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of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Ehide\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"position:absolute; z-index:100; right:100px; top:-0px;\" class=\"metadata\" id=\"donate\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align:right; font-size:80%\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EYour \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"wikimedia:Fundraising\"\u003Econtinued donations\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E keep Wikiquote running!\u003C/i\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Putting_an_item_in_a_category" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Putting_an_item_in_a_category"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Putting an item in a category</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Putting_an_item_in_a_category-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subcategories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subcategories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Subcategories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subcategories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Category_page" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Category_page"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Category page</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Category_page-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alphabetical_order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alphabetical_order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Alphabetical order</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alphabetical_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Order_of_the_lists;_setting_sort_keys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Order_of_the_lists;_setting_sort_keys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Order of the lists; setting sort keys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Order_of_the_lists;_setting_sort_keys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sort_key_of_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sort_key_of_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sort key of images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sort_key_of_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grouping_of_pages_by_using_sort_keys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grouping_of_pages_by_using_sort_keys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Grouping of pages by using sort keys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grouping_of_pages_by_using_sort_keys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labels_in_the_list_of_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labels_in_the_list_of_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Labels in the list of images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labels_in_the_list_of_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternatives_for_overviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternatives_for_overviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Alternatives for overviews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternatives_for_overviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linking_to_a_category" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linking_to_a_category"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Linking to a category</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linking_to_a_category-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Existing_categories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Existing_categories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Existing categories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Existing_categories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_category_tag_in_a_template;_caching_problem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_category_tag_in_a_template;_caching_problem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>A category tag in a template; caching problem</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-A_category_tag_in_a_template;_caching_problem-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle A category tag in a template; caching problem subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-A_category_tag_in_a_template;_caching_problem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sort_key" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sort_key"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Sort key</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sort_key-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Categorizing_templates_themselves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Categorizing_templates_themselves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Categorizing templates themselves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Categorizing_templates_themselves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_category_name_depending_on_a_template_or_parameter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_category_name_depending_on_a_template_or_parameter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>A category name depending on a template or parameter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_category_name_depending_on_a_template_or_parameter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_"What_links_here"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_"What_links_here""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Comparison with "What links here"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_"What_links_here"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applying_"What_links_here"_and_"Related_Changes"_to_a_category" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applying_"What_links_here"_and_"Related_Changes"_to_a_category"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Applying "What links here" and "Related Changes" to a category</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Applying_"What_links_here"_and_"Related_Changes"_to_a_category-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Detection_of_additions_to_a_category" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Detection_of_additions_to_a_category"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Detection of additions to a category</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Detection_of_additions_to_a_category-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Detection_of_deletions_from_a_category" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Detection_of_deletions_from_a_category"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Detection of deletions from a category</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Detection_of_deletions_from_a_category-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conventions_and_project-specific_settings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conventions_and_project-specific_settings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Conventions and project-specific settings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conventions_and_project-specific_settings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-How_categories_are_implemented" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#How_categories_are_implemented"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>How categories are implemented</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-How_categories_are_implemented-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Category_page_note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Category_page_note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21</span> <span>Category page note</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Category_page_note-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Category page note subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Category_page_note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-here_it_is_for_this_site" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#here_it_is_for_this_site"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21.1</span> <span>here it is for this site</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-here_it_is_for_this_site-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Large_categories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Large_categories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22</span> <span>Large categories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Large_categories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multiple_tags_for_adding_a_page_to_a_category" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multiple_tags_for_adding_a_page_to_a_category"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">23</span> <span>Multiple tags for adding a page to a category</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multiple_tags_for_adding_a_page_to_a_category-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Editing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24</span> <span>Editing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Editing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Category_flattening" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Category_flattening"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">25</span> <span>Category flattening</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Category_flattening-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">26</span> <span>Usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moving_a_category_page" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moving_a_category_page"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">27</span> <span>Moving a category page</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moving_a_category_page-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lists_versus_categories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lists_versus_categories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">28</span> <span>Lists versus categories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lists_versus_categories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">29</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wikiquote-specific_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wikiquote-specific_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">30</span> <span>Wikiquote-specific content</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wikiquote-specific_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Links_to_other_help_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Links_to_other_help_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">31</span> <span>Links to other help pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Links_to_other_help_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_Links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_Links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">32</span> <span>External Links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_Links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Help</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Category</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 5 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-5" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">5 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikiquote.org/wiki/Helpo:Kategorio" title="Helpo:Kategorio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Helpo:Kategorio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikiquote.org/wiki/Aide:Cat%C3%A9gorie" title="Aide:Catégorie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aide:Catégorie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Aiuto:Categorie" title="Aiuto:Categorie – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aiuto:Categorie" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Wikicytaty:Kategorie" title="Wikicytaty:Kategorie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wikicytaty:Kategorie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Kategorizimi" title="Ndihmë:Kategorizimi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ndihmë:Kategorizimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4989342#sitelinks-wikiquote" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-help" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="View the help page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Help page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help_talk:Category" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Help:Category" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Help:Category" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&oldid=3408093" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikiquote.org%2Fwiki%2FHelp%3ACategory"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikiquote.org%2Fwiki%2FHelp%3ACategory"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Help%3ACategory"><span>Create a book</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Help%3ACategory&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" 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Edits will be lost in the next update from the master page.</b> Either edit the master help page for all projects at Meta, or edit the project-specific text at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ph:Category&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Ph:Category (page does not exist)">Template:Ph:Category</a>. You are welcome to copy the exact wikitext from the master page at Meta and paste it into this page at any time.</i> </p> <hr/> <table class="noprint" width="20%" style="float:right; font-size:80%; border:solid black 1px; margin: 2.8em 0 0 3.2em; padding: 1em 1em 1.5em 1em"> <tbody><tr> <td><div align="right"><small class="editlink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikiquote.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Editor_toc&action=edit">Edit editor toc</a></small> <a href="/wiki/Help:Editor" title="Help:Editor">view this alone</a></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing overview</a></b> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Starting_a_new_page" title="Help:Starting a new page">Starting a new page</a></b> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Page name</a></li></ol> <p><b>Referencing</b> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Piped_link" title="Help:Piped link">Piped links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" title="Help:Interwiki linking">Interwiki linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Variable" title="Help:Variable">Variables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URLs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Anchors" title="Help:Anchors">Anchors</a></li></ol> <p><b>Formatting</b> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Formula" title="Help:Formula">Formulas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML in wikitext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Images_and_other_uploaded_files" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Images and other uploaded files">Image & File uploads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Image_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Image page">Image page</a></li></ol> <p><b>Organizing</b> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Sections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Namespace" title="Help:Namespace">Namespaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Moving_a_page" title="Help:Moving a page">Renaming (moving) a page</a></li></ol> <p><b>Fixing mistakes and vandalism</b> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting edits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Testing" title="Help:Testing">Testing</a><br/></li></ol> <p><b>Saving effort</b> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing_shortcuts" title="Help:Editing shortcuts">Editing shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing_toolbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Editing toolbar">Editing toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a></li></ol> <p><b>Communicating</b> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">Edit summary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_page" title="Help:Talk page">Talk page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">Edit conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Minor_edit" title="Help:Minor edit">Minor edit</a></li></ol> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Special characters</a></b> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Turkish_characters" title="Help:Turkish characters">Turkish characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Romanian_characters" title="Help:Romanian characters">Romanian characters</a></li></ol> <p><b>Extensions</b> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Help:WikiHiero_syntax" title="Help:WikiHiero syntax">WikiHiero syntax</a> — <b>warning:</b> lots of images! (for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyph" class="extiw" title="w:Egyptian hieroglyph">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:EasyTimeline_syntax" title="Help:EasyTimeline syntax">EasyTimeline syntax</a></li></ol> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing_FAQ" title="Help:Editing FAQ">Frequently Asked Questions</a></b> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br/> A <b>category</b> is a software feature of MediaWiki. To avoid confusion with the general term <i>category</i>, it may sometimes be useful to use the term <i>MediaWiki category</i>. </p><p>Categories provide automatic indexes, that are useful as table of contents. Together with <a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">links</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">templates</a> they structure a project. </p><p><i>Note:</i> Categories work only in MediaWiki version 1.3 and later. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Putting_an_item_in_a_category" data-mw-thread-id="h-Putting_an_item_in_a_category"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Putting_an_item_in_a_category"></span>Putting an item in a category<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Putting_an_item_in_a_category"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Putting an item in a category"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A page in any namespace can be put in a category by adding a category tag, e.g.: </p> <pre>[[Category:<i>Category name</i>]] </pre> <p>This provides a link to the appropriate category page, which is in the namespace "Category". A category typically has an editable part, containing at least a category tag of a supercategory, see below; if it does not, the link to the category page is treated as a link to a non-existing page, hence it is a link to the edit page. </p><p>Pages can be included in more than one category by adding multiple category tags. These links do not show up in-page, but at the page margin in a fixed place, depending on the skin (the bottom for Monobook, the upper right corner for Standard). Category tags may be placed anywhere in the article, although they are typically added to the end of the article to avoid undesirable text display side effects. Category links are displayed in the order they occur in the article, unlike the automatic ordering of lists in the category pages themselves (see below). </p><p>Putting an image in a category is equivalent to putting the image page in it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Subcategories" data-mw-thread-id="h-Subcategories"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Subcategories"></span>Subcategories<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Subcategories"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Subcategories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adding a category tag to a category page makes the edited category a subcategory of the category specified in the tag. </p><p>For example, you could edit [[Category:Soccer]] and add the link [[Category:Sports]]. The Soccer category would then be a subcategory of the Sports category. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Category_page" data-mw-thread-id="h-Category_page"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Category_page"></span>Category page<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Category_page"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Category page"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A category page consists of: </p> <ul><li>editable text</li> <li>list of subcategories; how many there are is also displayed; if there are no subcategories the header and count are not shown.</li> <li>list of pages in the category, excluding subcategories and images; the number of items in this list is called the number of articles; if there are none the header is shown anyway, and "There are 0 articles in this category."</li></ul> <table style="margin-top:20px; border:3px solid; background:#efefef;"> <tbody><tr> <td>From <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_1.5" class="extiw" title="m:MediaWiki 1.5">MediaWiki 1.5</a> the namespace prefix is no longer shown. </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>list of images with thumbnails (how many there are is not counted); the first 20 characters of the image name are shown, with dots if that is not the full name; also the file size is shown. As opposed to the second and third section, this section does not have subheaders per letter, it has not even a header itself and visually seems to fall under the header of the previous section "Articles in category ...", even though in counting the articles, images/image pages are not considered articles).</li></ul> <p>The items in the lists all link to the pages concerned; in the case of the images this applies both to the image itself and to the text below it (the name of the image). </p><p>The first and second list each have a header for each first character, dispensed with if there are no entries for a header. </p><p>On Meta and Wikipedia a redirect to a category shows the editable text only. To get the full page after being redirected, use the link "Image", or "Category", respectively. </p><p>On Commons a redirect to a category gives the full page, but not the subcategories and pages in the redirect page (if that is also a category). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Alphabetical_order" data-mw-thread-id="h-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Alphabetical_order"></span>Alphabetical order<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Alphabetical_order"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Alphabetic_order&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: Alphabetical order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>This section appears in <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Help:Page name</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Help:Category</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Help:Special page</a>.</i> </p><p>The system applies <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabetical_order" class="extiw" title="w:Alphabetical order">alphabetical order</a> only in page names, namely in the following features: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:AllPages" title="Special:AllPages">Special:Allpages</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">categories</a></li></ul> <p>They are in Unicode order: the range 32-127 corresponds to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII" class="extiw" title="w:ASCII">ASCII</a>, for more characters see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Table_of_Unicode_characters,_128_to_999" class="extiw" title="w:en:Table of Unicode characters, 128 to 999">w:en:Table of Unicode characters, 128 to 999</a>, etc. </p><p>Thus we have the following partial list showing the order: </p><p>!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ <br/>ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_' <br/>abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ <br/>¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«®¯°±²³´µ•¸¹º»¼½¾¿ <br/>ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿ <br/>ĀāĂăĄąĆćĈĉĊċČčĎďĐđĒēĔĕĖėĘęĚěĜĝĞğĠġĢģĤĥĦħĨĩĪīĬĭĮįİıĲĳĴĵĶķĸĹĺĻļĽľĿŀŁłŃńŅņŇňŉŊŋ <br/>ŌōŎŏŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŜŝŞşŠšŢţŤťŦŧŨũŪūŬŭŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžſ <br/>ǺǻǼǽǾǿ΄΅Ά·ΈΉΊΌΎΏΐ <br/>ΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫάέήίΰ <br/>αβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρςστυφχψωϊϋόύώ </p><p>Note in particular that "Z" comes before "a", and "z" before "é". The blank space within a page name is treated as an underscore, and therefore comes after the capitals, and before the lower case letters. However, a "blank space" after the name comes before any character. Sometimes a special character looks like a regular letter, but has a special code anyway. </p><p>Thus we have the order PC, PCX, PC Bruno, PCjr, Κύρια Σελίδα. </p><p>See also: </p> <ul><li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pages_starting_with_a_special_character" class="extiw" title="m:Pages starting with a special character">m:Pages starting with a special character</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Latin_alphabet#Collating_in_other_languages" class="extiw" title="w:en:Latin alphabet">collating</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=164" class="extiw" title="bugzilla:164">bugzilla:164</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Order_of_the_lists;_setting_sort_keys" data-mw-thread-id="h-Order_of_the_lists;_setting_sort_keys"><span id="Order_of_the_lists.3B_setting_sort_keys"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Order_of_the_lists;_setting_sort_keys"></span>Order of the lists; setting sort keys<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Order_of_the_lists;_setting_sort_keys"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Order of the lists; setting sort keys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span class="boilerplate seealso"><i>See also: <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Categories#Sort_key" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Categories">mw:Help:Categories#Sort key</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category#Sorting_category_pages" class="extiw" title="w:Help:Category">w:Help:Category#Sorting category pages</a></i></span></dd></dl> <p>Each of the three lists is in the order explained above. If you want an item in a list to be positioned in that order, based on an alternative name (sort key) for that item, then this can be specified in the category tag that places the item in the list: </p> <pre>[[Category:<i>category name</i>|<i>sort key</i>]] </pre> <p>For example to add an article called Albert Einstein to the category "people" and have the article sorted by "Einstein, Albert". You would type "[[Category:People|Einstein, Albert]]". </p><p>Although this is like the syntax for a <a href="/wiki/Help:Piped_link" title="Help:Piped link">piped link</a> (and in an edit summary it is interpreted like one), there is a clear difference: the second term in the piped link is an alternative term for the first one, while the sort key is an alternative name for the page in which the tag occurs. Also, a piped link influences the rendering of the page itself, while a sort key affects the rendering of another page. </p><p>The displayed name is not changed, and, unfortunately, only visible on the edit pages of the members of the category. An explanation of the sort key system used can be useful on the editable part of a category page. </p><p>The sort key system should be obvious, otherwise the order seems random and items are hard to find. The system should either be consistently applied to all members of a category, or be such that the listings of members on which it is applied fit in well within the list of members for which no sort key is used. The latter is advisable for large, growing categories with many contributors. See also below. </p><p>A common system is starting with the last name, then a comma and a space, and then the first name; note that any additions such as "Jr." should come at the end, otherwise the entry would come before the same without the addition, because a space comes before a comma. </p><p>In e.g. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Denmark" class="extiw" title="w:Category:Denmark">w:Category:Denmark</a>, the sort key of a page consists of the keywords, without "Danish" or "of Denmark", "in Denmark", etc. </p><p>The sort key is case sensitive, so a page with the tag [[Category:<i>Foo</i>|Zealand]] is sorted before one with the tag [[Category:<i>Foo</i>|amsterdam]]. This can be inconvenient, requiring a sort key in projects with case-sensitivity of the first character if one wants the A and the a together, but it may also be used to one's advantage: e.g., it allows sorting of the pages into two groups, one put in the range A-Z and one in a-z, using sort keys; see e.g. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Demo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Demo (page does not exist)">Category:Demo</a>, where the help pages are put separately by using sort key with lower-case "h". </p><p>To get the order right, be consistent in punctuation and spacing. For example, "A Z" with two blank spaces comes before "A A" with one. </p><p>An underscore in a page name is equivalent with, and treated as a blank space. However, an underscore in a sort key is distinct from a blank space. </p><p>Note that e.g. Ä comes after Z, unless a sort key is used, see e.g. <a href="https://de.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Allpages/Zz" class="extiw" title="de:Special:Allpages/Zz">de:Special:Allpages/Zz</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Allpages/Zu" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Allpages/Zu">wikisource:Special:Allpages/Zu</a>. </p><p>As seen from the ASCII sequence above, forcing items to the beginning or end can be done with a sort key starting with a space or ~, respectively. Another common sort key for the beginning of the list is the asterisk (*). </p><p>See also <a href="https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2166" class="extiw" title="bugzilla:2166">bugzilla:2166</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Sort_key_of_images" data-mw-thread-id="h-Sort_key_of_images"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Sort_key_of_images"></span>Sort key of images<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Sort_key_of_images"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sort key of images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Images without sort key are alphabetized according the full name, including namespace prefix "Image:". Therefore, for images for which a sort key is used, the prefix should also be included, otherwise these images are positioned on the category page before "Image:A" or after "Image:Z". Alternatively, <i>all</i> images can be given a sort key. </p><p>Thus a list of images may show a sequence A-I, A-Z, I-Z. One may choose to fix the first and third sequence by adding the prefix to the sort keys, or the second sequence, by putting sort keys without prefix. </p><p>Similar remarks apply for other non-main namespaces. However, the category namespace is an exception: the default sort key is without prefix, to avoid listing all subcategories by default under the C. Therefore, explicit sort keys should also be without prefix. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Grouping_of_pages_by_using_sort_keys" data-mw-thread-id="h-Grouping_of_pages_by_using_sort_keys"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Grouping_of_pages_by_using_sort_keys"></span>Grouping of pages by using sort keys<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Grouping_of_pages_by_using_sort_keys"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Grouping of pages by using sort keys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If e.g. in a list of people sort keys like "scientist Einstein, Albert" are used then all scientists are listed together under the "s". Unfortunately no separate heading "scientist(s)" is possible, and salesmen would be under the same heading. Alternatively "scientist" can have e.g. code K (to be explained in the editable part of the category page) and the sort key "K Einstein, Albert" is used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Labels_in_the_list_of_images" data-mw-thread-id="h-Labels_in_the_list_of_images"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Labels_in_the_list_of_images"></span>Labels in the list of images<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Labels_in_the_list_of_images"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Labels in the list of images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As mentioned above, the first 20 characters of the image name are shown, with dots if that is not the full name. This can be inconvenient, e.g. in <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William-Adolphe_Bouguereau" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:William-Adolphe Bouguereau">commons:Category:William-Adolphe Bouguereau</a> most images have a name starting with "William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) -", which are therefore all labeled "William-Adolphe Boug..." (see the last section of the category page). </p><p>The full names are only shown in the hover box and the status bar, depending on the browser; in the latter possibly with codes such as "%28" for "(". </p><p>Thus, looking up a name in the alphabetic list is cumbersome. It might have been better to start the names with the shorter "Bouguereau, " and then the title of the painting (unless the software will be improved later). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Alternatives_for_overviews" data-mw-thread-id="h-Alternatives_for_overviews"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Alternatives_for_overviews"></span>Alternatives for overviews<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Alternatives_for_overviews"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Alternatives for overviews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An overview of links to pages and of images by means of thumbnails, can be put in the editable part of a category, just like in any page, or be generated in the second, third and fourth part of the category page. </p><p>The first gives control on structure and lay-out. For example, in the editable part of <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William-Adolphe_Bouguereau" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:William-Adolphe Bouguereau">commons:Category:William-Adolphe Bouguereau</a> the name of the painter does not have to be repeated, and the full titles of the paintings can be shown. </p><p>The second is more convenient for new pages/images: by putting the category tag (which for images can even be done in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary#Upload_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">upload summary</a>) the overview is automatically updated. Also, the sorting in alphabetic order is automatic in the second case. </p><p>A category page may have an overview in the first part, as well as in one or more of the other parts, with the following possibilities: </p> <ul><li>items occur twice, but ordered and structured differently, with different info (including that the fourth section shows the file sizes); when creating/uploading new items, they can be put in the category first, which is a convenient intermediate stage for updating the editable part</li> <li>avoiding duplications</li></ul> <p>Anyway, a category has the double functionality of allowing extension of the overviews both from the overview page and from the member pages. This convenience makes it easier to build and maintain a complete overview (albeit divided over sections) for the subject concerned. </p><p>If the second, third and fourth part of the category page are not used than the category page is much like a page in another namespace. Differences are: </p> <ul><li>the name starts with "Category:"</li> <li>in ordinary links to the category page the name is preceded by a colon</li> <li>Related Changes does not work for the editable part</li></ul> <p>If a category is growing too large, it is cumbersome to split. When new items need to be added, and they are on a subtopic about which there is still little in the category, this is a good occasion to start a subcategory. Other kinds of overview can be split more easily. </p><p>See also <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Images_on_normal_pages_or_categories:Vote" class="extiw" title="commons:Commons:Images on normal pages or categories:Vote">commons:Commons:Images on normal pages or categories:Vote</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Linking_to_a_category" data-mw-thread-id="h-Linking_to_a_category"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Linking_to_a_category"></span>Linking to a category<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Linking_to_a_category"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Linking to a category"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If you want to link to a category without the current page being added to it, you should use the link form [[:Category:<i>foobar</i>]] (where <i>foobar</i> is the category name). Note the extra <b>:</b> before Category. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Existing_categories" data-mw-thread-id="h-Existing_categories"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Existing_categories"></span>Existing categories<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Existing_categories"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Existing categories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>You can see currently used categories for each project with <b><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Special:Categories</a></b>, for Wikipedia <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Categories" class="extiw" title="w:Special:Categories">w:Special:Categories</a>. It produces a list of all categories, including those which contain subcategories or pages, but have no additional text, as opposed to Special:Allpages for the Category namespace (on Meta: <a class="external autonumber" href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AAllpages&from=&namespace=14">[1]</a>), which does not include the latter. In that case a link to the category page shows up as link to a non-existing page that leads to the edit page. Even with preview this does not show the pages etc. in the category; use Cancel or, better, add a supercategory and/or other text, and save, to see the pages in the category. </p><p>Navigation is by number in alphabetic order, not by starting letter. For projects with thousands of categories this is cumbersome. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="A_category_tag_in_a_template;_caching_problem" data-mw-thread-id="h-A_category_tag_in_a_template;_caching_problem"><span id="A_category_tag_in_a_template.3B_caching_problem"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-A_category_tag_in_a_template;_caching_problem"></span>A category tag in a template; caching problem<span data-mw-comment-end="h-A_category_tag_in_a_template;_caching_problem"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: A category tag in a template; caching problem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If a template contains the code indicating that it is in a category, this does not only put that template in the category, but also the pages that include the template. For example, this page includes <a href="/wiki/Template:Hh" title="Template:Hh">Template:Hh</a> and as a result is in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:English_documentation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:English documentation (page does not exist)">Category:English documentation</a>. </p><p>The page that contains the template correctly lists the categories to which it belongs. However, adding or deleting a category tag in the template does not add or delete the listings on the category page of pages that use the template, until some edit is made in the page that uses the template. </p><p>In other words: </p> <ul><li>lists of categories a page is in, are up-to-date</li> <li>lists of pages in a category are based on the situation just after the last edit of the pages</li></ul> <p>Since adding or removing a category or template tag is obviously an edit there is only a complication when a page is indirectly added to or deleted from a category, through a change in a template the page uses. </p><p>To refresh category pages with respect to the listing of a particular page (adding or deleting the entry), a <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing#Dummy_edit_and_null_edit" title="Help:Editing">null edit</a> can be applied to that page: just applying section edit and saving without changes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sort_key" data-mw-thread-id="h-Sort_key-A_category_tag_in_a_template;_caching_problem"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Sort_key-A_category_tag_in_a_template;_caching_problem"></span>Sort key<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Sort_key-A_category_tag_in_a_template;_caching_problem"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sort key"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A sort key in a category tag in a template applies to the template as well as to the pages that use it, so it is only useful if it is variable. It can depend on a variable (notably PAGENAME), parameter, or the content of a template. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Categorizing_templates_themselves" data-mw-thread-id="h-Categorizing_templates_themselves"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Categorizing_templates_themselves"></span>Categorizing templates themselves<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Categorizing_templates_themselves"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Categorizing templates themselves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To categorize templates themselves, without the pages that call them, one could consider putting the category tag in the talk page of the template, and an explanation on the category page that the template talk pages listed are meant as categorization of the templates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="A_category_name_depending_on_a_template_or_parameter" data-mw-thread-id="h-A_category_name_depending_on_a_template_or_parameter"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-A_category_name_depending_on_a_template_or_parameter"></span>A category name depending on a template or parameter<span data-mw-comment-end="h-A_category_name_depending_on_a_template_or_parameter"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: A category name depending on a template or parameter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A category name can depend on a template or parameter, just like the target of other links, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Cat (page does not exist)">Template:Cat</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Cat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Cat (page does not exist)">Template talk:Cat</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Comparison_with_"What_links_here"" data-mw-thread-id="h-Comparison_with_"What_links_here""><span id="Comparison_with_.22What_links_here.22"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Comparison_with_"What_links_here""></span>Comparison with "What links here"<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Comparison_with_"What_links_here""></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Comparison with "What links here""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">Backlinks</a> are often used as a by-product of links. However, links can be put specially for the backlinks, just like category tags are. In that case a redirect corresponds to a supercategory. </p><p>Advantages of categories: </p> <ul><li>Category listings are alphabetical, for "What links here" this typically applies for the first part only, for the pages already linking to the given page at the time of the last rebuilding of the link tables in the database.</li> <li>Categories have an editable part (however, there is anyway a talk page)</li> <li>A category can have multiple supercategories</li></ul> <p>Advantage of a pseudo-category system using backlinks: </p> <ul><li>Backlinks can show a tree structure: not only pages and subcategories, but also the contents of the subcategories (for each a list of pages and a list of sub-subcategories) and the contents of the sub-subcategories (for each a list of pages and a list of sub-sub-subcategories), but not the contents of the sub-sub-subcategories, up to three levels are shown; see <a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Altcat:Help" title="Special:WhatLinksHere/Altcat:Help">Cat:Help</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Special:Whatlinkshere/Cat:Municipalities_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="w:en:Special:Whatlinkshere/Cat:Municipalities of the Netherlands">Cat:Municipalities of the Netherlands</a>.</li></ul> <p>Alternatively a template (either a dummy one, specially for this purpose, or one with contents) can function as a supercategory, used in connection with backlinks. In that case: </p> <ul><li>also multiple supercategories are possible</li> <li>combined content of subcategories is shown in one list, not grouped by subcategory (the tree structure is not shown, but it can be used by taking the backlinks at a lower node, showing the smaller set)</li> <li>the restriction of three levels (in the case of using redirects) does not apply; for example page Aijkl in the category Aijk in the category Aij in the category Ai in the category A (represented by Aijkl calling template Aijk, etc.) can be shown in the list of pages in category A (the backlinks of template A).</li></ul> <p>"What links here" tends to be a by-product of links that are useful anyway (although links may be put with this use in mind), while category links are put specially to produce a category page. </p><p>Putting a category tag on a test page, user page, etc. (also if done indirectly by including a template with a category tag) is considered to pollute the category, while regular links from such pages showing up in "what links here" is considered harmless. </p><p>Therefore: </p> <ul><li>when copying text to such pages, category tags have to be removed; alternatively, convert the category to a link by adding a leading colon after the brackets. For example, "[[:Category:Art]]" is a link to the category, <i>not</i> an assignment to a category.</li> <li>when including a template that is in a category, do not use the template feature, but use "subst" or copy-and-paste, and delete the category tags.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Applying_"What_links_here"_and_"Related_Changes"_to_a_category" data-mw-thread-id="h-Applying_"What_links_here"_and_"Related_Changes"_to_a_category"><span id="Applying_.22What_links_here.22_and_.22Related_Changes.22_to_a_category"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Applying_"What_links_here"_and_"Related_Changes"_to_a_category"></span>Applying "What links here" and "Related Changes" to a category<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Applying_"What_links_here"_and_"Related_Changes"_to_a_category"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Applying "What links here" and "Related Changes" to a category"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For the "What links here" feature, only the links in the editable part of the page count, not the links to the pages in the category. </p><p>Before 1.4: ditto for the "Related Changes" feature. </p><p>From 1.4: For a category, the "Related Changes" feature gives the changes in the pages in the category (according to the current category page, so excluding the pages that have potentially been added and including those that have potentially been removed, through addition or deletion of a template to/from the category, as explained above) </p> <ul><li>for subcategories: the changes in their editable parts only</li> <li>for images (image pages): the changes in their editable parts only.</li></ul> <p>It does <i>not</i> show the changes in pages linked from the editable parts of the category. Possible workarounds: </p> <ul><li>The editable part can be put in a template. The category tags (which have no effect on Related Changes anyway) can better be kept out of the template, because on the pages of these supercategories the template would be listed under the articles in those categories. Whether interwiki links (with or without interlanguage link feature) are in the template or not does not make a difference, provided that the template is not used elsewhere.</li> <li>Related Changes is applied to a page that calls the category as a template: {{:Category:<i>Category name</i>}}; only the editable part is included in the page; the page could be specially created for this purpose and call multiple categories. However, this page will then be listed in the supercategory pages of each category.</li></ul> <p>As usual (but as opposed to a watchlist) the changes in the corresponding talk pages are not shown. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Detection_of_additions_to_a_category" data-mw-thread-id="h-Detection_of_additions_to_a_category"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Detection_of_additions_to_a_category"></span>Detection of additions to a category<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Detection_of_additions_to_a_category"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Detection of additions to a category"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With "Related Changes" one can find pages which are newly in a category due to addition of a category tag or the tag of a template that is in the category. Addition of pages through addition to the category of a template is seen indirectly: one can see the change in the template, and then check which pages call the template. This even shows pages which are only potentially in the category (see above). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Detection_of_deletions_from_a_category" data-mw-thread-id="h-Detection_of_deletions_from_a_category"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Detection_of_deletions_from_a_category"></span>Detection of deletions from a category<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Detection_of_deletions_from_a_category"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Detection of deletions from a category"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unfortunately there is no similar way to detect a deletion from a category. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Conventions_and_project-specific_settings" data-mw-thread-id="h-Conventions_and_project-specific_settings"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Conventions_and_project-specific_settings"></span>Conventions and project-specific settings<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Conventions_and_project-specific_settings"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Conventions and project-specific settings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each page is typically in at least one category. It may be in more, but it may be wise not to put a page in a category and also in a more general category. </p><p>Each category, except one top-level category, is typically in at least one higher level category. </p><p>Check the conventions in a project and make yourself familiar with the categories in use before assigning pages and subcategories to categories and before creating new categories. </p><p>For category names the usual rules for <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name#Case-sensitivity" title="Help:Page name">case-sensitivity</a> of page names apply: they are case-sensitive beyond the first character, but in most projects the first character is case-insensitive. So be aware that you create a new category if the capitalization beyond the first character is not the same. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="How_categories_are_implemented" data-mw-thread-id="h-How_categories_are_implemented"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-How_categories_are_implemented"></span>How categories are implemented<span data-mw-comment-end="h-How_categories_are_implemented"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: How categories are implemented"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>(partly repeating the above)</i> </p><p>Each of the pages in the <b>Category</b> <a href="/wiki/Help:Namespace" title="Help:Namespace">namespace</a> represents a so-called <b>category</b>, a kind of grouping of related pages. For example, this page belongs to "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:English_documentation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:English documentation (page does not exist)">Category:English documentation</a>". When a page belongs to one or more categories, this information appears at the bottom of the page (or in the upper-right corner, depending on the <a href="/wiki/Help:Preferences" title="Help:Preferences">skin</a> being used). </p><p>The page of the category contains text that can be edited, like any other page, but when displaying the page, the last part of what is displayed is an automatically generated, alphabetical list of all pages in that category, in the form of links (in fact ASCII order, see <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Help:Special page</a>). </p><p>For a complete list of categories, see <a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Special:Categories</a>. Individual wikis may have their own top-level categories, such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Categories" class="extiw" title="w:Category:Categories">w:Category:Categories</a> in Wikipedia. For categories in Meta-Wiki, see <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Meta:Categories" class="extiw" title="m:Meta:Categories">m:Meta:Categories</a>. </p><p>New categories can be <a href="/wiki/Help:Starting_a_new_page" title="Help:Starting a new page">created</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">edited</a> in the same way as any other regular page¹, but when displayed, an automatically generated, alphabetical list of all pages in that category appears at the bottom. </p><p>You can assign a category to a page simply by adding "[[Category:<i>categoryname</i>]]" to the page's <a href="/wiki/Help:Filling_the_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Filling the page">wikitext</a> source. Substitute the actual name of the category in place of <i>categoryname</i>. </p><p>To be specific, in order to add an article called "Albert Einstein" to the category "People", you would edit the article and add "[[Category:People]]" (no quotes) into its page source somewhere. Exactly where doesn't matter, but the Wikipedia policy, for example, is to put it <i>after</i> the article text, but <i>before</i> any <a href="/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" title="Help:Interwiki linking">interlanguage links</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Category_page_note" data-mw-thread-id="h-Category_page_note"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Category_page_note"></span>Category page note<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Category_page_note"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Category page note"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>You can include the template <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Category_note&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Category note (page does not exist)">template:category note</a> {{category note}} into the category page's description, which can link to your <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Top_level&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Top level (page does not exist)">top level</a> category and include basic help. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="here_it_is_for_this_site" data-mw-thread-id="h-here_it_is_for_this_site-Category_page_note"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-here_it_is_for_this_site-Category_page_note"></span>here it is for this site<span data-mw-comment-end="h-here_it_is_for_this_site-Category_page_note"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: here it is for this site"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Category_note&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Category note (page does not exist)">Template:Category note</a> <br clear="right"/> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Large_categories" data-mw-thread-id="h-Large_categories"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Large_categories"></span>Large categories<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Large_categories"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Large categories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If a category is large, there are multiple pages. A page with e.g. the name range Leiden-Rotterdam shows the subcategories, articles and images in that range, together up to 200. Somewhat confusingly, the subcategory count and article count apply to that name range. The editable part of the page is repeated on each of the set of pages. </p><p>To start the list at a given name, use a URL like <a class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:American_actors&from=Ford">http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:American_actors&from=Ford</a> </p><p>A category TOC with such links can be useful. If foreign or otherwise special characters occur, it seems best to order the TOC in accordance with their position in the full list. For example É could be positioned: </p> <ul><li>at E (sort key of Échange is Echange)</li> <li>between E and F (sort key of Échange could be E~change or "F change" with two spaces)</li> <li>after Z (system order, i.e. the order if no sort keys are used)</li></ul> <p>If É in the TOC is between E and F but no sort keys are used, it is confusing that when following the link Z, at the end there are pages starting with É. </p><p>Examples of large categories: </p> <ul><li>with mainly articles: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:American_actors" class="extiw" title="w:Category:American actors">w:Category:American actors</a></li> <li>with mainly images: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Public_domain_images" class="extiw" title="w:Category:Public domain images">w:Category:Public domain images</a></li></ul> <p>See also: </p> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Latin_alphabet#Collating_in_other_languages" class="extiw" title="w:en:Latin alphabet">collating</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Wikipedia:Categorization#Category_sorting" class="extiw" title="w:en:Wikipedia:Categorization">category sorting</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bild_Diskussion:Logo_Begriffskl%C3%A4rung.png#commons:Template:CategoryTOC.2C_en:Template:CategoryTOC.2C_en:Template:CatAZ">list of category TOCs in various Wikipedias</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Timc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Timc (page does not exist)">Template:Timc</a> (see the Talk page for other versions)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Multiple_tags_for_adding_a_page_to_a_category" data-mw-thread-id="h-Multiple_tags_for_adding_a_page_to_a_category"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Multiple_tags_for_adding_a_page_to_a_category"></span>Multiple tags for adding a page to a category<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Multiple_tags_for_adding_a_page_to_a_category"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Multiple tags for adding a page to a category"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Multiple tags for adding a page to a category do not cause multiple listing in the category page, not even if different sort keys have been specified: only the last tag is effective (also, if that has no sort key, this overrides a sort key specified in a previous tag). See <a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Demo_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Help:Demo 1 (page does not exist)">Help:Demo 1</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Editing" data-mw-thread-id="h-Editing"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Editing"></span>Editing<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Editing"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Editing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The preview of the edit page of a category only shows the editable part, not the list of pages in the category, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Category_flattening" data-mw-thread-id="h-Category_flattening"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Category_flattening"></span>Category flattening<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Category_flattening"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Category flattening"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There has been some discussion about implementing the option of category flattening: displaying the articles in a category's subcategories, sub-subcategories, etc. See <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category_flatten" class="extiw" title="m:Category flatten">m:Category flatten</a> and <a class="external autonumber" href="https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1497">[2]</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Usage" data-mw-thread-id="h-Usage"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Usage"></span>Usage<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Usage"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Is a member of" can be any <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:binary_relation" class="extiw" title="w:en:binary relation">binary relation</a> over the set of all pages and the set of categories, When we consider the subcategory relation, we consider the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Function_(mathematics)#Restrictions_and_extensions" class="extiw" title="w:en:Function (mathematics)">restriction</a> (subset) of the binary relation, to one over the set of categories only. It is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Graph_(mathematics)#Directed_graph" class="extiw" title="w:en:Graph (mathematics)">directed graph</a>. </p><p>Usually categories are applied in such a way that page A (hence, in particular, category A) is directly or indirectly a member of category B if and only if the set of information about A is a subset of the set of information about B. This would imply that categories form a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:directed_acyclic_graph" class="extiw" title="w:en:directed acyclic graph">directed acyclic graph</a>. </p><p>Nevertheless, occasionally a category cycle may occur such as: </p><p>Humans->Apes->Primates->Mammals->Animals->Tree of life-> Biology->Science->Human societies->Humans </p><p>In this case the cycle is due to a shift from the object of study, through the activity of studying, to the beings doing the study: the seemingly wrong arrangement with the info about animals supposedly being a subset of the info about humans represents the fact that humans study animals. </p><p>See also <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Wikipedia:Categorization" class="extiw" title="w:en:Wikipedia:Categorization">w:en:Wikipedia:Categorization</a> and its talk page. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Moving_a_category_page" data-mw-thread-id="h-Moving_a_category_page"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Moving_a_category_page"></span>Moving a category page<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Moving_a_category_page"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Moving a category page"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The only way to move a category page in to manually change all category tags that link to the category, and copy the editable part. There is no automatic way to move a category page in the way one moves an article page. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Lists_versus_categories" data-mw-thread-id="h-Lists_versus_categories"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Lists_versus_categories"></span>Lists versus categories<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Lists_versus_categories"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Lists versus categories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For a comparison see: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Demo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Demo (page does not exist)">Category:Demo</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category_talk:Demo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category talk:Demo (page does not exist)">Category talk:Demo</a> (a corresponding list).</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Wikipedia:Merge_lists_to_categories" class="extiw" title="w:en:Wikipedia:Merge lists to categories">w:en:Wikipedia:Merge lists to categories</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Category:Lists_that_should_be_categories" class="extiw" title="w:en:Category:Lists that should be categories">w:en:Category:Lists that should be categories</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Category&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Categories in this project: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikiquote:Categories&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikiquote:Categories (page does not exist)">Project:Categories</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Wikipedia:Category" class="extiw" title="w:en:Wikipedia:Category">w:en:Wikipedia:Category</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorization (page does not exist)">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Category_schemes" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:Category schemes">w:Wikipedia:Category schemes</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Images_on_normal_pages_or_categories:Vote" class="extiw" title="commons:Commons:Images on normal pages or categories:Vote">commons:Commons:Images on normal pages or categories:Vote</a></li> <li><a href="https://sr.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:Tests_for_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA:Bonzo" class="extiw" title="sr:Википедија:Tests for Корисник:Bonzo">sr:Википедија:Tests for Корисник:Bonzo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Wikiquote-specific_content" data-mw-thread-id="h-Wikiquote-specific_content"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Wikiquote-specific_content"></span>Wikiquote-specific content<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Wikiquote-specific_content"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:H:f_Help&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: Wikiquote-specific content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div align="right"><small class="editlink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikiquote.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Ph:Category&action=edit">Edit this Wikiquote- and subject-specific template</a></small></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Links_to_other_help_pages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Links_to_other_help_pages"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Links_to_other_help_pages"></span>Links to other help pages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Links_to_other_help_pages"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:H:f_Help&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Links to other help pages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="2" style="background:#efefef;"> <tbody><tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Help:Contents">Help contents</a></b> - all pages in the Help namespace: <a class="external text" href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AAllpages&from=&namespace=12">Meta</a> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AAllpages&from=&namespace=12">b:</a> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AAllpages&from=&namespace=12">c:</a> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AAllpages&from=&namespace=12">n:</a> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AAllpages&from=&namespace=12">w:</a> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikiquote.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AAllpages&from=&namespace=12">q:</a> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Allpages&from=&namespace=12">wikisource</a> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AAllpages&from=&namespace=12">wiktionary</a><br/> <p><br/> <b>Reading:</b> <a href="/wiki/Help:Reader" title="Help:Reader">Overview</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Go_button" title="Help:Go button">Go</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Search</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URL</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Namespace" title="Help:Namespace">Namespace</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Page name</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Section</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Link</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">Backlinks</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Piped_link" title="Help:Piped link">Piped link</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" title="Help:Interwiki linking">Interwiki link</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirect</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Variable" title="Help:Variable">Variable</a> | <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Category</a> <br/> <b>Tracking changes:</b> <a href="/wiki/Help:Recent_changes" title="Help:Recent changes">Recent</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Enhanced_recent_changes" title="Help:Enhanced recent changes">(enhanced)</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Related_changes" title="Help:Related changes">Related</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Watching_pages" title="Help:Watching pages">Watching pages</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">Page history</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diff</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">Edit summary</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Minor_edit" title="Help:Minor edit">Minor edit</a> <br/> <b>Logging in and preferences:</b> <a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Preferences" title="Help:Preferences">Preferences</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:User_style" title="Help:User style">User style</a><br/> <b>Editing:</b> <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Overview</a>| <a href="/wiki/Help:Starting_a_new_page" title="Help:Starting a new page">New page</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Images_and_other_uploaded_files" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Images and other uploaded files">Images/files</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Image_description_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Image description page">Image description page</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Special characters</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Formula" title="Help:Formula">Formula</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Table</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:EasyTimeline_syntax" title="Help:EasyTimeline syntax">EasyTimeline</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Template intro</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Renaming_(moving)_a_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Renaming (moving) a page">Renaming (moving) a page</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Automatic_conversion_of_wikitext" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Automatic conversion of wikitext">Automatic conversion of wikitext</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_page" title="Help:Talk page">Talk page</a> | <a href="/wiki/Help:Testing" title="Help:Testing">Testing</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikiquote.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Recentchangeslinked&target=Template:H:f">rlc</a><br/> <b>Projects:</b> <b><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" class="extiw" title="m:Help:Category">Meta (master page)</a></b> | <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Help:Category" class="extiw" title="b:Help:Category">Wikibooks</a> | <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" class="extiw" title="commons:Help:Category">Wikicommons</a> | <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Help:Category" class="extiw" title="n:Help:Category">Wikinews</a> | <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" class="extiw" title="w:Help:Category">Wikipedia</a> | <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wikiquote</a> | <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Help:Category" class="extiw" title="s:Help:Category">Wikisource</a> | <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Help:Category" class="extiw" title="wikt:Help:Category">Wiktionary</a><br/> For other languages see Meta. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="External_Links" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_Links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_Links"></span>External Links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_Links"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:H:f_Help&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: External Links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="commons"><img alt="commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/75px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/100px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"/></a><figcaption>commons</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" class="extiw" title="commons:Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" class="extiw" 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