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role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : US politics" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-US politics" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">US politics</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/uk-news" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : UK news" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-UK" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">UK news</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/environment/climate-crisis" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Climate crisis" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Climate crisis" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Climate crisis</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/world/middleeast" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Middle East" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Middle East" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1julzi7">Middle East</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-4hq641"><a href="/world/ukraine" 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document.getElementById('Lifestyle-button'); if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test. columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){ // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) { e.preventDefault() document.getElementById('Lifestyle-checkbox-input').click(); } }) })</script><input type="checkbox" id="Lifestyle-checkbox-input" tabIndex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1acea34"/><label id="Lifestyle-button" aria-label="Toggle Lifestyle" for="Lifestyle-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="lifestyleLinks" tabIndex="-1" role="menuitem" data-testid="column-collapse-Lifestyle" data-link-name="header : secondary : Lifestyle" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-yq9plo">Lifestyle</label><ul role="menu" id="lifestyleLinks" data-testid="lifestyleLinks" class="dcr-1utnfys"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="/lifeandstyle" role="menuitem" 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class="dcr-6v110l">Search input </div></label><input type="text" id="gu-search" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" aria-describedby required name="q" placeholder="Search the Guardian" data-link-name="header : search" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-qcy5wo"/><label for="gu-search" class="dcr-0"><div class="dcr-6v110l">google-search </div><div class="dcr-radnun"><svg width="30" viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9.273 2c4.023 0 7.25 3.295 7.25 7.273a7.226 7.226 0 0 1-7.25 7.25C5.25 16.523 2 13.296 2 9.273 2 5.295 5.25 2 9.273 2m0 1.84A5.403 5.403 0 0 0 3.84 9.274c0 3 2.409 5.454 5.432 5.454 3 0 5.454-2.454 5.454-5.454 0-3.023-2.454-5.432-5.454-5.432m7.295 10.887L22 20.16 20.16 22l-5.433-5.432v-.932l.91-.909z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-1p0hins">Search</span></div></label><button type="submit" aria-live="polite" aria-label="Search with Google" data-link-name="header : search : submit" tabIndex="-1" class="dcr-1gsboxi"><div class="src-button-space"></div><svg width="30" viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1 12.956h18.274l-7.167 8.575.932.932L23 12.478v-.956l-9.96-9.985-.932.932 7.166 8.575H1z"></path></svg></button><input type="hidden" name="as_sitesearch" value="www.theguardian.com"/></form></li></span><div class="dcr-1q09wwq"></div><ul role="menu" class="dcr-e1bf28"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="https://support.theguardian.com?INTCMP=side_menu_support&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22side_menu_support%22%7D" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Support us" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Support us" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1rg7stg">Support us</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe/weekly?REFPVID=undefined&INTCMP=undefined&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22%3A%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22%2C%22componentId%22%3A%22PrintSubscriptionsHeaderLink%22%2C%22componentType%22%3A%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22%2C%22referrerUrl%22%3A%22%22%7D" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Print subscriptions" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Print subscriptions" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1rg7stg">Print subscriptions</a></li></ul><li role="none" class="dcr-3ae42h"><ul role="menu" id="moreLinks" class="dcr-1mtufo3"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="https://jobs.theguardian.com" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header : secondary : Search jobs" data-testid="column-collapse-sublink-Search jobs" tabIndex="-1" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-a1su5g">Search jobs</a></li><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="https://holidays.theguardian.com?INTCMP=holidays_int_web_newheader" role="menuitem" data-link-name="header 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src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6628d25eab97ef0db98abc935c5ace36b15aba11/0_0_4474_2983/master/4474.jpg?width=465&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" width="465" height="310.0346446133214" loading="eager" class="dcr-evn1e9"/></picture><span class="dcr-v822l1"><div class="dcr-gup2gr"><div class="dcr-zy1nbx"><label for="the-checkbox" class="dcr-1xgwz8b"><svg width="6" height="14" fill="white" viewBox="0 0 6 14"><path d="M4.6 12l-.4 1.4c-.7.2-1.9.6-3 .6-.7 0-1.2-.2-1.2-.9 0-.2 0-.3.1-.5l2-6.7H.7l.4-1.5 4.2-.6h.2L3 12h1.6zm-.3-9.2c-.9 0-1.4-.5-1.4-1.3C2.9.5 3.7 0 4.6 0 5.4 0 6 .5 6 1.3c0 1-.8 1.5-1.7 1.5z"></path></svg></label><input type="checkbox" id="the-checkbox"/> <div id="the-caption"><figcaption data-spacefinder-role="inline" class="dcr-1ie0kc7"><span class="dcr-1inf02i"><svg width="18" height="13" viewBox="0 0 18 13"><path d="M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="dcr-1qvd3m6">Sidestepping the agreement means Trump can raise unlimited amounts of cash from rich backers.</span> Photograph: Brandon Bell/Pool via Reuters</figcaption></div></div></div></span><a href="#img-1" data-ignore="global-link-styling" aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="open-lightbox dcr-13fd1ms"><button data-element-id="8e53a6d3-11e6-4946-912a-75475ba8bfb2" type="button" aria-haspopup="dialog" class="open-lightbox dcr-4tmywn"><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M23 8.75V1.5l-.5-.5h-7.25v1.25l4.5.6L14 8.575 15.4 10l5.75-5.725.6 4.475zm-22 6.5v7.25l.475.5h7.25v-1.25l-4.475-.6 5.725-5.775L8.6 14l-5.775 5.725-.575-4.475z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-194i6pr">View image in fullscreen</span></button></a></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><figcaption data-spacefinder-role="inline" class="dcr-1fujct4"><span class="dcr-1inf02i"><svg width="18" height="13" viewBox="0 0 18 13"><path d="M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="dcr-1qvd3m6">Sidestepping the agreement means Trump can raise unlimited amounts of cash from rich backers.</span> Photograph: Brandon Bell/Pool via Reuters</figcaption></span></figure></div></div></div><aside style="--grid-area:title;" data-gu-name="title" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-10355cg"><div class="dcr-0"><span class="dcr-1v9xu6e"></span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/trump-administration" data-component="section" data-link-name="article section" class="content__label__link dcr-qmfkju"><span>Trump administration</span></a></div></div></aside><div style="--grid-area:border;" data-gu-name="border" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-upmzd8"></div></div><div style="--grid-area:headline;" data-gu-name="headline" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-14emo0l"><div class="dcr-cohhs3"><h1 class="dcr-u0152o">Trump keeps names of donors funding transition secret in break with practice</h1></div></div></div><div style="--grid-area:standfirst;" data-gu-name="standfirst" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class=" dcr-4gwv1z"><p>President-elect alarms ethics experts by neglecting to sign agreement that requires disclosure of donor identities</p></div></div><aside style="--grid-area:meta;" data-gu-name="meta" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-14emo0l"><div class="dcr-ich95x"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="13" viewBox="0 0 1300 13" preserveAspectRatio="none" stroke="var(--article-border)" stroke-width="1" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="dcr-194w08h"><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="0.5" y2="0.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="4.5" y2="4.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="8.5" y2="8.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="12.5" y2="12.5"></line></svg></div></div><div class="dcr-14emo0l"><div class=" dcr-1v9sla6"><div class="dcr-5oiine"><div class="dcr-1kpcv08"><div><address aria-label="Contributor info" data-component="meta-byline" data-link-name="byline"><div class=" dcr-1cfpnlw"><a rel="author" data-link-name="auto tag link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/profile/roberttait">Robert Tait</a><span> in Washington</span></div></address><details style="--mobile-color:inherit;" class="dcr-1pexjb9"><summary class="dcr-1ybxn6r"><span class="dcr-u0h1qy">Mon 25 Nov 2024 15.47 GMT</span></summary>Last modified on Mon 25 Nov 2024 17.11 GMT</details></div></div><div data-print-layout="hide" class="dcr-9dgpdq"><div class=" dcr-16lnb0w"><gu-island name="ShareButton" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"pageId":"us-news/2024/nov/25/trump-administration-transition","webTitle":"Trump keeps names of donors funding transition secret in break with practice","format":{"design":0,"display":0,"theme":0},"context":"ArticleMeta"}"><a href="mailto:?subject=Trump keeps names of donors funding transition secret in break with practice&body=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/nov/25/trump-administration-transition?CMP=share_btn_url" type="button" class="dcr-bao4ku">Share<div class="src-button-space"></div><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M19 16c1.675 0 3 1.35 3 3 0 1.675-1.325 3-3 3a2.97 2.97 0 0 1-2.975-3c0-.125 0-.275.025-.375L7.1 14.15a2.9 2.9 0 0 1-2.075.825C3.325 14.975 2 13.65 2 12a3.004 3.004 0 0 1 3.025-3.025c.775 0 1.5.35 2.075.875l8.95-4.475c-.025-.1-.025-.225-.025-.4A2.966 2.966 0 0 1 19 2c1.675 0 3 1.325 3 2.975C22 6.65 20.675 8 19 8c-.8 0-1.475-.325-2.05-.825l-8.975 4.45C8 11.7 8 11.825 8 12s0 .3-.025.375l8.975 4.45c.575-.5 1.25-.825 2.05-.825m0-12.8c-.975 0-1.8.775-1.8 1.775S18.025 6.8 19 6.8c1 0 1.825-.825 1.825-1.825S20 3.2 19 3.2m0 17.6c1 0 1.825-.825 1.825-1.8 0-1-.825-1.8-1.825-1.8-.975 0-1.8.8-1.8 1.8 0 .975.825 1.8 1.8 1.8"></path></svg></a></gu-island></div><div class=" dcr-1csot3r"><div class="dcr-14baf59"><div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="dcr-fu29fd"><span class="dcr-1lhv23l"><gu-island name="ExpandableMarketingCardWrapper" priority="enhancement" deferUntil="visible" props="{"guardianBaseURL":"https://www.theguardian.com"}"></gu-island></span></div></aside><div style="--grid-area:body;" data-gu-name="body" class="dcr-1upb05m"><span class="dcr-1iz7gbk"><gu-island name="ExpandableMarketingCardWrapper" priority="enhancement" deferUntil="idle" props="{"guardianBaseURL":"https://www.theguardian.com"}"></gu-island></span><div class="dcr-1a4fred"><div id="maincontent" class="dcr-1bwys2b"><div class="article-body-commercial-selector article-body-viewer-selector dcr-1q6n3e0"><p class="dcr-1eu361v">The identities of private donors funding <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/donaldtrump" data-link-name="in body link">Donald Trump’s</a> presidential transition are being kept secret in a break with precedent that is obscuring which groups, businesses or wealthy individuals are helping to launch his second presidency.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">The president-elect has been able to maintain secrecy over his financial backers by neglecting to sign an agreement with the outgoing <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/biden-administration" data-link-name="in body link" data-component="auto-linked-tag">Biden administration</a> that would put strict limits on private funding in exchange for up to $7.2m in federal funding for his transition effort.</p><div id="sign-in-gate"><gu-island name="SignInGateSelector" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"contentType":"Article","sectionId":"us-news","tags":[{"id":"us-news/trump-administration","type":"Keyword","title":"Trump administration"},{"id":"us-news/donaldtrump","type":"Keyword","title":"Donald Trump"},{"id":"us-news/biden-administration","type":"Keyword","title":"Biden 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class="dcr-1eu361v">The agreement requires an incoming president to disclose the names of private donors and caps their donations at $5,000.</p><figure id="d5e85bf8-422e-4633-8170-235a7dbe38da" data-spacefinder-role="richLink" data-spacefinder-type="model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.RichLinkBlockElement" class=" dcr-1your1i"><gu-island name="RichLinkComponent" priority="feature" deferUntil="idle" props="{"richLinkIndex":3,"element":{"_type":"model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.RichLinkBlockElement","prefix":"Related: ","text":"Trump adviser who funded supreme court takeover wants to ‘crush liberal dominance’","elementId":"d5e85bf8-422e-4633-8170-235a7dbe38da","role":"richLink","url":"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/nov/25/leonard-leo-npr-interview"},"ajaxUrl":"https://api.nextgen.guardianapps.co.uk","format":{"design":0,"display":0,"theme":0}}"><div data-print-layout="hide" data-link-name="rich-link-3 | 3" data-component="rich-link" data-name="placeholder" class="dcr-1kyw41h"><div data-format-theme="5" data-format-design="0" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-gss5ug"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/nov/25/leonard-leo-npr-interview" class="dcr-1m887w9"><div class="dcr-1lhuo3r"></div><div class="dcr-ut4tvs"><div class="dcr-1h5b6rb"><div class="dcr-1dgt1gs">Trump adviser who funded supreme court takeover wants to ‘crush liberal dominance’</div></div><div class="dcr-eurq8n"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="m12 0c-6.627 0-12 5.373-12 12 0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12 6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12 0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12m.21 19l-.637-.668 4.888-6.326h-11.465v-1.01h11.465l-4.888-6.333.637-.668 6.79 7.158v.685l-6.79 7.157" class="rich-link__arrow-icon"></path></g></svg><div class="dcr-fkf7vq">Read more</div></div></div></a></div></div></gu-island></figure><p class="dcr-1eu361v">Sidestepping it means Trump can raise unlimited amounts of cash from rich backers to finance his return to the White House while concealing what they are being promised in return.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">He is the first incoming president not to sign the federal transition funding agreement, which is dictated by the Presidential Transition Act.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">Transition funds are typically raised to pay for staff, office space and travel needed to put together an administration.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">Trump’s decision to avoid the standard procedure has alarmed ethics experts, who warn that it enables wealthy individuals to influence the makeup of a new administration without their names or potential conflicts of interest being disclosed.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">It also means the president-elect can accept unlimited donations from foreign donors, who – in contrast to rules prohibiting foreigners from contributing to election campaigns – are legally allowed to donate to transitions.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">“When the money isn’t disclosed, it’s not clear how much everybody is giving, who is giving it and what they are getting in return for their donations,” said Heath Brown, a professor of public policy at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/24/us/politics/donald-trump-2024-campaign-transition.html" data-link-name="in body link">the New York Times</a>.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">“It’s an area where the vast majority of Americans would agree that they want to know who is paying that bill.”</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">The New York Times <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/09/us/politics/donald-trump-ethics-transition.html" data-link-name="in body link">previously</a> reported that Trump had missed a 1 October deadline to submit a legally required ethics pledge agreeing to avoid conflicts of interest while in office.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">His campaign has also avoided signing memorandums of understanding with the General Services Administration, allowing it to provide transition facilities.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">The refusal to sign the agreements stands in contrast to Trump’s actions in the run up to his 2016 election victory, when his campaign closely followed the established transition process.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">The alternative path followed this time comes against a backdrop of mistrust the president-elect has voiced in many public institutions, including the FBI, which has been excluded from carrying out the standard <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/nov/15/trump-cabinet-fbi-background-checks" data-link-name="in body link">background checks</a> on Trump’s nominees.</p><figure id="e4e075a1-fea9-4471-a95b-7df655ccaa87" data-spacefinder-role="richLink" data-spacefinder-type="model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.RichLinkBlockElement" class=" dcr-1your1i"><gu-island name="RichLinkComponent" priority="feature" deferUntil="idle" props="{"richLinkIndex":15,"element":{"_type":"model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.RichLinkBlockElement","prefix":"Related: ","text":"Trump’s cabinet and White House picks – so far","elementId":"e4e075a1-fea9-4471-a95b-7df655ccaa87","role":"richLink","url":"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/nov/19/trump-cabinet-picks-administration-appointees"},"ajaxUrl":"https://api.nextgen.guardianapps.co.uk","format":{"design":0,"display":0,"theme":0}}"><div data-print-layout="hide" data-link-name="rich-link-15 | 15" data-component="rich-link" data-name="placeholder" class="dcr-1kyw41h"><div data-format-theme="5" data-format-design="0" data-format-display="0" class="dcr-gss5ug"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/nov/19/trump-cabinet-picks-administration-appointees" class="dcr-1m887w9"><div class="dcr-1lhuo3r"></div><div class="dcr-ut4tvs"><div class="dcr-1h5b6rb"><div class="dcr-1dgt1gs">Trump’s cabinet and White House picks – so far</div></div><div class="dcr-eurq8n"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g fill-rule="evenodd"><path d="m12 0c-6.627 0-12 5.373-12 12 0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12 6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12 0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12m.21 19l-.637-.668 4.888-6.326h-11.465v-1.01h11.465l-4.888-6.333.637-.668 6.79 7.158v.685l-6.79 7.157" class="rich-link__arrow-icon"></path></g></svg><div class="dcr-fkf7vq">Read more</div></div></div></a></div></div></gu-island></figure><p class="dcr-1eu361v">Max Stier, the president of the Partnership for Public Service, a Washington-based non-profit group, said Trump’s motives in avoiding the standard transition process went beyond lack of trust.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">“The [reason] that I have seen, reported on consistently, is this notion of the requirement to limit donations to $5,000 and be transparent about where that money comes from,” he said.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v">Stier added: “There is a strong public interest in knowing who is funding the transition process and limiting contributions, so that no single individual is able to put too strong a thumb on the scale. Because that transition process is so closely connected to the ultimate governance process, even though it is still on the private sector side.”</p></div></div><gu-island name="SlotBodyEnd" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"contentType":"Article","contributionsServiceUrl":"https://contributions.guardianapis.com","idApiUrl":"https://idapi.theguardian.com","isMinuteArticle":false,"isPaidContent":false,"pageId":"us-news/2024/nov/25/trump-administration-transition","sectionId":"us-news","shouldHideReaderRevenue":false,"stage":"PROD","tags":[{"id":"us-news/trump-administration","type":"Keyword","title":"Trump administration"},{"id":"us-news/donaldtrump","type":"Keyword","title":"Donald Trump"},{"id":"us-news/biden-administration","type":"Keyword","title":"Biden administration"},{"id":"us-news/us-political-financing","type":"Keyword","title":"US political financing"},{"id":"us-news/us-politics","type":"Keyword","title":"US 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