CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '917c97834eab2c14',cH: 'kS9MWYaIxpSxfEdqqsOOjYvHMU.Bmd6BDAY3HAHQgcc-1740537851-1.2.1.1-LipyVWgCdAUmLex_ar9B4qOqYnXWHCcSOPsNZpUZYffuSgu6wtGGm5q0Ut4cnsmB',cUPMDTk: "\/9999477\/json?__cf_chl_tk=aPBdAhgxZ40kZHNWpZtw2LJbvqq6ex9TzcyR9AlW8Ys-1740537851-1.0.1.1-SC3Y_b_.dysFYCyPjdyoD4BY8kIRsmjR5Q985TvAd5M",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740537851',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/9999477\/json?__cf_chl_f_tk=aPBdAhgxZ40kZHNWpZtw2LJbvqq6ex9TzcyR9AlW8Ys-1740537851-1.0.1.1-SC3Y_b_.dysFYCyPjdyoD4BY8kIRsmjR5Q985TvAd5M",md: "BEOI_GiRCQRJ2RFwlmyzU.D6ChrG5UJNpD0BI_VYIsM-1740537851-1.2.1.1-f7gqrJgQ4moRGVykPtDxLeu8pJSLpYFjm1MKNid0n5_98xZHNPwas._veTphA3taKcWKhUyub6rMwDIvT1G6M8eJN6jUaBx6MnQl19Oxh8XlAxY0cQnD8z8UunfcVBgm9i18y2tPbH2mATG.x0Yi0VDogHPBg.XSeXGQmyaUIskWSds2fJGQ.gJWUtNEjAKmNGG1PG.mDKTpSA0F_lJdtzJrJJQBM.IKczhzdIWBXil8g_R4UBi1hsy5qRbhLbP9R6S8pbshC6fjrIwafB0_xFPCjmu1n2ZRc5e3sZJ6mitPDtPJRQ7jaY3q0Y8._x69HGHuASpPCYNlVhzr7ihxjYIIsx9DCjMLVs3skA7LrzSSLepygE8rorOAh93omgTQLalfPzYxVB92ixu2B7j1gUvqCwr1rhh_kzwAL.GHJcO6fFie_M5ytiyiO3kE19rwnat9IXXLDgAXsz7DA62X5bavj3Hq4M4qTW7051HsTz_qRnPnOKZt2G0Gt9y.tvcaJwF2xZND._.PUsUQ0cXZHNPNRaD3CMQaj7McHR47MWpQ70jHotVI0aZIbZdndZ7MZYefga9CGxXUsTmQQaUdmR2UI4UjK801QlDiLsX1JSH.vDhk7Mt0mJ_eT4M9KmTojjH_65FKfoy0mN0brl1g1DqEJH2Bhq5Z_CfBHEHgtH3zwHZuNZ.gSH10UHaIZgCMq7ghUGWixbJTN9h0ebXclWWIeZkdpD0oSjLMnaXRZ.hSe0f0xeSiU6B4ElM6lJmqS1gJFxepzb55FdTi8GhZDR6S62Had0BefCwl7UZvTQ7mUyXPnIwB6v8niigwtWpl38LMRHdT2iCQzDDVS5yQa.jCQgk8S__6TR.mWU2utjjgoz4iOm4vK2XbxAB9LYut19p7vfKVX2.eE7njy4lqeeNtPKtGKs9AHJEpi0IQpuilCN4IHbd.ef99HwPTSJt9R.f9zI_Wh5cMllMLNz37G1mKKBTSI5iujVJY8uZ6SElppIzoWKtQTFtIKExnJC.xAD1ey7EFvRa58.DLoJqJBQjWtnB8x7OGZMVGSqfZJTxLsqjceVSgucjH2uN7JRFLQQEyubFrqlq9UoONZBNt7wfSHaTiaL_jubgby.N7xZqvf3EzVWGptrO4RtHTa6NDqnXE86L7myCqhWEguSd8VMGwddLD_7bpHOxr4M68Xd6Cjtmb_8kznF4IMm9CWHbgZ9ksJic_16MKR67KYimuaVwnwwPPZRHwpmFr.jjkh_NjsSHG4BZjLLwzElwswYB7SKw6jjcvtPBDhZiyCm.b4Yn.rpWCNsZx.VlTDLjNVtD3WgIA45ZGR68rp2gzwd6MeXkUi7.mzL5UppAeIljIK4VI5k1SPwCsqNHC1S3.Z5hzkAim3TfX9B_6Wj72nchTTggZYbetLAdB1cFyV2fCG3yeP_xGzZa7V9ggWBk7UxTU1XgYbwAMIpzq8TlRgZ3.xux6rcerzJQG4IR2a.fU_8CBm5Xskgvba2WLV6i4OnBOJ1kMFSakZ2CkErUtqyM12QzpOKzmfdloXXULF0EX6zbpuo8jP7mjFIUoFQVR3wbhRq45PkBTKc16VY8uwHqMqDTvxQzsYbFcQNdXEd4bjSfCgNcNUSre76IqlEqWfP94b.i.Tyn.zEahlIl5ti6IU_Bsj6LMRDCjJuQhSJa_UwDYpJ5ls9viA39LzLNXaoVhCWV8NyOyECG6riHrAGC2WBfT_Lkp2z0raywhSpqWRjuexhfmQ_TVCc6fs9I7WsQGIuMrY2IBW_lCs_eCZxwCRwFYSaVTGQY3EKO9VAy0oV08yv_IVr1BmJxCalJ7cuit8TrToor6m7ong0dfcdcM9_yO7kDpEEphmZ2d45KSI2_sA8Oul.sQQAyNaEDIly8",mdrd: "KVY3i7wWXzkLbW.E643.76ovJrY1c3lhaQgDI1fwMVg-1740537851-1.2.1.1-zI7slecP3Xtb31RB5yfNte956Y6xRfWMdB73sSy7BVHmfAZ4DyDxArG4WbDIDbsXFb5Kv7F1NoBMSRBUUB1mLNCR09LHuWiniVT1jHLpQWQCfF96OexbXHkX7_eoAQfQjt.SfHwtXWAzz57l3h63C27HwrZTgoBbg0S5nnfLt.3BoLvQ5E1tC9KTWmnQLynmEyTfRrlMyhlUdrUN6vxKSqHS8eTcsyTxHeJ2Rf72qulRtdEVEOyYEyDvKKgW.PDtZvARNde8blgtSoGJD10io84IIwr3Oc.c3KDQEzP4GmoPASxA1H1DD3_Ai2ya4FFp0hgfvgYLYIXCmi817BAe97fG_hP_VJXfoK_f_hEcoXMedupyK7b4jTPAmPNEsE5Jll.gQYVwId8DNw1MJiQvsl2UdguBSB_hKMjmj3P.u2h7CkIGp8t5HCTA9I9oyH7eN6JzcEM_UOXo7alglLT9n3LDiTqW429k_P_CH6geW78Wt22Tz22hiLlxSgsoOVLdxPf1G5iNdtrIxKWB05KneikjUmXcaAKAnJjkFHR23WF_SIPfujHM_3aA5lC5dzjjUnkSEUK.JWKcm57jbPbgAIilGQ2PV91j4AExDaf3HoNFYa2WSc2WjjAvIhSq2NGcIG9FiTFSXIXJEOnUj5fA8WAwE0BkAVJZoWajj6gaK86VbW71LGkyaASiRVsmT_vZpf.jM3vEVstRL89MzhrGiJTX0ljQcGT2Tb1K7unvTN.lueiIlbibGpuMmYPy0TDJGU_26GQtuxnJi2udHrv4oFybJ8Vc_Ic_gGrk794I6S_6VQO3H6OsDs.jVfDCc82PPnO91bxvrCtNtE76Eet3PyIAWNjGz00Wee6JAEiod1bzGN374cV_9xc34JzBXqoD94x6L4.ISaaVhDpHoEd8SOXk8cYn0hTk7HMGsOcyZACEPhndrYmCV2MBcRkzhbghSwKsGGzDRUbW31QLfFFMheGgBE_ieStCaKtVFfYYO5c0vg4FgN5ExldYCnraP5LEgkKWi52HmZ1Luggo3Ul2vH467VCxY2xTEiRJWJ2JlrbM.a6im4fZUMmZgueZSxkYzLqs2QArPcG4LEIhAo4y95pWvkZ80HFgNFnBomyyZyYNu1KQrbKDXddSj6UshwcPf3KZ4iTFwKyCnGr0W.Q63JlKLObK0yRZJtDpSsMx7Gf_iTBsOEG5LKhO6Ftw1Gh8vHEmWrgZtPnsBAuGCwWl3wM6V3O_r2Bv7VMUNLmpHRHBXCIhvKMMpbEHx9IvXbuM6kYicJoR_nN6fQiEvWBuwF6uwLPkKLFk7XlmxfTH6GZA0bYhh1Y0aRI6q0j3UPJR1iqXR4NQRhhyoA2iOq7_Rqz8uxp22zFACnEHdGLtiRAV3g.IcMhdQyUkgx8QBEIT6pCT9fP3cpXN0_d4Tr9F1priBfytmhcpDnyecQWhy99xwbvErhE6vSRR6vnxGlyrTJ6rgcppFXEH3kJsLI_5ux65jwpI5ly3UXi_e60xqwVNH2B6TBUNgS3LrecfvXMWv9F_tc5zqDFf3MShwg6CwO.xysq5RYiRdmrzGpCw2H8G0Yc1ZyKkfbKLPBPcmNTb4_t8ZgJ6c_xfkAl68_lOJEw1YcbqWIRWraAHAd4YkRimsURyu3xMOjrhQ.xTc9CxnCQMGfm8HNo.mT5jGY97UyHw0OM0ZkxSnw3iaZcZHm73WNbtJU8ZH7SZdL0ShlSZ_CsVKJO0.xLCccCg1JbnMz3GIe7LdX6RugHKD1zAhYjbZ2XlvEcVExxl_Z6Oa_7COMDBIlRrv9zAidiMUaXvBJB1N7iW8hq6o7VrWaPpd.MEwYUnZ17JGRMXudC.9vgTapWqTB__0MOmhVibm3QbWT3LanLcbZaquPq6rkGcNbA6bVPHe9lZ4mUcYbUHYi2TR6mWMhXNGO7cOU.dnZgwOZJbR6lnqHLNnutE4_gp6HJY24uJQZKL8TAxte0dlUGmkjif_Yy8y8fslfDlEEjY3g"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=917c97834eab2c14';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/9999477\/json?__cf_chl_rt_tk=aPBdAhgxZ40kZHNWpZtw2LJbvqq6ex9TzcyR9AlW8Ys-1740537851-1.0.1.1-SC3Y_b_.dysFYCyPjdyoD4BY8kIRsmjR5Q985TvAd5M" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>