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data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 个人工具 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh">资助维基百科</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"> 创建账号</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"> 登录</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息">了解详情</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y">贡献</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n">讨论</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-詞源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#詞源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 詞源 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-詞源-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关詞源子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-詞源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中文" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中文"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 中文 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中文-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歐洲語言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歐洲語言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 歐洲語言 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歐洲語言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-一般性質" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#一般性質"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 一般性質 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-一般性質-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-組成" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#組成"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 組成 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-組成-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-結構和核融合" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#結構和核融合"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 結構和核融合 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-結構和核融合-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关結構和核融合子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-結構和核融合-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-核心" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#核心"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 核心 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-核心-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-輻射層" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#輻射層"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 輻射層 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-輻射層-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-差旋層" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#差旋層"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 差旋層 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-差旋層-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-對流層" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#對流層"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 對流層 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-對流層-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-光球" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#光球"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 光球 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-光球-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-大氣層" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#大氣層"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 大氣層 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-大氣層-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-溫度極小區" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#溫度極小區"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6.1 溫度極小區 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-溫度極小區-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-色球" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#色球"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6.2 色球 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-色球-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-過渡區" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#過渡區"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6.3 過渡區 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-過渡區-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日冕" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日冕"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6.4 日冕 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日冕-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-太陽圈" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#太陽圈"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6.5 太陽圈 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-太陽圈-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-陽光和微中子" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#陽光和微中子"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 陽光和微中子 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-陽光和微中子-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-磁活動" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#磁活動"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 磁活動 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-磁活動-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关磁活動子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-磁活動-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-太陽黑子" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#太陽黑子"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 太陽黑子 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-太陽黑子-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-太陽活動" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#太陽活動"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 太陽活動 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-太陽活動-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-可能的長週期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#可能的長週期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 可能的長週期 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-可能的長週期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生命階段" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生命階段"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 生命階段 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-生命階段-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关生命階段子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-生命階段-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-形成" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#形成"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 形成 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-形成-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-主序帶" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主序帶"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 主序帶 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-主序帶-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-核芯氫氣耗盡後" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#核芯氫氣耗盡後"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 核芯氫氣耗盡後 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-核芯氫氣耗盡後-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-運動和位置" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#運動和位置"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 運動和位置 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-運動和位置-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关運動和位置子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-運動和位置-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-太陽系" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#太陽系"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 太陽系 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-太陽系-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-太陽系中的運動" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#太陽系中的運動"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 太陽系中的運動 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-太陽系中的運動-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-鄰域天體" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#鄰域天體"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 鄰域天體 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-鄰域天體-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-在銀河系的軌道" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#在銀河系的軌道"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 在銀河系的軌道 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-在銀河系的軌道-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-銀河系位置" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#銀河系位置"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 銀河系位置 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-銀河系位置-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-理論上的問題" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#理論上的問題"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 理論上的問題 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-理論上的問題-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关理論上的問題子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-理論上的問題-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-太陽微中子問題" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#太陽微中子問題"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 太陽微中子問題 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-太陽微中子問題-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日冕高溫問題" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日冕高溫問題"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 日冕高溫問題 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日冕高溫問題-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-年輕太陽黯淡問題" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#年輕太陽黯淡問題"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 年輕太陽黯淡問題 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-年輕太陽黯淡問題-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-現在的異常" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#現在的異常"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 現在的異常 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-現在的異常-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-觀測的歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#觀測的歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 觀測的歷史 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-觀測的歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关觀測的歷史子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-觀測的歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-早期的了解和語源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#早期的了解和語源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 早期的了解和語源 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-早期的了解和語源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-科學認識的發展" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#科學認識的發展"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 科學認識的發展 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-科學認識的發展-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-太陽太空任務" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#太陽太空任務"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 太陽太空任務 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-太陽太空任務-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-觀測和成效" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#觀測和成效"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 觀測和成效 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-觀測和成效-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-術語" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#術語"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 術語 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-術語-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-太阳伴星" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#太阳伴星"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 太阳伴星 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-太阳伴星-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人類文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人類文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 人類文化 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-人類文化-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关人類文化子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-人類文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-重要性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#重要性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 重要性 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-重要性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-神话" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#神话"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 神话 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-神话-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.3 文學 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 參見 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註解" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註解"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 註解 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註解-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參看" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參看"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 參看 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參看-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 參考資料 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 延伸阅读 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 外部連結 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">太阳</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。299种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-299" aria-hidden="true" > 299种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Амра – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Амра" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata_uroe" title="Mata uroe – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Mata uroe" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%8D" title="Тыгъэ – 阿迪格语" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Тыгъэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="阿迪格语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son" title="Son – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Son" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonne" title="Sonne – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Sonne" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%80%E1%88%90%E1%8B%AD" title="ፀሐይ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፀሐይ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidal" title="Cidal – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Cidal" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" title="Sol – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sol" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunne" title="Sunne – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Sunne" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ura" title="Ura – 奥博洛语" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Ura" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="奥博洛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="सूर्य – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="सूर्य" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3" title="الشمس – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الشمس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AB%DC%A1%DC%AB%DC%90" title="ܫܡܫܐ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܫܡܫܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B4" title="شمش – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="شمش" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3" title="شمس – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شمس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="সূৰ্য – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সূৰ্য" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" title="Sol – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sol" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisimw" title="Pisimw – 阿提卡米克语" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Pisimw" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="阿提卡米克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Atikamekw</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Бакъ – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Бакъ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awalt" title="Awalt – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Awalt" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="सूर्य – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="सूर्य" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willka" title="Willka – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Willka" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCn%C9%99%C5%9F" title="Günəş – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Günəş" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B4" title="گونش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="گونش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%88" title="Ҡояш – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡояш" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surya" title="Surya – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Surya" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun" title="Sun – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Sun" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saul%C4%97" title="Saulė – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Saulė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saldang" title="Saldang – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Saldang" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Сонца – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сонца" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Сонца – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сонца" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mataari" title="Mataari – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Mataari" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Слънце – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Слънце" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9C" title="सुरुज – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सुरुज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/San" title="San – 比斯拉马语" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="San" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="比斯拉马语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matahari" title="Matahari – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Matahari" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8" title="မွူး – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="မွူး" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tile" title="Tile – 班巴拉语" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Tile" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="班巴拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="সূর্য – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সূর্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="ཉི་མ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཉི་མ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heol" title="Heol – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Heol" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sunce" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidumadang_ari" title="Sidumadang ari – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Sidumadang ari" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%86%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%9B%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%9A" title="ᨆᨈᨕᨛᨔᨚ – 布吉语" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨆᨈᨕᨛᨔᨚ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="布吉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Наран – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Наран" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" title="Sol – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" title="Sol – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Sol" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ADk-t%C3%A0u" title="Nĭk-tàu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nĭk-tàu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85" title="Малх – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Малх" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlaw" title="Adlaw – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Adlaw" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%85%E1%8F%93" title="ᏅᏓ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏅᏓ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89%C5%A1e%27he" title="Éše'he – 夏延语" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Éše'he" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="夏延语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%86%D8%B1" title="خۆر – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خۆر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soli" title="Soli – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Soli" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCne%C5%9F" title="Küneş – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Küneş" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slunce" title="Slunce – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Slunce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%82u%C5%84ce" title="Słuńce – 卡舒比语" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Słuńce" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒比语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%94" title="Слъньцє – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Слъньцє" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%C4%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Хĕвел – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хĕвел" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haul" title="Haul – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Haul" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solen" title="Solen – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Solen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonne" title="Sonne – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sonne" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Amenaa" title="Ŋmenaa – Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Ŋmenaa" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagaare</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ak%C9%94%CC%88l" title="Akɔ̈l – 丁卡语" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Akɔ̈l" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="丁卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tici" title="Tici – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tici" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%82y%C5%84co" title="Słyńco – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Słyńco" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadau" title="Tadau – 中部杜順文" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Tadau" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="中部杜順文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="सूर्य – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="सूर्य" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%83%DE%AA" title="އިރު – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިރު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%94e" title="Ɣe – 埃维语" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Ɣe" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="埃维语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%89%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ήλιος – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ήλιος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A5ul" title="Såul – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Såul" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun" title="Sun – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sun" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suno" title="Suno – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Suno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" title="Sol – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sol" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4ike" title="Päike – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Päike" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eguzkia" title="Eguzkia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eguzkia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" title="Sol – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Sol" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="خورشید – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خورشید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fat mw-list-item"><a href="https://fat.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewia" title="Ewia – 芳蒂语" lang="fat" hreflang="fat" data-title="Ewia" data-language-autonym="Mfantse" data-language-local-name="芳蒂语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mfantse</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naange" title="Naange – 富拉语" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Naange" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="富拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurinko" title="Aurinko – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aurinko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4iv" title="Päiv – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Päiv" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matanisiga" title="Matanisiga – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Matanisiga" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3lin" title="Sólin – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Sólin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwe" title="Hwe – 丰语" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Hwe" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="丰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fɔ̀ngbè</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soleil" title="Soleil – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Soleil" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solely" title="Solely – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Solely" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/San" title="San – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="San" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soreli" title="Soreli – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Soreli" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinne" title="Sinne – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sinne" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grian" title="Grian – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Grian" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD" title="太陽 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="太陽" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol%C3%A8y" title="Solèy – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Solèy" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grian" title="Grian – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Grian" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" title="Sol – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sol" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%8A%D8%B1" title="خۊر – 吉拉基文" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="خۊر" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="吉拉基文" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarahy" title="Kuarahy – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuarahy" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="सूर्य – 孔卡尼文" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="सूर्य" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="孔卡尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%89" title="𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌽𐍉 – 哥特语" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌽𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF" title="સૂર્ય – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સૂર્ય" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%27i" title="Ka'i – 瓦尤文" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Ka'i" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="瓦尤文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wayuunaiki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owh%C3%A8" title="Owhè – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Owhè" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gungbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Ghrian" title="Yn Ghrian – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Ghrian" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rana" title="Rana – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Rana" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngit-th%C3%A8u" title="Ngit-thèu – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngit-thèu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%81" title="Lā – 夏威夷语" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Lā" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9" title="השמש – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="השמש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="सूर्य – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सूर्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suraj" title="Suraj – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Suraj" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sunce" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%82%C3%B3nco" title="Słónco – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Słónco" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol%C3%A8y" title="Solèy – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Solèy" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nap" title="Nap – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nap" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Արեգակ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արեգակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" title="Sol – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Sol" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata_panas" title="Mata panas – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Mata panas" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matahari" title="Matahari – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Matahari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sole" title="Sole – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Sole" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siqi%C3%B1iq" title="Siqiñiq – 伊努皮克语" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Siqiñiq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="伊努皮克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Init" title="Init – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Init" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85" title="Малх – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Малх" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suno" title="Suno – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Suno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3lin" title="Sólin – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sólin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sole" title="Sole – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sole" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%AF%E1%95%BF%E1%93%82%E1%96%85" title="ᓯᕿᓂᖅ – 因纽特语" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓯᕿᓂᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="因纽特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD" title="太陽 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="太陽" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son" title="Son – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Son" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/solri" title="solri – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="solri" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sreng%C3%A9ng%C3%A9" title="Srengéngé – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Srengéngé" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96%E1%83%94" title="მზე – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მზე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quyash" title="Quyash – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Quyash" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafukt_(itri)" title="Tafukt (itri) – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tafukt (itri)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C9%A9s%C9%A9" title="Wɩsɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Wɩsɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam" title="Mam – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Mam" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nt%C3%A2ngu" title="Ntângu – 刚果语" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Ntângu" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="刚果语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mataharani" title="Mataharani – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Mataharani" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BD_(%D0%B6%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B7)" title="Күн (жұлдыз) – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Күн (жұлдыз)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99" title="ព្រះអាទិត្យ – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ព្រះអាទិត្យ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಸೂರ್ಯ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸೂರ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91" title="태양 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="태양" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Шонді – 科米-彼尔米亚克语" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Шонді" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="科米-彼尔米亚克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8E%D0%BD" title="Кюн – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Кюн" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="آفتاب – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="آفتاب" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunn" title="Sunn – 科隆语" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Sunn" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roj_(st%C3%AArk)" title="Roj (stêrk) – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Roj (stêrk)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Шонді – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Шонді" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howl" title="Howl – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Howl" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Күн – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Күн" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" title="Sol – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sol" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" title="Sol – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Sol" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonn" title="Sonn – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Sonn" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8A" title="Баргъ – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Баргъ" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8A" title="Рагъ – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Рагъ" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" title="Sol – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sol" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enjuba" title="Enjuba – 卢干达语" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Enjuba" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="卢干达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zon" title="Zon – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zon" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B4" title="Sô – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Sô" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur%C3%ABdl" title="Surëdl – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Surëdl" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" title="Sol – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sol" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3i" title="Mói – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mói" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ຕາເວັນ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຕາເວັນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saul%C4%97" title="Saulė – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Saulė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saule" title="Saule – 拉特加萊文" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Saule" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="拉特加萊文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saule" title="Saule – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Saule" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="सूर्य – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सूर्य" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srengenge" title="Srengenge – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Srengenge" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Шись – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Шись" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masoandro" title="Masoandro – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Masoandro" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te_R%C4%81" title="Te Rā – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Te Rā" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matoari" title="Matoari – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Matoari" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Сонце – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сонце" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB" title="സൂര്യൻ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൂര്യൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Нар – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A0" title="ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%81%9A%E1%80%B2" title="တ္ၚဲ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="တ္ၚဲ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target">ဘာသာမန်</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="सूर्य – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सूर्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%87%D3%B9_(%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8)" title="Кечӹ (астрономи) – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Кечӹ (астрономи)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matahari" title="Matahari – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Matahari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xemx" title="Xemx – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Xemx" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" title="Sol – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Sol" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1" title="နေ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နေ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Чи (пертпельксэнь вал) – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Чи (пертпельксэнь вал)" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="خارشید – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="خارشید" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sole" title="Sole – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Sole" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCnn" title="Sünn – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Sünn" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zunne" title="Zunne – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Zunne" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="सूर्य – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सूर्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83" title="सूर्द्यः – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सूर्द्यः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luo" title="Luo – 尼亚斯语" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Luo" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="尼亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zon" title="Zon – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sola" title="Sola – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sola" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solen" title="Solen – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Solen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sune" title="Sune – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Sune" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%95%DF%8B%DF%AC%DF%9F%DF%8B" title="ߕߋ߬ߟߋ – 西非书面文字" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߕߋ߬ߟߋ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="西非书面文字" class="interlanguage-link-target">ߒߞߏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol%C3%A9" title="Solé – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Solé" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3honaa%CA%BC%C3%A9%C3%AD" title="Jóhonaaʼéí – 纳瓦霍语" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Jóhonaaʼéí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="纳瓦霍语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzuwa" title="Dzuwa – 齐切瓦语" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Dzuwa" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="齐切瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soleu" title="Soleu – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Soleu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4iv%C3%A4ine" title="Päiväine – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Päiväine" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biiftuu" title="Biiftuu – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Biiftuu" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%82%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F" title="ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80" title="Хур – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хур" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C" title="ਸੂਰਜ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੂਰਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldo" title="Aldo – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Aldo" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solo" title="Solo – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Solo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solel" title="Solel – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Solel" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunn" title="Sunn – 賓夕法尼亞德文" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Sunn" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="賓夕法尼亞德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonne" title="Sonne – 普法爾茨德文" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Sonne" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="普法爾茨德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/San" title="San – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="San" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%82o%C5%84ce" title="Słońce – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Słońce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" title="Sol – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Sol" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="سورج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سورج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%89%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ήλος – 旁狄希臘文" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ήλος" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="旁狄希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1" title="لمر – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لمر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" title="Sol – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sol" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadaw" title="Qadaw – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="Qadaw" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pinayuanan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti" title="Inti – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Inti" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulegl" title="Sulegl – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Sulegl" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kham" title="Kham – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Kham" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soare" title="Soare – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Soare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soari" title="Soari – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Soari" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Слунко – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Слунко" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Руски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Солнце – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Солнце" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Сонце – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Сонце" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83" title="सूर्यः – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सूर्यः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BD_(%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81)" title="Күн (сулус) – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Күн (сулус)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A7_%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱥᱤᱧ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱤᱧ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sole" title="Sole – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Sole" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suli" title="Suli – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Suli" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun" title="Sun – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Sun" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AC" title="سج – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سج" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaivv%C3%A1%C5%A1" title="Beaivváš – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Beaivváš" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2" title="Lâ – 桑戈语" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Lâ" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="桑戈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sunce" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafukt" title="Tafukt – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tafukt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဝၼ်း – 掸语" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ဝၼ်း" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="掸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94" title="හිරු – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හිරු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun" title="Sun – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sun" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slnko" title="Slnko – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Slnko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="سورج – 色莱基语" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="سورج" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="色莱基语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonce" title="Sonce – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sonce" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/La" title="La – 萨摩亚语" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="La" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="萨摩亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%A4iv%C3%A1%C5%A1" title="Piäiváš – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Piäiváš" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuva" title="Zuva – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Zuva" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qorax" title="Qorax – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Qorax" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielli" title="Dielli – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dielli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Сунце – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сунце" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son" title="Son – 苏里南汤加语" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Son" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="苏里南汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunne" title="Sunne – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Sunne" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panonpo%C3%A9" title="Panonpoé – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Panonpoé" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solen" title="Solen – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Solen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jua" title="Jua – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jua" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%82%C5%8D%C5%84ce" title="Słōńce – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Słōńce" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/cilal" title="cilal – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="cilal" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9E%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81_(%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D)" title="ஞாயிறு (விண்மீன்) – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஞாயிறு (விண்மீன்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/wagi%27" title="wagi' – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="wagi'" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಸೂರ್ಯ – 圖盧文" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಸೂರ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="圖盧文" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%98%E1%A5%A6%E1%A5%96%E1%A5%B1" title="ᥘᥦᥖᥱ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥘᥦᥖᥱ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81" title="సూర్యుడు – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సూర్యుడు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%84%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Офтоб – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Офтоб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="ดวงอาทิตย์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดวงอาทิตย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%B8%E1%88%93%E1%8B%AD" title="ጸሓይ – 提格利尼亚语" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ጸሓይ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="提格利尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCn_(%C3%BDyldyz)" title="Gün (ýyldyz) – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gün (ýyldyz)" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araw_(astronomiya)" title="Araw (astronomiya) – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Araw (astronomiya)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%99%C5%A1i" title="Həši – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Həši" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/San" title="San – 托克皮辛语" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="San" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托克皮辛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCne%C5%9F" title="Güneş – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Güneş" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hido" title="Hido – 赛德克语" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Hido" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="赛德克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%88" title="Кояш – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кояш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuba" title="Zuba – 通布卡语" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Zuba" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="通布卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewia" title="Ewia – 契维语" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Ewia" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="契维语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D0%BD_(%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%81)" title="Хүн (сылдыс) – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Хүн (сылдыс)" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Шунды – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Шунды" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%87%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B4" title="قۇياش – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قۇياش" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Сонце – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сонце" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="سورج – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سورج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quyosh" title="Quyosh – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Quyosh" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%C5%82e" title="Sołe – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sołe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4iv%C3%A4ine" title="Päiväine – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Päiväine" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%B7t_Tr%E1%BB%9Di" title="Mặt Trời – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mặt Trời" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zunne" title="Zunne – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Zunne" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" title="Sol – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Sol" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solea" title="Solea – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Solea" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlaw_(astronomiya)" title="Adlaw (astronomiya) – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Adlaw (astronomiya)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jant" title="Jant – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Jant" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%A4%B4" title="日头 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="日头" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Нарн – 卡尔梅克语" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Нарн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡尔梅克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/UKat" title="UKat – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="UKat" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90" title="ბჟა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბჟა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9F" title="זון – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זון" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92r%C3%B9n" title="Òrùn – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Òrùn" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daengngoenz" title="Daengngoenz – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Daengngoenz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zunne" title="Zunne – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Zunne" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BC%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5" title="日 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="日" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%CC%8Dt-th%C3%A2u" title="Ji̍t-thâu – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ji̍t-thâu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD" title="太陽 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="太陽" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilanga" title="Ilanga – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ilanga" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q525#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c">条目</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t">讨论</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=show-download-screen">下载为PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p">打印页面</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sun" hreflang="en">维基共享资源</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5" hreflang="zh">维基语录</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q525" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g">维基数据项目</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-3132416c" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目可参照<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun" class="extiw" title="en:Sun">英語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充，此條目在對應語言版為高品質條目。 (2022年4月16日) 若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>，译文需<a 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td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">太陽<a href="/wiki/File:Sun_symbol_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="☉"><img alt="☉" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sun_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/24px-Sun_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sun_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/36px-Sun_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sun_symbol_%28bold%29.svg/48px-Sun_symbol_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Sun_in_white_light.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="White glowing ball" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/The_Sun_in_white_light.jpg/255px-The_Sun_in_white_light.jpg" decoding="async" width="255" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/The_Sun_in_white_light.jpg/383px-The_Sun_in_white_light.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/The_Sun_in_white_light.jpg/510px-The_Sun_in_white_light.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3379" data-file-height="3379" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">在2019年使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E6%BF%BE%E9%8F%A1#太陽濾鏡" title="天文濾鏡">太陽濾鏡</a>拍攝的<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E8%89%B2#全彩與假色" title="假色">真實色彩</a>的太陽。</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;">名稱</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">太陽、Sun、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%B0%94_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D)" title="索尔 (罗马神话)">Sol</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:英語國際音標">/ˈsɒl/</a><a href="#cite_note-OED-1">[1]</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E7%88%BE_(%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1)" title="蘇爾 (北歐神話)">Sól</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%88%A9%E6%AD%90%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="海利歐斯">Helios</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:英語國際音標">/ˈhiːliəs/</a><a href="#cite_note-Lexico-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;">形容詞</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">Solar <a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:英語國際音標">/ˈsoʊlər/</a><a href="#cite_note-OED2-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddd;;">觀測數據</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;">與地球的 平均距離</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7011149597870700000♠1 <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D" title="天文單位">AU</a> ≈ 7011149600000000000♠1.496×108 km<a href="#cite_note-Pitjeva2009-4">[4]</a> 以<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E9%80%9F" title="光速">光速</a>8分19秒</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E6%98%9F%E7%AD%89" class="mw-redirect" title="視星等">視亮度</a> (V)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">−26.74<a href="#cite_note-nssdc-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E5%B0%8D%E6%98%9F%E7%AD%89" title="絕對星等">絕對星等</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">4.83<a href="#cite_note-nssdc-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%85%89%E8%AD%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="恆星光譜">恆星分類</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">G2V<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E9%87%8F" title="金屬量">金屬量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">Z = 0.0122<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E7%9B%B4%E5%BE%91" title="角直徑">角直徑</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">31.6–32.7 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A7%E5%88%86" title="弧分">弧分</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> 0.527–0.545 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%A6_(%E8%A7%92)" title="度 (角)">度</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddd;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93" class="mw-disambig" title="軌道">軌道</a>特性</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;">與<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="銀河系">銀河系</a>核心的平均距離</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">≈7004266600000000000♠26,660 <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4" title="光年">光年</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E5%B9%B4" title="銀河年">銀河週期</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">(2.25–2.50)×108 <a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E7%95%A5%E5%B9%B4" title="儒略年">儒略年</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="速度">速度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">≈7005251000000000000♠251 km/s（繞銀河系中心運行） ≈ 7004200000000000000♠20 km/s（相對於恆星附近其他恆星的平均速度） ≈ 7005370000000000000♠370 km/s<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>（相對於<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A2%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF#CMBR_偶_極子_各向異性_(ℓ_=_1)" title="宇宙微波背景">宇宙微波背景</a>）</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddd;;">物理性質</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;">赤道的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%91" class="mw-redirect" title="半徑">半徑</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%91" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽半徑">695,700</a>公里<a href="#cite_note-IAU2015resB3-10">[10]</a>， 696,342公里<a href="#cite_note-arxiv1203_4898-11">[11]</a>， 7002109000000000000♠109 <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="地球半径">× 地球半徑</a><a href="#cite_note-sse-12">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;">赤道的<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E9%95%BF" title="周长">周長</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7009437900000000000♠4.379×106 km<a href="#cite_note-sse-12">[12]</a> 109 ×地球<a href="#cite_note-sse-12">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%81%E7%8E%87" title="扁率">扁率</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">6994900000000000000♠9×10−6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E7%A9%8D" title="表面積">表面積</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7018609000000000000♠6.09×1012 km2<a href="#cite_note-sse-12">[12]</a> 7004120000000000000♠12,000 ×地球<a href="#cite_note-sse-12">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E7%A9%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="體積">體積</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7027141000000000000♠1.41×1018 km3<a href="#cite_note-sse-12">[12]</a> 7006130000000000000♠1,300,000 × 地球</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="質量">質量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7030198850000000000♠1.9885×1030 kg<a href="#cite_note-nssdc-5">[5]</a> 7005332950000000000♠332,950 <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="地球质量">地球</a><a href="#cite_note-nssdc-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;">平均<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7003140800000000000♠1.408 g/cm3<a href="#cite_note-nssdc-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-sse-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> 6999255000000000000♠0.255 × 地球<a href="#cite_note-nssdc-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-sse-12">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;">中心<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a>（建模）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7005162200000000000♠162.2 g/cm3<a href="#cite_note-nssdc-5">[5]</a> 7001124000000000000♠12.4 ×地球</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;">赤道的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B" title="表面重力">表面重力</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7002274000000000000♠274 m/s2<a href="#cite_note-nssdc-5">[5]</a> 28 ×地球<a href="#cite_note-sse-12">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%89%E5%8B%95%E6%85%A3%E9%87%8F%E4%BF%82%E6%95%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="轉動慣量係數（页面不存在）">轉動慣量係數</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_of_inertia_factor" class="extiw" title="en:Moment of inertia factor">Moment of inertia factor</a>）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">6998700000000000000♠0.070<a href="#cite_note-nssdc-5">[5]</a>（估計）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%83%E9%80%B8%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="逃逸速度">逃逸速度</a> （從表面）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7005617700000000000♠617.7 km/s<a href="#cite_note-sse-12">[12]</a> 55 ×地球<a href="#cite_note-sse-12">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;">溫度</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">中心（建模）：7007157000000000000♠1.57×107 K<a href="#cite_note-nssdc-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%90%83%E5%B1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="光球层">光球層</a>（有效溫度）：7003577200000000000♠5,772 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="开尔文">K</a><a href="#cite_note-nssdc-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%86%95" class="mw-redirect" title="日冕">日冕</a>: ≈ 7006500000000000000♠5×106 K</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6" title="光度">光度</a>（Lsol）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7026382800000000000♠3.828×1026 <a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%89%B9" title="瓦特">W</a><a href="#cite_note-nssdc-5">[5]</a> ≈ 7028375000000000000♠3.75×1028 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumen_(unit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lumen (unit)（页面不存在）">lm</a> ≈ 7001980000000000000♠98 lm/W <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%95%88%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有效光度（页面不存在）">有效的</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8" title="色指數">色指數</a> (B-V)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0.63</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;">平均值<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84%E5%BA%A6" title="辐射度">輻射度</a> (Isol)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7007200900000000000♠2.009×107 W·m−2·sr−1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;">年齡</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">≈46億年（7017145164960000000♠4.6×109 <a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4" title="年">年</a>）<a href="#cite_note-Bonanno-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%90%83%E5%B1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="光球层">光球的</a>組成（按質量）</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>73.46% <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="氫">氫</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li><li>24.85% <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦</a></li><li>0.77% <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a></li><li>0.29% <a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳</a></li><li>0.16% <a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵">鐵</a></li><li>0.12% <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">氖</a></li><li>0.09% <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮</a></li><li>0.07% <a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="矽">矽</a></li><li>0.05% <a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%82" class="mw-redirect" title="鎂">鎂</a></li><li>0.04% <a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddd;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%89" class="mw-redirect" title="自轉">自轉</a>特性</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E8%BB%B8%E5%82%BE%E8%A7%92" title="轉軸傾角">傾角</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7.25°<a href="#cite_note-nssdc-5">[5]</a> （對<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="黃道">黃道</a>） 67.23° （對<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2" title="銀河平面">銀河平面</a>）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="赤經">赤經</a> 北極<a href="#cite_note-iau-iag-17">[17]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">286.13° 19 h 4 min 30 s</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E7%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="赤緯">赤緯</a> 北極</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">+63.87° 63° 52' N</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;">對恆星的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%AC" title="太阳自转">自轉週期</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">25.05日（赤道） 25.38日（緯度16°） 34.4日（極點）<a href="#cite_note-nssdc-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background: inherit;;">旋轉速度 （在赤道）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">7003199700000000000♠1.997 km/s<a href="#cite_note-sse-12">[12]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a>此条目页的主題是太阳系内的恒星。关于与「太阳」標題相近或相同的条目页，請見「<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="太陽 (消歧義)">太陽 (消歧義)</a>」。</div> 太陽是位於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽系">太陽系</a>中心的<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="恆星">恆星</a>。它是一個近乎完美的熱<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%BC%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="電漿">電漿</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%83_(%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6)" title="球 (数学)">理想球體</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a>，通過其核心的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88" class="mw-redirect" title="核融合">核融合</a>反應加熱到<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%86%BE" title="白熾">白熾</a>。太陽主要以<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89" title="光">可見光</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紫外線">紫外線</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紅外線">紅外線</a>的形式輻射<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="能量">能量</a>，是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>上<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命">生命</a>最重要的能量來源。 太陽的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%91" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽半徑">半徑</a>大約是 695,000公里（432,000英里），或地球半徑的109倍。它的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽質量">質量</a>大約是地球的330,000倍，約佔太陽系總質量的99.86%<a href="#cite_note-Woolfson00-20">[20]</a>。太陽的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="質量">質量</a>大約四分之三由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="氫">氫</a>（〜73%）組成；其餘的主要是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦</a>（〜25%），包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">氖</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵">鐵</a>等重元素，其數量要少得多<a href="#cite_note-basu2008-21">[21]</a>。 太陽是一顆<a href="/wiki/G%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="G型主序星">G型主序星</a>（G2V）。它的光實際上是白色的，因此非正式地，並不完全準確地稱為<a href="/wiki/G%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="G型主序星">黃矮星</a>。它大約形成於46億年前<a href="#cite_note-short-22">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bonanno-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Connelly2012-23">[22]</a>，來自大<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%B2" title="分子雲">分子雲</a>區域內物質的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%9D%8D%E7%BC%A9" title="引力坍缩">引力坍縮</a>。大部分物質聚集在中心，而其餘的則扁平成一個軌道盤面，演化<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E5%92%8C%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="太阳系的形成和演化">成為太陽系</a>。中心質量變得如此熾熱和密集，以至於它最終在其<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83" title="太陽核心">核心</a>啟動<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88" class="mw-redirect" title="核融合">核融合</a>。人們認為幾乎所有的恆星都是通過這個過程<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="恆星形成">形成</a>。 在太陽的核心，每秒鐘將大約6億噸氫融合成氦，並在此過程中將400萬噸<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E8%83%BD%E7%AD%89%E5%83%B9" title="質能等價">物質轉化為能量</a>。這種能量可能需要10,000到170,000年才能逃離核心，是太陽的光和熱的來源。當其核心的<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90#氫融合" title="恆星核合成">氫融合</a>減少到太陽不再處於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E9%AB%94%E9%9D%9C%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1" title="流體靜力平衡">流體靜力平衡</a>的點時，其核心將經歷密度和溫度的顯著增加，同時其外層膨脹，最終將太陽轉變為<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="紅巨星">紅巨星</a>。據推算，太陽將變得足夠大，可以吞噬<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%98%9F" title="水星">水星</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%98%9F" title="金星">金星</a>，並使地球無法居住。但這大約是五十億年後的狀況。在這之後，它將脫落其外層，裸露出核心，成為一種被稱為<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="白矮星">白矮星</a>的緻密恆星。雖然不再通過核融合產生能量，但仍會發光並散發出先前殘餘的熱量。 自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="史前時代">史前時代</a>以來，太陽對地球的巨大影響就已得到認可。太陽被某些文化視為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%A5%9E" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="太陽神">神</a>。地球的自轉及其圍繞太陽的軌道是一些<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽曆">太陽曆</a>的基礎。今天使用的主要<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="日曆">日曆</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="公曆">公曆</a>，它將基於16世紀觀察到的太陽運動作為實際運動的標準來解釋<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a>。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="詞源">詞源</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：詞源">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中文">中文</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：中文">编辑</a>]</div> 「太」即「大」。陽，高、明也<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="歐洲語言">歐洲語言</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：歐洲語言">编辑</a>]</div> 英語單詞“sun”是從<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古英語">古英語</a>sunne發展而來的。其他<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="日爾曼語族">日爾曼語族</a>中也出現了同源詞，包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西弗里斯蘭語">西弗里斯蘭語</a>（West Frisian，sinne）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>zon、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="低地德語">低地德語</a>Sünn、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="標準德語">標準德語</a>Sonne、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9-%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="奧地利-巴伐利亞語">巴伐利亞語</a>（Bavarian，Sunna）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古諾斯語</a>（Old Norse，Sunna）和<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="哥德語">哥德語</a>（Gothict，sunnō）。所有這些詞都源於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="原始日耳曼語">原始日耳曼語</a> *sunnōn<a href="#cite_note-BARNHART776-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Orel-27">[26]</a>。這最終與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="印歐語系">印歐語系</a>家族其它分支中的"太陽"一詞有關，儘管在大多數情況下會找到帶有“l”的主格詞幹，而不是“n”中的屬詞幹，例如在<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>sōl，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古希臘語">古希臘語</a> ἥλιος （hēlios），<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E5%A3%AB%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="威爾士語">Welsh</a> haul和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="捷克語">捷克語</a> slunce，以及（with *l > r）梵語स्वर （svár）和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波斯語">波斯語</a>خور‎（xvar）。事實上，“l”-詞幹在原始日耳曼語中也倖存下來，如*sōwelan，它產生了哥特語sauil（與sunnō 一起）和古挪威語平淡無奇的sól（與詩歌sunna一起），並通過它產生了現代斯堪的納維亞語言中的sun一詞：<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞典語">瑞典語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麥語">丹麥語</a> solen，<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="冰島語">冰島語</a> sólin等等<a href="#cite_note-Orel-27">[26]</a>。 英語中太陽（Sun）的主要形容詞是"sunny"，表示陽光，在技術環境中，solar（<a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:英語國際音標">/ˈsoʊlər/</a>）<a href="#cite_note-OED2-3">[3]</a>，源自拉丁語sol<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a>，後者在solar day（太陽日）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%A3%9F" title="日食">solar eclipse</a> （<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%A3%9F" title="日食">日食</a>）和Solar System（太陽系，有時是Sol system）等術語中存在。來自希臘語helios的罕見形容詞heliac（<a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:英語國際音標">/ˈhiːliæk/</a>）<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a>。在英語中，希臘語和拉丁語單詞<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%88%A9%E6%AD%90%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="海利歐斯">Helios</a>（<a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:英語國際音標">/ˈhiːliəs/</a>）和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%B0%94_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D)" title="索尔 (罗马神话)">Sol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:英語國際音標">/ˈsɒl/</a>)出現在詩歌中，作為太陽的化身<a href="#cite_note-Lexico-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-OED-1">[1]</a>，而在科幻小說中，「Sol」可能被用作太陽的名稱，已與其它的恆星區別。帶有小寫「s」的術語"<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%97%A5" title="火星日">sol</a>"被行星天文學家用於另一顆其它行星（如<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F" title="火星">火星</a>）上的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E6%97%A5" title="太阳日">太陽日</a>持續時間<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a>。 英語 <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E6%9C%9F%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%97%A5%E5%AD%90" title="星期中的日子">工作日名稱</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E6%9C%9F%E6%97%A5" title="星期日">Sunday</a> 源自古英語 Sunnandæg"sun's day"，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼德語解釋（页面不存在）">日耳曼德語解釋</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretatio_germanica" class="extiw" title="en:Interpretatio germanica">Interpretatio germanica</a>）為拉丁短語<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%EF%BC%88%E7%A5%9E%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="死亡（神）（页面不存在）">迪斯</a>sōlis，本身是古希臘語ἡμέρα ἡλίου的翻譯（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemera（页面不存在）">hēmera</a>hēliou）“太陽之日”<a href="#cite_note-BARNHART778-31">[30]</a>。太陽的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="天文符號">天文符號</a>是一個帶中心點的圓圈，<a href="/wiki/File:Sun_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="☉"><img alt="☉" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Sun_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/16px-Sun_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Sun_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/24px-Sun_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Sun_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/32px-Sun_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a>。它用於"M"☉（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽質量">太陽質量</a>），"R"☉（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%91" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽半徑">太陽半徑</a>）和"L"☉（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6" title="太陽光度">太陽光度</a>）。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="一般性質">一般性質</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：一般性質">编辑</a>]</div> 太陽是一顆<a href="/wiki/G%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="G型主序星">G型主序星</a>，約占太陽系質量的99.86%。太陽的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E5%B0%8D%E6%98%9F%E7%AD%89" title="絕對星等">絕對星等</a>為+4.83，估計比<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="銀河系">銀河系</a>中約85%的恆星亮，其中大部分是<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="紅矮星">紅矮星</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a>。太陽是<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E6%97%8F#第一星族星" title="星族">第一星族星</a>，或富含重元素的恆星<a href="#cite_note-zeilik-34">[33]</a>。太陽的形成可能是由附近一顆或多顆<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="超新星">超新星</a>的衝擊波引發的<a href="#cite_note-Falk-35">[34]</a>。這是由太陽系中高<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E8%B1%90%E5%BA%A6" title="化學元素豐度">豐度</a>的重元素提出的，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">鈾</a>；相對於重元素貧乏的恆星，即所謂的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E6%97%8F#第二星族星" title="星族">第二星族星</a>。重元素最有可能是由超新星期間的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E7%83%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="吸热">吸熱</a>核反應產生的，或者是由大質量的第二代恆星內的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%AC%97%E5%8F%98" title="核嬗变">核轉換</a>通過<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E6%8D%95%E7%8D%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="中子捕獲">中子吸收</a>產生的<a href="#cite_note-zeilik-34">[33]</a>。 太陽是迄今為止<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E4%BA%AE%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="恆星亮度列表">地球天空中最明亮的天體</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E6%98%9F%E7%AD%89" class="mw-redirect" title="視星等">視星等</a>為−26.74<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a>。這比下一顆最亮的恆星，視星等為-1.46的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E6%98%9F" title="天狼星">天狼星</a>亮約130億倍。 1<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D" title="天文單位">天文單位</a>（大約150,000,000公里；93,000,000英里）被定義為太陽中心到地球中心的平均距離，儘管隨著地球從1月3日左右的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%97%A5%E9%BB%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="近日點">近日點</a>移動到7月4日左右的<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A0%E6%97%A5%E9%BB%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="遠日點">遠日點</a>，距離會發生變化（約+/- 250萬公里或155萬英里）<a href="#cite_note-USNO-38">[37]</a>。距離可以在147,098,074公里（近日點）和152,097,701公里（遠日點）之間變化，極值可以從147,083,346公里到152,112,126公里<a href="#cite_note-Astropixels-39">[38]</a>。光從離開太陽表面到地球表面的平均光程距離約為8分20秒<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a>。這種<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%BD%E5%85%89" class="mw-redirect" title="陽光">陽光</a>的能量幾乎支持所有的生命<a href="#cite_note-41">[b]</a>，在地球上通過<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="光合作用">光合作用</a><a href="#cite_note-Simon2001-42">[40]</a>，並驅動<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="氣候">氣候</a>和天氣。 太陽沒有明確的邊界，但其密度隨著<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%90%83" title="光球">光球</a>上方高度的增加而呈指數級下降<a href="#cite_note-Beer_et_al,_2012-41-43">[41]</a>。為了量測的目的，太陽的半徑被認為是從其中心到<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%90%83" title="光球">光球</a>邊緣的距離，<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%90%83" title="光球">光球</a>是太陽的明顯可見表面<a href="#cite_note-Phillips1995-73-44">[42]</a>。按照這個尺度，太陽是一個近乎完美的球體，<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%81%E7%8E%87" title="扁率">扁率</a>估計為百萬分之九<a href="#cite_note-Godier-45">[43]</a>，這意味著它的極徑與赤道直徑僅相差10公里（6.2英里）<a href="#cite_note-perfect_sphere-46">[44]</a>。行星的潮汐效應很弱，對太陽的形狀沒有顯著影響<a href="#cite_note-Schutz2003-47">[45]</a>。太陽在赤道的自轉速度比在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%9A%84%E6%A5%B5" title="天體的極">兩極</a>的自轉速度快。這種<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%AC" title="太阳自转">差異自轉</a>是由熱傳輸引起的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81" title="對流">對流運動</a>和太陽自轉引起的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%B0%8F%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="科氏力">柯里奧利力</a>造成的。在恆星定義的參考系中，赤道的自轉週期約為25.6天，兩極的自轉週期約為33.5天。從地球繞太陽的公轉來看，太陽在赤道的「視自轉週期」約為28天<a href="#cite_note-Phillips1995-78-48">[46]</a>。從北極上方的有利位置看，太陽繞其自轉軸<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E6%99%82%E9%87%9D%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91" title="順時針方向">逆時針</a>旋轉<a href="#cite_note-spaceacademy-49">[47]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="組成">組成</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：組成">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="恆星分子">恆星分子</a></div> 太陽主要由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="氫">氫</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦</a>這兩種化學元素組成。在太陽生命的這個時候，它們在太陽<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%90%83" title="光球">光球</a>分別占質量的74.9%和23.8%<a href="#cite_note-lodders-50">[48]</a>。所有較重的元素，在天文學中被稱為「<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E9%87%8F" title="金屬量">金屬</a>」，占不到質量2%，其中氧（約占太陽質量的1%）、碳（0.3%）、氖（0.2%）和鐵（0.2%）最為豐富<a href="#cite_note-hkt2004-51">[49]</a>。 在太陽研究中，更常見的是用dex表示每種元素的豐度，這是一個縮放的對數單位。A（e） = 12+log10（ne/nH），其中「e」是所討論的元素，nH是10^12個氫原子。根據定義，氫的豐度為12，氦的豐度在大約10.3到10.5之間變化，這取決於太陽週期的相位<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a>，碳是8.47，氖是8.29，氧是7.69<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a>和鐵是7.62。 太陽最初的化學成分是從形成它的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%9B%E4%BB%8B%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="星際介質">星際介質</a>中繼承下來的。最初，它含有大約71.1%的氫、27.4%的氦和1.5%的重元素<a href="#cite_note-lodders-50">[48]</a>。太陽中的氫和大部分氦在宇宙的前20分鐘由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%88%9D%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="太初核合成">太初核合成</a>產生，而較重的元素在太陽形成之前是<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="恆星核合成">由前幾代恆星產生</a>，並在<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="恒星演化">恒星生命的最後階段</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="超新星">超新星</a>等事件中擴散到星際介質中<a href="#cite_note-hkt2004_78-54">[52]</a>。 自太陽形成以來，主要的融合過程包括將氫融合為氦。在過去的46億年裏，氦的數量及其在太陽內的位置逐漸發生了變化。在核心內，由於融合，氦的比例從約24%增加到約60%，一些氦和重元素由於<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="引力">引力</a>從光球層向太陽中心沉降。較重元素的比例保持不變。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E7%83%AD" title="传热">熱量</a>通過輻射而不是對流從太陽核心向外傳遞（見<a href="#輻射層">輻射層</a>），因此融合產物不會因熱量向外抬起；它們留在核心<a href="#cite_note-hkt2004_9.2.3-55">[53]</a>漸漸地，氦的內核已經開始形成，但無法融合，這是因為現時太陽的核心不够熱或密度不足以融合氦。在現時的光球中，氦的含量减少，<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E9%87%8F" title="金屬量">金屬量</a>僅為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" title="原恆星">原恆星</a>階段（核心核融合開始之前）的84%。未來，氦將繼續在核心中積累，在大約50億年後，這種逐漸積累最終將導致太陽離開<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E5%B8%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="主序帶">主序帶</a>並成為<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="紅巨星">紅巨星</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a>。 光球的化學成分通常被認為是原始太陽系成分的代表<a href="#cite_note-aller1968-57">[55]</a>。上述太陽重元素豐度通常是通過使用太陽光球的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E5%85%89%E8%AD%9C%E5%AD%B8" title="天體光譜學">光譜學</a>和量測從未被加熱到融化溫度的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%95%E7%9F%B3" title="隕石">隕石</a>中的豐度來量測的。這些隕石被認為保留了原恆星太陽的成分，因此不受重元素沉降的影響。這兩種方法得到的結果通常很一致<a href="#cite_note-basu2008-21">[21]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="結構和核融合">結構和核融合</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：結構和核融合">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="標準太陽模型">標準太陽模型</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sun_poster.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Sun_poster.svg/500px-Sun_poster.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Sun_poster.svg/750px-Sun_poster.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Sun_poster.svg/1000px-Sun_poster.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>用假色進行對比的太陽結構圖</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="核心">核心</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：核心">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83" title="太陽核心">太陽核心</a></div> 太陽的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83" title="太陽核心">太陽核心</a>從中心延伸到太陽半徑的20-25%左右<a href="#cite_note-Garcia2007-58">[56]</a>，其密度最高为 7005150000000000000♠150 g/cm3<a href="#cite_note-Basu-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-NASA1-60">[58]</a>（約為水密度的150倍）和接近1,570萬<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E6%BA%AB%E6%A8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="熱力學溫標">K</a>的溫度<a href="#cite_note-NASA1-60">[58]</a>。相比之下，太陽表面的溫度大約為7003580000000000000♠5800 K。最近對<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%9C%88%E6%8E%A2%E6%B8%AC%E5%99%A8" title="太陽和太陽圈探測器">SOHO</a>任務數據的分析表明，核心的自轉速度比上面的輻射層更快<a href="#cite_note-Garcia2007-58">[56]</a>。在太陽生命的大部分時間裏，能量都是通過<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90%E2%80%94%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90%E9%8F%88%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="質子—質子鏈反應">質子-質子鏈</a>在核心區域進行核融合產生的；這個過程將氫轉化為氦<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a>。現時，太陽產生的能量只有0.8%來自另一系列被稱為<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%B0%AE%E6%B0%A7%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="碳氮氧循環">碳氮氧循環</a>的融合反應，並且隨著太陽年齡的增長和亮度的提高，預期這一比例還會增加<a href="#cite_note-jpcs271_1_012031-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a>。 核心是太陽中唯一通過核融合產生大量<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E8%83%BD" title="热能">熱能</a>的區域；99%的能量產生於太陽半徑的24%以內，到了半徑的30%，核融合幾乎完全停止。太陽的其餘部分被這種能量加熱，因為它通過許多連續的層向外轉移，最終到達太陽光球層，在那裡它通過輻射（光子）或平流（大質量粒子）逃逸到太空<a href="#cite_note-Phillips1995-47-64">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zirker2002-15-65">[63]</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proton-proton_reaction_chain.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Proton-proton_reaction_chain.svg/220px-Proton-proton_reaction_chain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Proton-proton_reaction_chain.svg/330px-Proton-proton_reaction_chain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Proton-proton_reaction_chain.svg/440px-Proton-proton_reaction_chain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="704" /></a><figcaption>質子-質子反應鏈的圖解：由氫形成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%98" title="氘">氘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6-3" title="氦-3">氦-3</a>和常規的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6-4" title="氦-4">氦-4</a>。</figcaption></figure> 質子-質子鏈在核心中每秒發生約7037919999999999999♠9.2×1037次，每秒將約3.7×1038個質子轉化為<a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Α粒子">α粒子</a>s（氦核）（在太陽中總共約8.9×1056個自由質子），或約7011620000000000000♠6.2×1011 kg/s。然而，每個質子（平均）需要大約90億年才能使用PP鏈相互融合<a href="#cite_note-Phillips1995-47-64">[62]</a>。將四個自由的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90" title="質子">質子</a>（氫原子核）融合成單個α粒子（氦原子核）釋放約0.71185%的融合質量轉換為能量<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a>，因此，太陽以每秒426萬公噸的質量-能量轉換率釋放能量（這需要6億公噸的氫<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a>），即384.6<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6%E8%A9%9E%E9%A0%AD#中文相關" class="mw-redirect" title="國際單位制詞頭">佑瓦特</a>（7026384600000000000♠3.846×1026 W）<a href="#cite_note-nssdc-5">[5]</a>，或每秒9.192×1010<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8%E7%95%B6%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="爆炸當量">百萬噸的TNT</a>。太陽的大功率輸出主要是由於其核心的巨大尺寸和密度（與地球和地球上的物體相比），每<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E7%B1%B3" title="立方米">立方米</a>只能產生相當小的功率。太陽內部的理論模型表明，核心中心的最大功率密度或能量產生約為276.5<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%89%B9" title="瓦特">瓦特</a>秒/立方米<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a>，這與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%86%E8%82%A5" title="堆肥">堆肥</a>內部的功率密度大致相同<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a>。 堆芯中的核融合率處於自校正平衡：稍高的核融合率會導致堆芯升溫更多，<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E8%86%A8%E8%83%80" class="mw-redirect" title="热膨胀">膨脹</a>會稍微抵消外層的重量，從而降低密度，從而降低核融合率，並校正<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D%E5%8B%95" title="攝動">攝動</a>；而稍低的速率將導致堆芯稍微冷卻和收縮，從而增加密度並增加核融合速率，並再次使其恢復到現時的速率<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="輻射層">輻射層</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：輻射層">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84%E5%B1%A4" title="輻射層">輻射層</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heat_Transfer_in_Stars.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Heat_Transfer_in_Stars.svg/300px-Heat_Transfer_in_Stars.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Heat_Transfer_in_Stars.svg/450px-Heat_Transfer_in_Stars.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Heat_Transfer_in_Stars.svg/600px-Heat_Transfer_in_Stars.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="310" /></a><figcaption>這是不同恆星的內部結構圖。太陽是在中間的恆星，有一個在內部的輻射層和一個在其外的對流層</figcaption></figure> 輻射層是太陽最厚的一層，約占太陽半徑的0.45。從核心外圍到大約0.7<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%91" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽半徑">太陽半徑</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" title="熱輻射">熱輻射</a>是能量傳遞的主要手段<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-72">[70]</a>。隨著與核心距離的增加，溫度從大約700萬K下降到200萬K<a href="#cite_note-NASA1-60">[58]</a>。這個<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6%E6%A2%AF%E5%BA%A6" title="溫度梯度">溫度梯度</a>小於<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6%E7%9B%B4%E6%B8%9B%E7%8E%87" title="溫度直減率">絕熱衰减率</a>的值，因此不能驅動對流。這解釋了為什麼通過該區域的能量傳遞是通過<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="輻射">輻射</a>而不是熱對流<a href="#cite_note-NASA1-60">[58]</a>。氫和氦的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="離子">離子</a>發射光子，這些光子在被其它離子重新吸收之前只傳播很短的距離<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-72">[70]</a>。在0.25太陽半徑和0.7太陽半徑之間，即輻射區的頂部，密度下降了一百倍（從20克/釐米3到0.2克/釐米3）<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-72">[70]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="差旋層">差旋層</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：差旋層">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AE%E6%97%8B%E5%B1%A4" title="差旋層">差旋層</a></div> 輻射層和對流層被一個過渡的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AE%E6%97%8B%E5%B1%A4" title="差旋層">差旋層</a>分隔開。這是一個在均勻旋轉的輻射層和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="對流層">對流層</a>之間的差異旋轉，兩層在這種情況下的大<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AA%E6%87%89%E5%8A%9B" title="剪應力">剪應力</a>（流體），導致連續的水平層相互滑動的效應<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a>。現時，人們假設（參見<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F" title="太陽發電機">太陽發電機</a>），這一層中的磁發電機會產生太陽的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%A0%B4" title="磁場">磁場</a><a href="#cite_note-NASA1-60">[58]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="對流層">對流層</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：對流層">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="對流層">對流層</a></div> 太陽的對流層從0.7太陽半徑（500,000公里）延伸到接近表面附近。在這一層中，太陽電漿的密度或溫度不够高，無法通過輻射將內部的熱能向外傳遞。相對的，電漿的密度足够低，可以形成對流，並將太陽的能量向外移動到其表面。在差旋層加熱的物質會吸收熱量並膨脹，從而降低其密度並使其上升。因此，質量的有序運動發展成熱細胞，將大部分熱量向外輸送到上方的太陽光球。一旦物質在光球表面下擴散和輻射冷卻，其密度就會增加，並下沉到對流層的底部，在那裡它再次從輻射區的頂部吸收熱量，對流迴圈就會繼續。在光球層，溫度已降至5,700 K（350倍），密度僅為0.2 g/m3（約為海平面空氣密度的1/10,000，對流區內層的百萬分之一）<a href="#cite_note-NASA1-60">[58]</a>。 對流區的熱柱在太陽表面形成印記，使其在最小尺度上具有被稱為<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E7%B2%92%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="米粒組織">米粒組織</a>的顆粒狀外觀，在較大尺度上具有<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%B1%B3%E7%B2%92%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="超米粒組織">超米粒組織</a>的粒狀外觀。太陽外部的湍流對流維持著太陽內部近表面體積上「小規模」的發電機作用<a href="#cite_note-NASA1-60">[58]</a>。太陽的熱柱是<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%88%A9-%E8%B4%9D%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%E5%AF%B9%E6%B5%81" title="瑞利-贝纳德对流">瑞利-贝纳德对流</a>，形狀大致為六邊形稜鏡 <a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="光球">光球</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：光球">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%90%83" title="光球">光球</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Highest_resolution_photo_of_Sun_(NSF)_as_of_January_20,_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="瀰漫的電漿" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Highest_resolution_photo_of_Sun_%28NSF%29_as_of_January_20%2C_2020.jpg/220px-Highest_resolution_photo_of_Sun_%28NSF%29_as_of_January_20%2C_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Highest_resolution_photo_of_Sun_%28NSF%29_as_of_January_20%2C_2020.jpg/330px-Highest_resolution_photo_of_Sun_%28NSF%29_as_of_January_20%2C_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Highest_resolution_photo_of_Sun_%28NSF%29_as_of_January_20%2C_2020.jpg/440px-Highest_resolution_photo_of_Sun_%28NSF%29_as_of_January_20%2C_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7320" data-file-height="7320" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%95%E4%B8%8A%E5%BB%BA%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="井上建太陽望遠鏡">井上建太陽望遠鏡</a>（DKIST）拍攝的太陽表面高解析度影像</figcaption></figure> 太陽的可見表面，即光球，是太陽對可見光變得<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E9%80%8F%E6%98%8E%E5%BA%A6" title="不透明度">不透明</a>的表層<a href="#cite_note-Abhyankar1977-75">[73]</a>。這一層產生的光子通過其上方透明的太陽大氣層逃離太陽，成為太陽輻射，即陽光。不透明度的變化是由於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E9%98%B4%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="氢阴离子">H−離子</a>的數量減少，這些離子很容易吸收可見光<a href="#cite_note-Abhyankar1977-75">[73]</a>。相對的，我們看到的可見光是電子與氫原子反應產生H−離子時產生的<a href="#cite_note-Gibson-76">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shu-77">[75]</a>。 光球層厚數十至數百公里，其不透明性略低於地球上的空氣。由於光球的上部比下部更冷，太陽的影像在中心看起來比在太陽盤面的外緣或「邊緣」更亮，這種現象被稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E9%82%8A%E6%98%8F%E6%9A%97" title="周邊昏暗">周邊昏暗</a><a href="#cite_note-Abhyankar1977-75">[73]</a>。太陽光的光譜近似於<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E4%BD%93_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" title="黑体 (物理学)">黑體</a>在5,777 K（5,504 °C；9,939 °F）輻射的光譜，中間穿插著來自光球上方一層稀薄的原子<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E6%94%B6%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="吸收线">吸收線</a>。光球層的粒子密度為〜1023m−3（約為海平面單位體積<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="地球大氣層">地球大氣層</a>粒子數的0.37%）。光球沒有完全電離——電離程度約為3%，幾乎所有的氫都以原子形式存在<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a>。 在早期對光球<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E8%AD%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="光譜">光譜</a>的研究中，發現了一些與當時地球上已知的任何<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a>都不能對應的吸收線。1868年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E8%80%B6" title="约瑟夫·诺曼·洛克耶">約瑟夫·諾曼·洛克耶</a>假設這些吸收線是由一種新元素引起的，他以希臘太陽神<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%88%A9%E4%BF%84%E6%96%AF" title="赫利俄斯">Helios</a>的名字將其稱為「helium」。二十五年後，氦在地球上被分離出來<a href="#cite_note-Lockyer-79">[77]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="大氣層">大氣層</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：大氣層">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4" title="恆星大氣層">恆星大氣層</a></div> 太陽的大氣層由四部分組成：光球（正常情况下可見）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E7%90%83" title="色球">色球</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E5%8D%80" title="過渡區">過渡區</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%86%95" class="mw-redirect" title="日冕">日冕</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%9C%88" title="太陽圈">太陽圈</a>。在日全食期間，光球被阻擋，使得日冕可見<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="溫度極小區">溫度極小區</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：溫度極小區">编辑</a>]</div> 太陽最冷的一層是溫度最低的區域，延伸到光球上方約7005500000000000000♠500 km，溫度約為7003410000000000000♠4,100 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="开尔文">K</a><a href="#cite_note-Abhyankar1977-75">[73]</a>。太陽的這一部分足够冷，可以通過吸收光譜檢測到<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="一氧化碳">一氧化碳</a>和水等簡單分子的存在<a href="#cite_note-Solanki1994-81">[79]</a>。色球、過渡區和日冕比太陽表面熱得多<a href="#cite_note-Abhyankar1977-75">[73]</a>。原因尚不清楚，但有證據表明<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E6%B3%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾文波">阿爾文波</a>可能有足够的能量來加熱日冕<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:171879main_LimbFlareJan12_lg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/171879main_LimbFlareJan12_lg.jpg/220px-171879main_LimbFlareJan12_lg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/171879main_LimbFlareJan12_lg.jpg/330px-171879main_LimbFlareJan12_lg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/171879main_LimbFlareJan12_lg.jpg/440px-171879main_LimbFlareJan12_lg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="712" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%87%BA%E5%8F%B7%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="日出号卫星">日出號</a>的太陽光學望遠鏡拍攝的太陽過渡區。</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="色球">色球</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：色球">编辑</a>]</div> 在最低溫度層之上是厚約7006200000000000000♠2,000 km厚，由發射線和吸收線的光譜主導的一層<a href="#cite_note-Abhyankar1977-75">[73]</a>。它稱為「色球」，來自希臘語詞根「chroma」，意思是顏色，因為色球在日全食開始和結束時都是可見的彩色閃光<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-72">[70]</a>。色球的溫度隨著海拔高度的升高而逐漸升高，頂部附近的最高溫可達7004200000000000000♠20,000 K<a href="#cite_note-Abhyankar1977-75">[73]</a>。在色球的上部，部分的氦被<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E9%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="電離">電離</a><a href="#cite_note-Hansteen1997-83">[81]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="過渡區">過渡區</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：過渡區">编辑</a>]</div> 在色球上方，有一個薄的（約為7005200000000000000♠200 km）過渡區，溫度從色球上部附近的7004200000000000000♠20,000 K迅速上升到接近7006100000000000000♠1000000 K的日冕溫度<a href="#cite_note-Erdelyi2007-84">[82]</a>。氦在過渡區的完全電離促進了溫度的升高，這顯著减少了電漿的輻射冷卻<a href="#cite_note-Hansteen1997-83">[81]</a>。過渡區的出現沒有明確定義的海拔高度。相對的，它在的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%9D%E7%8B%80%E9%AB%94" title="針狀體">針狀體</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%8F%A5" title="日珥">絲狀體</a>等色球特徵周圍形成一種<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%88" title="暈">暈</a>（nimbus），並恒定處於混沌運動中<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-72">[70]</a>。過渡區從地球表面不容易看到，但通過對<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E6%B3%A2%E8%AD%9C" title="電磁波譜">光譜</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84" title="极紫外辐射">極紫外</a>部分敏感的儀器，可以很容易地從<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="太空">太空</a>觀察到<a href="#cite_note-Dwivedi2006-85">[83]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="日冕">日冕</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：日冕">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2017_Total_Solar_Eclipse_(35909952653).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/2017_Total_Solar_Eclipse_%2835909952653%29.jpg/220px-2017_Total_Solar_Eclipse_%2835909952653%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/2017_Total_Solar_Eclipse_%2835909952653%29.jpg/330px-2017_Total_Solar_Eclipse_%2835909952653%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/2017_Total_Solar_Eclipse_%2835909952653%29.jpg/440px-2017_Total_Solar_Eclipse_%2835909952653%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3186" data-file-height="2527" /></a><figcaption>在日全食時，在短暫的全食期間可以用肉眼看到日冕</figcaption></figure> 日冕是太陽大氣層的下一層。在太陽表面附近的低日冕，其粒子密度約為1015m−3至1016m−3<a href="#cite_note-Hansteen1997-83">[81]</a>。日冕和太陽風的平均溫度約為1,000,000–2,000,000 K；然而，在最熱的地區，溫度為8,000,000–20,000,000 K<a href="#cite_note-Erdelyi2007-84">[82]</a>。儘管現時還沒有完整的理論來解釋日冕的溫度，但已知至少有一部分熱量來自<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E9%87%8D%E8%81%94" title="磁重联">磁重聯</a><a href="#cite_note-Erdelyi2007-84">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-Russell2001-86">[84]</a>。 日冕是太陽的延伸大氣層，其體積遠大於太陽光球所包圍的體積。從太陽向外進入<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="太空">行星際空間</a>的電漿流是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%A2%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽風">太陽風</a><a href="#cite_note-Russell2001-86">[84]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="太陽圈">太陽圈</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：太陽圈">编辑</a>]</div> 太陽圈是太陽最外層的稀薄大氣層，充滿了太陽風電漿。太陽的最外層被定義為從太陽風的流動變得「超級阿爾文波」的距離開始，也就是說，在這個距離處，流動變得比阿爾文波的速度更快<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a>，這個距離在大約20個太陽半徑（0.1AU）處。太陽圈中的湍流和動力不會影響日冕的形狀，因為資訊只能以阿爾文波的速度傳播。太陽風在太陽圈持續地向外行進<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a>，將太陽磁場形成為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%9C%88%E9%9B%BB%E6%B5%81%E7%89%87" title="太陽圈電流片">派克螺旋</a>形狀<a href="#cite_note-Russell2001-86">[84]</a>，直到它衝擊到超過7012747989353500000♠50 AU遠的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%90%83%E5%B1%A4%E9%A0%82" title="日球層頂">太陽圈頂</a>。在2004年12月，<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E5%AE%B61%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="航海家1號">航海家1號</a>探測器穿過了一個被認為是太陽圈頂一部分的衝擊鋒<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a>。在2012末，航海家1號記錄到<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="宇宙射線">宇宙射線</a>碰撞的顯著增加，和來自太陽風的低能量粒子的急劇下降，這表明探測器已經穿過日球層頂並進入<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%9B%E4%BB%8B%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="星際介質">星際介質</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a>。事實上，在2012年8月25日，距離太陽約122個天文單位的位置上已經做到了這一點<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a>。由於太陽的運動，太陽圈有一個<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%90%83%E5%B1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="日球层">日球尾</a>，在它後面伸展<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a>。 2021年4月28日，美國國家航空暨太空總署的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BE%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%8E%A2%E6%B8%AC%E5%99%A8" title="派克太陽探測器">派克太陽探測器</a>在第八次飛越太陽時，在18.8太陽半徑處遇到了特定的磁場和粒子條件，這表明它穿透了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿爾文表面（页面不存在）">阿爾文表面</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfv%C3%A9n_surface" class="extiw" title="en:Alfvén surface">Alfvén surface</a>），這是將日冕與太陽風分隔開的邊界，定義為日冕電漿的阿爾文速度和大規模太陽風速相等<a href="#cite_note-touching-94">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-animation-95">[93]</a>。探測器用FIELDS和SWEAP儀器量測了太陽風電漿環境<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a>。美國國家航空暨太空總署將這一事件描述為「觸及太陽」<a href="#cite_note-touching-94">[92]</a>。在飛越過程中，派克太陽探測器多次進出日冕。這證明了阿爾文臨界表面的形狀不是光滑的球，而是有褶皺表面的波峰和波谷<a href="#cite_note-touching-94">[92]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="陽光和微中子">陽光和微中子</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：陽光和微中子">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%BD%E5%85%89" class="mw-redirect" title="陽光">陽光</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%BC%BB%E7%85%A7%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太陽輻照度（页面不存在）">太陽輻照度</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sun_in_fog_in_Lysekil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Sun_in_fog_in_Lysekil.jpg/220px-Sun_in_fog_in_Lysekil.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Sun_in_fog_in_Lysekil.jpg/330px-Sun_in_fog_in_Lysekil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Sun_in_fog_in_Lysekil.jpg/440px-Sun_in_fog_in_Lysekil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4133" data-file-height="2325" /></a><figcaption>透過薄霧看到的太陽</figcaption></figure> 太陽發出的光跨越<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%81%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="可见光谱">可見光譜</a>，因此當從太空觀察或當太陽在高空時，它的顏色是<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%89%B2" title="白色">白色</a>，<a href="/wiki/CIE_1931%E8%89%B2%E5%BD%A9%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" title="CIE 1931色彩空间">CIE</a>顏色空間指數接近（0.3，0.3）。從太空觀察時，各波長的太陽輻射在光譜的綠色部分達到峰值<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a>。當太陽在天空中的高度非常低時，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%A9%BA%E6%BC%AB%E5%B0%84" title="天空漫射">大氣散射</a>會使太陽呈現黃色、紅色、橙色或洋紅色，在極少數情况下甚至會使太陽呈<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E9%96%83%E5%85%89" title="綠閃光">綠色或藍色</a>。儘管它是典型的白色（白色的陽光、白色的環境光、月球的白色照明等），但一些文化在心理上認為太陽是黃色的，有些甚至是紅色的；造成這種情況的原因是文化上的，確切的原因是爭論的主題<a href="#cite_note-yellow_sun_paradox-99">[97]</a>。太陽是一顆<a href="/wiki/G%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="G型主序星">G2V</a>恆星，「G2」表示其<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%95%88%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" title="有效溫度">表面溫度</a>約為5,778 K（5,505 °C；9,941 °F），「V」表示它和大多數恆星一樣是一顆<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="主序星">主序</a>恆星<a href="#cite_note-Phillips1995-47-64">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a>。 <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B8" title="太陽常數">太陽常數</a>是直接暴露於太陽的陽光下的單位面積上沉積的能量。距離太陽一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D" title="天文單位">天文單位</a>（AU）的距離（即在地球上或附近），太陽常數大約等於1,368W/m2（瓦特/平方米）<a href="#cite_note-TSI-101">[99]</a>。地球表面的陽光功率是被<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="地球大氣層">大氣層</a>衰减的，因此當太陽接近<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%A0%82" title="天頂">天頂</a>時，在晴朗的條件下到達地球表面的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%87%8F" title="衰减">衰减</a>較小（接近1,000|u=W/m2）<a href="#cite_note-El-Sharkawi2005-102">[100]</a>。地球大氣層頂部的陽光（按總能量計算）由大約50%的紅外光、40%的可見光和10%的紫外光組成<a href="#cite_note-Solar_radiation-103">[101]</a>。大氣層尤其能過濾掉70%以上的太陽紫外線，尤其是在較短波長下<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a>。太陽<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紫外線">紫外線輻射</a>使地球白天的高層大氣電離，產生導電的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E9%9B%A2%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="電離層">電離層</a><a href="#cite_note-Phillips1995-105">[103]</a>。 來自太陽的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紫外線">紫外線</a>具有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E6%AF%92%E8%97%A5%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="消毒藥水">防腐</a>特性，可用於消毒工具和水。它也會導致<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%AC%E5%82%B7" title="曬傷">曬傷</a>，並具有其他生物效應，如產生<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%BB%96%E5%91%BDD" class="mw-redirect" title="維他命D">維他命D</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%AC%E9%BB%91" title="曬黑">曬黑</a>。它也是<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%86%9A%E7%99%8C" title="皮膚癌">皮膚癌</a>的主要原因。紫外線被地球的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="臭氧層">臭氧層</a>强烈衰减，因此紫外線的數量隨著<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AF%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="緯度">緯度</a>的變化而變化很大，並在一定程度上導致了許多生物適應，包括地球不同地區<a href="/wiki/%E8%86%9A%E8%89%B2" title="膚色">人類膚色</a>的變化<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a>。 <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Earth_to_Sun_-_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="150 million kilometers from Sun to Earth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Earth_to_Sun_-_en.png/300px-Earth_to_Sun_-_en.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Earth_to_Sun_-_en.png/450px-Earth_to_Sun_-_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Earth_to_Sun_-_en.png/600px-Earth_to_Sun_-_en.png 2x" data-file-width="841" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption>微中子和光子一旦離開太陽表面，就會以<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E9%80%9F" title="光速">光速</a>的速度傳播。</figcaption></figure> 核心的核融合反應最初釋放的高能<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="伽馬射線">伽馬射線</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子">光子</a>，通常只傳播幾毫米，幾乎立即被輻射區的太陽電漿吸收。再發射發生在一個隨機的方向上，且通常能量略低。通過這種發射和吸收序列，輻射到達太陽表面需要很長時間。據估計，光子旅行的時間在10,000到170,000年之間<a href="#cite_note-NASA-107">[105]</a>。相比之下，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="微中子">微中子</a>只需2.3秒就可以到達表面，它約占太陽總能量的2%。由於太陽中的能量傳輸是一個涉及光子與<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="物質">物質</a>處於<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="熱力學">熱力學</a>平衡的過程，因此太陽中能量傳輸的時間尺度更長，約為3,000,000年。如果太陽核心的能量產生率突然發生變化，這是太陽恢復穩定狀態所需的時間<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a>。 微中子也通過核心的核融合反應釋放，但與光子不同，它們很少與物質發生相互作用，因此幾乎所有微中子都能立即逃離太陽。多年來，對太陽產生的微中子數量的量測是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%BE%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽微中子問題">比理論預測的要低</a>，只有三分之一的量。2001年，通過發現<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E6%8C%AF%E7%9B%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="微中子振盪">微中子振盪</a>的影響，這種差異得到了解决：太陽發射的微中子數量與理論預測的數量相同，但微中子探測器卻缺少<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84583234">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>2⁄3，因為微中子在被探測到時已經改變了<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%B3_(%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8)" title="味 (粒子物理學)">味道</a><a href="#cite_note-Schlattl-109">[107]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="磁活動">磁活動</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：磁活動">编辑</a>]</div> 太陽表面有一個變化的<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E7%A3%81%E5%A0%B4" title="恆星磁場">恆星磁場</a>。它的極場是1—2<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%96%AF_(%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D)" class="mw-redirect" title="高斯 (單位)">高斯</a>（0.0001—0.0002<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89" class="mw-disambig" title="特斯拉">特斯拉</a>），而在太陽上被稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%BB%91%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽黑子">太陽黑子</a>的特徵中，極場通常是3,000高斯（0.3特斯拉），在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%8F%A5" title="日珥">日珥</a>中則是10—100高斯（0.001—0.01特斯拉）<a href="#cite_note-nssdc-5">[5]</a>。磁場隨時間和位置的變化而變化。準週期的11年<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F" title="太陽週期">太陽週期</a>是太陽黑子數量和大小增减的最顯著變化<a href="#cite_note-doi10.1146/annurev-astro-081913-040012-110">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zirker2002-119-111">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lang-112">[110]</a>。 太陽磁場遠遠超出了太陽本身。導電的太陽風電漿將太陽磁場帶入太空，形成所謂的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%9B%E7%A3%81%E5%A0%B4" title="行星際磁場">行星際磁場</a><a href="#cite_note-Russell2001-86">[84]</a>。在一種被稱為理想<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E6%B5%81%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="磁流体动力学">磁流體動力學</a>的近似中，電漿粒子只沿著磁力線移動。結果是，向外流動的太陽風將行星際磁場向外拉伸，迫使其形成大致徑向的結構。對於在太陽磁赤道兩側具有相反半球極性的簡單偶極太陽磁場，在太陽風中形成薄的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%9C%88%E9%9B%BB%E6%B5%81%E7%89%87" title="太陽圈電流片">電流片</a><a href="#cite_note-Russell2001-86">[84]</a>。 在很遠的距離上，太陽的自轉將偶極磁場和相應的電流片扭曲成一種被稱為派克螺旋的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7%E8%9E%BA%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="阿基米德螺線">阿基米德螺線</a>結構<a href="#cite_note-Russell2001-86">[84]</a>。行星際磁場比太陽磁場的偶極分量强得多。太陽50–400<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89_(%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D)" title="特斯拉 (单位)">μT</a>的偶極磁場（在光球）隨著距離的倒數而减小，導致地球距離處的預測磁場為0.1 nT。然而，根據太空船的觀測，地球所在位置的行星際場約為5 nT，大了約一百倍<a href="#cite_note-Wang2003-113">[111]</a>。這種差異是由於太陽周圍電漿中的電流產生磁場造成的。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="太陽黑子">太陽黑子</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：太陽黑子">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%BB%91%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽黑子">太陽黑子</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New-non-inv-large.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/New-non-inv-large.gif/220px-New-non-inv-large.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/New-non-inv-large.gif/330px-New-non-inv-large.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/New-non-inv-large.gif/440px-New-non-inv-large.gif 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="648" /></a><figcaption>業餘太陽望遠鏡使用Hα濾鏡拍攝的太陽黑子縮時攝影</figcaption></figure> 太陽黑子是太陽<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%90%83" title="光球">光球</a>上的暗斑，對應於磁場的強度。在磁場中，熱量從太陽內部到表面的對流傳輸受到抑制。結果是，太陽黑子比周圍的光球略冷，所以看起來很暗。在典型的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%A5%B5%E5%B0%8F%E6%9C%9F" title="太陽極小期">太陽極小期</a>，幾乎看不到太陽黑子，偶爾根本完全看不到；能看見的那些，都出現在太陽高緯度地區。隨著太陽週期向<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%A5%B5%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%9F" title="太陽極大期">極大期</a>發展，太陽黑子往往在靠近太陽赤道的地方形成；這一現象被稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E6%B3%A2%E5%8B%92%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="史波勒定律">史波勒定律</a>。最大的太陽黑子直徑可達數萬公里<a href="#cite_note-Sunspot2001-114">[112]</a>。 11年的太陽黑子週期是22年<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%A7%91%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="巴布科模型">巴布科</a>–雷頓<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F" title="太陽發電機">發電機</a>週期的一半，這對應於<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%92%B0%E5%BD%A2%E5%92%8C%E6%A5%B5%E5%90%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="環形和極向（页面不存在）">環形和極向</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toroidal_and_poloidal_coordinates" class="extiw" title="en:Toroidal and poloidal coordinates">Toroidal and poloidal coordinates</a>）太陽磁場之間的振盪能量交換。在太陽極大期時，外部極向偶極磁場接近其發電機週期最小强度，但通過差旋層內的差異自轉產生的內部<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%92%B0%E5%BD%A2%E5%92%8C%E6%A5%B5%E5%90%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="環形和極向（页面不存在）">環形</a>四極場接近其最大强度。在發電機週期的這一點上，對流區內的浮力上升流迫使環形磁場通過光球層出現，產生了成對的太陽黑子，大致排列在東西方向，並具有相反磁極的足迹。太陽黑子對的磁極在每個太陽週期交替出現，這一現象由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E7%88%BE%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海爾定律（页面不存在）">海爾定律</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hale%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Hale's law">Hale's law</a>）描述<a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-solarcycle-116">[114]</a>。 在太陽週期的衰退階段，能量從內部環形磁場轉移到外部極向磁場，太陽黑子的數量和大小都會减少。在太陽極小期時，環形場相應地處於最小强度，太陽黑子相對罕見，而極向場處於最大强度。隨著下一個11年太陽黑子週期的上升，差異自轉將磁能從極向場轉移回環形場，但其極性與前一個週期相反。這一過程持續進行，在理想化、簡化的場景中，每個11年的太陽黑子週期都對應著太陽大尺度磁場的整體極性的變化<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="太陽活動">太陽活動</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：太陽活動">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F" title="太陽週期">太陽週期</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%BB%91%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽黑子">太陽黑子</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="太陽週期表">太陽週期表</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solar-cycle-data.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Solar-cycle-data.png/220px-Solar-cycle-data.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Solar-cycle-data.png/330px-Solar-cycle-data.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Solar-cycle-data.png/440px-Solar-cycle-data.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="466" /></a><figcaption> 迄2005年以來，對前30年太陽週期變化的量測。</figcaption></figure> 太陽的磁場導致許多效應，這些效應統稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F" title="太陽週期">太陽活動</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%80%E6%96%91" title="耀斑">太陽閃焰</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%86%95%E5%B7%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%99%B4%E7%99%BC" title="日冕巨量噴發">日冕巨量噴發</a>往往發生在太陽黑子群中。緩慢變化的高速太陽風從光球表面的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%95%E6%B4%9E" title="冕洞">冕洞</a>發射出來。日冕巨量噴發和太陽風的高速流都將電漿和行星際磁場向外帶入太陽系<a href="#cite_note-Zirker2002-119">[117]</a>。太陽活動對地球的影響包括中高緯度的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%85%89" class="mw-redirect" title="極光">極光</a>以及無線電通信和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B" title="電力">電力</a>的中斷。太陽活動被認為在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E8%88%87%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽系的形成與演化">太陽系的形成與演化</a>中發揮了重要作用。 一些科學家認為，太陽黑子數量的長期長期變化與太陽輻照度的長期變化有關<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a>，這反過來可能會影響地球的長期氣候<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a>。太陽週期影響<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3" title="太空天氣">太空天氣</a>，包括地球周圍的條件。例如，在17世紀，太陽週期似乎已經完全停止了幾十年；在被稱為<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%E6%A5%B5%E5%B0%8F%E6%9C%9F" title="蒙德極小期">蒙德極小期</a>的時期，幾乎沒有觀測到太陽黑子。這正好與<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%86%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="小冰期">小冰期</a>的時代相吻合，當時歐洲經歷了異常寒冷的氣溫<a href="#cite_note-Lean-122">[120]</a>。早期的擴展極小值是通過對<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%91%E8%BD%AE%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E5%AD%A6" title="树轮年代学">樹環</a>的分析發現的，似乎與低於平均水準的全球氣溫相吻合<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a>。 2019年12月，觀測到一種新型的太陽磁爆炸，稱為強制<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E9%87%8D%E8%81%94" title="磁重联">磁重聯</a>。此前，在一個被稱為自發磁重聯的過程中，人們觀察到太陽磁力線爆炸性地發散，然後瞬間再次會聚。強制磁重聯也是類似的，但它是由日冕中的爆炸觸發<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunspot-number.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Sunspot-number.png/220px-Sunspot-number.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Sunspot-number.png/330px-Sunspot-number.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Sunspot-number.png/440px-Sunspot-number.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="875" /></a><figcaption>在過去大約250年觀測的太陽黑子數量，顯示出大約11年的太陽週期</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="可能的長週期">可能的長週期</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：可能的長週期">编辑</a>]</div> 最近有理論宣稱在太陽核心的磁性不穩定導致週期為41,000年或100,000年的變異。這可以對<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%B2%B3%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="冰河期">冰河期</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E8%98%AD%E7%A7%91%E7%B6%AD%E5%A5%87%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="米蘭科維奇循環">米蘭科維奇循環</a>提供更好的解釋<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生命階段">生命階段</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：生命階段">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E8%88%87%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽系的形成與演化">太陽系的形成與演化</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="恆星演化">恆星演化</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_life_cycle_of_a_Sun-like_star_(annotated).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/The_life_cycle_of_a_Sun-like_star_%28annotated%29.jpg/440px-The_life_cycle_of_a_Sun-like_star_%28annotated%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/The_life_cycle_of_a_Sun-like_star_%28annotated%29.jpg/660px-The_life_cycle_of_a_Sun-like_star_%28annotated%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/The_life_cycle_of_a_Sun-like_star_%28annotated%29.jpg/880px-The_life_cycle_of_a_Sun-like_star_%28annotated%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3800" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>類似太陽的恆星演化概述</figcaption></figure> 今天的太陽大約已經度過了它生命中最穩定部分的一半，40多億年來，它沒有發生巨大變化<a href="#cite_note-short-22">[a]</a>，在未來50多億年內將保持相當穩定。然而，在其核心的氫融合停止後，太陽將在內部和外部都發生巨大變化。它的質量比在5秒差距內其它75顆恆星中的71顆巨大<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a>，或是在前5%內。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="形成">形成</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：形成">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E8%88%87%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽系的形成與演化">太陽系的形成與演化</a></div> 太陽大約於46億年前，由一個主要由氫和氦組成的巨大<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%B2" title="分子雲">分子雲</a>的一部分坍塌而形成；這個分子雲可能還孕育了許多其它恆星<a href="#cite_note-Zirker2002-7-128">[126]</a>。這個年齡是使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="恆星演化">恆星演化</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F%E6%A8%A1%E6%93%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="計算機模擬">電腦模型</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%B7%A8%E5%B9%B4%E5%AD%B8" title="核宇宙編年學">核宇宙編年學</a>估計的<a href="#cite_note-Bonanno-14">[14]</a>。這一結果與最古老的太陽系物質的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%AE%9A%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95" title="放射性定年法">輻射定年</a>一致，即45.67億年前<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-nature436-130">[128]</a>。對古代<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%95%E7%9F%B3" title="隕石">隕石</a>的研究揭示了穩定的短半衰期同位素子核的痕迹，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5-60" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵-60">鐵-60</a>，這些子核只在爆炸的短壽命恆星中形成。這表明在太陽形成的位置附近一定發生過一顆或多顆<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="超新星">超新星</a>的爆炸。來自附近超新星的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E6%B3%A2" title="激波">衝擊波</a>會通過壓縮分子雲中的物質並導致某些區域在自身引力下坍塌，從而觸發太陽的形成<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a>。當分子雲的一個碎片坍塌時，由於<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E5%8A%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%AE%88%E6%81%92" class="mw-redirect" title="角动量守恒">角動量守恒</a>，它也開始旋轉，並隨著壓力的增加而升溫<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a>。大部分質量集中在中心，而其餘的則扁平成一個圓盤，成為行星和太陽系的其它天體<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a>。因為它從周圍的圓盤中積累了更多的物質，雲層核心的重力和壓力產生了大量熱量，最終引發了<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="恆星核合成">核融合</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a>。 恆星<a href="/wiki/HD_162826" title="HD 162826">HD 162826</a>和<a href="/wiki/HD_186302" title="HD 186302">HD 186302</a>與太陽有相似之處，因此被假設為形成於同一分子雲中的恆星兄弟<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="主序帶">主序帶</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：主序帶">编辑</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Evolution_of_a_Sun-like_star.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Evolution_of_a_Sun-like_star.svg/300px-Evolution_of_a_Sun-like_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Evolution_of_a_Sun-like_star.svg/450px-Evolution_of_a_Sun-like_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Evolution_of_a_Sun-like_star.svg/600px-Evolution_of_a_Sun-like_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>類太陽恆星的演化。顯示一顆太陽質量恆星在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%AB-%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赫-羅圖（页面不存在）">赫-羅圖</a>上，從離開主序帶到後漸近巨星分支階段的軌跡。</figcaption></figure> 太陽正處於主序階段的一半，在此期間，其核心的核融合反應將氫融合為氦。每秒鐘，超過400萬<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="噸">噸</a>的物質在太陽核心內轉化為能量，產生<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="微中子">微中子</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%BC%BB%E7%85%A7%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太陽輻照度（页面不存在）">太陽輻射</a>。按照這個速度，到目前為止，太陽已經將大約100倍地球質量轉化為能量，約占太陽總質量的0.03%。在太陽成為<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="紅巨星">紅巨星</a>階段之前，太陽做為主序星總共將花費大約100億至110億年的時間<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a>。根據2022年<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%8B%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99" class="mw-redirect" title="蓋亞任務">歐洲太空總署的蓋亞觀測任務</a>，在80億年大關時，太陽將處於最熱點<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a>。 太陽的核心逐漸變得更熱，表面越來越熱，半徑越來越大，在主序列上的時間裏也越來越亮：自其主序生命開始以來，它的半徑擴大了15%，表面溫度從5,620 K（5,350 °C；9,660 °F）上升到5,772 K（5,499 °C；9,930 °F）<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a>，導致光度從0.677<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6" title="太陽光度">太陽光度</a>上升到現在的1.0太陽光度，增加了48%。這是因為核心中的氦原子的平均<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="分子量">分子量</a>高於熔化的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="氫原子">氫原子</a>，從而導致較低的熱壓力。因此，核心正在收縮，使太陽的外層向中心靠近，釋放出<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%8A%BF%E8%83%BD" title="引力势能">引力勢能</a>。根據<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="維里定理">維里定理</a>，釋放的引力能有一半用於加熱，這導致核融合發生的速率逐漸增加，從而亮度增加。隨著核芯逐漸變密，這個過程也加快了<a href="#cite_note-carroll_ostlie-141">[139]</a>。現時，它的亮度每1億年新增約1%。從現在起，至少需要10億年的時間才能耗盡地球上的液態水<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a>。在那之後，地球將不再能够支持複雜的多細胞生命，地球上僅存的多細胞生物最後將遭受<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4%E6%BB%85%E7%B5%95" class="mw-redirect" title="生物集群滅絕">徹底滅絕</a><a href="#cite_note-Snyder-BeattieAndBonsall2022-143">[141]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="核芯氫氣耗盡後">核芯氫氣耗盡後</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：核芯氫氣耗盡後">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sun_red_giant.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sun_red_giant.svg/220px-Sun_red_giant.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sun_red_giant.svg/330px-Sun_red_giant.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sun_red_giant.svg/440px-Sun_red_giant.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="646" /></a><figcaption>當前太陽的大小（現在在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="主序星">主序列</a>中）與未來紅巨星階段的估計大小相比</figcaption></figure> 太陽沒有足够的質量爆炸成為<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="超新星">超新星</a>。相對的，當它在大約50億年後耗盡核心中的氫時，核心的氫融合將停止，並且沒有什麼可以阻止核心收縮。引力勢能的釋放將導致太陽的光度增加，結束主序帶階段，並導致太陽在未來十億年內膨脹：首先變成<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="次巨星">次巨星</a>，然後變成<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="紅巨星">紅巨星</a><a href="#cite_note-carroll_ostlie-141">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-schroder-145">[143]</a>。引力收縮引起的加熱也將導致核心外的殼層中的氫融合。那裡保留著未融合的氫，有助於增加光度，最終將達到目前亮度的1000倍以上<a href="#cite_note-carroll_ostlie-141">[139]</a>。當太陽進入其<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="紅巨星分支">紅巨星分支</a>（RGB）階段時，它將吞沒水星和金星（可能），達到大約 0.75 AU（110 × 106 km；70 × 106 mi）<a href="#cite_note-schroder-145">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-sackmann-146">[144]</a>。太陽將在RGB中度過大約十億年，並失去大約三分之一的質量<a href="#cite_note-schroder-145">[143]</a>。 在紅巨星分支之後，太陽還剩下大約12,000萬年的活躍生命，但發生了很多事情。首先，核心（充滿<a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E4%BD%B5%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="簡併物質">簡併</a>氦）在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6%E9%96%83" title="氦閃">氦閃</a>中猛烈點燃；據估計，6%的核心 - 本身是太陽質量的40% - 將通過<a href="/wiki/3%E6%B0%A6%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="3氦過程">3氦過程</a>在幾分鐘內轉化為碳<a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a>。然後太陽縮小到目前大小的1/10左右，光度的50倍，而溫度比現在低一點。然後它將到達<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%BE%A4%E8%81%9A" title="紅群聚">紅群聚</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%B9%B3%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="水平分支">水平分支</a>，但太陽<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E9%87%8F" title="金屬量">金屬量</a>的恆星不會沿著水平分支向藍色演變。相反的，因為它繼續在核心中與氦反應，它只是在大約1億年內適度變得更大，更明亮<a href="#cite_note-schroder-145">[143]</a>。 當氦耗盡時，太陽將重複核心中的氫耗盡時所遵循的膨脹。然而，這一次，這一切都發生得更快，太陽變得更大更亮，如果之前沒有吞噬金星，這時也會被席捲金星。這是<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%B8%E8%BF%91%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="漸近巨星分支">漸近巨星分支</a>階段，太陽交替融合殼層中的氫或更深殼中的氦。在早期漸近巨星分支上大約2,000萬年後，太陽變得越來越不穩定，質量迅速損失，每10萬年左右會有幾百年因為<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%B8%E8%BF%91%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F%E6%94%AF#後期熱脈衝" title="漸近巨星支">熱脈衝</a>導致大小和光度增加。熱脈衝每次都變得更大，後來的脈衝將光度推到目前水準的5,000倍，半徑超過1 AU（150 × 106 km；93 × 106 mi）<a href="#cite_note-agb-148">[146]</a>。 根據2008年的模型，由於太陽成為紅巨星的質量損失，地球的軌道最多會從最初的擴大1.5 AU（220 × 106 km；140 × 106 mi）。然而，由於<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%90%E5%8A%9B" title="潮汐力">潮汐力</a>（最終從較低的色球拖曳），地球的軌道稍後將開始縮小，因此在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F%E6%94%AF%E5%B0%96" title="紅巨星支尖">紅巨星分支的尖端</a>階段，在水星和金星分別遭受了同樣的命運的3.8和100萬年後被太陽吞沒。模型因質量損失的速度和時間而異。在紅巨星分支上具有較高質量損失的模型，在漸近巨星分支的頂端產生質量更小，亮度較低的恆星，可能光度只有2,000倍，半徑不到200倍<a href="#cite_note-schroder-145">[143]</a>。對太陽來說，在它完全失去外殼並開始形成<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%8B%80%E6%98%9F%E9%9B%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="行星狀星雲">行星狀星雲</a>之前，預測有四個熱脈衝。到這個階段結束時 - 持續大約50萬年 - 太陽將只有目前質量的一半左右。 漸近巨分支的後期演化甚至更快。隨著溫度的升高，光度保持大致恆定，當暴露的核心到達30,000 K（29,700 °C；53,500 °F）時，太陽質量的一半被電離成<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%8B%80%E6%98%9F%E9%9B%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="行星狀星雲">行星狀星雲</a>，好像它處於一種<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E8%BF%B4%E5%9C%88" title="藍迴圈">藍迴圈</a>。最後的裸核，一顆<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="白矮星">白矮星</a>，溫度將超過100,000 K（100,000 °C；180,000 °F），估計包含太陽目前質量的54.05%<a href="#cite_note-schroder-145">[143]</a>。行星狀星雲將在大約1萬年後消散，但白矮星將存活數萬億年，然後逐漸消失為假設的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="黑矮星">黑矮星</a><a href="#cite_note-bloecker1-149">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-bloecker2-150">[148]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="運動和位置">運動和位置</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：運動和位置">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="太陽系">太陽系</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：太陽系">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽系">太陽系</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solar_System_true_color.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="see caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Solar_System_true_color.jpg/300px-Solar_System_true_color.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Solar_System_true_color.jpg/450px-Solar_System_true_color.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Solar_System_true_color.jpg/600px-Solar_System_true_color.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>太陽系，太陽和行星的大小依比例呈現。類地行星在右邊，氣態和冰巨行星在左邊</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Motion_of_Sun,_Earth_and_Moon_around_the_Milky_Way.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Motion_of_Sun%2C_Earth_and_Moon_around_the_Milky_Way.jpg/220px-Motion_of_Sun%2C_Earth_and_Moon_around_the_Milky_Way.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Motion_of_Sun%2C_Earth_and_Moon_around_the_Milky_Way.jpg/330px-Motion_of_Sun%2C_Earth_and_Moon_around_the_Milky_Way.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Motion_of_Sun%2C_Earth_and_Moon_around_the_Milky_Way.jpg/440px-Motion_of_Sun%2C_Earth_and_Moon_around_the_Milky_Way.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1779" data-file-height="1334" /></a><figcaption>太陽、地球和月球運動的方向</figcaption></figure> 太陽有八顆已知的行星圍繞它運行。這包括四顆<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="類地行星">類地行星</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%98%9F" title="水星">水星</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%98%9F" title="金星">金星</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F" title="火星">火星</a>），兩顆<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E6%85%8B%E5%B7%A8%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="氣態巨行星">氣態巨行星</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F" title="木星">木星</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" title="土星">土星</a>）和兩顆<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%A8%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="冰巨行星">冰巨行星</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F" title="天王星">天王星</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F" title="海王星">海王星</a>）。太陽系還有九顆通常被認為是<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AE%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="矮行星">矮行星</a>的天體和更多的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AE%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E5%80%99%E9%81%B8%E8%80%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="矮行星候選者列表">候選者</a>，一個<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E5%B8%B6" title="主小行星帶">主小行星帶</a>，許多<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%97%E6%98%9F" title="彗星">彗星</a>，以及大量位於海王星軌道之外的冰體。其中六顆行星和許多較小的天體也有自己的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="天然衛星">天然衛星</a>：特別是木星，土星和天王星的衛星系統在某些方面類似於太陽系統的微型版本<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="太陽系中的運動">太陽系中的運動</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：太陽系中的運動">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solar_system_barycenter.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Solar_system_barycenter.svg/400px-Solar_system_barycenter.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="397" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Solar_system_barycenter.svg/600px-Solar_system_barycenter.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Solar_system_barycenter.svg/800px-Solar_system_barycenter.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="459" /></a><figcaption>太陽系的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%BF%83" title="質心">質心</a>相對於太陽的視運動：實際上是太陽在運動。</figcaption></figure> 太陽被行星的引力所移動。太陽的中心總是在太陽系質心的2.2太陽半徑內。太陽的這種運動主要是由於木星、土星、天王星和海王星。在幾十年的某些時期，運動是相當有規律的，形成<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E8%91%89%E5%BD%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三葉形（页面不存在）">三葉形</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trefoil" class="extiw" title="en:Trefoil">Trefoil</a>）模式，而在這些時期之間，它看起來更混亂<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a>。179年後（木星和土星的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="轨道周期">會合週期</a>的九倍），這種模式或多或少地重複，但旋轉了約24°<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a>。包括地球在內的內行星的軌道同樣被相同的引力所取代，因此太陽的運動對地球和太陽的相對位置或太陽在地球上的輻照度作為時間的函數幾乎沒有影響<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a>。 <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="鄰域天體">鄰域天體</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：鄰域天體">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Local_Interstellar_Clouds_with_motion_arrows.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Local_Interstellar_Clouds_with_motion_arrows.jpg/300px-Local_Interstellar_Clouds_with_motion_arrows.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Local_Interstellar_Clouds_with_motion_arrows.jpg/450px-Local_Interstellar_Clouds_with_motion_arrows.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Local_Interstellar_Clouds_with_motion_arrows.jpg/600px-Local_Interstellar_Clouds_with_motion_arrows.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>太陽圈之外是星際介質，由各種氣體雲組成。太陽系目前穿過<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%9B%E9%9B%B2" title="本地星際雲">本地星際雲</a>，這裏顯示的是鄰近的雲和兩顆最近的獨立可見恆星</figcaption></figure> 太陽系被<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%9B%E9%9B%B2" title="本地星際雲">本地星際雲</a>包圍，儘管目前尚不清楚它是否嵌入本地星際雲中，或者它是否位於雲的邊緣之外<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-156">[154]</a>。在距離太陽300光年以內的區域內也存在多個其他<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%9B%E9%9B%B2" title="星際雲">星際雲</a>，稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%B3%A1" title="本地泡">本地泡</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-156">[154]</a>。後一個特徵是星際介質中大約300光年的沙漏狀空腔或<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%B4%9A%E6%B0%A3%E6%B3%A1" title="超級氣泡">超級氣泡</a>。氣泡中充滿了高溫電漿，這表明它可能是最近幾次超新星的產物<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a>。 本地泡是一個小的超級氣泡，與鄰近的更寬的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%AB%E6%B3%A2" title="拉德克利夫波">拉德克利夫波</a>和“分裂”線性結構（以前稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%E5%B8%B6" title="古爾德帶">古爾德帶</a>）相比，每個長度都有數千光年<a href="#cite_note-Alves_Zucker_Goodman_Speagle_2020-158">[156]</a>。所有這些結構都是<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E6%88%B6%E8%87%82" title="獵戶臂">獵戶臂</a>的一部分，它包含了銀河系中肉眼可見的大部分恆星。局部鄰域中所有物質的密度為7029192889350000000♠0.097±0.013 <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="太阳质量">M☉</a>·pc−3<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a>。 <a href="/wiki/%E9%84%B0%E8%BF%91%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="鄰近恆星列表">在距離太陽十光年以內</a>的恆星相對較少，最近的是三合星系統<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%96%80%E4%BA%8C" title="南門二">南門二</a>，距離地球約4.2光年，可能位於本地氣泡的<a href="/wiki/G%E9%9B%B2" title="G雲">G雲</a>中<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a>。南門二A和B是一對緊密結合的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" title="類太陽恆星">類太陽恆星</a>，而離地球最近的恆星<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="紅矮星">紅矮星</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E9%84%B0%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="比鄰星">比鄰星</a>，以0.2光年的距離繞著這對恆星運行。2016年，一顆潛在的適居<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%96%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="系外行星">系外行星</a>被發現繞著比鄰星運行，稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E9%84%B0%E6%98%9Fb" title="比鄰星b">比鄰星b</a>，這是被確認離太陽最近的系外行星<a href="#cite_note-proxima_b_discovery_paper-161">[159]</a>。 已知距離太陽最近的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88%E9%AB%94" title="核融合體">核融合體</a>是紅矮星<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%B4%8D%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%9F" title="巴納德星">巴納德星</a>（5.9光年），<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%A4%AB359" title="沃夫359">沃夫359</a>（7.8光年）和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%98%AD%E5%BE%B721185" title="拉蘭德21185">拉蘭德21185</a>（8.3 光年）<a href="#cite_note-RECONS-162">[160]</a>。最近的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="棕矮星">棕矮星</a>屬於雙星<a href="/wiki/WISE_1049-5319" title="WISE 1049-5319">盧曼16</a>系統（6.6光年），而已知最接近的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="星際行星">星際</a>或自由漂浮的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94" title="行星質量天體">行星質量天體</a>，質量小於10木星質量的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="次棕矮星">次棕矮星</a><a href="/wiki/WISE_0855%E2%80%930714" title="WISE 0855–0714">WISE 0855–0714</a>（7.4光年）<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a>。 在8.6光年外的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E6%98%9F" title="天狼星">天狼星</a>，是地球<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9C%E7%A9%BA" title="夜空">夜空</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E4%BA%AE%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="恆星亮度列表">最亮的恆星</a>，質量大約是太陽的兩倍，有離地球最近的<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="白矮星">白矮星</a>天狼星B繞行著。十光年以內的其它恆星還有聯星系統的紅矮星<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E5%9D%A6726-8" title="魯坦726-8">魯坦726-8</a>（8.7光年）和孤獨的紅矮星<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF154" title="羅斯154">羅斯154</a>（9.7光年）<a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a>。離太陽系最近的類太陽恆星是11.9光年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%80%89%E4%BA%94" title="天倉五">天倉五</a>（鯨魚座τ）。它的質量大約是太陽的80%，但光度只有太陽的一半左右<a href="#cite_note-aaa494-166">[164]</a>。 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%84%B0%E8%BF%91%E7%9A%84%E6%98%9F%E5%8D%94%E5%92%8C%E7%A7%BB%E5%8B%95%E6%98%9F%E7%BE%A4%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鄰近的星協和移動星群列表（页面不存在）">最近</a>和肉眼直接可見的恆星群是距離大約80光年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%86%8A%E5%BA%A7%E7%A7%BB%E5%8B%95%E6%98%9F%E7%BE%A4" title="大熊座移動星群">大熊座移動星群</a>，它位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%B3%A1" title="本地泡">本地泡</a>內，以及一樣肉眼可見，位於其邊緣的<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%A2%E5%AE%BF%E6%98%9F%E5%9C%98" title="畢宿星團">畢宿星團</a>。最近的恆星形成區是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E5%86%95%E5%BA%A7%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南冕座分子雲（页面不存在）">南冕座分子雲</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_Australis#Corona_Australis_Molecular_Cloud" class="extiw" title="en:Corona Australis">Corona Australis#Corona Australis Molecular Cloud</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%87%E5%A4%AB%E5%BA%A7%CF%81%E6%98%9F%E4%BA%91%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E4%BD%93" title="蛇夫座ρ星云复合体">蛇夫座ρ星雲複合體</a>和位於本地泡沫之外，是拉德克利夫波一部分的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%89%9B%E5%BA%A7%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%B2" title="金牛座分子雲">金牛座分子雲</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="在銀河系的軌道">在銀河系的軌道</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节：在銀河系的軌道">编辑</a>]</div> 太陽繞著銀河系的中心運行，目前正朝著<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%B5%9D%E5%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="天鵝座">天鵝座</a>座的方向移動。星系中恆星運動的簡單模型給出了<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E9%81%93%E5%9D%90%E6%A8%99%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="銀道坐標系">銀道坐標系</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r58896141">.mw-parser-output .serif{font-family:Times,serif}</style>X、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141">Y和<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141">Z作為： <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X(t)=X(0)+{\frac {U(0)}{\kappa }}\sin(\kappa t)+{\frac {V(0)}{2B}}(1-\cos(\kappa t))}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>U</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>κ</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>κ</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>κ</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X(t)=X(0)+{\frac {U(0)}{\kappa }}\sin(\kappa t)+{\frac {V(0)}{2B}}(1-\cos(\kappa t))}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e6f3388c8ce46569b570dab7fd7b2e6c209c4f30" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:49.687ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X(t)=X(0)+{\frac {U(0)}{\kappa }}\sin(\kappa t)+{\frac {V(0)}{2B}}(1-\cos(\kappa t))}"></dd> <dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Y(t)=Y(0)+2A\left(X(0)+{\frac {V(0)}{2B}}\right)t-{\frac {\Omega _{0}}{B\kappa }}V(0)\sin(\kappa t)+{\frac {2\Omega _{0}}{\kappa ^{2}}}U(0)(1-\cos(\kappa t))}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>Y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>Y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mi>B</mi> <mi>κ</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>V</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>κ</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msup> <mi>κ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>U</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>κ</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Y(t)=Y(0)+2A\left(X(0)+{\frac {V(0)}{2B}}\right)t-{\frac {\Omega _{0}}{B\kappa }}V(0)\sin(\kappa t)+{\frac {2\Omega _{0}}{\kappa ^{2}}}U(0)(1-\cos(\kappa t))}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/be8896f742d4527045253ef13f7a77e0bcc23c33" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:80.44ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Y(t)=Y(0)+2A\left(X(0)+{\frac {V(0)}{2B}}\right)t-{\frac {\Omega _{0}}{B\kappa }}V(0)\sin(\kappa t)+{\frac {2\Omega _{0}}{\kappa ^{2}}}U(0)(1-\cos(\kappa t))}"></dd> <dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Z(t)={\frac {W(0)}{\nu }}\sin(\nu t)+Z(0)\cos(\nu t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>Z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>W</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>ν</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ν</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>Z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ν</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Z(t)={\frac {W(0)}{\nu }}\sin(\nu t)+Z(0)\cos(\nu t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e64672688b472726b120195b2fbf23871e1879e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:35.666ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Z(t)={\frac {W(0)}{\nu }}\sin(\nu t)+Z(0)\cos(\nu t)}"></dd></dl> 其中<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141">U、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141">V和<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141">W是相對於<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E9%9D%9C%E6%AD%A2%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96" title="本地靜止標準">本地靜止標準</a>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141">A和<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141">B是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐特常數（页面不存在）">歐特常數</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_constants" class="extiw" title="en:Oort constants">Oort constants</a>），<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Omega _{0}=A-B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Omega _{0}=A-B}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2ead3dadeffbf8dcc79909aa6dc10d59cf163e2b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:12.178ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Omega _{0}=A-B}">是本地靜止標準的星系旋轉角速度，<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \kappa ={\sqrt {-4\Omega _{0}B}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>κ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mo>−</mo> <mn>4</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi>B</mi> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \kappa ={\sqrt {-4\Omega _{0}B}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6dda165f42b8a36c5cc943bd35fe1549e0fff3e1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:14.228ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \kappa ={\sqrt {-4\Omega _{0}B}}}">是“環心頻率”，ν 是垂直振蕩頻率<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a>。對於太陽，<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141">U、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141">V和<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141">W的現值估計為<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (U(0),V(0),W(0))=(10.00,5.25,7.17)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>U</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>W</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>10.00</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>5.25</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>7.17</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (U(0),V(0),W(0))=(10.00,5.25,7.17)}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e0a0b978fb1b35cf27184ca919054d0dbf09e4bb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:39.338ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (U(0),V(0),W(0))=(10.00,5.25,7.17)}"></math> km/s，其它常量的估計值為 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141">A = 15.5 km/s/<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%92%E5%B7%AE%E8%B7%9D" title="秒差距">kpc</a>， <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141">B = −12.2 km/s/kpc， κ = 37 km/s/kpc，和ν=74 km/s/kpc。我們採取<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141">X(0)和<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141">Y(0)為零和<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141">Z(0)估計為17秒差距<a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a>。這個模型意味著太陽圍繞著一個點循環，而這個點本身就圍繞著銀河系。太陽圍繞該點的環流週期為<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2\pi /\kappa }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>κ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2\pi /\kappa }</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f16634dc7b3748efd1772f5c2060f227f942b98c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.996ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2\pi /\kappa }">。使用秒差距等於1 km/s乘以0.978 百萬年的等效性，它得出1.66億年，比點繞星系所需的時間短。在(<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141">X，Y)座標，描述了太陽圍繞該點的橢圓，其長度在 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141">Y 方向為 <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2\times {\sqrt {\left({\frac {2\Omega _{0}}{\kappa ^{2}}}U(0)\right)^{2}+\left({\frac {\Omega _{0}}{B\kappa }}V(0)\right)^{2}}}=1035{\text{ parsec}}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msup> <mi>κ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>U</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mi>B</mi> <mi>κ</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>V</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </msqrt> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1035</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> parsec</mtext> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2\times {\sqrt {\left({\frac {2\Omega _{0}}{\kappa ^{2}}}U(0)\right)^{2}+\left({\frac {\Omega _{0}}{B\kappa }}V(0)\right)^{2}}}=1035{\text{ parsec}}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1f44f0d02c97d38bfb265359a9ed16090559abad" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:51.625ex; height:7.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2\times {\sqrt {\left({\frac {2\Omega _{0}}{\kappa ^{2}}}U(0)\right)^{2}+\left({\frac {\Omega _{0}}{B\kappa }}V(0)\right)^{2}}}=1035{\text{ parsec}}.}"></dd></dl> 以及其寬度在<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141">X方向為 <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2\times {\sqrt {\left({\frac {U(0)}{\kappa }}\right)^{2}+\left({\frac {V(0)}{2B}}\right)^{2}}}=691{\text{ parsec}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>U</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>κ</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </msqrt> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>691</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> parsec</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2\times {\sqrt {\left({\frac {U(0)}{\kappa }}\right)^{2}+\left({\frac {V(0)}{2B}}\right)^{2}}}=691{\text{ parsec}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c48a8c03c589c554c7d7186a12470f0e6d2b1d95" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:42.818ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2\times {\sqrt {\left({\frac {U(0)}{\kappa }}\right)^{2}+\left({\frac {V(0)}{2B}}\right)^{2}}}=691{\text{ parsec}}}"></dd></dl> 這個橢圓的長度與寬度之比，對於我們附近的所有恆星都是一樣的，是<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2\Omega /\kappa \approx 1.50.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>κ</mi> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>1.50.</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2\Omega /\kappa \approx 1.50.}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fb27a69249e072497483619055c0bf60a8a474e7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.221ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2\Omega /\kappa \approx 1.50.}"> 移動點目前位於 <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X={\frac {V(0)}{2B}}=-215{\text{ parsec}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>X</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>215</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> parsec</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X={\frac {V(0)}{2B}}=-215{\text{ parsec}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/baefa9d49a62a1d3a884895aa4392b0b8c9416cf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:25.996ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X={\frac {V(0)}{2B}}=-215{\text{ parsec}}}"></dd> <dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Y={\frac {2\Omega _{0}}{\kappa ^{2}}}U(0)=405{\text{ parsec}}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msup> <mi>κ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>U</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>405</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> parsec</mtext> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Y={\frac {2\Omega _{0}}{\kappa ^{2}}}U(0)=405{\text{ parsec}}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/90763887d855f00e197d318d8a06c56e319b80d8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:28.518ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Y={\frac {2\Omega _{0}}{\kappa ^{2}}}U(0)=405{\text{ parsec}}.}"></dd></dl> 採取太陽在<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141">Z方向的震盪 <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\sqrt {\left({\frac {W(0)}{\nu }}\right)^{2}+Z(0)^{2}}}=98{\text{ parsec}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>W</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>ν</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mi>Z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </msqrt> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>98</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> parsec</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\sqrt {\left({\frac {W(0)}{\nu }}\right)^{2}+Z(0)^{2}}}=98{\text{ parsec}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af1e32894493249abd7f1ea70098c48f3427c100" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:33.941ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\sqrt {\left({\frac {W(0)}{\nu }}\right)^{2}+Z(0)^{2}}}=98{\text{ parsec}}}"></dd></dl> 在銀河系平面上方和下方相同的距離，週期為<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2\pi /\nu }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>ν</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2\pi /\nu }</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f59f413c4a65b8a9e8e41e2093fb7ff3c7414dfa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.889ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2\pi /\nu }">或8,300萬年，每個軌道約2.7次<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a>。雖然<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2\pi /\Omega _{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2\pi /\Omega _{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/929b22f32322e47f6120955cf51e50f4d23d9b79" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.389ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2\pi /\Omega _{0}}">是2.22億年，但<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ Omega}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>O</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>g</mi> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ Omega}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1519738796ee8ac005685622ad0d66b180f6d7cf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.824ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ Omega}">在太陽環流時的值是 <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Omega \approx \Omega _{0}-{\frac {2A}{R_{0}}}\Delta X\approx 26.1{\text{ km/s/kpc}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>≈</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>X</mi> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>26.1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> km/s/kpc</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Omega \approx \Omega _{0}-{\frac {2A}{R_{0}}}\Delta X\approx 26.1{\text{ km/s/kpc}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/51a9ec31c4bb7b7ea53d7ff6ba0a5c4d5c1c7caa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:35.777ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Omega \approx \Omega _{0}-{\frac {2A}{R_{0}}}\Delta X\approx 26.1{\text{ km/s/kpc}}}"></dd></dl> （參見<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐特常數（页面不存在）">歐特常數</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_constants" class="extiw" title="en:Oort constants">Oort constants</a>）），對應於2.35億年，這是該點繞銀河系一次所需的時間。其它具有相同值<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X+V/(2B)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>X</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X+V/(2B)}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/74a9617775983bbc10039de9637300dea9c2c425" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.506ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X+V/(2B)}">的恆星必須花相同的時間圍繞銀河系，因此太陽附近的恆星一般保持相同的距離。 太陽圍繞銀河系的軌道由於銀河系中不均勻的質量分佈，例如銀河系螺旋臂內和之間的質量分佈，而受到干擾。有人認為，太陽通過更高密度的螺旋臂通常與地球上的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4%E6%BB%85%E7%B5%95" class="mw-redirect" title="生物集群滅絕">大規模滅絕</a>相吻合，也許是由於<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%9E%E6%93%8A%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="撞擊事件">撞擊事件</a>的增加<a href="#cite_note-extinction-172">[170]</a>。太陽系大約需要2.25〜2.5億年才能完成一次穿越銀河系的軌道（“<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E5%B9%B4" title="銀河年">銀河年</a>”）<a href="#cite_note-fn10-173">[171]</a>，因此，一般認為在太陽的一生中已經完成了20〜25次軌道。太陽系圍繞銀河系中心的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="轨道速度">軌道速度</a>約為251公里/秒（156英里/秒）<a href="#cite_note-space.newscientist.com-174">[172]</a>。按照這個速度，太陽系需要大約1,190年的時間才能行進1光年，或者需要7天才能行進7011149597870700000♠1 AU<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a>。 銀河系相對於<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A2%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="宇宙微波背景輻射">宇宙微波背景輻射</a>（CMB）向星座<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E8%9B%87%E5%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="長蛇座">長蛇座</a>的方向移動的速度為550 km/s，太陽相對於CMB的最終速度約為370 km/s，方向為方向為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E7%88%B5%E5%BA%A7" title="巨爵座">巨爵座</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%85%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="獅子座">獅子座</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="銀河系位置">銀河系位置</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节：銀河系位置">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB#銀河的範圍" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽系">太陽系 § 銀河的範圍</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_(updated_-_annotated).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg/220px-Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg/330px-Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg/440px-Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5600" data-file-height="5600" /></a><figcaption>顯示太陽位置的銀河系插圖。顯示的徑向座標（輻射線）以太陽的位置為中心（標記）</figcaption></figure> 太陽位於<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="銀河系">銀河系</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E6%88%B6%E8%87%82" title="獵戶臂">獵戶臂</a>內緣附近，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%9B%E9%9B%B2" title="本地星際雲">本地星際雲</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%E5%B8%B6" title="古爾德帶">古爾德帶</a>中，距離<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E5%BF%83" title="銀心">銀河系中心</a>的距離為7.5—8.5千秒差距（24—28千光年）<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> <a href="#cite_note-distance1-179">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-distance2-180">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-distance3-181">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-eisenhaueretal2005-182">[180]</a>。太陽包含在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%B3%A1" title="本地泡">本地泡</a>中，這是一個稀薄的熱氣體空間，可能由超新星遺跡<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E6%95%8F%E5%8D%A1%CE%B3%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF%E6%BA%90" title="杰敏卡γ射线源">傑敏卡</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a>，或昴宿星團移動群B1中的多顆超新星產生<a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a>。本地臂和外側的下一個臂，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E4%BB%99%E8%87%82" title="英仙臂">英仙臂</a>，之間的距離大約是6,500光年<a href="#cite_note-fn9-185">[183]</a>。太陽，以及太陽系，被發現在科學家所謂的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%AE%9C%E5%B1%85%E5%B8%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="銀河系宜居帶（页面不存在）">銀河系宜居帶</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_habitable_zone" class="extiw" title="en:Galactic habitable zone">Galactic habitable zone</a>）。“太陽之道的向點”，或<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%90%91%E9%BB%9E" title="太陽向點">太陽向點</a>，是太陽相對於附近其它恆星行進的方向。這個運動是朝向星座<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E4%BB%99%E5%BA%A7" title="武仙座">武仙座</a>中靠近恆星<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%94%E5%A5%B3%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="織女星">織女星</a>的一個點。距離太陽100<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%92%E5%B7%AE%E8%B7%9D" title="秒差距">秒差距</a>（326光年）的恆星，相對於太陽的速度可以近似地通過<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E5%A3%AB%E5%A8%81-%E6%B3%A2%E8%8C%B2%E6%9B%BC%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83" class="mw-redirect" title="馬克士威-波茲曼分布">馬克士威-波茲曼分布</a>（特別是對於較低的速度）或<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E6%95%B0%E6%AD%A3%E6%80%81%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83" title="对数正态分布">對數常態分佈</a>（特別是對於較高的速度）來建模，但高速恆星（大於300km/s）比任何一個分佈所預測的都要多。這些恆星相對於太陽的平均<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="速度">速度</a>（不是平均<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9F%E7%8E%87" title="速率">速率</a>）（或太陽相對於它們的平均速度）約為20km/s<a href="#cite_note-Eubanks-186">[184]</a>。 在太陽的32.6 ly中，截至2000年，在227個系統中有315顆已知恆星，包括163顆單顆恆星。據估計，這一範圍內還有130個系統尚未確定。如果擴大到81.5 ly，則可能有多達7,500顆星，其中大約2,600顆已知。該體積中的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="亚恒星">次恆星天體</a>的數量預估將與恆星的數量相當<a href="#cite_note-Scholz2002-187">[185]</a>。在距離地球17光年以內的50顆<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%B0%E8%BF%91%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="鄰近恆星列表">近恆星系統</a>（最接近的是紅矮星<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E9%84%B0%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="比鄰星">毗鄰星</a>，大約4.2光年），太陽的質量排名第四<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a>。 <a href="/wiki/%E8%93%8B%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99" class="mw-redirect" title="蓋亞任務">近恆星蓋亞星表</a>，在100秒差距內，包含331,312顆恆星，並被認為包括至少92%的<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="恒星分类">恆星分類</a>為M9或“更早”（即更熱）的恆星<a href="#cite_note-Eubanks-186">[184]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="理論上的問題">理論上的問題</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节：理論上的問題">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="太陽微中子問題">太陽微中子問題</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节：太陽微中子問題">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%BE%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽微中子問題">太陽微中子問題</a></div> 多年以來從地球上檢測到的太陽<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%BE%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="電微中子">電微中子</a>數量只有<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="標準模型">標準模型</a>預測的<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84583234">1⁄3到<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84583234">1⁄2，這種異常的結果被稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%BE%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽微中子問題">太陽微中子問題</a>。要解決這個問題，理論上曾試圖降低太陽內部的溫度，以解釋微中子流量的減少，或是提出電微中子可以<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90%E6%8C%AF%E8%8D%A1" title="中微子振荡">振盪</a>－也就是，在他們從太陽到地球的旅途中間轉變成為無法偵測到的<a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%E5%BE%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Τ微中子">τ微中子</a>和<a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%E5%BE%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Μ微中子">μ微中子</a><a href="#cite_note-Haxton-189">[187]</a>。在1980年代建造了一些微中子觀測台，包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%BE%B7%E4%BC%AF%E9%87%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="萨德伯里中微子天文台">薩德伯里微中子天文台</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%86%88%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="神冈探测器">神岡探測器</a>，並盡可能的準確的測量微中子通量<a href="#cite_note-McDonald2004-190">[188]</a>。從這些觀測的結果最終導致發現微中子有很小的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E6%AD%A2%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="靜止質量">靜止質量</a>和確實會振盪<a href="#cite_note-Schlattl-109">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a>。此外，薩德伯里微中子天文台在2001年有能力直接檢測出所有的三種微中子，並且發現太陽的總微中子輻射量與標準模型符合，而依據的依然只是從地球上看到，只佔總數三分之一的電微中子的能量<a href="#cite_note-McDonald2004-190">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a>。這個比例是由<a href="/w/index.php?title=MSW%E6%95%88%E6%87%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MSW效應（页面不存在）">MSW效應</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikheyev%E2%80%93Smirnov%E2%80%93Wolfenstein_effect" class="extiw" title="en:Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect">Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect</a>）（也稱為物值效應）預測的，它描述微中子在物質間的振盪，而現在被重視成為這個問題的解答<a href="#cite_note-McDonald2004-190">[188]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="日冕高溫問題">日冕高溫問題</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节：日冕高溫問題">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%86%95" class="mw-redirect" title="日冕">日冕</a></div> 已知可見光的太陽表面（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%90%83" title="光球">光球</a>）只有大約6,000<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E6%BA%AB%E6%A8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="熱力學溫標">K</a>的溫度，但是在其上的日冕溫度卻升高至1,000,000－2,000,000K<a href="#cite_note-Erdelyi2007-84">[82]</a>。日冕的高溫顯示它除了直接從光球<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%82%B3%E5%B0%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="熱傳導">傳導</a>的熱之外，還有其他的熱能來源<a href="#cite_note-Russell2001-86">[84]</a>。 人們認為加熱日冕的能量來自光球下方對流帶的湍流，並且提出兩個加熱日冕的主要機制<a href="#cite_note-Erdelyi2007-84">[82]</a>。第一個是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2" title="波">波</a>加熱，來自於聲音、重力或磁流體坡在對流帶產生湍流<a href="#cite_note-Erdelyi2007-84">[82]</a>，這些波向上旅行並且在日冕中消散，將它們的能量以熱的形式儲存在包圍在四周的氣體內<a href="#cite_note-Alfven-193">[191]</a>。另一種是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%A0%B4" title="磁場">磁化</a>熱，在光球的運動中磁能不斷的被建立，並且經由<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E9%87%8D%E8%81%94" title="磁重联">磁重聯</a>的形式釋放能量，規模較大的是<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%83%E7%84%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="閃焰">閃焰</a>還有無數規模較小但相似的事件－<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E5%BE%AE%E9%96%83%E7%84%B0" title="毫微閃焰">毫微閃焰</a>（Nanoflares）<a href="#cite_note-Parker2-194">[192]</a>。 目前，還不清楚波是否有效的加熱機制，但除了<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E6%B3%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾文波">阿耳芬波</a>之外，已經發現其它的波在抵達日冕前都已經被驅散或折射<a href="#cite_note-Sturrock-195">[193]</a>。另一方面，阿耳芬波在日冕中不容易消散，因此目前的研究已經聚焦和轉移到閃焰的加熱機制<a href="#cite_note-Erdelyi2007-84">[82]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="年輕太陽黯淡問題">年輕太陽黯淡問題</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=36" title="编辑章节：年輕太陽黯淡問題">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4%E8%BC%95%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%BB%AF%E6%B7%A1%E4%BD%AF%E8%AC%AC" title="年輕太陽黯淡佯謬">年輕太陽黯淡佯謬</a></div> 理論模型認為太陽在38至25億年前的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="太古代">古代時期</a>，亮度只有現在的75%。這樣微弱的恆星不足以使地球表面的水維持液態，因此生命應該還沒有發展出來。然而，在地質上的紀錄表明當時的地球在其歷史上有相當穩定的溫度，並且年輕的地球和現在一樣的溫暖。科學家們的共識是年輕的地球大氣包含的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%AE%A4%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="溫室氣體">溫室氣體</a>（像是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7" title="甲烷">甲烷</a>和/或<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8" title="氨">氨</a>）的量比現在要多，而被困住的熱量足以彌補抵達地球<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽能">太陽能</a>的不足<a href="#cite_note-Kasting-196">[194]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="現在的異常">現在的異常</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=37" title="编辑章节：現在的異常">编辑</a>]</div> 太陽目前有一些行為出現了異常<a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a>： <ul><li>這是一次非比尋常的極小期，自2008年5月起，有比以往長的一段時間，太陽表面一塵不染，看不見任何一顆黑子的出現。</li> <li>它比平常暗了一些；與上一次的極小期比較，在可見光波長的輸出少了0.02%，在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%A0%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遠紫外線（页面不存在）">遠紫外線</a>波長上少了6%<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a>。</li> <li>在過去的20年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%A2%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽風">太陽風</a>的速度下降了3%，溫度下降13%，密度也減少了20%<a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a>。</li> <li>與22年前的極小期比較，它的磁場強度只有當時的一半，結果是造成充滿整個太陽系的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%9C%88" title="太陽圈">太陽圈</a>收縮，因此撞擊到地球和它的大氣層的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="宇宙射線">宇宙射線</a>的程度增加。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="觀測的歷史">觀測的歷史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=38" title="编辑章节：觀測的歷史">编辑</a>]</div> 人类对太阳的观测可以追溯到公元前2000年，在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>古代的典籍《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E4%B9%A6_(%E4%B9%A6%E7%B1%8D)" class="mw-redirect" title="尚书 (书籍)">尚书</a>》中记载了发生在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="夏代">夏代</a>的一次日食。中国古代<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="汉字">汉字</a>中用⊙代表太阳，表明中国很早以前就已看到了<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E9%BB%91%E5%AD%90" title="太阳黑子">太阳黑子</a>。《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E4%B9%A6" title="汉书">汉书</a>·五行志》中记载了人类最早的黑子记录：“日出黄，有黑气大如钱，居日中央。”公元前400年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E4%BA%BA" title="希臘人">希腊人</a>曾经看到过太阳黑子，但在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>被遗忘，直到1605年<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="伽利略">伽利略</a>通过望远镜重新发现了它。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="早期的了解和語源">早期的了解和語源</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=39" title="编辑章节：早期的了解和語源">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solvognen_DO-6865_2000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Solvognen_DO-6865_2000.jpg/200px-Solvognen_DO-6865_2000.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Solvognen_DO-6865_2000.jpg/300px-Solvognen_DO-6865_2000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Solvognen_DO-6865_2000.jpg/400px-Solvognen_DO-6865_2000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1438" /></a><figcaption>這個在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麦国家博物馆">丹麥國家博物館</a>中展出的雕塑可能是前1350年的作品。這個由一匹馬拉著的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%B7%E9%B3%B4%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%88%B0%E8%BB%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雷鳴太陽戰車（页面不存在）">雷鳴太陽戰車</a>雕塑，相信在闡明<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北歐青銅時代（页面不存在）">北歐青銅時代</a>的神話中占有很重要的地位</figcaption></figure> 《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%AA%E6%96%87%E8%A7%A3%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="說文解字">說文解字</a>》：日，實也，大易之精不虧，從○一象形。凡日之屬皆從日。日古文象形。 人類對太陽的最基本了解是在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%A9%BA" title="天空">天空</a>上發光的一個圓盤，當它在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%B9%B3%E7%B7%9A" title="地平線">地平線</a>上時創造了白天，消失時就造成夜晚。在許多古文化和史前文化中，太陽被認為是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%A5%9E" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="太陽神">太陽神</a>或其他<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="超自然">超自然</a>的現象。像是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="南美">南美</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%8A%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="印加">印加</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%8C%B2%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B" title="阿茲特克">阿茲特克</a>（現在的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5" title="墨西哥">墨西哥</a>）都有<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="太陽崇拜">崇拜</a>太陽的中心文化；許多古蹟的修築都與太陽現象有關，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E7%9F%B3" title="巨石">巨石</a>準確的標示出<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E8%87%B3" title="冬至">冬至</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E8%87%B3" title="夏至">夏至</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B3%E9%BB%9E" title="至點">至點</a>的方向（一些知名的石柱群諸如<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%8D%E5%B8%83%E5%A1%94%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="納布塔普拉雅（页面不存在）">納布塔普拉雅</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabta_Playa#Astronomical_observation" class="extiw" title="en:Nabta Playa">Nabta Playa#Astronomical observation</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="馬爾他">馬爾他</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A7%86%E9%82%A3%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="姆那拉（页面不存在）">姆那拉</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnajdra" class="extiw" title="en:Mnajdra">Mnajdra</a>）和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E7%9F%B3%E9%99%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="巨石陣">巨石陣</a>）；<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E6%A0%BC%E8%90%8A%E5%A5%87%E5%A2%93" class="mw-redirect" title="紐格萊奇墓">紐格萊奇墓</a>，一個史前人類在<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="愛爾蘭">愛爾蘭</a>的建築物，目的是在檢測冬至；在墨西哥<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%90%B4%E4%BC%8A%E5%AF%9F" title="奇琴伊察">奇琴伊察</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E7%95%A5%E9%87%91%E5%AD%97%E5%A1%94" title="卡斯蒂略金字塔">艾爾堡</a>金字塔設計成在<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E5%88%86" title="春分">春分</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E5%88%86" title="秋分">秋分</a>的影子像蛇在爬金字塔的樣子。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%B0%E8%90%BD" title="罗马帝国的衰落">羅馬帝國晚期</a>太陽的生日是在冬至之後的一個慶典假日，稱為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%A1%E6%95%B5%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="無敵太陽（页面不存在）">無敵太陽</a>，有可能就是<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%AA%95%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="聖誕節">聖誕節</a>的前身。作為一顆<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="恆星">恆星</a>，從地球上看到太陽每年沿著<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%81%93%E5%B8%B6" title="黃道帶">黃道帶</a>上的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="黃道">黃道</a>繞行一圈，所以希臘天文學家認為它也是七顆行星之一；在一些語言中還用來命名一周七天中的一天<a href="#cite_note-oed-201">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-almagest-202">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="科學認識的發展">科學認識的發展</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=40" title="编辑章节：科學認識的發展">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Observing_The_Sun.ogv/220px--Observing_The_Sun.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="109" data-mwtitle="Observing_The_Sun.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Observing_The_Sun.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Observing_The_Sun.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/Observing_The_Sun.ogv/Observing_The_Sun.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/Observing_The_Sun.ogv/Observing_The_Sun.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/Observing_The_Sun.ogv/Observing_The_Sun.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /></video><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="伽利略">伽利略</a>在1609年發現<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%BB%91%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽黑子">太陽黑子</a>后，人类便持续关注着太阳</figcaption></figure> 在西元前1,000年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E4%BC%A6%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="巴比伦天文学">巴比倫天文學家</a>觀察到太陽沿著<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="黃道">黃道</a>的運動是不均勻的，雖然他們不瞭解為何會如此。而今天我們知道是因為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>以<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%A2%E5%9C%93%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93" title="橢圓軌道">橢圓軌道</a>繞著太陽運行，使得地球在接近<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%B1%E9%BB%9E" title="拱點">近日點</a>的速度較快，而在<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%B1%E9%BB%9E" title="拱點">遠日點</a>時速度較慢<a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a>。第一位嘗試以科學或哲學解釋太陽的人是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" class="mw-redirect" title="古希臘">希臘</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="哲學家">哲學家</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%82%A3%E5%85%8B%E8%96%A9%E5%93%A5%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="阿那克薩哥拉">阿那克薩哥拉</a>，他推斷太陽是一個巨大的金屬火球，比在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%BE%85%E5%A5%94%E5%B0%BC%E6%92%92" class="mw-redirect" title="伯羅奔尼撒">伯羅奔尼撒</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%88%A9%E4%BF%84%E6%96%AF" title="赫利俄斯">赫利俄斯</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B0%E8%BB%8A%E5%85%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戰車兵（页面不存在）">戰車</a>還要大，同時<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83" title="月球">月球</a>是反射太陽的光<a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a>。他因為傳授這種<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E7%AB%AF" title="異端">異端</a>被判決<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E5%88%91" title="死刑">死刑</a>而遭到囚禁，後來因為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9" title="伯里克利">伯里克利</a>介入調解而獲釋。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%8B%89%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%BC" title="埃拉托斯特尼">埃拉托斯特尼</a>在西元前3世紀估計地球和太陽之間的距離大約是“400和80,000斯達地”<a href="#cite_note-斯達地-206">[note 1]</a>，其中的翻譯是含糊不清的，暗示是4,080,000<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E9%81%94%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯達地（页面不存在）">斯達地</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadiametric_rangefinding" class="extiw" title="en:Stadiametric rangefinding">Stadiametric rangefinding</a>）（755,000公里）或是804,000,000斯達地（148至153百萬公里，或0.99至1.02天文單位）；後面的數值與今天所用的誤差只有幾個百分點。在西元前一世紀，<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%8B%92%E5%AF%86" class="mw-redirect" title="托勒密">托勒密</a>估計這個距離是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="地球半径">地球半徑</a>的1,210倍，大約是771萬公里（0.0515 AU）<a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a>。 古希臘的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="阿里斯塔克斯">阿里斯塔克斯</a>在西元前3世紀最早提出行星是以太陽為中心環繞著運轉的理論，稍後得到<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%90%89%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E5%A1%9E%E7%90%89%E5%8F%A4" title="塞琉西亞的塞琉古">塞琉西亞的塞琉古</a>的認同（參見<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%BF%83%E8%AA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="日心說">日心說</a>）。這在很大程度上仍是哲學上的預測，到了16世紀才由<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%93%A5%E7%99%BD%E5%B0%BC" title="尼古拉·哥白尼">哥白尼</a>發展出<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="数学模型">數學模型</a>的日心系統。在17世紀初期，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="望遠鏡">望遠鏡</a>的發明使得<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%E7%89%B9" title="托马斯·哈里奥特">托馬斯·哈里奧特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="伽利略">伽利略</a>和其它的天文學家能夠詳細的觀察<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%BB%91%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽黑子">太陽黑子</a>。伽利略做出一些已知是最早觀測太陽黑子的報告，並提出它們是在太陽的表面，而不是通過地球和太陽之間的小天體<a href="#cite_note-208">[205]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢朝">漢朝</a>（西元前206至西元220年）的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="中国天文学">中國天文學家</a>也對黑子持續觀測和記錄了數個世紀。伊斯蘭的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%AD%AF%E4%B8%96%E5%BE%B7" title="伊本·魯世德">伊本·魯世德</a>也提供了12世紀的黑子描述<a href="#cite_note-209">[206]</a>。 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世紀伊斯蘭天文學（页面不存在）">阿拉伯天文學的貢獻</a>包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC" title="巴塔尼">巴塔尼</a>發現太陽<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E9%9B%A2%E5%BF%83%E7%8E%87" title="軌道離心率">離心率</a>的方向變化<a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a>，和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E5%B0%A4%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊本·尤努斯（页面不存在）">伊本·尤努斯</a>（Ibn Yunus）多年來使用大的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E7%9B%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="星盤">星盤</a>觀察超過10,000次的太陽位置<a href="#cite_note-211">[208]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E9%82%A3" title="伊本·西那">伊本·西那</a>在1032年第一次觀測到<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%98%9F%E5%87%8C%E6%97%A5" title="金星凌日">金星凌日</a>，他推論出金星比地球更靠近太陽<a href="#cite_note-Goldstein-212">[209]</a>，而<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%B2" title="伊本·巴哲">伊本·巴哲</a>則是在12世紀曾記錄觀測到兩顆行星凌日<a href="#cite_note-213">[210]</a>。 1239年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>的编年史中曾提到过<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%8F%A5" title="日珥">日珥</a>，称其为“火舌”，1842年在一次日食中重新发现了日珥。1843年，Schwabe发现了太阳活动的11年周期，1851年在一次日食中拍摄到了第一张<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%86%95" class="mw-redirect" title="日冕">日冕</a>的照片。1859年人们发现了<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%80%80%E6%96%91" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽耀斑">太阳耀斑</a>。 在1672年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%BC" title="乔瓦尼·多梅尼科·卡西尼">乔瓦尼·多梅尼科·卡西尼</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%93%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%AD%87%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="讓·里歇爾（页面不存在）">讓·里歇爾</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Richer" class="extiw" title="en:Jean Richer">Jean Richer</a>）確定了<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F" title="火星">火星</a>的距離，因此可以計算出太陽的距離。<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="艾薩克·牛頓">艾薩克·牛頓</a>使用<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A8%9C%E9%8F%A1" title="三稜鏡">三稜鏡</a>觀察太陽光，顯示出陽光是由各種不同的顏色組合而成<a href="#cite_note-214">[211]</a>，而<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E6%AD%87%E7%88%BE" title="威廉·赫歇爾">威廉·赫歇爾</a>在1800年發現在超越太陽光譜的紅色部分之外，還有<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紅外線">紅外線</a>的輻射<a href="#cite_note-215">[212]</a>。19世紀的光譜學使太陽研究有所進展。1824年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%85%E5%92%8C%E8%B4%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="约瑟夫·夫琅和费">夫朗和斐</a>首度發現光譜中的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%9C%E7%B7%9A" title="譜線">吸收線</a>，最強的幾條吸收線迄今仍被稱為夫朗和斐線；將太陽光譜展開，可以發現更大量的吸收線，造成更多的顏色消失不見。1868年又在太阳光谱中发现了一种新的元素，取名为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦</a>（helium，意为太阳神）；次年又发现了新的谱线，认为是另外一种元素，定名为coronium，后來证明这只是普通元素的高电离态谱线。 在現代科學時代的初期，太陽能量的來源是個巨大的謎。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%B9%AF%E5%A7%86%E6%A3%AE%EF%BC%8C%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E9%96%8B%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E7%94%B7%E7%88%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="威廉·湯姆森，第一代開爾文男爵">凱爾文爵士</a>提出太陽是一個正在冷卻的液體球，輻射出儲藏在內部的熱<a href="#cite_note-kelvin-216">[213]</a>。凱爾文和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E7%88%BE%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E9%A6%AE%C2%B7%E4%BA%A5%E5%A7%86%E9%9C%8D%E8%8C%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="赫爾曼·馮·亥姆霍茲">赫爾曼·馮·亥姆霍茲</a>然後提出<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%B5%AB%E6%AD%B7%E7%A8%8B" title="克赫歷程">重力收縮</a>機制來解釋能量的輸出。很不幸的，由此產生的年齡估計只有2,000萬歲，遠短於當時以地質上的發現所估計出至少3億年的時間跨度<a href="#cite_note-kelvin-216">[213]</a>。在1890年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%AB%BE%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="約瑟夫·諾曼·洛克爾（页面不存在）">約瑟夫·洛克爾</a>在太陽光譜中發現<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦</a>，提出太陽形成和演化的隕石說<a href="#cite_note-217">[214]</a>。 直到1904年解決的方案才被提出，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E7%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="歐尼斯特·拉塞福">拉塞福</a>提出太陽的輸出可以由內部的熱源提供，並提出<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性衰變">放射性衰變</a>是這個來源<a href="#cite_note-218">[215]</a>。不過，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦">阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦</a>提出的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E8%83%BD%E7%AD%89%E5%83%B9" title="質能等價">質能等價</a>關係E = mc2為太陽的能量來源提供了線索<a href="#cite_note-219">[216]</a>。 1908年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>天文学家<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="喬治·海爾">喬治·海爾</a>发现黑子具有很强的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="磁场">磁场</a>。1930年发明了<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%86%95%E4%BB%AA" title="日冕仪">日冕仪</a>，使得随时观测日冕成为可能。 在1920年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%91%9F%C2%B7%E7%88%B1%E4%B8%81%E9%A1%BF" title="亚瑟·爱丁顿">亞瑟·愛丁頓</a>爵士提出在太陽核心的溫度和壓力導致核融合將氫（質子）合併成氦核，從質量淨變動的結果產生了能量<a href="#cite_note-220">[217]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%A5%BF%E8%8E%89%E4%BA%9E%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E6%81%A9-%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%BD%E9%87%91" title="塞西莉亞·佩恩-加波施金">塞西莉亞·佩恩-加波施金</a>在1925年證實氫在太陽中佔的優勢，核融合的理論概念也在1930年代由天文物理學家<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E6%8F%9A%C2%B7%E9%8C%A2%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E5%8D%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇布拉馬尼揚·錢德拉塞卡">蘇布拉馬尼揚·錢德拉塞卡</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E7%89%B9" title="汉斯·贝特">漢斯·貝特</a>發展出來。漢斯·貝特仔細的計算了兩種太陽能量主要來源的核反應，在1938年提出了恒星内部<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90-%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90%E9%8F%88%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" class="mw-redirect" title="質子-質子鏈反應">质子-质子鏈反应</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%B0%AE%E6%B0%A7%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="碳氮氧循环">碳氮氧循环</a>两种核反应过程，阐明了太阳的能源机制。<a href="#cite_note-Bethe-221">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bethe2-222">[219]</a>。 最後，<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E6%A0%BC%E9%BA%97%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E6%AF%94%E5%A5%87" title="瑪格麗特·伯比奇">瑪格麗特·伯比奇</a>在1957年發表了名為“在恆星內部的元素合成”的論文<a href="#cite_note-223">[220]</a>，這篇論文令人信服的論證出，在宇宙中絕大部分恆星內部的元素<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="核合成">合成</a>，都像我們的太陽一樣。 1975年Deubner奠定了<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" title="日震學">日震学</a>的基础。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">[來源請求]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="太陽太空任務">太陽太空任務</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=41" title="编辑章节：太陽太空任務">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Moon_transit_of_sun_large.ogv/220px--Moon_transit_of_sun_large.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="8" data-mwtitle="Moon_transit_of_sun_large.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Moon_transit_of_sun_large.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/Moon_transit_of_sun_large.ogv/Moon_transit_of_sun_large.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/Moon_transit_of_sun_large.ogv/Moon_transit_of_sun_large.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="960" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Moon_transit_of_sun_large.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="1024" data-height="768" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/Moon_transit_of_sun_large.ogv/Moon_transit_of_sun_large.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/Moon_transit_of_sun_large.ogv/Moon_transit_of_sun_large.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/Moon_transit_of_sun_large.ogv/Moon_transit_of_sun_large.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/Moon_transit_of_sun_large.ogv/Moon_transit_of_sun_large.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" title="日地关系天文台">日地關係衛星</a>B的紫外線成像照相機在校準過程中捕捉到的月球凌日<a href="#cite_note-224">[221]</a></figcaption></figure> 最早被設計來觀察太陽的衛星是<a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a>在1959年至1968年發射的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E9%8B%92%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" title="先鋒計劃">先鋒</a>5、6、7、8、和9號。這些探測器在與<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>相似的距離上環繞著太陽，並且首度做出<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%A2%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽風">太陽風</a>和太陽磁場的詳細測量。先鋒9號運轉的時間特別長，直到1983年5月還在傳送資料<a href="#cite_note-225">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[223]</a>。 在1970年代，兩艘<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%A5%9E" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="太陽神">太陽神</a>太空船和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="天空实验室">天空實驗室</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1%E6%9E%B6%E5%8F%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿波羅望遠鏡架台（页面不存在）">阿波羅望遠鏡架台</a>為科學家提供了大量的太陽風和日冕的資料。太陽神1號和2號太空船是美國和德國合作，在水星<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%97%A5%E9%BB%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="近日點">近日點</a>內側的軌道上研究太陽風<a href="#cite_note-Burlaga2001-227">[224]</a>，天空實驗室是NASA在1973年發射的太空站，包括一個由駐站的太空人操作，稱為阿波羅望遠鏡架台的太陽<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" title="天文台">天文台</a><a href="#cite_note-Dwivedi2006-85">[83]</a>。天空實驗室首度從太陽日冕的紫外線輻射中分辨出太陽的過渡區<a href="#cite_note-Dwivedi2006-85">[83]</a>。它的發現還包括首度觀測到<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%86%95%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA%E6%8B%8B%E5%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="日冕物質拋射">日冕物質拋射</a>，然後被稱為日冕瞬變，和現在已經知道與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%A2%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽風">太陽風</a>關係密切的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%95%E6%B4%9E" title="冕洞">冕洞</a><a href="#cite_note-Burlaga2001-227">[224]</a>。 在1980年，<a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a>發射了<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%A5%B5%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%9F%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="太陽極大期任務衛星">SMM</a>，這艘太空船設計在太陽最活躍的期間和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD#外部連結" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽">太陽發光率</a>，以<a href="/wiki/%CE%93%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="Γ射線">γ射線</a>、<a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="X射線">X射線</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紫外線">紫外線</a>觀察來自<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%96%83%E7%84%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽閃焰">太陽閃焰</a>的輻射。不過，就在發射之後幾個月，因為內部的電子零件故障，造成探測器進入待機模式，之後的三年它都處在這種待命的狀態。在1984年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%91%E6%88%B0%E8%80%85%E8%99%9F%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%A2%AD" title="挑戰者號太空梭">挑戰者號太空梭</a>在<a href="/wiki/STS-41-C" title="STS-41-C">STS-41-C</a>的任務中取回這顆衛星，修復了電子零件後再送回軌道。之後，太陽極限任務在1989年6月<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E8%BF%94%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%B1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="重返大气层">重返</a>地球的大氣層之前，獲得了成千上萬的影像<a href="#cite_note-228">[225]</a>。 日本在1991年發射的<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%BD%E5%85%89%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="陽光衛星">陽光衛星</a>在X射線的波長觀測太陽閃焰，任務中獲得的資料讓科學家可以分辨不同類型的閃焰，並驗證了在離開活動高峰期的日冕有著比過去所假設的更多活動和動態。陽光衛星觀測了整個的太陽週期，但是在2001年的一次<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%A3%9F" title="日食">日全食</a>使它不能鎖定太陽而進入了待機模式。它在2005年以重返大氣層的方法銷毀<a href="#cite_note-229">[226]</a>。 最重要的太陽任務之一是1995年12月2日由<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%B8%BD%E7%BD%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲太空總署">歐洲太空總署</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%9A%A8%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%B8%BD%E7%BD%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="美國國家航空暨太空總署">美國國家航空暨太空總署</a>共同建造和發射的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E9%A3%8E%E5%B1%82%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="太阳和太阳风层探测器">太陽和太陽風層探測器</a>（SOHO）<a href="#cite_note-Dwivedi2006-85">[83]</a>。原本只是一個為期兩年的任務，但在2009年批准將計畫延長至2012年<a href="#cite_note-sohoext-230">[227]</a>。它證明了對2010年2月發射的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" title="太陽動力學天文台">太陽動力學天文台</a>非常有用<a href="#cite_note-sdolaunch-231">[228]</a>，SOHO位於地球和太陽之間的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%9C%97%E6%97%A5%E9%BB%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉格朗日點">拉格朗日點</a>（兩著引力的平衡點），SOHO自發射以來，在許多波段上提供了太陽的常規觀測圖<a href="#cite_note-Dwivedi2006-85">[83]</a>。除了直接觀測太陽，SOHO還促成了大量彗星的發現，它們絕大多數都是暗淡的，在經過太陽時會被焚毀的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A0%E6%97%A5%E5%BD%97%E6%98%9F" title="掠日彗星">掠日彗星</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[229]</a>。 所有的這些衛星都是在黃道平面上觀測太陽，所以只能看清楚太陽在赤道附近的地區。研究太陽極區的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%8F%B7%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="尤里西斯号探测器">尤里西斯號探測器</a>在1990年發射，它先航向木星，經由這顆行星的彈射進入脫離黃道平面的軌道。無心插柳的，使它成為觀察1994年<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E6%A2%85%E5%85%8B%EF%BC%8D%E6%9D%8E%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9D%E8%99%9F%E5%BD%97%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="舒梅克－李維九號彗星">舒梅克－李維九號彗星</a>撞木星的最佳人選。一旦尤里西斯進入預定的軌道後，它開始觀察高緯度上的太陽風和磁場強度，發現高緯度的太陽風以低於預測的705公里/秒的速度運動，還有大量的磁波從高緯度發射出來，散射了來自銀河系的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="宇宙射線">宇宙射線</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[230]</a>。 從<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="天体光谱学">光譜</a>的研究已經熟知光球的元素豐度，但對於太陽內部的成分所知仍很貧乏。將<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%A2%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽風">太陽風</a>樣本帶回的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="起源號">起源號</a>被設計來讓天文學家直接測量太陽物質的成分。起源號在2004年返回地球，但是因為它的一個<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E8%90%BD%E5%82%98" class="mw-redirect" title="降落傘">降落傘</a>在重返大氣層時未能張開，使它在著陸時墜毀。儘管受到嚴重的破換，一些可用的樣本還是被從太空船的樣本返回模組艙帶回並且正在進行研究與分析<a href="#cite_note-234">[231]</a>。 <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" title="日地关系天文台">日地關係天文台</a>（STEREO）任務在2006年10月發射，兩艘相同的太空船分別被送進在地球軌道前方和後方並逐漸遠離地球的位置上，這使得太陽和太陽現象的影像，如<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%86%95%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA%E6%8B%8B%E5%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="日冕物質拋射">日冕物質拋射</a>可以<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="立體">立體</a>成像<a href="#cite_note-inst-235">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[233]</a>。 其他太阳观测卫星还有美国1998年发射的<a href="/wiki/TRACE%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="TRACE卫星">TRACE卫星</a>、2002年发射的<a href="/wiki/RHESSI%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="RHESSI卫星">RHESSI卫星</a>、2006年发射的<a href="/wiki/STEREO%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="STEREO卫星">STEREO卫星</a>，日本在2006年发射的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%87%BA%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="日出卫星">日出卫星</a>（Solar-B）等。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="觀測和成效">觀測和成效</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=42" title="编辑章节：觀測和成效">编辑</a>]</div> 太陽非常明亮，以裸眼直視太陽在短時間內就會很不舒服，但對於沒有完全睜開的眼睛還不致於立即造成危害<a href="#cite_note-237">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[235]</a>。直接看太陽會造成視覺上的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%B9%BB%E8%A6%96" title="光幻視">光幻視</a>和暫時部分失明，只要4毫瓦的陽光對視網膜稍有加熱就可能造成破壞，使眼睛對光度不能做出正確的回應<a href="#cite_note-239">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[237]</a>。暴露在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紫外線">紫外線</a>下會使眼睛的水晶體逐漸變黃，並且被認為還會形成<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%85%A7%E9%9A%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="白內障">白內障</a>，但是這取決於是否經常曝露在太陽的紫外線下，而不是是否直接目視太陽<a href="#cite_note-241">[238]</a>。儘管已經知道暴露在紫外線的環境下，會加速眼睛白內障的形成，當日食發生的時候還是有許多不當注視太陽所引發的日食目盲或視網膜灼傷。長時間用肉眼直接看太陽會受到紫外線的誘導，大約100秒鐘視網膜就會灼傷產生病變，特別是在來自太陽的紫外線強度較高和被聚焦的情況下<a href="#cite_note-242">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[240]</a>；對孩童的眼睛和新植入的水晶體情況會更為惡化（它們比成熟的眼睛承受了更多的紫外線）、以及太陽的角度接近地平、和在高緯度的地區觀測太陽。 通過將光線集中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="光學">光學</a>儀器，像是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E7%AD%92%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="雙筒望遠鏡">雙筒望遠鏡</a>觀察太陽，若沒有用濾鏡將光線做實質上的減弱和遮擋紫外線是很危險的。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%80%A7%E7%81%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%BB%A4%E9%95%9C" title="中性灰度滤镜">柔光的ND濾鏡</a>可能不會濾除紫外線，所以依然是危險的。用來觀測太陽的衰減濾鏡必須使用專門設計的：紫外線或<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紅外線">紅外線</a>會穿透一些臨時湊合的濾鏡，在高亮度時一樣還是會傷害到眼睛<a href="#cite_note-244">[241]</a>。沒有濾鏡的雙筒望遠鏡可能會導入超500倍以上的能量，用肉眼看幾乎立即殺死視網膜的細胞，對視網膜造成傷害。在正午的陽光下，透過沒有濾鏡的雙筒望遠鏡看太陽，即使只是短暫的一瞥，都可能導致永久的失明<a href="#cite_note-Marsh-245">[242]</a>。 因為眼睛的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9E%B3%E5%AD%94" title="瞳孔">瞳孔</a>不能適應異常高的光度對比，觀看<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%A3%9F" title="日食">日偏食</a>是很危險的：瞳孔是依據進入視場的總光亮，而不是依據最明亮的光來擴張。當日偏食的時候，因為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83" title="月球">月球</a>行經太陽前方遮蔽了部分的陽光，但是光球未被遮蔽的部分依然有著與平常的白天相同的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E4%BA%AE%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="表面亮度">表面亮度</a>。在完全黑暗的環境下，瞳孔可以從2mm擴張至6mm，每個暴露在太陽影像下的視網膜細胞會接收到十倍於觀看未被遮住的太陽光量。這會損壞或殺死這些細胞，導致觀看者出現小但永久的盲點<a href="#cite_note-Espenak-246">[243]</a>。對沒有經驗的觀測者和孩童，這種危害是不知不覺的，因為不會感覺到痛：它不是立即可以察覺自己的視野被摧毀。 陽光會因為<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%88%A9%E6%95%A3%E5%B0%84" title="瑞利散射">瑞利散射</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%B0%8F%E6%95%A3%E5%B0%84" title="米氏散射">米氏散射</a>而減弱，特別是當<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%87%BA" title="日出">日出</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%90%BD" title="日落">日落</a>時經過漫長的地球大氣層時<a href="#cite_note-Haber2005-247">[244]</a>，使得陽光有時會很柔和，可以舒服的用肉眼或安全的光學儀器觀看（只要沒有陽光會突然穿透雲層的風險）。煙霧、大氣的粉塵、和高濕度都有助於大氣衰減陽光<a href="#cite_note-248">[245]</a>。一種罕見的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" title="光學現象">光學現象</a>會在日出之前或日落之後短暫的出現，就是所知的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E9%96%83%E5%85%89" title="綠閃光">綠閃光</a>。這種閃光是太陽正好在地平線下被<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%98%E5%B0%84" title="折射">彎曲</a>（通常是通過<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%86%E6%B8%A9%E5%B1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="逆温层">逆溫層</a>）朝向觀測者造成的。短波長的光（紫色、藍色和綠色）被偏折的比長波長的多（黃色、橙色、紅色），但是紫色和藍色被<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%88%A9%E6%95%A3%E5%B0%84" title="瑞利散射">散色</a>的較多，留下的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2" title="綠色">綠色</a>就較容易被看見<a href="#cite_note-249">[246]</a>。 來自太陽的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紫外線">紫外線</a>具有<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E8%85%90" class="mw-redirect" title="防腐">防腐</a>的性質，可以做為水和工具的消毒。它也會使皮膚曬傷，和其他醫療的效應，例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0D" class="mw-redirect" title="維生素D">維生素D</a>的生成。地球的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="臭氧層">臭氧層</a>會使紫外線減弱，所以紫外線的強度會隨著<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%BA%A6" title="高度">高度</a>的增加而加強，並且有許多生物已經產生適應的能力，包括在全球不同地區的人種有著不同的<a href="/wiki/%E8%86%9A%E8%89%B2" title="膚色">膚色</a>變化<a href="#cite_note-250">[247]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="術語">術語</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=43" title="编辑章节：術語">编辑</a>]</div> 如同其它的自然現象，太陽在整個的人類歷史上受到許多文化的崇拜，並且是星期日這個詞的來源。依據<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="國際天文聯合會">國際天文聯合會</a>，它在英語中的正式名稱是“Sun”（作為專有名詞，第一個字母要大寫）<a href="#cite_note-251">[248]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a>的名稱是“Sol”（發音： <a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:英語國際音標">/ˈsɒl/</a>），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD_(%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太陽 (神話)（页面不存在）">太陽神</a>有著相同的名稱，這是眾所周知但在英文中卻不常用到；相關的形容詞是“solar”<a href="#cite_note-252">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[250]</a>。“Sol”是太陽在許多歐洲語系中的現代用語<a href="#cite_note-254">[251]</a>。 “Sol”這個名詞也被行星天文學家使用來表示其它行星，像是<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F" title="火星">火星</a>上的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E6%97%A5" title="太阳日">太陽日</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[252]</a>。地球的平均太陽日大約是24小時，火星上的“太陽日”是24小時39分又35.244秒<a href="#cite_note-256">[253]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="太阳伴星">太阳伴星</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=44" title="编辑章节：太阳伴星">编辑</a>]</div> 有不少天文学家认为，太阳有一颗不大的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%B4%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="伴星">伴星</a>，并把它命名为“<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E4%BB%87%E5%A5%B3%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="复仇女神星">复仇女神星</a>”。但这颗伴星的存在与否仍存在争议。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人類文化">人類文化</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=45" title="编辑章节：人類文化">编辑</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fremont_Solstice_Parade_2008_-_The_Sun_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Fremont_Solstice_Parade_2008_-_The_Sun_01.jpg/180px-Fremont_Solstice_Parade_2008_-_The_Sun_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Fremont_Solstice_Parade_2008_-_The_Sun_01.jpg/270px-Fremont_Solstice_Parade_2008_-_The_Sun_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Fremont_Solstice_Parade_2008_-_The_Sun_01.jpg/360px-Fremont_Solstice_Parade_2008_-_The_Sun_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>西雅圖的至日點遊行</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="重要性">重要性</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=46" title="编辑章节：重要性">编辑</a>]</div> 太阳对人类而言至关重要。地球大气的循环，昼夜与四季的轮替，地球冷暖的变化都是太阳作用的结果。对于<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="天文学家">天文学家</a>来说，太阳是唯一能够观测到表面细节的恒星。通过对太阳的研究，人类可以推断<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99" title="宇宙">宇宙</a>中其他恒星的特性，人类对恒星的了解大部分都来自于太阳。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="神话">神话</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=47" title="编辑章节：神话">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%A5%9E" class="mw-disambig" title="太阳神">太阳神</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%A5%9E%E9%B8%9F%E9%87%91%E7%AE%94%E7%89%87,_2017-09-17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%A5%9E%E9%B8%9F%E9%87%91%E7%AE%94%E7%89%87%2C_2017-09-17.jpg/220px-%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%A5%9E%E9%B8%9F%E9%87%91%E7%AE%94%E7%89%87%2C_2017-09-17.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%A5%9E%E9%B8%9F%E9%87%91%E7%AE%94%E7%89%87%2C_2017-09-17.jpg/330px-%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%A5%9E%E9%B8%9F%E9%87%91%E7%AE%94%E7%89%87%2C_2017-09-17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%A5%9E%E9%B8%9F%E9%87%91%E7%AE%94%E7%89%87%2C_2017-09-17.jpg/440px-%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%A5%9E%E9%B8%9F%E9%87%91%E7%AE%94%E7%89%87%2C_2017-09-17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3272" data-file-height="2184" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%B2%99%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80" title="金沙遗址">金沙遗址</a>出土<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%A5%9E%E9%B8%9F%E9%87%91%E9%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="太阳神鸟金饰">太阳神鸟金箔</a>，被认为与“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%B6%B3%E7%83%8F" title="三足烏">金乌</a>负日”的传说有关</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="希腊神话">希腊神话</a>中，太阳的保护神是<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97" title="阿波罗">阿波罗</a>，而<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%88%A9%E4%BF%84%E6%96%AF" title="赫利俄斯">赫利俄斯</a>則負責駕駛乘載太陽的飛車。</li> <li>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="北歐神話">北歐神話</a>中，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94_(%E5%8C%97%E6%AC%A7%E7%A5%9E%E7%A5%87)" class="mw-redirect" title="苏尔 (北欧神祇)">蘇爾</a>是駕駛日車的女神。</li> <li>在阿瑪納教教義中，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%A0%93" title="阿頓">阿頓神</a>的形象是日輪，祂不僅是世界的造創者和主宰者，而且是唯一一位值得被崇拜的神祇，其地位在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%82%AF%E9%82%A3%E9%A1%BF" title="阿肯那顿">阿肯那頓</a>法老在位時遠超於<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89_(%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E7%A5%9E%E7%A5%87)" title="拉 (埃及神祇)">拉神</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%92%99" title="阿蒙">阿蒙神</a>等其他同樣與太陽有關的神祇地位之上。</li> <li>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣原住民">台灣原住民</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E7%81%A3%E6%97%8F" title="排灣族">排灣族</a>中，部分排灣族地區太古時期第一代<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E8%90%BD%E9%A0%98%E8%A2%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="部落領袖（页面不存在）">部落領袖</a>、國王是由太陽誕生，因而在信仰文化中太陽具重要意義。</li> <li>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="中国神话">中国神话</a>传说中，太阳是三足<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E4%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="金乌">金乌</a>。《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%AE%E5%8D%97%E5%AD%90" title="淮南子">淮南子</a>·本經訓》：「逮至堯之時，十日並出，焦禾稼，殺草木，而民無所食。」《<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%B9%E6%9B%B8%E7%B4%80%E5%B9%B4" title="竹書紀年">竹書紀年</a>》亦載「八年，天有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A6%96%E5%AD%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="妖孽（页面不存在）">妖孽</a>，十日並出」。《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%B5%B7%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="山海經">山海經</a>·海外東經》和《大荒南經》、《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E8%BE%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="楚辭">楚辭</a>·天問》等亦載有此傳說。</li> <li>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="日本神話">日本神話</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%85%A7%E5%A4%A7%E7%A5%9E" title="天照大神">天照大神</a>是代表著太陽的主神。</li> <li>世界上有許多國家把<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%97%97" title="太陽旗">太陽當作設計國旗</a>的靈感來源。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="文學">文學</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=48" title="编辑章节：文學">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li>唐代<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD" title="李白">李白</a>有詩云：「日照香爐生紫煙，遙看瀑布掛前川。」</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見">參見</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=49" title="编辑章节：參見">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/48px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/64px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="Portal:太阳系">太阳系主题</a></li> <li style="display:table-row"><a href="/wiki/File:He1523a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/24px-He1523a.jpg" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/36px-He1523a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/49px-He1523a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="207" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="Portal:恒星">恒星主题</a></li></ul></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E6%8E%A2%E6%B8%AC%E5%99%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="太陽系探測器列表">太陽系探測器列表</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="尤里西斯号">尤里西斯号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90%E5%8F%B7" title="起源号">起源号</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%A5%9E%E5%8F%B7%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太阳神号探测器（页面不存在）">太阳神号探测器</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%88%E9%80%B2%E7%B5%84%E5%90%88%E6%8E%A2%E6%B8%AC%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="先進組合探測器（页面不存在）">先進組合探測器</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E6%8E%A2%E7%B4%A2%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽系探索時間線">太陽系探索時間線</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%97%A5%E9%BB%9E" title="反日點">反日點</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%95%E9%9B%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冕雲（页面不存在）">冕雲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" title="日震學">日震學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="太陽天文學">太陽天文學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽能">太陽能</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太陽表面融合（页面不存在）">太陽表面融合</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽系">太陽系</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BDX%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太陽X射線天文學（页面不存在）">太陽X射線天文學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人類文化中的太陽（页面不存在）">人類文化中的太陽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%A5%9E" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="太陽神">太陽神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD-%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E6%97%A5" title="太陽-地球日">太陽-地球日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" title="太陽輻射">太阳辐射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E9%A3%8E" title="太阳风">太阳风</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E5%85%89" title="极光">极光</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E8%BC%9D" title="氣輝">气辉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%9D%95" class="mw-redirect" title="日蝕">日蝕</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太阳天文学时间表（页面不存在）">太阳天文学时间表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B8" title="太陽常數">太阳常数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%A3%81%E5%9C%BA" title="太阳磁场">太阳磁场</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8" title="太阳活动">太阳活动</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E9%A2%84%E6%8A%A5" title="太阳活动预报">太阳活动预报</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93" title="太阳同步轨道">太阳同步轨道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="太阳物理学">太阳物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%AC" title="太阳自转">太阳自转</a></li> <li>恆星 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E4%BA%AE%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="恆星亮度列表">恆星亮度列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="恆星演化">恆星演化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%85%89%E8%AD%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="恆星光譜">恆星光譜</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E6%98%9F" title="暗能量星">暗能量星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B4%9E" title="黑洞">黑洞</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註解">註解</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=50" title="编辑章节：註解">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="notelist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-short-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-short_22-0">1.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-short_22-1">1.1</a> ，本文中的所有數位都是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95" title="西方的数字命名法">短刻度</a>，billion這個詞表示109，或 1,000,000,000 </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> ，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E7%86%B1%E6%B3%89#生物" title="海底熱泉">海底熱液群落</a>生活在海底深處，無法獲得陽光。細菌通過<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E8%83%BD%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="化能合成">化能合成</a>將含硫化合物作為能源。 </li> </ol> </div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-斯達地-206"><a href="#cite_ref-斯達地_206-0">^</a> 斯達地是古希臘、羅馬的長度單位，約＝600希臘尺，合607英尺；賽跑場的跑道以這個長度為准。 </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參看">參看</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=51" title="编辑章节：參看">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="references-small"> <ul><li>Kenneth R. Lang: Die Sonne - Stern unserer Erde. Springer, Berlin - Heidelberg - New York 1996. ISBN 3-540-59437 （德文）</li> <li>Rudolf Kippenhahn: Der Stern von dem wir leben. DVA, Stuttgart 1990. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9783421027559" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-421-02755-9</a> （德文）</li> <li>Helmut Scheffler, Hans Elsässer: Physik der Sterne und der Sonne. BI-Wiss.-Verl., Mannheim 1990. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9783411141722" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-411-14172-2</a> （德文）</li> <li>Sackmann, I. et al., 1993, Astrophysical Journal, 418, 457 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1993ApJ...418..457S">ADS</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20151104075722/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1993ApJ...418..457S">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A%E8%99%9F" title="國際標準期刊號">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0004-637X">0004-637X</a> （英文）</li> <li>C. Bounama, W. v. Bloh, S. Franck: Das Ende des Raumschiffs Erde. in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft. Spektrum, Heidelberg 2004,10（Okt.）,S.52–59. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A%E8%99%9F" title="國際標準期刊號">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0170-2971">0170-2971</a> （德文）</li> <li>Wolfgang Mattig: Die Sonne. C.H.Beck, München 1995. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9783406390012" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-406-39001-2</a> （德文）</li> <li>Wolfgang Mattig: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sonneonline.org/deu/sonne103/pdf/67-71.pdf">Bevor die Sonnenbeobachtung zur Sonnenphysik wurde – in Deutschland und Umgebung.</a> in: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sonneonline.org/">SONNE.</a> Mitteilungsblatt der Amateursonnenbeobachter. Berlin 2002,103, 67（online - pdf）. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A%E8%99%9F" title="國際標準期刊號">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0721-0094">0721-0094</a> （德文）</li> <li>Michael Stix: The Sun - An Introduction. 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[2023-06-29]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230706214540/https://www.cidianwang.com/shuowenjiezi/yang4719.htm">存档</a>于2023-07-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.btitle=%E6%B8%85%E4%BB%A3%E9%99%88%E6%98%8C%E6%B2%BB%E5%88%BB%E6%9C%AC%E3%80%90%E8%AF%B4%E6%96%87%E8%A7%A3%E5%AD%97%E3%80%91%E9%99%BD&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cidianwang.com%2Fshuowenjiezi%2Fyang4719.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-BARNHART776-26"><a href="#cite_ref-BARNHART776_26-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Barnhart, R.K. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/barnhartconcised0000unse">The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology</a>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" class="mw-redirect" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. 1995: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/barnhartconcised0000unse/page/n803">776</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-06-270084-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-06-270084-1">ISBN 978-0-06-270084-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.aufirst=R.K.&rft.aulast=Barnhart&rft.btitle=The+Barnhart+Concise+Dictionary+of+Etymology&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-06-270084-1&rft.pages=776&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbarnhartconcised0000unse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Orel-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Orel_27-0">26.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Orel_27-1">26.1</a> Vladimir Orel (2003) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Orel-AHandbookOfGermanicEtymology/mode/2up/search/sun">A Handbook of Germanic Etymology</a>, Brill </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Little, William; Fowler, H.W.; Coulson, J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxforduniversald07litt">Sol</a><img alt="需要免费注册" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. 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[2020-07-02]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807081832/https://www.spaceacademy.net.au/library/notes/anticlok.htm">存档</a>于2020-08-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.atitle=The+Anticlockwise+Solar+System&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.spaceacademy.net.au&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceacademy.net.au%2Flibrary%2Fnotes%2Fanticlok.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-lodders-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lodders_50-0">48.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lodders_50-1">48.1</a> <cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katharina_Lodders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katharina Lodders（页面不存在）">Lodders, Katharina</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151107043527/http://weft.astro.washington.edu/courses/astro557/LODDERS.pdf">Solar System Abundances and Condensation Temperatures of the Elements</a> (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 2003-07-10, 591 (2): 1220–1247 [2015-09-01]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003ApJ...591.1220L">Bibcode:2003ApJ...591.1220L</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.666.9351">CiteSeerX 10.1.1.666.9351</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:42498829">S2CID 42498829</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F375492">doi:10.1086/375492</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weft.astro.washington.edu/courses/astro557/LODDERS.pdf">原始内容</a> (PDF)存档于2015-11-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.atitle=Solar+System+Abundances+and+Condensation+Temperatures+of+the+Elements&rft.aufirst=Katharina&rft.aulast=Lodders&rft.date=2003-07-10&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.pages=1220-1247&rft.volume=591&rft_id=%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.666.9351&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweft.astro.washington.edu%2Fcourses%2Fastro557%2FLODDERS.pdf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A42498829&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003ApJ...591.1220L&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F375492&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  <cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katharina_Lodders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katharina Lodders（页面不存在）">Lodders, K.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2003/pdf/5272.pdf">Abundances and Condensation Temperatures of the Elements</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteoritics_%26_Planetary_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteoritics & Planetary Science（页面不存在）">Meteoritics & Planetary Science</a>. 2003, 38 (suppl): 5272 [2008-08-03]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003M&PSA..38.5272L">Bibcode:2003M&PSA..38.5272L</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513163004/http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2003/pdf/5272.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2011-05-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.atitle=Abundances+and+Condensation+Temperatures+of+the+Elements&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.aulast=Lodders&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=suppl&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.pages=5272&rft.volume=38&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lpi.usra.edu%2Fmeetings%2Fmetsoc2003%2Fpdf%2F5272.pdf&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003M%26PSA..38.5272L&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-hkt2004-51"><a href="#cite_ref-hkt2004_51-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Hansen, C.J.; Kawaler, S.A.; Trimble, V. 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G. M.; Hoppe, R.; Bergemann, M.; Calvo, F. Solar oxygen abundance using SST/CRISP center-to-limb observations of the O I 7772 Å line. 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Fresh insights on the structure of the solar core. <a href="/wiki/The_Astrophysical_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Astrophysical Journal">The Astrophysical Journal</a>. 2009, 699 (2): 1403–1417. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ApJ...699.1403B">Bibcode:2009ApJ...699.1403B</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11044272">S2CID 11044272</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/0905.0651">arXiv:0905.0651</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F699%2F2%2F1403">doi:10.1088/0004-637X/699/2/1403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.atitle=Fresh+insights+on+the+structure+of+the+solar+core&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.aulast=Basu&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.pages=1403-1417&rft.volume=699&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11044272&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F0905.0651&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009ApJ...699.1403B&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F699%2F2%2F1403&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-NASA1-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NASA1_60-0">58.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASA1_60-1">58.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASA1_60-2">58.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASA1_60-3">58.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASA1_60-4">58.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASA1_60-5">58.5</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASA1_60-6">58.6</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/interior.shtml">NASA/Marshall Solar Physics</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marshall_Space_Flight_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marshall Space Flight Center（页面不存在）">Marshall Space Flight Center</a>. 2007-01-18 [2009-07-11]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190329081742/https://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/interior.shtml">存档</a>于2019-03-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.btitle=NASA%2FMarshall+Solar+Physics&rft.date=2007-01-18&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Marshall+Space+Flight+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsolarscience.msfc.nasa.gov%2Finterior.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <cite class="citation conference">Broggini, C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/econf/C030626">Physics in Collision, Proceedings of the XXIII International Conference: Nuclear Processes at Solar Energy</a>. 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Zeuthen, Germany: 21. 2003 [2013-08-12]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003phco.conf...21B">Bibcode:2003phco.conf...21B</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0308537">arXiv:astro-ph/0308537</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170421113407/http://www.slac.stanford.edu/econf/C030626/">存档</a>于2017-04-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.aulast=Broggini&rft.btitle=Physics+in+Collision%2C+Proceedings+of+the+XXIII+International+Conference%3A+Nuclear+Processes+at+Solar+Energy&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=conference&rft.pages=21&rft.place=Zeuthen%2C+Germany&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slac.stanford.edu%2Feconf%2FC030626&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F0308537&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003phco.conf...21B&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-jpcs271_1_012031-62"><a href="#cite_ref-jpcs271_1_012031_62-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Goupil, M.J.; Lebreton, Y.; Marques, J.P.; Samadi, R.; Baudin, F. Open issues in probing interiors of solar-like oscillating main sequence stars 1. From the Sun to nearly suns. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Physics:_Conference_Series&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Physics: Conference Series（页面不存在）">Journal of Physics: Conference Series</a>. 2011, 271 (1): 012031. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JPhCS.271a2031G">Bibcode:2011JPhCS.271a2031G</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4776237">S2CID 4776237</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1102.0247">arXiv:1102.0247</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1742-6596%2F271%2F1%2F012031">doi:10.1088/1742-6596/271/1/012031</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.atitle=Open+issues+in+probing+interiors+of+solar-like+oscillating+main+sequence+stars+1.+From+the+Sun+to+nearly+suns&rft.au=Baudin%2C+F.&rft.au=Lebreton%2C+Y.&rft.au=Marques%2C+J.P.&rft.au=Samadi%2C+R.&rft.aufirst=M.J.&rft.aulast=Goupil&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Physics%3A+Conference+Series&rft.pages=012031&rft.volume=271&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4776237&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1102.0247&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011JPhCS.271a2031G&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1742-6596%2F271%2F1%2F012031&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">The Borexino Collaboration. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2934-0">Experimental evidence of neutrinos produced in the CNO fusion cycle in the Sun</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a>. 2020, 587 (?): 577–582 [2020-11-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020Natur.587..577B">Bibcode:2020Natur.587..577B</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33239797">PMID 33239797</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:227174644">S2CID 227174644</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/2006.15115">arXiv:2006.15115</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-020-2934-0">doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2934-0</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127093809/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2934-0">存档</a>于2020-11-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.atitle=Experimental+evidence+of+neutrinos+produced+in+the+CNO+fusion+cycle+in+the+Sun&rft.au=The+Borexino+Collaboration&rft.date=2020&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=%3F&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=577-582&rft.volume=587&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A227174644&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41586-020-2934-0&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2006.15115&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020Natur.587..577B&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41586-020-2934-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33239797&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Phillips1995-47-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Phillips1995-47_64-0">62.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Phillips1995-47_64-1">62.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Phillips1995-47_64-2">62.2</a> <cite class="citation book">Phillips, K.J.H. Guide to the Sun. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. 1995: 47–53. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-39788-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-39788-9">ISBN 978-0-521-39788-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.aufirst=K.J.H.&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.btitle=Guide+to+the+Sun&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-39788-9&rft.pages=47-53&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Zirker2002-15-65"><a href="#cite_ref-Zirker2002-15_65-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Zirker, J.B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/journeyfromcente0000zirk/page/15">Journey from the Center of the Sun</a>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. 2002: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/journeyfromcente0000zirk/page/15">15–34</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-691-05781-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-691-05781-1">ISBN 978-0-691-05781-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.aufirst=J.B.&rft.aulast=Zirker&rft.btitle=Journey+from+the+Center+of+the+Sun&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-691-05781-1&rft.pages=15-34&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjourneyfromcente0000zirk%2Fpage%2F15&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Shu, F.H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/physicaluniverse00shuf/page/102">The Physical Universe: An Introduction to Astronomy</a>. 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The role of helium in the outer solar atmosphere. <a href="/wiki/The_Astrophysical_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Astrophysical Journal">The Astrophysical Journal</a>. 1997, 482 (1): 498–509. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997ApJ...482..498H">Bibcode:1997ApJ...482..498H</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F304111">doi:10.1086/304111</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.atitle=The+role+of+helium+in+the+outer+solar+atmosphere&rft.au=Holzer%2C+T.E.&rft.au=Leer%2C+E.&rft.aufirst=V.H.&rft.aulast=Hansteen&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.pages=498-509&rft.volume=482&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997ApJ...482..498H&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F304111&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Erdelyi2007-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Erdelyi2007_84-0">82.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erdelyi2007_84-1">82.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erdelyi2007_84-2">82.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erdelyi2007_84-3">82.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erdelyi2007_84-4">82.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erdelyi2007_84-5">82.5</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erdelyi2007_84-6">82.6</a> <cite class="citation journal">Erdèlyi, R.; Ballai, I. Heating of the solar and stellar coronae: a review. Astron. 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Song, Paul; Singer, Howard J.; <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Siscoe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Siscoe（页面不存在）">Siscoe, George L.</a> (编). 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Dwivedi, B.N. (编). Dynamic Sun. Cambridge University Press. 2003: 275. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-81057-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-81057-9">ISBN 978-0-521-81057-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.atitle=Particle+Acceleration&rft.au=J.A.%2C+Miller&rft.aufirst=Emslie&rft.aulast=A.G&rft.btitle=Dynamic+Sun&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-521-81057-9&rft.pages=275&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW_oZYFplXX0C%26pg%3DPA275&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090718014855/https://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/22apr_currentsheet.htm">A Star with two North Poles</a>. Science @ NASA. 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Solar Dynamo Theory. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2014, 52: 251–290. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ARA&A..52..251C">Bibcode:2014ARA&A..52..251C</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17829477">S2CID 17829477</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-astro-081913-040012">doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-081913-040012</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.atitle=Solar+Dynamo+Theory&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.aulast=Charbonneau&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.pages=251-290&rft.volume=52&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A17829477&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014ARA%26A..52..251C&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev-astro-081913-040012&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Zirker2002-119-111"><a href="#cite_ref-Zirker2002-119_111-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Zirker, J.B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/journeyfromcente0000zirk/page/119">Journey from the Center of the Sun</a>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. 2002: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/journeyfromcente0000zirk/page/119">119–120</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-691-05781-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-691-05781-1">ISBN 978-0-691-05781-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.aufirst=J.B.&rft.aulast=Zirker&rft.btitle=Journey+from+the+Center+of+the+Sun&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-691-05781-1&rft.pages=119-120&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjourneyfromcente0000zirk%2Fpage%2F119&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Lang-112"><a href="#cite_ref-Lang_112-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Lang, Kenneth R. 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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (PDF)使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|format=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#format_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>). 1947, 107 (2): 211. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1947MNRAS.107..211A">Bibcode:1947MNRAS.107..211A</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.atitle=Magneto-hydrodynamic+waves%2C+and+the+heating+of+the+solar+corona&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.aulast=Alfv%C3%A9n&rft.date=1947&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Notices+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society&rft.pages=211&rft.volume=107&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1947MNRAS.107..211A&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Parker2-194"><a href="#cite_ref-Parker2_194-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFParker1988" class="citation journal">Parker, E.N. Nanoflares and the solar X-ray corona. Astrophysical Journal (PDF)使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|format=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#format_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>). 1988, 330 (1): 474. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988ApJ...330..474P">Bibcode:1988ApJ...330..474P</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F166485">doi:10.1086/166485</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.atitle=Nanoflares+and+the+solar+X-ray+corona&rft.aufirst=E.N.&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Astrophysical+Journal&rft.pages=474&rft.volume=330&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988ApJ...330..474P&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F166485&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Sturrock-195"><a href="#cite_ref-Sturrock_195-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSturrockUchida1981" class="citation journal">Sturrock, P.A.; Uchida, Y. Coronal heating by stochastic magnetic pumping. Astrophysical Journal (PDF)使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|format=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#format_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>). 1981, 246 (1): 331. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981ApJ...246..331S">Bibcode:1981ApJ...246..331S</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F158926">doi:10.1086/158926</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.atitle=Coronal+heating+by+stochastic+magnetic+pumping&rft.au=Uchida%2C+Y.&rft.aufirst=P.A.&rft.aulast=Sturrock&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Astrophysical+Journal&rft.pages=331&rft.volume=246&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1981ApJ...246..331S&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F158926&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Kasting-196"><a href="#cite_ref-Kasting_196-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFKastingAckerman1986" class="citation journal">Kasting, J.F.; Ackerman, T.P. Climatic Consequences of Very High Carbon Dioxide Levels in the Earth’s Early Atmosphere. Science. 1986, 234 (4782): 1383–1385. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11539665">PMID 11539665</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.11539665">doi:10.1126/science.11539665</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.atitle=Climatic+Consequences+of+Very+High+Carbon+Dioxide+Levels+in+the+Earth%E2%80%99s+Early+Atmosphere&rft.au=Ackerman%2C+T.P.&rft.aufirst=J.F.&rft.aulast=Kasting&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4782&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=1383-1385&rft.volume=234&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.11539665&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11539665&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> Robert Zimmerman, "What's Wrong with Our Sun?", Sky and Telescope August 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100403053003/http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2009/01apr_deepsolarminimum.htm">Deep Solar Minimum - NASA Science</a>. [2011-05-01]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2009/01apr_deepsolarminimum.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2010-04-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.btitle=Deep+Solar+Minimum+-+NASA+Science&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fheadlines%2Fy2009%2F01apr_deepsolarminimum.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> NASA, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2009/27oct_eve.htm">"The Sun's Sneaky Variability"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100405072607/http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2009/27oct_eve.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, October 27, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Sarah Gibson; Janet Kozyra, Giuliana de Toma, Barbara Emery, Terry Onsager and Barbara Thompson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425051709/http://ihy2007.org/WHI/RIO_PRES/Gibson_WHI_WSM_JD16.pdf">WHI vs WSM and comparative solar minima: If the Sun is so quiet, why is the Earth still ringing?</a> (PDF). International Astronomical Union: 3. 2009 [2010-01-06]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ihy2007.org/WHI/RIO_PRES/Gibson_WHI_WSM_JD16.pdf">原始内容</a> (PDF)存档于2012-04-25）. <q>Ulysses during polar passes: lower magnetic field (35%), density (20%), speed (3%)(McComas et al., 2008; Balogh and Smith, 2008; Issaultier et al., 2008)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.au=Sarah+Gibson&rft.btitle=WHI+vs+WSM+and+comparative+solar+minima%3A+If+the+Sun+is+so+quiet%2C+why+is+the+Earth+still+ringing%3F&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=International+Astronomical+Union&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fihy2007.org%2FWHI%2FRIO_PRES%2FGibson_WHI_WSM_JD16.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-oed-201"><a href="#cite_ref-oed_201-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/68uV2du02?url=http://oed.com/public/redirect/welcome-to-the-new-oed-online">planet, n.</a>. Oxford English Dictionary. 2007年12月 [2008-02-07]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50180718?query_type=word&queryword=planet">原始内容</a>存档于2012-07-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.btitle=planet%2C+n.&rft.date=2007-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.oed.com%2Fcgi%2Fentry%2F50180718%3Fquery_type%3Dword%26queryword%3Dplanet&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  Note: select the Etymology tab </li> <li id="cite_note-almagest-202"><a href="#cite_ref-almagest_202-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFGoldstein1997" class="citation journal">Goldstein, Bernard R. Saving the phenomena : the background to Ptolemy's planetary theory. Journal for the History of Astronomy (Cambridge (UK)). 1997, 28 (1): 1–12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997JHA....28....1G">Bibcode:1997JHA....28....1G</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.atitle=Saving+the+phenomena+%3A+the+background+to+Ptolemy%27s+planetary+theory&rft.aufirst=Bernard+R.&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+History+of+Astronomy&rft.pages=1-12&rft.volume=28&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997JHA....28....1G&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Ptolemy; Toomer, G. J. Ptolemy's Almagest. Princeton University Press. 1998. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780691002606" title="Special:网络书源/9780691002606">ISBN 9780691002606</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.au=Ptolemy&rft.btitle=Ptolemy%27s+Almagest&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780691002606&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFDavid_Leverington2003" class="citation book">David Leverington. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/babylontovoyager0000leve">Babylon to Voyager and beyond: a history of planetary astronomy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. 2003: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/babylontovoyager0000leve/page/6">6</a>–7. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0521808405" title="Special:网络书源/0521808405">ISBN 0521808405</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.au=David+Leverington&rft.btitle=Babylon+to+Voyager+and+beyond%3A+a+history+of+planetary+astronomy&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0521808405&rft.pages=6-7&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbabylontovoyager0000leve&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSider1973" class="citation journal">Sider, D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_classical-philology_1973-04_68_2/page/128">Anaxagoras on the Size of the Sun</a>. Classical Philology. 1973, 68 (2): 128–129. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/269068">JSTOR 269068</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F365951">doi:10.1086/365951</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.atitle=Anaxagoras+on+the+Size+of+the+Sun&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.aulast=Sider&rft.date=1973&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Classical+Philology&rft.pages=128-129&rft.volume=68&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F269068&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_classical-philology_1973-04_68_2%2Fpage%2F128&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F365951&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFGoldstein1967" class="citation journal">Goldstein, B.R. The Arabic Version of Ptolemy's Planetary Hypotheses. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 1967, 57 (4): 9–12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1006040">JSTOR 1006040</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1006040">doi:10.2307/1006040</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.atitle=The+Arabic+Version+of+Ptolemy%27s+Planetary+Hypotheses&rft.aufirst=B.R.&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.date=1967&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.pages=9-12&rft.volume=57&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1006040&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1006040&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/galilei_galileo.shtml">Galileo Galilei（1564–1642）</a>. BBC. [2006-03-22]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151107085655/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/galilei_galileo.shtml">存档</a>于2015-11-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.btitle=Galileo+Galilei%EF%BC%881564%E2%80%931642%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fhistoric_figures%2Fgalilei_galileo.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Ead, Hamed A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://levity.com/alchemy/islam21.html">Averroes As A Physician</a>. University of Cairo. [2011-05-03]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110510141145/http://www.levity.com/alchemy/islam21.html">存档</a>于2011-05-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.aufirst=Hamed+A.&rft.aulast=Ead&rft.btitle=Averroes+As+A+Physician&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=University+of+Cairo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flevity.com%2Falchemy%2Fislam21.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> A short History of scientific ideas to 1900, C. Singer, Oxford University Press, 1959, p. 151. </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> The Arabian Science, C. Ronan, pp. 201–244 in The Cambridge Illustrated History of the World's Science, Cambridge University Press, 1983; at pp. 213–214. </li> <li id="cite_note-Goldstein-212"><a href="#cite_ref-Goldstein_212-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFGoldstein1972" class="citation journal">Goldstein, Bernard R. Theory and Observation in Medieval Astronomy. Isis (University of Chicago Press). 1972年3月, 63 (1): 39–47 [44]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F350839">doi:10.1086/350839</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.atitle=Theory+and+Observation+in+Medieval+Astronomy&rft.aufirst=Bernard+R.&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.date=1972-03&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Isis&rft.pages=39-47+44&rft.volume=63&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F350839&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFS._M._Razaullah_Ansari2002" class="citation book">S. M. Razaullah Ansari. 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Journal of the British Astronomical Association (PDF)使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|format=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#format_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>). 1982, 92 (6): 257. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982JBAA...92..257M">Bibcode:1982JBAA...92..257M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.atitle=Observing+the+Sun+in+Safety&rft.aufirst=J.C.D.&rft.aulast=Marsh&rft.date=1982&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+British+Astronomical+Association&rft.pages=257&rft.volume=92&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1982JBAA...92..257M&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Espenak-246"><a href="#cite_ref-Espenak_246-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Espenak, F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120716084105/sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/SEhelp/safety.html">Eye Safety During Solar Eclipses</a>. NASA. 2005 [2006-03-22]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/SEhelp/safety.html">原始内容</a>存档于2012-07-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.aulast=Espenak&rft.btitle=Eye+Safety+During+Solar+Eclipses&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Feclipse%2FSEhelp%2Fsafety.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Haber2005-247"><a href="#cite_ref-Haber2005_247-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHaber2005" class="citation journal">Haber, Jorg; Magnor, Marcus; Seidel, Hans-Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110517074053/http://www.mpi-inf.mpg.de/~magnor/publications/tog05.pdf">Physically based Simulation of Twilight Phenomena</a> (PDF). ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG). 2005, 24 (4): 1353–1373 [2011-05-06]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F1095878.1095884">doi:10.1145/1095878.1095884</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mpi-inf.mpg.de/~magnor/publications/tog05.pdf">原始内容</a> (pdf)存档于2011-05-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.atitle=Physically+based+Simulation+of+Twilight+Phenomena&rft.aufirst=Jorg&rft.aulast=Haber&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=ACM+Transactions+on+Graphics+%28TOG%29&rft.pages=1353-1373&rft.volume=24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpi-inf.mpg.de%2F~magnor%2Fpublications%2Ftog05.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F1095878.1095884&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFI.G._Piggin1972" class="citation journal">I.G. Piggin. Diurnal asymmetries in global radiation. Springer. 1972, 20 (1): 41–48. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02243313">doi:10.1007/BF02243313</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.atitle=Diurnal+asymmetries+in+global+radiation&rft.au=I.G.+Piggin&rft.date=1972&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Springer&rft.pages=41-48&rft.volume=20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02243313&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216135504/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/features/understanding/greenflash.shtml">The Green Flash</a>. BBC. [2008-08-10]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/features/understanding/greenflash.shtml">原始内容</a>存档于2008-12-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.btitle=The+Green+Flash&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fweather%2Ffeatures%2Funderstanding%2Fgreenflash.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBarsh2003" class="citation journal">Barsh, G.S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC212702">What Controls Variation in Human Skin Color?</a>. PLoS Biology. 2003, 1 (1): e7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC212702">PMC 212702</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14551921">PMID 14551921</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0000027">doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0000027</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.atitle=What+Controls+Variation+in+Human+Skin+Color%3F&rft.aufirst=G.S.&rft.aulast=Barsh&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=PLoS+Biology&rft.pages=e7&rft.volume=1&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC212702&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC212702&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0000027&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14551921&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216024716/http://www.iau.org/public_press/themes/naming/#spelling">Naming Astronomical Objects: Spelling of Names</a>. International Astronomical Union. [2010-03-29]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iau.org/public_press/themes/naming/#spelling">原始内容</a>存档于2008-12-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.btitle=Naming+Astronomical+Objects%3A+Spelling+of+Names&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=International+Astronomical+Union&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iau.org%2Fpublic_press%2Fthemes%2Fnaming%2F%23spelling&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> William Little (ed.) Oxford Universal Dictionary, 1955. See entry on "Sol". </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Sol">"Sol"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110512160917/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Sol">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Merriam-Webster online, accessed July 19, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> 這包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" title="葡萄牙語">葡萄牙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西班牙語">西班牙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="冰島語">冰島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麥語">丹麥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="挪威語">挪威</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞典語">瑞典</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E6%98%82%E8%AA%9E" title="萊昂語">萊昂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E7%BE%85%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="加泰羅尼亞語">加泰羅尼亞</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="加利西亞語">加利西亞</a>。<cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mreclipse.com/Special/SElanguage.html">Total Solar Eclipse in Other Languages</a>. mreclipse.com. [2009-07-17]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090706090209/http://www.mreclipse.com/Special/SElanguage.html">存档</a>于2009-07-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.btitle=Total+Solar+Eclipse+in+Other+Languages&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=mreclipse.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mreclipse.com%2FSpecial%2FSElanguage.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> 此外，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%95%E9%AD%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="祕魯">祕魯</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%B2%A8" title="通貨">通貨</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81%E7%B4%A2%E5%B0%94" title="秘鲁索尔">祕魯新索爾</a>是以西班牙文的太陽命名的，像他的繼任者（前一代在1985年至1991年使用）祕魯印題（在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%98%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="克丘亞語">克丘亞</a>）。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波斯語">波斯</a>，“sol”的意思是"<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="太阳年">太陽年</a>"。 </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mer/images/pia01892.html">Opportunity's View, Sol 959（Vertical）</a>. NASA. 2006 [2007-08-01]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121022155351/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mer/images/pia01892.html">存档</a>于2012-10-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.btitle=Opportunity%27s+View%2C+Sol+959%EF%BC%88Vertical%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fmer%2Fimages%2Fpia01892.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Allison, M.; Schmunk, R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151125113743/http://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/mars24/help/notes.html">Technical Notes on Mars Solar Time as Adopted by the Mars24 Sunclock</a>. NASA/GISS. 2005 [2007-08-01]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/mars24/help/notes.html">原始内容</a>存档于2015-11-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&rft.au=Schmunk%2C+R.&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.aulast=Allison&rft.btitle=Technical+Notes+on+Mars+Solar+Time+as+Adopted+by+the+Mars24+Sunclock&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=NASA%2FGISS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.giss.nasa.gov%2Ftools%2Fmars24%2Fhelp%2Fnotes.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读">延伸阅读</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=53" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读">编辑</a>]</div> [<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q525" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q525">在维基数据编辑</a>] <dl><dd><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%AE%9A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90/%E6%9B%86%E8%B1%A1%E5%BD%99%E7%B7%A8/%E4%B9%BE%E8%B1%A1%E5%85%B8/%E6%97%A5%E9%83%A8#太阳" class="extiw" title="s:欽定古今圖書集成/曆象彙編/乾象典/日部">欽定古今圖書集成·曆象彙編·乾象典·日部</a>》，出自<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%A2%A6%E9%9B%B7" title="陈梦雷">陈梦雷</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90" title="古今图书集成">古今圖書集成</a>》</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結">外部連結</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3&action=edit&section=54" title="编辑章节：外部連結">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83112147">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Sun在维基百科的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E5%A7%8A%E5%A6%B9%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="Wikipedia:维基媒体姊妹项目">姊妹项目</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" />维基词典上的<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sun" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Sun">字词解释</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" />维基共享资源上的<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sun_(disambiguation)" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Sun (disambiguation)">多媒体资源</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" />维基新闻上的<a href="https://zh.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sun" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Sun">新闻</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" />维基语录上的<a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sun" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Sun">名言</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" />维基文库上的<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sun" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Sun">原始文献</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />维基教科书上的<a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sun" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Sun">教科书和手册</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" />维基学院上的<a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sun" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Sun">学习资源</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sun" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sun">分類:太阳</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2008/10/211604.html?id=211604">太陽誕生於宇宙大爆炸後幾十億年的恆星爆炸</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接">永久失效連結</a>]</li> <li>（英文） <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051127105208/http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/target/Sun">太阳图片集</a></li> <li>（英文） <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110302050243/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Sun">太阳系探险之太阳</a></li> <li>（英文） <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020602101414/http://ulysses.jpl.nasa.gov/">尤里西斯号</a></li> <li>（英文） <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genesismission.jpl.nasa.gov/">起源号</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20040321075551/http://genesismission.jpl.nasa.gov/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/">Nasa SOHO (Solar & Heliospheric Observatory) satellite</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110224201848/http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nso.edu/">National Solar Observatory</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140408014721/http://www.nso.edu/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronomycast.com/astronomy/episode-30-the-sun-spots-and-all/">Astronomy Cast: The Sun</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110512175051/http://www.astronomycast.com/astronomy/episode-30-the-sun-spots-and-all/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100927224224/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/47161/looking-into-the-sun">Looking Into the Sun</a> – slideshow by Life magazine</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2008/10/the_sun.html">A collection of spectacular images of the sun from various institutions</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110511124300/http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2008/10/the_sun.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（The Boston Globe）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170611210135/http://acrim.com/">Satellite observations of solar luminosity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181001081332/http://www.suntrek.org/">Sun|Trek, an educational website about the Sun</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050518081349/http://www.solarphysics.kva.se/">The Swedish 1-meter Solar Telescope, SST</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alienworlds.glam.ac.uk/sunStructure.html">An animated explanation of the structure of the Sun</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110810133537/http://alienworlds.glam.ac.uk/sunStructure.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（University of Glamorgan）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qpMRtvFD8ek&hl=fr">The Future of our sun</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110513213315/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qpMRtvFD8ek&hl=fr">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100315111135/http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2010/12mar_conveyorbelt.htm">Solar Conveyor Belt Speeds Up –NASA– images, link to report on Science</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3" title="Template:太阳"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3" title="Template talk:太阳"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:太阳"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="太阳" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">太阳</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="標準太陽模型">太陽內部結構</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83" title="太陽核心">核心</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84%E5%B1%A4" title="輻射層">輻射層</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AE%E6%97%8B%E5%B1%A4" title="差旋層">差旋層</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%B5%81%E5%B1%A4_(%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F)" title="對流層 (恆星)">對流層</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg/155px-The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg/233px-The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg/310px-The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA%27s_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4044" data-file-height="3860" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4" title="恆星大氣層">大氣層</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%90%83" title="光球">光球</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%B1%B3%E7%B2%92%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="超米粒組織">超米粒組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E7%B2%92%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="米粒组织">米粒组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%96%91" title="光斑">光斑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E9%BB%91%E5%AD%90" title="太阳黑子">太阳黑子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E7%90%83" title="色球">色球</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%9C%E6%96%91" title="譜斑">譜斑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%9D%E7%8B%80%E9%AB%94" title="針狀體">針狀體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E7%88%BE%E9%A0%93%E6%B3%A2" title="莫爾頓波">莫爾頓波</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%80%E6%96%91" title="耀斑">耀斑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%8F%A5" title="日珥">日珥</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%86%95" title="星冕">日冕</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E5%8D%80" title="過渡區">過渡區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%95%E6%B4%9E" title="冕洞">冕洞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%95%E7%92%B0" title="冕環">冕環</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%86%95%E5%B7%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%99%B4%E7%99%BC" title="日冕巨量噴發">日冕物質抛射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%94%E7%8B%80%E6%B5%81" title="盔狀流">盔狀流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E7%B1%B3%E8%BC%9D%E5%85%89" title="費米輝光">費米輝光</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8" title="太阳活动">活動</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F" title="太陽週期">太陽週期</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="太陽週期表">太陽週期表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%A5%B5%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%9F" title="太陽極大期">太陽極大期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%A5%B5%E5%B0%8F%E6%9C%9F" title="太陽極小期">太陽極小期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%A4%AB%E6%95%B8" title="沃夫數">沃夫數</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%80%E6%96%91" title="耀斑">耀斑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E5%BE%AE%E9%96%83%E7%84%B0" title="毫微閃焰">毫微閃焰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87" title="日震">日震</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%9C%88" title="太陽圈">太陽圈</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E9%A3%8E" title="太阳风">太阳风</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%9C%88%E9%9B%BB%E6%B5%81%E7%89%87" title="太陽圈電流片">電流片</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF%E6%BF%80%E6%B3%A2" title="终端激波">终端激波</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9E%98" title="日鞘">日鞘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%90%83%E5%B1%A4%E9%A0%82" title="日球層頂">日球層頂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%93%E5%BD%A2%E9%9C%87%E6%B3%A2" title="弓形震波">弓形激波</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8" title="太阳活动">太阳活动</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="太陽天文學">太陽天文學</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F" title="太陽發電機">太陽發電機</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" title="太陽望遠鏡">太陽望遠鏡</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%A3%9F" title="日食">日食</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%85%89" title="太阳光">太阳光</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" title="太陽輻射">太陽輻射</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E8%83%BD" title="太阳能">太阳能</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="太阳物理学">太阳物理学</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E6%97%A5" title="太阳日">太阳日</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="太阳系">太阳系</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B8" title="太陽常數">太陽常數</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="太阳中微子问题">太陽微中子問題</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90%E6%8C%AF%E8%8D%A1" title="中微子振荡">中微子振盪</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%E6%A5%B5%E5%B0%8F%E6%9C%9F" title="蒙德極小期">蒙德極小期</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%98%9F%E9%9B%B2" title="太陽星雲">太陽星雲</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E4%B8%8E%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="太阳系的形成与演化">太阳系的形成与演化</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%B8" title="日震學">日震學</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="標準太陽模型">標準太陽模型</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1" title="恒星光谱">恒星光谱</a>：<a href="/wiki/G%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="G型主序星">G型主序星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="太阳探測計畫" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99" title="Template:太陽任務"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99" title="Template talk:太陽任務"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:太陽任務"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="太阳探測計畫" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">太阳</a><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="Category:太阳探测卫星">探測計畫</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">现在</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8_(%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%8E%A2%E6%B8%AC%E5%99%A8)" title="風 (太陽探測器)">風</a>（1994）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%9C%88%E6%8E%A2%E6%B8%AC%E5%99%A8" title="太陽和太陽圈探測器">太陽和太陽圈探测器</a>（1995）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E8%BF%9B%E6%88%90%E5%88%86%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" title="先进成分探测器">先进成分探测器</a>（1997）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%87%BA%E5%8F%B7%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="日出号卫星">日出号卫星</a>（2006）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" title="日地关系天文台">日地關係天文臺</a>（2006）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" title="太陽動力學天文台">太陽動力學天文台</a>（2010）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E5%B1%A4%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E5%85%89%E8%AD%9C%E5%84%80%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="太陽過渡層成像光譜儀衛星">太陽過渡層成像光譜儀衛星</a>（2013）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%B1%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="深太空氣候天文台（页面不存在）">深太空氣候天文台</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Space_Climate_Observatory" class="extiw" title="en:Deep Space Climate Observatory">Deep Space Climate Observatory</a>）（2015）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BE%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%8E%A2%E6%B8%AC%E5%99%A8" title="派克太陽探測器">派克太陽探測器</a>（2018）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E8%BC%89%E5%85%B7" title="太陽軌道載具">太陽軌道載具</a>（2020）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%B2%E5%92%8C%E5%8F%B7" title="羲和号">羲和号</a>（羲和号）（2021）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E4%BA%91%E4%B8%89%E5%8F%B7E%E6%98%9F" title="风云三号E星">风云三号E星</a>（2021）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E7%88%B6%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="夸父计划">夸父计划</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E8%BF%9B%E5%A4%A9%E5%9F%BA%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" title="先进天基太阳天文台">夸父1号</a>）（2022）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%A5%9E-L1%E5%8F%B7%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" title="太阳神-L1号探测器">太阳神-L1号探测器</a>（2023）</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Skylab_Solar_flare.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Skylab_Solar_flare.jpg/100px-Skylab_Solar_flare.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Skylab_Solar_flare.jpg/150px-Skylab_Solar_flare.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Skylab_Solar_flare.jpg/200px-Skylab_Solar_flare.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2361" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Sun_-_August_1,_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sun_-_August_1%2C_2010.jpg/100px-Sun_-_August_1%2C_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sun_-_August_1%2C_2010.jpg/150px-Sun_-_August_1%2C_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sun_-_August_1%2C_2010.jpg/200px-Sun_-_August_1%2C_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4095" data-file-height="3647" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">过去</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E9%A9%B1%E8%80%855%E5%8F%B7" title="先驱者5号">先驱者5号</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E9%8B%926%E3%80%817%E3%80%818%E5%92%8C9%E5%8F%B7" title="先鋒6、7、8和9号">6、7、8和9號</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" title="軌道太陽天文台">軌道太陽天文台</a> <ul><li>OSO 1</li> <li>OSO 2/OSO B</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0%E4%B8%89%E8%99%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="軌道太陽天文台三號（页面不存在）">OSO 3</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSO_3" class="extiw" title="en:OSO 3">OSO 3</a>）</li> <li>OSO 4</li> <li>OSO 5</li> <li>OSO 6</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0%E4%B8%83%E8%99%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="軌道太陽天文台七號（页面不存在）">OSO 7</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSO_7" class="extiw" title="en:OSO 7">OSO 7</a>）</li> <li>OSO 8</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%A2%A8%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="太陽風衛星">太陽風衛星</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ESRO_2B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ESRO 2B（页面不存在）">ESRO 2B</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESRO_2B" class="extiw" title="en:ESRO 2B">ESRO 2B</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1%E8%A3%9D%E7%BD%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿波羅望遠鏡裝置（页面不存在）">阿波羅望遠鏡裝置</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Telescope_Mount" class="extiw" title="en:Apollo Telescope Mount">Apollo Telescope Mount</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%A5%9E%E8%99%9F" title="太陽神號">太陽神號</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%97%A5%E5%9C%B0%E6%8E%A2%E9%99%A9%E8%80%85%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E4%B8%80%E5%8F%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际日地探险者卫星一号（页面不存在）">ISEE-1</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISEE-1" class="extiw" title="en:ISEE-1">ISEE-1</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%97%A5%E5%9C%B0%E6%8E%A2%E9%99%A9%E8%80%85%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际日地探险者卫星二号（页面不存在）">ISEE-2</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISEE-2" class="extiw" title="en:ISEE-2">ISEE-2</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%BD%97%E6%98%9F%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际彗星探测器（页面不存在）">ICE/ISEE-3</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Cometary_Explorer" class="extiw" title="en:International Cometary Explorer">International Cometary Explorer</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%A5%B5%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%9F%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="太陽極大期任務衛星">太陽極大期任務衛星</a>（1980）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%AB%E9%B3%A5%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="火鳥衛星（页面不存在）">火鳥衛星</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinotori_(satellite)" class="extiw" title="en:Hinotori (satellite)">Hinotori (satellite)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%8F%B7" title="尤利西斯号">尤利西斯号</a>（1990-2009）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%8F%AF%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6%E8%BC%89%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲可回收載體（页面不存在）">EURECA</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Retrievable_Carrier" class="extiw" title="en:European Retrievable Carrier">European Retrievable Carrier</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B3%E5%85%89%E5%8F%B7%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="阳光号卫星">阳光号卫星</a>（1991-2001）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E8%BF%87%E6%B8%A1%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%97%A5%E5%86%95%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" title="太阳过渡区与日冕探测器">太陽過渡區與日冕探測器</a>（1998）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GOES_13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GOES 13（页面不存在）">GOES 13</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GOES_13" class="extiw" title="en:GOES 13">GOES 13</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E9%A9%AC%E7%AC%AC%E9%AB%98%E8%83%BD%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" title="拉马第高能太阳光谱成像探测器">拉馬第高能太陽光譜成像探測器</a>（2002）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%87%BA%E5%8F%B7%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="日出号卫星">日出号卫星</a> （2006）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOLAR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SOLAR（页面不存在）">SOLAR</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOLAR_(ISS)" class="extiw" title="en:SOLAR (ISS)">SOLAR (ISS)</a>） （2008）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E5%86%95-%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日冕-光子衛星（页面不存在）">日冕-光子衛星</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronas-Foton" class="extiw" title="en:Koronas-Foton">Koronas-Foton</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PROBA-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PROBA-2（页面不存在）">PROBA-2</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROBA-2" class="extiw" title="en:PROBA-2">PROBA-2</a>） （2009）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%AE%E5%8D%A1%E5%BE%B7%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皮卡德衛星（页面不存在）">皮卡德衛星</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picard_(satellite)" class="extiw" title="en:Picard (satellite)">Picard (satellite)</a>） （2010）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E5%9E%8BX%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%85%89%E8%AD%9C%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="微型X射線太陽光譜立方衛星（页面不存在）">MinXSS1/MinXSS2</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat" class="extiw" title="en:Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer CubeSat">Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer CubeSat</a>）（2015）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E9%81%94-201&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯巴達-201（页面不存在）">斯巴達-201</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">樣本取回</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90%E5%8F%B7" title="起源号">起源号</a>（2001）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">未來計畫</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PROBA-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PROBA-3（页面不存在）">PROBA-3</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROBA-3" class="extiw" title="en:PROBA-3">PROBA-3</a>）（2024）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E5%86%95%E5%92%8C%E6%97%A5%E7%90%83%E5%B1%A4%E8%81%AF%E7%B9%AB%E5%81%8F%E6%8C%AF%E6%8E%A2%E6%B8%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%98%9F%E5%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日冕和日球層聯繫偏振探測立方星座（页面不存在）">日冕和日球層聯繫偏振探測立方星座</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarimeter_to_Unify_the_Corona_and_Heliosphere" class="extiw" title="en:Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere">Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere</a>）（2025）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太陽物理學的科學支持技術（页面不存在）">太陽物理學的科學支持技術</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science-Enabling_Technologies_for_Heliophysics" class="extiw" title="en:Science-Enabling Technologies for Heliophysics">Science-Enabling Technologies for Heliophysics</a>）（2024）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%B8%86%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太陽帆衛星（页面不存在）">太陽帆衛星</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundiver_(space_mission)" class="extiw" title="en:Sundiver (space mission)">Sundiver (space mission)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B2%E8%81%AF%E9%87%8D%E8%81%AF%E5%92%8C%E5%B0%96%E9%BB%9E%E9%9B%BB%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E5%8B%98%E6%B8%AC%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="串聯重聯和尖點電動力學勘測衛星（页面不存在）">串聯重聯和尖點電動力學勘測衛星</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandem_Reconnection_and_Cusp_Electrodynamics_Reconnaissance_Satellites" class="extiw" title="en:Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites">Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites</a>）（2024）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SWFO-L1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SWFO-L1（页面不存在）">SWFO-L1</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Weather_Follow_On-Lagrange_1" class="extiw" title="en:Space Weather Follow On-Lagrange 1">Space Weather Follow On-Lagrange 1</a>）（2025）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%B7%A1%E6%B4%8B%E8%89%A6%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太陽巡洋艦衛星（页面不存在）">太陽巡洋艦衛星</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Cruiser" class="extiw" title="en:Solar Cruiser">Solar Cruiser</a>）（2025）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%9C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉格朗日計劃（页面不存在）">拉格朗日計劃</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrange_(spacecraft)" class="extiw" title="en:Lagrange (spacecraft)">Lagrange (spacecraft)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ADAHELI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ADAHELI（页面不存在）">ADAHELI</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADAHELI" class="extiw" title="en:ADAHELI">ADAHELI</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%AD%A6%E6%88%92%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太陽警戒衛星（页面不存在）">太陽警戒衛星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">已取消計畫</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E9%A9%B1%E8%80%85H%E5%8F%B7" title="先驱者H号">先驱者H号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" title="軌道太陽天文台">軌道太陽天文台</a>（AOSO/OSO J/OSO-K）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%93%A8%E5%85%B5" title="太陽哨兵">太陽哨兵</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="空间太阳望远镜（页面不存在）">空间太阳望远镜</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Solar_Telescope" class="extiw" title="en:Space Solar Telescope">Space Solar Telescope</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">太阳-地球</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84%E8%88%87%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太陽輻射與氣候實驗衛星（页面不存在）">SORCE</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Radiation_and_Climate_Experiment" class="extiw" title="en:Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment">Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BDX%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E5%84%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太陽X射線成像儀（页面不存在）">SXI</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_X-ray_Imager" class="extiw" title="en:Solar X-ray Imager">Solar X-ray Imager</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%BB%E5%8B%95%E7%A9%BA%E8%85%94%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84%E8%A8%88%E8%BC%BB%E7%85%A7%E5%BA%A6%E7%9B%A3%E8%A6%96%E5%99%A8%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="主動空腔輻射計輻照度監視器衛星（页面不存在）">ACRIMSAT</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACRIMSAT" class="extiw" title="en:ACRIMSAT">ACRIMSAT</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>括號內為發射年份，未來時間為預估發射年份</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="太阳系" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="Template:太阳系"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="Template talk:太阳系"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:太阳系"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="太阳系" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="太阳系">太阳系</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><figure class="mw-default-size noresize" typeof="mw:File"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Solar_System_Template_2.png" decoding="async" width="666" height="36" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="36" usemap="#ImageMap_fe2b4b563cdc4379" /><map name="ImageMap_fe2b4b563cdc4379"><area href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3" shape="rect" coords="0,0,90,35" alt="太阳" title="太阳" /><area href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%98%9F" shape="circle" coords="112,18,6" alt="水星" title="水星" /><area href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%98%9F" shape="circle" coords="153,18,8" alt="金星" title="金星" /><area href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83" shape="circle" coords="203,8,4" alt="月球" title="月球" /><area href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" shape="circle" coords="194,18,8" alt="地球" title="地球" /><area href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F" shape="circle" coords="233,18,8" alt="火星" title="火星" /><area href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" shape="circle" coords="239,13,3" alt="火卫一和火卫二" title="火卫一和火卫二" /><area href="/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" shape="circle" coords="271,18,8" alt="穀神星" title="穀神星" /><area href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E5%B8%B6" shape="rect" coords="256,0,288,35" alt="小行星主带" title="小行星主带" /><area href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F" shape="circle" coords="317,18,15" alt="木星" title="木星" /><area href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" shape="circle" coords="329,5,6" alt="木星的卫星" title="木星的卫星" /><area href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E7%8E%AF" shape="rect" coords="298,15,335,20" alt="木星环" title="木星环" /><area href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" shape="circle" coords="372,18,12" alt="土星" title="土星" /><area href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" shape="circle" coords="381,7,6" alt="土星的卫星" title="土星的卫星" /><area href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%8E%AF" shape="rect" coords="353,5,389,31" alt="土星环" title="土星环" /><area href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F" shape="circle" coords="418,18,12" alt="天王星" title="天王星" /><area href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" shape="circle" coords="427,10,6" alt="天王星的卫星" title="天王星的卫星" /><area href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F%E7%8E%AF" shape="rect" coords="408,4,429,34" alt="天王星环" title="天王星环" /><area href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F" shape="circle" coords="462,18,12" alt="海王星" title="海王星" /><area href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" shape="circle" coords="471,10,3" alt="海王星的卫星" title="海王星的卫星" /><area href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F%E7%8E%AF" shape="rect" coords="441,9,485,28" alt="海王星环" title="海王星环" /><area href="/wiki/%E5%86%A5%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F" shape="circle" coords="504,18,8" alt="冥王星" title="冥王星" /><area href="/wiki/%E5%86%A5%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" shape="circle" coords="510,13,3" alt="冥王星的卫星" title="冥王星的卫星" /><area href="/wiki/%E5%A6%8A%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" shape="circle" coords="534,18,8" alt="妊神星" title="妊神星" /><area href="/wiki/%E5%A6%8A%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" shape="circle" coords="540,13,3" alt="妊神星的卫星" title="妊神星的卫星" /><area href="/wiki/%E9%B8%9F%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" shape="circle" coords="567,18,8" alt="鸟神星" title="鸟神星" /><area href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E4%BC%8A%E4%BC%AF%E5%B8%A6" shape="rect" coords="490,0,580,35" alt="柯伊伯带" title="柯伊伯带" /><area href="/wiki/%E9%98%8B%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" shape="circle" coords="596,18,8" alt="阋神星" title="阋神星" /><area href="/wiki/%E9%98%8B%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" shape="circle" coords="602,13,3" alt="阋卫一" title="阋卫一" /><area href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E6%95%A3%E7%9B%A4" shape="rect" coords="581,0,610,35" alt="離散盤" title="離散盤" /><area href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%91" shape="rect" coords="623,0,640,35" alt="山形云" title="山形云" /><area href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%91" shape="rect" coords="641,0,666,35" alt="奥尔特云" title="奥尔特云" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">太阳</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E5%9C%88" title="太陽圈">太陽圈</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="行星" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="行星">行星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%98%9F" title="水星">水星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%98%9F" title="金星">金星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83" title="月球">月球</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F" title="火星">火星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="火星的卫星">火卫</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F" title="木星">木星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="木星的卫星">木衛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E7%8E%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="木星环">木星环</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" title="土星">土星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="土星的卫星">土卫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%8E%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="土星环">土星环</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F" title="天王星">天王星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="天王星的卫星">天卫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F%E7%8E%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="天王星环">天王星环</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F" title="海王星">海王星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="海王星的卫星">海卫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F%E7%8E%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="海王星环">海王星环</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AE%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="矮行星">矮行星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="穀神星">穀神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A5%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F" title="冥王星">冥王星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A5%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="冥王星的卫星">冥卫</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%8A%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="妊神星">妊神星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%8A%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="妊神星的卫星">妊卫</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%9F%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="鸟神星">鸟神星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S/2015_(136472)_1" title="S/2015 (136472) 1">鳥卫一</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%8B%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="阋神星">阋神星</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%8B%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="阋卫一">阋卫一</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="太阳系小天体" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding: 0.35em; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E5%B0%8F%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94" title="太陽系小天體">太阳系 小天体</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="小行星">小行星</a> （<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%9E%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="微型行星">微型行星</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="小行星族" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E6%97%8F" title="Category:小行星族">小行星族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9D%E8%9E%8D%E5%9E%8B%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="祝融型小行星">祝融型小行星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93" title="近地天体">近地小行星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E5%B8%B6" title="主小行星帶">主小行星帶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93" title="特洛伊天体">特洛伊天体</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E7%89%B9%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A" title="木星特洛伊">木星特洛伊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F%E7%89%B9%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A" title="海王星特洛伊">海王星特洛伊</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%E6%97%8F" title="希尔达族">希尔达族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E4%BA%BA%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="半人马小行星">半人马小行星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="小行星衛星">小行星衛星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E6%98%9F%E4%BD%93" title="流星体">流星体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="智神星">小行星2智神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="婚神星">小行星3婚神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B6%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="灶神星">小行星4灶神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%A5%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="健神星">小行星10健神星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">另见：<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%BC%E5%BE%97%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="值得關注的小行星列表">小行星列表</a>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F%E5%A4%96%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94" title="海王星外天體">海王星 外天体</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="古柏带" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E4%BC%8A%E4%BC%AF%E5%B8%A6" title="柯伊伯带">古柏带</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A5%E6%97%8F%E5%B0%8F%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94" title="冥族小天體">冥族小天體</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A1%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="亡神星">小行星90482亡神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F28978" title="小行星28978">小行星28978伊克西翁</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E5%8F%A4%E6%9F%8F%E5%B8%B6%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94" title="傳統古柏帶天體">傳統古柏帶天體</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F55637" title="小行星55637">小行星55637</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F20000" title="小行星20000">小行星20000伐罗那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F15760" title="小行星15760">小行星15760</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F55636" title="小行星55636">小行星55636</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9B%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="创神星">小行星50000创神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="雨神星">小行星38628雨神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F55565" title="小行星55565">小行星55565</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E6%95%A3%E7%9B%A4" title="離散盤">離散盤</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F84522" title="小行星84522">小行星84522</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_XR190" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 XR190">2004 XR190</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F90377" class="mw-redirect" title="小行星90377">小行星90377賽德娜</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%97%E6%98%9F" title="彗星">彗星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%BD%97%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="周期彗星列表">周期彗星</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E5%BD%97%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="非週期彗星列表">非周期彗星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E6%91%A9%E5%85%8B%E5%9E%8B%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="达摩克型小行星">达摩克型小行星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%91" title="内奥尔特云">内欧特云</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%91" title="奥尔特云">欧特云</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size: smaller"><div>另见：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E4%B8%8E%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="太阳系的形成与演化">太阳系的形成与演化</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="太阳系天体发现时间列表">太阳系天体发现时间列表</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="太阳系天体列表">轨道列表</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="太阳系天体大小列表">大小列表</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="太陽系的假設天體列表">太陽系的假設天體列表</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="太阳系模型">太阳系模型</a>，以及<a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="Portal:太阳系">太阳系主题</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="临近恒星系统" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%BF%91%E5%9C%B0%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:近地恒星系统"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%BF%91%E5%9C%B0%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template talk:近地恒星系统"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%BF%91%E5%9C%B0%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:近地恒星系统"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="临近恒星系统" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%B0%E8%BF%91%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="鄰近恆星列表">临近恒星系统</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>距离在10<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4" title="光年">光年</a>范围内的<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="恒星系统">恒星系统</a>（包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="棕矮星">褐矮恒星系统</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E0-5%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于0-5光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E0-5%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template talk:位于0-5光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E0-5%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:位于0-5光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="_0–5_光年_→" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">      0–5 <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4" title="光年">光年</a>   <a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E5-10%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于5-10光年范围内的恒星系统">→</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="G_V（黄）" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12em;"><a href="/wiki/G%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="G型主序星">G V</a> （黄）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="太阳系">太阳系</a>（0光年；1颗恒星、8颗行星）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E4%BA%BA%E9%A9%AC%E5%BA%A7%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="半人马座α">半人马座α</a>（4.365 ± 0.007光年；3颗恒星：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%96%80%E4%BA%8C" title="南門二">半人马座α星A</a>  · <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%96%80%E4%BA%8C" title="南門二">半人马座α星B</a>  · <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E9%82%BB%E6%98%9F" title="比邻星">半人马座α星C</a> (4.242 ± 0.002 光年)2p=1；2颗行星：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E4%BA%BA%E9%A6%AC%E5%BA%A7%CE%B1_Bb" title="半人馬座α Bb">半人馬座α Bb</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E9%84%B0%E6%98%9Fb" title="比鄰星b">比鄰星b</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%97%E9%84%B0%E6%98%9Fc" title="毗鄰星c">比邻星c</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E5-10%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于5-10光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E5-10%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template talk:位于5-10光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E5-10%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:位于5-10光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_5–10_光年_→" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E0-5%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于0-5光年范围内的恒星系统">←</a>   5–10 <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4" title="光年">光年</a>   <a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E10-15%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于10-15光年范围内的恒星系统">→</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="A_V（白）" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12em;"><a href="/wiki/A%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="A型主序星">A V</a> （白）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8B%BC%E6%98%9F" title="天狼星">天狼星</a>（8.58 ± 0.03光年；2颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="紅矮星">M V</a> （红矮星）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%B4%8D%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%9F" title="巴納德星">巴纳德星</a>（5.979 ± 0.003光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%A4%AB359" title="沃夫359">沃夫359</a>（7.78 ± 0.04光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B721185" class="mw-redirect" title="拉兰德21185">拉兰德21185</a>（8.29 ± 0.01光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E5%9D%A6726-8" title="魯坦726-8">鲸鱼座BL/UV</a>（8.73 ± 0.06光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF154" title="羅斯154">罗斯154</a>（9.67 ± 0.06光年；1颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="褐矮星" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="棕矮星">褐矮星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F#L型光谱" title="棕矮星">L</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_1049-5319" title="WISE 1049-5319">WISE 1049-5319</a>（6.588 ± 0.062光年）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F#Y型光谱" title="棕矮星">Y</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_0855%E2%80%930714" title="WISE 0855–0714">WISE 0855–0714</a>（7.175 ± 0.7光年）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E10-15%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于10-15光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E10-15%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template talk:位于10-15光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E10-15%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:位于10-15光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_10–15_光年_→" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E5-10%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于5-10光年范围内的恒星系统">←</a>   10–15 <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4" title="光年">光年</a>   <a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E15-20%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于15-20光年范围内的恒星系统">→</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="F_V（黄-白）" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12em;"><a href="/wiki/F%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="F型主序星">F V</a> （黄-白）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B2%B3%E4%B8%89" title="南河三">南河三</a>（11.44 ± 0.02光年；2颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="G_V（黄）" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12em;"><a href="/wiki/G%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="G型主序星">G V</a> （黄）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%80%89%E4%BA%94" title="天倉五">天倉五</a>（11.905 ± 0.007光年；1颗恒星、5颗行星：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AF%A8%E9%AD%9A%E5%BA%A7%CF%84b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鯨魚座τb（页面不存在）">b</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AF%A8%E9%AD%9A%E5%BA%A7%CF%84c&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鯨魚座τc（页面不存在）">c</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AF%A8%E9%AD%9A%E5%BA%A7%CF%84d&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鯨魚座τd（页面不存在）">d</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E9%AF%A8%E9%AD%9A%E5%BA%A7%CF%84e" title="鯨魚座τe">e</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E9%AF%A8%E9%AD%9A%E5%BA%A7%CF%84f" title="鯨魚座τf">f</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="K_V（橙）" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12em;"><a href="/wiki/K%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="K型主序星">K V</a> （橙）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%8B%91%E5%9B%9B" title="天苑四">天苑四</a>（10.480 ± 0.003光年；1颗恒星、2颗行星：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%8B%91%E5%9B%9Bb" title="天苑四b">b</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%8B%91%E5%9B%9Bc" title="天苑四c">c</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%B5%9D%E5%BA%A761" title="天鵝座61">天鵝座61</a>（11.40 ± 0.02光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E7%AC%AC%E5%AE%89%E5%BA%A7%CE%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="印第安座ε">印第安座ε</a>（11.81 ± 0.01光年；1颗恒星、2颗褐矮星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="紅矮星">M V</a> （红矮星）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF248" title="罗斯248">罗斯248</a>（10.31 ± 0.02光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%A1%E4%BC%8A9352" title="拉卡伊9352">拉卡伊9352</a>（10.69 ± 0.02光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF128" title="羅斯128">羅斯128</a>（10.94 ± 0.05光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9D%E7%93%B6%E5%BA%A7EZ" title="宝瓶座EZ">宝瓶座EZ</a>（11.27 ± 0.17光年；3颗恒星）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD725" title="格利泽725">格利泽725</a>（11.49 ± 0.06光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%BE%99%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%8734" title="格龙布里奇34">格龙布里奇34</a>（11.65 ± 0.03光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E8%9F%B9%E5%BA%A7DX" title="巨蟹座DX">巨蟹座DX</a>（11.83 ± 0.13光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A41061" title="格利澤1061">格利澤1061</a>（11.99 ± 0.06光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AF%A8%E9%AD%9A%E5%BA%A7YZ" title="鯨魚座YZ">鯨魚座YZ</a>（12.12 ± 0.14光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%98%9F" title="魯坦星">魯坦星</a>（12.25 ± 0.03光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E5%8A%A0%E7%99%BB%E6%98%9F" title="蒂加登星">蒂加登星</a>（12.57 ± 0.04光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%99%AE%E5%9D%A6%E6%98%9F" title="卡普坦星">卡普坦星</a>（12.76 ± 0.05光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%A1%E4%BC%8A8760" title="拉卡伊8760">拉卡伊8760</a>（12.87 ± 0.04光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%AD%AF%E6%A0%BC60" title="克魯格60">克魯格60</a>（13.15 ± 0.07光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF614" title="羅斯614">罗斯614</a>（13.34 ± 0.05光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%A4%AB1061" title="沃夫1061">沃夫1061</a>（13.92 ± 0.09光年；1颗恒星、3颗行星：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%83%E5%A4%AB1061b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沃夫1061b（页面不存在）">b</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%A4%AB1061c" title="沃夫1061c">c</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%83%E5%A4%AB1061d&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沃夫1061d（页面不存在）">d</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A41" title="格利澤1">格利澤1</a>（14.16 ± 0.06光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%A4%AB424" title="沃夫424">沃夫424</a>（14.31 ± 0.29光年；2颗恒星：A · B）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%BE%8A%E5%BA%A7TZ" title="白羊座TZ">白羊座TZ</a>（14.51 ± 0.19光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD687" title="格利泽687">格利泽687</a>（14.79 ± 0.06光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHS_292" title="LHS 292">LHS 292</a>（14.81 ± 0.25光年；1颗恒星）‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJ_1245" class="mw-redirect" title="GJ 1245">GJ 1245</a>（14.81 ± 0.07光年；3颗恒星）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD674" title="格利泽674">格利泽674</a>（14.82 ± 0.09光年；1颗恒星、1颗行星：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD674b" title="格利泽674b">b</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="白矮星" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="白矮星">白矮星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;line-height:3.6em;">DZ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E9%A9%AC%E5%8D%97%E6%98%9F" title="范马南星">范马南星</a>（14.02 ± 0.11光年；1颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="褐矮星" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="棕矮星">褐矮星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F#M型光谱" title="棕矮星">M</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SCR_1845-6357" title="SCR 1845-6357">SCR 1845-6357</a>（12.57 ± 0.05光年；2颗褐矮星）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEN_1048-3956" title="DEN 1048-3956">DEN 1048-3956</a>（13.12 ± 0.06光年；1颗褐矮星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F#T型光谱" title="棕矮星">T</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UGPS_J072227.51-054031.2" title="UGPS J072227.51-054031.2">UGPS 0722-05</a>（13.3 ± 2.0光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F#Y型光谱" title="棕矮星">Y</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WISE_0350-5658" title="WISE 0350-5658">WISE 0350-5658</a>（13.7+2.6 −1.9光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_1541-2250" title="WISE 1541-2250">WISE 1541-2250</a>（~13.7光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E15-20%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于15-20光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E15-20%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template talk:位于15-20光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E15-20%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:位于15-20光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_15–20_光年_→" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E10-15%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于10-15光年范围内的恒星系统">←</a>   15–20 <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4" title="光年">光年</a>   <a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E20-25%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于20-25光年范围内的恒星系统">→</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="A_V（白）" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12em;"><a href="/wiki/A%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="A型主序星">A V</a> （白）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E9%BC%93%E4%BA%8C" title="河鼓二">河鼓二</a>（16.69 ± 0.04光年；1颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="G（黄）" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1#G型" title="恒星光谱">G</a> （黄）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="次巨星">IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E9%9B%80%E5%85%AD" title="孔雀六">孔雀六</a>（19.92 ± 0.02光年；1颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/G%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="G型主序星">V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%BB%9A%E4%BA%8C" title="天廚二">天廚二</a>（18.77 ± 0.02光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E8%89%AF%E4%B8%89" title="王良三">王良三</a>（19.39 ± 0.05光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9B%AD%E5%A2%9E%E4%B8%89" title="天园增三">天园增三</a>（19.71 ± 0.02光年；1颗恒星、3颗行星：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E6%B1%9F%E5%BA%A782b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波江座82b（页面不存在）">行星b</a>  · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E6%B1%9F%E5%BA%A782c&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波江座82c（页面不存在）">行星c</a>  · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E6%B1%9F%E5%BA%A782d&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波江座82d（页面不存在）">行星d</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="K_V（橙）" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12em;"><a href="/wiki/K%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="K型主序星">K V</a> （橙）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groombridge_1618" title="Groombridge 1618">Groombridge 1618</a>（15.87 ± 0.04光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%B1%9F%E5%BA%A740" title="波江座40">波江座40</a>（16.25 ± 0.02光年；3颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E4%BA%BA%E5%9B%9B" title="宗人四">宗人四</a>（16.64 ± 0.07光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD570" title="格利泽570">格利泽570</a>（19.12 ± 0.08光年；3颗恒星、1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%87%E5%A4%AB%E5%BA%A736" title="蛇夫座36">蛇夫座36</a>（19.40 ± 0.05光年；3颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD783" title="格利泽783">格利泽783</a>（19.62 ± 0.04光年；2颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="紅矮星">M V</a> （红矮星）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4876" title="格利澤876">格利澤876</a>（15.21 ± 0.04光年；1颗恒星、4颗行星：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4876d" title="格利澤876d">行星d</a>  · <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD876c" title="格利泽876c">行星c</a>  · <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD876b" title="格利泽876b">行星b</a>  · <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4876e" title="格利澤876e">行星e</a>）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD1002" title="格利泽1002">格利泽1002</a>（15.31 ± 0.26光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHS_288" title="LHS 288">LHS 288</a>（15.55 ± 0.20光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD412" title="格利泽412">格利泽412</a>（15.86 ± 0.07光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%85%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%A7AD" title="獅子座AD">狮子座AD</a>（15.94 ± 0.22光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF832" title="葛利斯832">葛利斯832</a>（16.14 ± 0.08光年；1颗恒星、2颗行星：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD832b" title="格利泽832b">行星b</a>  · <a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF832c" title="葛利斯832c">行星c</a>）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9D%8E%E8%99%8E%E5%BA%A7EV" title="蝎虎座EV">蝎虎座EV</a>（16.46 ± 0.07光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD682" title="格利泽682">格利泽682</a>（16.47 ± 0.17光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E8%9F%B9%E5%BA%A7EI" title="巨蟹座EI">巨蟹座EI</a>（17.06 ± 0.23光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJ_3379" title="GJ 3379">GJ 3379</a>（17.10 ± 0.17光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2MASS_J15404342%E2%88%925101357" title="2MASS J15404342−5101357">2MASS J15404342−5101357</a>（17.37 ± 0.005光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD445" title="格利泽445">格利泽445</a>（17.42 ± 0.15光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD3323" title="格利泽3323">格利泽3323</a>（17.53 ± 0.003光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD526" title="格利泽526">格利泽526</a>（17.72 ± 0.002光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%A02051" title="施泰因2051">施泰因2051</a>（18.07 ± 0.08光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD251" title="格利泽251">格利泽251</a>（18.31 ± 0.15光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD205" title="格利泽205">格利泽205</a>（18.53 ± 0.11光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L_449-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L 449-1（页面不存在）">L 449-1</a>（18.6 ± 3.9光年；1颗恒星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LP_816-60" title="LP 816-60">LP 816-60</a>（18.63 ± 0.40光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD229" title="格利泽229">格利泽229</a>（18.77 ± 0.11光年；1颗恒星、1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF47" title="羅斯47">罗斯47</a>（18.88 ± 0.11光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4752" title="格利澤752">格利泽752</a>（19.08 ± 0.06光年；2颗恒星：A  · <a href="/wiki/VB_10" title="VB 10">B (vB 10)</a>）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD693" title="格利泽693">格利泽693</a>（19.2 ± 0.005光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD1005" title="格利泽1005">格利泽1005</a>（19.37 ± 0.11光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD908" title="格利泽908">格利泽908</a>（19.41 ± 0.14光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furuhjelm_46" title="Furuhjelm 46">Furuhjelm 46</a>（19.49 ± 0.2光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%8A%AC%E5%BA%A7YZ" title="小犬座YZ">小犬座YZ</a>（19.51 ± 0.24光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD268" title="格利泽268">格利泽268</a>（19.74 ± 0.008光年；2颗恒星）‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="白矮星" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="白矮星">白矮星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;line-height:3.6em;">DQ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJ_440" title="GJ 440">格利泽440</a>（15.09 ± 0.08光年；1颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="褐矮星" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="棕矮星">褐矮星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F#M型光谱" title="棕矮星">M</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LP_944-020&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LP 944-020（页面不存在）">LP 944-020</a>（16.19 ± 0.35光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2MASS_1835%2B3259" title="2MASS 1835+3259">2MASS 1835+3259</a>（18.48 ± 0.05光年；1颗褐矮星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F#L型光谱" title="棕矮星">L</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEN_0255-4700" title="DEN 0255-4700">DEN 0255-4700</a>（16.20 ± 0.32光年；1颗褐矮星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F#T型光谱" title="棕矮星">T</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEN_0817-6155" title="DEN 0817-6155">DEN 0817-6155</a>（16.1+1.1 −1.0光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_J0521%2B1025" title="WISE J0521+1025">WISE J0521+1025</a>（16.3 ± 0.4光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_1506%2B7027" title="WISE 1506+7027">WISE 1506+7027</a>（16.9+2.6 −2.0光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2MASS_J09393548%E2%88%922448279" title="2MASS J09393548−2448279">2MASS J09393548−2448279</a>（16.6 ± 0.44光年；2颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2MASS_0415-0935" title="2MASS 0415-0935">2MASS 0415-0935</a>（18.40 ± 0.23光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2MASS_J11145133%E2%88%922618235" title="2MASS J11145133−2618235">2MASS J11145133−2618235</a>（18.45 ± 0.76光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WISE_1741%2B2553&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WISE 1741+2553（页面不存在）">WISE 1741+2553</a>（18.5+2.6 −2.1光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_J2000%2B3629" title="WISE J2000+3629">WISE J2000+3629</a>（19.4 ± 6.7光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_J0254%2B0223" title="WISE J0254+0223">WISE J0254+0223</a>（19.8+2.7 −2.1光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2MASS_0937%2B2931&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2MASS 0937+2931（页面不存在）">2MASS 0937+2931</a>（19.97 ± 0.20光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F#Y型光谱" title="棕矮星">Y</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_1405%2B5534" title="WISE 1405+5534">WISE 1405+5534</a>（15.8+3.7 −2.5光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_2056%2B1459" title="WISE 2056+1459">WISE 2056+1459</a>（~17.0光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_0535-7500" title="WISE 0535-7500">WISE 0535-7500</a>（19.2+6.7 −3.9光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_0410%2B1502" title="WISE 0410+1502">WISE 0410+1502</a>（19.9+3.4 −2.5光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E20-25%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于20-25光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E20-25%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template talk:位于20-25光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E20-25%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:位于20-25光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_20–25_光年_→" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E15-20%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于15-20光年范围内的恒星系统">←</a>   20–25 <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4" title="光年">光年</a>   <a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E25-30%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于25-30光年范围内的恒星系统">→</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="G（黄）" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1#G型" title="恒星光谱">G</a> （黄）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="次巨星">IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%9B%87%E5%BA%A7%CE%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="水蛇座β">水蛇座β</a>（24.4 ± 0.1光年；1颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/G%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="G型主序星">V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E6%91%84%E6%8F%90%E5%A2%9E%E4%B8%80" title="左摄提增一">左摄提增一</a>（22.1 ± 0.2光年；2颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="次矮星">VI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A3%E9%81%93%E5%9B%9B" title="閣道四">阁道四</a>（24.6 ± 0.2光年；2颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="K_V（橙）" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12em;"><a href="/wiki/K%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="K型主序星">K V</a> （橙）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD892" title="格利泽892">格利泽892</a>（21.34 ± 0.04光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HR_753" title="HR 753">HR 753</a>（23.5 ± 0.2光年；3颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD667" title="格利泽667">格利泽667</a>（23.6 ± 0.1光年；3颗恒星、2 (3?)颗行星：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD667_Cb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格利泽667 Cb（页面不存在）">Cb</a>  · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD667_Cc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格利泽667 Cc（页面不存在）">Cc</a>  · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD667_Cd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格利泽667 Cd（页面不存在）">Cd</a>?）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_4628" title="HD 4628">格利泽33</a>（24.3 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E9%B1%BC%E5%BA%A7107" class="mw-redirect" title="双鱼座107">双鱼座107</a>（24.4 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%AD%9A%E5%BA%A7TW" title="南魚座TW">南鱼座TW</a>（24.9 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="紅矮星">M V</a> （红矮星）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD784" title="格利泽784">格利泽784</a>（20.1 ± 0.1光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD555" title="格利泽555">格利泽555</a>（20.39 ± 0.007光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD581" title="格利泽581">格利泽581</a>（20.4 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星、4 (6?)颗行星：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD581e" title="格利泽581e">e</a>  · <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD581b" title="格利泽581b">b</a>  · <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD581c" title="格利泽581c">c</a>  · <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD581g" title="格利泽581g">g</a>?  · <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD581d" class="mw-redirect" title="格利泽581d">d</a>  · <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD581f" title="格利泽581f">f</a>?）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E9%A6%AC%E5%BA%A7EQ" title="飛馬座EQ">飞马座EQ</a>（20.43 ± 0.2光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADS_7251" title="ADS 7251">ADS 7251</a>（20.65 ± 0.003光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHS_2090" title="LHS 2090">LHS 2090</a>（20.8 ± 0.4光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%87%E5%A4%AB%E5%BA%A7_V1054" title="蛇夫座 V1054">蛇夫座 V1054</a>（21.05 ± 0.07光年；5颗恒星：Ba  · Bb  · A  · Gl 643  · <a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%87%E5%A4%AB%E5%BA%A7_V1054" title="蛇夫座 V1054">C (vB 8)</a>）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%95%E5%A5%B3%E5%BA%A7GL" title="處女座GL">處女座GL</a>（21.08 ± 0.006光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJ_625" title="GJ 625">GJ 625</a>（21.1 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD1128" title="格利泽1128">格利泽1128</a>（21.2 ± 0.4光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD3737" title="格利泽3737">格利泽3737</a>（21.7 ± 0.03光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD408" title="格利泽408">格利泽408</a>（22.0 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD299" title="格利泽299">格利泽299</a>（22.07 ± 0.5光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD3522" title="格利泽3522">格利泽3522</a>（22.09 ± 0.7光年；3颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD829" title="格利泽829">格利泽829</a>（22.11 ± 0.3光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E7%88%BE%E8%8C%A8%E6%98%9F" title="舒爾茨星">舒爾茨星</a>（22.17 ± 0.3光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTT_1445" title="LTT 1445">LTT 1445</a>（22.3 ± 0.4光年；3颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4880" title="葛利澤880">葛利澤880</a>（22.4 ± 0.2光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD402" title="格利泽402">格利泽402</a>（22.7 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD393" title="格利泽393">格利泽393</a>（22.9 ± 0.4光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD809" title="格利泽809">格利泽809</a>（23.0 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHS_3003" title="LHS 3003">LHS 3003</a>（23.003 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJ_1068" title="GJ 1068">GJ 1068</a>（23.1 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD1286" title="格利泽1286">格利泽1286</a>（23.407 ± 0.6光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L_43-72&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L 43-72（页面不存在）">L 43-72</a>（23.5 ± 4.9光年；1颗恒星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD4274" title="格利泽4274">格利泽4274</a>（23.59 ± 1.1光年；1颗恒星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GJ_4063&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GJ 4063（页面不存在）">GJ 4063</a>（23.6+9.6 −5.3光年；1颗恒星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BE%AF%E5%BA%A7BB" title="摩羯座BB">摩羯座BB</a>（24.3 ± 0.1光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%9A%E5%BA%A7HU" title="海豚座HU">海豚座HU</a>（24.3 ± 0.5光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD3991" title="格利泽3991">格利泽3991</a>（24.7 ± 1.6光年；1颗恒星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G_141-36" title="G 141-36">G 141-36</a>（24.8 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD514" title="格利泽514">格利泽514</a>（24.9 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD4053" title="格利泽4053">格利泽4053</a>（24.92 ± 1.0光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="白矮星" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="白矮星">白矮星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;line-height:3.6em;">DZ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G_240-72" title="G 240-72">G 240-72</a>（20.20 ± 0.001光年；1颗恒星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LP_658-2" title="LP 658-2">LP 658-2</a>（21 ± 0.1光年；1颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="褐矮星" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="棕矮星">褐矮星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F#L型光谱" title="棕矮星">L</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2MASS_J08354256-0819237" title="2MASS J08354256-0819237">2MASS J08354256-0819237</a>（23.5 ± 0.1光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2MASS_1507-1627" title="2MASS 1507-1627">2MASS 1507-1627</a>（23.9 ± 0.1光年；1颗褐矮星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F#T型光谱" title="棕矮星">T</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2MASS_1503%2B2525" title="2MASS 1503+2525">2MASS 1503+2525</a>（20.75 ± 0.29光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIMP_J013656.5%2B093347" title="SIMP J013656.5+093347">SIMP J013656.5+093347</a>（20.9 ± 1.0光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WISE_J192841.35%2B235604.9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WISE J192841.35+235604.9（页面不存在）">WISE 1928+2356</a>（~22.8光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WISE_J000517.48%2B373720.5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WISE J000517.48+373720.5（页面不存在）">WISE 0005+3737</a>（~23.2光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISEPC_J121756.91%2B162640.2" class="mw-redirect" title="WISEPC J121756.91+162640.2">WISE 1217+1626</a>（~23.2光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_J004945.61%2B215120.0" title="WISE J004945.61+215120.0">WISE 0049+2151</a>（~24.1光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F#Y型光谱" title="棕矮星">Y</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_0146%2B4234" title="WISE 0146+4234">WISE 0146+4234</a>（~20.5光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_0410%2B1502" title="WISE 0410+1502">WISE 0410+1502</a>（~21.2光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_2056%2B1459" title="WISE 2056+1459">WISE 2056+1459</a>（~22.6光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_0713-2917" title="WISE 0713-2917">WISE 0713-2917</a>（~23.1光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_1405%2B5534" title="WISE 1405+5534">WISE 1405+5534</a>（~24.5光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E25-30%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于25-30光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E25-30%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template talk:位于25-30光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E25-30%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:位于25-30光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_25–30_光年_→" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E20-25%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于20-25光年范围内的恒星系统">←</a>   25–30 <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4" title="光年">光年</a>   <a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E30-35%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于30-35光年范围内的恒星系统">→</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="A_V（白）" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12em;"><a href="/wiki/A%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="A型主序星">A V</a> （白）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%90%BD%E5%B8%88%E9%97%A8" title="北落师门">北落师门</a>（25.1 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星、1颗行星：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%90%BD%E5%B8%AB%E9%96%80b" title="北落師門b">北落師門b</a>）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%94%E5%A5%B3%E4%B8%80" title="織女一">織女一</a>（25.30 ± 0.11光年；1颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="F_V（黄-白）" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12em;"><a href="/wiki/F%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="F型主序星">F V</a> （黄-白）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%83%E6%97%97%E5%85%AD" title="參旗六">參旗六</a>（26.2 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A1%E5%A5%B3%E5%9B%9B" title="御女四">御女四</a>（26.22 ± 0.11光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E5%96%99%E5%85%AD" title="鳥喙六">鳥喙六</a>（28.0 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%95%E4%B8%89" title="厕三">厕三</a>（29.3 ± 0.2光年；2颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="G（黄）" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1#G型" title="恒星光谱">G</a> （黄）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="次巨星">IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B8%82%E5%B7%A6%E5%9E%A3%E4%B8%89" title="天市左垣三">九河</a>（27.4 ± 0.2光年；4颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/G%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="G型主序星">V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%8F%B0%E4%BA%8C" title="下台二">下台二</a>（27.25 ± 0.18光年；3颗恒星、2颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E9%99%B3%E5%9B%9B" title="常陳四">常陳四</a>（27.3 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E5%A5%B3%E5%BA%A761" class="mw-redirect" title="室女座61">室女座61</a>（27.8 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星、3颗行星：<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E5%A5%B3%E5%BA%A761b" title="室女座61b">室女座61b</a>  · <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E5%A5%B3%E5%BA%A761c" title="室女座61c">室女座61c</a>  · <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E5%A5%B3%E5%BA%A761d" title="室女座61d">室女座61d</a>）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%80%AA%E5%9B%9B" title="司怪四">司怪四</a>（28.3 ± 0.3光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_156274" title="HD 156274">HD 156274</a>（28.7 ± 0.3光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E9%BC%8E%E4%B8%80" title="周鼎一">周鼎一</a>（29.9 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AF%A8%E9%AD%9A%E5%BA%A7%CE%BA" title="鯨魚座κ">鯨魚座κ</a>（29.9 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="次矮星">VI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A3%E9%81%93%E5%9B%9B" title="閣道四">閣道四</a>（25.0 ± 0.1光年；2颗恒星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E7%BE%85%E5%A7%86%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%90%891830" title="葛羅姆布里吉1830">葛羅姆布里吉1830</a>（29.9 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="K（橙）" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1#K型" title="恒星光谱">K</a> （橙）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="次巨星">IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%8B%91%E4%B8%89" title="天苑三">天苑三</a>（29.49 ± 0.06光年；1颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/K%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="K型主序星">V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4673" title="格利澤673">格利泽673</a>（25.2 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4884" title="格利澤884">格利泽884</a>（26.6 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_10360" class="mw-redirect" title="HD 10360">HD 10360</a>（26.6 ± 0.3光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4250" title="格利澤250">格利泽250</a>（28.4 ± 0.3光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_32147" title="HD 32147">HD 32147</a>（28.8 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E5%AE%BF%E5%A2%9E%E5%8D%81" title="牛宿增十">牛宿增十</a>（28.8 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星、2颗行星：<a href="/w/index.php?title=HR_7722_b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HR 7722 b（页面不存在）">HR 7722 b</a>  · <a href="/w/index.php?title=HR_7722_c&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HR 7722 c（页面不存在）">HR 7722 c</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="紅矮星">M V</a> （红矮星）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A44248" title="格利澤4248">格利澤4248</a>（25.0 ± 0.1光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%BE%8A%E5%BA%A7VX" title="白羊座VX">白羊座VX</a>（25.1 ± 0.1光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%88%86%E4%BB%AA%E5%BA%A7AN" title="六分仪座AN">六分仪座AN</a>（25.1 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIPS_1259-4336" title="SIPS 1259-4336">SIPS 1259-4336</a>（25.2 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LHS_1070&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LHS 1070（页面不存在）">LHS 1070</a>（25.2 ± 0.5光年；4颗恒星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G_192-13" title="G 192-13">G 192-13</a>（25.2 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A41093" title="格利澤1093">格利澤1093</a>（25.3 ± 0.7光年；1颗恒星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4701" title="格利澤701">格利泽701</a>（25.4 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LP_71-82" title="LP 71-82">LP 71-82</a>（25.4 ± 0.006光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A41224" title="格利澤1224">格利泽1224</a>（26.0 ± 0.06光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCR_J0740%E2%88%924257" title="SCR J0740−4257">SCR J0740−4257</a>（26.0 ± 0.06光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4257" title="格利澤257">格利泽257</a>（26.2 ± 0.6光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4623" title="格利澤623">格利泽623</a>（26.2 ± 0.3光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4480.1" title="格利澤480.1">格利泽480.1</a>（26.2 ± 0.1光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4793" title="格利澤793">格利泽793</a>（26.3 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A41154" title="格利澤1154">格利澤1154</a>（26.3 ± 0.9光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4300" title="格利澤300">格利泽300</a>（26.4 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4686" title="格利澤686">格利泽686</a>（26.5 ± 0.4光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A448" title="格利澤48">格利泽48</a>（26.6 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_173-19" title="L 173-19">L 173-19</a>（26.7 ± 0.1光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4486" title="格利澤486">格利泽486</a>（26.8 ± 0.6光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A454" title="格利澤54">格利泽54</a>（26.9 ± 0.08光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A41227" title="格利澤1227">格利泽1227</a>（26.9 ± 0.4光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4747" title="格利澤747">格利泽747</a>（27.1 ± 0.4光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCR_1138-7721" title="SCR 1138-7721">SCR 1138-7721</a>（27.1 ± 0.7光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A41289" title="格利澤1289">格利泽1289</a>（27.2 ± 0.7光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCR_J1546%E2%88%925534" title="SCR J1546−5534">SCR J1546−5534</a>（27.3 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TYC_3980-1081-1" title="TYC 3980-1081-1">TYC 3980-1081-1</a>（27.6 ± 0.6光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4232" title="格利澤232">格利泽232</a>（27.7 ± 0.4光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4185" title="格利澤185">格利泽185</a>（27.8 ± 0.4光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4493.1" title="格利澤493.1">格利泽493.1</a>（27.8 ± 1.0光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%B8%E9%B1%BC%E5%BA%A7CD" title="鲸鱼座CD">鲸鱼座CD</a>（28.0 ± 0.9光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4877" title="格利澤877">格利泽877</a>（28.1 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LP_502-56" title="LP 502-56">LP 502-56</a>（28.1 ± 0.07光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%B8%BD%E5%BA%A7AP" title="天鸽座AP">天鸽座AP</a>（28.2 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIPS_J1141-3624" title="SIPS J1141-3624">SIPS J1141-3624</a>（28.3 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A41207" title="格利澤1207">格利泽1207</a>（28.3 ± 0.4光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LP_991-84" title="LP 991-84">LP 991-84</a>（28.4 ± 0.4光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4450" title="格利澤450">格利泽450</a>（28.5 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4849" class="mw-redirect" title="格利澤849">格利泽849</a>（28.6 ± 0.5光年；1颗恒星、2颗行星：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD849b" title="格利泽849b">格利泽849b</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD849c&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格利泽849c（页面不存在）">格利泽849c</a>）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4745" title="格利澤745">格利泽745</a>（28.8 ± 0.6光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRAS_06355-7535" title="IRAS 06355-7535">LDS 169</a>（28.8 ± 0.8光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A41105" title="格利澤1105">格利泽1105</a>（28.8 ± 0.7光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4867" title="格利澤867">格利泽867</a>（29.0 ± 0.4光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF695" title="羅斯695">格利泽465</a>（29.0 ± 0.7光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCR_J0630-7643" title="SCR J0630-7643">SCR J0630-7643</a>（29.0 ± 0.5光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A42066" title="格利澤2066">格利泽2066</a>（29.1 ± 0.5光年；1颗恒星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E9%A6%AC%E5%BA%A7V374" title="飛馬座V374">GJ 4247</a>（29.1 ± 0.9光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHS_224" title="LHS 224">GJ 3421</a>（29.4 ± 0.8光年；1颗恒星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4433" class="mw-redirect" title="格利澤433">格利泽433</a>（29.5 ± 0.5光年；1颗恒星、2颗行星：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD433b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格利泽433b（页面不存在）">格利泽433b</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD433c&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格利泽433c（页面不存在）">格利泽433c</a>）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4508" title="格利澤508">格利泽508</a>（29.6 ± 0.05光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A43146" title="格利澤3146">格利泽3146</a>（29.6 ± 1.7光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%86%8A%E5%BA%A7SZ" title="大熊座SZ">格利泽424</a>（29.7 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A43801" title="格利澤3801">格利泽3801</a>（29.9 ± 0.9光年；1颗恒星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="白矮星" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="白矮星">白矮星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;">DA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G_99-47" title="G 99-47">G 99-47</a>（26.1 ± 0.8光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD915" class="mw-redirect" title="格利泽915">格利泽915</a>（26.7 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4318" title="格利澤318">格利泽318</a>（28.7 ± 0.5光年；1颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;">DC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD293" class="mw-redirect" title="格利泽293">格利泽293</a>（25.8 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;">DQ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHS_1126" title="LHS 1126">GJ 2012</a>（29.5 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;">DZ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_489" title="Wolf 489">Wolf 489</a>（27.2 ± 0.8光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A41276" title="格利澤1276">格利澤1276</a>（27.9 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4283" title="格利澤283">格利泽283</a>（29.7 ± 0.2光年；2颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="褐矮星" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="棕矮星">褐矮星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F#M型光谱" title="棕矮星">M</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DENIS_0334-49&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DENIS 0334-49（页面不存在）">DENIS 0334-49</a>（27.04 ± 0.83光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A43517" title="格利澤3517">格利澤3517</a>（28.2 ± 0.4光年；1颗褐矮星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F#L型光谱" title="棕矮星">L</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_0607%2B2429" title="WISE 0607+2429">WISE 0607+2429</a>（25.2+4.6 −3.9光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2MASS_0835-08&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2MASS 0835-08（页面不存在）">2MASS 0835-08</a>（27.9+2.9 −2.4光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISEPA_J164715.59%2B563208.2" title="WISEPA J164715.59+563208.2">WISE 1647+5632</a>（28.1+9.4 −5.6光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2MASS_J00361617%2B1821104" title="2MASS J00361617+1821104">2MASS J00361617+1821104</a>（28.4 ± 0.2光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_1800%2B0134" title="WISE 1800+0134">WISE 1800+0134</a>（28.7 ± 3.3光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2MASS_J04390101-2353083&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2MASS J04390101-2353083（页面不存在）">2MASS J04390101-2353083</a>（29.5 ± 1.1光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SDSS_J1416%2B1348&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SDSS J1416+1348（页面不存在）">SDSS J1416+1348</a>（29.7 ± 0.5光年；2颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2MASS_J16452211-1319516&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2MASS J16452211-1319516（页面不存在）">2MASS J16452211-1319516</a>（29.7 ± 1.7光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2MASS_J03552337%2B1133437" title="2MASS J03552337+1133437">2MASS J03552337+1133437</a>（29.8 ± 0.2光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F#T型光谱" title="棕矮星">T</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2MASS_0729-39&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2MASS 0729-39（页面不存在）">2MASS 0729-39</a>（25.8 ± 1.8光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UGPS_J0521%2B3640" title="UGPS J0521+3640">UGPS J0521+3640</a>（26.7+3.9 −3.2光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISEPA_J031325.96%2B780744.2" title="WISEPA J031325.96+780744.2">WISE 0313+7807</a>（~28.0光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2MASS_J03480772%E2%88%926022270" title="2MASS J03480772−6022270">2MASS J03480772−6022270</a>（29光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2MASS_0727%2B1710" title="2MASS 0727+1710">2MASS 0727+1710</a>（29.6 ± 0.6光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F#Y型光谱" title="棕矮星">Y</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_J222055.31-362817.4" title="WISE J222055.31-362817.4">WISE 2220-3628</a>（~26.4光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_1828%2B2650" class="mw-redirect" title="WISE 1828+2650">WISE 1828+2650</a>（26.7+3.2 −2.6光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_1738%2B2732" class="mw-redirect" title="WISE 1738+2732">WISE 1738+2732</a>（29.4+14.1 −7.2光年；1颗褐矮星）‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E30-35%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于30-35光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E30-35%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template talk:位于30-35光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E30-35%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:位于30-35光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_30–35_光年_→" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E25-30%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于25-30光年范围内的恒星系统">←</a>   30–35 <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4" title="光年">光年</a>   <a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E35-40%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于35-40光年范围内的恒星系统">→</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="巨星" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="巨星">巨星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A9%99%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="橙巨星（页面不存在）">K III</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B2%B3%E4%B8%89" title="北河三">北河三</a>（33.7 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星、1颗行星：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B2%B3%E4%B8%89" title="北河三">b</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="F_V（黄-白）" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12em;"><a href="/wiki/F%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="F型主序星">F V</a> （黄-白）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E9%9B%80%E5%BA%A7%CE%B3" title="孔雀座γ">孔雀座γ</a>（30.1 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="G_V（黄）" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12em;"><a href="/wiki/G%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="G型主序星">G V</a> （黄）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_102365" title="HD 102365">HR 4523</a>（30.1 ± 0.2光年；2颗恒星、1颗行星：<a href="/wiki/HD_102365" title="HD 102365">b</a>）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AF%A8%E9%AD%9A%E5%BA%A7%CE%BA1" title="鯨魚座κ1">鯨魚座κ1</a>（30.2 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%8F%B0%E5%A2%9E%E4%B8%80" title="下台增一">下台增一</a>（31.1 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%A1%88%E5%BA%A7%CE%B1" title="山案座α">山案座α</a>（33.1 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B5%E4%B8%89" title="大陵三">大陵三</a>（34.4 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="K_V（橙）" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12em;"><a href="/wiki/K%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="K型主序星">K V</a> （橙）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E4%B8%98%E5%85%AD" title="青丘六">青丘六</a>（31.1 ± 0.2光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD638&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格利泽638（页面不存在）">格利泽638</a>（31.9 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E8%82%86%E5%A2%9E%E5%9B%9B" title="列肆增四">列肆增四</a>（31.9 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_10780" title="HD 10780">HR 511</a>（32.5 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HR_5256" class="mw-redirect" title="HR 5256">HR 5256</a>（33.0 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4453" title="格利澤453">格利泽453</a>（33.2 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HR_857" class="mw-redirect" title="HR 857">HR 857</a>（33.9 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD688&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格利泽688（页面不存在）">格利泽688</a>（34.9 ± 0.5光年；1颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="紅矮星">M V</a> （红矮星）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A43325" title="格利澤3325">格利泽3325</a>（30.1光年；1颗恒星、1颗行星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD176" title="格利泽176">格利泽176</a>（30.6光年；1颗恒星、1颗行星：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD176b" title="格利泽176b">b</a>）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4367" title="格利澤367">格利泽367</a>（30.7光年；1颗恒星、1颗行星：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4367b" title="格利澤367b">b</a>）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4357" title="格利澤357">格利泽357</a>（30.7光年；1颗恒星、3颗行星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4479" title="格利澤479">格利泽479</a>（30.96光年；1颗恒星、1颗行星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJ_3512" title="GJ 3512">GJ 3512</a>（30.98光年；1颗恒星、2颗行星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A41253" title="格利澤1253">格利泽1253</a>（31.2光年；1颗恒星、1颗行星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%AF%E5%BE%AE%E9%8F%A1%E5%BA%A7AU" title="顯微鏡座AU">顯微鏡座AU</a>（31.6光年；1颗恒星、2颗行星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%99%E5%90%8E%E5%BA%A7V388" title="仙后座V388">格利澤49</a>（32.1光年；2颗恒星、1颗行星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AT_Microscopii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AT Microscopii（页面不存在）">AT Microscopii</a>（32.4光年；2颗恒星：<a href="/w/index.php?title=AT_Microscopii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AT Microscopii（页面不存在）">AT Mic A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AT_Microscopii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AT Microscopii（页面不存在）">AT Mic B</a>）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4239" title="格利澤239">格利泽239</a>（32.6光年；1颗恒星、2颗行星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD22" title="格利泽22">格利泽22</a>（33.0光年；3颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A41265" title="格利澤1265">格利泽1265</a>（33.3光年；1颗恒星、1颗行星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A43049" title="格利澤3049">格利泽3049</a>（33.3 ± 0.1光年；1颗恒星、1颗行星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF436" title="葛利斯436">葛利斯436</a>（33.4光年；1颗恒星、1 (3?)颗行星：c (UCF-1.01)? • <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4436b" title="格利澤436b">b</a> • d (UCF-1.02)?）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A41083" title="格利澤1083">格利泽1083</a>（33.4光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF649" title="葛利斯649">葛利斯649</a>（33.7光年；1颗恒星、1颗行星：<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF649b" title="葛利斯649b">b</a>）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4536" title="格利澤536">格利泽536</a>（33.9光年；1颗恒星、1颗行星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_98-59" title="L 98-59">L 98-59</a>（34.6 ± 0.09光年；1颗恒星、4颗行星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="白矮星" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="白矮星">白矮星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;">DA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_88-59" title="L 88-59">L 88-59</a>（31.6 ± 0.09光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LHS_145&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LHS 145（页面不存在）">LHS 145</a>（31.7 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD127.1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格利泽127.1（页面不存在）">格利泽127.1</a>（33.4 ± 0.6光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WD_0821-669&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WD 0821-669（页面不存在）">WD 0821-669</a>（34.7 ± 0.4光年；1颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;">DC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GJ_3182&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GJ 3182（页面不存在）">GJ 3182</a>（33.6 ± 1.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4339.1" title="格利澤339.1">格利泽339.1</a>（33.7 ± 0.6光年；1颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;">DQ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A43306" title="格利澤3306">格利澤3306</a>（30.6 ± 0.8光年；1颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="褐矮星" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="棕矮星">褐矮星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F#L型光谱" title="棕矮星">L</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2MASS_1750-00&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2MASS 1750-00（页面不存在）">2MASS 1750-00</a>（30.1 ± 0.7光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2MASS_J11553952-3727350&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2MASS J11553952-3727350（页面不存在）">2MASS J11553952-3727350</a>（31.2 ± 1.5光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2MASS_J08251968%2B2115521&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2MASS J08251968+2115521（页面不存在）">2MASS J08251968+2115521</a>（34.8 ± 0.4光年；1颗褐矮星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F#T型光谱" title="棕矮星">T</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WISEPC_J014807.25-720258.7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WISEPC J014807.25-720258.7（页面不存在）">WISE 0148-7202</a>（~30.0光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_0458%2B6434" title="WISE 0458+6434">WISE 0458+6434</a>（30.1 ± 0.6光年；2颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2MASS_0034%2B0523&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2MASS 0034+0523（页面不存在）">2MASS 0034+0523</a>（30.9 ± 2.4光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFBDS_J005910-011401" title="CFBDS J005910-011401">CFBD J0059-01</a>（30.1 ± 0.6光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WISE_J081117.81-805141.3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WISE J081117.81-805141.3（页面不存在）">WISE 0811-8051</a>（~32.0光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WISEPA_J161441.45%2B173936.7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WISEPA J161441.45+173936.7（页面不存在）">WISE 1614+1739</a>（~32.6光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ULAS_J133553.45%2B113005.2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ULAS J133553.45+113005.2（页面不存在）">ULAS J1335+11</a>（32.6 ± 0.5光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WISEPC_J115013.88%2B630240.7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WISEPC J115013.88+630240.7（页面不存在）">WISE 1150+6302</a>（~32.9光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WISE_J131833.98-175826.5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WISE J131833.98-175826.5（页面不存在）">WISE 1318-1758</a>（~32.9光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2MASS_0559-1404&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2MASS 0559-1404（页面不存在）">2MASS 0559-1404</a>（33.76 ± 0.35光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2MASS_J21392676%2B0220226" title="2MASS J21392676+0220226">2MASS J21392676+0220226</a>（33.79光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2M_1237%2B6526&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2M 1237+6526（页面不存在）">2MASS 1237+6526</a>（33.9 ± 1.8光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WISEPA_J132233.66-234017.1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WISEPA J132233.66-234017.1（页面不存在）">WISE 1322-2340</a>（~33.9光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISEPC_J121756.91%2B162640.2" class="mw-redirect" title="WISEPC J121756.91+162640.2">WISE 1217+1626</a>（34.2 ± 5.5光年；2颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2MASS_1047%2B2124&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2MASS 1047+2124（页面不存在）">2MASS 1047+2124</a>（34.4 ± 1.4光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2MASS_J00501994%E2%88%923322402&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2MASS J00501994−3322402（页面不存在）">2MASS J00501994−3322402</a>（34.5 ± 0.9光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2MASS_2228-4310&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2MASS 2228-4310（页面不存在）">2MASS 2228-4310</a>（34.7 ± 2.8光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2MASS_J02431371-2453298&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2MASS J02431371-2453298（页面不存在）">2MASS 0243-2453</a>（34.8 ± 1.4光年；1颗褐矮星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F#Y型光谱" title="棕矮星">Y</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_J0336-0143" title="WISE J0336-0143">WISE J0336-0143</a>（32.3 ± 0.025光年；2颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISEPA_J182831.08%2B265037.8" title="WISEPA J182831.08+265037.8">WISE 1828+2650</a>（32.5 ± 0.047光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_J073444.02-715744.0" class="mw-redirect" title="WISE J073444.02-715744.0">WISE 0734-7157</a>（~34.9光年；1颗褐矮星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E35-40%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于35-40光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E35-40%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template talk:位于35-40光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E35-40%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:位于35-40光年范围内的恒星系统"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_35–40_光年_→" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E30-35%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于30-35光年范围内的恒星系统">←</a>   35–40 <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4" title="光年">光年</a>   <a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%8D%E4%BA%8E40-45%E5%85%89%E5%B9%B4%E8%8C%83%E5%9B%B4%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:位于40-45光年范围内的恒星系统">→</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="巨星" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="巨星">巨星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A9%99%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="橙巨星（页面不存在）">K III</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%92%E6%98%9F" title="大角星">大角星</a>（36.7 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="A（白）" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1#A型" title="恒星光谱">A</a> （白）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="次巨星">IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%92%E5%A3%81%E9%98%B5%E5%9B%9B" title="垒壁阵四">垒壁阵四</a>（38.6 ± 0.4光年；4颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/A%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="A型主序星">V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%B8%9D%E5%BA%A7%E4%B8%80" title="五帝座一">五帝座一</a>（36.2 ± 0.4光年；1颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="F（黄-白）" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1#F型" title="恒星光谱">F</a> （黄- 白）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="次巨星">IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%BA%AA%E4%BA%8C" title="天纪二">天纪二</a>（35 ± 0.2光年；2颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/F%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="F型主序星">V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E5%9F%B7%E6%B3%95" title="右執法">右执法</a>（35.6 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%B3%E5%9E%A3%E5%9B%9B" title="天市右垣四">天市右垣四</a>（36.3 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B5%E5%A2%9E%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89" title="大陵增十三">大陵增十三</a>（36.6 ± 0.3光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E9%AD%9A%E5%BA%A7%CE%B6" title="劍魚座ζ">剑鱼座ζ</a>（38.0 ± 0.2光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BC%E4%B8%89" title="臼三">臼三</a>（38.8 ± 0.3光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%B8%8A%E7%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="东上相">东上相</a>（39.2 ± 0.4光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A7%CE%B6" title="南三角座ζ">南三角座ζ</a>（39.3 ± 0.3光年；2颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="G（黄）" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1#G型" title="恒星光谱">G</a> （黄）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="次巨星">IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E6%94%9D%E6%8F%90%E4%B8%80" title="右攝提一">右摄提一</a>（37.0 ± 0.3光年；2颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/G%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="G型主序星">V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A7%CE%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="三角座δ">三角座δ</a>（35.4 ± 0.3光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%8D%85%E5%BA%A711" title="小獅座11">小狮座11</a>（36.5 ± 0.3光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%80%E5%A2%9E%E4%B8%80" title="蜀增一">蜀增一</a>（38.8 ± 0.4光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BD%9F%E5%BA%A7%CE%B6" title="网罟座ζ">网罟座ζ</a>（39.2 ± 0.3光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E9%A6%AC%E5%BA%A785" class="mw-redirect" title="飛馬座85">飞马座85</a>（39.5 ± 0.4光年；3颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="K（橙）" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1#K型" title="恒星光谱">K</a> （橙）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A8%E6%98%9F" title="次巨星">IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_125072" title="HD 125072">格利泽542</a>（38.5 ± 0.1光年；1颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/K%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F" title="K型主序星">V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB635&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沃尔夫635（页面不存在）">格利泽653</a>（35.1 ± 0.4光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HR_9038&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HR 9038（页面不存在）">HR 9038</a>（35.2 ± 0.2光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_223778" title="HD 223778">格利泽909</a>（35.5 ± 0.1光年；3颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A486" class="mw-redirect" title="格利澤86">HR 637</a>（35.6 ± 0.2光年；2颗恒星、1颗行星：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD86b" title="格利泽86b">b</a>）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_160346" title="HD 160346">格利泽688</a>（35.9 ± 0.1光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_166620" title="HD 166620">HR 6806</a>（36.2 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E9%B1%BC%E5%BA%A754" class="mw-redirect" title="双鱼座54">双鱼座54</a>（36.2 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星、1颗褐矮星、1颗行星：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E9%B1%BC%E5%BA%A754b" title="双鱼座54b">b</a>）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_85512" title="HD 85512">格利泽370</a>（36.4 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星、1颗行星：<a href="/wiki/HD_85512_b" title="HD 85512 b">b</a>）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_74576" title="HD 74576">格利泽320</a>（36.5 ± 0.2光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_115404" title="HD 115404">格利泽505</a>（36.6 ± 0.4光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD208&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格利泽208（页面不存在）">格利泽208</a>（37.1 ± 0.6光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD902&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格利泽902（页面不存在）">格利泽902</a>（37.2 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD169&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格利泽169（页面不存在）">格利泽169</a>（37.4 ± 0.5光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_131511" title="HD 131511">HR 5553</a>（37.9 ± 0.4光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD773.6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格利泽773.6（页面不存在）">格利泽773.6</a>（38.5 ± 5.8光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD542&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格利泽542（页面不存在）">格利泽542</a>（38.6 ± 0.4光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4414" title="格利澤414">格利泽414</a>（38.7 ± 0.5光年；2颗恒星、2颗行星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD798&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格利泽798（页面不存在）">格利泽798</a>（39.5 ± 0.6光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_99279" title="HD 99279">格利泽428</a>（39.5 ± 0.02光年；2颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_72673" title="HD 72673">HR 3384</a>（39.6 ± 0.3光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_37394" title="HD 37394">HR 1925</a>（39.9 ± 0.4光年；1颗恒星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:12em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="紅矮星">M V</a> （红矮星）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVLM513-46546" title="TVLM513-46546">TVLM513-46546</a>（35光年；1颗恒星、1颗行星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4617" title="格利澤617">格利泽617</a>（35.1光年；2颗恒星、1颗行星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD488&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格利泽488（页面不存在）">格利泽488</a>（35.2 ± 0.4光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A44281" title="格利澤4281">格利泽4281</a>（35.5光年；1颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A41148" title="格利澤1148">格利泽1148</a>（35.9 ± 0.1光年；1颗恒星、2颗行星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4740" title="格利澤740">格利泽740</a>（36.2光年；1颗恒星、1颗行星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIP_57050&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIP 57050（页面不存在）">格利泽1148</a>（36.2 ± 1.1光年；1颗恒星、1颗行星：<a href="/w/index.php?title=HIP_57050_b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIP 57050 b（页面不存在）">b</a>）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4585" title="格利澤585">格利泽585</a>（36.6 ± 0.1光年；1颗恒星、1颗行星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD2" title="格利泽2">格利泽4</a>（37.5 ± 0.6光年；3颗恒星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E6%BE%A4180" title="格利澤180">格利泽180</a>（38.9光年；1颗恒星、3颗行星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRAPPIST-1" title="TRAPPIST-1">TRAPPIST-1</a>（39.6 ± 0.4光年；1颗恒星：<a href="/wiki/TRAPPIST-1b" title="TRAPPIST-1b">b</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=TRAPPIST-1c&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TRAPPIST-1c（页面不存在）">c</a> · <a href="/wiki/TRAPPIST-1d" title="TRAPPIST-1d">d</a> · <a href="/wiki/TRAPPIST-1e" title="TRAPPIST-1e">e</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=TRAPPIST-1f&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TRAPPIST-1f（页面不存在）">f</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=TRAPPIST-1g&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TRAPPIST-1g（页面不存在）">g</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=TRAPPIST-1h&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TRAPPIST-1h（页面不存在）">h</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="褐矮星" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="棕矮星">褐矮星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:4.85em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F#T型光谱" title="棕矮星">T</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WISEPC_J045853.90%2B643451.9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WISEPC J045853.90+643451.9（页面不存在）">WISE 0458+6434</a>（~35.9光年；2颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WISEPA_J231336.40-803700.3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WISEPA J231336.40-803700.3（页面不存在）">WISE 2313-8037</a>（~35.9光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WISE_J032547.72%2B083118.2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WISE J032547.72+083118.2（页面不存在）">WISE 0325+0831</a>（~36.5光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WISE_J003829.05%2B275852.1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WISE J003829.05+275852.1（页面不存在）">WISE 0038+2758</a>（~36.9光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WISEPA_J062720.07-111428.8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WISEPA J062720.07-111428.8（页面不存在）">WISE 0627-1114</a>（~37.2光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WISEPA_J195905.66-333833.7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WISEPA J195905.66-333833.7（页面不存在）">WISE 1959-3338</a>（~37.2光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_J222055.31-362817.4" title="WISE J222055.31-362817.4">WISE 2220-3628</a>（~37.4光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WISEPA_J062309.94-045624.6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WISEPA J062309.94-045624.6（页面不存在）">WISE 0623-0456</a>（~37.5光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WISEPC_J232519.54-410534.9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WISEPC J232519.54-410534.9（页面不存在）">WISE 2325-4105</a>（~37.5光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WISEPC_J234026.62-074507.2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WISEPC J234026.62-074507.2（页面不存在）">WISE 2340-0745</a>（~37.8光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WISEPC_J075946.98-490454.0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WISEPC J075946.98-490454.0（页面不存在）">WISE 0759-4904</a>（~38.8光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WISEPA_J075108.79-763449.6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WISEPA J075108.79-763449.6（页面不存在）">WISE 0751-7634</a>（~39.1光年；1颗褐矮星）</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WISEPA_J165311.05%2B444423.9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WISEPA J165311.05+444423.9（页面不存在）">WISE 1653+4444</a>（~39.5光年；1颗褐矮星）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>左栏标出的是星系中主要恒星的恒星类型。‡若考虑距离误差容限，恒星系统有可能在此范围外。  粗体字突出的恒星系统为拥有至少一颗<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9D%E5%AF%B9%E6%98%9F%E7%AD%89" class="mw-redirect" title="绝对星等">绝对星等</a>在+8.5或以上的恒星的恒星系统。斜体字突出的是有可能在此范围之外的恒星系统。</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q525#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q525#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q525#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1245970/">FAST</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/313030132">VIAF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX456637">西班牙</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11976333j">法国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11976333j">BnF data</a></li> 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