CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ivermectin - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"4453cd20-ae0a-4362-a21b-275f2fbac66e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ivermectin","wgTitle":"Ivermectin","wgCurRevisionId":1259805773,"wgRevisionId":1259805773,"wgArticleId":1117429,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1: long volume value","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use American English from May 2016","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Use mdy dates from July 2024","Drugs with non-standard legal status","ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata","Infobox-drug molecular-weight unexpected-character","Chemical articles having Jmol set/None","Chemical articles having Jmol set","Drugboxes which contain changes to verified fields", "Drugboxes which contain changes to watched fields","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2024","Articles with excerpts","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Commons category link from Wikidata","Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate","Acaricides","Antiparasitic agents","GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators","Glycine receptor agonists","Insecticides","Japanese inventions","Macrolides","Drugs developed by Merck \u0026 Co.","Nicotinic agonists","Peripherally selective drugs","Veterinary drugs","World Health Organization essential medicines","Chloride channel openers"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ivermectin","wgRelevantArticleId":1117429,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[], "wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":80000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q415178","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Ivermectin_skeletal.svg/1200px-Ivermectin_skeletal.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1315"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Ivermectin_skeletal.svg/800px-Ivermectin_skeletal.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="876"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Ivermectin_skeletal.svg/640px-Ivermectin_skeletal.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="701"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ivermectin - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectin"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectin"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ivermectin rootpage-Ivermectin skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ivermectin" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ivermectin" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ivermectin" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ivermectin" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Medical uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Medical_uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Medical uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Medical_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Worm_infections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worm_infections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Worm infections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Worm_infections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mites_and_insects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mites_and_insects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Mites and insects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mites_and_insects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contraindications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contraindications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Contraindications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contraindications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adverse_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adverse_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Adverse effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adverse_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pharmacology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pharmacology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pharmacology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Pharmacology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pharmacology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mechanism_of_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanism_of_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Mechanism of action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanism_of_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pharmacokinetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacokinetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Pharmacokinetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pharmacokinetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Chemistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Society and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Society and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-COVID-19_misinformation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#COVID-19_misinformation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>COVID-19 misinformation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-COVID-19_misinformation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Economics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brand_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brand_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Brand names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brand_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Research-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Research subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parasitic_disease" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parasitic_disease"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Parasitic disease</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parasitic_disease-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tropical_diseases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tropical_diseases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Tropical diseases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tropical_diseases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NAFLD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NAFLD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>NAFLD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NAFLD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-COVID-19" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#COVID-19"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>COVID-19</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-COVID-19-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veterinary_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veterinary_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Veterinary use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veterinary_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ivermectin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermektien" title="Ivermektien – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ivermektien" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="إيفيرمكتين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيفيرمكتين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ایفرمکتین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایفرمکتین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="আইভারমেকটিন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আইভারমেকটিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectina" title="Ivermectina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ivermectina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermektin" title="Ivermektin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ivermektin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifermectin" title="Ifermectin – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ifermectin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectin" title="Ivermectin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ivermectin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermektiin" title="Ivermektiin – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ivermektiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Ιβερμεκτίνη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιβερμεκτίνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectina" title="Ivermectina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ivermectina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermektino" title="Ivermektino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ivermektino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectina" title="Ivermectina – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ivermectina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آیورمکتین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آیورمکتین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectine" title="Ivermectine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ivermectine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%84%EB%A9%95%ED%8B%B4" title="이버멕틴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이버멕틴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Իվերմեկտին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իվերմեկտին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="आईवरमेक्टिन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आईवरमेक्टिन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermektin" title="Ivermektin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ivermektin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectina" title="Ivermectina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ivermectina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9F" title="איברמקטין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איברמקטין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermekt%C4%ABns" title="Ivermektīns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ivermektīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%90%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ഐവർമെക്ടിൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഐവർമെക്ടിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermektin" title="Ivermektin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ivermektin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectine" title="Ivermectine – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ivermectine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A1%E3%82%AF%E3%83%81%E3%83%B3" title="イベルメクチン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イベルメクチン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermektin" title="Ivermektin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ivermektin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D" title="ଆଇଭର୍‌ମେକ୍ଟିନ୍ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆଇଭର୍‌ମେକ୍ଟିନ୍" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwermektyna" title="Iwermektyna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Iwermektyna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectina" title="Ivermectina – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ivermectina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectin%C4%83" title="Ivermectină – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ivermectină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ивермектин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ивермектин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectin" title="Ivermectin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ivermectin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermekt%C3%ADn" title="Ivermektín – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ivermektín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermektin" title="Ivermektin – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ivermektin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermektin" title="Ivermektin – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ivermektin" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermektin" title="Ivermektin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ivermektin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermektiini" title="Ivermektiini – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ivermektiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectin" title="Ivermectin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ivermectin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0vermektin" title="İvermektin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İvermektin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Івермектин – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Івермектин" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectin" title="Ivermectin – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ivermectin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%BB%B4%E8%8F%8C%E7%B4%A0" title="伊维菌素 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊维菌素" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%B6%AD%E8%8F%8C%E7%B4%A0" title="伊維菌素 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊維菌素" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q415178#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ivermectin" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ivermectin" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ivermectin"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ivermectin"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Ivermectin" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Ivermectin" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&oldid=1259805773" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Ivermectin&id=1259805773&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIvermectin"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIvermectin"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ivermectin&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ivermectin" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q415178" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medication for parasite infestations</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title"><span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): Ivermectin">Ivermectin</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivermectin_skeletal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Ivermectin_skeletal.svg/300px-Ivermectin_skeletal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Ivermectin_skeletal.svg/450px-Ivermectin_skeletal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Ivermectin_skeletal.svg/600px-Ivermectin_skeletal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1360" data-file-height="1490" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivermectin-B1a-from-xtal-3D-bs-17.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ivermectin-B1a-from-xtal-3D-bs-17.png/250px-Ivermectin-B1a-from-xtal-3D-bs-17.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ivermectin-B1a-from-xtal-3D-bs-17.png/375px-Ivermectin-B1a-from-xtal-3D-bs-17.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ivermectin-B1a-from-xtal-3D-bs-17.png/500px-Ivermectin-B1a-from-xtal-3D-bs-17.png 2x" data-file-width="3042" data-file-height="2372" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Clinical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>, EYE-vər-MEK-tin </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_nomenclature#Trade_names" title="Drug nomenclature">Trade names</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Stromectol, others</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">MK-933</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Systemic <span title="www.drugs.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ivermectin.html">Monograph</a></span></li><li>Topical <span title="www.drugs.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ivermectin-topical.html">Monograph</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="medlineplus.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a607069.html">a607069</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">License data</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr></small> <a href="/wiki/DailyMed" title="DailyMed">DailyMed</a>: <span title="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Ivermectin">Ivermectin</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_category" title="Pregnancy category">Pregnancy<br />category</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> B3</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of<br />administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">By mouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Topical_medication" title="Topical medication">topical</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_D11" title="ATC code D11">D11AX22</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=D11AX22">WHO</a></span>) , <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_P02" title="ATC code P02">P02CF01</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=P02CF01">WHO</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_P54" class="mw-redirect" title="ATC code P54">QP54AA01</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no/atcvet"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QP54AA01">WHO</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_S02" title="ATC code S02">QS02QA03</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no/atcvet"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QS02QA03">WHO</a></span>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Legal status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Canada">CA</abbr></small>: <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug"> ℞-only</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">℞-only</a><sup id="cite_ref-Stromectol_FDA_label_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stromectol_FDA_label-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Soolantra_FDA_label_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soolantra_FDA_label-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="European Union">EU</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Rx-only" class="mw-redirect" title="Rx-only">Rx-only</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacokinetics" title="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetic</a> data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">Bioavailability</a></th><td class="infobox-data">not determined</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Plasma_protein_binding" title="Plasma protein binding">Protein binding</a></th><td class="infobox-data">93%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_metabolism" title="Drug metabolism">Metabolism</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">Liver</a> (<a href="/wiki/CYP450" class="mw-redirect" title="CYP450">CYP450</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_half-life" title="Biological half-life">Elimination <span class="nowrap">half-life</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data">38.9 ± 20.8 h<sup id="cite_ref-mosquito23_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mosquito23-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">Excretion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Feces; <1% urine</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry">IUPAC name</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">22,23-dihydroavermectin B<sub>1a</sub> + 22,23-dihydroavermectin B<sub>1b</sub></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=70288-86-7">70288-86-7</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=71827-03-7&title=">71827-03-7</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem#CID" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6321424">6321424</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00602">DB00602</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.7988461.html">7988461</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/8883YP2R6D">8883YP2R6D</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D00804">D00804</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:6078">CHEBI:6078</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL1200633">ChEMBL1200633</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB ligand</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>IVM (<span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe-srv/PDBeXplore/ligand/?ligand=IVM">PDBe</a></span>, <span title="www.rcsb.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/ligand/IVM">RCSB PDB</a></span>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID7040235">DTXSID7040235</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415178#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.067.738">100.067.738</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415178#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Chemical and physical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="chemf nowrap">C<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">48</sub></span></span>H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">74</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">14</sub></span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">(22,23-dihydroavermectin B<sub>1a</sub>)</span><br /><span class="chemf nowrap">C<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">47</sub></span></span>H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">72</sub></span></span>O<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">14</sub></span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">(22,23-dihydroavermectin B<sub>1b</sub>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>875.106 g·mol<sup>−1</sup> <span class="nowrap">(22,23-dihydroavermectin B<sub>1a</sub>)</span></li><li>861.079 g·mol<sup>−1</sup> <span class="nowrap">(22,23-dihydroavermectin B<sub>1b</sub>)</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">CC[C@H](C)[C@@H]1[C@H](CC[C@@]2(O1)C[C@@H]3C[C@H](O2)C/C=C(/[C@H]([C@H](/C=C/C=C/4\CO[C@H]5[C@@]4([C@@H](C=C([C@H]5O)C)C(=O)O3)O)C)O[C@H]6C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O6)C)O[C@H]7C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O7)C)O)OC)OC)\C)C.C[C@H]1CC[C@]2(C[C@@H]3C[C@H](O2)C/C=C(/[C@H]([C@H](/C=C/C=C/4\CO[C@H]5[C@@]4([C@@H](C=C([C@H]5O)C)C(=O)O3)O)C)O[C@H]6C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O6)C)O[C@H]7C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O7)C)O)OC)OC)\C)O[C@@H]1C(C)C</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C48H74O14.C47H72O14/c1-11-25(2)43-28(5)17-18-47(62-43)23-34-20-33(61-47)16-15-27(4)42(26(3)13-12-14-32-24-55-45-40(49)29(6)19-35(46(51)58-34)48(32,45)52)59-39-22-37(54-10)44(31(8)57-39)60-38-21-36(53-9)41(50)30(7)56-38;1-24(2)41-27(5)16-17-46(61-41)22-33-19-32(60-46)15-14-26(4)42(25(3)12-11-13-31-23-54-44-39(48)28(6)18–34(45(50)57-33)47(31,44)51)58-38-21-36(53–10)43(30(8)56–38)59-37-20-35(52–9)40(49)29(7)55-37/h12-15,19,25-26,28,30-31,33-45,49-50,52H,11,16-18,20-24H2,1-10H3;11-14,18,24-25,27,29-30,32-44,48-49,51H,15-17,19-23H2,1-10H3/b13-12+,27-15+,32-14+;12-11+,26-14+,31-13+/t25-,26-,28-,30-,31-,33+,34-,35-,36-,37-,38-,39-,40+,41-,42-,43+,44-,45+,47+,48+;25-,27-,29-,30-,32+,33-,34-,35-,36-,37-,38-,39+,40-,41+,42-,43-,44+,46+,47+/m00/s1<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:SPBDXSGPUHCETR-JFUDTMANSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">(what is this?)</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">  <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=457127811&page2=Ivermectin">(verify)</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ivermectin</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Antiparasitic" title="Antiparasitic">antiparasitic</a> <a href="/wiki/Drug" title="Drug">drug</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Laing_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laing-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After its discovery in 1975,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its first uses were in veterinary medicine to prevent and treat <a href="/wiki/Heartworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Heartworm">heartworm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acariasis" title="Acariasis">acariasis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sau2015_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sau2015-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approved for human use in 1987,<sup id="cite_ref-Molyneux2015_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Molyneux2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is used to treat infestations including <a href="/wiki/Head_lice_infestation" title="Head lice infestation">head lice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scabies" title="Scabies">scabies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onchocerciasis" title="Onchocerciasis">river blindness</a> (onchocerciasis), <a href="/wiki/Strongyloidiasis" title="Strongyloidiasis">strongyloidiasis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trichuriasis" title="Trichuriasis">trichuriasis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ascariasis" title="Ascariasis">ascariasis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lymphatic_filariasis" title="Lymphatic filariasis">lymphatic filariasis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sau2015_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sau2015-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It works through many mechanisms to kill the targeted parasites,<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and can be taken <a href="/wiki/By_mouth" class="mw-redirect" title="By mouth">by mouth</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Topical_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Topical administration">applied to the skin</a> for external infestations.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Avermectin" title="Avermectin">avermectin</a> family of medications.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_C._Campbell_(scientist)" title="William C. Campbell (scientist)">William Campbell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_%C5%8Cmura" title="Satoshi Ōmura">Satoshi Ōmura</a> won the 2015 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> for its discovery and applications.<sup id="cite_ref-nobel-2015_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobel-2015-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is on the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-WHO21st_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO21st-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHO22nd_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO22nd-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is approved by the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Antiparasitic_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiparasitic agent">antiparasitic agent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ahmed20_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ahmed20-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, it was the 341st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 100,000 prescriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is available as a <a href="/wiki/Generic_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic medicine">generic medicine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation#Ivermectin" title="COVID-19 misinformation">Misinformation</a> has been widely spread claiming that ivermectin is beneficial for treating and preventing <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such claims are not backed by credible scientific evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-PoppReisSchießer2022_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PoppReisSchießer2022-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-who_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-misleading-evidence_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-misleading-evidence-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Multiple major health organizations, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration,<sup id="cite_ref-FDAIvermectinCOVID2021_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDAIvermectinCOVID2021-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CDCIvermectinCOVID2021_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDCIvermectinCOVID2021-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/European_Medicines_Agency" title="European Medicines Agency">European Medicines Agency</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-EMAIvermectinCOVID2021_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMAIvermectinCOVID2021-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> have advised that ivermectin is not recommended for the treatment of COVID-19.<sup id="cite_ref-who_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Medical uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ivermectin is used to treat human diseases caused by <a href="/wiki/Roundworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Roundworm">roundworms</a> and a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Ectoparasite" class="mw-redirect" title="Ectoparasite">external parasites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Crump2017_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crump2017-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Worm_infections">Worm infections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Worm infections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For <a href="/wiki/River_blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="River blindness">river blindness</a> (onchocerciasis) and <a href="/wiki/Lymphatic_filariasis" title="Lymphatic filariasis">lymphatic filariasis</a>, ivermectin is typically given as part of <a href="/wiki/Mass_drug_administration" title="Mass drug administration">mass drug administration</a> campaigns that distribute the drug to all members of a community affected by the disease.<sup id="cite_ref-Ashour2019_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ashour2019-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adult worms survive in the skin and eventually recover to produce <a href="/wiki/Microfilaria" title="Microfilaria">larval worms</a> again; to keep the worms at bay, ivermectin is given at least once per year for the 10–15-year lifespan of the adult worms.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) considers ivermectin the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/drug_of_choice" class="extiw" title="wikt:drug of choice">drug of choice</a> for <a href="/wiki/Strongyloidiasis" title="Strongyloidiasis">strongyloidiasis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ivermectin is also the primary treatment for <i><a href="/wiki/Mansonella_ozzardi" title="Mansonella ozzardi">Mansonella ozzardi</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Cutaneous_larva_migrans" title="Cutaneous larva migrans">cutaneous larva migrans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PD7-27_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PD7-27-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC) recommends ivermectin, albendazole, or <a href="/wiki/Mebendazole" title="Mebendazole">mebendazole</a> as treatments for <a href="/wiki/Ascariasis" title="Ascariasis">ascariasis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ivermectin is sometimes added to albendazole or mebendazole for <a href="/wiki/Whipworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Whipworm">whipworm</a> treatment, and is considered a second-line treatment for <a href="/wiki/Gnathostomiasis" title="Gnathostomiasis">gnathostomiasis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PD7-27_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PD7-27-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mites_and_insects">Mites and insects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mites and insects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ivermectin is also used to treat infection with parasitic arthropods. <a href="/wiki/Scabies" title="Scabies">Scabies</a> – infestation with the mite <i><a href="/wiki/Sarcoptes_scabiei" title="Sarcoptes scabiei">Sarcoptes scabiei</a></i> – is most commonly treated with topical <a href="/wiki/Permethrin" title="Permethrin">permethrin</a> or oral ivermectin. A single application of permethrin is more efficacious than a single treatment of ivermectin<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. For most scabies cases, ivermectin is used in a two dose regimen: a first dose kills the active mites, but not their eggs. Over the next week, the eggs hatch, and a second dose kills the newly hatched mites.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas2020_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas2020-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDC-Scabies_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC-Scabies-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two dose regimen of ivermectin has similar efficacy to the single dose permethrin treatment. Ivermectin is, however, more effective than permethrin when used in the mass treatment of endemic scabies.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For severe "crusted scabies", where the parasite burden is orders of magnitude higher than usual, the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC) recommends up to seven doses of ivermectin over the course of a month, along with a topical antiparasitic.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC-Scabies_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC-Scabies-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both <a href="/wiki/Head_lice" class="mw-redirect" title="Head lice">head lice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pubic_lice" class="mw-redirect" title="Pubic lice">pubic lice</a> can be treated with oral ivermectin, an ivermectin lotion applied directly to the affected area, or various other insecticides.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ivermectin is also used to treat <a href="/wiki/Rosacea" title="Rosacea">rosacea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blepharitis" title="Blepharitis">blepharitis</a>, both of which can be caused or exacerbated by <i><a href="/wiki/Demodex_folliculorum" title="Demodex folliculorum">Demodex folliculorum</a></i> mites.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contraindications">Contraindications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Contraindications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The only absolute contraindication to the use of ivermectin is hypersensitivity to the active ingredient or any component of the formulation.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In children under the age of five or those who weigh less than 15 kilograms (33 pounds),<sup id="cite_ref-Dourmishev_AL_2004_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dourmishev_AL_2004-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there is limited data regarding the efficacy or safety of ivermectin, though the available data demonstrate few adverse effects.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Pediatrics" title="American Academy of Pediatrics">American Academy of Pediatrics</a> cautions against use of ivermectin in such patients, as the blood-brain barrier is less developed, and thus there may be an increased risk of particular CNS side effects such as encephalopathy, ataxia, coma, or death.<sup id="cite_ref-AAPIvermectinMonographs_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAPIvermectinMonographs-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Family_Physicians" title="American Academy of Family Physicians">American Academy of Family Physicians</a> also recommends against use in these patients, given a lack of sufficient data to prove drug safety.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ivermectin is secreted in very low concentration in breast milk.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It remains unclear if ivermectin is safe during pregnancy.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adverse_effects">Adverse effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Adverse effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Side effects, although uncommon, include fever, itching, and skin rash when taken by mouth;<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2016_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2016-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Red_eye_(medicine)" title="Red eye (medicine)">red eyes</a>, dry skin, and burning skin when used topically for head lice.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFStopical_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFStopical-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unclear if the drug is safe for use during <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">pregnancy</a>, but it is probably acceptable for use during <a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding" title="Breastfeeding">breastfeeding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ivermectin is considered relatively free of toxicity in standard doses (around 300 μg/kg).<sup id="cite_ref-Safety_of_high-dose_ivermectin:_a_s_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Safety_of_high-dose_ivermectin:_a_s-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on the data drug safety sheet for ivermectin,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> side effects are uncommon. However, serious adverse events following ivermectin treatment are more common in people with very high burdens of larval <i><a href="/wiki/Loa_loa" title="Loa loa">Loa loa</a></i> worms in their blood.<sup id="cite_ref-Pion2019_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pion2019-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those who have over 30,000 microfilaria per <a href="/wiki/Milliliter" class="mw-redirect" title="Milliliter">milliliter</a> of blood risk inflammation and capillary blockage due to the rapid death of the microfilaria following ivermectin treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-Pion2019_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pion2019-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One concern is neurotoxicity after large overdoses, which in most mammalian species may manifest as <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system_depression" title="Central nervous system depression">central nervous system depression</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ataxia" title="Ataxia">ataxia</a>, coma, and even death,<sup id="cite_ref-fda_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fda-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as might be expected from potentiation of inhibitory chloride channels.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since drugs that inhibit the enzyme <a href="/wiki/CYP3A4" title="CYP3A4">CYP3A4</a> often also inhibit P-glycoprotein transport, the risk of increased absorption past the blood-brain barrier exists when ivermectin is administered along with other CYP3A4 inhibitors. These drugs include <a href="/wiki/Statin" title="Statin">statins</a>, <a href="/wiki/HIV_protease_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV protease inhibitors">HIV protease inhibitors</a>, many <a href="/wiki/Calcium_channel_blocker" title="Calcium channel blocker">calcium channel blockers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lidocaine" title="Lidocaine">lidocaine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">benzodiazepines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">glucocorticoids</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">dexamethasone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the course of a typical treatment, ivermectin can cause minor <a href="/wiki/Elevated_transaminases" title="Elevated transaminases">aminotransferase elevations</a>. In rare cases it can cause mild clinically apparent <a href="/wiki/Liver_disease" title="Liver disease">liver disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To provide context for the dosing and toxicity ranges, the <a href="/wiki/Median_lethal_dose" title="Median lethal dose">LD<sub style="font-size:-1">50</sub></a> of ivermectin in mice is 25 mg/kg (oral), and 80 mg/kg in dogs, corresponding to an approximated <a href="/wiki/Human_equivalent#Human_equivalent_dose" title="Human equivalent">human-equivalent dose</a> LD50 range of 2.02–43.24 mg/kg,<sup id="cite_ref-Juarez_2018_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Juarez_2018-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is far in excess of its FDA-approved usage (a single dose of 0.150–0.200 mg/kg to be used for specific parasitic infections).<sup id="cite_ref-Stromectol_FDA_label_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stromectol_FDA_label-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While ivermectin has also been studied for use in COVID-19, and while it has some ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, achieving 50% inhibition in vitro was found to require an estimated oral dose of 7.0 mg/kg (or 35x the maximum FDA-approved dosage),<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> high enough to be considered ivermectin poisoning.<sup id="cite_ref-Juarez_2018_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Juarez_2018-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite insufficient data to show any safe and effective dosing regimen for ivermectin in COVID-19, doses have been taken far in excess of FDA-approved dosing, leading the CDC to issue a warning of overdose symptoms including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypotension, <a href="/wiki/Altered_level_of_consciousness" title="Altered level of consciousness">decreased level of consciousness</a>, confusion, blurred vision, visual hallucinations, loss of coordination and balance, seizures, coma, and death. The CDC advises against consuming doses intended for livestock or doses intended for external use and warns that increasing misuse of ivermectin-containing products is resulting in an increase in harmful overdoses.<sup id="cite_ref-cdchealthadvisory_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdchealthadvisory-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pharmacology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivermectin_mechanism_of_action_3RHW.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ivermectin_mechanism_of_action_3RHW.png/330px-Ivermectin_mechanism_of_action_3RHW.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ivermectin_mechanism_of_action_3RHW.png/495px-Ivermectin_mechanism_of_action_3RHW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ivermectin_mechanism_of_action_3RHW.png/660px-Ivermectin_mechanism_of_action_3RHW.png 2x" data-file-width="3250" data-file-height="2900" /></a><figcaption>Ivermectin (IVM) bound to a <i><a href="/wiki/C._elegans" class="mw-redirect" title="C. elegans">C. elegans</a></i> GluClR. IVM molecules interact with a binding pocket formed by the transmembrane domains of adjacent GluClR subunits, "locking" the receptor in an activated (open) conformation that allows unrestricted passage of chloride (Cl−) ions into the cell. (The plasma membrane is represented as a blue–pink gradient.) From <span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3RHW">3RHW</a></span>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanism_of_action">Mechanism of action</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mechanism of action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ivermectin and its related drugs act by interfering with the nerve and muscle functions of <a href="/wiki/Helminths" class="mw-redirect" title="Helminths">helminths</a> and insects.<sup id="cite_ref-Martin2021_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martin2021-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The drug binds to <a href="/wiki/Glutamate" class="mw-redirect" title="Glutamate">glutamate</a>-gated <a href="/wiki/Chloride_channel" title="Chloride channel">chloride channels</a> common to invertebrate nerve and muscle cells.<sup id="cite_ref-Omura2014_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Omura2014-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The binding pushes the channels open, which increases the flow of <a href="/wiki/Chloride_ions" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloride ions">chloride ions</a> and hyper-polarizes the cell membranes,<sup id="cite_ref-Martin2021_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martin2021-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> paralyzing and killing the invertebrate.<sup id="cite_ref-Omura2014_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Omura2014-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ivermectin is safe for mammals (at the normal therapeutic doses used to cure parasite infections) because mammalian glutamate-gated chloride channels only occur in the brain and spinal cord: the causative avermectins usually do not cross the <a href="/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93brain_barrier" title="Blood–brain barrier">blood–brain barrier</a>, and are unlikely to bind to other mammalian <a href="/wiki/Ligand-gated_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligand-gated channel">ligand-gated channels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Omura2014_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Omura2014-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pharmacokinetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ivermectin can be given by mouth, topically, or via injection. Oral doses are absorbed into systemic circulation; the alcoholic solution form is more orally available than tablet and capsule forms. Ivermectin is widely distributed in the body.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18446504_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18446504-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ivermectin does not readily cross the blood–brain barrier of mammals due to the presence of <a href="/wiki/P-glycoprotein" title="P-glycoprotein">P-glycoprotein</a> (the <i>MDR1</i> gene mutation affects the function of this protein).<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crossing may still become significant if ivermectin is given at high doses, in which case brain levels peak 2–5 hours after administration. In contrast to mammals, ivermectin can cross the blood–brain barrier in tortoises, often with fatal consequences.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ivermectin is metabolized into eight different products by human <a href="/wiki/CYP3A4" title="CYP3A4">CYP3A4</a>, two of which (M1, M2) remain toxic to mosquitos. M1 and M2 also have longer elimination half-lives of about 55 hours. <a href="/wiki/CYP3A5" title="CYP3A5">CYP3A5</a> produces a ninth metabolite.<sup id="cite_ref-mosquito23_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mosquito23-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avermectins.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Avermectins.png/220px-Avermectins.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Avermectins.png/330px-Avermectins.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Avermectins.png/440px-Avermectins.png 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1277" /></a><figcaption>Avermectins produced by fermentation are the chemical starting point for ivermectin</figcaption></figure> <p>Fermentation of <i><a href="/wiki/Streptomyces_avermitilis" title="Streptomyces avermitilis">Streptomyces avermitilis</a></i> yields eight closely related <a href="/wiki/Avermectin" title="Avermectin">avermectin</a> <a href="/wiki/Analogue_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Analogue (chemistry)">homologues</a>, of which B<sub>1a</sub> and B<sub>1b</sub> form the bulk of the products isolated. In a separate chemical step, the mixture is <a href="/wiki/Hydrogenated" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogenated">hydrogenated</a> to give ivermectin, which is an approximately 80:20 mixture of the two 22,23-dihydroavermectin compounds.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Laing_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laing-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ivermectin is a macrocyclical lactone.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Avermectin" title="Avermectin">avermectin</a> family of compounds was discovered by <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_%C5%8Cmura" title="Satoshi Ōmura">Satoshi Ōmura</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kitasato_University" title="Kitasato University">Kitasato University</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_C._Campbell_(scientist)" title="William C. Campbell (scientist)">William Campbell</a> of <a href="/wiki/Merck_%26_Co." title="Merck & Co.">Merck</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Laing_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laing-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1970, Ōmura isolated a strain of <i><a href="/wiki/Streptomyces_avermitilis" title="Streptomyces avermitilis">Streptomyces avermitilis</a></i> from woodland soil near a golf course along the south east coast of <a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a>, Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-Laing_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laing-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ōmura sent the bacteria to William Campbell, who showed that the bacterial culture could cure mice infected with the roundworm <i><a href="/wiki/Heligmosomoides_polygyrus" title="Heligmosomoides polygyrus">Heligmosomoides polygyrus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Laing_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laing-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Campbell isolated the active compounds from the bacterial culture, naming them "avermectins" and the bacterium <i>Streptomyces avermitilis</i> for the compounds' ability to clear mice of worms (in Latin: <i>a</i> 'without', <i>vermis</i> 'worms').<sup id="cite_ref-Laing_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laing-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the various avermectins, Campbell's group found the compound "avermectin B<sub>1</sub>" to be the most potent when taken orally.<sup id="cite_ref-Laing_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laing-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They synthesized modified forms of avermectin B<sub>1</sub> to improve its pharmaceutical properties, eventually choosing a mixture of at least 80% 22,23-dihydroavermectin B<sub>1a</sub> and up to 20% 22,23-dihydroavermectin B<sub>1b</sub>, a combination they called "ivermectin".<sup id="cite_ref-Laing_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laing-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ivermectin:_a_potent_new_antiparasi_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ivermectin:_a_potent_new_antiparasi-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The discovery of ivermectin has been described as a combination of "chance and choice." Merck was looking for a broad-spectrum anthelmintic, which ivermectin is indeed; however, Campbell noted that they "...also found a broad-spectrum agent for the control of ectoparasitic insects and mites."<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Merck began marketing ivermectin as a veterinary antiparasitic in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-Laing_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laing-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1986, ivermectin was registered for use in 46 countries and was administered massively to cattle, sheep and other animals.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the late 1980s, ivermectin was the bestselling veterinary medicine in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Laing_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laing-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following its blockbuster success as a veterinary antiparasitic, another Merck scientist, Mohamed Aziz, collaborated with the World Health Organization to test the safety and efficacy of ivermectin against <a href="/wiki/Onchocerciasis" title="Onchocerciasis">onchocerciasis</a> in humans.<sup id="cite_ref-Molyneux2015_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Molyneux2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They found it to be highly safe and effective,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> triggering Merck to register ivermectin for human use as "Mectizan" in France in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-Molyneux2015_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Molyneux2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A year later, Merck CEO <a href="/wiki/Roy_Vagelos" class="mw-redirect" title="Roy Vagelos">Roy Vagelos</a> agreed that Merck would donate all ivermectin needed to eradicate river blindness.<sup id="cite_ref-Molyneux2015_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Molyneux2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, that donation would be expanded to include ivermectin used to treat lymphatic filariasis.<sup id="cite_ref-Molyneux2015_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Molyneux2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ivermectin earned the title of "wonder drug" for the treatment of nematodes and arthropod parasites.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ivermectin has been used safely by hundreds of millions of people to treat river blindness and lymphatic filariasis.<sup id="cite_ref-Laing_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laing-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Half of the 2015 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> was awarded jointly to Campbell and Ōmura for discovering ivermectin, "the derivatives of which have radically lowered the incidence of <a href="/wiki/Onchocerciasis" title="Onchocerciasis">river blindness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lymphatic_filariasis" title="Lymphatic filariasis">lymphatic filariasis</a>, as well as showing efficacy against an expanding number of other parasitic diseases".<sup id="cite_ref-nobel-2015_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobel-2015-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="COVID-19_misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: COVID-19 misinformation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">These paragraphs are an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic">Ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>Early in the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, laboratory research suggested ivermectin might have a role in preventing or treating COVID-19.<sup id="cite_ref-Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_Caly2020_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_Caly2020-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Online misinformation campaigns and advocacy boosted the drug's profile among the public. While scientists and physicians largely remained skeptical, some nations adopted ivermectin as part of their pandemic-control efforts. Some people, desperate to use ivermectin without a prescription, took veterinary preparations, which led to shortages of supplies of ivermectin for animal treatment. The FDA responded to this situation by saying "You are not a horse" in a Tweet to draw attention to the issue, for which they were later sued.<sup id="cite_ref-Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_shortage_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_shortage-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_langford_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_langford-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> Subsequent research failed to confirm the utility of ivermectin for COVID-19,<sup id="cite_ref-Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_coch2022_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_coch2022-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2021 it emerged that many of the studies demonstrating benefit were faulty, misleading, or <a href="/wiki/Scientific_misconduct" title="Scientific misconduct">fraudulent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, misinformation about ivermectin continued to be propagated on social media and the drug remained a <a href="/wiki/Cause_c%C3%A9l%C3%A8bre" title="Cause célèbre">cause célèbre</a> for <a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activism" title="Anti-vaccine activism">anti-vaccinationists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theorists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_Guardian2021_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_Guardian2021-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economics">Economics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The initial price proposed by Merck in 1987 was <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>6 per treatment, which was unaffordable for patients who most needed ivermectin.<sup id="cite_ref-Crump2011_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crump2011-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company donated hundreds of millions of courses of treatments since 1988 in more than 30 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-Crump2011_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crump2011-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1995 and 2010, using donated ivermectin to prevent <a href="/wiki/River_blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="River blindness">river blindness</a>, the program is estimated to have prevented seven million years of disability at a cost of <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>257 million.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ivermectin is considered an inexpensive drug.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2019, ivermectin tablets (Stromectol) in the United States were the least expensive treatment option for lice in children at approximately <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>9.30, while Sklice, an ivermectin lotion, cost around <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>300 for 120 mL (4 US fl oz).<sup id="cite_ref-Nelson2019_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson2019-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the <a href="/wiki/Cost_effectiveness" class="mw-redirect" title="Cost effectiveness">cost effectiveness</a> of treating scabies and lice with ivermectin has not been studied.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brand_names">Brand names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Brand names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is sold under the brand names Heartgard, Sklice<sup id="cite_ref-Sklice_FDA_label_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sklice_FDA_label-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Stromectol<sup id="cite_ref-Stromectol_FDA_label_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stromectol_FDA_label-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the United States, Ivomec worldwide by Merial Animal Health, Mectizan in Canada by <a href="/wiki/Merck_%26_Co." title="Merck & Co.">Merck</a>, Iver-DT<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Nepal by Alive Pharmaceutical and Ivexterm in Mexico by <a href="/wiki/Valeant_Pharmaceuticals_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Valeant Pharmaceuticals International">Valeant Pharmaceuticals International</a>. In Southeast Asian countries, it is marketed by Delta Pharma Ltd. under the trade name Scabo 6. The formulation for rosacea treatment is sold under the brand name Soolantra.<sup id="cite_ref-Soolantra_FDA_label_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soolantra_FDA_label-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in development, it was assigned the code MK-933 by Merck.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parasitic_disease">Parasitic disease</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Parasitic disease"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ivermectin has been researched in laboratory animals, as a potential treatment for <a href="/wiki/Trichinosis" title="Trichinosis">trichinosis</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ashour2019_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ashour2019-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Trypanosomiasis" title="Trypanosomiasis">trypanosomiasis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Udenski2012_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Udenski2012-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ivermectin has also been tested on <a href="/wiki/Zebrafish" title="Zebrafish">zebrafish</a> infected with <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudocapillaria_tomentosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudocapillaria tomentosa (page does not exist)">Pseudocapillaria tomentosa</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tropical_diseases">Tropical diseases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Tropical diseases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ivermectin is also of interest in the prevention of <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>, as it is toxic to both the malaria <a href="/wiki/Plasmodium" title="Plasmodium">plasmodium</a> itself and the <a href="/wiki/Mosquito" title="Mosquito">mosquitos</a> that carry it.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A direct effect on malaria parasites could not be shown in an experimental infection of volunteers with <i><a href="/wiki/Plasmodium_falciparum" title="Plasmodium falciparum">Plasmodium falciparum</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Use of ivermectin at higher doses necessary to control malaria is probably safe, though large clinical trials have not yet been done to definitively establish the efficacy or safety of ivermectin for prophylaxis or treatment of malaria.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Safety_of_high-dose_ivermectin:_a_s_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Safety_of_high-dose_ivermectin:_a_s-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mass drug administration of a population with ivermectin to treat and prevent nematode infestation is effective for eliminating malaria-bearing mosquitos and thereby potentially reducing infection with residual <a href="/wiki/Plasmodium_falciparum" title="Plasmodium falciparum">malaria parasites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whilst effective in killing malaria-bearing mosquitos, a 2021 Cochrane review found that, to date, the evidence shows no significant impact on reducing incidence of malaria transmission from the community administration of ivermectin.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One alternative to ivermectin is <a href="/wiki/Moxidectin" title="Moxidectin">moxidectin</a>, which has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in people with river blindness.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moxidectin has a longer half-life than ivermectin and may eventually supplant ivermectin as it is a more potent microfilaricide, but there is a need for additional clinical trials, with long-term follow-up, to assess whether moxidectin is safe and effective for treatment of nematode infection in children and women of childbearing potential.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is tentative evidence that ivermectin kills <a href="/wiki/Bedbug" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedbug">bedbugs</a>, as part of <a href="/wiki/Integrated_pest_management" title="Integrated pest management">integrated pest management</a> for <a href="/wiki/Bedbug_infestation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedbug infestation">bedbug infestations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, such use may require a prolonged course of treatment which is of unclear safety.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NAFLD">NAFLD</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: NAFLD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013, ivermectin was demonstrated as a novel ligand of the <a href="/wiki/Farnesoid_X_receptor" title="Farnesoid X receptor">farnesoid X receptor</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid25388537_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25388537-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a therapeutic target for <a href="/wiki/Non-alcoholic_fatty_liver_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease">nonalcoholic fatty liver disease</a> (NAFLD).<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="COVID-19">COVID-19</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: COVID-19"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Research" title="Ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic">Ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic § Research</a></div> <p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, ivermectin was researched for possible utility in preventing and treating COVID-19, but no good evidence of benefit was found.<sup id="cite_ref-Cochrane2022_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cochrane2022-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Veterinary_use">Veterinary use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Veterinary use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ivermectin is routinely used to control parasitic worms in the gastrointestinal tract of <a href="/wiki/Ruminant" title="Ruminant">ruminant</a> animals. These parasites normally enter the animal when it is grazing, pass the bowel, and set and mature in the intestines, after which they produce eggs that leave the animal via its droppings and can infest new pastures. Ivermectin is only effective in killing some of these parasites, because of an increase in anthelmintic resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This resistance has arisen from the persistent use of the same anthelmintic drugs for the past 40 years.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the use of Ivermectin for livestock has a profound impact on dung beetles, such as <i>T. lusitanicus</i>, as it can lead to acute toxicity within these insects.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In dogs, ivermectin is routinely used as prophylaxis against <a href="/wiki/Dirofilaria_immitis" title="Dirofilaria immitis">heartworm.</a><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dogs with defects in the <a href="/wiki/P-glycoprotein" title="P-glycoprotein">P-glycoprotein</a> gene (<i>MDR1</i>), often collie-like herding dogs, can be severely poisoned by ivermectin. The mnemonic "white feet, don't treat" refers to Scotch collies that are vulnerable to ivermectin.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some other dog breeds (especially the <a href="/wiki/Rough_Collie" title="Rough Collie">Rough Collie</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Smooth_Collie" title="Smooth Collie">Smooth Collie</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Shetland_Sheepdog" title="Shetland Sheepdog">Shetland Sheepdog</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Shepherd" title="Australian Shepherd">Australian Shepherd</a>), also have a high incidence of mutation within the <i><a href="/wiki/MDR1" class="mw-redirect" title="MDR1">MDR1</a></i> gene (coding for P-glycoprotein) and are sensitive to the toxic effects of ivermectin.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For dogs, the insecticide <a href="/wiki/Spinosad" title="Spinosad">spinosad</a> may have the effect of increasing the toxicity of ivermectin.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 0.01% ivermectin topical preparation for treating <a href="/wiki/Ear_mite" title="Ear mite">ear mites</a> in cats is available.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clinical evidence suggests 7-week-old kittens are susceptible to ivermectin toxicity.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ivermectin is sometimes used as an <a href="/wiki/Acaricide" title="Acaricide">acaricide</a> in reptiles, both by injection and as a diluted spray. While this works well in some cases, care must be taken, as several species of reptiles are very sensitive to ivermectin. Use in turtles is particularly contraindicated.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A characteristic of the antinematodal action of ivermectin is its potency: for instance, to combat <i><a href="/wiki/Dirofilaria_immitis" title="Dirofilaria immitis">Dirofilaria immitis</a></i> in dogs, ivermectin is effective at 0.001 milligram per kilogram of body weight when administered orally.<sup id="cite_ref-Ivermectin:_a_potent_new_antiparasi_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ivermectin:_a_potent_new_antiparasi-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This recommendation is not universal. The World Health Organization recommends ascariasis be treated with mebendazole or <a href="/wiki/Pyrantel_pamoate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrantel pamoate">pyrantel pamoate</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the textbook <i>Parasitic Diseases</i> recommends albendazole or mebendazole.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2020 <a href="/wiki/Cochrane_review" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochrane review">Cochrane review</a> concluded that the three drugs are equally safe and effective for treating ascariasis.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New Drug Application Identifier: 50-742/S-022</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hpr-rps.hres.ca/reg-content/regulatory-decision-summary-detail.php?lang=en&linkID=RDS00498">"Regulatory Decision Summary for Stromectol"</a>. October 23, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220607074302/https://hpr-rps.hres.ca/reg-content/regulatory-decision-summary-detail.php?lang=en&linkID=RDS00498">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regulatory+Decision+Summary+for+Stromectol&rft.date=2014-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhpr-rps.hres.ca%2Freg-content%2Fregulatory-decision-summary-detail.php%3Flang%3Den%26linkID%3DRDS00498&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/drugs-health-products/health-canada-new-drug-authorizations-2015-highlights.html">"Health Canada New Drug Authorizations: 2015 Highlights"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Health_Canada" title="Health Canada">Health Canada</a></i>. May 4, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200220215421/https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/drugs-health-products/health-canada-new-drug-authorizations-2015-highlights.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Health+Canada&rft.atitle=Health+Canada+New+Drug+Authorizations%3A+2015+Highlights&rft.date=2016-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fhealth-canada%2Fservices%2Fpublications%2Fdrugs-health-products%2Fhealth-canada-new-drug-authorizations-2015-highlights.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stromectol_FDA_label-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stromectol_FDA_label_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stromectol_FDA_label_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stromectol_FDA_label_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=681888c9-af79-4b7d-ae80-c3f4f6f1effd">"Stromectol – ivermectin tablet"</a>. <i>DailyMed</i>. December 15, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031133921/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=681888c9-af79-4b7d-ae80-c3f4f6f1effd">Archived</a> from the original on October 31, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DailyMed&rft.atitle=Stromectol+%E2%80%93+ivermectin+tablet&rft.date=2019-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailymed.nlm.nih.gov%2Fdailymed%2FdrugInfo.cfm%3Fsetid%3D681888c9-af79-4b7d-ae80-c3f4f6f1effd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Soolantra_FDA_label-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Soolantra_FDA_label_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Soolantra_FDA_label_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b1d5b166-ab06-4ab5-b0c6-31126238118a">"Soolantra – ivermectin cream"</a>. <i>DailyMed</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210719061814/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b1d5b166-ab06-4ab5-b0c6-31126238118a">Archived</a> from the original on July 19, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DailyMed&rft.atitle=Soolantra+%E2%80%93+ivermectin+cream&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailymed.nlm.nih.gov%2Fdailymed%2FdrugInfo.cfm%3Fsetid%3Db1d5b166-ab06-4ab5-b0c6-31126238118a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/psusa/ivermectin-topical-use-list-nationally-authorised-medicinal-products-psusa/00010376/202004_en.pdf">"List of nationally authorised medicinal products"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. European Medicines Agency. November 26, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201228003009/https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/psusa/ivermectin-topical-use-list-nationally-authorised-medicinal-products-psusa/00010376/202004_en.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+nationally+authorised+medicinal+products&rft.pub=European+Medicines+Agency&rft.date=2020-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ema.europa.eu%2Fdocuments%2Fpsusa%2Fivermectin-topical-use-list-nationally-authorised-medicinal-products-psusa%2F00010376%2F202004_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mosquito23-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mosquito23_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mosquito23_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKernMüllerChaccourLiechti2023" class="citation journal cs1">Kern C, Müller P, Chaccour C, Liechti ME, Hammann F, Duthaler U (June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10290335">"Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin metabolites and their activity against Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes"</a>. <i>Malaria Journal</i>. <b>22</b> (1): 194. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12936-023-04624-0">10.1186/s12936-023-04624-0</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10290335">10290335</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37355605">37355605</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Malaria+Journal&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetics+of+ivermectin+metabolites+and+their+activity+against+Anopheles+stephensi+mosquitoes&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=194&rft.date=2023-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10290335%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37355605&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs12936-023-04624-0&rft.aulast=Kern&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=M%C3%BCller%2C+P&rft.au=Chaccour%2C+C&rft.au=Liechti%2C+ME&rft.au=Hammann%2C+F&rft.au=Duthaler%2C+U&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10290335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Laing-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Laing_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Laing_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Laing_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Laing_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Laing_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Laing_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Laing_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Laing_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Laing_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Laing_7-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Laing_7-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaingGillanDevaney2017" class="citation journal cs1">Laing R, Gillan V, Devaney E (June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5446326">"Ivermectin – Old Drug, New Tricks?"</a>. <i>Trends in Parasitology</i>. <b>33</b> (6): 463–472. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pt.2017.02.004">10.1016/j.pt.2017.02.004</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5446326">5446326</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28285851">28285851</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Ivermectin+%E2%80%93+Old+Drug%2C+New+Tricks%3F&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=463-472&rft.date=2017-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5446326%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28285851&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pt.2017.02.004&rft.aulast=Laing&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Gillan%2C+V&rft.au=Devaney%2C+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5446326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2012" class="citation journal cs1">Campbell WC (May 2012). "History of avermectin and ivermectin, with notes on the history of other macrocyclic lactone antiparasitic agents". <i>Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology</i>. <b>13</b> (6): 853–865. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2174%2F138920112800399095">10.2174/138920112800399095</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22039784">22039784</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Pharmaceutical+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=History+of+avermectin+and+ivermectin%2C+with+notes+on+the+history+of+other+macrocyclic+lactone+antiparasitic+agents&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=853-865&rft.date=2012-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2174%2F138920112800399095&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22039784&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=WC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sau2015-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sau2015_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sau2015_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SJvmCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA420"><i>Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs: Small and Large Animal</i></a> (4 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. 2015. p. 420. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-323-24486-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-323-24486-2"><bdi>978-0-323-24486-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160131142826/https://books.google.com/books?id=SJvmCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA420">Archived</a> from the original on January 31, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saunders+Handbook+of+Veterinary+Drugs%3A+Small+and+Large+Animal&rft.pages=420&rft.edition=4&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-323-24486-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSJvmCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Molyneux2015-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Molyneux2015_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Molyneux2015_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Molyneux2015_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Molyneux2015_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Molyneux2015_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolyneuxWard2015" class="citation journal cs1">Molyneux DH, Ward SA (December 2015). "Reflections on the Nobel Prize for Medicine 2015—The Public Health Legacy and Impact of Avermectin and Artemisinin". <i>Trends in Parasitology</i>. <b>31</b> (12): 605–607. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pt.2015.10.008">10.1016/j.pt.2015.10.008</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26552892">26552892</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Reflections+on+the+Nobel+Prize+for+Medicine+2015%E2%80%94The+Public+Health+Legacy+and+Impact+of+Avermectin+and+Artemisinin&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=605-607&rft.date=2015-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pt.2015.10.008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26552892&rft.aulast=Molyneux&rft.aufirst=DH&rft.au=Ward%2C+SA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AHFS2016-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2016_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ivermectin.html">"Ivermectin"</a>. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160103191914/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/ivermectin.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ivermectin&rft.pub=The+American+Society+of+Health-System+Pharmacists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Fmonograph%2Fivermectin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSneader2005" class="citation book cs1">Sneader W (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jglFsz5EJR8C&pg=PA333"><i>Drug Discovery a History</i></a>. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. p. 333. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-01552-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-01552-0"><bdi>978-0-470-01552-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200615002423/https://books.google.com/books?id=jglFsz5EJR8C&pg=PA333">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Drug+Discovery+a+History&rft.place=Chichester&rft.pages=333&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-470-01552-0&rft.aulast=Sneader&rft.aufirst=W&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjglFsz5EJR8C%26pg%3DPA333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/ascariasis/health_professionals/index.html">"Ascariasis – Resources for Health Professionals"</a>. <i>U.S. <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC)</i>. August 23, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101121144213/http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/ascariasis/health_professionals/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.atitle=Ascariasis+%E2%80%93+Resources+for+Health+Professionals&rft.date=2019-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fparasites%2Fascariasis%2Fhealth_professionals%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanahiPoursalehGoldust2015" class="citation journal cs1">Panahi Y, Poursaleh Z, Goldust M (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annals-parasitology.eu/go.live.php/download_default/D660/2015-61-1_11.pdf">"The efficacy of topical and oral ivermectin in the treatment of human scabies"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Annals of Parasitology</i>. <b>61</b> (1): 11–16. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25911032">25911032</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200404213228/https://www.annals-parasitology.eu/go.live.php/download_default/D660/2015-61-1_11.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Parasitology&rft.atitle=The+efficacy+of+topical+and+oral+ivermectin+in+the+treatment+of+human+scabies&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=11-16&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25911032&rft.aulast=Panahi&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.au=Poursaleh%2C+Z&rft.au=Goldust%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.annals-parasitology.eu%2Fgo.live.php%2Fdownload_default%2FD660%2F2015-61-1_11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nobel-2015-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nobel-2015_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobel-2015_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151006112430/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2015/press.pdf">"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Nobel Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2015/press.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 6, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 7,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physiology+or+Medicine+2015&rft.pub=Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F2015%2Fpress.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO21st-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WHO21st_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Organization2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (2019). <i>World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019</i>. Geneva: World Health Organization. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10665%2F325771">10665/325771</a></span>. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Health+Organization+model+list+of+essential+medicines%3A+21st+list+2019&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10665%2F325771&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO22nd-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WHO22nd_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Organization2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (2021). <i>World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021)</i>. Geneva: World Health Organization. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10665%2F345533">10665/345533</a></span>. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Health+Organization+model+list+of+essential+medicines%3A+22nd+list+%282021%29&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10665%2F345533&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ahmed20-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ahmed20_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmedKarimRossHossain2021" class="citation journal cs1">Ahmed S, Karim MM, Ross AG, Hossain MS, Clemens JD, Sumiya MK, et al. (February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7709596">"A five-day course of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19 may reduce the duration of illness"</a>. <i>International Journal of Infectious Diseases</i>. <b>103</b>: 214–216. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijid.2020.11.191">10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.191</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7709596">7709596</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33278625">33278625</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=A+five-day+course+of+ivermectin+for+the+treatment+of+COVID-19+may+reduce+the+duration+of+illness&rft.volume=103&rft.pages=214-216&rft.date=2021-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7709596%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33278625&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ijid.2020.11.191&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Karim%2C+MM&rft.au=Ross%2C+AG&rft.au=Hossain%2C+MS&rft.au=Clemens%2C+JD&rft.au=Sumiya%2C+MK&rft.au=Phru%2C+CS&rft.au=Rahman%2C+M&rft.au=Zaman%2C+K&rft.au=Somani%2C+J&rft.au=Yasmin%2C+R&rft.au=Hasnat%2C+MA&rft.au=Kabir%2C+A&rft.au=Aziz%2C+AB&rft.au=Khan%2C+WA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7709596&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Ivermectin">"Ivermectin - Drug Usage Statistics"</a>. <i>ClinCalc</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240222173918/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Ivermectin">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ClinCalc&rft.atitle=Ivermectin+-+Drug+Usage+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclincalc.com%2FDrugStats%2FDrugs%2FIvermectin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=204154">"Ivermectin: FDA-Approved Drugs"</a>. <i>U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128201313/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=204154">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.atitle=Ivermectin%3A+FDA-Approved+Drugs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessdata.fda.gov%2Fscripts%2Fcder%2Fdaf%2Findex.cfm%3Fevent%3Doverview.process%26ApplNo%3D204154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=210720">"Ivermectin lotion: FDA-Approved Drugs"</a>. <i>U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210926032351/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=210720">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 25,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.atitle=Ivermectin+lotion%3A+FDA-Approved+Drugs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessdata.fda.gov%2Fscripts%2Fcder%2Fdaf%2Findex.cfm%3Fevent%3Doverview.process%26ApplNo%3D210720&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvershedMcGowanBall" class="citation news cs1">Evershed N, McGowan M, Ball A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/ng-interactive/2021/mar/11/anatomy-of-a-conspiracy-theory-how-misinformation-travels-on-facebook">"Anatomy of a conspiracy theory: how misinformation travels on Facebook"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318085312/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/ng-interactive/2021/mar/11/anatomy-of-a-conspiracy-theory-how-misinformation-travels-on-facebook">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Anatomy+of+a+conspiracy+theory%3A+how+misinformation+travels+on+Facebook&rft.aulast=Evershed&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=McGowan%2C+M&rft.au=Ball%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2Fng-interactive%2F2021%2Fmar%2F11%2Fanatomy-of-a-conspiracy-theory-how-misinformation-travels-on-facebook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/apr/23/instagram-posts/fact-checking-claim-about-use-ivermectin-treat-cov/">"Fact-checking claim about the use of ivermectin to treat COVID-19"</a>. <i>PolitiFact</i>. Washington, DC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318085305/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/apr/23/instagram-posts/fact-checking-claim-about-use-ivermectin-treat-cov/">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PolitiFact&rft.atitle=Fact-checking+claim+about+the+use+of+ivermectin+to+treat+COVID-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politifact.com%2Ffactchecks%2F2021%2Fapr%2F23%2Finstagram-posts%2Ffact-checking-claim-about-use-ivermectin-treat-cov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PoppReisSchießer2022-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PoppReisSchießer2022_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoppReisSchießerHausinger2022" class="citation journal cs1">Popp M, Reis S, Schießer S, Hausinger RI, Stegemann M, Metzendorf MI, et al. (June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9215332">"Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID-19"</a>. <i>The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i>. <b>2022</b> (6): CD015017. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD015017.pub3">10.1002/14651858.CD015017.pub3</a>. <a href="/wiki/EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1465-1858">1465-1858</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9215332">9215332</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35726131">35726131</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cochrane+Database+of+Systematic+Reviews&rft.atitle=Ivermectin+for+preventing+and+treating+COVID-19&rft.volume=2022&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=CD015017&rft.date=2022-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9215332%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35726131&rft.eissn=1465-1858&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.CD015017.pub3&rft.aulast=Popp&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Reis%2C+S&rft.au=Schie%C3%9Fer%2C+S&rft.au=Hausinger%2C+RI&rft.au=Stegemann%2C+M&rft.au=Metzendorf%2C+MI&rft.au=Kranke%2C+P&rft.au=Meybohm%2C+P&rft.au=Skoetz%2C+N&rft.au=Weibel%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9215332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-who-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-who_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-who_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/ema-advises-against-use-ivermectin-prevention-treatment-covid-19-outside-randomised-clinical-trials">"EMA advises against use of ivermectin for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 outside randomised clinical trials"</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_Medicines_Agency" title="European Medicines Agency">European Medicines Agency</a>. March 22, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318091016/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/ema-advises-against-use-ivermectin-prevention-treatment-covid-19-outside-randomised-clinical-trials">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EMA+advises+against+use+of+ivermectin+for+the+prevention+or+treatment+of+COVID-19+outside+randomised+clinical+trials&rft.pub=European+Medicines+Agency&rft.date=2021-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ema.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fema-advises-against-use-ivermectin-prevention-treatment-covid-19-outside-randomised-clinical-trials&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-misleading-evidence-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-misleading-evidence_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaregnaniMadridMeza2021" class="citation journal cs1">Garegnani LI, Madrid E, Meza N (April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmjebm-2021-111678">"Misleading clinical evidence and systematic reviews on ivermectin for COVID-19"</a>. <i>BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine</i>. <b>27</b> (3): 156–158. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmjebm-2021-111678">10.1136/bmjebm-2021-111678</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33888547">33888547</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ+Evidence-Based+Medicine&rft.atitle=Misleading+clinical+evidence+and+systematic+reviews+on+ivermectin+for+COVID-19&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=156-158&rft.date=2021-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmjebm-2021-111678&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33888547&rft.aulast=Garegnani&rft.aufirst=LI&rft.au=Madrid%2C+E&rft.au=Meza%2C+N&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1136%252Fbmjebm-2021-111678&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDAIvermectinCOVID2021-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FDAIvermectinCOVID2021_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/why-you-should-not-use-ivermectin-treat-or-prevent-covid-19">"Why You Should Not Use Ivermectin to Treat or Prevent COVID-19"</a>. <i>U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA)</i>. December 10, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210806053833/https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/why-you-should-not-use-ivermectin-treat-or-prevent-covid-19">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.atitle=Why+You+Should+Not+Use+Ivermectin+to+Treat+or+Prevent+COVID-19&rft.date=2021-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fconsumers%2Fconsumer-updates%2Fwhy-you-should-not-use-ivermectin-treat-or-prevent-covid-19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDCIvermectinCOVID2021-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CDCIvermectinCOVID2021_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2021/pdf/CDC_HAN_449.pdf">"Rapid Increase in Ivermectin Prescriptions and Reports of Severe Illness Associated with Use of Products Containing Ivermectin to Prevent or Treat COVID-19"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>CDC Health Alert Network</i>. CDCHAN-00449. August 26, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211103124438/https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2021/pdf/CDC_HAN_449.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 3, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CDC+Health+Alert+Network&rft.atitle=Rapid+Increase+in+Ivermectin+Prescriptions+and+Reports+of+Severe+Illness+Associated+with+Use+of+Products+Containing+Ivermectin+to+Prevent+or+Treat+COVID-19&rft.volume=CDCHAN-00449&rft.date=2021-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Femergency.cdc.gov%2Fhan%2F2021%2Fpdf%2FCDC_HAN_449.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EMAIvermectinCOVID2021-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EMAIvermectinCOVID2021_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/ema-advises-against-use-ivermectin-prevention-treatment-covid-19-outside-randomised-clinical-trials">"EMA advises against use of ivermectin for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 outside randomised clinical trials"</a>. <i>European Medicines Agency</i>. March 22, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117073906/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/ema-advises-against-use-ivermectin-prevention-treatment-covid-19-outside-randomised-clinical-trials">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Medicines+Agency&rft.atitle=EMA+advises+against+use+of+ivermectin+for+the+prevention+or+treatment+of+COVID-19+outside+randomised+clinical+trials&rft.date=2021-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ema.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fema-advises-against-use-ivermectin-prevention-treatment-covid-19-outside-randomised-clinical-trials&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/who-advises-that-ivermectin-only-be-used-to-treat-covid-19-within-clinical-trials">"WHO advises that ivermectin only be used to treat COVID-19 within clinical trials"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210805102002/https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/who-advises-that-ivermectin-only-be-used-to-treat-covid-19-within-clinical-trials">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Health+Organization+%28WHO%29&rft.atitle=WHO+advises+that+ivermectin+only+be+used+to+treat+COVID-19+within+clinical+trials&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fnews-room%2Ffeature-stories%2Fdetail%2Fwho-advises-that-ivermectin-only-be-used-to-treat-covid-19-within-clinical-trials&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crump2017-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Crump2017_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrump2017" class="citation journal cs1">Crump A (May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fja.2017.11">"Ivermectin: enigmatic multifaceted 'wonder' drug continues to surprise and exceed expectations"</a>. <i>The Journal of Antibiotics</i>. <b>70</b> (5): 495–505. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fja.2017.11">10.1038/ja.2017.11</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28196978">28196978</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24474879">24474879</a>. <q>Ivermectin was a revelation. It had a broad spectrum of activity, was highly efficacious, acting robustly at low doses against a wide variety of nematode, insect and acarine parasites. It proved to be extremely effective against most common intestinal worms (except tapeworms), could be administered orally, topically or parentally and showed no signs of cross-resistance with other commonly used anti-parasitic compounds.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Antibiotics&rft.atitle=Ivermectin%3A+enigmatic+multifaceted+%27wonder%27+drug+continues+to+surprise+and+exceed+expectations&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=495-505&rft.date=2017-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24474879%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28196978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fja.2017.11&rft.aulast=Crump&rft.aufirst=A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fja.2017.11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ashour2019-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ashour2019_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ashour2019_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshour2019" class="citation journal cs1">Ashour DS (August 2019). "Ivermectin: From theory to clinical application". <i>International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents</i>. <b>54</b> (2): 134–142. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijantimicag.2019.05.003">10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.05.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31071469">31071469</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149445017">149445017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Agents&rft.atitle=Ivermectin%3A+From+theory+to+clinical+application&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=134-142&rft.date=2019-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149445017%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31071469&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ijantimicag.2019.05.003&rft.aulast=Ashour&rft.aufirst=DS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/onchocerciasis">"Onchocerciasis"</a>. World Health Organization. June 14, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200411123533/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/onchocerciasis">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Onchocerciasis&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2019-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fnews-room%2Ffact-sheets%2Fdetail%2Fonchocerciasis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211019/https://www.who.int/intestinal_worms/epidemiology/strongyloidiasis/en/">"Strongyloidiasis"</a>. World Health Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/intestinal_worms/epidemiology/strongyloidiasis/en/">the original</a> on October 19, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strongyloidiasis&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fintestinal_worms%2Fepidemiology%2Fstrongyloidiasis%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDespommierGriffinGwadzHotez2019" class="citation book cs1">Despommier DD, Griffin DO, Gwadz RW, Hotez PJ, Knirsch CA (2019). "26. Other Nematodes of Medical Importance". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parasiteswithoutborders.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/PD7thEditionLowResVersion5-11-2019.pdf"><i>Parasitic Diseases</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (7 ed.). New York: Parasites Without Borders. p. 294. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211124214329/https://parasiteswithoutborders.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/PD7thEditionLowResVersion5-11-2019.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=26.+Other+Nematodes+of+Medical+Importance&rft.btitle=Parasitic+Diseases&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=294&rft.edition=7&rft.pub=Parasites+Without+Borders&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Despommier&rft.aufirst=DD&rft.au=Griffin%2C+DO&rft.au=Gwadz%2C+RW&rft.au=Hotez%2C+PJ&rft.au=Knirsch%2C+CA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fparasiteswithoutborders.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F02%2FPD7thEditionLowResVersion5-11-2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PD7-27-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PD7-27_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PD7-27_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDespommierGriffinGwadzHotez2019" class="citation book cs1">Despommier DD, Griffin DO, Gwadz RW, Hotez PJ, Knirsch CA (2019). "27. Aberrant Nematode Infections". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parasiteswithoutborders.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/PD7thEditionLowResVersion5-11-2019.pdf"><i>Parasitic Diseases</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (7 ed.). New York: Parasites Without Borders. p. 299. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211124214329/https://parasiteswithoutborders.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/PD7thEditionLowResVersion5-11-2019.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=27.+Aberrant+Nematode+Infections&rft.btitle=Parasitic+Diseases&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=299&rft.edition=7&rft.pub=Parasites+Without+Borders&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Despommier&rft.aufirst=DD&rft.au=Griffin%2C+DO&rft.au=Gwadz%2C+RW&rft.au=Hotez%2C+PJ&rft.au=Knirsch%2C+CA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fparasiteswithoutborders.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F02%2FPD7thEditionLowResVersion5-11-2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/ascariasis/health_professionals/index.html#tx">"Ascariasis – Resources for Health Professionals"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC). May 20, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101121144213/http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/ascariasis/health_professionals/index.html#tx">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ascariasis+%E2%80%93+Resources+for+Health+Professionals&rft.pub=U.S.+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.date=2020-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fparasites%2Fascariasis%2Fhealth_professionals%2Findex.html%23tx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211019/https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/diseases-risks/diseases/ascariasis/en/">"Water related diseases – Ascariasis"</a>. World Health Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/diseases-risks/diseases/ascariasis/en/">the original</a> on October 19, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Water+related+diseases+%E2%80%93+Ascariasis&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fwater_sanitation_health%2Fdiseases-risks%2Fdiseases%2Fascariasis%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDespommierGriffinGwadzHotez2019" class="citation book cs1">Despommier DD, Griffin DO, Gwadz RW, Hotez PJ, Knirsch CA (2019). "18. Ascaris lumbricoides". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parasiteswithoutborders.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/PD7thEditionLowResVersion5-11-2019.pdf"><i>Parasitic Diseases</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (7 ed.). New York: Parasites Without Borders. p. 211. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211124214329/https://parasiteswithoutborders.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/PD7thEditionLowResVersion5-11-2019.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=18.+Ascaris+lumbricoides&rft.btitle=Parasitic+Diseases&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=211&rft.edition=7&rft.pub=Parasites+Without+Borders&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Despommier&rft.aufirst=DD&rft.au=Griffin%2C+DO&rft.au=Gwadz%2C+RW&rft.au=Hotez%2C+PJ&rft.au=Knirsch%2C+CA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fparasiteswithoutborders.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F02%2FPD7thEditionLowResVersion5-11-2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConternoTurchiCorrêaMonteiro_de_Barros_Almeida2020" class="citation journal cs1">Conterno LO, Turchi MD, Corrêa I, Monteiro de Barros Almeida RA (April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7156140">"Anthelmintic drugs for treating ascariasis"</a>. <i>The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i>. <b>2020</b> (4): CD010599. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD010599.pub2">10.1002/14651858.CD010599.pub2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7156140">7156140</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32289194">32289194</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cochrane+Database+of+Systematic+Reviews&rft.atitle=Anthelmintic+drugs+for+treating+ascariasis&rft.volume=2020&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=CD010599&rft.date=2020-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7156140%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32289194&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.CD010599.pub2&rft.aulast=Conterno&rft.aufirst=LO&rft.au=Turchi%2C+MD&rft.au=Corr%C3%AAa%2C+I&rft.au=Monteiro+de+Barros+Almeida%2C+RA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7156140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDespommierGriffinGwadzHotez2019" class="citation book cs1">Despommier DD, Griffin DO, Gwadz RW, Hotez PJ, Knirsch CA (2019). "17. Trichuris trichiura". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parasiteswithoutborders.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/PD7thEditionLowResVersion5-11-2019.pdf"><i>Parasitic Diseases</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (7 ed.). New York: Parasites Without Borders. p. 201. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211124214329/https://parasiteswithoutborders.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/PD7thEditionLowResVersion5-11-2019.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=17.+Trichuris+trichiura&rft.btitle=Parasitic+Diseases&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=201&rft.edition=7&rft.pub=Parasites+Without+Borders&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Despommier&rft.aufirst=DD&rft.au=Griffin%2C+DO&rft.au=Gwadz%2C+RW&rft.au=Hotez%2C+PJ&rft.au=Knirsch%2C+CA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fparasiteswithoutborders.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F02%2FPD7thEditionLowResVersion5-11-2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas2020-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thomas2020_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomasCoatesEngelmanChosidow2020" class="citation journal cs1">Thomas C, Coates SJ, Engelman D, Chosidow O, Chang AY (March 2020). "Ectoparasites: Scabies". <i>Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology</i>. <b>82</b> (3): 533–548. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jaad.2019.05.109">10.1016/j.jaad.2019.05.109</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31310840">31310840</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:242599732">242599732</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Academy+of+Dermatology&rft.atitle=Ectoparasites%3A+Scabies&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=533-548&rft.date=2020-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A242599732%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31310840&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jaad.2019.05.109&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Coates%2C+SJ&rft.au=Engelman%2C+D&rft.au=Chosidow%2C+O&rft.au=Chang%2C+AY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDC-Scabies-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CDC-Scabies_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC-Scabies_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/health_professionals/meds.html">"Scabies – Medications"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC). October 2, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150430075605/http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/scabies/health_professionals/meds.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scabies+%E2%80%93+Medications&rft.pub=U.S.+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.date=2019-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fparasites%2Fscabies%2Fhealth_professionals%2Fmeds.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig2022" class="citation book cs1">Craig E (2022). <i>The Itch: Scabies</i> (1st ed.). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 146–152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-284840-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-284840-6"><bdi>978-0-19-284840-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Itch%3A+Scabies&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=146-152&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-19-284840-6&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunningKiralyPippitt2019" class="citation journal cs1">Gunning K, Kiraly B, Pippitt K (May 2019). "Lice and Scabies: Treatment Update". <i>American Family Physician</i>. <b>99</b> (10): 635–642. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31083883">31083883</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Family+Physician&rft.atitle=Lice+and+Scabies%3A+Treatment+Update&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=635-642&rft.date=2019-05&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31083883&rft.aulast=Gunning&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Kiraly%2C+B&rft.au=Pippitt%2C+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/pubic/treatment.html">"Pubic "Crab" Lice – Treatment"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC). September 12, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112013500/https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/pubic/treatment.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pubic+%22Crab%22+Lice+%E2%80%93+Treatment&rft.pub=U.S.+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rft.date=2019-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fparasites%2Flice%2Fpubic%2Ftreatment.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Zuuren2017" class="citation journal cs1">van Zuuren EJ (November 2017). "Rosacea". <i>The New England Journal of Medicine</i>. <b>377</b> (18): 1754–1764. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJMcp1506630">10.1056/NEJMcp1506630</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29091565">29091565</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Rosacea&rft.volume=377&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=1754-1764&rft.date=2017-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJMcp1506630&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29091565&rft.aulast=van+Zuuren&rft.aufirst=EJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElstonElston2014" class="citation journal cs1">Elston CA, Elston DM (2014). "Demodex mites". <i>Clinics in Dermatology</i>. <b>32</b> (6): 739–743. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.clindermatol.2014.02.012">10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.02.012</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25441466">25441466</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinics+in+Dermatology&rft.atitle=Demodex+mites&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=739-743&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.clindermatol.2014.02.012&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25441466&rft.aulast=Elston&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.au=Elston%2C+DM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inchem.org/documents/pims/pharm/ivermect.htm">"Ivermectin (PIM 292)"</a>. <i>inchem.org</i>. InChem. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220426173526/https://inchem.org/documents/pims/pharm/ivermect.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=inchem.org&rft.atitle=Ivermectin+%28PIM+292%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finchem.org%2Fdocuments%2Fpims%2Fpharm%2Fivermect.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Stromectol-ivermectin-391">"Stromectol (ivermectin) dose, indications, adverse effects, interactions"</a>. <i>www.pdr.net</i>. Prescribers' Digital Reference. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220425003811/https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Stromectol-ivermectin-391">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pdr.net&rft.atitle=Stromectol+%28ivermectin%29+dose%2C+indications%2C+adverse+effects%2C+interactions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pdr.net%2Fdrug-summary%2FStromectol-ivermectin-391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dourmishev_AL_2004-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dourmishev_AL_2004_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDourmishevDourmishevSchwartz2005" class="citation journal cs1">Dourmishev AL, Dourmishev LA, Schwartz RA (December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/33924249">"Ivermectin: pharmacology and application in dermatology"</a>. <i>International Journal of Dermatology</i>. <b>44</b> (12): 981–988. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-4632.2004.02253.x">10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02253.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16409259">16409259</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27019223">27019223</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211019/https://www.academia.edu/33924249">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Dermatology&rft.atitle=Ivermectin%3A+pharmacology+and+application+in+dermatology&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=981-988&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A27019223%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16409259&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-4632.2004.02253.x&rft.aulast=Dourmishev&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.au=Dourmishev%2C+LA&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+RA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F33924249&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinsSteerCranswickGwee2018" class="citation journal cs1">Wilkins AL, Steer AC, Cranswick N, Gwee A (May 2018). "Question 1: Is it safe to use ivermectin in children less than five years of age and weighing less than 15 kg?". <i>Archives of Disease in Childhood</i>. <b>103</b> (5): 514–519. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Farchdischild-2017-314505">10.1136/archdischild-2017-314505</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29463522">29463522</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3441595">3441595</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Disease+in+Childhood&rft.atitle=Question+1%3A+Is+it+safe+to+use+ivermectin+in+children+less+than+five+years+of+age+and+weighing+less+than+15+kg%3F&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=514-519&rft.date=2018-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A3441595%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29463522&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Farchdischild-2017-314505&rft.aulast=Wilkins&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.au=Steer%2C+AC&rft.au=Cranswick%2C+N&rft.au=Gwee%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAPIvermectinMonographs-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AAPIvermectinMonographs_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.aap.org/pediatriccare/drug-monograph/18/6030">"Ivermectin – Drug Monographs – Pediatric Care Online"</a>. <i>American Academy of Pediatrics Drug Monographs</i>. August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220610025941/https://publications.aap.org/pediatriccare/drug-monograph/18/6030?autologincheck=redirected">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Academy+of+Pediatrics+Drug+Monographs&rft.atitle=Ivermectin+%E2%80%93+Drug+Monographs+%E2%80%93+Pediatric+Care+Online&rft.date=2021-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.aap.org%2Fpediatriccare%2Fdrug-monograph%2F18%2F6030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFawcett2003" class="citation journal cs1">Fawcett RS (September 15, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/0915/p1089.html">"Ivermectin Use in Scabies"</a>. <i>American Family Physician</i>. <b>68</b> (6): 1089–1092. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-838X">0002-838X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14524395">14524395</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211227192205/https://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/0915/p1089.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Family+Physician&rft.atitle=Ivermectin+Use+in+Scabies&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1089-1092&rft.date=2003-09-15&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14524395&rft.issn=0002-838X&rft.aulast=Fawcett&rft.aufirst=RS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aafp.org%2Fafp%2F2003%2F0915%2Fp1089.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKohTianOon2019" class="citation journal cs1">Koh YP, Tian EA, Oon HH (September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6831768">"New changes in pregnancy and lactation labelling: Review of dermatologic drugs"</a>. <i>International Journal of Women's Dermatology</i>. <b>5</b> (4): 216–226. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijwd.2019.05.002">10.1016/j.ijwd.2019.05.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6831768">6831768</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31700976">31700976</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Women%27s+Dermatology&rft.atitle=New+changes+in+pregnancy+and+lactation+labelling%3A+Review+of+dermatologic+drugs&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=216-226&rft.date=2019-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6831768%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31700976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ijwd.2019.05.002&rft.aulast=Koh&rft.aufirst=YP&rft.au=Tian%2C+EA&rft.au=Oon%2C+HH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6831768&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicolasMaiaBassatKobylinski2020" class="citation journal cs1">Nicolas P, Maia MF, Bassat Q, Kobylinski KC, Monteiro W, Rabinovich NR, et al. (January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS2214-109X%2819%2930453-X">"Safety of oral ivermectin during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis"</a>. <i>The Lancet. Global Health</i>. <b>8</b> (1): e92–e100. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS2214-109X%2819%2930453-X">10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30453-X</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7613514">7613514</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31839144">31839144</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet.+Global+Health&rft.atitle=Safety+of+oral+ivermectin+during+pregnancy%3A+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=e92-e100&rft.date=2020-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7613514%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31839144&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS2214-109X%2819%2930453-X&rft.aulast=Nicolas&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Maia%2C+MF&rft.au=Bassat%2C+Q&rft.au=Kobylinski%2C+KC&rft.au=Monteiro%2C+W&rft.au=Rabinovich%2C+NR&rft.au=Men%C3%A9ndez%2C+C&rft.au=Bardaj%C3%AD%2C+A&rft.au=Chaccour%2C+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252FS2214-109X%252819%252930453-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AHFStopical-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AHFStopical_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ivermectin-topical.html">"Ivermectin (topical)"</a>. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. July 27, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318085345/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ivermectin-topical.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ivermectin+%28topical%29&rft.pub=The+American+Society+of+Health-System+Pharmacists&rft.date=2020-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Fmonograph%2Fivermectin-topical.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/ivermectin.html">"Ivermectin Levels and Effects while Breastfeeding"</a>. <i>Drugs.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101113118/http://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/ivermectin.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drugs.com&rft.atitle=Ivermectin+Levels+and+Effects+while+Breastfeeding&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Fbreastfeeding%2Fivermectin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Safety_of_high-dose_ivermectin:_a_s-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Safety_of_high-dose_ivermectin:_a_s_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Safety_of_high-dose_ivermectin:_a_s_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNavarroCamprubíRequena-MéndezBuonfrate2020" class="citation journal cs1">Navarro M, Camprubí D, Requena-Méndez A, Buonfrate D, Giorli G, Kamgno J, et al. (April 2020). "Safety of high-dose ivermectin: a systematic review and meta-analysis". <i>The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy</i>. <b>75</b> (4): 827–834. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkz524">10.1093/jac/dkz524</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31960060">31960060</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Safety+of+high-dose+ivermectin%3A+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=827-834&rft.date=2020-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkz524&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31960060&rft.aulast=Navarro&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Camprub%C3%AD%2C+D&rft.au=Requena-M%C3%A9ndez%2C+A&rft.au=Buonfrate%2C+D&rft.au=Giorli%2C+G&rft.au=Kamgno%2C+J&rft.au=Gardon%2C+J&rft.au=Boussinesq%2C+M&rft.au=Mu%C3%B1oz%2C+J&rft.au=Krolewiecki%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinRobertsonChoudhary2021" class="citation journal cs1">Martin RJ, Robertson AP, Choudhary S (January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pt.2020.10.005">"Ivermectin: An Anthelmintic, an Insecticide, and Much More"</a>. <i>Trends in Parasitology</i>. <b>37</b> (1): 48–64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pt.2020.10.005">10.1016/j.pt.2020.10.005</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7853155">7853155</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33189582">33189582</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Ivermectin%3A+An+Anthelmintic%2C+an+Insecticide%2C+and+Much+More&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=48-64&rft.date=2021-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7853155%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33189582&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pt.2020.10.005&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=RJ&rft.au=Robertson%2C+AP&rft.au=Choudhary%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.pt.2020.10.005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pion2019-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pion2019_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pion2019_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPionTchatchueng-MbouguaChesnaisKamgno2019" class="citation journal cs1">Pion SD, Tchatchueng-Mbougua JB, Chesnais CB, Kamgno J, Gardon J, Chippaux JP, et al. (April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6449757">"Effect of a Single Standard Dose (150–200 μg/kg) of Ivermectin on <i>Loa loa</i> Microfilaremia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"</a>. <i>Open Forum Infectious Diseases</i>. <b>6</b> (4): ofz019. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fofid%2Fofz019">10.1093/ofid/ofz019</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6449757">6449757</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30968052">30968052</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open+Forum+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Effect+of+a+Single+Standard+Dose+%28150%E2%80%93200+%CE%BCg%2Fkg%29+of+Ivermectin+on+Loa+loa+Microfilaremia%3A+Systematic+Review+and+Meta-analysis&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=ofz019&rft.date=2019-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6449757%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30968052&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fofid%2Fofz019&rft.aulast=Pion&rft.aufirst=SD&rft.au=Tchatchueng-Mbougua%2C+JB&rft.au=Chesnais%2C+CB&rft.au=Kamgno%2C+J&rft.au=Gardon%2C+J&rft.au=Chippaux%2C+JP&rft.au=Ranque%2C+S&rft.au=Ernould%2C+JC&rft.au=Garcia%2C+A&rft.au=Boussinesq%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6449757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinRobertsonChoudhary2021" class="citation journal cs1">Martin RJ, Robertson AP, Choudhary S (January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pt.2020.10.005">"Ivermectin: An Anthelmintic, an Insecticide, and Much More"</a>. <i>Trends in Parasitology</i>. <b>37</b> (1): 48–64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pt.2020.10.005">10.1016/j.pt.2020.10.005</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7853155">7853155</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33189582">33189582</a>. <q>Although relatively free from toxicity, ivermectin – when large overdoses are administered – may cross the blood–brain barrier, producing depressant effects on the CNS</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Ivermectin%3A+An+Anthelmintic%2C+an+Insecticide%2C+and+Much+More&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=48-64&rft.date=2021-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7853155%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33189582&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pt.2020.10.005&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=RJ&rft.au=Robertson%2C+AP&rft.au=Choudhary%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.pt.2020.10.005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fda-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fda_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampilloBoussinesqBertoutFaillie2021" class="citation journal cs1">Campillo JT, Boussinesq M, Bertout S, Faillie JL, Chesnais CB (April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8087035">"Serious adverse reactions associated with ivermectin: A systematic pharmacovigilance study in sub-Saharan Africa and in the rest of the World"</a>. <i>PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases</i>. <b>15</b> (4): e0009354. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0009354">10.1371/journal.pntd.0009354</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8087035">8087035</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33878105">33878105</a>. <q>Few hours after administration: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, salivation, tachycardia, hypotension, ataxia, pyramidal signs, binocular diplopia</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Neglected+Tropical+Diseases&rft.atitle=Serious+adverse+reactions+associated+with+ivermectin%3A+A+systematic+pharmacovigilance+study+in+sub-Saharan+Africa+and+in+the+rest+of+the+World&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=e0009354&rft.date=2021-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8087035%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33878105&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0009354&rft.aulast=Campillo&rft.aufirst=JT&rft.au=Boussinesq%2C+M&rft.au=Bertout%2C+S&rft.au=Faillie%2C+JL&rft.au=Chesnais%2C+CB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8087035&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Commissioner2021" class="citation web cs1">Office of the Commissioner (March 12, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/why-you-should-not-use-ivermectin-treat-or-prevent-covid-19">"Why You Should Not Use Ivermectin to Treat or Prevent COVID-19"</a>. <i>U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210806053833/https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/why-you-should-not-use-ivermectin-treat-or-prevent-covid-19">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2021</span>. <q>You can also overdose on ivermectin, which can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypotension (low blood pressure), allergic reactions (itching and hives), dizziness, ataxia (problems with balance), seizures, coma and even death.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft.atitle=Why+You+Should+Not+Use+Ivermectin+to+Treat+or+Prevent+COVID-19&rft.date=2021-03-12&rft.au=Office+of+the+Commissioner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fconsumers%2Fconsumer-updates%2Fwhy-you-should-not-use-ivermectin-treat-or-prevent-covid-19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl-Saber_BatihaAlqahtaniIlesanmiSaati2020" class="citation journal cs1">El-Saber Batiha G, Alqahtani A, Ilesanmi OB, Saati AA, El-Mleeh A, Hetta HF, et al. (August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fph13080196">"Avermectin Derivatives, Pharmacokinetics, Therapeutic and Toxic Dosages, Mechanism of Action, and Their Biological Effects"</a>. <i>Pharmaceuticals</i>. <b>13</b> (8): 196. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fph13080196">10.3390/ph13080196</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7464486">7464486</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32824399">32824399</a>. <q>Based on the reported neurotoxicity and metabolic pathway of IVM, caution should be taken to conduct clinical trial on its antiviral potentials. The GABA-gated chloride channels in the human nervous system might be a target for IVM, this is because the BBB in disease-patient might be a weakened as a result of inflammation and other destructive processes, allowing IVM to cross the BBB and gain access to the CNS where it can elicit its neurotoxic effect</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmaceuticals&rft.atitle=Avermectin+Derivatives%2C+Pharmacokinetics%2C+Therapeutic+and+Toxic+Dosages%2C+Mechanism+of+Action%2C+and+Their+Biological+Effects&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=196&rft.date=2020-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7464486%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32824399&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fph13080196&rft.aulast=El-Saber+Batiha&rft.aufirst=G&rft.au=Alqahtani%2C+A&rft.au=Ilesanmi%2C+OB&rft.au=Saati%2C+AA&rft.au=El-Mleeh%2C+A&rft.au=Hetta%2C+HF&rft.au=Magdy+Beshbishy%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3390%252Fph13080196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruntonLazoPaker2006" class="citation book cs1">Brunton LL, Lazo JS, Paker KL (2006). <i>Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics</i> (11th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 1084–87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-142280-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-142280-2"><bdi>978-0-07-142280-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1037399847">1037399847</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Goodman+%26+Gilman%27s+The+Pharmacological+Basis+of+Therapeutics.&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1084-87&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1037399847&rft.isbn=978-0-07-142280-2&rft.aulast=Brunton&rft.aufirst=LL&rft.au=Lazo%2C+JS&rft.au=Paker%2C+KL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548921/">"Ivermectin"</a>. <i>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury</i>. Bethesda, Maryland: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. 2012. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31644227">31644227</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318085433/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548921/">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ivermectin&rft.btitle=LiverTox%3A+Clinical+and+Research+Information+on+Drug-Induced+Liver+Injury&rft.place=Bethesda%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=National+Institute+of+Diabetes+and+Digestive+and+Kidney+Diseases&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31644227&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK548921%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Juarez_2018-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Juarez_2018_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Juarez_2018_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuarezSchcolnik-CabreraDueñas-Gonzalez2018" class="citation journal cs1">Juarez M, Schcolnik-Cabrera A, Dueñas-Gonzalez A (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5835698">"The multitargeted drug ivermectin: from an antiparasitic agent to a repositioned cancer drug"</a>. <i>American Journal of Cancer Research</i>. <b>8</b> (2): 317–331. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5835698">5835698</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29511601">29511601</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=The+multitargeted+drug+ivermectin%3A+from+an+antiparasitic+agent+to+a+repositioned+cancer+drug&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=317-331&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5835698%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29511601&rft.aulast=Juarez&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Schcolnik-Cabrera%2C+A&rft.au=Due%C3%B1as-Gonzalez%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5835698&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmithZhouLohmer2020" class="citation journal cs1">Schmith VD, Zhou JJ, Lohmer LR (October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7267287">"The Approved Dose of Ivermectin Alone is not the Ideal Dose for the Treatment of COVID-19"</a>. <i>Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics</i>. <b>108</b> (4): 762–765. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fcpt.1889">10.1002/cpt.1889</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7267287">7267287</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32378737">32378737</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Pharmacology+and+Therapeutics&rft.atitle=The+Approved+Dose+of+Ivermectin+Alone+is+not+the+Ideal+Dose+for+the+Treatment+of+COVID-19&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=762-765&rft.date=2020-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7267287%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32378737&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fcpt.1889&rft.aulast=Schmith&rft.aufirst=VD&rft.au=Zhou%2C+JJ&rft.au=Lohmer%2C+LR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7267287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cdchealthadvisory-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cdchealthadvisory_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2021/han00449.asp">"Rapid Increase in Ivermectin Prescriptions and Reports of Severe Illness Associated with Use of Products Containing Ivermectin to Prevent or Treat COVID-19"</a>. <i>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</i>. August 26, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318091159/https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2021/han00449.asp">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=Rapid+Increase+in+Ivermectin+Prescriptions+and+Reports+of+Severe+Illness+Associated+with+Use+of+Products+Containing+Ivermectin+to+Prevent+or+Treat+COVID-19&rft.date=2021-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Femergency.cdc.gov%2Fhan%2F2021%2Fhan00449.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martin2021-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Martin2021_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Martin2021_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinRobertsonChoudhary2021" class="citation journal cs1">Martin RJ, Robertson AP, Choudhary S (January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pt.2020.10.005">"Ivermectin: An Anthelmintic, an Insecticide, and Much More"</a>. <i>Trends in Parasitology</i>. <b>37</b> (1): 48–64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pt.2020.10.005">10.1016/j.pt.2020.10.005</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7853155">7853155</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33189582">33189582</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:226972704">226972704</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Ivermectin%3A+An+Anthelmintic%2C+an+Insecticide%2C+and+Much+More&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=48-64&rft.date=2021-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7853155%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A226972704%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33189582&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pt.2020.10.005&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=RJ&rft.au=Robertson%2C+AP&rft.au=Choudhary%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.pt.2020.10.005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Omura2014-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Omura2014_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Omura2014_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Omura2014_74-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOmuraCrump2014" class="citation journal cs1">Omura S, Crump A (September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pt.2014.07.005">"Ivermectin: panacea for resource-poor communities?"</a>. <i>Trends in Parasitology</i>. <b>30</b> (9): 445–455. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pt.2014.07.005">10.1016/j.pt.2014.07.005</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25130507">25130507</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Ivermectin%3A+panacea+for+resource-poor+communities%3F&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=445-455&rft.date=2014-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pt.2014.07.005&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25130507&rft.aulast=Omura&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Crump%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.pt.2014.07.005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid18446504-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid18446504_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzález_CangaSahagún_PrietoDiez_LiébanaFernández_Martínez2008" class="citation journal cs1">González Canga A, Sahagún Prieto AM, Diez Liébana MJ, Fernández Martínez N, Sierra Vega M, García Vieitez JJ (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2751445">"The pharmacokinetics and interactions of ivermectin in humans—a mini-review"</a>. <i>The AAPS Journal</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 42–46. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1208%2Fs12248-007-9000-9">10.1208/s12248-007-9000-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2751445">2751445</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18446504">18446504</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+AAPS+Journal&rft.atitle=The+pharmacokinetics+and+interactions+of+ivermectin+in+humans%E2%80%94a+mini-review&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=42-46&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2751445%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18446504&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1208%2Fs12248-007-9000-9&rft.aulast=Gonz%C3%A1lez+Canga&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Sahag%C3%BAn+Prieto%2C+AM&rft.au=Diez+Li%C3%A9bana%2C+MJ&rft.au=Fern%C3%A1ndez+Mart%C3%ADnez%2C+N&rft.au=Sierra+Vega%2C+M&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa+Vieitez%2C+JJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2751445&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorstSchinkel1996" class="citation journal cs1">Borst P, Schinkel AH (June 1996). "What have we learnt thus far from mice with disrupted P-glycoprotein genes?". <i>European Journal of Cancer</i>. <b>32A</b> (6): 985–990. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0959-8049%2896%2900063-9">10.1016/0959-8049(96)00063-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8763339">8763339</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Cancer&rft.atitle=What+have+we+learnt+thus+far+from+mice+with+disrupted+P-glycoprotein+genes%3F&rft.volume=32A&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=985-990&rft.date=1996-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0959-8049%2896%2900063-9&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8763339&rft.aulast=Borst&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Schinkel%2C+AH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeareBush1983" class="citation journal cs1">Teare JA, Bush M (December 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/4426/Teare1983.pdf">"Toxicity and efficacy of ivermectin in chelonians"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association</i>. <b>183</b> (11): 1195–1197. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6689009">6689009</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025214737/https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/4426/Teare1983.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Toxicity+and+efficacy+of+ivermectin+in+chelonians&rft.volume=183&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1195-1197&rft.date=1983-12&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6689009&rft.aulast=Teare&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.au=Bush%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.si.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10088%2F4426%2FTeare1983.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLasotaDybas1991" class="citation journal cs1">Lasota JA, Dybas RA (1991). "Avermectins, a novel class of compounds: implications for use in arthropod pest control". <i>Annual Review of Entomology</i>. <b>36</b>: 91–117. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.en.36.010191.000515">10.1146/annurev.en.36.010191.000515</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2006872">2006872</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Entomology&rft.atitle=Avermectins%2C+a+novel+class+of+compounds%3A+implications+for+use+in+arthropod+pest+control&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=91-117&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.en.36.010191.000515&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2006872&rft.aulast=Lasota&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.au=Dybas%2C+RA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanssonDybas1998" class="citation book cs1">Jansson RK, Dybas RA (1998). "Avermectins: Biochemical Mode of Action, Biological Activity and Agricultural Importance". <i>Insecticides with Novel Modes of Action</i>. Applied Agriculture. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 152–70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-662-03565-8_9">10.1007/978-3-662-03565-8_9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-08314-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-08314-3"><bdi>978-3-642-08314-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Avermectins%3A+Biochemical+Mode+of+Action%2C+Biological+Activity+and+Agricultural+Importance&rft.btitle=Insecticides+with+Novel+Modes+of+Action&rft.place=Berlin%2C+Heidelberg&rft.series=Applied+Agriculture&rft.pages=152-70&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-662-03565-8_9&rft.isbn=978-3-642-08314-3&rft.aulast=Jansson&rft.aufirst=RK&rft.au=Dybas%2C+RA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1985" class="citation journal cs1">Campbell WC (July 1985). "Ivermectin: an update". <i>Parasitology Today</i>. <b>1</b> (1): 10–16. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0169-4758%2885%2990100-0">10.1016/0169-4758(85)90100-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15275618">15275618</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Parasitology+Today&rft.atitle=Ivermectin%3A+an+update&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=10-16&rft.date=1985-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0169-4758%2885%2990100-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15275618&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=WC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ivermectin:_a_potent_new_antiparasi-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ivermectin:_a_potent_new_antiparasi_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ivermectin:_a_potent_new_antiparasi_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbellFisherStapleyAlbers-Schönberg1983" class="citation journal cs1">Campbell WC, Fisher MH, Stapley EO, Albers-Schönberg G, Jacob TA (August 1983). "Ivermectin: a potent new antiparasitic agent". <i>Science</i>. <b>221</b> (4613): 823–828. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983Sci...221..823C">1983Sci...221..823C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.6308762">10.1126/science.6308762</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6308762">6308762</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Ivermectin%3A+a+potent+new+antiparasitic+agent&rft.volume=221&rft.issue=4613&rft.pages=823-828&rft.date=1983-08&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6308762&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.6308762&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1983Sci...221..823C&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=WC&rft.au=Fisher%2C+MH&rft.au=Stapley%2C+EO&rft.au=Albers-Sch%C3%B6nberg%2C+G&rft.au=Jacob%2C+TA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2005" class="citation journal cs1">Campbell WC (January 1, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Filar.46.4.352">"Serendipity and new drugs for infectious disease"</a>. <i>ILAR Journal</i>. <b>46</b> (4): 352–356. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Filar.46.4.352">10.1093/ilar.46.4.352</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16179743">16179743</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ILAR+Journal&rft.atitle=Serendipity+and+new+drugs+for+infectious+disease&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=352-356&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Filar.46.4.352&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16179743&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=WC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Filar.46.4.352&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOmuraCrump2004" class="citation journal cs1">Omura S, Crump A (December 2004). "The life and times of ivermectin – a success story". <i>Nature Reviews. Microbiology</i>. <b>2</b> (12): 984–989. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrmicro1048">10.1038/nrmicro1048</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15550944">15550944</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22722403">22722403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews.+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+life+and+times+of+ivermectin+%E2%80%93+a+success+story&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=984-989&rft.date=2004-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A22722403%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15550944&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnrmicro1048&rft.aulast=Omura&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Crump%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrumpMorelOmura2012" class="citation journal cs1">Crump A, Morel CM, Omura S (July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pt.2012.04.005">"The onchocerciasis chronicle: from the beginning to the end?"</a>. <i>Trends in Parasitology</i>. <b>28</b> (7): 280–288. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pt.2012.04.005">10.1016/j.pt.2012.04.005</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22633470">22633470</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Parasitology&rft.atitle=The+onchocerciasis+chronicle%3A+from+the+beginning+to+the+end%3F&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=280-288&rft.date=2012-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pt.2012.04.005&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22633470&rft.aulast=Crump&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Morel%2C+CM&rft.au=Omura%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.pt.2012.04.005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeary2005" class="citation journal cs1">Geary TG (November 2005). "Ivermectin 20 years on: maturation of a wonder drug". <i>Trends in Parasitology</i>. <b>21</b> (11): 530–532. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pt.2005.08.014">10.1016/j.pt.2005.08.014</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16126457">16126457</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Ivermectin+20+years+on%3A+maturation+of+a+wonder+drug&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=530-532&rft.date=2005-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pt.2005.08.014&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16126457&rft.aulast=Geary&rft.aufirst=TG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2015/summary/">"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015"</a>. <i>NobelPrize.org</i>. March 18, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200523072744/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2015/summary/">Archived</a> from the original on May 23, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physiology+or+Medicine+2015&rft.date=2023-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fmedicine%2F2015%2Fsummary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_Caly2020-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_Caly2020_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalyDruceCattonJans2020" class="citation journal cs1">Caly L, Druce JD, Catton MG, Jans DA, Wagstaff KM (June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7129059">"The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro"</a>. <i>Antiviral Research</i>. <b>178</b>: 104787. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.antiviral.2020.104787">10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104787</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7129059">7129059</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32251768">32251768</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiviral+Research&rft.atitle=The+FDA-approved+drug+ivermectin+inhibits+the+replication+of+SARS-CoV-2+in+vitro&rft.volume=178&rft.pages=104787&rft.date=2020-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7129059%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32251768&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.antiviral.2020.104787&rft.aulast=Caly&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Druce%2C+JD&rft.au=Catton%2C+MG&rft.au=Jans%2C+DA&rft.au=Wagstaff%2C+KM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7129059&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_shortage-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_shortage_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoo2021" class="citation news cs1">Woo E (September 28, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/28/technology/ivermectin-animal-medicine-shortage.html">"How Covid Misinformation Created a Run on Animal Medicine"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220107062134/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/28/technology/ivermectin-animal-medicine-shortage.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+Covid+Misinformation+Created+a+Run+on+Animal+Medicine&rft.date=2021-09-28&rft.aulast=Woo&rft.aufirst=E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F09%2F28%2Ftechnology%2Fivermectin-animal-medicine-shortage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_langford-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_langford_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangford2023" class="citation web cs1">Langford C (September 1, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courthousenews.com/fifth-circuit-sides-with-ivermectin-prescribing-doctors-in-their-quarrel-with-the-fda/">"Fifth Circuit sides with ivermectin-prescribing doctors in their quarrel with the FDA"</a>. Courthouse News Service.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fifth+Circuit+sides+with+ivermectin-prescribing+doctors+in+their+quarrel+with+the+FDA&rft.pub=Courthouse+News+Service&rft.date=2023-09-01&rft.aulast=Langford&rft.aufirst=C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courthousenews.com%2Ffifth-circuit-sides-with-ivermectin-prescribing-doctors-in-their-quarrel-with-the-fda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_coch2022-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_coch2022_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoppReisSchießerHausinger2022" class="citation journal cs1">Popp M, Reis S, Schießer S, Hausinger RI, Stegemann M, Metzendorf MI, et al. (June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9215332">"Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID-19"</a>. <i>Cochrane Database Syst Rev</i> (Systematic review). <b>2022</b> (6): CD015017. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD015017.pub3">10.1002/14651858.CD015017.pub3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9215332">9215332</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35726131">35726131</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cochrane+Database+Syst+Rev&rft.atitle=Ivermectin+for+preventing+and+treating+COVID-19&rft.volume=2022&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=CD015017&rft.date=2022-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9215332%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35726131&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.CD015017.pub3&rft.aulast=Popp&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Reis%2C+S&rft.au=Schie%C3%9Fer%2C+S&rft.au=Hausinger%2C+RI&rft.au=Stegemann%2C+M&rft.au=Metzendorf%2C+MI&rft.au=Kranke%2C+P&rft.au=Meybohm%2C+P&rft.au=Skoetz%2C+N&rft.au=Weibel%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9215332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReisSilvaSilvaThabane2022" class="citation journal cs1">Reis G, Silva EA, Silva DC, Thabane L, Milagres AC, Ferreira TS, et al. (May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9006771">"Effect of Early Treatment with Ivermectin among Patients with Covid-19"</a>. <i>N Engl J Med</i> (Randomized controlled trial). <b>386</b> (18): 1721–1731. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJMoa2115869">10.1056/NEJMoa2115869</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9006771">9006771</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35353979">35353979</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=N+Engl+J+Med&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Early+Treatment+with+Ivermectin+among+Patients+with+Covid-19&rft.volume=386&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=1721-1731&rft.date=2022-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9006771%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35353979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJMoa2115869&rft.aulast=Reis&rft.aufirst=G&rft.au=Silva%2C+EA&rft.au=Silva%2C+DC&rft.au=Thabane%2C+L&rft.au=Milagres%2C+AC&rft.au=Ferreira%2C+TS&rft.au=Dos+Santos%2C+CV&rft.au=Campos%2C+VH&rft.au=Nogueira%2C+AM&rft.au=de+Almeida%2C+AP&rft.au=Callegari%2C+ED&rft.au=Neto%2C+AD&rft.au=Savassi%2C+LC&rft.au=Simplicio%2C+MI&rft.au=Ribeiro%2C+LB&rft.au=Oliveira%2C+R&rft.au=Harari%2C+O&rft.au=Forrest%2C+JI&rft.au=Ruton%2C+H&rft.au=Sprague%2C+S&rft.au=McKay%2C+P&rft.au=Guo%2C+CM&rft.au=Rowland-Yeo%2C+K&rft.au=Guyatt%2C+GH&rft.au=Boulware%2C+DR&rft.au=Rayner%2C+CR&rft.au=Mills%2C+EJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9006771&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrenceMeyerowitz-KatzHeathersBrown2021" class="citation journal cs1">Lawrence JM, Meyerowitz-Katz G, Heathers JA, Brown NJ, Sheldrick KA (November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41591-021-01535-y">"The lesson of ivermectin: meta-analyses based on summary data alone are inherently unreliable"</a>. <i>Nature Medicine</i>. <b>27</b> (11): 1853–1854. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41591-021-01535-y">10.1038/s41591-021-01535-y</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34552263">34552263</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:237607620">237607620</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+lesson+of+ivermectin%3A+meta-analyses+based+on+summary+data+alone+are+inherently+unreliable&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1853-1854&rft.date=2021-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A237607620%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34552263&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41591-021-01535-y&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=JM&rft.au=Meyerowitz-Katz%2C+G&rft.au=Heathers%2C+JA&rft.au=Brown%2C+NJ&rft.au=Sheldrick%2C+KA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fs41591-021-01535-y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchraerGoodman2021" class="citation web cs1">Schraer R, Goodman J (October 6, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/health-58170809">"Ivermectin: How false science created a Covid 'miracle' drug"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220108205355/https://www.bbc.com/news/health-58170809">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ivermectin%3A+How+false+science+created+a+Covid+%27miracle%27+drug&rft.date=2021-10-06&rft.aulast=Schraer&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft.au=Goodman%2C+Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fhealth-58170809&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_Guardian2021-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_Guardian2021_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelissa_Davey2021" class="citation news cs1">Melissa Davey (July 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/jul/16/huge-study-supporting-ivermectin-as-covid-treatment-withdrawn-over-ethical-concerns">"Huge study supporting ivermectin as Covid treatment withdrawn over ethical concerns"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220116230348/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/jul/16/huge-study-supporting-ivermectin-as-covid-treatment-withdrawn-over-ethical-concerns">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Huge+study+supporting+ivermectin+as+Covid+treatment+withdrawn+over+ethical+concerns&rft.date=2021-07-15&rft.au=Melissa+Davey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2021%2Fjul%2F16%2Fhuge-study-supporting-ivermectin-as-covid-treatment-withdrawn-over-ethical-concerns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crump2011-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crump2011_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crump2011_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrumpŌmura2011" class="citation journal cs1">Crump A, Ōmura S (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3043740">"Ivermectin, 'wonder drug' from Japan: the human use perspective"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences</i>. <b>87</b> (2): 13–28. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PJAB...87...13C">2011PJAB...87...13C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2183%2Fpjab.87.13">10.2183/pjab.87.13</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3043740">3043740</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21321478">21321478</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Japan+Academy.+Series+B%2C+Physical+and+Biological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Ivermectin%2C+%27wonder+drug%27+from+Japan%3A+the+human+use+perspective&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=13-28&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3043740%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21321478&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2183%2Fpjab.87.13&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011PJAB...87...13C&rft.aulast=Crump&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=%C5%8Cmura%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3043740&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOmaswaCrisp2014" class="citation book cs1">Omaswa F, Crisp N (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e0nYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT158"><i>African Health Leaders: Making Change and Claiming the Future</i></a>. OUP Oxford. p. PT158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0191008412" title="Special:BookSources/978-0191008412"><bdi>978-0191008412</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803122732/https://books.google.com/books?id=e0nYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT158">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+Health+Leaders%3A+Making+Change+and+Claiming+the+Future&rft.pages=PT158&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0191008412&rft.aulast=Omaswa&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Crisp%2C+N&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De0nYBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArévaloPagottoPórfidoDaghero2021" class="citation journal cs1">Arévalo AP, Pagotto R, Pórfido JL, Daghero H, Segovia M, Yamasaki K, et al. (March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8010049">"Ivermectin reduces in vivo coronavirus infection in a mouse experimental model"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>11</b> (1): 7132. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021NatSR..11.7132A">2021NatSR..11.7132A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-021-86679-0">10.1038/s41598-021-86679-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8010049">8010049</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33785846">33785846</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Ivermectin+reduces+in+vivo+coronavirus+infection+in+a+mouse+experimental+model&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=7132&rft.date=2021-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8010049%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33785846&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-021-86679-0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021NatSR..11.7132A&rft.aulast=Ar%C3%A9valo&rft.aufirst=AP&rft.au=Pagotto%2C+R&rft.au=P%C3%B3rfido%2C+JL&rft.au=Daghero%2C+H&rft.au=Segovia%2C+M&rft.au=Yamasaki%2C+K&rft.au=Varela%2C+B&rft.au=Hill%2C+M&rft.au=Verdes%2C+JM&rft.au=Duhalde+Vega%2C+M&rft.au=Bollati-Fogol%C3%ADn%2C+M&rft.au=Crispo%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8010049&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nelson2019-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nelson2019_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKliegmanSt_Geme2019" class="citation book cs1">Kliegman RM, St Geme J (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LJuRDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3867"><i>Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics E-Book</i></a>. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 3575. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0323568883" title="Special:BookSources/978-0323568883"><bdi>978-0323568883</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803115812/https://books.google.com/books?id=LJuRDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3867">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nelson+Textbook+of+Pediatrics+E-Book&rft.pages=3575&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0323568883&rft.aulast=Kliegman&rft.aufirst=RM&rft.au=St+Geme%2C+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLJuRDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA3867&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChiuArgaez2019" class="citation book cs1">Chiu S, Argaez C (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545083/"><i>Ivermectin for Parasitic Skin Infections of Scabies: A Review of Comparative Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines</i></a>. CADTH Rapid Response Reports. Ottawa (ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31424718">31424718</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318091248/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545083/">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ivermectin+for+Parasitic+Skin+Infections+of+Scabies%3A+A+Review+of+Comparative+Clinical+Effectiveness%2C+Cost-Effectiveness%2C+and+Guidelines&rft.place=Ottawa+%28ON%29&rft.series=CADTH+Rapid+Response+Reports&rft.pub=Canadian+Agency+for+Drugs+and+Technologies+in+Health&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31424718&rft.aulast=Chiu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Argaez%2C+C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK545083%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoungArgáez2019" class="citation book cs1">Young C, Argáez C (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545892/"><i>Ivermectin for Parasitic Skin Infections of Lice: A Review of Comparative Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines</i></a>. CADTH Rapid Response Reports. Ottawa (ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31487135">31487135</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211019/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545892/">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ivermectin+for+Parasitic+Skin+Infections+of+Lice%3A+A+Review+of+Comparative+Clinical+Effectiveness%2C+Cost-Effectiveness%2C+and+Guidelines&rft.place=Ottawa+%28ON%29&rft.series=CADTH+Rapid+Response+Reports&rft.pub=Canadian+Agency+for+Drugs+and+Technologies+in+Health&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31487135&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Arg%C3%A1ez%2C+C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK545892%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sklice_FDA_label-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sklice_FDA_label_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=c74905e6-fc04-4244-880b-98ab0551df21">"Sklice – ivermectin lotion"</a>. <i>DailyMed</i>. November 9, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031131544/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=c74905e6-fc04-4244-880b-98ab0551df21">Archived</a> from the original on October 31, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DailyMed&rft.atitle=Sklice+%E2%80%93+ivermectin+lotion&rft.date=2017-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailymed.nlm.nih.gov%2Fdailymed%2FdrugInfo.cfm%3Fsetid%3Dc74905e6-fc04-4244-880b-98ab0551df21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdhikari2014" class="citation web cs1">Adhikari S (May 27, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304223410/http://alivepharmaceutical.blogspot.com/2014/05/iver-dt.html">"Alive Pharmaceutical (P) LTD.: Iver-DT"</a>. <i>Alive Pharmaceutical (P) LTD</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alivepharmaceutical.blogspot.com/2014/05/iver-dt.html">the original</a> on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 7,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alive+Pharmaceutical+%28P%29+LTD.&rft.atitle=Alive+Pharmaceutical+%28P%29+LTD.%3A+Iver-DT&rft.date=2014-05-27&rft.aulast=Adhikari&rft.aufirst=S&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falivepharmaceutical.blogspot.com%2F2014%2F05%2Fiver-dt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPampiglioneMajoriPetrangeliRomi1985" class="citation journal cs1">Pampiglione S, Majori G, Petrangeli G, Romi R (1985). "Avermectins, MK-933 and MK-936, for mosquito control". <i>Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene</i>. <b>79</b> (6): 797–799. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0035-9203%2885%2990121-X">10.1016/0035-9203(85)90121-X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3832491">3832491</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Avermectins%2C+MK-933+and+MK-936%2C+for+mosquito+control&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=797-799&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0035-9203%2885%2990121-X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3832491&rft.aulast=Pampiglione&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Majori%2C+G&rft.au=Petrangeli%2C+G&rft.au=Romi%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Udenski2012-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Udenski2012_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUdensi2012" class="citation journal cs1">Udensi K (September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4103%2F0972-9062.213454">"Effect of ivermectin on Trypanosoma brucei brucei in experimentally infected mice"</a>. <i>Journal of Vector Borne Diseases</i>. <b>49</b> (3): 143–150. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4103%2F0972-9062.213454">10.4103/0972-9062.213454</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23135008">23135008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vector+Borne+Diseases&rft.atitle=Effect+of+ivermectin+on+Trypanosoma+brucei+brucei+in+experimentally+infected+mice&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=143-150&rft.date=2012-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4103%2F0972-9062.213454&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23135008&rft.aulast=Udensi&rft.aufirst=K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4103%252F0972-9062.213454&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKentWatralGaulkeSharpton2019" class="citation journal cs1">Kent ML, Watral V, Gaulke CA, Sharpton TJ (October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6744302">"Further evaluation of the efficacy of emamectin benzoate for treating Pseudocapillaria tomentosa (Dujardin 1843) in zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822)"</a>. <i>Journal of Fish Diseases</i>. <b>42</b> (10): 1351–1357. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019JFDis..42.1351K">2019JFDis..42.1351K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjfd.13057">10.1111/jfd.13057</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6744302">6744302</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31309582">31309582</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fish+Diseases&rft.atitle=Further+evaluation+of+the+efficacy+of+emamectin+benzoate+for+treating+Pseudocapillaria+tomentosa+%28Dujardin+1843%29+in+zebrafish+Danio+rerio+%28Hamilton+1822%29&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1351-1357&rft.date=2019-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6744302%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31309582&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjfd.13057&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019JFDis..42.1351K&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=ML&rft.au=Watral%2C+V&rft.au=Gaulke%2C+CA&rft.au=Sharpton%2C+TJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6744302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaccourHammannRabinovich2017" class="citation journal cs1">Chaccour C, Hammann F, Rabinovich NR (April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5402169">"Ivermectin to reduce malaria transmission I. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations regarding efficacy and safety"</a>. <i>Malaria Journal</i>. <b>16</b> (1): 161. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12936-017-1801-4">10.1186/s12936-017-1801-4</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5402169">5402169</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28434401">28434401</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Malaria+Journal&rft.atitle=Ivermectin+to+reduce+malaria+transmission+I.+Pharmacokinetic+and+pharmacodynamic+considerations+regarding+efficacy+and+safety&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=161&rft.date=2017-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5402169%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28434401&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs12936-017-1801-4&rft.aulast=Chaccour&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Hammann%2C+F&rft.au=Rabinovich%2C+NR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5402169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiewe_FodjoKuglerHotterbeekxHendy2019" class="citation journal cs1">Siewe Fodjo JN, Kugler M, Hotterbeekx A, Hendy A, Van Geertruyden JP, Colebunders R (August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6706915">"Would ivermectin for malaria control be beneficial in onchocerciasis-endemic regions?"</a>. <i>Infectious Diseases of Poverty</i>. <b>8</b> (1): 77. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40249-019-0588-7">10.1186/s40249-019-0588-7</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6706915">6706915</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31439040">31439040</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infectious+Diseases+of+Poverty&rft.atitle=Would+ivermectin+for+malaria+control+be+beneficial+in+onchocerciasis-endemic+regions%3F&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=77&rft.date=2019-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6706915%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31439040&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs40249-019-0588-7&rft.aulast=Siewe+Fodjo&rft.aufirst=JN&rft.au=Kugler%2C+M&rft.au=Hotterbeekx%2C+A&rft.au=Hendy%2C+A&rft.au=Van+Geertruyden%2C+JP&rft.au=Colebunders%2C+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6706915&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFontinhaMoulesPrudêncio2020" class="citation journal cs1">Fontinha D, Moules I, Prudêncio M (July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fmolecules25153409">"Repurposing Drugs to Fight Hepatic Malaria Parasites"</a>. <i>Molecules</i>. <b>25</b> (15): 3409. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fmolecules25153409">10.3390/molecules25153409</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7435416">7435416</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32731386">32731386</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecules&rft.atitle=Repurposing+Drugs+to+Fight+Hepatic+Malaria+Parasites&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=3409&rft.date=2020-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7435416%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32731386&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fmolecules25153409&rft.aulast=Fontinha&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Moules%2C+I&rft.au=Prud%C3%AAncio%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3390%252Fmolecules25153409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_SouzaThomasBradleyLeyrat2021" class="citation journal cs1">de Souza DK, Thomas R, Bradley J, Leyrat C, Boakye DA, Okebe J, et al. (Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group) (June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8240090">"Ivermectin treatment in humans for reducing malaria transmission"</a>. <i>The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i>. <b>2021</b> (6): CD013117. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD013117.pub2">10.1002/14651858.CD013117.pub2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8240090">8240090</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34184757">34184757</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cochrane+Database+of+Systematic+Reviews&rft.atitle=Ivermectin+treatment+in+humans+for+reducing+malaria+transmission&rft.volume=2021&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=CD013117&rft.date=2021-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8240090%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34184757&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.CD013117.pub2&rft.aulast=de+Souza&rft.aufirst=DK&rft.au=Thomas%2C+R&rft.au=Bradley%2C+J&rft.au=Leyrat%2C+C&rft.au=Boakye%2C+DA&rft.au=Okebe%2C+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8240090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTizifaKabagheMcCannvan_den_Berg2018" class="citation journal cs1">Tizifa TA, Kabaghe AN, McCann RS, van den Berg H, Van Vugt M, Phiri KS (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5879044">"Prevention Efforts for Malaria"</a>. <i>Current Tropical Medicine Reports</i>. <b>5</b> (1): 41–50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs40475-018-0133-y">10.1007/s40475-018-0133-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5879044">5879044</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29629252">29629252</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Tropical+Medicine+Reports&rft.atitle=Prevention+Efforts+for+Malaria&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=41-50&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5879044%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29629252&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs40475-018-0133-y&rft.aulast=Tizifa&rft.aufirst=TA&rft.au=Kabaghe%2C+AN&rft.au=McCann%2C+RS&rft.au=van+den+Berg%2C+H&rft.au=Van+Vugt%2C+M&rft.au=Phiri%2C+KS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5879044&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiltonHamleyWalkerBasáñez2020" class="citation journal cs1">Milton P, Hamley JI, Walker M, Basáñez MG (November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14787210.2020.1792772">"Moxidectin: an oral treatment for human onchocerciasis"</a>. <i>Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy</i>. <b>18</b> (11): 1067–1081. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14787210.2020.1792772">10.1080/14787210.2020.1792772</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10044%2F1%2F81294">10044/1/81294</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32715787">32715787</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expert+Review+of+Anti-Infective+Therapy&rft.atitle=Moxidectin%3A+an+oral+treatment+for+human+onchocerciasis&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1067-1081&rft.date=2020-11&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10044%2F1%2F81294&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32715787&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14787210.2020.1792772&rft.aulast=Milton&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Hamley%2C+JI&rft.au=Walker%2C+M&rft.au=Bas%C3%A1%C3%B1ez%2C+MG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F14787210.2020.1792772&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaheu-GirouxJoseph2018" class="citation journal cs1">Maheu-Giroux M, Joseph SA (August 2018). "Moxidectin for deworming: from trials to implementation". <i>The Lancet. Infectious Diseases</i>. <b>18</b> (8): 817–819. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1473-3099%2818%2930270-6">10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30270-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29858152">29858152</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:46921091">46921091</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet.+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Moxidectin+for+deworming%3A+from+trials+to+implementation&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=817-819&rft.date=2018-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A46921091%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29858152&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS1473-3099%2818%2930270-6&rft.aulast=Maheu-Giroux&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Joseph%2C+SA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoussinesq2018" class="citation journal cs1">Boussinesq M (October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2818%2930101-6">"A new powerful drug to combat river blindness"</a>. <i>Lancet</i>. <b>392</b> (10154): 1170–1172. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2818%2930101-6">10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30101-6</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29361336">29361336</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=A+new+powerful+drug+to+combat+river+blindness&rft.volume=392&rft.issue=10154&rft.pages=1170-1172&rft.date=2018-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2818%2930101-6&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29361336&rft.aulast=Boussinesq&rft.aufirst=M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252FS0140-6736%252818%252930101-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrump2017" class="citation journal cs1">Crump A (May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fja.2017.11">"Ivermectin: enigmatic multifaceted 'wonder' drug continues to surprise and exceed expectations"</a>. <i>The Journal of Antibiotics</i>. <b>70</b> (5): 495–505. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fja.2017.11">10.1038/ja.2017.11</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28196978">28196978</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Antibiotics&rft.atitle=Ivermectin%3A+enigmatic+multifaceted+%27wonder%27+drug+continues+to+surprise+and+exceed+expectations&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=495-505&rft.date=2017-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fja.2017.11&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28196978&rft.aulast=Crump&rft.aufirst=A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fja.2017.11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŌmura2016" class="citation journal cs1">Ōmura S (August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2015/omura/lecture/">"A Splendid Gift from the Earth: The Origins and Impact of the Avermectins (Nobel Lecture)"</a>. <i>Angewandte Chemie</i>. <b>55</b> (35): 10190–10209. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fanie.201602164">10.1002/anie.201602164</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27435664">27435664</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211019/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2015/omura/lecture/">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Angewandte+Chemie&rft.atitle=A+Splendid+Gift+from+the+Earth%3A+The+Origins+and+Impact+of+the+Avermectins+%28Nobel+Lecture%29&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=35&rft.pages=10190-10209&rft.date=2016-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fanie.201602164&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27435664&rft.aulast=%C5%8Cmura&rft.aufirst=S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fmedicine%2F2015%2Fomura%2Flecture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamesElstonBergerNeuhaus2015" class="citation book cs1">James WD, Elston D, Berger T, Neuhaus I (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Np6cCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA439"><i>Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology</i></a>. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 439. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0323319690" title="Special:BookSources/978-0323319690"><bdi>978-0323319690</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200626152437/https://books.google.com/books?id=Np6cCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA439">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2020</span>. <q>Ivermectin treatment is emerging as a potential ancillary measure.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Andrews%27+Diseases+of+the+Skin%3A+Clinical+Dermatology&rft.pages=439&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0323319690&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=WD&rft.au=Elston%2C+D&rft.au=Berger%2C+T&rft.au=Neuhaus%2C+I&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNp6cCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLebwohlHeymannBerth-JonesCoulson2017" class="citation book cs1">Lebwohl MG, Heymann WR, Berth-Jones J, Coulson I (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KuM2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA89"><i>Treatment of Skin Disease: Comprehensive Therapeutic Strategies</i></a>. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0702069130" title="Special:BookSources/978-0702069130"><bdi>978-0702069130</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200626152436/https://books.google.com/books?id=KuM2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA89">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Treatment+of+Skin+Disease%3A+Comprehensive+Therapeutic+Strategies&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0702069130&rft.aulast=Lebwohl&rft.aufirst=MG&rft.au=Heymann%2C+WR&rft.au=Berth-Jones%2C+J&rft.au=Coulson%2C+I&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKuM2DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid25388537-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid25388537_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarottiMarinozziCustodiCerra2014" class="citation journal cs1">Carotti A, Marinozzi M, Custodi C, Cerra B, Pellicciari R, Gioiello A, et al. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268231666">"Beyond bile acids: targeting Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) with natural and synthetic ligands"</a>. <i>Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry</i>. <b>14</b> (19): 2129–2142. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2174%2F1568026614666141112094058">10.2174/1568026614666141112094058</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25388537">25388537</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211019/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268231666">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Topics+in+Medicinal+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Beyond+bile+acids%3A+targeting+Farnesoid+X+Receptor+%28FXR%29+with+natural+and+synthetic+ligands&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=2129-2142&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2174%2F1568026614666141112094058&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25388537&rft.aulast=Carotti&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Marinozzi%2C+M&rft.au=Custodi%2C+C&rft.au=Cerra%2C+B&rft.au=Pellicciari%2C+R&rft.au=Gioiello%2C+A&rft.au=Macchiarulo%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F268231666&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJinFengRongPan2013" class="citation journal cs1">Jin L, Feng X, Rong H, Pan Z, Inaba Y, Qiu L, et al. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fncomms2924">"The antiparasitic drug ivermectin is a novel FXR ligand that regulates metabolism"</a>. <i>Nature Communications</i>. <b>4</b>: 1937. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013NatCo...4.1937J">2013NatCo...4.1937J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fncomms2924">10.1038/ncomms2924</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23728580">23728580</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.atitle=The+antiparasitic+drug+ivermectin+is+a+novel+FXR+ligand+that+regulates+metabolism&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=1937&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23728580&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fncomms2924&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013NatCo...4.1937J&rft.aulast=Jin&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Feng%2C+X&rft.au=Rong%2C+H&rft.au=Pan%2C+Z&rft.au=Inaba%2C+Y&rft.au=Qiu%2C+L&rft.au=Zheng%2C+W&rft.au=Lin%2C+S&rft.au=Wang%2C+R&rft.au=Wang%2C+Z&rft.au=Wang%2C+S&rft.au=Liu%2C+H&rft.au=Li%2C+S&rft.au=Xie%2C+W&rft.au=Li%2C+Y&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fncomms2924&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimKimKimFang2016" class="citation journal cs1">Kim SG, Kim BK, Kim K, Fang S (December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5195824">"Bile Acid Nuclear Receptor Farnesoid X Receptor: Therapeutic Target for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease"</a>. <i>Endocrinology and Metabolism</i>. <b>31</b> (4): 500–504. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3803%2FEnM.2016.31.4.500">10.3803/EnM.2016.31.4.500</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5195824">5195824</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28029021">28029021</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endocrinology+and+Metabolism&rft.atitle=Bile+Acid+Nuclear+Receptor+Farnesoid+X+Receptor%3A+Therapeutic+Target+for+Nonalcoholic+Fatty+Liver+Disease&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=500-504&rft.date=2016-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5195824%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28029021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3803%2FEnM.2016.31.4.500&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=SG&rft.au=Kim%2C+BK&rft.au=Kim%2C+K&rft.au=Fang%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5195824&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cochrane2022-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cochrane2022_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoppReisSchießerHausinger2022" class="citation journal cs1">Popp M, Reis S, Schießer S, Hausinger RI, Stegemann M, Metzendorf MI, et al. (June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9215332">"Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID-19"</a>. <i>The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i>. <b>2022</b> (6): CD015017. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD015017.pub3">10.1002/14651858.CD015017.pub3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9215332">9215332</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35726131">35726131</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cochrane+Database+of+Systematic+Reviews&rft.atitle=Ivermectin+for+preventing+and+treating+COVID-19&rft.volume=2022&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=CD015017&rft.date=2022-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9215332%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35726131&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.CD015017.pub3&rft.aulast=Popp&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Reis%2C+S&rft.au=Schie%C3%9Fer%2C+S&rft.au=Hausinger%2C+RI&rft.au=Stegemann%2C+M&rft.au=Metzendorf%2C+MI&rft.au=Kranke%2C+P&rft.au=Meybohm%2C+P&rft.au=Skoetz%2C+N&rft.au=Weibel%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9215332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReisSilvaSilvaThabane2022" class="citation journal cs1">Reis G, Silva EA, Silva DC, Thabane L, Milagres AC, Ferreira TS, et al. (May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9006771">"Effect of Early Treatment with Ivermectin among Patients with Covid-19"</a>. <i>The New England Journal of Medicine</i>. <b>386</b> (18): 1721–1731. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJMoa2115869">10.1056/NEJMoa2115869</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9006771">9006771</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35353979">35353979</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Early+Treatment+with+Ivermectin+among+Patients+with+Covid-19&rft.volume=386&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=1721-1731&rft.date=2022-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9006771%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35353979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJMoa2115869&rft.aulast=Reis&rft.aufirst=G&rft.au=Silva%2C+EA&rft.au=Silva%2C+DC&rft.au=Thabane%2C+L&rft.au=Milagres%2C+AC&rft.au=Ferreira%2C+TS&rft.au=Dos+Santos%2C+CV&rft.au=Campos%2C+VH&rft.au=Nogueira%2C+AM&rft.au=de+Almeida%2C+AP&rft.au=Callegari%2C+ED&rft.au=Neto%2C+AD&rft.au=Savassi%2C+LC&rft.au=Simplicio%2C+MI&rft.au=Ribeiro%2C+LB&rft.au=Oliveira%2C+R&rft.au=Harari%2C+O&rft.au=Forrest%2C+JI&rft.au=Ruton%2C+H&rft.au=Sprague%2C+S&rft.au=McKay%2C+P&rft.au=Guo%2C+CM&rft.au=Rowland-Yeo%2C+K&rft.au=Guyatt%2C+GH&rft.au=Boulware%2C+DR&rft.au=Rayner%2C+CR&rft.au=Mills%2C+EJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9006771&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplanVidyashankar2012" class="citation journal cs1">Kaplan RM, Vidyashankar AN (May 2012). "An inconvenient truth: global worming and anthelmintic resistance". <i><a href="/wiki/Veterinary_Parasitology_(journal)" title="Veterinary Parasitology (journal)">Veterinary Parasitology</a></i>. <b>186</b> (1–2): 70–78. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.vetpar.2011.11.048">10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.048</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22154968">22154968</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Parasitology&rft.atitle=An+inconvenient+truth%3A+global+worming+and+anthelmintic+resistance&rft.volume=186&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=70-78&rft.date=2012-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.vetpar.2011.11.048&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22154968&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=RM&rft.au=Vidyashankar%2C+AN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeurdenChartierFankedi_Regalbono2015" class="citation journal cs1">Geurden T, Chartier C, Fanke J, di Regalbono AF, Traversa D, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, et al. (December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijpddr.2015.08.001">"Anthelmintic resistance to ivermectin and moxidectin in gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle in Europe"</a>. <i>International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance</i>. <b>5</b> (3): 163–171. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijpddr.2015.08.001">10.1016/j.ijpddr.2015.08.001</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4572401">4572401</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26448902">26448902</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+for+Parasitology%3A+Drugs+and+Drug+Resistance&rft.atitle=Anthelmintic+resistance+to+ivermectin+and+moxidectin+in+gastrointestinal+nematodes+of+cattle+in+Europe&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=163-171&rft.date=2015-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4572401%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26448902&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ijpddr.2015.08.001&rft.aulast=Geurden&rft.aufirst=T&rft.au=Chartier%2C+C&rft.au=Fanke%2C+J&rft.au=di+Regalbono%2C+AF&rft.au=Traversa%2C+D&rft.au=von+Samson-Himmelstjerna%2C+G&rft.au=Demeler%2C+J&rft.au=Vanimisetti%2C+HB&rft.au=Bartram%2C+DJ&rft.au=Denwood%2C+MJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.ijpddr.2015.08.001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeña-EspinozaThamsborgDenwoodDrag2016" class="citation journal cs1">Peña-Espinoza M, Thamsborg SM, Denwood MJ, Drag M, Hansen TV, Jensen VF, et al. (December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijpddr.2016.10.004">"Efficacy of ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle in Denmark evaluated by different methods for analysis of faecal egg count reduction"</a>. <i>International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance</i>. <b>6</b> (3): 241–250. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijpddr.2016.10.004">10.1016/j.ijpddr.2016.10.004</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5107639">5107639</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27835769">27835769</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+for+Parasitology%3A+Drugs+and+Drug+Resistance&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+ivermectin+against+gastrointestinal+nematodes+of+cattle+in+Denmark+evaluated+by+different+methods+for+analysis+of+faecal+egg+count+reduction&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=241-250&rft.date=2016-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5107639%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27835769&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ijpddr.2016.10.004&rft.aulast=Pe%C3%B1a-Espinoza&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Thamsborg%2C+SM&rft.au=Denwood%2C+MJ&rft.au=Drag%2C+M&rft.au=Hansen%2C+TV&rft.au=Jensen%2C+VF&rft.au=Enemark%2C+HL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.ijpddr.2016.10.004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerdúCortezOrtizLumaret2020" class="citation journal cs1">Verdú JR, Cortez V, Ortiz AJ, Lumaret JP, Lobo JM, Sánchez-Piñero F (June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7270108">"Biomagnification and body distribution of ivermectin in dung beetles"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 9073. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020NatSR..10.9073V">2020NatSR..10.9073V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-020-66063-0">10.1038/s41598-020-66063-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10481%2F63204">10481/63204</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7270108">7270108</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32493927">32493927</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Biomagnification+and+body+distribution+of+ivermectin+in+dung+beetles&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=9073&rft.date=2020-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7270108%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020NatSR..10.9073V&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32493927&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-020-66063-0&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10481%2F63204&rft.aulast=Verd%C3%BA&rft.aufirst=JR&rft.au=Cortez%2C+V&rft.au=Ortiz%2C+AJ&rft.au=Lumaret%2C+JP&rft.au=Lobo%2C+JM&rft.au=S%C3%A1nchez-Pi%C3%B1ero%2C+F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7270108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapich2016" class="citation book cs1">Papich MG (January 1, 2016). "Ivermectin". In Papich MG (ed.). <i>Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs</i> (Fourth ed.). W.B. Saunders. pp. 420–23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-323-24485-5.00323-5">10.1016/B978-0-323-24485-5.00323-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-323-24485-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-323-24485-5"><bdi>978-0-323-24485-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ivermectin&rft.btitle=Saunders+Handbook+of+Veterinary+Drugs&rft.pages=420-23&rft.edition=Fourth&rft.pub=W.B.+Saunders&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-323-24485-5.00323-5&rft.isbn=978-0-323-24485-5&rft.aulast=Papich&rft.aufirst=MG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowling2006" class="citation journal cs1">Dowling P (December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1636591">"Pharmacogenetics: it's not just about ivermectin in collies"</a>. <i>The Canadian Veterinary Journal</i>. <b>47</b> (12): 1165–1168. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1636591">1636591</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17217086">17217086</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canadian+Veterinary+Journal&rft.atitle=Pharmacogenetics%3A+it%27s+not+just+about+ivermectin+in+collies&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1165-1168&rft.date=2006-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1636591%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17217086&rft.aulast=Dowling&rft.aufirst=P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1636591&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ashgi.org/articles/mdr1.htm">"MDR1 FAQs"</a>. Australian Shepherd Health & Genetics Institute, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071213125320/http://www.ashgi.org/articles/mdr1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 13, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MDR1+FAQs&rft.pub=Australian+Shepherd+Health+%26+Genetics+Institute%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ashgi.org%2Farticles%2Fmdr1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vcpl.vetmed.wsu.edu/vcpl-home">"Multidrug Sensitivity in Dogs"</a>. Washington State University's College of Veterinary Medicine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150623212433/http://vcpl.vetmed.wsu.edu/vcpl-home">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Multidrug+Sensitivity+in+Dogs&rft.pub=Washington+State+University%27s+College+of+Veterinary+Medicine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvcpl.vetmed.wsu.edu%2Fvcpl-home&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=9e5580d1-d8ea-4e8d-9156-1741b13ba8c9">"Comfortis- spinosad tablet, chewable"</a>. <i>DailyMed</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815053323/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=9e5580d1-d8ea-4e8d-9156-1741b13ba8c9">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DailyMed&rft.atitle=Comfortis-+spinosad+tablet%2C+chewable&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailymed.nlm.nih.gov%2Fdailymed%2FdrugInfo.cfm%3Fsetid%3D9e5580d1-d8ea-4e8d-9156-1741b13ba8c9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090829064135/https://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/NewsEvents/CVMUpdates/ucm047942.htm">"Comfortis and ivermectin interaction Safety Warning Notification"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/animalveterinary/newsevents/cvmupdates/ucm047942.htm">the original</a> on August 29, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comfortis+and+ivermectin+interaction+Safety+Warning+Notification&rft.pub=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+%28FDA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fanimalveterinary%2Fnewsevents%2Fcvmupdates%2Fucm047942.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bi-vetmedica.com/species/pet/products/acarexx.html">"Acarexx"</a>. Boehringer Ingelheim. April 11, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211019/https://www.bi-vetmedica.com/species/pet/products/acarexx.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Acarexx&rft.pub=Boehringer+Ingelheim&rft.date=2016-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bi-vetmedica.com%2Fspecies%2Fpet%2Fproducts%2Facarexx.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrischkeHunt1991" class="citation journal cs1">Frischke H, Hunt L (April 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1481314">"Alberta. Suspected ivermectin toxicity in kittens"</a>. <i>The Canadian Veterinary Journal</i>. <b>32</b> (4): 245. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1481314">1481314</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17423775">17423775</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canadian+Veterinary+Journal&rft.atitle=Alberta.+Suspected+ivermectin+toxicity+in+kittens&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=245&rft.date=1991-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1481314%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17423775&rft.aulast=Frischke&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=Hunt%2C+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1481314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlingenberg2007" class="citation book cs1">Klingenberg R (2007). <i>Understanding reptile parasites: from the experts at Advanced Vivarium Systems</i>. Irvine, Calif: Advanced Vivarium Systems. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1882770908" title="Special:BookSources/978-1882770908"><bdi>978-1882770908</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+reptile+parasites%3A+from+the+experts+at+Advanced+Vivarium+Systems&rft.place=Irvine%2C+Calif&rft.pub=Advanced+Vivarium+Systems&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1882770908&rft.aulast=Klingenberg&rft.aufirst=R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ivermectin" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ivermectin">Ivermectin</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a613011.html">"Ivermectin Topical"</a>. <i>MedlinePlus</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MedlinePlus&rft.atitle=Ivermectin+Topical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedlineplus.gov%2Fdruginfo%2Fmeds%2Fa613011.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIvermectin" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Other_dermatological_preparations_(D11)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Other_dermatological_preparations" title="Template:Other dermatological preparations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Other_dermatological_preparations" title="Template talk:Other dermatological preparations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Other_dermatological_preparations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Other dermatological preparations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Other_dermatological_preparations_(D11)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Dermatological" class="mw-redirect" title="Dermatological">dermatological</a> preparations (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_D11" title="ATC code D11">D11</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anti-seborrheic" title="Anti-seborrheic">Anti-seborrheics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiandrogen" title="Antiandrogen">Antiandrogens</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicalutamide" title="Bicalutamide">Bicalutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproterone_acetate" title="Cyproterone acetate">Cyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutamide" title="Flutamide">Flutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antifungal" title="Antifungal">Antifungals</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bifonazole" title="Bifonazole">Bifonazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cetrimonium_bromide" title="Cetrimonium bromide">Cetrimonium bromide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cetrimide" title="Cetrimide">cetrimide</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclopirox_olamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciclopirox olamine">Ciclopirox olamine (ciclopirox)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbazole" title="Climbazole">Climbazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotrimazole" title="Clotrimazole">Clotrimazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoconazole" title="Ketoconazole">Ketoconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miconazole" title="Miconazole">Miconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piroctone_olamine" title="Piroctone olamine">Piroctone olamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenium_disulfide" title="Selenium disulfide">Selenium disulfide (selenium sulfide)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenysalate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xenysalate (page does not exist)">Xenysalate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc_pyrithione" title="Zinc pyrithione">Zinc pyrithione (pyrithione zinc)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antihistamine" title="Antihistamine">Antihistamines</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Calcineurin_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcineurin inhibitor">Calcineurin inhibitors</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyclosporin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclosporin">Cyclosporin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimecrolimus" title="Pimecrolimus">Pimecrolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacrolimus" title="Tacrolimus">Tacrolimus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotretinoin" title="Isotretinoin">Isotretinoin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keratolytic" title="Keratolytic">Keratolytics</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_tar" title="Coal tar">Coal tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resorcinol" title="Resorcinol">Resorcinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicylic_acid" title="Salicylic acid">Salicylic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urea" title="Urea">Urea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urea-containing_cream" title="Urea-containing cream">urea-containing cream</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lithium_(medication)" title="Lithium (medication)">Lithium salts</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithium_gluconate" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium gluconate">Lithium gluconate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium_succinate" title="Lithium succinate">Lithium succinate</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Topical_steroid" title="Topical steroid">Topical corticosteroids</a></i> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Hydrocortisone" title="Hydrocortisone">hydrocortisone</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Skin_whitening" title="Skin whitening">Skin lightening</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydroquinone" title="Hydroquinone">Hydroquinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mequinol" title="Mequinol">Mequinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monobenzone" title="Monobenzone">Monobenzone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sun_tanning" title="Sun tanning">Skin darkening</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afamelanotide" title="Afamelanotide">Afamelanotide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanotan_II" title="Melanotan II">Melanotan II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anti-inflammatories" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-inflammatories">Anti-inflammatories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alitretinoin" title="Alitretinoin">Alitretinoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-Linolenic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Linolenic acid">Gamolenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxaceprol" title="Oxaceprol">Oxaceprol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimecrolimus" title="Pimecrolimus">Pimecrolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacrolimus" title="Tacrolimus">Tacrolimus</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Topical_steroid" title="Topical steroid">Topical corticosteroids</a></i> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Hydrocortisone" title="Hydrocortisone">hydrocortisone</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Management_of_hair_loss" title="Management of hair loss">Alopecia treatments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Reductase_inhibitor" title="5α-Reductase inhibitor">5α-Reductase inhibitors</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfatradiol" title="Alfatradiol">Alfatradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutasteride" title="Dutasteride">Dutasteride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finasteride" title="Finasteride">Finasteride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saw_palmetto_extract" title="Saw palmetto extract">Saw palmetto extract</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiandrogen" title="Antiandrogen">Antiandrogens</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicalutamide" title="Bicalutamide">Bicalutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproterone_acetate" title="Cyproterone acetate">Cyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutamide" title="Flutamide">Flutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topilutamide" title="Topilutamide">Topilutamide (fluridil)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Potassium_channel_opener" title="Potassium channel opener">Potassium channel openers</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minoxidil" title="Minoxidil">Minoxidil</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Others</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepidermin" title="Nepidermin">Nepidermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritlecitinib" title="Ritlecitinib">Ritlecitinib</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hair_growth_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair growth inhibitor">Hair growth inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Reductase_inhibitor" title="5α-Reductase inhibitor">5α-Reductase inhibitors</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutasteride" title="Dutasteride">Dutasteride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finasteride" title="Finasteride">Finasteride</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiandrogen" title="Antiandrogen">Antiandrogens</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicalutamide" title="Bicalutamide">Bicalutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproterone_acetate" title="Cyproterone acetate">Cyproterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutamide" title="Flutamide">Flutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eflornithine" title="Eflornithine">Eflornithine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrocitinib" title="Abrocitinib">Abrocitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminobenzoate" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminobenzoate">Aminobenzoate potassium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androgen" title="Androgen">Androgens</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Testosterone_(medication)" title="Testosterone (medication)">testosterone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzoylperoxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Benzoylperoxide">Benzoylperoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brimonidine" title="Brimonidine">Brimonidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">Caffeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_gluconate" title="Calcium gluconate">Calcium gluconate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collagen" title="Collagen">Collagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisaborole" title="Crisaborole">Crisaborole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromoglicic_acid" title="Cromoglicic acid">Cromoglicic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delgocitinib" title="Delgocitinib">Delgocitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deoxycholic_acid" title="Deoxycholic acid">Deoxycholic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diclofenac" title="Diclofenac">Diclofenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dupilumab" title="Dupilumab">Dupilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">Estrogens</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Estradiol" title="Estradiol">estradiol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycopyrronium_bromide" title="Glycopyrronium bromide">Glycopyrronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycopyrronium_tosylate" title="Glycopyrronium tosylate">Glycopyrronium tosylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyaluronic_acid" title="Hyaluronic acid">Hyaluronic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">Hydrogen peroxide</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ivermectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebrikizumab" title="Lebrikizumab">Lebrikizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokivetmab" title="Lokivetmab">Lokivetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_sulfate" title="Magnesium sulfate">Magnesium sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metandienone" title="Metandienone">Metandienone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemolizumab" title="Nemolizumab">Nemolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oclacitinib" title="Oclacitinib">Oclacitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxymetazoline" title="Oxymetazoline">Oxymetazoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Povidone-iodine" title="Povidone-iodine">Povidone-iodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_acetate" title="Pregnenolone acetate">Pregnenolone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progestogen" title="Progestogen">Progestogens</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Progesterone_(medication)" title="Progesterone (medication)">progesterone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruxolitinib" title="Ruxolitinib">Ruxolitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiratricol" title="Tiratricol">Tiratricol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tralokinumab" title="Tralokinumab">Tralokinumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Antiparasitics_–_Anthelmintics_(P02)_and_endectocides_(QP54)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anthelmintics" title="Template:Anthelmintics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anthelmintics" title="Template talk:Anthelmintics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anthelmintics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anthelmintics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Antiparasitics_–_Anthelmintics_(P02)_and_endectocides_(QP54)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antiparasitic" title="Antiparasitic">Antiparasitics</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anthelmintic" title="Anthelmintic">Anthelmintics</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_P02" title="ATC code P02">P02</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Endectocides" class="mw-redirect" title="Endectocides">endectocides</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATCvet_code_QP54" title="ATCvet code QP54">QP54</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antiplatyhelmintic_agent" title="Antiplatyhelmintic agent">Antiplatyhelmintic agents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trematoda" title="Trematoda">Antitrematodals</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Schistosomicide" class="mw-redirect" title="Schistosomicide">schistosomicides</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Binds <a href="/wiki/Tubulin" title="Tubulin">tubulin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Benzimidazole" title="Benzimidazole">benzimidazole</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triclabendazole" title="Triclabendazole">Triclabendazole</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acetylcholinesterase_inhibitor" title="Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor">AChE inhibitor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Phosphonic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphonic acid">phosphonic acid</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metrifonate" title="Metrifonate">Metrifonate</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other/unknown</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Quinoline" title="Quinoline">quinoline</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arpraziquantel" title="Arpraziquantel">Arpraziquantel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praziquantel" title="Praziquantel">Praziquantel</a><sup>#</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Esafoxolaner/eprinomectin/praziquantel" title="Esafoxolaner/eprinomectin/praziquantel">+esafoxolaner/eprinomectin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxamniquine" title="Oxamniquine">Oxamniquine</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phenol" title="Phenol">phenol</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bithionol" title="Bithionol">Bithionol</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thiazole" title="Thiazole">thiazole</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niridazole" title="Niridazole">Niridazole</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thioxanthone" title="Thioxanthone">thioxanthone</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hycanthone" title="Hycanthone">Hycanthone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucanthone" title="Lucanthone">Lucanthone</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">antimony</a> compounds</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stibophen" title="Stibophen">Stibophen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartar_emetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartar emetic">Tartar emetic</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anticestodal_agent" title="Anticestodal agent">Anticestodals</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Taeniacide" title="Taeniacide">taeniacides</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Binds <a href="/wiki/Tubulin" title="Tubulin">tubulin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Benzimidazole" title="Benzimidazole">benzimidazole</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albendazole" title="Albendazole">Albendazole</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other/unknown</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Quinoline" title="Quinoline">quinoline</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Praziquantel" title="Praziquantel">Praziquantel</a><sup>#</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Esafoxolaner/eprinomectin/praziquantel" title="Esafoxolaner/eprinomectin/praziquantel">+esafoxolaner/eprinomectin</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salicylanilide" title="Salicylanilide">salicylanilide</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niclosamide" title="Niclosamide">Niclosamide</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/9-Aminoacridine" title="9-Aminoacridine">aminoacridine</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quinacrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Quinacrine">Quinacrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Butyrophenone" title="Butyrophenone">butyrophenone</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desaspidin" title="Desaspidin">Desaspidin</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chlorophenol" title="Chlorophenol">chlorophenol</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dichlorophen" title="Dichlorophen">Dichlorophen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antinematodal_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Antinematodal agent">Antinematodal agents</a><br />(including<br /><a href="/wiki/Macrofilaricide" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrofilaricide">macrofilaricides</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Binds <a href="/wiki/Tubulin" title="Tubulin">tubulin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Benzimidazole" title="Benzimidazole">benzimidazole</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mebendazole" title="Mebendazole">Mebendazole</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albendazole" title="Albendazole">Albendazole</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiabendazole" title="Tiabendazole">Tiabendazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenbendazole" title="Fenbendazole">Fenbendazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclobendazole" title="Ciclobendazole">Ciclobendazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flubendazole" title="Flubendazole">Flubendazole</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glutamate-gated_chloride_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Glutamate-gated chloride channel">Glutamate-gated chloride channel</a>, <a href="/wiki/GABA_receptor" title="GABA receptor">GABA receptor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Avermectin" title="Avermectin">avermectins</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abamectin" title="Abamectin">Abamectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doramectin" title="Doramectin">Doramectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emamectin" title="Emamectin">Emamectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eprinomectin" title="Eprinomectin">Eprinomectin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Esafoxolaner/eprinomectin/praziquantel" title="Esafoxolaner/eprinomectin/praziquantel">+esafoxolaner/praziquantel</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ivermectin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selamectin" title="Selamectin">Selamectin</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Milbemycin" title="Milbemycin">milbemycins</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moxidectin" title="Moxidectin">Moxidectin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fluralaner/moxidectin" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluralaner/moxidectin">+fluralaner</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milbemycin_oxime" title="Milbemycin oxime">Milbemycin oxime</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neuromuscular_depolarizing_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuromuscular depolarizing agent">NMDA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydropyrimidine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrahydropyrimidine">tetrahydropyrimidine</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyrantel" title="Pyrantel">Pyrantel</a><sup>#</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyrantel_pamoate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrantel pamoate">pyrantel pamoate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxantel" title="Oxantel">Oxantel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morantel" title="Morantel">Morantel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbantel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbantel (page does not exist)">Carbantel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Febantel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Febantel (page does not exist)">Febantel</a> (aka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Felsantel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felsantel (page does not exist)">felsantel</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other/unknown</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>piperazine</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piperazine" title="Piperazine">Piperazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diethylcarbamazine" title="Diethylcarbamazine">Diethylcarbamazine</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thiazole" title="Thiazole">thiazole</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levamisole" title="Levamisole">Levamisole</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quinolinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Quinolinium">quinolinium</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyrvinium" title="Pyrvinium">Pyrvinium</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Benzylammonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Benzylammonium">benzylammonium</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bephenium_hydroxynaphthoate" title="Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate">Bephenium</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naphthalenesulfonate" title="Naphthalenesulfonate">naphthalenesulfonate</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suramin" title="Suramin">Suramin</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascaridole" title="Ascaridole">Ascaridole</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexylresorcinol" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexylresorcinol">Hexylresorcinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santonin" title="Santonin">Santonin</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribendimidine" title="Tribendimidine">Tribendimidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrachloroethylene" title="Tetrachloroethylene">Tetrachloroethylene</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ectoparasiticides_/_arthropod_(P03A)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anti-arthropod_medications" title="Template:Anti-arthropod medications"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anti-arthropod_medications" title="Template talk:Anti-arthropod medications"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anti-arthropod_medications" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anti-arthropod medications"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ectoparasiticides_/_arthropod_(P03A)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ectoparasiticide" title="Ectoparasiticide">Ectoparasiticides</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">arthropod</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_P03#P03A" title="ATC code P03">P03A</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Insecticide" title="Insecticide">Insecticide</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pediculicide" class="mw-redirect" title="Pediculicide">pediculicide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Chlorine</a>-containing products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lindane" title="Lindane">Lindane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chloride_channel" title="Chloride channel">Chloride channel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ivermectin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organophosphate" title="Organophosphate">Organophosphate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malathion" title="Malathion">Malathion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acaricide" title="Acaricide">Acaricide</a>/<a href="/wiki/Miticide" class="mw-redirect" title="Miticide">miticide</a>/<a href="/wiki/Scabicide" class="mw-redirect" title="Scabicide">scabicide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pyrethrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrethrine">Pyrethrines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permethrin" title="Permethrin">Permethrin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrethrum" title="Pyrethrum">Pyrethrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenothrin" title="Phenothrin">Phenothrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioallethrin" title="Bioallethrin">Bioallethrin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chloride_channel" title="Chloride channel">Chloride channel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ivermectin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a>-containing products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disulfiram" title="Disulfiram">Disulfiram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixanthogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixanthogen">Dixanthogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesulfen" title="Mesulfen">Mesulfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiram" title="Thiram">Thiram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Chlorine</a>-containing products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lindane" title="Lindane">Lindane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Benzoic_acid" title="Benzoic acid">Benzoate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzyl_benzoate" title="Benzyl benzoate">Benzyl benzoate</a><sup>#</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organophosphate" title="Organophosphate">Organophosphate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malathion" title="Malathion">Malathion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other/ungrouped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polydimethylsiloxane" title="Polydimethylsiloxane">Dimethicone</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quassia" title="Quassia">Quassia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toluidine" title="Toluidine">toluidine</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Crotamiton" title="Crotamiton">Crotamiton</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pharmacodynamics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;background:#ccccff"><div id="Pharmacodynamics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacodynamics" title="Pharmacodynamics">Pharmacodynamics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="FXRTooltip_Farnesoid_X_receptor_and_LXRTooltip_liver_X_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FXR_and_LXR_modulators" title="Template:FXR and LXR modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FXR_and_LXR_modulators" title="Template talk:FXR and LXR modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FXR_and_LXR_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FXR and LXR modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="FXRTooltip_Farnesoid_X_receptor_and_LXRTooltip_liver_X_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Farnesoid_X_receptor" title="Farnesoid X receptor"><abbr title="Farnesoid X receptor">FXR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Farnesoid X receptor</span> and <a href="/wiki/Liver_X_receptor" title="Liver X receptor"><abbr title="liver X receptor">LXR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip liver X receptor</span> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Farnesoid_X_receptor" title="Farnesoid X receptor"><abbr title="Farnesoid X receptor">FXR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Farnesoid X receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Bile_acid" title="Bile acid">Bile acids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cafestol" title="Cafestol">Cafestol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenodeoxycholic_acid" title="Chenodeoxycholic acid">Chenodeoxycholic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilofexor" title="Cilofexor">Cilofexor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fexaramine" title="Fexaramine">Fexaramine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GW-4064&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GW-4064 (page does not exist)">GW-4064</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ivermectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidufexor" title="Nidufexor">Nidufexor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obeticholic_acid" title="Obeticholic acid">Obeticholic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropifexor" title="Tropifexor">Tropifexor</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Guggulsterone" title="Guggulsterone">Guggulsterone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Liver_X_receptor" title="Liver X receptor"><abbr title="Liver X receptor">LXR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Liver X receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/22R-Hydroxycholesterol" title="22R-Hydroxycholesterol">22R-Hydroxycholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24S-Hydroxycholesterol" title="24S-Hydroxycholesterol">24S-Hydroxycholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27-Hydroxycholesterol" title="27-Hydroxycholesterol">27-Hydroxycholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abequolixron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abequolixron (page does not exist)">Abequolixron</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholestenoic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cholestenoic acid (page does not exist)">Cholestenoic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N,N-Dimethyl-3%CE%B2-hydroxycholenamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N,N-Dimethyl-3β-hydroxycholenamide (page does not exist)">DMHCA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GW-3965&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GW-3965 (page does not exist)">GW-3965</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypocholamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hypocholamide (page does not exist)">Hypocholamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T-0901317&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T-0901317 (page does not exist)">T-0901317</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Efavirenz" title="Efavirenz">Efavirenz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Larsucosterol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Larsucosterol (page does not exist)">Larsucosterol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></i></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="GABAA_receptor_positive_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:GABAA_receptor_positive_modulators" title="Template:GABAA receptor positive modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:GABAA_receptor_positive_modulators" title="Template talk:GABAA receptor positive modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:GABAA_receptor_positive_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:GABAA receptor positive modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="GABAA_receptor_positive_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/GABAA_receptor_positive_allosteric_modulator" title="GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator"><abbr title="γ-Aminobutyric acid">GABA</abbr><sub>A</sub> receptor positive modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(chemistry)" title="Alcohol (chemistry)">Alcohols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brometone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brometone (page does not exist)">Brometone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Butanol" title="1-Butanol">Butanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloralodol" title="Chloralodol">Chloralodol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorobutanol" title="Chlorobutanol">Chlorobutanol (cloretone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Ethanol (alcohol)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic drink">alcoholic drink</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethchlorvynol" title="Ethchlorvynol">Ethchlorvynol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isobutanol" title="Isobutanol">Isobutanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isopropanol" class="mw-redirect" title="Isopropanol">Isopropanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menthol" title="Menthol">Menthol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">Methanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylpentynol" title="Methylpentynol">Methylpentynol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Pentanol" title="1-Pentanol">Pentanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrichloral" title="Petrichloral">Petrichloral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Propanol" title="1-Propanol">Propanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tert-Butanol" class="mw-redirect" title="Tert-Butanol"><i>tert</i>-Butanol (2M2P)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tert-Pentanol" class="mw-redirect" title="Tert-Pentanol"><i>tert</i>-Pentanol (2M2B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribromoethanol" title="Tribromoethanol">Tribromoethanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichloroethanol" class="mw-redirect" title="Trichloroethanol">Trichloroethanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triclofos" title="Triclofos">Triclofos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trifluoroethanol" class="mw-redirect" title="Trifluoroethanol">Trifluoroethanol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Barbiturate" title="Barbiturate">Barbiturates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/(-)-5-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-5-ethylbarbituric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="(-)-5-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-5-ethylbarbituric acid">(-)-DMBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allobarbital" title="Allobarbital">Allobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphenal" title="Alphenal">Alphenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amobarbital" title="Amobarbital">Amobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aprobarbital" title="Aprobarbital">Aprobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbexaclone" title="Barbexaclone">Barbexaclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbital" title="Barbital">Barbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzobarbital" title="Benzobarbital">Benzobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzylbutylbarbiturate" title="Benzylbutylbarbiturate">Benzylbutylbarbiturate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brallobarbital" title="Brallobarbital">Brallobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brophebarbital" title="Brophebarbital">Brophebarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butabarbital" title="Butabarbital">Butabarbital/Secbutabarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butalbital" title="Butalbital">Butalbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buthalital" title="Buthalital">Buthalital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butobarbital" title="Butobarbital">Butobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butallylonal" title="Butallylonal">Butallylonal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbubarb" title="Carbubarb">Carbubarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotylbarbital" title="Crotylbarbital">Crotylbarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclobarbital" title="Cyclobarbital">Cyclobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopentobarbital" title="Cyclopentobarbital">Cyclopentobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difebarbamate" title="Difebarbamate">Difebarbamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enallylpropymal" title="Enallylpropymal">Enallylpropymal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethallobarbital" title="Ethallobarbital">Ethallobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eterobarb" title="Eterobarb">Eterobarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Febarbamate" title="Febarbamate">Febarbamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heptabarb" title="Heptabarb">Heptabarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heptobarbital" title="Heptobarbital">Heptobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexethal" title="Hexethal">Hexethal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexobarbital" title="Hexobarbital">Hexobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metharbital" title="Metharbital">Metharbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methitural" title="Methitural">Methitural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methohexital" title="Methohexital">Methohexital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylphenobarbital" title="Methylphenobarbital">Methylphenobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcobarbital" title="Narcobarbital">Narcobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nealbarbital" title="Nealbarbital">Nealbarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentobarbital" title="Pentobarbital">Pentobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenallymal" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenallymal">Phenallymal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenobarbital" title="Phenobarbital">Phenobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phetharbital" title="Phetharbital">Phetharbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primidone" title="Primidone">Primidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probarbital" title="Probarbital">Probarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propallylonal" title="Propallylonal">Propallylonal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylbarbital" title="Propylbarbital">Propylbarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxibarbital" title="Proxibarbital">Proxibarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reposal" title="Reposal">Reposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secobarbital" title="Secobarbital">Secobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmodal" title="Sigmodal">Sigmodal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirobarbital" title="Spirobarbital">Spirobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbutal" title="Talbutal">Talbutal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrabamate" title="Tetrabamate">Tetrabamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrabarbital" title="Tetrabarbital">Tetrabarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thialbarbital" title="Thialbarbital">Thialbarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiamylal" title="Thiamylal">Thiamylal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiobarbital" title="Thiobarbital">Thiobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiobutabarbital" title="Thiobutabarbital">Thiobutabarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_thiopental" title="Sodium thiopental">Thiopental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiotetrabarbital" title="Thiotetrabarbital">Thiotetrabarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valofane" title="Valofane">Valofane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinbarbital" title="Vinbarbital">Vinbarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinylbital" title="Vinylbital">Vinylbital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">Benzodiazepines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-Oxoquazepam" title="2-Oxoquazepam">2-Oxoquazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Hydroxyphenazepam" title="3-Hydroxyphenazepam">3-Hydroxyphenazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adinazolam" title="Adinazolam">Adinazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alprazolam" title="Alprazolam">Alprazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arfendazam" title="Arfendazam">Arfendazam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avizafone" title="Avizafone">Avizafone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentazepam" title="Bentazepam">Bentazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretazenil" title="Bretazenil">Bretazenil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromazepam" title="Bromazepam">Bromazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromazolam" title="Bromazolam">Bromazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotizolam" title="Brotizolam">Brotizolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camazepam" title="Camazepam">Camazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carburazepam" title="Carburazepam">Carburazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlordiazepoxide" title="Chlordiazepoxide">Chlordiazepoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclotizolam" title="Ciclotizolam">Ciclotizolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinazepam" title="Cinazepam">Cinazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinolazepam" title="Cinolazepam">Cinolazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clazolam" title="Clazolam">Clazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climazolam" title="Climazolam">Climazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobazam" title="Clobazam">Clobazam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonazepam" title="Clonazepam">Clonazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonazolam" title="Clonazolam">Clonazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloniprazepam" title="Cloniprazepam">Cloniprazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clorazepate" title="Clorazepate">Clorazepate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotiazepam" title="Clotiazepam">Clotiazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloxazolam" title="Cloxazolam">Cloxazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP-1414S" title="CP-1414S">CP-1414S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprazepam" title="Cyprazepam">Cyprazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delorazepam" title="Delorazepam">Delorazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demoxepam" title="Demoxepam">Demoxepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diazepam" title="Diazepam">Diazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diclazepam" title="Diclazepam">Diclazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimdazenil" title="Dimdazenil">Dimdazenil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxefazepam" title="Doxefazepam">Doxefazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfazepam" title="Elfazepam">Elfazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estazolam" title="Estazolam">Estazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethyl_carfluzepate" title="Ethyl carfluzepate">Ethyl carfluzepate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethyl_dirazepate" title="Ethyl dirazepate">Ethyl dirazepate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethyl_loflazepate" title="Ethyl loflazepate">Ethyl loflazepate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etizolam" title="Etizolam">Etizolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FG-8205" title="FG-8205">FG-8205</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletazepam" title="Fletazepam">Fletazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flubromazepam" title="Flubromazepam">Flubromazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flubromazolam" title="Flubromazolam">Flubromazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fludiazepam" title="Fludiazepam">Fludiazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flunitrazepam" title="Flunitrazepam">Flunitrazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flunitrazolam" title="Flunitrazolam">Flunitrazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flurazepam" title="Flurazepam">Flurazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutazolam" title="Flutazolam">Flutazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutemazepam" title="Flutemazepam">Flutemazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flutoprazepam" title="Flutoprazepam">Flutoprazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosazepam" title="Fosazepam">Fosazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gidazepam" title="Gidazepam">Gidazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halazepam" title="Halazepam">Halazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloxazolam" title="Haloxazolam">Haloxazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iclazepam" title="Iclazepam">Iclazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imidazenil" title="Imidazenil">Imidazenil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irazepine" title="Irazepine">Irazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketazolam" title="Ketazolam">Ketazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofendazam" title="Lofendazam">Lofendazam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lopirazepam" title="Lopirazepam">Lopirazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loprazolam" title="Loprazolam">Loprazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorazepam" title="Lorazepam">Lorazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lormetazepam" title="Lormetazepam">Lormetazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclonazepam" title="Meclonazepam">Meclonazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medazepam" title="Medazepam">Medazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menitrazepam" title="Menitrazepam">Menitrazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaclazepam" title="Metaclazepam">Metaclazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexazolam" title="Mexazolam">Mexazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midazolam" title="Midazolam">Midazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motrazepam" title="Motrazepam">Motrazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Desalkylflurazepam" title="N-Desalkylflurazepam">N-Desalkylflurazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nifoxipam" title="Nifoxipam">Nifoxipam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimetazepam" title="Nimetazepam">Nimetazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrazepam" title="Nitrazepam">Nitrazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrazepate" title="Nitrazepate">Nitrazepate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrazolam" title="Nitrazolam">Nitrazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordazepam" title="Nordazepam">Nordazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nortetrazepam" title="Nortetrazepam">Nortetrazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxazepam" title="Oxazepam">Oxazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxazolam" title="Oxazolam">Oxazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenazepam" title="Phenazepam">Phenazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinazepam" title="Pinazepam">Pinazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pivoxazepam" title="Pivoxazepam">Pivoxazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prazepam" title="Prazepam">Prazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premazepam" title="Premazepam">Premazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proflazepam" title="Proflazepam">Proflazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrazolam" title="Pyrazolam">Pyrazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QH-II-66" title="QH-II-66">QH-II-66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quazepam" title="Quazepam">Quazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclazepam" title="Reclazepam">Reclazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remimazolam" title="Remimazolam">Remimazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rilmazafone" title="Rilmazafone">Rilmazafone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripazepam" title="Ripazepam">Ripazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro48-6791" title="Ro48-6791">Ro48-6791</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro48-8684" title="Ro48-8684">Ro48-8684</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SH-053-R-CH3-2%E2%80%B2F" title="SH-053-R-CH3-2′F">SH-053-R-CH3-2′F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulazepam" title="Sulazepam">Sulazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temazepam" title="Temazepam">Temazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrazepam" title="Tetrazepam">Tetrazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolufazepam" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolufazepam">Tolufazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triazolam" title="Triazolam">Triazolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triflubazam" title="Triflubazam">Triflubazam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triflunordazepam" title="Triflunordazepam">Triflunordazepam (Ro5-2904)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuclazepam" title="Tuclazepam">Tuclazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uldazepam" title="Uldazepam">Uldazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapizolam" title="Zapizolam">Zapizolam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zolazepam" title="Zolazepam">Zolazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zomebazam" title="Zomebazam">Zomebazam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Carbamate" title="Carbamate">Carbamates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carisbamate" title="Carisbamate">Carisbamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carisoprodol" title="Carisoprodol">Carisoprodol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clocental" title="Clocental">Clocental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclarbamate" title="Cyclarbamate">Cyclarbamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difebarbamate" title="Difebarbamate">Difebarbamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emylcamate" title="Emylcamate">Emylcamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethinamate" title="Ethinamate">Ethinamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Febarbamate" title="Febarbamate">Febarbamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felbamate" title="Felbamate">Felbamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexapropymate" title="Hexapropymate">Hexapropymate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxyphenamate" title="Hydroxyphenamate">Hydroxyphenamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorbamate" title="Lorbamate">Lorbamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mebutamate" title="Mebutamate">Mebutamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meprobamate" title="Meprobamate">Meprobamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisobamate" title="Nisobamate">Nisobamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentabamate" title="Pentabamate">Pentabamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenprobamate" title="Phenprobamate">Phenprobamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procymate" title="Procymate">Procymate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styramate" title="Styramate">Styramate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrabamate" title="Tetrabamate">Tetrabamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tybamate" title="Tybamate">Tybamate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Flavonoid" title="Flavonoid">Flavonoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6-Methylapigenin" title="6-Methylapigenin">6-Methylapigenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampelopsin" title="Ampelopsin">Ampelopsin (dihydromyricetin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apigenin" title="Apigenin">Apigenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicalein" title="Baicalein">Baicalein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicalin" title="Baicalin">Baicalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechin" title="Catechin">Catechin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigallocatechin" class="mw-redirect" title="Epigallocatechin">EGC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigallocatechin_gallate" title="Epigallocatechin gallate">EGCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispidulin" title="Hispidulin">Hispidulin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linarin (page does not exist)">Linarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luteolin" title="Luteolin">Luteolin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans-6,4%E2%80%B2-dimethoxyretrochalcone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trans-6,4′-dimethoxyretrochalcone (page does not exist)">Rc-OMe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scutellaria" title="Scutellaria">Skullcap</a> constituents (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Baicalin" title="Baicalin">baicalin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wogonin" title="Wogonin">Wogonin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Imidazole" title="Imidazole">Imidazoles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etomidate" title="Etomidate">Etomidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metomidate" title="Metomidate">Metomidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propoxate" title="Propoxate">Propoxate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Kava" title="Kava">Kava</a> constituents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10-Methoxyyangonin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10-Methoxyyangonin (page does not exist)">10-Methoxyyangonin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11-Methoxyyangonin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11-Methoxyyangonin (page does not exist)">11-Methoxyyangonin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11-Hydroxyyangonin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11-Hydroxyyangonin (page does not exist)">11-Hydroxyyangonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmethoxyyangonin" title="Desmethoxyyangonin">Desmethoxyyangonin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11-Methoxy-12-hydroxydehydrokavain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11-Methoxy-12-hydroxydehydrokavain (page does not exist)">11-Methoxy-12-hydroxydehydrokavain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7,8-Dihydroyangonin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7,8-Dihydroyangonin (page does not exist)">7,8-Dihydroyangonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavain" title="Kavain">Kavain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5-Hydroxykavain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5-Hydroxykavain (page does not exist)">5-Hydroxykavain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5,6-Dihydroyangonin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5,6-Dihydroyangonin (page does not exist)">5,6-Dihydroyangonin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7,8-Dihydrokavain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7,8-Dihydrokavain (page does not exist)">7,8-Dihydrokavain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroyangonin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroyangonin (page does not exist)">5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroyangonin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5,6-Dehydromethysticin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5,6-Dehydromethysticin (page does not exist)">5,6-Dehydromethysticin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methysticin" title="Methysticin">Methysticin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7,8-Dihydromethysticin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7,8-Dihydromethysticin (page does not exist)">7,8-Dihydromethysticin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangonin" title="Yangonin">Yangonin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Monoureide" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoureide">Monoureides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acecarbromal" title="Acecarbromal">Acecarbromal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apronal" title="Apronal">Apronal (apronalide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromisoval" title="Bromisoval">Bromisoval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbromal" title="Carbromal">Carbromal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capuride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capuride (page does not exist)">Capuride</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ectylurea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ectylurea (page does not exist)">Ectylurea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Neuroactive_steroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuroactive steroid">Neuroactive steroids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acebrochol" title="Acebrochol">Acebrochol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allopregnanolone" title="Allopregnanolone">Allopregnanolone (brexanolone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfadolone" title="Alfadolone">Alfadolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfaxalone" title="Alfaxalone">Alfaxalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B1-Androstanediol" title="3α-Androstanediol">3α-Androstanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androstenol" title="Androstenol">Androstenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androsterone" title="Androsterone">Androsterone</a></li> <li>Certain <a href="/wiki/Anabolic-androgenic_steroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabolic-androgenic steroid">anabolic-androgenic steroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">Cholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrodeoxycorticosterone" title="Dihydrodeoxycorticosterone">DHDOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B1-Dihydroprogesterone" title="3α-Dihydroprogesterone">3α-DHP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B1-Dihydroprogesterone" title="5α-Dihydroprogesterone">5α-DHP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%CE%B2-Dihydroprogesterone" title="5β-Dihydroprogesterone">5β-DHP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrotestosterone" title="Dihydrotestosterone">DHT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiocholanolone" title="Etiocholanolone">Etiocholanolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganaxolone" title="Ganaxolone">Ganaxolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxydione" title="Hydroxydione">Hydroxydione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minaxolone" title="Minaxolone">Minaxolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORG-20599" title="ORG-20599">ORG-20599</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORG-21465" title="ORG-21465">ORG-21465</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P1-185" title="P1-185">P1-185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posovolone" title="Posovolone">Posovolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnanolone" title="Pregnanolone">Pregnanolone (eltanolone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renanolone" title="Renanolone">Renanolone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SAGE-105&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SAGE-105 (page does not exist)">SAGE-105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAGE-324" title="SAGE-324">SAGE-324</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SAGE-516&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SAGE-516 (page does not exist)">SAGE-516</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SAGE-689&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SAGE-689 (page does not exist)">SAGE-689</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SAGE-872&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SAGE-872 (page does not exist)">SAGE-872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">Testosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone" title="Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone">THDOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuranolone" title="Zuranolone">Zuranolone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Nonbenzodiazepine" title="Nonbenzodiazepine">Nonbenzodiazepines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyclopyrrolone" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclopyrrolone">Cyclopyrrolones</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Eszopiclone" title="Eszopiclone">Eszopiclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagoclone" title="Pagoclone">Pagoclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazinaclone" title="Pazinaclone">Pazinaclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suproclone" title="Suproclone">Suproclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriclone" title="Suriclone">Suriclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zopiclone" title="Zopiclone">Zopiclone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Imidazopyridine" title="Imidazopyridine">Imidazopyridines</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Alpidem" title="Alpidem">Alpidem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DS-1_(drug)" title="DS-1 (drug)">DS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necopidem" title="Necopidem">Necopidem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saripidem" title="Saripidem">Saripidem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zolpidem" title="Zolpidem">Zolpidem</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyrazolopyrimidine" title="Pyrazolopyrimidine">Pyrazolopyrimidines</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Divaplon" title="Divaplon">Divaplon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasiplon" title="Fasiplon">Fasiplon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiplon" title="Indiplon">Indiplon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorediplon" title="Lorediplon">Lorediplon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocinaplon" title="Ocinaplon">Ocinaplon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panadiplon" title="Panadiplon">Panadiplon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taniplon" title="Taniplon">Taniplon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaleplon" title="Zaleplon">Zaleplon</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Others</i>: <a href="/wiki/Adipiplon" title="Adipiplon">Adipiplon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGS-8216" title="CGS-8216">CGS-8216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGS-9896" title="CGS-9896">CGS-9896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGS-13767" title="CGS-13767">CGS-13767</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGS-20625" title="CGS-20625">CGS-20625</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CL-218,872" title="CL-218,872">CL-218,872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP-615,003" title="CP-615,003">CP-615,003</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CTP-354&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CTP-354 (page does not exist)">CTP-354</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELB-139" title="ELB-139">ELB-139</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GBLD-345" title="GBLD-345">GBLD-345</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imepitoin" title="Imepitoin">Imepitoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JM-1232" title="JM-1232">JM-1232</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-838,417" title="L-838,417">L-838,417</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lirequinil" title="Lirequinil">Lirequinil (Ro41-3696)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NS-2664" title="NS-2664">NS-2664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NS-2710" title="NS-2710">NS-2710</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NS-11394" title="NS-11394">NS-11394</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipequaline" title="Pipequaline">Pipequaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROD-188" title="ROD-188">ROD-188</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RWJ-51204" title="RWJ-51204">RWJ-51204</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-205,384" class="mw-redirect" title="SB-205,384">SB-205,384</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SX-3228" title="SX-3228">SX-3228</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TGSC01AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TGSC01AA (page does not exist)">TGSC01AA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TP-003" title="TP-003">TP-003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TPA-023" title="TPA-023">TPA-023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TP-13" title="TP-13">TP-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-89843A" title="U-89843A">U-89843A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-90042" title="U-90042">U-90042</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viqualine" title="Viqualine">Viqualine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y-23684" title="Y-23684">Y-23684</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Phenol" title="Phenol">Phenols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fospropofol" title="Fospropofol">Fospropofol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propofol" title="Propofol">Propofol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymol" title="Thymol">Thymol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Piperidinedione" class="mw-redirect" title="Piperidinedione">Piperidinediones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glutethimide" title="Glutethimide">Glutethimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyprylon" title="Methyprylon">Methyprylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperidione" title="Piperidione">Piperidione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrithyldione" title="Pyrithyldione">Pyrithyldione</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Pyrazolopyridine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrazolopyridine">Pyrazolopyridines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartazolate" title="Cartazolate">Cartazolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etazolate" title="Etazolate">Etazolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICI-190,622" title="ICI-190,622">ICI-190,622</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracazolate" title="Tracazolate">Tracazolate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Quinazolinone" title="Quinazolinone">Quinazolinones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afloqualone" title="Afloqualone">Afloqualone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloroqualone" title="Cloroqualone">Cloroqualone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diproqualone" title="Diproqualone">Diproqualone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etaqualone" title="Etaqualone">Etaqualone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mebroqualone" title="Mebroqualone">Mebroqualone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecloqualone" title="Mecloqualone">Mecloqualone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methaqualone" title="Methaqualone">Methaqualone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylmethaqualone" title="Methylmethaqualone">Methylmethaqualone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitromethaqualone" title="Nitromethaqualone">Nitromethaqualone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SL-164" title="SL-164">SL-164</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Inhalational_anaesthetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Inhalational anaesthetic">Volatiles</a>/<a href="/wiki/Inhalational_anaesthetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Inhalational anaesthetic">gases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetone" title="Acetone">Acetone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acetophenone" title="Acetophenone">Acetophenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acetylglycinamide_chloral_hydrate" title="Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate">Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliflurane" title="Aliflurane">Aliflurane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzene" title="Benzene">Benzene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butane" title="Butane">Butane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butylene" class="mw-redirect" title="Butylene">Butylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centalun" title="Centalun">Centalun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloral" title="Chloral">Chloral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloral_betaine" title="Chloral betaine">Chloral betaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloral_hydrate" title="Chloral hydrate">Chloral hydrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloroform" title="Chloroform">Chloroform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryofluorane" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryofluorane">Cryofluorane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desflurane" title="Desflurane">Desflurane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichloralphenazone" title="Dichloralphenazone">Dichloralphenazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichloromethane" title="Dichloromethane">Dichloromethane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diethyl_ether" title="Diethyl ether">Diethyl ether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enflurane" title="Enflurane">Enflurane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloroethane" title="Chloroethane">Ethyl chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylene" title="Ethylene">Ethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluroxene" title="Fluroxene">Fluroxene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">Gasoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halopropane" title="Halopropane">Halopropane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halothane" title="Halothane">Halothane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoflurane" title="Isoflurane">Isoflurane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerosene" title="Kerosene">Kerosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxyflurane" title="Methoxyflurane">Methoxyflurane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxypropane" title="Methoxypropane">Methoxypropane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">Nitric oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">Nitrous oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norflurane" class="mw-redirect" title="Norflurane">Norflurane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraldehyde" title="Paraldehyde">Paraldehyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propane" title="Propane">Propane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propene" class="mw-redirect" title="Propene">Propylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roflurane" title="Roflurane">Roflurane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevoflurane" title="Sevoflurane">Sevoflurane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthane" title="Synthane">Synthane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teflurane" title="Teflurane">Teflurane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toluene" title="Toluene">Toluene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1,1,1-Trichloroethane" title="1,1,1-Trichloroethane">Trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichloroethylene" title="Trichloroethylene">Trichloroethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divinyl_ether" title="Divinyl ether">Vinyl ether</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Others/unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3-Hydroxybutanal" title="3-Hydroxybutanal">3-Hydroxybutanal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%91-Ethyl-%CE%B1-methylthiobutyrolactone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Α-Ethyl-α-methylthiobutyrolactone (page does not exist)">α-EMTBL</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AA-29504&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AA-29504 (page does not exist)">AA-29504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alogabat" title="Alogabat">Alogabat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avermectin" title="Avermectin">Avermectins</a> (e.g., <a class="mw-selflink selflink">ivermectin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromide" title="Bromide">Bromide</a> compounds (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Lithium_bromide" title="Lithium bromide">lithium bromide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potassium_bromide" title="Potassium bromide">potassium bromide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_bromide" title="Sodium bromide">sodium bromide</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbamazepine" title="Carbamazepine">Carbamazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloralose" title="Chloralose">Chloralose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlormezanone" title="Chlormezanone">Chlormezanone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clomethiazole" title="Clomethiazole">Clomethiazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darigabat" title="Darigabat">Darigabat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3,3-Diethyl-2-pyrrolidinone" title="3,3-Diethyl-2-pyrrolidinone">DEABL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuterated_etifoxine" title="Deuterated etifoxine">Deuterated etifoxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydroergoline" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihydroergoline">Dihydroergolines</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Dihydroergocryptine" title="Dihydroergocryptine">dihydroergocryptine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dihydroergosine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dihydroergosine (page does not exist)">dihydroergosine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dihydroergotamine" title="Dihydroergotamine">dihydroergotamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ergoloid" title="Ergoloid">ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4-Chloro-N-(2-(2-thienyl)imidazo(1,2-a)pyridin-3-yl)benzamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4-Chloro-N-(2-(2-thienyl)imidazo(1,2-a)pyridin-3-yl)benzamide (page does not exist)">DS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efavirenz" title="Efavirenz">Efavirenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etazepine" title="Etazepine">Etazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etifoxine" title="Etifoxine">Etifoxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenamate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenamate">Fenamates</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Flufenamic_acid" title="Flufenamic acid">flufenamic acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mefenamic_acid" title="Mefenamic acid">mefenamic acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niflumic_acid" title="Niflumic acid">niflumic acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tolfenamic_acid" title="Tolfenamic acid">tolfenamic acid</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoxetine" title="Fluoxetine">Fluoxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flupirtine" title="Flupirtine">Flupirtine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopantenic_acid" title="Hopantenic acid">Hopantenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRM-II-81" title="KRM-II-81">KRM-II-81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">Lanthanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_oil" title="Lavender oil">Lavender oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lignan" title="Lignan">Lignans</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/4-O-methylhonokiol" class="mw-redirect" title="4-O-methylhonokiol">4-O-methylhonokiol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honokiol" title="Honokiol">honokiol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnolol" title="Magnolol">magnolol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obovatol" title="Obovatol">obovatol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loreclezole" title="Loreclezole">Loreclezole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menthyl_isovalerate" title="Menthyl isovalerate">Menthyl isovalerate (validolum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastrol" title="Monastrol">Monastrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niacin" title="Niacin">Niacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niacinamide" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacinamide">Niacinamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Org_25435" class="mw-redirect" title="Org 25435">Org 25,435</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenytoin" title="Phenytoin">Phenytoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propanidid" title="Propanidid">Propanidid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retigabine" title="Retigabine">Retigabine (ezogabine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safranal" title="Safranal">Safranal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seproxetine" title="Seproxetine">Seproxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stiripentol" title="Stiripentol">Stiripentol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulfonylalkane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfonylalkane (page does not exist)">Sulfonylalkanes</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Sulfonmethane" title="Sulfonmethane">sulfonmethane (sulfonal)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetronal" title="Tetronal">tetronal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trional" title="Trional">trional</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terpenoid" title="Terpenoid">Terpenoids</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Borneol" title="Borneol">borneol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topiramate" title="Topiramate">Topiramate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(herb)" title="Valerian (herb)">Valerian</a> constituents (e.g., <a href="/wiki/3-methylbutanoic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="3-methylbutanoic acid">isovaleric acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isovaleramide" title="Isovaleramide">isovaleramide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valerenic_acid" title="Valerenic acid">valerenic acid</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerenol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valerenol (page does not exist)">valerenol</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i>Unsorted benzodiazepine site positive modulators:</i> <a href="/wiki/%CE%91-Pinene" title="Α-Pinene">α-Pinene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRK-409_(MK-0343)" class="mw-redirect" title="MRK-409 (MK-0343)">MRK-409 (MK-0343)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TCS-1105&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TCS-1105 (page does not exist)">TCS-1105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCS-1205" title="TCS-1205">TCS-1205</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:GABA_receptor_modulators" title="Template:GABA receptor modulators">GABA receptor modulators</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:GABA_metabolism_and_transport_modulators" title="Template:GABA metabolism and transport modulators">GABA metabolism/transport modulators</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Glycine_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Glycine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Glycine receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Glycine_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Glycine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Glycine_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Glycine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Glycine_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Glycine_receptor" title="Glycine receptor">Glycine receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">Receptor</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Ligand_(biochemistry)" title="Ligand (biochemistry)">ligands</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Glycine_receptor" title="Glycine receptor"><abbr title="Glycine receptor">GlyR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Glycine receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/wiki/%CE%92-Alanine" title="Β-Alanine">β-Alanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta-Aminobutyric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Aminobutyric acid">β-ABA (BABA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%92-Aminoisobutyric_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Β-Aminoisobutyric acid (page does not exist)">β-AIBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Caesium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alanine" title="Alanine"><small>D</small>-Alanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serine" title="Serine"><small>D</small>-Serine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Aminobutyric acid">GABA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycine" title="Glycine">Glycine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypotaurine" title="Hypotaurine">Hypotaurine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ivermectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alanine" title="Alanine"><small>L</small>-Alanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proline" title="Proline"><small>L</small>-Proline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serine" title="Serine"><small>L</small>-Serine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threonine" title="Threonine"><small>L</small>-Threonine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MDL-27531&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MDL-27531 (page does not exist)">MDL-27531</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milacemide" title="Milacemide">Milacemide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picolinic_acid" title="Picolinic acid">Picolinic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propofol" title="Propofol">Propofol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisqualamine" title="Quisqualamine">Quisqualamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcosine" title="Sarcosine">Sarcosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurine" title="Taurine">Taurine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Positive modulators:</b> <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(chemistry)" title="Alcohol (chemistry)">Alcohols</a> (e.g., <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brometone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brometone (page does not exist)">brometone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlorobutanol" title="Chlorobutanol">chlorobutanol (chloretone)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">ethanol (alcohol)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tert-Butyl_alcohol" title="Tert-Butyl alcohol"><i>tert</i>-butanol (2M2P)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tribromoethanol" title="Tribromoethanol">tribromoethanol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trichloroethanol" class="mw-redirect" title="Trichloroethanol">trichloroethanol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trifluoroethanol" class="mw-redirect" title="Trifluoroethanol">trifluoroethanol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkylbenzene_sulfonate" title="Alkylbenzene sulfonate">Alkylbenzene sulfonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamide" title="Anandamide">Anandamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbiturate" title="Barbiturate">Barbiturates</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Pentobarbital" title="Pentobarbital">pentobarbital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_thiopental" title="Sodium thiopental">sodium thiopental</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlormethiazole" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlormethiazole">Chlormethiazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D12-116&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D12-116 (page does not exist)">D12-116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydropyridine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihydropyridine">Dihydropyridines</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Nicardipine" title="Nicardipine">nicardipine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etomidate" title="Etomidate">Etomidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginseng" title="Ginseng">Ginseng</a> constituents (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Ginsenoside" title="Ginsenoside">ginsenosides</a> (e.g., <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginsenoside-Rf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ginsenoside-Rf (page does not exist)">ginsenoside-Rf</a>))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glutamic_acid" title="Glutamic acid">Glutamic acid (glutamate)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ivermectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketamine" title="Ketamine">Ketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroactive_steroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuroactive steroid">Neuroactive steroids</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Alfaxolone" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfaxolone">alfaxolone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone" title="Pregnenolone">pregnenolone (eltanolone)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_acetate" title="Pregnenolone acetate">pregnenolone acetate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minaxolone" title="Minaxolone">minaxolone</a>, <a href="/wiki/ORG-20599" title="ORG-20599">ORG-20599</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">Nitrous oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penicillin_G" class="mw-redirect" title="Penicillin G">Penicillin G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propofol" title="Propofol">Propofol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamoxifen" title="Tamoxifen">Tamoxifen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">Tetrahydrocannabinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triclofos" title="Triclofos">Triclofos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropeine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropeine (page does not exist)">Tropeines</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Atropine" title="Atropine">atropine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bemesetron" title="Bemesetron">bemesetron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=LY-278584&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LY-278584 (page does not exist)">LY-278584</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropisetron" title="Tropisetron">tropisetron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zatosetron" title="Zatosetron">zatosetron</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volatility_(chemistry)" title="Volatility (chemistry)">Volatiles</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gases</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Chloral_hydrate" title="Chloral hydrate">chloral hydrate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chloroform" title="Chloroform">chloroform</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desflurane" title="Desflurane">desflurane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diethyl_ether" title="Diethyl ether">diethyl ether (ether)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enflurane" title="Enflurane">enflurane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halothane" title="Halothane">halothane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isoflurane" title="Isoflurane">isoflurane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methoxyflurane" title="Methoxyflurane">methoxyflurane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sevoflurane" title="Sevoflurane">sevoflurane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toluene" title="Toluene">toluene</a>, <a href="/wiki/1,1,1-trichloroethane" class="mw-redirect" title="1,1,1-trichloroethane">trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trichloroethylene" title="Trichloroethylene">trichloroethylene</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Antagonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Aminostrychnine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Aminostrychnine (page does not exist)">2-Aminostrychnine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Nitrostrychnine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Nitrostrychnine (page does not exist)">2-Nitrostrychnine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4-Phenyl-4-formyl-N-methylpiperidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4-Phenyl-4-formyl-N-methylpiperidine (page does not exist)">4-Phenyl-4-formyl-N-methylpiperidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%91-Ethyl-%CE%B1-methyl-%CE%B3-thiobutyrolactone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Α-Ethyl-α-methyl-γ-thiobutyrolactone (page does not exist)">αEMBTL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicuculline" title="Bicuculline">Bicuculline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brucine" title="Brucine">Brucine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacotheline" title="Cacotheline">Cacotheline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">Caffeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchicine" title="Colchicine">Colchicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colubrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Colubrine">Colubrine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyanotriphenylborate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyanotriphenylborate (page does not exist)">Cyanotriphenylborate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendrobine" title="Dendrobine">Dendrobine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaboline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diaboline (page does not exist)">Diaboline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Endocannabinoid">Endocannabinoids</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/2-arachidonylglycerol" class="mw-redirect" title="2-arachidonylglycerol">2-AG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anandamide" title="Anandamide">anandamide (AEA)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaboxadol" title="Gaboxadol">Gaboxadol (THIP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsemine" title="Gelsemine">Gelsemine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iso-THAZ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iso-THAZ (page does not exist)">iso-THAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isobutyric_acid" title="Isobutyric acid">Isobutyric acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isonipecotic_acid" title="Isonipecotic acid">Isonipecotic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isostrychnine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isostrychnine (page does not exist)">Isostrychnine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudanosine" title="Laudanosine">Laudanosine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N-Methylbicuculline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-Methylbicuculline (page does not exist)">N-Methylbicuculline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N-Methylstrychnine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-Methylstrychnine (page does not exist)">N-Methylstrychnine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N,N-Dimethylmuscimol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N,N-Dimethylmuscimol (page does not exist)">N,N-Dimethylmuscimol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipecotic_acid" title="Nipecotic acid">Nipecotic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitrazepin" title="Pitrazepin">Pitrazepin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudostrychnine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudostrychnine (page does not exist)">Pseudostrychnine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinoline" title="Quinoline">Quinolines</a> (e.g., <a href="/w/index.php?title=4-hydroxyquinoline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4-hydroxyquinoline (page does not exist)">4-hydroxyquinoline</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (page does not exist)">4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=5,7-dichloro-4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5,7-dichloro-4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (page does not exist)">5,7-CIQA</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=7-chloro-4-hydroxyquinoline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7-chloro-4-hydroxyquinoline (page does not exist)">7-CIQ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=7-trifluoromethyl-4-hydroxyquinoline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7-trifluoromethyl-4-hydroxyquinoline (page does not exist)">7-TFQ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=7-trifluoromethyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7-trifluoromethyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (page does not exist)">7-TFQA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RU-5135&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RU-5135 (page does not exist)">RU-5135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinomenine" title="Sinomenine">Sinomenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strychnine" title="Strychnine">Strychnine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiocolchicoside" title="Thiocolchicoside">Thiocolchicoside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutin_(toxin)" title="Tutin (toxin)">Tutin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Negative modulators:</b> <a href="/wiki/Amiloride" title="Amiloride">Amiloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">Benzodiazepines</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Bromazepam" title="Bromazepam">bromazepam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clonazepam" title="Clonazepam">clonazepam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diazepam" title="Diazepam">diazepam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flunitrazepam" title="Flunitrazepam">flunitrazepam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flurazepam" title="Flurazepam">flurazepam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corymine" title="Corymine">Corymine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyanotriphenylborate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyanotriphenylborate (page does not exist)">Cyanotriphenylborate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daidzein" title="Daidzein">Daidzein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydropyridine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihydropyridine">Dihydropyridines</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Nicardipine" title="Nicardipine">nicardipine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nifedipine" title="Nifedipine">nifedipine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrendipine" title="Nitrendipine">nitrendipine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furosemide" title="Furosemide">Furosemide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genistein" title="Genistein">Genistein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginkgo_biloba" title="Ginkgo biloba">Ginkgo</a> constituents (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Bilobalide" title="Bilobalide">bilobalide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ginkgolide" title="Ginkgolide">ginkgolides</a> (e.g., <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginkgolide_A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ginkgolide A (page does not exist)">ginkgolide A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ginkgolide_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginkgolide B">ginkgolide B</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginkgolide_C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ginkgolide C (page does not exist)">ginkgolide C</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginkgolide_J&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ginkgolide J (page does not exist)">ginkgolide J</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginkgolide_M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ginkgolide M (page does not exist)">ginkgolide M</a>))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imipramine" title="Imipramine">Imipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBQX" title="NBQX">NBQX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroactive_steroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuroactive steroid">Neuroactive steroids</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/3%CE%B1-androsterone_sulfate" class="mw-redirect" title="3α-androsterone sulfate">3α-androsterone sulfate</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=3%CE%B2-androsterone_sulfate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3β-androsterone sulfate (page does not exist)">3β-androsterone sulfate</a>, <a href="/wiki/11-deoxycorticosterone" class="mw-redirect" title="11-deoxycorticosterone">deoxycorticosterone</a>, <a href="/wiki/DHEA_sulfate" class="mw-redirect" title="DHEA sulfate">DHEA sulfate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_sulfate" title="Pregnenolone sulfate">pregnenolone sulfate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">progesterone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">Opioids</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Codeine" title="Codeine">codeine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dextromethorphan" title="Dextromethorphan">dextromethorphan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dextrorphan" title="Dextrorphan">dextrorphan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levomethadone" title="Levomethadone">levomethadone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levorphanol" title="Levorphanol">levorphanol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">morphine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oripavine" title="Oripavine">oripavine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pethidine" title="Pethidine">pethidine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thebaine" title="Thebaine">thebaine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picrotoxin" title="Picrotoxin">Picrotoxin</a> (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Picrotin" class="mw-redirect" title="Picrotin">picrotin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Picrotoxinin" class="mw-redirect" title="Picrotoxinin">picrotoxinin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phenylbenzene_%CF%89-phosphono-%CE%B1-amino_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phenylbenzene ω-phosphono-α-amino acid (page does not exist)">PMBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riluzole" title="Riluzole">Riluzole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropeine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropeine (page does not exist)">Tropeines</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Bemesetron" title="Bemesetron">bemesetron</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=LY-278584&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LY-278584 (page does not exist)">LY-278584</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropisetron" title="Tropisetron">tropisetron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zatosetron" title="Zatosetron">zatosetron</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verapamil" title="Verapamil">Verapamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/N-Methyl-D-aspartate_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor"><abbr title="N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor">NMDAR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Ionotropic_glutamate_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter_transporter" title="Neurotransmitter transporter">Transporter</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Reuptake_inhibitor" title="Reuptake inhibitor">blockers</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Glycine_transporter_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycine transporter 1"><abbr title="Glycine transporter 1">GlyT1</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Glycine transporter 1</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACPPB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACPPB (page does not exist)">ACPPB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALX-5407&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ALX-5407 (page does not exist)">ALX-5407 (NFPS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASP2535" title="ASP2535">ASP2535</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitopertin" title="Bitopertin">Bitopertin (RG1678/RO4917838)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CP-802079&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CP-802079 (page does not exist)">CP-802079</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Ethanol (alcohol)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glycyldodecylamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glycyldodecylamide (page does not exist)">Glycyldodecylamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GSK1018921&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GSK1018921 (page does not exist)">GSK1018921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iclepertin" title="Iclepertin">Iclepertin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY-2365109" title="LY-2365109">LY-2365109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardepodect" title="Mardepodect">Mardepodect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORG-24598" title="ORG-24598">ORG-24598</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORG-25935" title="ORG-25935">ORG-25935 (SCH-900435)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesampator" title="Pesampator">Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PF-03463275&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PF-03463275 (page does not exist)">PF-03463275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcosine" title="Sarcosine">Sarcosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNG-12" title="SNG-12">SNG-12 (Synapsinae)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SSR-103,800&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SSR-103,800 (page does not exist)">SSR-103,800</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SSR-504,734&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SSR-504,734 (page does not exist)">SSR-504,734</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapertin" title="Tilapertin">Tilapertin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Glycine_transporter_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycine transporter 2"><abbr title="Glycine transporter 2">GlyT2</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Glycine transporter 2</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALX-1393" title="ALX-1393">ALX-1393</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoxapine" title="Amoxapine">Amoxapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Ethanol (alcohol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Arachidonylglycine" title="N-Arachidonylglycine">NAGly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opiranserin" title="Opiranserin">Opiranserin (VVZ-149)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ORG-25543&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ORG-25543 (page does not exist)">ORG-25543</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VVZ-368&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VVZ-368 (page does not exist)">VVZ-368</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Template:GABA_receptor_modulators" title="Template:GABA receptor modulators">GABA receptor modulators</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Template:GABAA_receptor_positive_modulators" title="Template:GABAA receptor positive modulators">GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor positive modulators</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Ionotropic_glutamate_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators">Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators</a></i></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor" title="Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor">Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptors" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors"><abbr title="Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors">nAChRs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Receptor_agonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Receptor agonist">Agonists</a><br />(and <a href="/wiki/Positive_allosteric_modulators" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive allosteric modulators"><abbr title="positive allosteric modulators">PAMs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip positive allosteric modulators</span>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5-Hydroxyindoleacetic_acid" title="5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid">5-HIAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6-Chloronicotine" title="6-Chloronicotine">6-Chloronicotine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-84,543" title="A-84,543">A-84,543</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-366,833" title="A-366,833">A-366,833</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-582,941&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-582,941 (page does not exist)">A-582,941</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-867,744&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-867,744 (page does not exist)">A-867,744</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABT-202" title="ABT-202">ABT-202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABT-418" title="ABT-418">ABT-418</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ABT-560&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABT-560 (page does not exist)">ABT-560</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ABT-894&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABT-894 (page does not exist)">ABT-894</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acetylcholine" title="Acetylcholine">Acetylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altinicline" title="Altinicline">Altinicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabasine" title="Anabasine">Anabasine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatabine" title="Anatabine">Anatabine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatoxin-a" title="Anatoxin-a">Anatoxin-a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AR-R17779" title="AR-R17779">AR-R17779</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bephenium_hydroxynaphthoate" title="Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate">Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butinoline" title="Butinoline">Butinoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butyrylcholine" title="Butyrylcholine">Butyrylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbachol" title="Carbachol">Carbachol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choline" title="Choline">Choline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotinine" title="Cotinine">Cotinine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytisine" title="Cytisine">Cytisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decamethonium" title="Decamethonium">Decamethonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desformylflustrabromine" title="Desformylflustrabromine">Desformylflustrabromine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianicline" title="Dianicline">Dianicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylphenylpiperazinium" title="Dimethylphenylpiperazinium">Dimethylphenylpiperazinium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epibatidine" title="Epibatidine">Epibatidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiboxidine" title="Epiboxidine">Epiboxidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Ethanol (alcohol)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethoxysebacylcholine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethoxysebacylcholine (page does not exist)">Ethoxysebacylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EVP-4473&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EVP-4473 (page does not exist)">EVP-4473</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EVP-6124" class="mw-redirect" title="EVP-6124">EVP-6124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galantamine" title="Galantamine">Galantamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTS-21" title="GTS-21">GTS-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispronicline" title="Ispronicline">Ispronicline</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ivermectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JNJ-39393406" title="JNJ-39393406">JNJ-39393406</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levamisole" title="Levamisole">Levamisole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobeline" title="Lobeline">Lobeline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MEM-63,908&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MEM-63,908 (page does not exist)">MEM-63,908 (RG-3487)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morantel" title="Morantel">Morantel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NS-1738&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NS-1738 (page does not exist)">NS-1738</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHA-543,613" title="PHA-543,613">PHA-543,613</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PHA-709,829&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PHA-709,829 (page does not exist)">PHA-709,829</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNU-120,596" title="PNU-120,596">PNU-120,596</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNU-282,987" title="PNU-282,987">PNU-282,987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozanicline" title="Pozanicline">Pozanicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrantel" title="Pyrantel">Pyrantel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivanicline" title="Rivanicline">Rivanicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RJR-2429" title="RJR-2429">RJR-2429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sazetidine_A" title="Sazetidine A">Sazetidine A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-206553" title="SB-206553">SB-206553</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebacylcholine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sebacylcholine (page does not exist)">Sebacylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIB-1508Y" class="mw-redirect" title="SIB-1508Y">SIB-1508Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIB-1553A" title="SIB-1553A">SIB-1553A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSR-180,711" title="SSR-180,711">SSR-180,711</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suberyldicholine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suberyldicholine (page does not exist)">Suberyldicholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suxamethonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Suxamethonium">Suxamethonium (succinylcholine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suxethonium_chloride" title="Suxethonium chloride">Suxethonium (succinyldicholine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TC-1698" title="TC-1698">TC-1698</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TC-1734&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TC-1734 (page does not exist)">TC-1734</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TC-1827" title="TC-1827">TC-1827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TC-2216" title="TC-2216">TC-2216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TC-5214" class="mw-redirect" title="TC-5214">TC-5214</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TC-5619" class="mw-redirect" title="TC-5619">TC-5619</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TC-6683&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TC-6683 (page does not exist)">TC-6683</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebanicline" title="Tebanicline">Tebanicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribendimidine" title="Tribendimidine">Tribendimidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropisetron" title="Tropisetron">Tropisetron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UB-165" title="UB-165">UB-165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varenicline" title="Varenicline">Varenicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAY-317,538" class="mw-redirect" title="WAY-317,538">WAY-317,538</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XY-4083&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XY-4083 (page does not exist)">XY-4083</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Receptor_antagonist" title="Receptor antagonist">Antagonists</a><br />(and <a href="/wiki/Negative_allosteric_modulators" class="mw-redirect" title="Negative allosteric modulators"><abbr title="negative allosteric modulators">NAMs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip negative allosteric modulators</span>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18-Methylaminocoronaridine" title="18-Methylaminocoronaridine">18-MAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18-Methoxycoronaridine" title="18-Methoxycoronaridine">18-MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91-Neurotoxin" title="Α-Neurotoxin">α-Neurotoxins</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/%CE%91-bungarotoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Α-bungarotoxin">α-bungarotoxin</a>, <a href="/wiki/%CE%91-cobratoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Α-cobratoxin">α-cobratoxin</a>, <a href="/wiki/%CE%91-conotoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Α-conotoxin">α-conotoxin</a>, many others)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ABT-126&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABT-126 (page does not exist)">ABT-126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcuronium" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcuronium">Alcuronium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allopregnanolone" title="Allopregnanolone">Allopregnanolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amantadine" title="Amantadine">Amantadine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatruxonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anatruxonium (page does not exist)">Anatruxonium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AQW051&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AQW051 (page does not exist)">AQW051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atracurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Atracurium">Atracurium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbiturates" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbiturates">Barbiturates</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Pentobarbital" title="Pentobarbital">pentobarbital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_thiopental" title="Sodium thiopental">sodium thiopental</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNC-210" title="BNC-210">BNC-210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungarotoxin" title="Bungarotoxin">Bungarotoxins</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/%CE%91-bungarotoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Α-bungarotoxin">α-bungarotoxin</a>, <a href="/wiki/%CE%9A-bungarotoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Κ-bungarotoxin">κ-bungarotoxin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">Bupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BW284C51" title="BW284C51">BW284C51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BW-A444" title="BW-A444">BW-A444</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candocuronium_iodide" title="Candocuronium iodide">Candocuronium iodide (chandonium iodide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorisondamine" title="Chlorisondamine">Chlorisondamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisatracurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisatracurium">Cisatracurium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coclaurine" title="Coclaurine">Coclaurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronaridine" title="Coronaridine">Coronaridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curare" title="Curare">Curare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopropane" title="Cyclopropane">Cyclopropane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacuronium_bromide" title="Dacuronium bromide">Dacuronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decamethonium" title="Decamethonium">Decamethonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydronorketamine" title="Dehydronorketamine">Dehydronorketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desflurane" title="Desflurane">Desflurane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextromethorphan" title="Dextromethorphan">Dextromethorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextropropoxyphene" title="Dextropropoxyphene">Dextropropoxyphene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextrorphan" title="Dextrorphan">Dextrorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diadonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diadonium (page does not exist)">Diadonium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dihydro-beta-erythroidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dihydro-beta-erythroidine (page does not exist)">DHβE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrochandonium" title="Dihydrochandonium">Dihydrochandonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethyltubocurarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimethyltubocurarine">Dimethyltubocurarine (metocurine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioscorine" title="Dioscorine">Dioscorine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipyrandium" title="Dipyrandium">Dipyrandium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizocilpine" title="Dizocilpine">Dizocilpine (MK-801)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxacurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Doxacurium">Doxacurium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encenicline" title="Encenicline">Encenicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enflurane" title="Enflurane">Enflurane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythravine" title="Erythravine">Erythravine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esketamine" title="Esketamine">Esketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazadinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Fazadinium">Fazadinium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallamine">Gallamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gantacurium_chloride" title="Gantacurium chloride">Gantacurium chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halothane" title="Halothane">Halothane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexafluronium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexafluronium">Hexafluronium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexamethonium" title="Hexamethonium">Hexamethonium (benzohexonium)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxybupropion" title="Hydroxybupropion">Hydroxybupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxynorketamine" title="Hydroxynorketamine">Hydroxynorketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibogaine" title="Ibogaine">Ibogaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoflurane" title="Isoflurane">Isoflurane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketamine" title="Ketamine">Ketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kynurenic_acid" title="Kynurenic acid">Kynurenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudanosine" title="Laudanosine">Laudanosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudexium" class="mw-redirect" title="Laudexium">Laudexium (laudolissin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levacetylmethadol" title="Levacetylmethadol">Levacetylmethadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levomethadone" title="Levomethadone">Levomethadone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malouetine" title="Malouetine">Malouetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Methoxyethyl-18-methoxycoronaridinate" title="2-Methoxyethyl-18-methoxycoronaridinate">ME-18-MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecamylamine" title="Mecamylamine">Mecamylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memantine" title="Memantine">Memantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methadone" title="Methadone">Methadone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methorphan" title="Methorphan">Methorphan (racemethorphan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyllycaconitine" title="Methyllycaconitine">Methyllycaconitine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metocurine" title="Metocurine">Metocurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mivacurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Mivacurium">Mivacurium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphanol" class="mw-redirect" title="Morphanol">Morphanol (racemorphan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neramexane" title="Neramexane">Neramexane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">Nitrous oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norketamine" title="Norketamine">Norketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancuronium_bromide" title="Pancuronium bromide">Pancuronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pempidine" title="Pempidine">Pempidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentamine" title="Pentamine">Pentamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentolinium" title="Pentolinium">Pentolinium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phencyclidine" title="Phencyclidine">Phencyclidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipecuronium_bromide" title="Pipecuronium bromide">Pipecuronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promegestone" title="Promegestone">Promegestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radafaxine" title="Radafaxine">Radafaxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapacuronium_bromide" title="Rapacuronium bromide">Rapacuronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reboxetine" title="Reboxetine">Reboxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocuronium_bromide" title="Rocuronium bromide">Rocuronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevoflurane" title="Sevoflurane">Sevoflurane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stercuronium_iodide" title="Stercuronium iodide">Stercuronium iodide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surugatoxin" title="Surugatoxin">Surugatoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiocolchicoside" title="Thiocolchicoside">Thiocolchicoside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threohydrobupropion" title="Threohydrobupropion">Threohydrobupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxiferine" title="Toxiferine">Toxiferine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramadol" title="Tramadol">Tramadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimetaphan_camsilate" title="Trimetaphan camsilate">Trimetaphan camsilate (trimethaphan camsylate)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropeinium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropeinium (page does not exist)">Tropeinium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubocurarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tubocurarine">Tubocurarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanoxerine" title="Vanoxerine">Vanoxerine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vecuronium_bromide" title="Vecuronium bromide">Vecuronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Precursor_(chemistry)" title="Precursor (chemistry)">Precursors</a><br /><small>(and <a href="/wiki/Prodrug" title="Prodrug">prodrugs</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetyl-coA" class="mw-redirect" title="Acetyl-coA">Acetyl-coA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adafenoxate" title="Adafenoxate">Adafenoxate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choline" title="Choline">Choline</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lecithin" title="Lecithin">lecithin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citicoline" title="Citicoline">Citicoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprodenate" title="Cyprodenate">Cyprodenate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylethanolamine" title="Dimethylethanolamine">Dimethylethanolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycerophosphocholine" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycerophosphocholine">Glycerophosphocholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclofenoxate" title="Meclofenoxate">Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylcholine" title="Phosphatidylcholine">Phosphatidylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylethanolamine" title="Phosphatidylethanolamine">Phosphatidylethanolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorylcholine" title="Phosphorylcholine">Phosphorylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirisudanol" title="Pirisudanol">Pirisudanol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators">Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Acetylcholine_metabolism_and_transport_modulators" title="Template:Acetylcholine metabolism and transport modulators">Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Purine_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Purine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Purine receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Purine_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Purine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Purine_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Purine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Purine_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Purine_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Purine receptor">Purine receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">Receptor</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Ligand_(biochemistry)" title="Ligand (biochemistry)">ligands</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/P0_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="P0 receptor">P0</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adenine" title="Adenine">adenine</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=8-Aminoadenine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8-Aminoadenine (page does not exist)">8-Aminoadenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenine" title="Adenine">Adenine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_receptor" title="Adenosine receptor">P1</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Adenosine" title="Adenosine">adenosine</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2-(1-Hexynyl)-N-methyladenosine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-(1-Hexynyl)-N-methyladenosine (page does not exist)">2-(1-Hexynyl)-<i>N</i>-methyladenosine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Cl-IB-MECA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Cl-IB-MECA (page does not exist)">2-Cl-IB-MECA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Chloroadenosine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Chloroadenosine (page does not exist)">2-Chloroadenosine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2%27-MeCCPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2'-MeCCPA (page does not exist)">2'-MeCCPA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4%27-O-%CE%B2-D-Glucosyl-9-O-(6%27-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4'-O-β-D-Glucosyl-9-O-(6'-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil (page does not exist)">4'-O-β-D-Glucosyl-9-O-(6''-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%27-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (page does not exist)">5'-<i>N</i>-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine" title="Adenosine">Adenosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate" title="Adenosine diphosphate">ADP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_monophosphate" title="Adenosine monophosphate">AMP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apadenoson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apadenoson (page does not exist)">Apadenoson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATL-146e" class="mw-redirect" title="ATL-146e">ATL-146e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate" title="Adenosine triphosphate">ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAY_60%E2%80%936583" title="BAY 60–6583">BAY 60–6583</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Binodenoson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binodenoson (page does not exist)">Binodenoson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capadenoson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capadenoson (page does not exist)">Capadenoson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCPA_(biochemistry)" title="CCPA (biochemistry)">CCPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGS-21680" title="CGS-21680">CGS-21680</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP-532,903" title="CP-532,903">CP-532,903</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CV-1808&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CV-1808 (page does not exist)">CV-1808</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evodenoson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evodenoson (page does not exist)">Evodenoson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GR_79236&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GR 79236 (page does not exist)">GR 79236</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HENECA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HENECA (page does not exist)">HENECA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LUF-5835&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LUF-5835 (page does not exist)">LUF-5835</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LUF-5845&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LUF-5845 (page does not exist)">LUF-5845</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N6-Cyclopentyladenosine" title="N6-Cyclopentyladenosine"><i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-Cyclopentyladenosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namodenoson" title="Namodenoson">Namodenoson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NECA_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NECA (drug) (page does not exist)">NECA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neladenoson_dalanate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neladenoson dalanate (page does not exist)">Neladenoson dalanate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piclidenoson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piclidenoson (page does not exist)">Piclidenoson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regadenoson" title="Regadenoson">Regadenoson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SDZ_WAG_994&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SDZ WAG 994 (page does not exist)">SDZ WAG 994</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selodenoson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selodenoson (page does not exist)">Selodenoson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonedenoson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonedenoson (page does not exist)">Sonedenoson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tecadenoson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tecadenoson (page does not exist)">Tecadenoson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trabodenoson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trabodenoson (page does not exist)">Trabodenoson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK-432,097" title="UK-432,097">UK-432,097</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Antagonists:</b> <a href="/wiki/3-Chlorostyrylcaffeine" title="3-Chlorostyrylcaffeine">3-Chlorostyrylcaffeine (CSC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7-Methylxanthine" title="7-Methylxanthine">7-Methylxanthine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-Chlorotheophylline" title="8-Chlorotheophylline">8-Chlorotheophylline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8-Phenyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8-Phenyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (page does not exist)">8-Phenyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-Phenyltheophylline" title="8-Phenyltheophylline">8-Phenyltheophylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acefylline" title="Acefylline">Acefylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminophylline" title="Aminophylline">Aminophylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATL-444" title="ATL-444">ATL-444</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD-4635&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD-4635 (page does not exist)">AZD-4635</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamifylline" title="Bamifylline">Bamifylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cafedrine" title="Cafedrine">Cafedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">Caffeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine_citrate" title="Caffeine citrate">Caffeine citrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartazolate" title="Cartazolate">Cartazolate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CGH-2466&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CGH-2466 (page does not exist)">CGH-2466</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGS-15943" title="CGS-15943">CGS-15943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choline_theophyllinate" title="Choline theophyllinate">Choline theophyllinate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciforadenant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciforadenant (page does not exist)">Ciforadenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine" title="8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine">CPX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CVT-6883&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CVT-6883 (page does not exist)">CVT-6883</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethazan" title="Dimethazan">Dimethazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMPX" title="DMPX">DMPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine" class="mw-redirect" title="8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine">DPCPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyphylline" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyphylline">Dyphylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enprofylline" title="Enprofylline">Enprofylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etazolate" title="Etazolate">Etazolate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrumadenant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etrumadenant (page does not exist)">Etrumadenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenethylline" title="Fenethylline">Fenethylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBMX" title="IBMX">IBMX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imaradenant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imaradenant (page does not exist)">Imaradenant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inupadenant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inupadenant (page does not exist)">Inupadenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISAM-140" title="ISAM-140">ISAM-140</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISAM-R316&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISAM-R316 (page does not exist)">ISAM-R316</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isovaleric_acid" title="Isovaleric acid">Isovaleric acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istradefylline" title="Istradefylline">Istradefylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KF-26777" title="KF-26777">KF-26777</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_AA41063" title="Lu AA41063">Lu AA41063</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_AA47070" title="Lu AA47070">Lu AA47070</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRE3008F20" class="mw-redirect" title="MRE3008F20">MRE3008F20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRS-1191" class="mw-redirect" title="MRS-1191">MRS-1191</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-1220&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-1220 (page does not exist)">MRS-1220</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-1334&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-1334 (page does not exist)">MRS-1334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRS-1523" class="mw-redirect" title="MRS-1523">MRS-1523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRS-1706" title="MRS-1706">MRS-1706</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-1754&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-1754 (page does not exist)">MRS-1754</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-3777&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-3777 (page does not exist)">MRS-3777</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX-2" title="MSX-2">MSX-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX-3" title="MSX-3">MSX-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX-4" title="MSX-4">MSX-4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muvadenant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muvadenant (page does not exist)">Muvadenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraxanthine" title="Paraxanthine">Paraxanthine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentoxifylline" title="Pentoxifylline">Pentoxifylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preladenant" title="Preladenant">Preladenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propentofylline" title="Propentofylline">Propentofylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxyphylline" title="Proxyphylline">Proxyphylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSB-10" title="PSB-10">PSB-10</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-11 (page does not exist)">PSB-11</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-36&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-36 (page does not exist)">PSB-36</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-603&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-603 (page does not exist)">PSB-603</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-788&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-788 (page does not exist)">PSB-788</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-1115&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-1115 (page does not exist)">PSB-1115</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-1901&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-1901 (page does not exist)">PSB-1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversine" title="Reversine">Reversine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolofylline" title="Rolofylline">Rolofylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCH-442,416" title="SCH-442,416">SCH-442,416</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCH-58261" title="SCH-58261">SCH-58261</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sipagladenant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sipagladenant (page does not exist)">Sipagladenant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taminadenant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taminadenant (page does not exist)">Taminadenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theacrine" title="Theacrine">Theacrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobromine" title="Theobromine">Theobromine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodrenaline" title="Theodrenaline">Theodrenaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophylline" title="Theophylline">Theophylline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tozadenant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tozadenant (page does not exist)">Tozadenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracazolate" title="Tracazolate">Tracazolate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vipadenant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vipadenant (page does not exist)">Vipadenant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VUF-5574&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VUF-5574 (page does not exist)">VUF-5574</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZM-241,385" title="ZM-241,385">ZM-241,385</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/P2_receptor" title="P2 receptor">P2</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Nucleotide" title="Nucleotide">nucleotide</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/P2X_purinoreceptor" title="P2X purinoreceptor">P2X</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate" title="Adenosine triphosphate"><abbr title="Adenosine triphosphate">ATP</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Adenosine triphosphate</span>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Methylthio-ATP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Methylthio-ATP (page does not exist)">2-Me-SATP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%91,%CE%B2-Methylene-ATP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Α,β-Methylene-ATP (page does not exist)">α,β-Me-ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine" title="Adenosine">Adenosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate" title="Adenosine diphosphate">ADP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_monophosphate" title="Adenosine monophosphate">AMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadenosine_tetraphosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Diadenosine tetraphosphate">Ap4A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diadenosine_pentaphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diadenosine pentaphosphate (page does not exist)">Ap5A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate" title="Adenosine triphosphate">ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adenosine-5%27-(%CE%B3-thio)-triphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adenosine-5'-(γ-thio)-triphosphate (page does not exist)">ATPγS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BzATP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BzATP (page does not exist)">BzATP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cibacron_blue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cibacron blue (page does not exist)">Cibacron blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytidine_triphosphate" title="Cytidine triphosphate">CTP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D-%CE%B2,%CE%B3-Me-ATP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D-β,γ-Me-ATP (page does not exist)">D-β,γ-Me-ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanosine_triphosphate" title="Guanosine triphosphate">GTP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HT-AMP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HT-AMP (page does not exist)">HT-AMP</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ivermectin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L-%CE%B2,%CE%B3-Me-ATP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L-β,γ-Me-ATP (page does not exist)">L-β,γ-Me-ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2219&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2219 (page does not exist)">MRS-2219</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PAPET-ATP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PAPET-ATP (page does not exist)">PAPET-ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uridine_triphosphate" title="Uridine triphosphate">UTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Antagonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=5-BDBD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5-BDBD (page does not exist)">5-BDBD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-317491&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-317491 (page does not exist)">A-317491</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-438079&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-438079 (page does not exist)">A-438079</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-740003&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-740003 (page does not exist)">A-740003</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-804598&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-804598 (page does not exist)">A-804598</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-839977&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-839977 (page does not exist)">A-839977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AF-353" title="AF-353">AF-353</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZ-10606120&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZ-10606120 (page does not exist)">AZ-10606120</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZ-11645373&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZ-11645373 (page does not exist)">AZ-11645373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brilliant_Blue_G" class="mw-redirect" title="Brilliant Blue G">BBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calmidazolium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calmidazolium (page does not exist)">Calmidazolium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelerythrine" title="Chelerythrine">Chelerythrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emodin" title="Emodin">Emodin</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Rheum_officinale" title="Rheum officinale">Rheum officinale</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evans_blue_(dye)" title="Evans blue (dye)">Evans blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefapixant" title="Gefapixant">Gefapixant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GW-791343&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GW-791343 (page does not exist)">GW-791343</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5-(N,N-Hexamethylene)amiloride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5-(N,N-Hexamethylene)amiloride (page does not exist)">HMA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diinosine_pentaphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diinosine pentaphosphate (page does not exist)">Ip5I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IsoPPADS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IsoPPADS (page does not exist)">isoPPADS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JNJ-47965567&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JNJ-47965567 (page does not exist)">JNJ-47965567</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KN-04&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KN-04 (page does not exist)">KN-04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KN-62" title="KN-62">KN-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2159&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2159 (page does not exist)">MRS-2159</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NF-023&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NF-023 (page does not exist)">NF-023</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NF-110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NF-110 (page does not exist)">NF-110</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NF-157&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NF-157 (page does not exist)">NF-157</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NF-279&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NF-279 (page does not exist)">NF-279</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NF-449&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NF-449 (page does not exist)">NF-449</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opiranserin" title="Opiranserin">Opiranserin (VVZ-149)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxidized-ATP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxidized-ATP (page does not exist)">Oxidized-ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenol_Red" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenol Red">Phenol Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenolphthalein" title="Phenolphthalein">Phenolphthalein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PPADS" title="PPADS">PPADS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPNDS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PPNDS (page does not exist)">PPNDS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-12062&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-12062 (page does not exist)">PSB-12062</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerarin" title="Puerarin">Puerarin</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Radix_puerariae" class="mw-redirect" title="Radix puerariae">Radix puerariae</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Purotoxin_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purotoxin 1 (page does not exist)">Purotoxin 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reactive_Blue_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reactive Blue 2 (page does not exist)">RB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro_0437626&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ro 0437626 (page does not exist)">Ro 0437626</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro_51&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ro 51 (page does not exist)">Ro 51</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RO-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RO-3 (page does not exist)">RO-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_ferulate" title="Sodium ferulate">Sodium ferulate</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Angelica_sinensis" title="Angelica sinensis">Angelica sinensis</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ligusticum_wallichii" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligusticum wallichii">Ligusticum wallichii</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suramin" title="Suramin">Suramin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TC-P_262&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TC-P 262 (page does not exist)">TC-P 262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetramethylpyrazine" title="Tetramethylpyrazine">Tetramethylpyrazine (ligustrazine)</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ligusticum_wallichii" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligusticum wallichii">Ligusticum wallichii</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNP-ATP" title="TNP-ATP">TNP-ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/P2Y_receptor" title="P2Y receptor">P2Y</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Methylthioladenosine_diphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Methylthioladenosine diphosphate (page does not exist)">2-Me-SADP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Methylthioadenosine_triphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Methylthioadenosine triphosphate (page does not exist)">2-Me-SATP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Thio-UTP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Thio-UTP (page does not exist)">2-Thio-UTP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5-Bromouridine_5%E2%80%B2-diphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5-Bromouridine 5′-diphosphate (page does not exist)">5-Br-UDP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5-OMe-UDP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5-OMe-UDP (page does not exist)">5-OMe-UDP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%91,%CE%B2-Methylene-ATP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Α,β-Methylene-ATP (page does not exist)">α,β-Me-ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine" title="Adenosine">Adenosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate" title="Adenosine diphosphate">ADP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adenosine-5%27-(%CE%B2-thio)-diphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adenosine-5'-(β-thio)-diphosphate (page does not exist)">ADPβS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diadenosine_triphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diadenosine triphosphate (page does not exist)">Ap3A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AR-C_67085MX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AR-C 67085MX (page does not exist)">AR-C 67085MX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate" title="Adenosine triphosphate">ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adenosine-5%27-(%CE%B3-thio)-triphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adenosine-5'-(γ-thio)-triphosphate (page does not exist)">ATPγS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytidine_triphosphate" title="Cytidine triphosphate">CTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deoxyadenosine_triphosphate" title="Deoxyadenosine triphosphate">dATP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denufosol" title="Denufosol">Denufosol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diquafosol" title="Diquafosol">Diquafosol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inosine_diphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inosine diphosphate (page does not exist)">IDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inosine_triphosphate" title="Inosine triphosphate">ITP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS-365" class="mw-redirect" title="INS-365">INS-365</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=INS-37217&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="INS-37217 (page does not exist)">INS-37217</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2365&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2365 (page does not exist)">MRS-2365</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2690&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2690 (page does not exist)">MRS-2690</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2693&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2693 (page does not exist)">MRS-2693</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2768&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2768 (page does not exist)">MRS-2768</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2957&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2957 (page does not exist)">MRS-2957</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-4062&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-4062 (page does not exist)">MRS-4062</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NF-546&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NF-546 (page does not exist)">NF-546</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PAPET-ATP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PAPET-ATP (page does not exist)">PAPET-ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-0474&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-0474 (page does not exist)">PSB-0474</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-1114&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-1114 (page does not exist)">PSB-1114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uridine_diphosphate" title="Uridine diphosphate">UDP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uridine_5%C2%B4-(%CE%B2-thio)-diphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uridine 5´-(β-thio)-diphosphate (page does not exist)">UDPβS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uridine_diphosphate_galactose" title="Uridine diphosphate galactose">UDP-galactose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uridine_diphosphate_glucose" title="Uridine diphosphate glucose">UDP-glucose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uridine_diphosphate_N-acetylglucosamine" title="Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine">UDP-N-acetylglucosamine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diuridine_triphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diuridine triphosphate (page does not exist)">Up3U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uridine_triphosphate" title="Uridine triphosphate">UTP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uridine-5%27-(%CE%B3-thio)-triphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uridine-5'-(γ-thio)-triphosphate (page does not exist)">UTPγS</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Antagonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Methylthioladenosine_monophosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Methylthioladenosine monophosphate (page does not exist)">2-Me-SAMP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A3P5PS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A3P5PS (page does not exist)">A3P5PS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AMP%CE%B1S&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AMPαS (page does not exist)">AMPαS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadenosine_tetraphosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Diadenosine tetraphosphate">Ap4A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AR-C_66096&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AR-C 66096 (page does not exist)">AR-C 66096</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AR-C_67085MX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AR-C 67085MX (page does not exist)">AR-C 67085MX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AR-C_69931MX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AR-C 69931MX (page does not exist)">AR-C 69931MX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AR-C_118925XX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AR-C 118925XX (page does not exist)">AR-C 118925XX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate" title="Adenosine triphosphate">ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BzATP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BzATP (page does not exist)">BzATP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C1330-7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C1330-7 (page does not exist)">C1330-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangrelor" title="Cangrelor">Cangrelor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clopidogrel" title="Clopidogrel">Clopidogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elinogrel" title="Elinogrel">Elinogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diinosine_pentaphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diinosine pentaphosphate (page does not exist)">Ip5I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2179&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2179 (page does not exist)">MRS-2179</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2211&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2211 (page does not exist)">MRS-2211</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2279&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2279 (page does not exist)">MRS-2279</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2395&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2395 (page does not exist)">MRS-2395</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2500&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2500 (page does not exist)">MRS-2500</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2578&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2578 (page does not exist)">MRS-2578</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NF-157&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NF-157 (page does not exist)">NF-157</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NF-340&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NF-340 (page does not exist)">NF-340</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2,2%27-Pyridylisatogen_tosylate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2,2'-Pyridylisatogen tosylate (page does not exist)">PIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PPADS" title="PPADS">PPADS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasugrel" title="Prasugrel">Prasugrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-0739&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-0739 (page does not exist)">PSB-0739</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reactive_Blue_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reactive Blue 2 (page does not exist)">RB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regrelor" title="Regrelor">Regrelor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suramin" title="Suramin">Suramin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticagrelor" title="Ticagrelor">Ticagrelor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticlopidine" title="Ticlopidine">Ticlopidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uridine_diphosphate" title="Uridine diphosphate">UDP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Membrane_transport_protein" title="Membrane transport protein">Transporter</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Reuptake_inhibitor" title="Reuptake inhibitor">blockers</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Concentrative_nucleoside_transporters" class="mw-redirect" title="Concentrative nucleoside transporters"><abbr title="Concentrative nucleoside transporters">CNTs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Concentrative nucleoside transporters</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6-Hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6-Hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (page does not exist)">6-Hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine" title="Adenosine">Adenosine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DMeThPmR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DMeThPmR (page does not exist)">dMeThPmR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estradiol" title="Estradiol">Estradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KGO-2142&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KGO-2142 (page does not exist)">KGO-2142</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KGO-2173&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KGO-2173 (page does not exist)">KGO-2173</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MeThPmR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MeThPmR (page does not exist)">MeThPmR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phloridzin" class="mw-redirect" title="Phloridzin">Phloridzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Equilibrative_nucleoside_transporters" class="mw-redirect" title="Equilibrative nucleoside transporters"><abbr title="Equilibrative nucleoside transporters">ENTs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Equilibrative nucleoside transporters</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbiturate" title="Barbiturate">Barbiturates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">Benzodiazepines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilostazol" title="Cilostazol">Cilostazol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilazep" title="Dilazep">Dilazep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipyridamole" title="Dipyridamole">Dipyridamole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estradiol" title="Estradiol">Estradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexobendine" title="Hexobendine">Hexobendine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6-S-((4-Nitrophenyl)methyl)-6-thioinosine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6-S-((4-Nitrophenyl)methyl)-6-thioinosine (page does not exist)">NBMPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentoxifylline" title="Pentoxifylline">Pentoxifylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propentofylline" title="Propentofylline">Propentofylline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Plasma_membrane_monoamine_transporter" title="Plasma membrane monoamine transporter"><abbr title="Plasma membrane monoamine transporter">PMAT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Plasma membrane monoamine transporter</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decynium-22" title="Decynium-22">Decynium-22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzyme</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">inhibitors</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Xanthine_oxidase" title="Xanthine oxidase"><abbr title="Xanthine oxidase">XO</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Xanthine oxidase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allopurinol" title="Allopurinol">Allopurinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amflutizole" title="Amflutizole">Amflutizole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzbromarone" title="Benzbromarone">Benzbromarone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeic_acid" title="Caffeic acid">Caffeic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamaldehyde" title="Cinnamaldehyde">Cinnamaldehyde</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_osmophloeum" title="Cinnamomum osmophloeum">Cinnamomum osmophloeum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Febuxostat" title="Febuxostat">Febuxostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myo-inositol" class="mw-redirect" title="Myo-inositol">Myo-inositol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaempferol" title="Kaempferol">Kaempferol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myricetin" title="Myricetin">Myricetin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niraxostat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niraxostat (page does not exist)">Niraxostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxipurinol" title="Oxipurinol">Oxipurinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytic_acid" title="Phytic acid">Phytic acid</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pistacia_integerrima" title="Pistacia integerrima">Pistacia integerrima</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propolis" title="Propolis">Propolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quercetin" title="Quercetin">Quercetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisopurine" title="Tisopurine">Tisopurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topiroxostat" title="Topiroxostat">Topiroxostat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aminopterin" title="Aminopterin">Aminopterin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azathioprine" title="Azathioprine">Azathioprine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methotrexate" title="Methotrexate">Methotrexate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycophenolic_acid" title="Mycophenolic acid">Mycophenolic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemetrexed" title="Pemetrexed">Pemetrexed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pralatrexate" title="Pralatrexate">Pralatrexate</a></li> <li><i>Many others</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Precursors:</b> <a href="/wiki/Adenine" title="Adenine">Adenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine" title="Adenosine">Adenosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_monophosphate" title="Adenosine monophosphate">AMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate" title="Adenosine diphosphate">ADP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate" title="Adenosine triphosphate">ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytosine" title="Cytosine">Cytosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytidine" title="Cytidine">Cytidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytidine_monophosphate" title="Cytidine monophosphate">CMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytidine_diphosphate" title="Cytidine diphosphate">CDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytidine_triphosphate" title="Cytidine triphosphate">CTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanine" title="Guanine">Guanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanosine" title="Guanosine">Guanosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanosine_monophosphate" title="Guanosine monophosphate">GMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanosine_diphosphate" title="Guanosine diphosphate">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanosine_triphosphate" title="Guanosine triphosphate">GTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoxanthine" title="Hypoxanthine">Hypoxanthine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inosine" title="Inosine">Inosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inosine_monophosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Inosine monophosphate">IMP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inosine_diphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inosine diphosphate (page does not exist)">IDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inosine_triphosphate" title="Inosine triphosphate">ITP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribose" title="Ribose">Ribose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uracil" title="Uracil">Uracil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uridine" title="Uridine">Uridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uridine_monophosphate" title="Uridine monophosphate">UMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uridine_diphosphate" title="Uridine diphosphate">UDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uridine_triphosphate" title="Uridine triphosphate">UTP</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Others:</b> <a href="/wiki/Chrysophanol" title="Chrysophanol">Chrysophanol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rhubarb" title="Rhubarb">rhubarb</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/8px-WHO_Rod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/12px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/16px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="250" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Medicine</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415178#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85069082">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007529374705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&oldid=1259805773">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&oldid=1259805773</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Acaricides" title="Category:Acaricides">Acaricides</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Antiparasitic_agents" title="Category:Antiparasitic agents">Antiparasitic agents</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:GABAA_receptor_positive_allosteric_modulators" title="Category:GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators">GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Glycine_receptor_agonists" title="Category:Glycine receptor agonists">Glycine receptor agonists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Insecticides" title="Category:Insecticides">Insecticides</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_inventions" title="Category:Japanese inventions">Japanese inventions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Macrolides" title="Category:Macrolides">Macrolides</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Drugs_developed_by_Merck_%26_Co." title="Category:Drugs developed by Merck & Co.">Drugs developed by Merck & Co.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nicotinic_agonists" title="Category:Nicotinic agonists">Nicotinic agonists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peripherally_selective_drugs" title="Category:Peripherally selective drugs">Peripherally selective drugs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Veterinary_drugs" title="Category:Veterinary drugs">Veterinary drugs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_Health_Organization_essential_medicines" title="Category:World Health Organization essential medicines">World Health Organization essential medicines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chloride_channel_openers" title="Category:Chloride channel openers">Chloride channel openers</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_May_2016" title="Category:Use American English from May 2016">Use American English from May 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_July_2024" title="Category:Use mdy dates from July 2024">Use mdy dates from July 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Drugs_with_non-standard_legal_status" title="Category:Drugs with non-standard legal status">Drugs with non-standard legal status</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ECHA_InfoCard_ID_from_Wikidata" title="Category:ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata">ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Infobox-drug_molecular-weight_unexpected-character" title="Category:Infobox-drug molecular-weight unexpected-character">Infobox-drug molecular-weight unexpected-character</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chemical_articles_having_Jmol_set/None" title="Category:Chemical articles having Jmol set/None">Chemical articles having Jmol set/None</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chemical_articles_having_Jmol_set" title="Category:Chemical articles having Jmol set">Chemical articles having Jmol set</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Drugboxes_which_contain_changes_to_verified_fields" title="Category:Drugboxes which contain changes to verified fields">Drugboxes which contain changes to verified fields</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Drugboxes_which_contain_changes_to_watched_fields" title="Category:Drugboxes which contain changes to watched fields">Drugboxes which contain changes to watched fields</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_excerpts" title="Category:Articles with excerpts">Articles with excerpts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2019" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_medicine_articles_ready_to_translate" title="Category:Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate">Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 November 2024, at 03:58<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivermectin&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-74b564977c-fklrb","wgBackendResponseTime":178,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.912","walltime":"2.269","ppvisitednodes":{"value":14750,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":785476,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":132921,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":623597,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1797.995 1 -total"," 44.75% 804.628 3 Template:Reflist"," 21.63% 388.885 72 Template:Cite_journal"," 19.42% 349.122 1 Template:Drugbox"," 15.20% 273.322 1 Template:Infobox"," 11.08% 199.205 37 Template:Cite_web"," 6.51% 117.137 10 Template:Navbox"," 5.85% 105.135 1 Template:Excerpt"," 4.91% 88.223 20 Template:Cite_book"," 4.34% 78.106 1 Template:Other_dermatological_preparations"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.061","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11285179,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","240","21.1"],["?","220","19.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","160","14.0"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","80","7.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","80","7.0"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","60","5.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","60","5.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","60","5.3"],["? \u003CModule:Citation/CS1/COinS:160\u003E","40","3.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::unstripNoWiki","40","3.5"],["[others]","100","8.8"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-5f67bcf949-dsrwj","timestamp":"20241127080405","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ivermectin","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivermectin","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q415178","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q415178","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-10-30T10:29:37Z","dateModified":"2024-11-27T03:58:21Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/3d\/Ivermectin_skeletal.svg","headline":"antiparasite medication"}</script> </body> </html>