CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913572069f289b9f',cH: 'DkDENlPP20uBB_.TXsKNIamUQPpCyKpUSprLlOfwG70-1739791826-1.2.1.1-rgDyabgo9W9BbUO4oypiPYgGLMGcamXZE3QMyhcSgRFTM5t8kRHCL9ACsoS.zR0X',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=demand%20forecasting&__cf_chl_tk=vZB.bcBJA3KTpMvv1zTpI34JwMTQeDVTeLSx5QpmwRM-1739791826-1.0.1.1-vSmo9Nn0XAU41E1x4X04kfN3c0KF0t6PdPh5VhwWxyA",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739791826',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=demand%20forecasting&__cf_chl_f_tk=vZB.bcBJA3KTpMvv1zTpI34JwMTQeDVTeLSx5QpmwRM-1739791826-1.0.1.1-vSmo9Nn0XAU41E1x4X04kfN3c0KF0t6PdPh5VhwWxyA",md: "oRUL1AsoVNvqWXOOETNo9DB3kWWQOSoeWsSfkVYOE8E-1739791826-1.2.1.1-xahp8oxBEw425EGRP0TN.BuPJ_t7bVklWiXalqqy5uJXfBMh9Xu0ev_iXWxtrwQbiPhEOUGwP0G7wH_1gydHbYHOcLpQrwFyExxNpPCHxJG22UA.J1VyxcI.34c8AlwE8g9iT9bkXO4dFdYKGSVIW5rA5BTOuSLXipw8URabZypCub3HwaL1y1yNL.PBMJSAijJplSYGpmN.KhO_xESA2kKoXf8dS9NUdfECZs5lDEmuqWIEgbCJ_a6Q4JwTO2qRGbow8bh6.aUadvI6NgTWJ6Cf1hubgc05qWgbAi5ia0H.EzhChO8aOTSRt4eKTmXpw1NZf.iN2Xy.TW_QcvfxMFqY_k6mdgSBTHQedtO9LwjcXTTwpGsdQ6Q1qejgGV.ZpPMF2iz4qvrD3qcNdvCzPuDWLPPxaImmJwSB8CGJXEqUaI8sDq018LWkyQKQnGjSiaskwHEkWeTCjAfvBEwr3AAAaKNAXTgzus7uKmhAW8I9cnxus0DMY927o2gN5P9uL8T8KSvac3CMW_AcahbEXTE9aZAGfOJjv2AEPk0nkIccliAnTzYj1M4IDkQcW0uG0Vw.IChQv1lu9e_gfqnzfDQWGGmFpbP8XpdBky81cJHCWHZxFsztULqDgejfF42kPxmDvVVJSDr2z9Y1GGI0.ekCD2gsfomJxAEpdABMRzLrdkthJggM1bAxZr1NNWWeuCu_LdEG_RTPVe7HRL6NTuAJYeFFLHiKeyCqYvCypI_LewvD9A0QA0Kf2pnBXLTi66gSiaFLPRVv0JhZTIe1O4DatgSkg_sSUf2Rt0RBGROlRywjLhGM5RVhdI4NID45FT9iopI9ndhGfBAPzJyePAPFVscX_liCKNqS28doBW5LLGgEiJkN0Dk7wPjQ8mMmnz1AQKrRMD2YzB18FvRy.nJsRswuk3J6Zb3gsh1uA.V_M23_8muT1QLrZjGU6JHLIp1A_zcF74vhK3Bdnre6k4QYjlXbxIJdB7kgOmGqZkN56kN02z.a0SZMvBtKqxIL37npZd3wuw7j6rvv8h5U91DU1MdhAJLQtlE.FW160x4f6.gBJW0NUQj5tG26mC4e11MsOE9jH.KfMDxi4.bYWsGK9vjZrFVZ24JX45WGv4ip3KHRc6Nb89Pa9GCSD88eNnry9xJ4g.FXD_2aln6oayH8a1zWaGTohoYE3B7vCt7JTXP2G_iOgLY3NC7Km7tGJhgO7uHdQ2HjPpSTBEqCMEAI7gxu7CWjNwAEXCgqoJP2J1AH20GfFmJb6wQktY33GKlLEZj.oVsOzpThxrOHi_iR9Vs4oI488euWWINYyhydAoFBGW1flcKThQ_jaKH.dsSz_nVl26W1IYQ0PpY_kkKL4dgAPhWPnUQDjXVq7ig3ULEdI73.v6ctjql42GY39u.6XvBOU169e57dgYKS0fon5qkJjoPqKcXv05E_Br5VVib5V4X90ISHqtWzanoGlWIJ9n3KaD7RxT6UK3wQLzsutGAU0Iu804o9TCr10OZN7jh4YYs8E_kKDSloQ0VyFRsVr.jhZI5H5SeJTiWzS8kSsCyBUygmkApSaxYZTFxgnDdYlZmlDx9.DkzEQ.iiTzwDQkzzUTDtcZbfsPU9pxg6zcyW66Bar8wlYpH.VAyPPjZM1SJJWaKs5i.1gS97SkxrgeVCfylXHG8b1264wA4povGILjgxr8LqyvVOfZTCpCabDF1w9vE.wuWIsTIFNgKx7y5jSs4fUUX_BB9dJPItquwSa81Cw3XJlcfICcnWtzmz07C0xHC2HQ8QpPw6waGIlUIWsVol6vwbfm6.Br2x2tyIxBFaJgFexLWybr5Cm8PAPIfelZGmXILaoPYxgx5hlSsNgJqgSXQeRnOK4MxtokBhnvdcRazDd9U4OY9SOlTL8tZKd2T7bz4x9zg3OW6jKfuQ7ValPp5wTpF_D5g_UwegLFN4TGC_fzRLFho",mdrd: "GSi3I.Zuh8yD4YN7e_ptor30Fu6BWhjLFm4ZbjNKbpQ-1739791826-1.2.1.1-iIvvIJKcdID.osLE8CknVlL1.AOuD57jFmjrbxGgptmJz37XdZiuXkycoGGf50arQ_6Iykj7MgmQ9PbIfGbnAuqq1SabwRy9VoiAckRLwRi.X3CefVDFDKNpu6kpZDP99PJ_68kY2DV7LwpePUGSsFGALywn61xbHKT3mEMXZ.4xPeoxjdXaZ2.YZZEITpFXi4jw.ROMaUXiV0pyRWLWfs6G.InMB9mywnEUvU_cw3lZFX3xB9W.zFxL2qQBm4VEAJpAWcKikz0SEHtsw3cY3LA6pdnZZD9DWIsrvCAk1BG2FdmLIKJJK0ZOMgyzDzu394CVy9A_v6hQrKGx76lLouohceLVhGu1S8Bch.UUxNNNjE6JLshzcrbX3G3YAZ6KBxUxsVG0bbbA6mp1D2P3VW5JUikgCZReQTsxVoBgX8fpYe8_MTwPggElWu2QU57TxHmGdmeKcgdU51J.HkzQkHwBoWEO_gyUHGe7DbS.fdHVTkUS_4sCJL8Ih3k3hSAyssrbkgax2dA0XpYsb82QazpXLMQl3hUrz.fJknuIyevMfm.iP.Wx9rZQkcMhtbNbXpn1S90Bpcc9lLZVt7rNRnbTLcFV_aaTQW5xN736vOFvp4bS6pOIEPcNVnoNWpZG_y8P0Q4R3WD81PpXg6y.G1ue3mDNvZoLqeIB4qh8HO0xSvzJw1TwkqREQBdX.hfstOLPeH6njh1zFOknrkzSJsKhuKcChTF0HwDIDCUiELbXD717JLy1C1lelTB9LG2gdAdX.NeYT0mKjCJNrP_e3HYU71yCG.oZ34NMA5bw.9vlEawQUL174qK4oX9zMU_fsUVMpp48W5hy1bUCLM87W2xr.KY6f.3TLIWYJrgCMA8UqZvBzAeGQIiJwZ8Xwsdwuz2pbHaELsApAUfXSZ74b3n1ef.xp0Hglc7OTc3fjVTSaOJpqoMVb3q1JU1HDyQjjQ.zWciX.R6NgFn2palc6rdnSPGstGJo7MlMnS3JBRzWcd70ByFSAfqI7iNsx40TsHbc38s_xdDWqawRRqh4ygGXfM90u3WrA5P.xC.G.mXpJfD.uGACl7vxiw5Vq.AFCGDLi7QXE5CriLpkQABqrBiPbfd0d88DdNC9DQ.nK7uhXmOkLS4ok99epcPCX_0W3sy_1GtKj8MFkie9XJUSWMgvrxbppr3prGJvoCC1uTdUArJTEzcqNBS0CiMziqOpm.zaxPkkuDXKHIj45r4I9zRp2ra8E2gha3xQxpGW79n4MDCV23XyPwgIPnbDoTZTohLi7cUY2WSvvgcG3ySvtpvNoRyVssAZOK5n7AqzlGL4.Ra1HImsqXpITvonpHFAE7LEn9MaIY0UwZulPNEuG8BChPs88FshqhPdw1nK__vz4q1lfBCwngbWXKEOJ78wPy4aYkp5aWCVWbNIeAPzFtZFgtUWY.a0LAzixVSwII_JxyEpcLD1bK_Y7epy9AQatuoMLhrfIELeCZmrfxi_dMuTz6tHgBV4aU7rHB9l03sLlV.BwIJvAh1RFoyRQD1zgD5Shlug5oU7Tx7ULwhQdntYgM_M9TRwFk8ZpaQc7ALQznRICdoqspqDJ9Rb9_nwTXwC51H9vqpvDP41WJH0kOqsTO0wEYkoF74S_MGcNsUWML7W.SFAVhGte.2BtINokZzE0eMYNvCGGD7TNzBPV.oMbMPd69W4rPFJACXHT3nCZzb_JngZSugVwQuJeaXzug98F3ikHpQhUO_O2tZxVPfEW.o2zALG4Qoby5Cdv.gjhtQlHUiaUtzQD8LWATtROys04b0ayTO8VvFV2y6xWl4.vrER1a5MfPHq10CtV_F5e.qekNnsqJQv6lQJuaV1.7xlQHeojwmYOCEZPoZpshiTwDWgVY65QqTvakYJ7FIzeaUFaEWXVT7ZLF4MMg9T91pKUp5YNCTOjT9fLr2lMbXI6SZtYP3gYExejP.d4w8XgYkD5y1cTw_K24I6abgm"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913572069f289b9f';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=demand%20forecasting&__cf_chl_rt_tk=vZB.bcBJA3KTpMvv1zTpI34JwMTQeDVTeLSx5QpmwRM-1739791826-1.0.1.1-vSmo9Nn0XAU41E1x4X04kfN3c0KF0t6PdPh5VhwWxyA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>