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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Gallia Aquitania and Rome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallia_Aquitania_and_Rome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_Roman_Empire_and_the_Visigoths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_Roman_Empire_and_the_Visigoths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Late Roman Empire and the Visigoths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_Roman_Empire_and_the_Visigoths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Known_governors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Known_governors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Known governors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Known_governors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gallia Aquitania</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gallia Aquitania" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galia_Aquitania" title="Galia Aquitania – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Galia Aquitania" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akvitaniya_(Roma_vilay%C9%99ti)" title="Akvitaniya (Roma vilayəti) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Akvitaniya (Roma vilayəti)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F)" title="Аквітанія (рымская правінцыя) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аквітанія (рымская правінцыя)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Галия Аквитания – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Галия Аквитания" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gallia Aquitania" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A0l%C2%B7lia_Aquit%C3%A0nia" title="Gàl·lia Aquitània – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gàl·lia Aquitània" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gallia Aquitania" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gallia Aquitania" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gallia Aquitania" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gallia Aquitania" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gallia Aquitania" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ακουιτανική Γαλατία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ακουιτανική Γαλατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galia_Aquitania" title="Galia Aquitania – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Galia Aquitania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquitania" title="Aquitania – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aquitania" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galia_Akitania" title="Galia Akitania – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Galia Akitania" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84_(%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C)" title="آکیتنیا گال (استان رومی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آکیتنیا گال (استان رومی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaule_aquitaine" title="Gaule aquitaine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gaule aquitaine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gallia Aquitania" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gallia Aquitania" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%95%84%ED%80%B4%ED%83%80%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84" title="갈리아 아퀴타니아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="갈리아 아퀴타니아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gallia Aquitania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gallia Aquitania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%92%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="פרובינקיה גאליה אקוויטניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרובינקיה גאליה אקוויטניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquitania_(provincia_Romana)" title="Aquitania (provincia Romana) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aquitania (provincia Romana)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akvitanijos_Galija" title="Akvitanijos Galija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Akvitanijos Galija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gallia Aquitania" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Аквитанска Галија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Аквитанска Галија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A5%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="गालिया ॲक्विटॅनिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गालिया ॲक्विटॅनिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gallia Aquitania" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2" title="ガリア・アクィタニア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガリア・アクィタニア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gallia Aquitania" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A0llia_Aquit%C3%A0nia" title="Gàllia Aquitània – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gàllia Aquitània" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1lia_Aquit%C3%A2nia" title="Gália Aquitânia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gália Aquitânia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gallia Aquitania" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Аквитания (римская провинция) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аквитания (римская провинция)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akvitanska_Galija" title="Akvitanska Galija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Akvitanska Galija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A6%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="گالیا ئاکویتانیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گالیا ئاکویتانیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Аквитанска Галија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аквитанска Галија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galija_Akvitanija" title="Galija Akvitanija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Galija Akvitanija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gallia Aquitania" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2" title="กัลลิอาอากวีตานิอา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กัลลิอาอากวีตานิอา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gallia Aquitania" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Аквітанія (римська провінція) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аквітанія (римська провінція)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquitania" title="Aquitania – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Aquitania" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aquitanica_I&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquitanica I">Aquitanica I</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Roman province from 27 BC until the 5th century</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Aquitania" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Aquitania_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Aquitania (disambiguation)">Aquitania (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048730501">.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv td,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-native{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms td{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms table{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms tbody tr:first-child td{width:50%;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-former-subdiv vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps"><i>Provincia Gallia Aquitania</i></span><br />Province des Gaules, Aquitaine</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"><a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">Province</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category">27 BC–5th century</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_-_Aquitania_(125_AD).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Roman_Empire_-_Aquitania_%28125_AD%29.svg/220px-Roman_Empire_-_Aquitania_%28125_AD%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Roman_Empire_-_Aquitania_%28125_AD%29.svg/330px-Roman_Empire_-_Aquitania_%28125_AD%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Roman_Empire_-_Aquitania_%28125_AD%29.svg/440px-Roman_Empire_-_Aquitania_%28125_AD%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2186" data-file-height="1817" /></a></span><br />The province of Gallia Aquitania within the Roman Empire, c. 125 AD</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mediolanum_Santonum" title="Mediolanum Santonum">Mediolanum Santonum</a> (later moved to <a href="/wiki/Burdigala" class="mw-redirect" title="Burdigala">Burdigala</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Antiquity</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established after the <a href="/wiki/Gallic_Wars" title="Gallic Wars">Gallic Wars</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">27 BC</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Visigoth conquest </div></th><td class="infobox-data">5th century</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Aquitania_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquitania Prima">Aquitania Prima</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Aquitania_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquitania Secunda">Aquitania Secunda</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Novempopulania" title="Novempopulania">Novempopulania</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_125.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Roman_Empire_125.png/400px-Roman_Empire_125.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Roman_Empire_125.png/600px-Roman_Empire_125.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Roman_Empire_125.png/800px-Roman_Empire_125.png 2x" data-file-width="2186" data-file-height="1817" /></a><figcaption>The Roman empire in the time of <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a> (ruled 117–138 AD), showing, in southwestern <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial province">imperial province</a> of <b>Gallia Aquitania</b> (<a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a>, Fr.)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gallia Aquitania</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Latin:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="la-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">[ˈɡalːi.a<span class="wrap"> </span>akᶣiːˈtaːni.a]</a></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as <b><a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a></b> or <b>Aquitaine Gaul</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman provinces">province</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. It lies in present-day southwest <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Comarques_of_Catalonia" title="Comarques of Catalonia">comarca</a> of <a href="/wiki/Val_d%27Aran" title="Val d'Aran">Val d'Aran</a> in northeast <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, where it gives its name to the modern <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a>. It was bordered by the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Lugdunensis" title="Gallia Lugdunensis">Gallia Lugdunensis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis">Gallia Narbonensis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hispania_Tarraconensis" title="Hispania Tarraconensis">Hispania Tarraconensis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Drinkwater_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drinkwater-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tribes_of_Aquitania">Tribes of Aquitania</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallia_Aquitania&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Tribes of Aquitania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fourteen <a href="/wiki/Celt" class="mw-redirect" title="Celt">Celtic</a> tribes and over twenty <a href="/wiki/Aquitani" title="Aquitani">Aquitanian</a> tribes occupied the area from the northern slopes of the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> in the south to the <i>Liger</i> (<a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a>) river in the north. The major tribes are listed at the end of this section.<sup id="cite_ref-Strabo_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strabo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were more than twenty tribes of Aquitani, but they were small and lacking in repute; the majority of the tribes lived along the ocean, while the others reached up into the interior and to the summits of the Cemmenus Mountains, as far as the <a href="/wiki/Volcae#Volcae_Tectosages" title="Volcae">Tectosages</a>. </p><p>The name <i>Gallia Comata</i> was often used to designate the three provinces of Farther Gaul, viz. Gallia Lugdunensis, Gallia Belgica, and Aquitania, literally meaning "long-haired Gaul", as opposed to <i>Gallia Bracata</i> "trousered Gaul", a term derived from <i>bracae</i> ("breeches", the native costume of the northern "barbarians") for Gallia Narbonensis. </p><p>Most of the Atlantic coast of the Aquitani was sandy and thin-soiled; it grew <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet</a>, but was unproductive with respect to other products. Along this coast was also the gulf held by the Tarbelli; in their land, gold mines were abundant. Large quantities of gold could be mined with a minimum of refinement. The interior and mountainous country in this region had better soil. The Petrocorii and the Bituriges Cubi had fine ironworks; the Cadurci had linen factories; the Ruteni and the Gabales had silver mines.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to Strabo, the Aquitani were a wealthy people. Luerius, the King of the Arverni and the father of Bituitus who warred against Maximus Aemilianus and Dometius, is said to have been so exceptionally rich and extravagant that he once rode on a carriage through a plain, scattering gold and silver coins here and there.<sup id="cite_ref-Strabo_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strabo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Romans called the tribal groups <i><a href="/wiki/Pagus" title="Pagus">pagi</a></i>. These were organized into larger super-tribal groups that the Romans called <i><a href="/wiki/Civitates" class="mw-redirect" title="Civitates">civitates</a></i>. These administrative groupings were later taken over by the Romans in their system of local control. </p><p>Aquitania was inhabited by the following tribes: Ambilatri, Anagnutes, <a href="/wiki/Arverni" title="Arverni">Arverni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ausci" class="mw-redirect" title="Ausci">Ausci</a>, Basabocates, Belendi, Bercorates, <a href="/wiki/Bigorre" title="Bigorre">Bergerri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bituriges_Cubi" title="Bituriges Cubi">Bituriges Cubi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bituriges_Vivisci" title="Bituriges Vivisci">Bituriges Vivisci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cadurci" title="Cadurci">Cadurci</a>, Cambolectri Agesinates, Camponi, <a href="/wiki/Comminges" title="Comminges">Convenae</a>, Cocossati, Consoranni, <a href="/wiki/Elusates" title="Elusates">Elusates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabali" title="Gabali">Gabali</a>, Lassunni / Sassumini, Latusates / Tarusates, <a href="/wiki/Lemovices" title="Lemovices">Lemovices</a>, Monesi, <a href="/wiki/Nitiobroges" title="Nitiobroges">Nitiobroges</a> / Antobroges, Onobrisates, Oscidates montani, Oscidiates campestres, <a href="/wiki/Petrocorii" title="Petrocorii">Petrocorii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pictones" title="Pictones">Pictones</a>, Pindedunni / Pinpedunni, <a href="/wiki/Ruteni" title="Ruteni">Ruteni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santones" class="mw-redirect" title="Santones">Santones</a>, Sediboniates, Sennates, Sibyllates, Sottiates, Succasses, <a href="/wiki/Tarbelli" title="Tarbelli">Tarbelli</a>, Tornates / Toruates, Vassei, Vellates, <a href="/wiki/Vellavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vellavi">Vellavi</a>, Venami. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallia_Aquitania_and_Rome">Gallia Aquitania and Rome</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallia_Aquitania&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gallia Aquitania and Rome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a> as a nation was not a natural unit (Caesar differentiated between proper Gauls (Celtae), Belgae and <a href="/wiki/Aquitani" title="Aquitani">Aquitani</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to protect the route to Spain, Rome helped Massalia (<a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>) against bordering tribes. Following this intervention, the Romans conquered what they called <i>Provincia</i>, or the "Province" in 121 BC. <i>Provincia</i> extended from the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Geneva" title="Lake Geneva">Lake Geneva</a>, and was later known as Narbonensis with its capital at <a href="/wiki/Narbo" class="mw-redirect" title="Narbo">Narbo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Drinkwater_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drinkwater-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the region is now a part of modern <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>, named after the Roman district. </p><p>The main struggle against the Romans occurred from 58 to 50 BC when <a href="/wiki/Vercingetorix" title="Vercingetorix">Vercingetorix</a> fought against <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gergovia" title="Battle of Gergovia">Battle of Gergovia</a> (a city of the Arverni) and at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alesia" title="Battle of Alesia">Battle of Alesia</a> (a city of the Mandubii). Vercingetorix was captured at the siege of Alesia after which the war ended. Caesar seized the remainder of Gaul, justifying his conquest by playing on Roman memories of savage attacks over the Alps by Celts and Germans. Roman policy henceforth called for Italy to be defended by guarding the distant Rhine River.<sup id="cite_ref-Strabo_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strabo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Caesar named Aquitania the triangle shaped territory between the Ocean, the Pyrenees and the <a href="/wiki/Garonne" title="Garonne">Garonne</a> river. He fought and almost completely subdued them in 56 BC after <a href="/wiki/Publius_Licinius_Crassus_(son_of_triumvir)" title="Publius Licinius Crassus (son of triumvir)">Publius Crassus</a>'s military exploits assisted by Celtic allies. New rebellions ensued anyway up to 28–27 BC, with <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Vipsanius_Agrippa" title="Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa">Agrippa</a> gaining a great victory over the Gauls of Aquitania in 38 BC. It was the smallest region of all three mentioned above. A land extension stretching to the Loire River was added by <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following the census conducted in 27 BC, based on Agrippa's observations of language, race and community according to some sources.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that point, Aquitania became an imperial province and it, along with Narbonensis, Lugdunensis and Belgica, made up <a href="/wiki/Gallia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallia">Gallia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquitania lay under the command of a former <a href="/wiki/Praetor" title="Praetor">Praetor</a>, and hosted no legions.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sestertius_Hadrianus_Roma_Victory_Cornucopia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sestertius_Hadrianus_Roma_Victory_Cornucopia.jpg/220px-Sestertius_Hadrianus_Roma_Victory_Cornucopia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sestertius_Hadrianus_Roma_Victory_Cornucopia.jpg/330px-Sestertius_Hadrianus_Roma_Victory_Cornucopia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Sestertius_Hadrianus_Roma_Victory_Cornucopia.jpg/440px-Sestertius_Hadrianus_Roma_Victory_Cornucopia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3868" data-file-height="2212" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sestertius" title="Sestertius">Sestertius</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a> found in the Garonne near <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Burdigala</a>, from a shipwreck of 155/56 AD</figcaption></figure> <p>More so than Caesar, <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> insists that the <a href="/wiki/Aquitani" title="Aquitani">primeval Aquitani</a> differ from the other Gauls not just in <a href="/wiki/Aquitanian_language" title="Aquitanian language">language</a>, institutions and laws ("<i>lingua institutis legibusque discrepantes</i>") but in body make-up too, deeming them closer to the <a href="/wiki/Iberians" title="Iberians">Iberians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The administrative boundaries set up by Augustus comprising both proper Celtic tribes and primeval Aquitani remained unaltered until <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a>'s new administrative reorganization (see below). </p><p>The Arverni often warred against the Romans with as many as two to four hundred thousand men. Two hundred thousand fought against <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Fabius_Maximus_Allobrogicus" title="Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus">Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus</a> and against <a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Domitius_Ahenobarbus_(consul_122_BC)" title="Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 122 BC)">Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus</a>. The Arverni not only had extended their empire as far as Narbo and the boundaries of Massiliotis, but they were also masters of the tribes as far as the Pyrenees, and as far as the ocean and the <i>Rhenus</i> (<a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>). </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Late_Roman_Empire_and_the_Visigoths">Late Roman Empire and the Visigoths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallia_Aquitania&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Late Roman Empire and the Visigoths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aquitaine#History" title="Aquitaine">History of Aquitaine</a></div> <p>Early Roman Gaul came to an end late in the 3rd century. External pressures exacerbated internal weaknesses, and neglect of the Rhine frontier resulted in barbarian invasions and civil war. For a while Gaul, including Spain and Britain, was governed by a separate line of emperors (beginning with <a href="/wiki/Postumus" title="Postumus">Postumus</a>). However, there had still been no move to gain independence. In an attempt to save the Empire, <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a> reorganized the provinces in 293, with the establishment of the <i>Diocesis Viennensis</i> in the south of Gaul, comprising the former Gallia Aquitania and Gallia Narbonensis. At the same time, Aquitania was divided into <i><a href="/wiki/Aquitania_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquitania Prima">Aquitania Prima</a></i>, with its <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_see" title="Episcopal see">see</a> (capital) in <i><a href="/wiki/Bourges" title="Bourges">Avaricum Biturigum</a></i> (Bourges), <i><a href="/wiki/Aquitania_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquitania Secunda">Aquitania Secunda</a></i> (see – <i><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Burdigala</a></i>; the later Bordeaux) and <i>Aquitania Tertia</i>, better known as <i><a href="/wiki/Novempopulania" title="Novempopulania">Novempopulania</a></i> ("land of the nine peoples"), with its see in <i><a href="/wiki/Eauze" title="Eauze">Elusa</a></i> (Eauze). <i>Novempopulania</i> originated in boundaries set up by Caesar for the original Aquitania, who had kept some kind of separate sense of identity (Verus' mission to Rome aimed at demanding a separate province). After this restructuring, Gaul enjoyed stability and enhanced prestige.<sup id="cite_ref-Drinkwater_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drinkwater-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the trans-Rhine invasion December 31 406 by 4 tribes (Alans, Sueves, Asding and Siling Vandals), the offices of the Gallic prefecture were moved from Trier to Arles even though the Rhine frontier was subsequently restored and under Roman control till 459 when Cologne was taken by the Franks. Roman attention had been shifted to the south to try to control the invaders and keep them from the Mediterranean, a policy which failed after the Vandals started to harass the coasts from their bases in southern Spain from the early 420s. </p><p>In the early 5th century, Aquitania was invaded by the Germanic <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a>. The Emperor <a href="/wiki/Flavius_Honorius" class="mw-redirect" title="Flavius Honorius">Flavius Honorius</a> conceded land in Aquitania to the Visigoths . According to some sources the Visigoths were Roman <i><a href="/wiki/Foederati" title="Foederati">foederati</a></i> and Flavius acted to reward them under the principle of <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospitalitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hospitalitas (page does not exist)">hospitalitas</a></i> (i.e. the Roman legal framework under which civilians were required to provide quarters to soldiers).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 418, an independent <a href="/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom" title="Visigothic Kingdom">Visigothic Kingdom</a> was formed from parts of <i>Novempopulania</i> and <i>Aquitania Secunda</i>. The death of the general <a href="/wiki/Flavius_Aetius" title="Flavius Aetius">Aëtius</a> (454) and a worsening debility on the part of the western government created a power vacuum. During the 460s and 470s, Visigoths encroached on Roman territory to the east, and in 476, the last imperial possessions in the south of Aquitania were ceded to the Visigoths. The Visigothic Kingdom later expanded over the Pyrenees and into the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>. </p><p>From 602, an independent <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Vasconia" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Vasconia">Duchy of Vasconia</a> (or <i>Wasconia</i>) was formed, under a <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a>-Roman elite, in the former Visigothic stronghold of south-west Aquitania (i.e. the region known later as <a href="/wiki/Gascony" title="Gascony">Gascony</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Known_governors">Known governors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallia_Aquitania&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Known governors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Julius_Cordus" title="Quintus Julius Cordus">Quintus Julius Cordus</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AD 69</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Julius_Agricola" title="Gnaeus Julius Agricola">Gnaeus Julius Agricola</a> 74–76</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Cornelius_Nigrinus_Curiatius_Maternus" title="Marcus Cornelius Nigrinus Curiatius Maternus">Marcus Cornelius Nigrinus Curiatius Maternus</a> 80–83</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senecio_Memmius_Afer" title="Senecio Memmius Afer">Senecio Memmius Afer</a> 94–96</li> <li>[Lucius Valerius Propinquus?] Grani[us ...?] Grattius [Cerealis?] Geminius R[estitutus?] 123–125</li> <li>Salvius Valens<sup id="cite_ref-Syme_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syme-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Caecilius_Marcellus_Dentilianus" title="Quintus Caecilius Marcellus Dentilianus">Quintus Caecilius Marcellus Dentilianus</a> c. 138</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Prifernius_Paetus_Rosianus_Geminus" title="Titus Prifernius Paetus Rosianus Geminus">Titus Prifernius Paetus Rosianus Geminus</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 142–145</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quintus_Cecilius_Marcellus_Dentillianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quintus Cecilius Marcellus Dentillianus (page does not exist)">Quintus Cecilius Marcellus Dentillianus</a> 146–149</li> <li>[...] Licianus</li> <li>Fidus 150s<sup id="cite_ref-Syme_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syme-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Censorius_Paullus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcus Censorius Paullus (page does not exist)">Marcus Censorius Paullus</a> ?157–?160</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Publius_Flavius_Pudens_Pomponianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Publius Flavius Pudens Pomponianus (page does not exist)">Publius Flavius Pudens Pomponianus</a> second half second century<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Julius_Julianus" title="Lucius Julius Julianus">Lucius Julius Julianus</a> during the reign of Caracalla<sup id="cite_ref-Leunissen-283_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leunissen-283-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Juventius_Secundus_Rixa_Postumius_Pansa_Valerianus_Severus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcus Juventius Secundus Rixa Postumius Pansa Valerianus Severus (page does not exist)">Marcus Juventius Secundus Rixa Postumius Pansa Valerianus Severus</a> early third century<sup id="cite_ref-Leunissen-283_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leunissen-283-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallia_Aquitania&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879). "Aquitania". <i>A Latin Dictionary.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=A%5Equi_ta_ni%5Ea">Perseus Digital Library</a>, Tufts University.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drinkwater-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Drinkwater_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drinkwater_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drinkwater_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">John Frederick Drinkwater (1998). "Gaul (Transalpine)". <i>The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization.</i> Ed. Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth. Oxford University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t133.e282">Oxford Reference Online</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strabo-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Strabo_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strabo_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strabo_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Strabo: The Geography</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/4B*.html">The Aquitani</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/holland/pliny4.html"><i>Natural History</i>, Bk. 4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Caesar, Commentaria de bello gallico, I 1. See C.B. Krebs (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2434122/Imaginary%20Geography%20in%20Caesars%20Bellum%20Gallicum">"Imaginary Geography in Caesar's Bellum Gallicum,"</a> AJP 127: 111-36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCaro_Baroja,_Julio1985" class="citation book cs1">Caro Baroja, Julio (1985). <i><span></span></i>Los vascones y sus vecinos<i><span></span></i>. San Sebastian: Editorial Txertoa. p. 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-7148-136-7" title="Special:BookSources/84-7148-136-7"><bdi>84-7148-136-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Los+vascones+y+sus+vecinos&rft.place=San+Sebastian&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Editorial+Txertoa&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=84-7148-136-7&rft.au=Caro+Baroja%2C+Julio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallia+Aquitania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthew Bunson (1994). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_the_Roman_Empire" title="Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire">Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire</a></i>. Facts on File, New York. p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Histories of Appian</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Appian/Civil_Wars/5*.html">The Civil Wars</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livius.org, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/gi-gr/governor/provinces.html"><i>Provinces (Roman)</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161226144146/http://www.livius.org/gi-gr/governor/provinces.html">Archived</a> 2016-12-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaro_Baroja,_Julio1985" class="citation book cs1">Caro Baroja, Julio (1985). <i><span></span></i>Los vascones y sus vecinos<i><span></span></i>. San Sebastian: Editorial Txertoa. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-7148-136-7" title="Special:BookSources/84-7148-136-7"><bdi>84-7148-136-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Los+vascones+y+sus+vecinos&rft.place=San+Sebastian&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Editorial+Txertoa&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=84-7148-136-7&rft.au=Caro+Baroja%2C+Julio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallia+Aquitania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Heather. (1996). <i>The Goths</i>, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H. Sivan. (1987). "On <i>Foederati</i>, <i>Hospitalitas</i>, and the Settlement of the Goths in AD 418", <i>American Journal of Philology</i> <i>108</i> (4), 759–772.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Unless otherwise stated, the names of the governors from 69 to 138 are taken from <a href="/wiki/Werner_Eck" title="Werner Eck">Werner Eck</a>, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139", <i><a href="/wiki/Chiron_(journal)" title="Chiron (journal)">Chiron</a></i>, 12 (1982), pp. 281–362; 13 (1983), pp. 147–237</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Syme-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Syme_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Syme_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronald Syme, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/ifa/zpe/downloads/1989/079pdf/079181.pdf">"A Lost Legate of Aquitania"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_Papyrologie_und_Epigraphik" title="Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik">Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik</a></i>, 79 (1988), pp. 181–187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Unless otherwise stated, the names of the proconsular governors from 141 to 177 are taken from Géza Alföldy, <i>Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter der Antoninen</i> (Bonn: Rudolf Habelt Verlag, 1977), pp. 252f</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Leunissen, <i>Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander</i> (Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 1989), pp. 204f</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leunissen-283-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Leunissen-283_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leunissen-283_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Leunissen, <i>Konsuln und Konsulare</i>, p. 283</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_provinces_AD_117" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman provinces AD 117"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provinces_of_the_early_Roman_Empire_(117_AD)239" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_province#The_Roman_provinces_in_117" title="Roman province">Provinces of the early Roman Empire <small>(117 AD)</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaia_(Roman_province)" title="Achaia (Roman province)">Achaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt (Roman province)">Aegyptus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africa_(Roman_province)" title="Africa (Roman province)">Africa proconsularis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpes_Cottiae" title="Alpes Cottiae">Alpes Cottiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpes_Maritimae" title="Alpes Maritimae">Alpes Maritimae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpes_Graiae_et_Poeninae" title="Alpes Graiae et Poeninae">Alpes Graiae et Poeninae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabia_Petraea" title="Arabia Petraea">Arabia Petraea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Armenia" title="Roman Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_(Roman_province)" title="Asia (Roman province)">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyria_(Roman_province)" title="Assyria (Roman province)">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bithynia_and_Pontus" title="Bithynia and Pontus">Bithynia and Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Britannia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocia_(Roman_province)" title="Cappadocia (Roman province)">Cappadocia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilicia_(Roman_province)" title="Cilicia (Roman province)">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsica_and_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Corsica and Sardinia">Corsica and Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crete_and_Cyrenaica" title="Crete and Cyrenaica">Crete and Cyrenaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Cyprus" title="Roman Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatia_(Roman_province)" title="Dalmatia (Roman province)">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_(Roman_province)" title="Epirus (Roman province)">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia_(Roman_province)" title="Galatia (Roman province)">Galatia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gallia Aquitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Belgica" title="Gallia Belgica">Gallia Belgica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Lugdunensis" title="Gallia Lugdunensis">Gallia Lugdunensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis">Gallia Narbonensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Inferior" title="Germania Inferior">Germania Inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Superior" title="Germania Superior">Germania Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Baetica" title="Hispania Baetica">Hispania Baetica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitania" title="Lusitania">Hispania Lusitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Tarraconensis" title="Hispania Tarraconensis">Hispania Tarraconensis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Italia</a></i> <sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaea_(Roman_province)" title="Judaea (Roman province)">Iudaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycia_et_Pamphylia" title="Lycia et Pamphylia">Lycia et Pamphylia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Caesariensis" title="Mauretania Caesariensis">Mauretania Caesariensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Tingitana" title="Mauretania Tingitana">Mauretania Tingitana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_(Roman_province)" title="Mesopotamia (Roman province)">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia Inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum">Noricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Inferior" title="Pannonia Inferior">Pannonia Inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Superior" title="Pannonia Superior">Pannonia Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raetia" title="Raetia">Raetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilia_(Roman_province)" title="Sicilia (Roman province)">Sicilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Syria" title="Roman Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracia_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thracia (Roman province)">Thracia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RomanEmpire_117.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, at the death of Trajan (117 AD)"><img alt="The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, at the death of Trajan (117 AD)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RomanEmpire_117.svg/150px-RomanEmpire_117.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RomanEmpire_117.svg/225px-RomanEmpire_117.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RomanEmpire_117.svg/300px-RomanEmpire_117.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="376" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>†</sup> Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a>'s reforms.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Late_Roman_and_early_Byzantine_provinces_(4th–7th_centuries_AD)660" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Late_Roman_and_Byzantine_provinces" title="Template:Late Roman and Byzantine provinces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Late_Roman_and_Byzantine_provinces" title="Template talk:Late Roman and Byzantine provinces"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Late_Roman_and_Byzantine_provinces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Late Roman and Byzantine provinces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Late_Roman_and_early_Byzantine_provinces_(4th–7th_centuries_AD)660" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Late_Roman_provinces" title="List of Late Roman provinces">Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces</a> (4th–7th centuries AD)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History660" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">As found in the <i><a href="/wiki/Notitia_Dignitatum" title="Notitia Dignitatum">Notitia Dignitatum</a></i>. Provincial administration reformed and <a href="/wiki/Roman_diocese" title="Roman diocese">dioceses</a> established by <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 293. Permanent <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture" title="Praetorian prefecture">praetorian prefectures</a> established after the death of <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I">Constantine I</a>. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of <a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Ravenna" title="Exarchate of Ravenna">Ravenna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Africa" title="Exarchate of Africa">Africa</a> established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the <a href="/wiki/Theme_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme system">theme system</a> in c. 640–660, although in <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Asia Minor</a> and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Western_Roman_Empire_(395–476)660" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a> (395–476)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Gaul" title="Praetorian prefecture of Gaul">Praetorian prefecture<br />of Gaul</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Gaul" title="Diocese of Gaul">Diocese of Gaul</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpes_Poeninae_et_Graiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpes Poeninae et Graiae">Alpes Poeninae et Graiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgica_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgica Prima">Belgica I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgica_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgica Secunda">Belgica II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Superior" title="Germania Superior">Germania I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Inferior" title="Germania Inferior">Germania II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugdunensis_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugdunensis I">Lugdunensis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugdunensis_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugdunensis II">Lugdunensis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugdunensis_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugdunensis III">Lugdunensis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugdunensis_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugdunensis IV">Lugdunensis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxima_Sequanorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxima Sequanorum">Maxima Sequanorum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Septem_Provinciae" title="Septem Provinciae">Diocese of Vienne</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpes_Maritimae" title="Alpes Maritimae">Alpes Maritimae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquitanica_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquitanica I">Aquitanica I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquitanica_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquitanica II">Aquitanica II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narbonensis_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Narbonensis I">Narbonensis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narbonensis_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Narbonensis II">Narbonensis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novempopulania" title="Novempopulania">Novempopulania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viennensis" title="Viennensis">Viennensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Spain">Diocese of Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Baetica" title="Hispania Baetica">Baetica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Balearica" title="Hispania Balearica">Balearica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Carthaginensis" title="Hispania Carthaginensis">Carthaginensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitania" title="Lusitania">Lusitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Tingitana" title="Mauretania Tingitana">Mauretania Tingitana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania_Tarraconensis" title="Hispania Tarraconensis">Tarraconensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_the_Britains" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of the Britains">Diocese of the Britains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britannia_Prima" title="Britannia Prima">Britannia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britannia_Secunda" title="Britannia Secunda">Britannia II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavia_Caesariensis" title="Flavia Caesariensis">Flavia Caesariensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxima_Caesariensis" title="Maxima Caesariensis">Maxima Caesariensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentia_(Roman_Britain)" title="Valentia (Roman Britain)">Valentia (?)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Italy" title="Praetorian prefecture of Italy">Praetorian prefecture<br />of Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Suburbicarian_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy">Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Apulia_and_Calabria" title="Province of Apulia and Calabria">Apulia et Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campania_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Campania (Roman province)">Campania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucania_et_Bruttium" title="Lucania et Bruttium">Lucania et Bruttium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picenum" title="Picenum">Picenum Suburbicarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnium" title="Samnium">Samnium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilia_(Roman_province)" title="Sicilia (Roman province)">Sicilia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuscia_et_Umbria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuscia et Umbria (page does not exist)">Tuscia et Umbria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valeria_Suburbicaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valeria Suburbicaria (page does not exist)">Valeria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Annonarian_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Annonarian Italy">Diocese of Annonarian Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpes_Cottiae" title="Alpes Cottiae">Alpes Cottiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaminia_et_Picenum_Annonarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium">Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liguria_(Roman_province)" title="Liguria (Roman province)">Liguria</a> et <a href="/wiki/Aemilia_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aemilia (Roman province)">Aemilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raetia_Prima" title="Raetia Prima">Raetia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raetia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Raetia Secunda">Raetia II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetia_et_Histria" title="Venetia et Histria">Venetia et Histria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Africa" title="Diocese of Africa">Diocese of Africa</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_(Roman_province)" title="Africa (Roman province)">Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzacena" title="Byzacena">Byzacena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Caesariensis" title="Mauretania Caesariensis">Mauretania Caesariensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Sitifensis" title="Mauretania Sitifensis">Mauretania Sitifensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numidia_(Roman_province)" title="Numidia (Roman province)">Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripolitania_(Roman_province)" title="Tripolitania (Roman province)">Tripolitania (Roman province)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Eastern_Roman_Empire_(395–c._640)660" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a> (395–c. 640)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Illyricum" title="Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum">Praetorian prefecture<br />of Illyricum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Pannonia" title="Diocese of Pannonia">Diocese of Pannonia</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatia_(Roman_province)" title="Dalmatia (Roman province)">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noricum_mediterraneum" class="mw-redirect" title="Noricum mediterraneum">Noricum mediterraneum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noricum_ripense" class="mw-redirect" title="Noricum ripense">Noricum ripense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Prima" title="Pannonia Prima">Pannonia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Secunda" title="Pannonia Secunda">Pannonia II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Savia" title="Pannonia Savia">Savia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeria_ripensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeria ripensis">Valeria ripensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Dacia" title="Diocese of Dacia">Diocese of Dacia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Mediterranea" title="Dacia Mediterranea">Dacia Mediterranea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Ripensis" title="Dacia Ripensis">Dacia Ripensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardania_(Roman_province)" title="Dardania (Roman province)">Dardania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia_Prima" title="Moesia Prima">Moesia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praevalitana" title="Praevalitana">Praevalitana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Macedonia" title="Diocese of Macedonia">Diocese of Macedonia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaea_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaea (Roman province)">Achaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Crete" title="Byzantine Crete">Creta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_Nova" class="mw-redirect" title="Epirus Nova">Epirus Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_Vetus" class="mw-redirect" title="Epirus Vetus">Epirus Vetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonia Prima">Macedonia Prima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonia Secunda">Macedonia II Salutaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessalia">Thessalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_the_East" title="Praetorian prefecture of the East">Praetorian prefecture<br />of the East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Thrace" title="Diocese of Thrace">Diocese of Thrace</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(Roman_province)" title="Europa (Roman province)">Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haemimontus" title="Haemimontus">Haemimontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Moesia Secunda">Moesia II</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodope_(province)" title="Rhodope (province)">Rhodope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythia_Minor" title="Scythia Minor">Scythia</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracia" title="Thracia">Thracia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Asia" title="Diocese of Asia">Diocese of Asia</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_(Roman_province)" title="Asia (Roman province)">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caria" title="Caria">Caria</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellespontus_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellespontus (province)">Hellespontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_(Roman_province)" title="Islands (Roman province)">Islands</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycaonia" title="Lycaonia">Lycaonia (370)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphylia" title="Pamphylia">Pamphylia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidia" title="Pisidia">Pisidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygia_Pacatiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Phrygia Pacatiana">Phrygia Pacatiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygia_Salutaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Phrygia Salutaris">Phrygia Salutaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Pontus" title="Diocese of Pontus">Diocese of Pontus</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia Prima">Armenia I</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia Secunda">Armenia II</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_Maior" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia Maior">Armenia Maior</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Satrapies" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Satrapies">Armenian Satrapies</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia III">Armenia III (536)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia IV">Armenia IV (536)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bithynia" title="Bithynia">Bithynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocia_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Cappadocia Prima">Cappadocia I</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Cappadocia Secunda">Cappadocia II</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Galatia Prima">Galatia I</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Galatia Secunda">Galatia II Salutaris</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helenopontus" class="mw-redirect" title="Helenopontus">Helenopontus</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorias" title="Honorias">Honorias</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphlagonia" title="Paphlagonia">Paphlagonia</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_Polemoniacus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontus Polemoniacus">Pontus Polemoniacus</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_the_East" title="Diocese of the East">Diocese of the East</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabia_Petraea" title="Arabia Petraea">Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilicia_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilicia Prima">Cilicia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilicia_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilicia Secunda">Cilicia II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Cyprus" title="Roman Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphratensis" title="Euphratensis">Euphratensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isauria" title="Isauria">Isauria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_(Roman_province)" title="Mesopotamia (Roman province)">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osroene_(Roman_province)" title="Osroene (Roman province)">Osroene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Prima" title="Palaestina Prima">Palaestina I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Secunda" title="Palaestina Secunda">Palaestina II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaestina_III_Salutaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaestina III Salutaris">Palaestina III Salutaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenice_Prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenice Prima">Phoenice I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenice_II_Libanensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenice II Libanensis">Phoenice II Libanensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_Prima" title="Syria Prima">Syria I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_II_Salutaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria II Salutaris">Syria II Salutaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodorias_(province)" title="Theodorias (province)">Theodorias (528)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Egypt" title="Diocese of Egypt">Diocese of Egypt</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegyptus_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegyptus I">Aegyptus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegyptus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegyptus II">Aegyptus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_Aegypti" title="Arcadia Aegypti">Arcadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustamnica_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustamnica I">Augustamnica I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustamnica_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustamnica II">Augustamnica II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_Superior" class="mw-redirect" title="Libya Superior">Libya Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_Inferior" class="mw-redirect" title="Libya Inferior">Libya Inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebais_Superior" class="mw-redirect" title="Thebais Superior">Thebais Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebais_Inferior" class="mw-redirect" title="Thebais Inferior">Thebais Inferior</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_territories660" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taurica" class="mw-redirect" title="Taurica">Taurica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaestura_exercitus" title="Quaestura exercitus">Quaestura exercitus (536)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spania (552)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Later the <a href="/wiki/Septem_Provinciae" title="Septem Provinciae">Septem Provinciae</a></li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Re-established after <a href="/wiki/Vandalic_War" title="Vandalic War">reconquest</a> by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Africa" title="Praetorian prefecture of Africa">Prefecture of Africa</a></li> <li><sup><small>3</small></sup> Later the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Illyricum" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Illyricum">Diocese of Illyricum</a></li> <li><sup><small>4</small></sup> Placed under the <a href="/wiki/Quaestura_exercitus" title="Quaestura exercitus">Quaestura exercitus</a> in 536</li> <li><sup><small>5</small></sup> Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a>'s administrative reorganization in 534–536</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q715376#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata654" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q715376#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata654" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q715376#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/187144783081424669713">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Aquitania (Roman province)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/981505">Pleiades</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gallia_Aquitania&oldid=1263321589">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gallia_Aquitania&oldid=1263321589</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_the_1st_century_BC" title="Category:States and territories established in the 1st century BC">States and 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