CINXE.COM
CURIA - Traineeships - Court of Justice of the European Union
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xml:lang="en" dir="ltr" > <head> <base href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/" /> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Jalios JCMS - Copyright (C) Jalios S.A. 2001 - 2024 - https://www.jalios.com/" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta name="keywords" content="CJUE, Curia, Cour de justice, Cour de justice de l'Union européenne, Tribunal général, Tribunal de la fonction publique, Jurisprudence, Court of justice, Court of justice of the European Union" /> <meta name="description" content="Court of Justice of the European Union" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="Court of Justice of the European Union" /> <title>CURIA - Traineeships - Court of Justice of the European Union</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/css/csspacker.jsp?v=20230232&css=css%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fcomponents%2Ftopbar%2Fjalios-topbar.css&css=css%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Ffonts%2Fwebfont-roboto.css&css=css%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Ffonts%2Fwebfont-roboto-condensed.css&css=css%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fbootstrap.css" media="all" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/css/csspacker.jsp?v=20230232&css=css%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Ffont-icons.css" media="all" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/css/csspacker.jsp?v=20230232&css=css%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fcore.css&css=css%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fcore-theme.css&css=css%2Ffff-sprite.css&css=css%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Flang.css&css=css%2Flib%2Fanimate%2Fanimate-custom.css&css=css%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fcomponents%2Fanimate%2Fjalios-rippler.css&css=css%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-dropdown-repositioning.css&css=css%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fcomponents%2Fa11y%2Fa11y.css&css=plugins%2FCuriaPlugin%2Fcss%2Fplugin.css" media="all" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/css/csspacker.jsp?v=20230232&css=plugins%2FGraphicCharterPlugin%2Fcss%2Fplugin.css&css=css%2Fwysiwyg.css&css=plugins%2FTextProcessorPlugin%2Fcss%2Fplugin.css&css=plugins%2FFormulaires%2Fcss%2Ffont-awesome-4.7.0%2Fcss%2Ffont-awesome.min.css&css=plugins%2FFormulaires%2Fcss%2Fjquery-ui.min.css&css=plugins%2FCURIAMainPlugin%2Fcss%2FhideApplicationCatalog.css&css=css%2Flib%2Fbootstrap-datetimepicker%2Fbootstrap-datetimepicker.css&css=plugins%2FGraphicCharterPlugin%2Fcss%2Fcuria-wysiwyg.css&css=custom%2Fcss%2Fstandard.css" media="all" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/css/csspacker.jsp?v=20230232&css=css%2Fprint.css" media="print" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/css/csspacker.jsp?v=20230232&css=plugins%2FCuriaPlugin%2Fcss%2FcoloredTitle%2F950930.css&css=plugins%2FCuriaPlugin%2Fcss%2Fno_column.css&css=plugins%2FCuriaPlugin%2Fcss%2Faccessibility.css&css=css%2Fportal%2Fjalios.css&css=plugins%2FGraphicCharterPlugin%2Fcookieconsent%2Fcookieconsent.min.css&css=plugins%2FBookmarksPlugin%2Fcss%2Fbookmarks.css" media="all" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/css/csspacker.jsp?v=20230232&css=plugins%2FCuriaPlugin%2Fcss%2Fportal%2Fprint.css" media="print" /> <style media="all"> <!-- .js .wdglang-fr { display: block; } --> </style> <script > /* <![CDATA[ */ document._contextPath = '/jcms'; /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/CuriaPlugin/images/favicon.ico?v=20230232" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/en/" /> <meta property="og:url" content="http://158.167.241.123:8090/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/en/"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Court of Justice of the European Union" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Traineeships - Court of Justice of the European Union" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="CURIA" /> <link href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/GraphicCharterPlugin/fontAwesome/css/all.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script defer src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/GraphicCharterPlugin/fontAwesome/js/all.js"></script> <meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer"></head> <body data-theme="default" data-jalios-pack-version="20230232" data-jalios-flashinfo-friendly-edit-url="{"types/FlashInfo/editFlashInfo.jsp":"plugins/FlashInfoPlugin/types/FlashInfo/editFlashInfoModal.jsp"}" id="AjaxCtxt-0-1732728904347" class=" body site-curia browser-IE7 jcms-ttcard-enabled zone_Public WS_j_4"> <script >document.body.className = document.body.className + ' js'</script> <a id="top" style="display:block;"></a> <div id="nbo1_147688_0" class="Outter PortletPortal ID_nbo1_147688 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Inner" > <div id="nbo1_147688_0_nbo1_147687_0" class="Outter PortletJspCollection ID_nbo1_147687 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletCollection Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="container-fluid InnerPortal"> <div class="row header"> <div id="nbo1_147688_0_nbo1_147687_0_nbo1_147612_0" class="Outter PortletJspCollection ID_nbo1_147612 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletCollection Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="container"> <div class="row bannerLangSearchLinksContainer hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <div class="col-md-9 col-md-offset-3 bannerLangSearchLinks"> <div class=" navHomePage"> <div id="nbo1_147688_0_nbo1_147687_0_nbo1_147612_0_nbo1_147626_4" class="Outter PortletNavigate ID_nbo1_147626 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/en/" class=" navToHomePage" > <span class="jalios-icon fa-lg topbar-home icomoon-home" ><span class="glyph-alt">Home</span></span> Home </a> </div> </div> <div class=" languageSwitching"> <div id="nbo1_147688_0_nbo1_147687_0_nbo1_147612_0_nbo1_147623_1" class="Outter PortletMenu ID_nbo1_147623 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet Inner menuLangCuria" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <span class="jalios-icon fa fa-comments" style="color:#fff; font-size:18px;"></span> <a class="ctxLangMenu ctx-caret ctxmenu newTitleSwitchingLang hidden-sm hidden-xs" href="#" id="jq_1">Choose a language</a> <a class="ctxLangMenu ctx-caret ctxmenu newTitleSwitchingLang visible-sm visible-xs" href="#" id="jq_1">en</a> <a href="#" class="ctxLangMenu ctx-caret ctxmenu MenuLangJCMS"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="en"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-en twemoji-flag GB-twflag" alt="en" title="English / en" /></span></a><ul class="ctxMenu click" id="ctxLangMenu" style="display: none; width: 110px;"><li class="icon"><a lang="bg" xml:lang="bg" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/bg/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="bg"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-bg twemoji-flag BG-twflag" alt="bg" title="Български / bg" /></span> Български / bg</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="es" xml:lang="es" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/es/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="es"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-es twemoji-flag ES-twflag" alt="es" title="Español / es" /></span> Español / es</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="cs" xml:lang="cs" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/cs/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="cs"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-cs twemoji-flag CZ-twflag" alt="cs" title="Česky / cs" /></span> Česky / cs</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="da" xml:lang="da" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/da/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="da"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-da twemoji-flag DK-twflag" alt="da" title="Dansk / da" /></span> Dansk / da</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="de" xml:lang="de" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/de/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="de"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-de twemoji-flag DE-twflag" alt="de" title="Deutsch / de" /></span> Deutsch / de</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="et" xml:lang="et" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/et/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="et"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-et twemoji-flag EE-twflag" alt="et" title="Eesti / et" /></span> Eesti / et</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="el" xml:lang="el" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/el/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="el"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-el twemoji-flag GR-twflag" alt="el" title="Ελληνικά / el" /></span> Ελληνικά / el</a></li><li class="icon disabled"><a lang="en" xml:lang="en" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/en/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="en"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-en twemoji-flag GB-twflag" alt="en" title="English / en" /></span> English / en</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="fr" xml:lang="fr" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/fr/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="fr"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-fr twemoji-flag FR-twflag" alt="fr" title="Français / fr" /></span> Français / fr</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="ga" xml:lang="ga" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/ga/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="ga"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-ga twemoji-flag IE-twflag" alt="ga" title="Gaeilge / ga" /></span> Gaeilge / ga</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="hr" xml:lang="hr" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/hr/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="hr"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-default iso639flag" alt="hr" title="Hrvatski / hr" /></span> Hrvatski / hr</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="it" xml:lang="it" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/it/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="it"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-it twemoji-flag IT-twflag" alt="it" title="Italiano / it" /></span> Italiano / it</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="lv" xml:lang="lv" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/lv/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="lv"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-lv twemoji-flag LV-twflag" alt="lv" title="Latviešu / lv" /></span> Latviešu / lv</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="lt" xml:lang="lt" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/lt/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="lt"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-lt twemoji-flag LT-twflag" alt="lt" title="Lietuvių / lt" /></span> Lietuvių / lt</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="hu" xml:lang="hu" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/hu/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="hu"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-hu twemoji-flag HU-twflag" alt="hu" title="Magyar / hu" /></span> Magyar / hu</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="mt" xml:lang="mt" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/mt/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="mt"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-mt twemoji-flag MT-twflag" alt="mt" title="Malti / mt" /></span> Malti / mt</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="nl" xml:lang="nl" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/nl/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="nl"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-nl twemoji-flag NL-twflag" alt="nl" title="Nederlands / nl" /></span> Nederlands / nl</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="pl" xml:lang="pl" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/pl/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="pl"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-pl twemoji-flag PL-twflag" alt="pl" title="Polski / pl" /></span> Polski / pl</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="pt" xml:lang="pt" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/pt/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="pt"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-pt twemoji-flag PT-twflag" alt="pt" title="Português / pt" /></span> Português / pt</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="ro" xml:lang="ro" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/ro/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="ro"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-ro twemoji-flag RO-twflag" alt="ro" title="Română / ro" /></span> Română / ro</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="sk" xml:lang="sk" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/sk/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="sk"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-sk twemoji-flag SK-twflag" alt="sk" title="Slovenčina / sk" /></span> Slovenčina / sk</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="sl" xml:lang="sl" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/sl/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="sl"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-sl twemoji-flag SI-twflag" alt="sl" title="Slovenščina / sl" /></span> Slovenščina / sl</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="fi" xml:lang="fi" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/fi/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="fi"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-fi twemoji-flag FI-twflag" alt="fi" title="Suomi / fi" /></span> Suomi / fi</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="sv" xml:lang="sv" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/sv/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="sv"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-sv twemoji-flag SE-twflag" alt="sv" title="Svenska / sv" /></span> Svenska / sv</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class=" navIcons"> <div id="nbo1_147688_0_nbo1_147687_0_nbo1_147612_0_nbo1_147759_5" class="Outter PortletNavigate ID_nbo1_147759 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> </div> </div> <div class=" search"> <div id="nbo1_147688_0_nbo1_147687_0_nbo1_147612_0_nbo1_147624_2" class="Outter PortletSearch ID_nbo1_147624 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="portletLightSearch hidden-print"> <div class="advancedSearch col-md-1 hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/CuriaPlugin/jsp/search.jsp?id=nbo1_147688&wrkspc=j_4" > <span class="jalios-icon fas fa-search-plus fa-lg"></span> </a> </div> <a class="simpleSearch-icon visible-sm visible-xs jalios-icon search-icon topbar-search glyphicons-search"></a> <div class="simpleSearch col-md-10 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <form action="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/CuriaPlugin/jsp/query.jsp" method="get" name="search" class="noSingleSubmitButton"> <div class="widget widget-light input-group tab-pane jalios-input-group "> <input class="form-control search" type="text" name="text" size="20" placeholder="Search" value=""/> </div> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.AppelDoffre"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.Brochure"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.CV"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="com.jalios.jcms.FileDocument"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.PressRelease"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilDocument"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilFichier"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilPublication"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilPeriode"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilReference"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilNumerique"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.Textes"/> <input type="hidden" name="typesOff" value="generated.RecueilPublication"/> <input type="hidden" name="textSearch" value="true"/> <input type="hidden" name="searchInFiles" value="true"/> <input type="hidden" name="mode" value="advanced"/> <input type="hidden" name="cids" value="T5_5118"/> <input type="hidden" name="langs" value="user"/> <input type="hidden" name="wrkspc" value="j_4"/> <input type="hidden" name="documentKinds" value="wordprocessing"/> <input type="hidden" name="documentKinds" value="spreadsheet"/> <input type="hidden" name="documentKinds" value="pdf"/> <input name="wrkspc" type="hidden" value="j_4" /> <input type="hidden" name="id" value="nbo1_147688" /> </form> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row mainNavLogo"> <div class="col-md-9 col-md-push-3 col-lg-9 col-lg-push-3 customNavCuria"> <div id="nbo1_147688_0_nbo1_147687_0_nbo1_147612_0_nbo1_147625_3" class="Outter PortletNavigate ID_nbo1_147625 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <nav class="navbar-default" role="navigation"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar-collapse-1"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbar-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav firstLine"> <!-- Gestion du premier niveau --> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5119/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > The Institution <span class="caret"></span> </a> <!-- CAS Mobile / Tablette > 4 Niveaux --> <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-lg hidden-md noDivider"> <!-- Debut - gestion du second Niveau --> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_6999/en/" class="" > General Presentation </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7000/en/" class="" > Annual Report </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7004/en/" class="" > Information brochures </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_64268/en/" class="" > Various documents </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7001/en/" class="" > Departments </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7006/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Working for the Court of Justice</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <!-- Debut - gestion du troisième Niveau --> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7007/en/" class="" > Jobs </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3956112/en/" class="" > Vacancies </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3954053/en/" class="" > Open-ended calls </a> </li> <li class='active'> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/en/" class="" > Traineeships </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_268713/en/" class="" > Freelance translators </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li> <!-- Fin - gestion du troisième Niveau --> </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7009/en/" class="" > Invitations to tender </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7011/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > History</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <!-- Debut - gestion du troisième Niveau --> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7015/en/" class="" > Annual reports </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7014/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Former Members</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <!-- Debut - gestion du quatrième Niveau --> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_217426/en/" class="" > Court of Justice </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_217427/en/" class="" > General Court </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_217428/en/" class="" > Civil Service Tribunal </a> </li> <!-- Fin - gestion du quatrième Niveau --> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5122/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Civil Service Tribunal</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <!-- Debut - gestion du quatrième Niveau --> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5230/en/" class="" > Presentation </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_67694/en/" class="" > 5th anniversary of the CST </a> </li> <!-- Fin - gestion du quatrième Niveau --> </ul> </li> <li class="divider"></li> <!-- Fin - gestion du troisième Niveau --> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3997859/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Commemorative events</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <!-- Debut - gestion du troisième Niveau --> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4335226/en/" class="" > 2004 enlargement - 20th anniversary </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3997862/en/" class="" > 70 years </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_93450/en/" class="" > 60 years </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_52201/en/" class="" > From 20 to 2020 </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2699076/en/" class="" > 30 years of the General Court (1989-2019) </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_95693/en/" class="" > 50 years "Van Gend en Loos" </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_170283/en/" class="" > 12 years"SKOURIS Presidency" </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li> <!-- Fin - gestion du troisième Niveau --> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7018/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Visiting the Court</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <!-- Debut - gestion du troisième Niveau --> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7021/en/" class="" > Access map </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7019/en/" class="" > Group Visits </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3862585/en/" class="" > Educational project </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3699043/en/" class="" > Tourist Visits </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3699062/en/" class="" > Individual visitors </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_129962/en/" class="" > Security rules and rules of conduct </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3699112/en/" class="" > Protection of personal data </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7020/en/" class="" > Library </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li> <!-- Fin - gestion du troisième Niveau --> </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7022/en/" class="" > Contact us </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_80908/en/" class="" > The Court in figures </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_25536/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Buildings</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <!-- Debut - gestion du troisième Niveau --> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943792/en/" class="" > The Palais </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943793/en/" class="" > The Anneau </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943794/en/" class="" > Erasmus building </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943795/en/" class="" > Thomas More building </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943796/en/" class="" > Themis building </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943797/en/" class="" > Comenius Tower </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943798/en/" class="" > Montesquieu Tower </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943799/en/" class="" > Rocca Tower </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943800/en/" class="" > The Gallery </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943801/en/" class="" > The history of the buildings </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943802/en/" class="" > Virtual Tour </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li> <!-- Fin - gestion du troisième Niveau --> </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_134088/en/" class="" > Sustainable management </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3831939/en/" class="" > Art at the Court </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_92908/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Access to documents</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <!-- Debut - gestion du troisième Niveau --> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_184871/en/" class="" > Access to administrative documents </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_184874/en/" class="" > Historical Archives </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li> <!-- Fin - gestion du troisième Niveau --> </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2699100/en/" class="" > Protection of personal data </a> </li> <!-- Fin - gestion du second Niveau --> </ul> <!-- CAS desktop > 2 Niveaux --> <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_6999/en/" class="" > General Presentation </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7000/en/" class="" > Annual Report </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7004/en/" class="" > Information brochures </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_64268/en/" class="" > Various documents </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7001/en/" class="" > Departments </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7006/en/" class="" > Working for the Court of Justice </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7009/en/" class="" > Invitations to tender </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7011/en/" class="" > History </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3997859/en/" class="" > Commemorative events </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7018/en/" class="" > Visiting the Court </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7022/en/" class="" > Contact us </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_80908/en/" class="" > The Court in figures </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_25536/en/" class="" > Buildings </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_134088/en/" class="" > Sustainable management </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3831939/en/" class="" > Art at the Court </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_92908/en/" class="" > Access to documents </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2699100/en/" class="" > Protection of personal data </a> </li> </ul> </li> <!-- Gestion du premier niveau --> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5120/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Court of Justice <span class="caret"></span> </a> <!-- CAS Mobile / Tablette > 4 Niveaux --> <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-lg hidden-md noDivider"> <!-- Debut - gestion du second Niveau --> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7024/en/" class="" > Presentation </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7025/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Members</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <!-- Debut - gestion du troisième Niveau --> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7026/en/" class="" > Presentation of the Members </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7029/en/" class="" > Composition of chambers </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_743290/en/" class="" > Members’ code of ethics </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li> <!-- Fin - gestion du troisième Niveau --> </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7030/en/" class="" > Registry </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7031/en/" class="" > Procedure </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2800214/en/" class="" > Data Protection </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7032/en/" class="" > Statistics of judicial activity </a> </li> <!-- Fin - gestion du second Niveau --> </ul> <!-- CAS desktop > 2 Niveaux --> <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7024/en/" class="" > Presentation </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7025/en/" class="" > Members </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7030/en/" class="" > Registry </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7031/en/" class="" > Procedure </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2800214/en/" class="" > Data Protection </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7032/en/" class="" > Statistics of judicial activity </a> </li> </ul> </li> <!-- Gestion du premier niveau --> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5121/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > General Court <span class="caret"></span> </a> <!-- CAS Mobile / Tablette > 4 Niveaux --> <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-lg hidden-md noDivider"> <!-- Debut - gestion du second Niveau --> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7033/en/" class="" > Presentation </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7034/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Members</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <!-- Debut - gestion du troisième Niveau --> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7035/en/" class="" > Presentation of the Members </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7038/en/" class="" > Composition of chambers </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_743291/en/" class="" > Members’ code of ethics </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_90360/en/" class="" > Terms of office since 1989 </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li> <!-- Fin - gestion du troisième Niveau --> </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7039/en/" class="" > Registry </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7040/en/" class="" > Procedure </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2800230/en/" class="" > Data Protection </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7041/en/" class="" > Statistics of judicial activity </a> </li> <!-- Fin - gestion du second Niveau --> </ul> <!-- CAS desktop > 2 Niveaux --> <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7033/en/" class="" > Presentation </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7034/en/" class="" > Members </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7039/en/" class="" > Registry </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7040/en/" class="" > Procedure </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2800230/en/" class="" > Data Protection </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7041/en/" class="" > Statistics of judicial activity </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="nav navbar-nav secondLine"> <!-- Gestion du premier niveau --> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5123/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Case-law <span class="caret"></span> </a> <!-- CAS Mobile / Tablette > 4 Niveaux --> <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-lg hidden-md noDivider"> <!-- Debut - gestion du second Niveau --> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_106307/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Access to the online Reports of Cases</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <!-- Debut - gestion du troisième Niveau --> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_106308/en/" class="" > Presentation </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_106309/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Court Reports - general</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <!-- Debut - gestion du quatrième Niveau --> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_106311/en/" class="" > Court of Justice </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_106312/en/" class="" > General Court </a> </li> <!-- Fin - gestion du quatrième Niveau --> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_156991/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Staff cases</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <!-- Debut - gestion du quatrième Niveau --> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_156992/en/" class="" > General Court </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_156993/en/" class="" > Civil Service Tribunal </a> </li> <!-- Fin - gestion du quatrième Niveau --> </ul> </li> <li class="divider"></li> <!-- Fin - gestion du troisième Niveau --> </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7044/en/" class="" > Search form </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7045/en/" class="" > Numerical access </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7046/en/" class="" > Digest of the case-law </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_1043150/en/" class="" > Fact sheets </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3471594/en/" class="" > Monthly Case-law Digest </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3874044/en/" class="" > Yearly selection of major judgments </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7083/en/" class="" > Annotation of judgments </a> </li> <li class="dropdown dropdown-submenu"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7048/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Judicial calendar</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <!-- Debut - gestion du troisième Niveau --> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_1125695/en/" class="" > Information on judicial vacations </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li> <!-- Fin - gestion du troisième Niveau --> </ul> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_14955/en/" class="" > Important pre-accession case-law </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_126035/en/" class="" > Method of citing the case-law </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3869098/en/" class="" > Fictitious names in anonymised cases </a> </li> <!-- Fin - gestion du second Niveau --> </ul> <!-- CAS desktop > 2 Niveaux --> <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_106307/en/" class="" > Access to the online Reports of Cases </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7044/en/" class="" > Search form </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7045/en/" class="" > Numerical access </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7046/en/" class="" > Digest of the case-law </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_1043150/en/" class="" > Fact sheets </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3471594/en/" class="" > Monthly Case-law Digest </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3874044/en/" class="" > Yearly selection of major judgments </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7083/en/" class="" > Annotation of judgments </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7048/en/" class="" > Judicial calendar </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_14955/en/" class="" > Important pre-accession case-law </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_126035/en/" class="" > Method of citing the case-law </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3869098/en/" class="" > Fictitious names in anonymised cases </a> </li> </ul> </li> <!-- Gestion du premier niveau --> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5124/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Press and Media <span class="caret"></span> </a> <!-- CAS Mobile / Tablette > 4 Niveaux --> <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-lg hidden-md noDivider"> <!-- Debut - gestion du second Niveau --> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7052/en/" class="" > Press releases </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7053/en/" class="" > Services for the media </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7054/en/" class="" > Guide for journalists </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7055/en/" class="" > Photos </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7056/en/" class="" > EbS </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_1477137/en/" class="" > Streaming </a> </li> <!-- Fin - gestion du second Niveau --> </ul> <!-- CAS desktop > 2 Niveaux --> <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7052/en/" class="" > Press releases </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7053/en/" class="" > Services for the media </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7054/en/" class="" > Guide for journalists </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7055/en/" class="" > Photos </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7056/en/" class="" > EbS </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_1477137/en/" class="" > Streaming </a> </li> </ul> </li> <!-- Gestion du premier niveau --> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170108/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Library <span class="caret"></span> </a> <!-- CAS Mobile / Tablette > 4 Niveaux --> <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-lg hidden-md noDivider"> <!-- Debut - gestion du second Niveau --> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170110/en/" class="" > Access and admission </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170111/en/" class="" > Current Bibliography </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170112/en/" class="" > Catalogue </a> </li> <!-- Fin - gestion du second Niveau --> </ul> <!-- CAS desktop > 2 Niveaux --> <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170110/en/" class="" > Access and admission </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170111/en/" class="" > Current Bibliography </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170112/en/" class="" > Catalogue </a> </li> </ul> </li> <!-- Gestion du premier niveau --> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170109/en/" class=" dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" > Judicial Network of the EU <span class="caret"></span> </a> <!-- CAS Mobile / Tablette > 4 Niveaux --> <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-lg hidden-md noDivider"> <!-- Debut - gestion du second Niveau --> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170125/en/" class="" > Presentation </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170126/en/" class="" > References for a preliminary ruling </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170123/en/" class="" > National case-law </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170124/en/" class="" > Notes and studies </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170127/en/" class="" > Legal monitoring </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170122/en/" class="" > Fact sheets </a> </li> <!-- Fin - gestion du second Niveau --> </ul> <!-- CAS desktop > 2 Niveaux --> <ul class="dropdown-menu hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170125/en/" class="" > Presentation </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170126/en/" class="" > References for a preliminary ruling </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170123/en/" class="" > National case-law </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170124/en/" class="" > Notes and studies </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170127/en/" class="" > Legal monitoring </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2170122/en/" class="" > Fact sheets </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="logoSearchLang"> <div class="col-md-3 col-md-pull-9 col-lg-3 col-lg-pull-9 logo"> <div id="nbo1_147688_0_nbo1_147687_0_nbo1_147612_0_eja_147810_0" class="Outter PortletWYSIWYG ID_eja_147810 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="wysiwyg"> <p><a title="logo_en" href="https://curia.europa.eu"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/image/png/2018-12/logo-en.png" alt="Logo of the Court of Justice of the European Union" title="Logo of the Court of Justice of the European Union" width="358" height="66" loading="lazy" class="is-width-set is-height-set is-width-set is-height-set"></a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="visible-sm visible-xs search searchInsertAfterClass"> <div id="nbo1_147688_0_nbo1_147687_0_nbo1_147612_0_nbo1_147624_2" class="Outter PortletSearch ID_nbo1_147624 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="portletLightSearch hidden-print"> <div class="advancedSearch col-md-1 hidden-sm hidden-xs"> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/CuriaPlugin/jsp/search.jsp?id=nbo1_147688&wrkspc=j_4" > <span class="jalios-icon fas fa-search-plus fa-lg"></span> </a> </div> <a class="simpleSearch-icon visible-sm visible-xs jalios-icon search-icon topbar-search glyphicons-search"></a> <div class="simpleSearch col-md-10 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <form action="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/CuriaPlugin/jsp/query.jsp" method="get" name="search" class="noSingleSubmitButton"> <div class="widget widget-light input-group tab-pane jalios-input-group "> <input class="form-control search" type="text" name="text" size="20" placeholder="Search" value=""/> </div> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.AppelDoffre"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.Brochure"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.CV"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="com.jalios.jcms.FileDocument"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.PressRelease"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilDocument"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilFichier"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilPublication"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilPeriode"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilReference"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.RecueilNumerique"/> <input type="hidden" name="types" value="generated.Textes"/> <input type="hidden" name="typesOff" value="generated.RecueilPublication"/> <input type="hidden" name="textSearch" value="true"/> <input type="hidden" name="searchInFiles" value="true"/> <input type="hidden" name="mode" value="advanced"/> <input type="hidden" name="cids" value="T5_5118"/> <input type="hidden" name="langs" value="user"/> <input type="hidden" name="wrkspc" value="j_4"/> <input type="hidden" name="documentKinds" value="wordprocessing"/> <input type="hidden" name="documentKinds" value="spreadsheet"/> <input type="hidden" name="documentKinds" value="pdf"/> <input name="wrkspc" type="hidden" value="j_4" /> <input type="hidden" name="id" value="nbo1_147688" /> </form> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="visible-sm visible-xs languageSwitching"> <div id="nbo1_147688_0_nbo1_147687_0_nbo1_147612_0_nbo1_147623_1" class="Outter PortletMenu ID_nbo1_147623 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet Inner menuLangCuria" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <span class="jalios-icon fa fa-comments" style="color:#fff; font-size:18px;"></span> <a class="ctxLangMenu ctx-caret ctxmenu newTitleSwitchingLang hidden-sm hidden-xs" href="#" id="jq_1">Choose a language</a> <a class="ctxLangMenu ctx-caret ctxmenu newTitleSwitchingLang visible-sm visible-xs" href="#" id="jq_1">en</a> <a href="#" class="ctxLangMenu ctx-caret ctxmenu MenuLangJCMS"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="en"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-en twemoji-flag GB-twflag" alt="en" title="English / en" /></span></a><ul class="ctxMenu click" id="ctxLangMenu" style="display: none; width: 110px;"><li class="icon"><a lang="bg" xml:lang="bg" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/bg/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="bg"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-bg twemoji-flag BG-twflag" alt="bg" title="Български / bg" /></span> Български / bg</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="es" xml:lang="es" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/es/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="es"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-es twemoji-flag ES-twflag" alt="es" title="Español / es" /></span> Español / es</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="cs" xml:lang="cs" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/cs/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="cs"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-cs twemoji-flag CZ-twflag" alt="cs" title="Česky / cs" /></span> Česky / cs</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="da" xml:lang="da" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/da/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="da"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-da twemoji-flag DK-twflag" alt="da" title="Dansk / da" /></span> Dansk / da</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="de" xml:lang="de" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/de/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="de"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-de twemoji-flag DE-twflag" alt="de" title="Deutsch / de" /></span> Deutsch / de</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="et" xml:lang="et" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/et/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="et"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-et twemoji-flag EE-twflag" alt="et" title="Eesti / et" /></span> Eesti / et</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="el" xml:lang="el" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/el/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="el"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-el twemoji-flag GR-twflag" alt="el" title="Ελληνικά / el" /></span> Ελληνικά / el</a></li><li class="icon disabled"><a lang="en" xml:lang="en" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/en/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="en"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-en twemoji-flag GB-twflag" alt="en" title="English / en" /></span> English / en</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="fr" xml:lang="fr" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/fr/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="fr"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-fr twemoji-flag FR-twflag" alt="fr" title="Français / fr" /></span> Français / fr</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="ga" xml:lang="ga" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/ga/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="ga"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-ga twemoji-flag IE-twflag" alt="ga" title="Gaeilge / ga" /></span> Gaeilge / ga</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="hr" xml:lang="hr" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/hr/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="hr"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-default iso639flag" alt="hr" title="Hrvatski / hr" /></span> Hrvatski / hr</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="it" xml:lang="it" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/it/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="it"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-it twemoji-flag IT-twflag" alt="it" title="Italiano / it" /></span> Italiano / it</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="lv" xml:lang="lv" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/lv/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="lv"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-lv twemoji-flag LV-twflag" alt="lv" title="Latviešu / lv" /></span> Latviešu / lv</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="lt" xml:lang="lt" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/lt/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="lt"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-lt twemoji-flag LT-twflag" alt="lt" title="Lietuvių / lt" /></span> Lietuvių / lt</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="hu" xml:lang="hu" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/hu/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="hu"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-hu twemoji-flag HU-twflag" alt="hu" title="Magyar / hu" /></span> Magyar / hu</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="mt" xml:lang="mt" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/mt/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="mt"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-mt twemoji-flag MT-twflag" alt="mt" title="Malti / mt" /></span> Malti / mt</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="nl" xml:lang="nl" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/nl/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="nl"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-nl twemoji-flag NL-twflag" alt="nl" title="Nederlands / nl" /></span> Nederlands / nl</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="pl" xml:lang="pl" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/pl/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="pl"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-pl twemoji-flag PL-twflag" alt="pl" title="Polski / pl" /></span> Polski / pl</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="pt" xml:lang="pt" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/pt/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="pt"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-pt twemoji-flag PT-twflag" alt="pt" title="Português / pt" /></span> Português / pt</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="ro" xml:lang="ro" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/ro/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="ro"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-ro twemoji-flag RO-twflag" alt="ro" title="Română / ro" /></span> Română / ro</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="sk" xml:lang="sk" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/sk/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="sk"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-sk twemoji-flag SK-twflag" alt="sk" title="Slovenčina / sk" /></span> Slovenčina / sk</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="sl" xml:lang="sl" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/sl/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="sl"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-sl twemoji-flag SI-twflag" alt="sl" title="Slovenščina / sl" /></span> Slovenščina / sl</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="fi" xml:lang="fi" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/fi/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="fi"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-fi twemoji-flag FI-twflag" alt="fi" title="Suomi / fi" /></span> Suomi / fi</a></li><li class="icon"><a lang="sv" xml:lang="sv" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/sv/"><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="sv"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-sv twemoji-flag SE-twflag" alt="sv" title="Svenska / sv" /></span> Svenska / sv</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div id="nbo1_147688_0_nbo1_147687_0_nbo1_147690_1" class="Outter PortletJsp ID_nbo1_147690 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="container-fluid banner"> <div class="deco hidden-xs hidden-sm"></div> <div class="container"> <div class="col-md-offset-3 col-md-9 categoryNameContainer"> <div class="categoryName" id="skipToMain">The Institution</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row mainLine"> <div id="nbo1_147688_0_nbo1_147687_0_nbo1_147691_2" class="Outter PortletJspCollection ID_nbo1_147691 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletCollection Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="deco hidden-xs hidden-sm"></div> <div class="container"> <div class="row row-eq-height"> <div class="flex-row"> <div class="col-md-3 leftZone hidden-xs hidden-sm sameHeightCuriaNewGC"> <div id="nbo1_147688_0_nbo1_147687_0_nbo1_147691_2_nbo1_147692_0" class="Outter PortletNavigate ID_nbo1_147692 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <ul class="secondaryNav list-unstyled"><li class="niv1"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_6999/en/" class="" >General Presentation</a></li><li class="niv1"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7000/en/" class="" >Annual Report</a></li><li class="niv1"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7004/en/" class="" >Information brochures</a></li><li class="niv1"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_64268/en/" class="" >Various documents</a></li><li class="niv1"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7001/en/" class="" >Departments</a></li><li class="niv1"><a href="#" data-jalios-action="toggle:show toggle:toclose" data-jalios-target=".root-Jo2_7006|.elt-Jo2_7006" class=" has-child elt-Jo2_7006 select toclose" >Working for the Court of Justice</a><ul class="list-unstyled root-Jo2_7006 show"><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7007/en/" class="" >Jobs</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3956112/en/" class="" >Vacancies</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3954053/en/" class="" >Open-ended calls</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/en/" class=" select" >Traineeships</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_268713/en/" class="" >Freelance translators</a></li></ul></li><li class="niv1"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7009/en/" class="" >Invitations to tender</a></li><li class="niv1"><a href="#" data-jalios-action="toggle:show toggle:toclose" data-jalios-target=".root-Jo2_7011|.elt-Jo2_7011" class=" has-child elt-Jo2_7011" >History</a><ul class="list-unstyled root-Jo2_7011"><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7015/en/" class="" >Annual reports</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="#" data-jalios-action="toggle:show toggle:toclose" data-jalios-target=".root-Jo2_7014|.elt-Jo2_7014" class=" has-child elt-Jo2_7014" >Former Members</a><ul class="list-unstyled root-Jo2_7014"><li class="niv3"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_217426/en/" class="" >Court of Justice</a></li><li class="niv3"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_217427/en/" class="" >General Court</a></li><li class="niv3"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_217428/en/" class="" >Civil Service Tribunal</a></li></ul></li><li class="niv2"><a href="#" data-jalios-action="toggle:show toggle:toclose" data-jalios-target=".root-T5_5122|.elt-T5_5122" class=" has-child elt-T5_5122" >Civil Service Tribunal</a><ul class="list-unstyled root-T5_5122"><li class="niv3"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5230/en/" class="" >Presentation</a></li><li class="niv3"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_67694/en/" class="" >5th anniversary of the CST</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="niv1"><a href="#" data-jalios-action="toggle:show toggle:toclose" data-jalios-target=".root-p1_3997859|.elt-p1_3997859" class=" has-child elt-p1_3997859" >Commemorative events</a><ul class="list-unstyled root-p1_3997859"><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_4335226/en/" class="" >2004 enlargement - 20th anniversary</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3997862/en/" class="" >70 years</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_93450/en/" class="" >60 years</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_52201/en/" class="" >From 20 to 2020</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2699076/en/" class="" >30 years of the General Court (1989-2019)</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_95693/en/" class="" >50 years "Van Gend en Loos"</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_170283/en/" class="" >12 years"SKOURIS Presidency"</a></li></ul></li><li class="niv1"><a href="#" data-jalios-action="toggle:show toggle:toclose" data-jalios-target=".root-Jo2_7018|.elt-Jo2_7018" class=" has-child elt-Jo2_7018" >Visiting the Court</a><ul class="list-unstyled root-Jo2_7018"><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7021/en/" class="" >Access map</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7019/en/" class="" >Group Visits</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3862585/en/" class="" >Educational project</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3699043/en/" class="" >Tourist Visits</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3699062/en/" class="" >Individual visitors</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_129962/en/" class="" >Security rules and rules of conduct</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3699112/en/" class="" >Protection of personal data</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7020/en/" class="" >Library</a></li></ul></li><li class="niv1"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7022/en/" class="" >Contact us</a></li><li class="niv1"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_80908/en/" class="" >The Court in figures</a></li><li class="niv1"><a href="#" data-jalios-action="toggle:show toggle:toclose" data-jalios-target=".root-Jo2_25536|.elt-Jo2_25536" class=" has-child elt-Jo2_25536" >Buildings</a><ul class="list-unstyled root-Jo2_25536"><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943792/en/" class="" >The Palais</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943793/en/" class="" >The Anneau</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943794/en/" class="" >Erasmus building</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943795/en/" class="" >Thomas More building</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943796/en/" class="" >Themis building</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943797/en/" class="" >Comenius Tower</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943798/en/" class="" >Montesquieu Tower</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943799/en/" class="" >Rocca Tower</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943800/en/" class="" >The Gallery</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943801/en/" class="" >The history of the buildings</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3943802/en/" class="" >Virtual Tour</a></li></ul></li><li class="niv1"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_134088/en/" class="" >Sustainable management</a></li><li class="niv1"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3831939/en/" class="" >Art at the Court</a></li><li class="niv1"><a href="#" data-jalios-action="toggle:show toggle:toclose" data-jalios-target=".root-P_92908|.elt-P_92908" class=" has-child elt-P_92908" >Access to documents</a><ul class="list-unstyled root-P_92908"><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_184871/en/" class="" >Access to administrative documents</a></li><li class="niv2"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_184874/en/" class="" >Historical Archives</a></li></ul></li><li class="niv1"><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_2699100/en/" class="" >Protection of personal data</a></li></ul> </div> <div id="nbo1_147688_0_nbo1_147687_0_nbo1_147691_2_nbo_170604_3" class="Outter PortletQueryForeach ID_nbo_170604 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-9 mainZone sameHeightCuriaNewGC"> <div id="nbo1_147688_0_nbo1_147687_0_nbo1_147691_2_nbo1_147693_2" class="Outter PortletNavigate ID_nbo1_147693 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href='https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5119/en/'>The Institution</a></li> <li><a href='https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7006/en/'>Working for the Court of Justice</a></li> <li><a href='https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/en/'>Traineeships</a></li> </ol> </div> <div id="nbo1_147688_0_nbo1_147687_0_nbo1_147691_2_nbo1_147695_1" class="Outter PortletSelection ID_nbo1_147695 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletCollection Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <br/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/css/share.min.css" /> <div class="BlockShare"> <a class="LinkBlockShare" href="mailto:?subject=CURIA Traineeships&body=https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/en/"> <img alt="e-mail" onmouseout="this.src='plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/mail_off.png';" onmouseover="this.src='plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/mail_on.png';" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/mail_off.png" /> </a> <a class="LinkBlockShare" onclick="window.open('https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/en/;display=popup', '_blank', 'toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=no,fullscreen=no,top=50,left=50,width=555,height=615').opener = null" href="#"> <img alt="share-facebook" onmouseout="this.src='plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/facebook_off.png';" onmouseover="this.src='plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/facebook_on.png';" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/facebook_off.png" /> </a> <a class="LinkBlockShare" onclick="window.open('https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=CURIA Traineeships;url=https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/en/', '_blank', 'toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=no,fullscreen=no,top=50,left=50,width=550,height=250').opener = null" href="#" data-social-url="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=CURIA+News+-+Wa+Lone+and+Kyaw+Soe+Oo%3A+Reuters+journalists+freed+in+Myanmar&amp;url=" data-target-url="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/en/" > <img alt="share-twitter" onmouseout="this.src='plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/x_off.png';" onmouseover="this.src='plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/x_on.png';" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/x_off.png" /> </a> <a class="LinkBlockShare" href='https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/en/?portal=j_55&printView=true' class='' target="_blank"> <img alt="Survol" onmouseout="this.src='plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/print_off.png';" onmouseover="this.src='plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/print_on.png';" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/print_off.png" /> </a> <a class="LinkBlockShare" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/en/&title=CURIA Traineeships&summary=CURIA&source=CURIA" onclick="window.open(this.href, 'mywin', 'left=20,top=20,width=500,height=500,toolbar=1,resizable=0'); return false;" > <img alt="share-linkedin" onmouseout="this.src='plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/linkedin_off.png';" onmouseover="this.src='plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/linkedin_on.png';" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/linkedin_off.png" /> </a> <a class="LinkBlockShare" onclick="window.open('https://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/en/&description=CURIA Traineeships', '_blank', 'toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=no,fullscreen=no,top=50,left=50,width=600,height=600').opener = null" href="#"> <img alt="share-printerest" onmouseout="this.src='plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/pinterest_off.png';" onmouseover="this.src='plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/pinterest_on.png';" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/pinterest_off.png" /> </a> <a class="LinkBlockShare" onclick="window.open('https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7008/en/&title=CURIA Traineeships&source=CURIA', '_blank', 'toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=no,fullscreen=no,top=50,left=50,width=550,height=500').opener = null" href="#"> <img alt="share-reddit" onmouseout="this.src='plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/reddit_off.png';" onmouseover="this.src='plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/reddit_on.png';" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/ShareButtonPlugin/docs/images/reddit_off.png" /> </a> <div class="dropdown"> </div> </div> <br/><br/> <!--<div class="titleContainer"> <span class="colorLine"></span> <span class="title">< %= currentCategory.getName(jcmsContext.getUserLang()) %></span> <span class="colorLine"></span> </div>--> <div id="nbo1_147688_0_nbo1_147687_0_nbo1_147691_2_nbo1_147695_1_nbo1_147694_0" class="Outter PortletQueryForeach ID_nbo1_147694 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div style="min-height: 446px;"> <div> </div> <div class="titleContainer"> <span class="colorLine"></span> <h1 class="title"> Traineeships</h1> <span class="colorLine"></span> </div> <div class="fullDisplay Textes "> <div class="contentText"> <div class="wysiwyg"> <p><strong>As a young graduate or national judge, you have the opportunity to take part in a traineeship programme at the Court of Justice of the European Union, the judicial institution of the European Union, and the guarantor of EU law for 450 million citizens.</strong> <strong>This programme will give you the opportunity not only to enrich your training, but also to contribute to the Court's activities, in a stimulating, European and multilingual context. You will meet other young graduate trainees and judges who share the common values of the European Union, founded on democracy, the rule of law and fundamental rights.</strong></p> <h2><strong><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/image/jpeg/2023-10/stage_new_page_image_1.jpg" alt="stage new page image 1" title="stage new page image 1" width="840" height="473" loading="lazy" class="is-width-set is-height-set is-width-set is-height-set"> </strong></h2> <blockquote> <p>“My traineeship at the Court of Justice of the European Union has truly been an enriching one. It has given me the opportunity to add a practical dimension to the theory-based knowledge of EU law gained during my studies. In this vein, working in the Press and Information Unit of the Communication Directorate has been instrumental in affording me a holistic, high-level overview of how a case proceeds through the Court – from pleading and deliberation to judgment and translation, all the way to how the final ruling is received by the media and the citizens of Europe. Working with talented and passionate colleagues, who have created such a supportive learning environment for the trainees, has been a particular privilege. The skills and experience I have gained during my time here will no doubt benefit me for years to come, and so I would absolutely recommend this traineeship to everyone!”</p> <p>Olivia Moore</p> <p>“I found the Traineeship at the Court to be a great post-grad experience. After graduating, I wanted to start working in the world of law, but I also wanted to travel. The Traineeship allowed me to meet both of these needs. I had been told so often about how quiet Luxembourg is, so I was worried about not having much of a social life while working in the Court. Thankfully, there is a great social aspect to the Traineeship with trips abroad and weekly after-work socials. If you are applying for the Traineeship, don’t be afraid to reach out to past trainees you may know – everyone in the Court was so welcoming and more than happy to answer any questions I had.”</p> <p>Sorchadh Higgins</p> </blockquote> <h2><strong>Traineeships for young graduates</strong></h2> <p>Under the programme, young graduates will be given training in the activities of the institution and carry out tasks to assist the Court’s work.</p> <p>There are a limited number of traineeships available, around 200 per year. They may take place either in the Chambers of the Members (Judges and Advocates General), for a period of three to five months, or in the administrative departments of the Court, for a period of five months.</p> <p>Trainees are subject to a duty of discretion, both during and after their traineeship, regarding all internal Court matters and documents of which they have become aware. In that respect, the trainee may not publish or have published anything related to their traineeship without giving prior notification to the relevant Member or head of department. Before starting their traineeship, trainees sign a solemn undertaking to comply with this duty.</p> <h3><strong>Traineeships in the Members’ chambers (Judges and Advocates General)</strong></h3> <p>Chamber traineeships are primarily aimed at young law graduates, ideally those with training in EU law. As part of their duties, trainees participate in the work of the chamber by carrying out various tasks relating to cases assigned to the relevant Member and which have not yet reached the deliberation stage.</p> <h3><strong>Traineeships in the administrative departments</strong></h3> <p>In those departments of the Court accepting trainees, they have the opportunity to discover the specific duties performed there and apply the knowledge acquired during their studies. They participate actively in carrying out the tasks entrusted to them, under the supervision of experienced officials.</p> <p>The following administrative departments accept trainees:</p> <ol> <li><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_13982/">Directorate for Human Resources and Personnel Administration</a></li> <li><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_13983/">Directorate for the Budget and Financial Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_10742/">Directorate for Multilingualism (legal translation and interpretation)</a></li> <li><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/Jo2_11875/">Library Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/Jo2_11968/">Research and Documentation Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_641406/">Projects and Terminological Coordination Unit</a></li> <li><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_12525/">Protocol and Visits Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/P_154881/">Communication Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_17509/">Legal Adviser on Administrative Matters</a></li> <li><a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/Jo2_7893/">Registry of the General Court of the European Union</a></li> </ol> <h3><strong>Traineeships in the Interpretation Department</strong></h3> <p>Traineeships in the Interpretation Department last 10 to 12 weeks and are aimed in particular at young graduates in conference interpreting. The aim is to enable young interpreters to be supervised as they perfect their interpreting skills, particularly of legal content, which includes the preparation of case  files, terminology research and practical exercises in a ‘silent booth’. Candidates must have at least two passive languages or a second active language. The ability to read French is required. Applicant selection takes place once a year covering the entire judicial year (applications must be submitted between 1 July and 15 September each year).</p> <p><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/image/jpeg/2023-10/stage_new_page_image_2.jpg" alt="stage new page image 2" title="stage new page image 2" width="840" height="380" loading="lazy" class="is-width-set is-height-set is-width-set is-height-set"> </p> <h2><strong>Eligibility, remuneration and applications</strong></h2> <h3><strong>Eligibility</strong></h3> <p>- You must be a national of a Member State of the European Union, subject to duly justified exceptions.</p> <p>- You must have completed a university course in law, political science or economics or in a related field, attested by a diploma (or, exceptionally, an equivalent course of study).</p> <p>- You must have a thorough knowledge of an official language of the European Union and a good knowledge of another official language of the European Union. For operational reasons, a good knowledge of French is desirable.</p> <p>- You must not have already undertaken a traineeship (whether paid or unpaid) in an institution or body of the European Union.</p> <h3><strong>Remuneration</strong></h3> <p>The grant amount is a net € 1 554 every month. This grant is not subject to the tax regime applicable to officials and other agents of the European Union. A contribution of € 150 towards travel costs is paid to trainees whose place of residence is located 200km or more from the Court of Justice of the European Union.</p> <p>This remuneration does not apply to traineeships carried out in the Members’ chambers, outside of the two fixed periods under a professional training course for which trainees also receive a grant, an allowance or remuneration.</p> <h3><strong>How to apply?</strong></h3> <p>For traineeships taking place during the period between 1 March and 31 July, applications may be submitted between 1 July and 15 September of the preceding year.</p> <p>For traineeships taking place during the period between 16 September and 15 February (traineeships in the Chambers) or between 1 October and the end of February (traineeships in the administrative departments), applications may be submitted between 1 February and 15 April of the same year.</p> <p>Applications must be submitted via the <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/dgs/personnel_administration/open_applications/CV_Cand/index.cfm?fuseaction=premierAcces&langue=EN">EU CV Online</a> application and be accompanied by a detailed curriculum vitae. Copies of diplomas and/or certificates, including those issued by a university authority concerning academic or professional qualifications must be submitted upon request as part of the pre-selection procedure.</p> <p>Selected applicants are informed in writing by the Court’s human resources department of the decision taken with regard to them. Admission to a traineeship does not grant the trainee the status of EU official or servant, nor does it entail any right or entitlement to recruitment.</p> <p><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/image/jpeg/2023-10/stage_new_page_image_3.jpg" alt="stage new page image 3" title="stage new page image 3" width="840" height="380" loading="lazy" class="is-width-set is-height-set is-width-set is-height-set"> </p> <h2><strong>Traineeships for national judges</strong></h2> <p><strong>The Court accepts national judges as trainees under the exchange programme organised by the European Judicial Training Network (EJTN), at a maximum of 15 judges per year.</strong></p> <p><strong>Traineeships for national judges are undertaken in the chambers of the Members of the Court of Justice and the General Court or in the Research and Documentation Directorate (RDD). They last for between six and 12 months. As trainees, national judges carry out the same tasks as legal secretaries or RDD administrators, depending on where they are assigned.</strong></p> <p><strong>National judges are subject to a duty of discretion, both during and after their traineeship, regarding all internal matters or documents of which they become aware. Judges undertake not to publish or have published anything relating to their traineeship.</strong></p> <h3><strong>Eligibility</strong></h3> <p>- Must have held judicial office (as a judge or prosecutor) in a Member State of the European Union for at least one year.</p> <p>- Must be familiar with EU law.</p> <p>- Must have a perfect knowledge of an official language of the European Union and a satisfactory knowledge of French to be able to support the Members of the Court of Justice and the General Court in the handling of case files and the drafting of decisions.</p> <h3><strong>Remuneration</strong></h3> <p>National judges accepted for a traineeship do not receive any payment or compensation from the Court. They receive a daily allowance funded by the EJTN.</p> <h3><strong>How to apply?</strong></h3> <p>Application must be submitted to the EJTN (<u><a href="https://ejtn.eu/fr/activity/stages-de-longue-duree/">ETJN – long term traineeships</a></u>).</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row footer"> <div id="nbo1_147688_0_nbo1_147687_0_nbo1_147619_3" class="Outter PortletJspCollection ID_nbo1_147619 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletCollection Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"> <div id="nbo1_147688_0_nbo1_147687_0_nbo1_147619_3_nbo1_147663_0" class="Outter PortletNavigate ID_nbo1_147663 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;"> <div class="verticalMenu"> <ul class="childCategory root-nbo1_147657"> <li> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5133/en/" class="" >Contact us</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/T5_5135/en/" class="" >Disclaimer and warning</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/nbo1_147755/en/" class="" >RSS</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/nbo1_147756/en/" class="" >Social Media</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/a1_1095707/en/" class="" >Cookies</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/a1_1095708/en/" class="" >Data protection on the Curia website</a> </li> </ul> </div></div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"> <div id="nbo1_147688_0_nbo1_147687_0_nbo1_147619_3_a1_1073222_1" class="Outter PortletWYSIWYG ID_a1_1073222 box-responsive ajax-refresh-div Portlet PortletSkinable Inner" > <div class="wysiwyg"> <div style="float: right; padding: 10px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px;"> <p><span style="margin-right: 15px;"><a href="https://curia.social-network.europa.eu/@Curia/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img style="margin-bottom: 10px;" title="mastodon" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/image/png/2023-02/mastodon_2023-02-01_08-48-30_480.png?source=p1_3872460" alt="mastodon" width="28" height="28"></a></span><span style="margin-right: 15px;"><a class="twitter-follow-button" href="https://twitter.com/eucourtpress?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img style="margin-bottom: 10px;" title="twitter-en" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/image/png/2023-09/x_en_2023-09-06_14-29-43_349.png?source=p1_4113603" alt="X formerly twitter" width="28" height="28"></a> </span> <span style="margin-right: 15px;"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/european-court-of-justice/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <img style="margin-bottom: 10px;" title="linkedin on" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/image/png/2020-01/linkedin_on_2020-01-07_10-04-42_158.png" alt="linkedin on" width="28" height="28"></a> </span> <span style="margin-right: 15px;"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTfyrAlsJRZF1nGLLgnDiMA" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <img style="margin-bottom: 10px;" title="youtube-logo smaller" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/GraphicCharterPlugin/images/youtube_on.png" alt="youtube-logo smaller"></a> </span> <span style="margin-right: 15px;"> <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/lu/app/cvria/id1099088434?l=fr&mt=8" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <img style="margin-bottom: 10px;" title="apple store-logo smaller" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/GraphicCharterPlugin/images/apple_store_on.png" alt="apple store-logo smaller"></a> </span> <span style="margin-right: 15px;"> <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=eu.europa.publications.cjeu&hl=en&pcampaignid=MKT-Other-global-all-co-prtnr-py-PartBadge-Mar2515-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <img style="margin-bottom: 10px;" title="google store-logo smaller" src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/GraphicCharterPlugin/images/google_store_on.png" alt="google store-logo smaller"></a></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/plugins/GraphicCharterPlugin/cookieconsent/cookieconsent.min.js"></script> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <ul class='ctxMenu click' id='ctxLangForm' style='display: none; width: 110px;'><li class='icon'><a lang='fr' xml:lang='fr' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="fr"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-fr twemoji-flag FR-twflag" alt="fr" title="Français / fr" /></span> Français / fr</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='bg' xml:lang='bg' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="bg"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-bg twemoji-flag BG-twflag" alt="bg" title="Български / bg" /></span> Български / bg</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='es' xml:lang='es' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="es"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-es twemoji-flag ES-twflag" alt="es" title="Español / es" /></span> Español / es</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='cs' xml:lang='cs' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="cs"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-cs twemoji-flag CZ-twflag" alt="cs" title="Česky / cs" /></span> Česky / cs</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='da' xml:lang='da' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="da"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-da twemoji-flag DK-twflag" alt="da" title="Dansk / da" /></span> Dansk / da</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='de' xml:lang='de' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="de"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-de twemoji-flag DE-twflag" alt="de" title="Deutsch / de" /></span> Deutsch / de</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='et' xml:lang='et' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="et"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-et twemoji-flag EE-twflag" alt="et" title="Eesti / et" /></span> Eesti / et</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='el' xml:lang='el' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="el"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-el twemoji-flag GR-twflag" alt="el" title="Ελληνικά / el" /></span> Ελληνικά / el</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='en' xml:lang='en' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="en"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-en twemoji-flag GB-twflag" alt="en" title="English / en" /></span> English / en</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='ga' xml:lang='ga' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="ga"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-ga twemoji-flag IE-twflag" alt="ga" title="Gaeilge / ga" /></span> Gaeilge / ga</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='hr' xml:lang='hr' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="hr"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-default iso639flag" alt="hr" title="Hrvatski / hr" /></span> Hrvatski / hr</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='it' xml:lang='it' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="it"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-it twemoji-flag IT-twflag" alt="it" title="Italiano / it" /></span> Italiano / it</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='lv' xml:lang='lv' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="lv"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-lv twemoji-flag LV-twflag" alt="lv" title="Latviešu / lv" /></span> Latviešu / lv</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='lt' xml:lang='lt' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="lt"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-lt twemoji-flag LT-twflag" alt="lt" title="Lietuvių / lt" /></span> Lietuvių / lt</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='hu' xml:lang='hu' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="hu"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-hu twemoji-flag HU-twflag" alt="hu" title="Magyar / hu" /></span> Magyar / hu</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='mt' xml:lang='mt' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="mt"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-mt twemoji-flag MT-twflag" alt="mt" title="Malti / mt" /></span> Malti / mt</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='nl' xml:lang='nl' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="nl"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-nl twemoji-flag NL-twflag" alt="nl" title="Nederlands / nl" /></span> Nederlands / nl</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='pl' xml:lang='pl' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="pl"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-pl twemoji-flag PL-twflag" alt="pl" title="Polski / pl" /></span> Polski / pl</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='pt' xml:lang='pt' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="pt"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-pt twemoji-flag PT-twflag" alt="pt" title="Português / pt" /></span> Português / pt</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='ro' xml:lang='ro' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="ro"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-ro twemoji-flag RO-twflag" alt="ro" title="Română / ro" /></span> Română / ro</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='sk' xml:lang='sk' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="sk"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-sk twemoji-flag SK-twflag" alt="sk" title="Slovenčina / sk" /></span> Slovenčina / sk</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='sl' xml:lang='sl' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="sl"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-sl twemoji-flag SI-twflag" alt="sl" title="Slovenščina / sl" /></span> Slovenščina / sl</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='fi' xml:lang='fi' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="fi"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-fi twemoji-flag FI-twflag" alt="fi" title="Suomi / fi" /></span> Suomi / fi</a></li><li class='icon'><a lang='sv' xml:lang='sv' href='#' class='lang-trigger'><span class="iso-639-visual" data-jalios-lang="sv"><img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/s.gif" class="jalios-icon iso-639-sv twemoji-flag SE-twflag" alt="sv" title="Svenska / sv" /></span> Svenska / sv</a></li></ul> <script > /* <![CDATA[ */ document.t0 = new Date().getTime(); /* ]]> */ </script> <script src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/js/jalios/core/jalios-properties-js.jsp?nopackfirst&v=20230232"></script> <script src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/js/jalios/core/jalios-i18n-js.jsp?nopackfirst&lang=en&v=20230232"></script> <script src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/js/jspacker.jsp?v=20230232&js=js%2Flib%2Fmodernizr%2Fmodernizr.custom.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fjquery%2Fjquery-3.4.1.min.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-init.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fjquery%2Fjquery-migrate-1.4.1.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fjquery%2Fjquery-fix.js&js=js%2Flib%2FelementQuery.js"></script> <script src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/js/jspacker.jsp?v=20230232&js=js%2Flib%2Fjquery-ui%2Fjquery-ui.js&js=js%2Flib%2FimagesLoaded%2Fimagesloaded.pkgd.js"></script> <script src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/js/jspacker.jsp?v=20230232&js=js%2Flib%2Fmoment%2Fmoment.js"></script> <script src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/js/jspacker.jsp?v=20230232&js=js%2Flib%2Fmoment%2Fmoment-timezone-with-data-1970-2030.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fjsonrpc.js"></script> <script src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/js/jspacker.jsp?v=20230232&js=js%2Flib%2Fprototype.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fhistory.js%2Fhistory.adapter.jquery.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fhistory.js%2Fhistory.js"></script> <script src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/js/jspacker.jsp?v=20230232&js=js%2Fjalios%2Futil.js&js=js%2Fchannel.js&js=js%2Fwidget.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fjquery.ajaxQueue.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fjquery.console.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fjquery.idle-timer.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fjquery.cookie.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-common.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-i18n.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-data-broker.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-data-toggle.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-sortable.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-sortable-portal.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-sortable-widget.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-tooltip.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-browser.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-prefs.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-submit.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-clickable.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap%2Ftransition.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap%2Falert.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap%2Fmodal.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap-3.3.7%2Fdropdown.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap%2Ftab.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap-3.3.7%2Ftooltip.js"></script> <script src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/js/jspacker.jsp?v=20230232&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap-3.3.7%2Fpopover.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap%2Fbutton.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap%2Fcollapse.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap-typeahead%2Fbootstrap-typeahead.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap-notify.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap-tabdrop.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fbootstrap-datetimepicker%2Fbootstrap-datetimepicker.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-prototype-conflict.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-polyfill.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-tab.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-modal.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-popin.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-ajax-refresh.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-single-submit.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-autocomplete.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-autocomplete-chooser.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-autocomplete-wiki.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-ctxmenu.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-collapse.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-widget.js"></script> <script src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/js/jspacker.jsp?v=20230232&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-widget-chooser.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fux%2Fjalios-caddy.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-treeview.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-table-data.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-dropdown-repositioning.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-modal-forbidden.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-dirty-form-control.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fa11y%2Fjalios-a11y.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fa11y%2Fjalios-a11y-modal.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fa11y%2Fjalios-a11y-tabbable.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fa11y%2Fjalios-a11y-collapsable.js&js=plugins%2FRJUEToCVRIAPlugin%2Fjs%2Fplugin.js&js=plugins%2FGraphicCharterPlugin%2Fjs%2Fplugin.js&js=js%2Flib%2Ftwemoji%2Ftwemoji.min.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fjalios-emoji.js&js=js%2Fjalios%2Fcore%2Fcomponents%2Fanimate%2Fjalios-rippler.js&js=js%2Flib%2Fhandlebars%2Fhandlebars.js&js=plugins%2FFormulaires%2Fjs%2FrestCaptcha.js&js=plugins%2FUPMEPlugin%2Fjs%2Fimg-attributes.js&js=custom%2Fjs%2Fstandard.js&js=plugins%2FFlashInfoPlugin%2Fjs%2Ffriendly-edit.js&js=plugins%2FCuriaPlugin%2Fjs%2Fplugin.js"></script> <script > /* <![CDATA[ */ var domLoadFunc = function() { var t1 = new Date().getTime(); (function($){ $(document).ready(function(){ $('ul.dropdown-menu [data-toggle=dropdown]').on('click', function(event) { event.preventDefault(); event.stopPropagation(); $(this).parent().siblings().removeClass('open'); $(this).parent().toggleClass('open'); }); }); })(jQuery); message = "This website needs certain cookies and similar means to work correctly. These cookies are technically necessary. If you allow us, we will also use Europa Analytics cookies to help gather statistics about your visits to this site in order to improve our service. We also use YouTube to host videos. YouTube will also use cookies or similar methods if you allow it. You can change your choices at any time on our cookie information page."; dismiss = "Only technically necessary cookies"; link = "More information"; All = "Accept all"; window.addEventListener("load", function(){ window.cookieconsent.initialise({ "palette": { "popup": { "background": "#EEECE9", "text": "#848484" }, "button": { "background": "#CDA769", "text": "#3B3939; /* AA */" } }, "theme": "edgeless", "content": { "message" : message, "dismiss" : dismiss, "All" : All, "link" : link } })}); jQuery.jalios.DOM.markResources('css/jalios/core/components/topbar/jalios-topbar.css', 'css/jalios/core/fonts/webfont-roboto.css', 'css/jalios/core/fonts/webfont-roboto-condensed.css', 'css/jalios/core/bootstrap.css', 'css/jalios/core/font-icons.css', 'css/jalios/core/core.css', 'css/jalios/core/core-theme.css', 'css/fff-sprite.css', 'css/jalios/core/lang.css', 'css/lib/animate/animate-custom.css', 'css/jalios/core/components/animate/jalios-rippler.css', 'css/jalios/core/jalios-dropdown-repositioning.css', 'css/jalios/core/components/a11y/a11y.css', 'plugins/CuriaPlugin/css/plugin.css', 'plugins/GraphicCharterPlugin/css/plugin.css', 'css/wysiwyg.css', 'plugins/TextProcessorPlugin/css/plugin.css', 'plugins/Formulaires/css/font-awesome-4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css', 'plugins/Formulaires/css/jquery-ui.min.css', 'plugins/CURIAMainPlugin/css/hideApplicationCatalog.css', 'css/lib/bootstrap-datetimepicker/bootstrap-datetimepicker.css', 'plugins/GraphicCharterPlugin/css/curia-wysiwyg.css', 'custom/css/standard.css', 'css/print.css', 'plugins/CuriaPlugin/css/coloredTitle/950930.css', 'plugins/CuriaPlugin/css/no_column.css', 'plugins/CuriaPlugin/css/accessibility.css', 'css/portal/jalios.css', 'plugins/GraphicCharterPlugin/cookieconsent/cookieconsent.min.css', 'plugins/CuriaPlugin/css/portal/print.css', 'plugins/BookmarksPlugin/css/bookmarks.css'); jQuery.jalios.DOM.markResources('js/lib/modernizr/modernizr.custom.js', 'js/lib/jquery/jquery-3.4.1.min.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-init.js', 'js/lib/jquery/jquery-migrate-1.4.1.js', 'js/lib/jquery/jquery-fix.js', 'js/lib/elementQuery.js', 'js/lib/jquery-ui/jquery-ui.js', 'js/lib/imagesLoaded/imagesloaded.pkgd.js', 'js/lib/moment/moment.js', 'js/lib/moment/moment-timezone-with-data-1970-2030.js', 'js/lib/jsonrpc.js', 'js/lib/prototype.js', 'js/lib/history.js/history.adapter.jquery.js', 'js/lib/history.js/history.js', 'js/jalios/util.js', 'js/channel.js', 'js/widget.js', 'js/lib/jquery.ajaxQueue.js', 'js/lib/jquery.console.js', 'js/lib/jquery.idle-timer.js', 'js/lib/jquery.cookie.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-properties-js.jsp?nopackfirst&v=20230232', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-common.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-i18n-js.jsp?nopackfirst&lang=en&v=20230232', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-i18n.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-data-broker.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-data-toggle.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-sortable.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-sortable-portal.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-sortable-widget.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-tooltip.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-browser.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-prefs.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-submit.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-clickable.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap/transition.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap/alert.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap/modal.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap-3.3.7/dropdown.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap/tab.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap-3.3.7/tooltip.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap-3.3.7/popover.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap/button.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap/collapse.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap-typeahead/bootstrap-typeahead.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap-notify.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap-tabdrop.js', 'js/lib/bootstrap-datetimepicker/bootstrap-datetimepicker.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-prototype-conflict.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-polyfill.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-tab.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-modal.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-popin.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-ajax-refresh.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-single-submit.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-autocomplete.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-autocomplete-chooser.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-autocomplete-wiki.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-ctxmenu.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-collapse.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-widget.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-widget-chooser.js', 'js/jalios/ux/jalios-caddy.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-treeview.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-table-data.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-dropdown-repositioning.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-modal-forbidden.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-dirty-form-control.js', 'js/jalios/core/a11y/jalios-a11y.js', 'js/jalios/core/a11y/jalios-a11y-modal.js', 'js/jalios/core/a11y/jalios-a11y-tabbable.js', 'js/jalios/core/a11y/jalios-a11y-collapsable.js', 'plugins/RJUEToCVRIAPlugin/js/plugin.js', 'plugins/GraphicCharterPlugin/js/plugin.js', 'js/lib/twemoji/twemoji.min.js', 'js/jalios/core/jalios-emoji.js', 'js/jalios/core/components/animate/jalios-rippler.js', 'js/lib/handlebars/handlebars.js', 'plugins/Formulaires/js/restCaptcha.js', 'plugins/UPMEPlugin/js/img-attributes.js', 'custom/js/standard.js', 'plugins/FlashInfoPlugin/js/friendly-edit.js', 'plugins/CuriaPlugin/js/plugin.js'); var t2 = new Date().getTime(); JcmsLogger.info('JSPPage', 'OnLoad in '+(t2-t1)+' ms', ' All JS in '+(t2-document.t0)+' ms'); document.body.className = document.body.className + ' js-ready'; document.isAjaxRefresh = true; }; // Do things when DOM is ready jQuery(document).ready(function() { domLoadFunc.defer(); // Why defer ? jQuery(document).trigger(jQuery.Event("jalios:ready")); }); /* ]]> */ </script> <div id="AjaxCtxtDeflate" style="display:none;">eNq1WNty2jAQfecrPH6PZRsSnIwh09KkpUOmNIFppy+MsJcg6kiOLlz69ZWBdEhHbhMRPSLJZ1d7OXtQerl+KLwlcEEY7fhREPoe0IzlhN53/PHo+iTxL7uNdIGX+OCYPhfEse9lBRai41e7wRQwFcH3m8EH0N8D97sNL2XTBWTy2TklSRF8wmJ+g8vqjJcuGcm9B5Bzlnf8UsntqpcKybUX3RXjP0WJM0jRfuVwdzFpHa6nqAJ7AaoSwAeY3htBgVphZopzoLKHJdwzvjFCf2bxpB2GiZUBIm5BMMUzGGI5H3K2JDnkRjszXAiwMjJb5XfAlwXIyogRHC2yB2EFjhd4fQuPfbPT7/RuT67lSXgStZtxO07Ow1az1bYyxQ9CZS4dfQn0lA8EFFnmZMi4xIWjbBDRe15VjuxwePxv1nMiygJvgoUobUOFOdbbwHXvu7tIdYMR12xU6Jj9hU9VUaBXej3ec4Ujjysq6jFFZQ1lDMa2gegxKmHtoo8zud4XJAFhxLaC/cWomeaHalqQzJbPNOMoEHJ8268PA3orOniPBYy5Oz74RmjOVuagS66saeYwo46cL7dMaQSlUxZNolb7LEmsm+iHrp6ayXKlOCsBaf4h4hha6dMZO5ZQdEGaoZ7K8egi3IobluECauTNxJJTdPU9qTFn9e2ud3YbRtCPVyPbsviqgG/utj+N0CTvHCX6Mmckrgux1vnXl/Wuuf8pfkenk9MosmxwbiaOuZTlBULRaRJEZ+0gbkVBFDcvkvA8fFtePxim7pS3u4m9kzE7inTk/3Q3+ezSZNt+L5rtxyrX/fd7hfzWo3f8h66dkWr/yoXTe9XqzOvhM0pxZ2YrLrEkjLoSPmp6/N+QPr3mmh6+zGak5jGkNp0p2j3EdBspqh5huo3f3s7bmw==</div> <div id="ajaxWaitIconWrapper" class="hide"> <img src="https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/images/jalios/icons/ajax-wait.svg" class="jalios-icon ajax-wait jalios-icon-svg" alt="" id="ajaxWaitIcon" /> </div> <div class="handlebar-templates hide"> <script id="jalios-loading-wave" type="text/x-handlebars-template"> <svg class="lds-message wait-inline jalios-icon jalios-icon-svg jalios-icon-svg-inline" width="80px" height="80px" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 100 100" preserveaspectratio="xMidYMid"><g transform="translate(20 50)"><circle cx="0" cy="0" r="7" fill="#8ec255" transform="scale(0.99275 0.99275)"><animatetransform attributename="transform" type="scale" begin="-0.375s" calcmode="spline" keysplines="0.3 0 0.7 1;0.3 0 0.7 1" values="0;1;0" keytimes="0;0.5;1" dur="1s" repeatcount="indefinite"></animatetransform></circle></g><g transform="translate(40 50)"><circle cx="0" cy="0" r="7" fill="#009ef5" transform="scale(0.773605 0.773605)"><animatetransform attributename="transform" type="scale" begin="-0.25s" calcmode="spline" keysplines="0.3 0 0.7 1;0.3 0 0.7 1" values="0;1;0" keytimes="0;0.5;1" dur="1s" repeatcount="indefinite"></animatetransform></circle></g><g transform="translate(60 50)"><circle cx="0" cy="0" r="7" fill="#ff9400" transform="scale(0.42525 0.42525)"><animatetransform attributename="transform" type="scale" begin="-0.125s" calcmode="spline" keysplines="0.3 0 0.7 1;0.3 0 0.7 1" values="0;1;0" keytimes="0;0.5;1" dur="1s" repeatcount="indefinite"></animatetransform></circle></g><g transform="translate(80 50)"><circle cx="0" cy="0" r="7" fill="#00adb8" transform="scale(0.113418 0.113418)"><animatetransform attributename="transform" type="scale" begin="0s" calcmode="spline" keysplines="0.3 0 0.7 1;0.3 0 0.7 1" values="0;1;0" keytimes="0;0.5;1" dur="1s" repeatcount="indefinite"></animatetransform></circle></g></svg> </script> </div> </body> </html>