CINXE.COM

Mort a la foguera - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="ca" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Mort a la foguera - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )cawikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","gener","febrer","març","abril","maig","juny","juliol","agost","setembre","octubre","novembre","desembre"],"wgRequestId":"cc6a9450-85bc-47aa-bdb6-752c78635f7b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Mort_a_la_foguera","wgTitle":"Mort a la foguera","wgCurRevisionId":34018804,"wgRevisionId":34018804,"wgArticleId":1006265,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles amb enllaços externs no actius","Pàgines amb enllaç commonscat des de Wikidata","Control d'autoritats","Mètodes d'execució","Foc"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ca","wgPageContentLanguage":"ca","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Mort_a_la_foguera","wgRelevantArticleId":1006265,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia", "wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ca","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ca"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":7000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q468455","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles": "ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","wikibase.client.data-bridge.externalModifiers":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.UkensKonkurranse","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.AltresViccionari","ext.gadget.purgetab","ext.gadget.DocTabs","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","wikibase.client.data-bridge.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ca&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.data-bridge.externalModifiers%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ca&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ca&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Joan_of_arc_burning_at_stake.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1670"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Joan_of_arc_burning_at_stake.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1113"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="890"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Mort a la foguera - Viquipèdia, l&#039;enciclopèdia lliure"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ca.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mort_a_la_foguera"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modifica" href="/w/index.php?title=Mort_a_la_foguera&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Viquipèdia (ca)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ca.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mort_a_la_foguera"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ca"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Canal de sindicació Atom Viquipèdia" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Canvis_recents&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Mort_a_la_foguera rootpage-Mort_a_la_foguera skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vés al contingut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menú principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menú principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menú principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegació </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visiteu la pàgina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d&#039;actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l&#039;Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca a Viquipèdia" aria-label="Cerca a Viquipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Cerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&amp;returnto=Mort+a+la+foguera" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&amp;returnto=Mort+a+la+foguera" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d&#039;usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&amp;returnto=Mort+a+la+foguera" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&amp;returnto=Mort+a+la+foguera" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l&#039;edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d&#039;aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Causes_de_la_mort" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Causes_de_la_mort"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Causes de la mort</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Causes_de_la_mort-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Història_antiga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Història_antiga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Història antiga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Història_antiga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Història_moderna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Història_moderna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Història moderna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Història_moderna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mort a la foguera</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 37 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheiterhaufen" title="Scheiterhaufen - alemany suís" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Scheiterhaufen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemany suís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A7" title="إعدام حرقا - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إعدام حرقا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muerte_na_foguera" title="Muerte na foguera - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Muerte na foguera" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up%C3%A1len%C3%AD_na_hranici" title="Upálení na hranici - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Upálení na hranici" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A6nding_p%C3%A5_b%C3%A5l" title="Brænding på bål - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brænding på bål" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheiterhaufen" title="Scheiterhaufen - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Scheiterhaufen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_by_burning" title="Death by burning - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Death by burning" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brul%C5%9Dtiparo" title="Brulŝtiparo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Brulŝtiparo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muerte_en_la_hoguera" title="Muerte en la hoguera - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Muerte en la hoguera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutan_errea" title="Sutan errea - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sutan errea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="زنده سوزاندن - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زنده سوزاندن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roviolla_polttaminen" title="Roviolla polttaminen - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Roviolla polttaminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BBcher" title="Bûcher - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bûcher" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%93" title="העלאה על המוקד - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="העלאה על המוקד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1glyahal%C3%A1l" title="Máglyahalál - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Máglyahalál" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksekusi_pembakaran" title="Eksekusi pembakaran - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Eksekusi pembakaran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morte_sul_rogo" title="Morte sul rogo - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Morte sul rogo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%88%91" title="火刑 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="火刑" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%ED%98%95" title="화형 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화형" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadedzin%C4%81%C5%A1ana" title="Sadedzināšana - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sadedzināšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7" title="തീവച്ചുള്ള വധശിക്ഷ - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തീവച്ചുള്ള വധശിക്ഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukuman_mati_melalui_pembakaran" title="Hukuman mati melalui pembakaran - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hukuman mati melalui pembakaran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandstapel" title="Brandstapel - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brandstapel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenning_p%C3%A5_b%C3%A5l" title="Brenning på bål - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brenning på bål" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenhi%C3%A8r" title="Lenhièr - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lenhièr" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spalenie_na_stosie" title="Spalenie na stosie - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spalenie na stosie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morte_na_fogueira" title="Morte na fogueira - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Morte na fogueira" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardere_pe_rug" title="Ardere pe rug - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ardere pe rug" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Сожжение - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сожжение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_by_burning" title="Death by burning - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Death by burning" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A4nning_p%C3%A5_b%C3%A5l" title="Bränning på bål - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bränning på bål" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakarak_%C3%B6ld%C3%BCrme" title="Yakarak öldürme - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yakarak öldürme" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Спалення - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Спалення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%C3%AAu_s%E1%BB%91ng" title="Thiêu sống - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thiêu sống" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%88%91" title="火刑 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="火刑" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3e-h%C3%AAng" title="Hóe-hêng - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hóe-hêng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%88%91" title="火刑 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="火刑" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q468455#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mort_a_la_foguera" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussi%C3%B3:Mort_a_la_foguera" rel="discussion" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d&#039;aquesta pàgina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mort_a_la_foguera"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mort_a_la_foguera&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d&#039;aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mort_a_la_foguera&amp;action=history" title="Versions antigues d&#039;aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mort_a_la_foguera"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mort_a_la_foguera&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d&#039;aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mort_a_la_foguera&amp;action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Mort_a_la_foguera" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Mort_a_la_foguera" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d&#039;aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mort_a_la_foguera&amp;oldid=34018804" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mort_a_la_foguera&amp;action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&amp;page=Mort_a_la_foguera&amp;id=34018804&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMort_a_la_foguera"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMort_a_la_foguera"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Mort+a+la+foguera"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Mort_a_la_foguera&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mort_a_la_foguera&amp;printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d&#039;aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Execution_by_burning" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q468455" title="Enllaç a l&#039;element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l&#039;enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Joan_of_arc_burning_at_stake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Joan_of_arc_burning_at_stake.jpg/220px-Joan_of_arc_burning_at_stake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Joan_of_arc_burning_at_stake.jpg/330px-Joan_of_arc_burning_at_stake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Joan_of_arc_burning_at_stake.jpg/440px-Joan_of_arc_burning_at_stake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joana_d%27Arc" title="Joana d&#39;Arc">Joana d'Arc</a> a la foguera abans de la seva execució</figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>mort a la foguera</b> o <b>cremació a la foguera</b> és un tipus de <a href="/wiki/Mort" title="Mort">mort</a> provocada per la <a href="/wiki/Combusti%C3%B3" title="Combustió">combustió</a>. La foguera té una llarga història com a pena de delictes com la <a href="/wiki/Tra%C3%AFci%C3%B3" title="Traïció">traïció</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heretgia" title="Heretgia">heretgia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Bruixeria" title="Bruixeria">bruixeria</a> (sobretot per part de la <a href="/wiki/Inquisici%C3%B3" title="Inquisició">Inquisició</a>). La mort en la foguera va caure en desús al segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xviii</span>, i actualment és considerat un càstig cruel i és molt inusual. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes_de_la_mort">Causes de la mort</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mort_a_la_foguera&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Causes de la mort"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Quan el foc era gran (per exemple, quan un gran nombre de presoners eren executats alhora) la mort sovint provenia de la <a href="/wiki/Intoxicaci%C3%B3" title="Intoxicació">intoxicació</a> per <a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%B2xid_de_carboni" title="Monòxid de carboni">monòxid de carboni</a> abans que les flames causessin mal al cos. Si el foc era petit, tanmateix, el condemnat s'anava cremant durant un temps fins a la mort a causa d'un <a href="/wiki/Cop_de_calor" title="Cop de calor">cop de calor</a>, xoc, pèrdua de <a href="/wiki/Sang" title="Sang">sang</a> o, simplement, la <a href="/wiki/Term%C3%B2lisi" title="Termòlisi">descomposició tèrmica</a> de les parts vitals del cos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Història_antiga"><span id="Hist.C3.B2ria_antiga"></span>Història antiga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mort_a_la_foguera&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Història antiga"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Templars_on_Stake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Templars_on_Stake.jpg/220px-Templars_on_Stake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Templars_on_Stake.jpg/330px-Templars_on_Stake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Templars_on_Stake.jpg/440px-Templars_on_Stake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Orde_del_Temple" title="Orde del Temple">Templaris</a> cremats vius en la foguera</figcaption></figure> <p>Segons <a href="/wiki/Juli_C%C3%A8sar" title="Juli Cèsar">Juli Cèsar</a>, els antics lladres <a href="/wiki/Celtes" title="Celtes">celtes</a> van ser executats i els presoners de guerra van ser tirats al foc; se'ls va denominar "homes de vímet". Els <a href="/wiki/Pobles_ind%C3%ADgenes_d%27Am%C3%A8rica" title="Pobles indígenes d&#39;Amèrica">indis nord-americans</a> sovint utilitzaven la crema com una forma d'<a href="/wiki/Execuci%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Execució">execució</a>, ja sigui contra membres d'altres tribus o contra els <a href="/wiki/Imperi_Brit%C3%A0nic" title="Imperi Britànic">colons blancs</a> en els segles&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xviii</span> i <span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>. </p><p>Sota l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0_d%27Orient" title="Imperi Romà d&#39;Orient">Imperi Romà d'Orient</a>, la crema fou present com a càstig pels <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrisme" title="Zoroastrisme">zoroastristes</a> desobedients, a causa de la creença que ells adoraven el foc. L'<a href="/wiki/Emperador_rom%C3%A0_d%27Orient" title="Emperador romà d&#39;Orient">emperador romà d'Orient</a> <a href="/wiki/Justini%C3%A0_I" title="Justinià I">Justinià&#160;I</a> (<a href="/wiki/527" title="527">527</a> - <a href="/wiki/565" title="565">565</a>) va ordenar que la mort a la foguera, la successió intestada i la confiscació de tots els béns per l'Estat fos el càstig per l'heretgia contra la fe cristiana en seu <a href="/wiki/Codi_Justini%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Codi Justinià">Codi Justinià</a>. </p><p>El <a href="/wiki/1184" title="1184">1184</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica_Romana" title="Església Catòlica Romana">Església Catòlica Romana</a> va legislar la crema com a càstig oficial per <a href="/wiki/Heretgia" title="Heretgia">heretgia</a>. També es creia que, en ser cremat, el condemnat no tindria cos per ser ressuscitat en el <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9s_enll%C3%A0" title="Més enllà">Més Enllà</a>. Aquest decret va ser posteriorment confirmat pel <a href="/wiki/Concili_del_Later%C3%A0_IV" title="Concili del Laterà IV">Concili del Laterà IV</a> el <a href="/wiki/1215" title="1215">1215</a>, el <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%ADnode_de_Tolosa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sínode de Tolosa (encara no existeix)">Sínode de Tolosa</a> el <a href="/wiki/1229" title="1229">1229</a> i per nombrosos líders del <a href="/wiki/Segle_XVII" title="Segle XVII">segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvii</span></a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Maria_I_d%27Anglaterra" title="Maria I d&#39;Anglaterra">Maria I d'Anglaterra</a> va derogar les reformes religioses introduïdes per <a href="/wiki/Enric_VIII_d%27Anglaterra" title="Enric VIII d&#39;Anglaterra">Enric VIII</a>, i continuades per <a href="/wiki/Eduard_VI_d%27Anglaterra" title="Eduard VI d&#39;Anglaterra">Eduard VI</a>, i va sotmetre el <a href="/wiki/Regne_d%27Anglaterra" title="Regne d&#39;Anglaterra">Regne d'Anglaterra</a> a la disciplina <a href="/wiki/Papa" title="Papa">papal</a> el <a href="/wiki/30_de_novembre" title="30 de novembre">30 de novembre</a> de <a href="/wiki/1554" title="1554">1554</a> amb el suport del <a href="/wiki/Cardenal" title="Cardenal">cardenal</a> <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Pole" title="Reginald Pole">Reginald Pole</a>. L'acord amb el papa <a href="/wiki/Juli_III" title="Juli III">Juli III</a> va trigar molts mesos i va haver de concedir que les terres monacals confiscades no serien retornades a l'església sinó que quedarien en mans dels seus influents nous propietaris.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPorter331_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPorter331-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Uns 800 rics protestants van exiliar-se, i els que es van quedar i van persistir a proclamar públicament les seves creences es van convertir en objectiu de les lleis d'<a href="/wiki/Heretgia" title="Heretgia">heretgia</a>, i 283 persones van ser executades, la majoria per <b>mort a la foguera</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaller2006104_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaller2006104-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Les autoritats civils van cremar persones considerades heretges sota la <a href="/wiki/Inquisici%C3%B3" title="Inquisició">inquisició</a> medieval, incloent-hi <a href="/wiki/Giordano_Bruno" title="Giordano Bruno">Giordano Bruno</a>. L'historiador <a href="/wiki/Hernando_del_Pulgar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hernando del Pulgar">Hernando del Pulgar</a>, contemporani dels <a href="/wiki/Reis_Cat%C3%B2lics" title="Reis Catòlics">Reis Catòlics</a>, estima que en la <a href="/wiki/Inquisici%C3%B3_espanyola" title="Inquisició espanyola">Inquisició espanyola</a> es van cremar a la foguera unes 2.000 <a href="/wiki/Apostasia" title="Apostasia">apòstates</a> cap a <a href="/wiki/1490" title="1490">1490</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (tan sols una dècada després que la Inquisició comencés). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Avvakum_by_Pyotr_Yevgenyevich_Myasoyedov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Avvakum_by_Pyotr_Yevgenyevich_Myasoyedov.jpg/220px-Avvakum_by_Pyotr_Yevgenyevich_Myasoyedov.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Avvakum_by_Pyotr_Yevgenyevich_Myasoyedov.jpg/330px-Avvakum_by_Pyotr_Yevgenyevich_Myasoyedov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Avvakum_by_Pyotr_Yevgenyevich_Myasoyedov.jpg/440px-Avvakum_by_Pyotr_Yevgenyevich_Myasoyedov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1404" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Grup de <a href="/wiki/Vells_creients" title="Vells creients">vells creients</a> a <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">Rússia</a> cremant gent a la foguera el <a href="/wiki/1681" title="1681">1681</a></figcaption></figure> <p>El <a href="/wiki/1790" title="1790">1790</a>, Sir Benjamin Hammett va introduir un projecte de llei al <a href="/wiki/Parlament_Brit%C3%A0nic" class="mw-redirect" title="Parlament Britànic">Parlament Britànic</a> per posar fi a la pràctica de la mort a la foguera. La llei va ser finalment aprovada pel Parlament i l'assentiment reial fou donat pel rei <a href="/wiki/Jordi_III_del_Regne_Unit" title="Jordi III del Regne Unit">Jordi III</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Història_moderna"><span id="Hist.C3.B2ria_moderna"></span>Història moderna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mort_a_la_foguera&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Història moderna"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Burning_of_a_Widow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Burning_of_a_Widow.jpg/220px-Burning_of_a_Widow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Burning_of_a_Widow.jpg/330px-Burning_of_a_Widow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Burning_of_a_Widow.jpg/440px-Burning_of_a_Widow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="702" /></a><figcaption>"Cerimònia de l'immolació d'una vídua <a href="/wiki/Hinduisme" title="Hinduisme">hinduista</a> junt amb el cos del seu marit", gravat de 1851 que mostra com una dona es a punt de ser llançada a la pira del seu marit.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cap estat modern no du a terme execucions a la foguera. Igual com totes la pena capital, està prohibit als membres del <a href="/wiki/Consell_d%27Europa" title="Consell d&#39;Europa">Consell d'Europa</a> per la <a href="/wiki/Convenci%C3%B3_Europea_de_Drets_Humans" title="Convenció Europea de Drets Humans">Convenció Europea de Drets Humans</a>. Mai no es va practicar de forma rutinària als <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27Am%C3%A8rica" title="Estats Units d&#39;Amèrica">Estats Units</a>. </p><p>Una de les cremes extrajudicials més notòria dels temps moderns va ocórrer a <a href="/wiki/Waco_(Texas)" title="Waco (Texas)">Waco (Texas)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27Am%C3%A8rica" title="Estats Units d&#39;Amèrica">Estats Units d'Amèrica</a> el <a href="/wiki/15_de_maig" title="15 de maig">15 de maig</a> de <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesse Washington">Jesse Washington</a>, un granger amb problemes mentals <a href="/wiki/Afroameric%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Afroamericà">afroamericà</a>, després d'haver estat condemnat per l'assassinat d'una dona blanca, va ser portat per una multitud a la foguera, va ser <a href="/wiki/Castraci%C3%B3" title="Castració">castrat</a>, ruixat amb <a href="/wiki/Oli" title="Oli">oli</a> de carbó i penjat pel coll d'una cadena sobre la foguera. Va ser una crema lenta que el va conduir a la mort. Encara existeix una imatge de l'esdeveniment que mostra una multitud al costat del cadàver carbonitzat de Washington. El fet va provocar el rebuig internacional i és recordat com el <i>Terror de Waco</i>. </p><p>També s'han donat casos de manera indirecta, per exemple en un <a href="/wiki/Bombardeig" title="Bombardeig">bombardeig</a>, com el de la ciutat <a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">alemanya</a> de <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a> pels avions <a href="/wiki/Aliats_de_la_Segona_Guerra_Mundial" title="Aliats de la Segona Guerra Mundial">aliats</a> durant la <a href="/wiki/Segona_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segona Guerra Mundial">Segona Guerra Mundial</a>: van ser més de sis-cents avions els que van bombardejar la indefensa ciutat, causant més de 200.000&#160;morts que van morir cremats; els que es van llançar al riu esperant així salvar-se van morir per l'aigua escalfada per les <a href="/wiki/Bomba_incendi%C3%A0ria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bomba incendiària">bombes incendiàries</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mort_a_la_foguera&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPorter2007"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Porter</span>, Linda. <i>Mary Tudor: The First Queen</i>&#32;(en anglès).&#32; Londres:&#32;Little, Brown,&#32;2007. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-7499-0982-6" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-7499-0982-6">ISBN 978-0-7499-0982-6</a></span>. <span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/230990057">230990057</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Mary+Tudor%3A+The+First+Queen&amp;rft.aulast=Porter&amp;rft.aufirst=Linda&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&amp;rft.place=Londres&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7499-0982-6&amp;rft_id=info:oclcnum/230990057"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFWaller2006"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Waller</span>, Maureen. <i>Sovereign Ladies: The Six Reigning Queens of England</i>.&#32; Nova York:&#32;St. Martin's Press,&#32;2006. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-312-33801-5" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-312-33801-5">ISBN 0-312-33801-5</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sovereign+Ladies%3A+The+Six+Reigning+Queens+of+England&amp;rft.aulast=Waller&amp;rft.aufirst=Maureen&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&amp;rft.place=Nova+York&amp;rft.isbn=0-312-33801-5"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mort_a_la_foguera&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist &#123;&#123;#if: &#124; references-column-count references-column-count-&#123;&#123;&#123;col&#125;&#125;&#125;" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPorter331-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPorter331_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPorter">Porter</a>, p.&#160;331.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaller2006104-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaller2006104_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaller2006">Waller, 2006</a>, p.&#160;104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?id=_vp1mwUwOmoC&amp;pg=PA90&amp;dq=Hernando+del+Pulgar+2.000+inquisicion+1490&amp;hl=ca&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=KrIbUt-FEeXG7AaK94D4Dw&amp;ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Hernando%20del%20Pulgar%202.000%20inquisicion%201490&amp;f=false"><i>Los Trastamara y la Unidad Española</i></a>&#32;(en castellà). vol.5.&#32; Rialp, Ediciones, S.A.,&#32;1981,&#32;p.&#160;90. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/8432121002" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/8432121002">ISBN 8432121002</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Los+Trastamara+y+la+Unidad+Espa%C3%B1ola&amp;rft.date=1981&amp;rft.pub=Rialp%2C+Ediciones%2C+S.A.&amp;rft.pages=90&amp;rft.isbn=8432121002&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_vp1mwUwOmoC%26pg%3DPA90%26dq%3DHernando%2Bdel%2BPulgar%2B2.000%2Binquisicion%2B1490%26hl%3Dca%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DKrIbUt-FEeXG7AaK94D4Dw%26ved%3D0CDEQ6AEwAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DHernando%2520del%2520Pulgar%25202.000%2520inquisicion%25201490%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i>&#91;<a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Enlla%C3%A7os_externs#Manteniment_d&#39;enllaços_externs" title="Viquipèdia:Enllaços externs">Enllaç no actiu</a>&#93;</i></span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mort_a_la_foguera&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immolaci%C3%B3" title="Immolació">Immolació</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acte_de_fe" title="Acte de fe">Acte de fe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%A7a_de_bruixes" title="Caça de bruixes">Caça de bruixes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combusti%C3%B3_humana_espont%C3%A0nia" title="Combustió humana espontània">Combustió humana espontània</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">A <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal?uselang=ca">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Execution_by_burning" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Execution by burning">Mort a la foguera</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d&#39;autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/7643550-7">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCCN" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN">LCCN</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2014001983">1</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5476bd94cd‐5n6m4 Cached time: 20241111091053 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.183 seconds Real time usage: 0.520 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1312/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11962/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2528/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3538/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.061/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1662488/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 181.874 1 -total 32.95% 59.926 3 Plantilla:Ref-llibre 26.29% 47.811 1 Plantilla:Commonscat 22.60% 41.109 1 Plantilla:Sister 21.28% 38.700 1 Plantilla:Caixa_lateral 17.84% 32.449 1 Plantilla:Autoritat 11.65% 21.181 2 Plantilla:Sfn 9.59% 17.436 1 Plantilla:Referències 8.17% 14.868 3 Plantilla:If_both 3.01% 5.472 2 Plantilla:Segle --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key cawiki:pcache:idhash:1006265-0!canonical and timestamp 20241111091053 and revision id 34018804. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtingut de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mort_a_la_foguera&amp;oldid=34018804">https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mort_a_la_foguera&amp;oldid=34018804</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:M%C3%A8todes_d%27execuci%C3%B3" title="Categoria:Mètodes d&#039;execució">Mètodes d'execució</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Foc" title="Categoria:Foc">Foc</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categories ocultes: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Articles_amb_enlla%C3%A7os_externs_no_actius" title="Categoria:Articles amb enllaços externs no actius">Articles amb enllaços externs no actius</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P%C3%A0gines_amb_enlla%C3%A7_commonscat_des_de_Wikidata" title="Categoria:Pàgines amb enllaç commonscat des de Wikidata">Pàgines amb enllaç commonscat des de Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Control_d%27autoritats" title="Categoria:Control d&#039;autoritats">Control d'autoritats</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La pàgina va ser modificada per darrera vegada el 25 set 2024 a les 13:08.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">El text està disponible sota la <a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Text_de_la_llic%C3%A8ncia_de_Creative_Commons_Reconeixement-Compartir_Igual_4.0_No_adaptada" title="Viquipèdia:Text de la llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement-Compartir Igual 4.0 No adaptada"> Llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement i Compartir-Igual</a>; es poden aplicar termes addicionals. Vegeu les <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/ca">Condicions d'ús</a>. Wikipedia&#174; (Viquipèdia™) és una <a href="/wiki/Marca_comercial" title="Marca comercial">marca registrada</a> de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc</a>.<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Política de privadesa</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Quant_a_la_Viquip%C3%A8dia">Quant al projecte Viquipèdia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Av%C3%ADs_d%27exempci%C3%B3_de_responsabilitat">Descàrrec de responsabilitat</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Codi de conducta</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Desenvolupadors</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ca.wikipedia.org">Estadístiques</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declaració de cookies</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ca.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mort_a_la_foguera&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Versió per a mòbils</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-694cf4987f-kgzwm","wgBackendResponseTime":143,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.183","walltime":"0.520","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1312,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":11962,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2528,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":3538,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 181.874 1 -total"," 32.95% 59.926 3 Plantilla:Ref-llibre"," 26.29% 47.811 1 Plantilla:Commonscat"," 22.60% 41.109 1 Plantilla:Sister"," 21.28% 38.700 1 Plantilla:Caixa_lateral"," 17.84% 32.449 1 Plantilla:Autoritat"," 11.65% 21.181 2 Plantilla:Sfn"," 9.59% 17.436 1 Plantilla:Referències"," 8.17% 14.868 3 Plantilla:If_both"," 3.01% 5.472 2 Plantilla:Segle"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.061","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1662488,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5476bd94cd-5n6m4","timestamp":"20241111091053","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Mort a la foguera","url":"https:\/\/ca.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mort_a_la_foguera","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q468455","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q468455","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2012-06-12T15:30:36Z","dateModified":"2024-09-25T12:08:42Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/96\/Joan_of_arc_burning_at_stake.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10