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signature verification</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: offline signature verification"> <meta name="keywords" content="offline signature verification"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="offline signature verification"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 929</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: offline signature verification</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">929</span> Offline Signature Verification in Punjabi Based On SURF Features and Critical Point Matching Using HMM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajpal%20Kaur">Rajpal Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pooja%20Choudhary"> Pooja Choudhary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biometrics, which refers to identifying an individual based on his or her physiological or behavioral characteristics, has the capabilities to the reliably distinguish between an authorized person and an imposter. The Signature recognition systems can categorized as offline (static) and online (dynamic). This paper presents Surf Feature based recognition of offline signatures system that is trained with low-resolution scanned signature images. The signature of a person is an important biometric attribute of a human being which can be used to authenticate human identity. However the signatures of human can be handled as an image and recognized using computer vision and HMM techniques. With modern computers, there is need to develop fast algorithms for signature recognition. There are multiple techniques are defined to signature recognition with a lot of scope of research. In this paper, (static signature) off-line signature recognition & verification using surf feature with HMM is proposed, where the signature is captured and presented to the user in an image format. Signatures are verified depended on parameters extracted from the signature using various image processing techniques. The Off-line Signature Verification and Recognition is implemented using Mat lab platform. This work has been analyzed or tested and found suitable for its purpose or result. The proposed method performs better than the other recently proposed methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offline%20signature%20verification" title="offline signature verification">offline signature verification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offline%20signature%20recognition" title=" offline signature recognition"> offline signature recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signatures" title=" signatures"> signatures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SURF%20features" title=" SURF features"> SURF features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HMM" title=" HMM "> HMM </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20259/offline-signature-verification-in-punjabi-based-on-surf-features-and-critical-point-matching-using-hmm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20259.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">928</span> Offline Signature Verification Using Minutiae and Curvature Orientation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Nagaty">Khaled Nagaty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20Nagaty"> Heba Nagaty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerard%20McKee"> Gerard McKee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A signature is a behavioral biometric that is used for authenticating users in most financial and legal transactions. Signatures can be easily forged by skilled forgers. Therefore, it is essential to verify whether a signature is genuine or forged. The aim of any signature verification algorithm is to accommodate the differences between signatures of the same person and increase the ability to discriminate between signatures of different persons. This work presented in this paper proposes an automatic signature verification system to indicate whether a signature is genuine or not. The system comprises four phases: (1) The pre-processing phase in which image scaling, binarization, image rotation, dilation, thinning, and connecting ridge breaks are applied. (2) The feature extraction phase in which global and local features are extracted. The local features are minutiae points, curvature orientation, and curve plateau. The global features are signature area, signature aspect ratio, and Hu moments. (3) The post-processing phase, in which false minutiae are removed. (4) The classification phase in which features are enhanced before feeding it into the classifier. k-nearest neighbors and support vector machines are used. The classifier was trained on a benchmark dataset to compare the performance of the proposed offline signature verification system against the state-of-the-art. The accuracy of the proposed system is 92.3%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signature" title="signature">signature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ridge%20breaks" title=" ridge breaks"> ridge breaks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minutiae" title=" minutiae"> minutiae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orientation" title=" orientation"> orientation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132885/offline-signature-verification-using-minutiae-and-curvature-orientation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">927</span> Online Authenticity Verification of a Biometric Signature Using Dynamic Time Warping Method and Neural Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ga%C5%82ka%20Aleksandra">Gałka Aleksandra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeli%C5%84ska%20Justyna"> Jelińska Justyna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masiak%20Albert"> Masiak Albert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walentukiewicz%20Krzysztof"> Walentukiewicz Krzysztof</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An offline signature is well-known however not the safest way to verify identity. Nowadays, to ensure proper authentication, i.e. in banking systems, multimodal verification is more widely used. In this paper the online signature analysis based on dynamic time warping (DTW) coupled with machine learning approaches has been presented. In our research signatures made with biometric pens were gathered. Signature features as well as their forgeries have been described. For verification of authenticity various methods were used including convolutional neural networks using DTW matrix and multilayer perceptron using sums of DTW matrix paths. System efficiency has been evaluated on signatures and signature forgeries collected on the same day. Results are presented and discussed in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20time%20warping" title="dynamic time warping">dynamic time warping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=handwritten%20signature%20verification" title=" handwritten signature verification"> handwritten signature verification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature-based%20recognition" title=" feature-based recognition"> feature-based recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20signature" title=" online signature"> online signature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153364/online-authenticity-verification-of-a-biometric-signature-using-dynamic-time-warping-method-and-neural-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153364.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">926</span> Triangular Geometric Feature for Offline Signature Verification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zuraidasahana%20Zulkarnain">Zuraidasahana Zulkarnain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Shafry%20Mohd%20Rahim"> Mohd Shafry Mohd Rahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nor%20Anita%20Fairos%20Ismail"> Nor Anita Fairos Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Azhar%20M.%20Arsad"> Mohd Azhar M. Arsad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Handwritten signature is accepted widely as a biometric characteristic for personal authentication. The use of appropriate features plays an important role in determining accuracy of signature verification; therefore, this paper presents a feature based on the geometrical concept. To achieve the aim, triangle attributes are exploited to design a new feature since the triangle possesses orientation, angle and transformation that would improve accuracy. The proposed feature uses triangulation geometric set comprising of sides, angles and perimeter of a triangle which is derived from the center of gravity of a signature image. For classification purpose, Euclidean classifier along with Voting-based classifier is used to verify the tendency of forgery signature. This classification process is experimented using triangular geometric feature and selected global features. Based on an experiment that was validated using Grupo de Senales 960 (GPDS-960) signature database, the proposed triangular geometric feature achieves a lower Average Error Rates (AER) value with a percentage of 34% as compared to 43% of the selected global feature. As a conclusion, the proposed triangular geometric feature proves to be a more reliable feature for accurate signature verification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biometrics" title="biometrics">biometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=euclidean%20classifier" title=" euclidean classifier"> euclidean classifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=features%20extraction" title=" features extraction"> features extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offline%20signature%20verification" title=" offline signature verification"> offline signature verification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voting-based%20classifier" title=" voting-based classifier"> voting-based classifier</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45300/triangular-geometric-feature-for-offline-signature-verification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45300.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">925</span> Signature Verification System for a Banking Business Process Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Rahaf">A. Rahaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Liyakathunsia"> S. Liyakathunsia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In today’s world, unprecedented operational pressure is faced by banks that test the efficiency, effectiveness, and agility of their business processes. In a typical banking process, a person’s authorization is usually based on his signature on most all of the transactions. Signature verification is considered as one of the highly significant information needed for any bank document processing. Banks usually use Signature Verification to authenticate the identity of individuals. In this paper, a business process model has been proposed in order to increase the quality of the verification process and to reduce time and needed resources. In order to understand the current process, a survey has been conducted and distributed among bank employees. After analyzing the survey, a process model has been created using Bizagi modeler which helps in simulating the process after assigning time and cost of it. The outcomes show that the automation of signature verification process is highly recommended for a banking business process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20process%20management" title="business process management">business process management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20modeling" title=" process modeling"> process modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Signature%20Verification" title=" Signature Verification"> Signature Verification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67664/signature-verification-system-for-a-banking-business-process-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">924</span> Application of Signature Verification Models for Document Recognition </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boris%20M.%20Fedorov">Boris M. Fedorov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liudmila%20P.%20Goncharenko"> Liudmila P. Goncharenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20A.%20Sybachin"> Sergey A. Sybachin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalia%20A.%20Mamedova"> Natalia A. Mamedova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ekaterina%20V.%20Makarenkova"> Ekaterina V. Makarenkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saule%20Rakhimova"> Saule Rakhimova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In modern economic conditions, the question of the possibility of correct recognition of a signature on digital documents in order to verify the expression of will or confirm a certain operation is relevant. The additional complexity of processing lies in the dynamic variability of the signature for each individual, as well as in the way information is processed because the signature refers to biometric data. The article discusses the issues of using artificial intelligence models in order to improve the quality of signature confirmation in document recognition. The analysis of several possible options for using the model is carried out. The results of the study are given, in which it is possible to correctly determine the authenticity of the signature on small samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signature%20recognition" title="signature recognition">signature recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biometric%20data" title=" biometric data"> biometric data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131387/application-of-signature-verification-models-for-document-recognition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131387.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">923</span> An Architecture Based on Capsule Networks for the Identification of Handwritten Signature Forgery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luisa%20Mesquita%20Oliveira%20Ribeiro">Luisa Mesquita Oliveira Ribeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexei%20Manso%20Correa%20Machado"> Alexei Manso Correa Machado</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Handwritten signature is a unique form for recognizing an individual, used to discern documents, carry out investigations in the criminal, legal, banking areas and other applications. Signature verification is based on large amounts of biometric data, as they are simple and easy to acquire, among other characteristics. Given this scenario, signature forgery is a worldwide recurring problem and fast and precise techniques are needed to prevent crimes of this nature from occurring. This article carried out a study on the efficiency of the Capsule Network in analyzing and recognizing signatures. The chosen architecture achieved an accuracy of 98.11% and 80.15% for the CEDAR and GPDS databases, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biometrics" title="biometrics">biometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=handwriting" title=" handwriting"> handwriting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signature%20forgery" title=" signature forgery"> signature forgery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172892/an-architecture-based-on-capsule-networks-for-the-identification-of-handwritten-signature-forgery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172892.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">922</span> Abnormal Features of Two Quasiparticle Rotational Bands in Rare Earths</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kawalpreet%20Kalra">Kawalpreet Kalra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alpana%20Goel"> Alpana Goel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The behaviour of the rotational bands should be smooth but due to large amount of inertia and decreased pairing it is not so. Many experiments have been done in the last few decades, and a large amount of data is available for comprehensive study in this region. Peculiar features like signature dependence, signature inversion, and signature reversal are observed in many two quasiparticle rotational bands of doubly odd and doubly even nuclei. At high rotational frequencies, signature and parity are the only two good quantum numbers available to label a state. Signature quantum number is denoted by α. Even-angular momentum states of a rotational band have α =0, and the odd-angular momentum states have α =1. It has been observed that the odd-spin members lie lower in energy up to a certain spin Ic; the normal signature dependence is restored afterwards. This anomalous feature is termed as signature inversion. The systematic of signature inversion in high-j orbitals for doubly odd rare earth nuclei have been done. Many unusual features like signature dependence, signature inversion and signature reversal are observed in rotational bands of even-even/odd-odd nuclei. Attempts have been made to understand these phenomena using several models. These features have been analyzed within the framework of the Two Quasiparticle Plus Rotor Model (TQPRM). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotational%20bands" title="rotational bands">rotational bands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signature%20dependence" title=" signature dependence"> signature dependence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signature%20quantum%20number" title=" signature quantum number"> signature quantum number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20quasiparticle" title=" two quasiparticle"> two quasiparticle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84944/abnormal-features-of-two-quasiparticle-rotational-bands-in-rare-earths" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">921</span> Rounding Technique's Application in Schnorr Signature Algorithm: Known Partially Most Significant Bits of Nonce</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenjie%20Qin">Wenjie Qin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kewei%20Lv"> Kewei Lv</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 1996, Boneh and Venkatesan proposed the Hidden Number Problem (HNP) and proved the most significant bits (MSB) of computational Diffie-Hellman key exchange scheme and related schemes are unpredictable bits. They also gave a method which is a lattice rounding technique to solve HNP in non-uniform model. In this paper, we put forward a new concept that is Schnorr-MSB-HNP. We also reduce the problem of solving Schnorr signature private key with a few consecutive most significant bits of random nonce (used at each signature generation) to Schnorr-MSB-HNP, then we use the rounding technique to solve the Schnorr-MSB-HNP. We have come to the conclusion that if there is a ‘miraculous box’ which inputs the random nonce and outputs 2loglogq (q is a prime number) most significant bits of nonce, the signature private key will be obtained by choosing 2logq signature messages randomly. Thus we get an attack on the Schnorr signature private key. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rounding%20technique" title="rounding technique">rounding technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=most%20significant%20bits" title=" most significant bits"> most significant bits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schnorr%20signature%20algorithm" title=" Schnorr signature algorithm"> Schnorr signature algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonce" title=" nonce"> nonce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schnorr-MSB-HNP" title=" Schnorr-MSB-HNP"> Schnorr-MSB-HNP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67137/rounding-techniques-application-in-schnorr-signature-algorithm-known-partially-most-significant-bits-of-nonce" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67137.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">920</span> Delivery Service and Online-and-Offline Purchasing for Collaborative Recommendations on Retail Cross-Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Liao">S. H. Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Huang"> J. M. Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The delivery service business model is the final link in logistics for both online-and-offline businesses. The online-and-offline business model focuses on the entire customer purchasing process online and offline, placing greater emphasis on the importance of data to optimize overall retail operations. For the retail industry, it is an important task of information and management to strengthen the collection and investigation of consumers' online and offline purchasing data to better understand customers and then recommend products. This study implements two-stage data mining analytics for clustering and association rules analysis to investigate Taiwanese consumers' (n=2,209) preferences for delivery service. This process clarifies online-and-offline purchasing behaviors and preferences to find knowledge profiles/patterns/rules for cross-channel collaborative recommendations. Finally, theoretical and practical implications for methodology and enterprise are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delivery%20service" title="delivery service">delivery service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online-and-offline%20purchasing" title=" online-and-offline purchasing"> online-and-offline purchasing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retail%20cross-channel" title=" retail cross-channel"> retail cross-channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaborative%20recommendations" title=" collaborative recommendations"> collaborative recommendations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining%20analytics" title=" data mining analytics"> data mining analytics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189150/delivery-service-and-online-and-offline-purchasing-for-collaborative-recommendations-on-retail-cross-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189150.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">31</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">919</span> Two Quasiparticle Rotor Model for Deformed Nuclei</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alpana%20Goel">Alpana Goel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kawalpreet%20Kalra"> Kawalpreet Kalra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of level structures of deformed nuclei is the most complex topic in nuclear physics. For the description of level structure, a simple model is good enough to bring out the basic features which may then be further refined. The low lying level structures of these nuclei can, therefore, be understood in terms of Two Quasiparticle plus axially symmetric Rotor Model (TQPRM). The formulation of TQPRM for deformed nuclei has been presented. The analysis of available experimental data on two quasiparticle rotational bands of deformed nuclei present unusual features like signature dependence, odd-even staggering, signature inversion and signature reversal in two quasiparticle rotational bands of deformed nuclei. These signature effects are well discussed within the framework of TQPRM. The model is well efficient in reproducing the large odd-even staggering and anomalous features observed in even-even and odd-odd deformed nuclei. The effect of particle-particle and the Coriolis coupling is well established from the model. Detailed description of the model with implications to deformed nuclei is presented in the paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformed%20nuclei" title="deformed nuclei">deformed nuclei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signature%20effects" title=" signature effects"> signature effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signature%20inversion" title=" signature inversion"> signature inversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signature%20reversal" title=" signature reversal"> signature reversal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84934/two-quasiparticle-rotor-model-for-deformed-nuclei" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">918</span> Novel Formal Verification Based Coverage Augmentation Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surinder%20Sood">Surinder Sood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debajyoti%20Mukherjee"> Debajyoti Mukherjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Formal verification techniques have become widely popular in pre-silicon verification as an alternate to constrain random simulation based techniques. This paper proposed a novel formal verification-based coverage augmentation technique in verifying complex RTL functional verification faster. The proposed approach relies on augmenting coverage analysis coming from simulation and formal verification. Besides this, the functional qualification framework not only helps in improving the coverage at a faster pace but also aids in maturing and qualifying the formal verification infrastructure. The proposed technique has helped to achieve faster verification sign-off, resulting in faster time-to-market. The design picked had a complex control and data path and had many configurable options to meet multiple specification needs. The flow is generic, and tool independent, thereby leveraging across the projects and design will be much easier <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COI%20%28cone%20of%20influence%29" title="COI (cone of influence)">COI (cone of influence)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coverage" title=" coverage"> coverage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formal%20verification" title=" formal verification"> formal verification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20injection" title=" fault injection"> fault injection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159250/novel-formal-verification-based-coverage-augmentation-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159250.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">917</span> Secure Proxy Signature Based on Factoring and Discrete Logarithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20El-Kamchouchi">H. El-Kamchouchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20Gaber"> Heba Gaber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Ahmed"> Fatma Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalia%20H.%20El-Kamchouchi"> Dalia H. El-Kamchouchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A digital signature is an electronic signature form used by an original signer to sign a specific document. When the original signer is not in his office or when he/she travels outside, he/she delegates his signing capability to a proxy signer and then the proxy signer generates a signing message on behalf of the original signer. The two parties must be able to authenticate one another and agree on a secret encryption key, in order to communicate securely over an unreliable public network. Authenticated key agreement protocols have an important role in building a secure communications network between the two parties. In this paper, we present a secure proxy signature scheme over an efficient and secure authenticated key agreement protocol based on factoring and discrete logarithm problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20logarithm" title="discrete logarithm">discrete logarithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factoring" title=" factoring"> factoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proxy%20signature" title=" proxy signature"> proxy signature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=key%20agreement" title=" key agreement"> key agreement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51597/secure-proxy-signature-based-on-factoring-and-discrete-logarithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">916</span> Effect of Clinical Depression on Automatic Speaker Verification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheeraz%20Memon">Sheeraz Memon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Namunu%20C.%20Maddage"> Namunu C. Maddage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Margaret%20Lech"> Margaret Lech</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicholas%20Allen"> Nicholas Allen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of a clinical environment on the accuracy of the speaker verification was tested. The speaker verification tests were performed within homogeneous environments containing clinically depressed speakers only, and non-depresses speakers only, as well as within mixed environments containing different mixtures of both climatically depressed and non-depressed speakers. The speaker verification framework included the MFCCs features and the GMM modeling and classification method. The speaker verification experiments within homogeneous environments showed 5.1% increase of the EER within the clinically depressed environment when compared to the non-depressed environment. It indicated that the clinical depression increases the intra-speaker variability and makes the speaker verification task more challenging. Experiments with mixed environments indicated that the increase of the percentage of the depressed individuals within a mixed environment increases the speaker verification equal error rates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speaker%20verification" title="speaker verification">speaker verification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GMM" title=" GMM"> GMM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EM" title=" EM"> EM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20environment" title=" clinical environment"> clinical environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20depression" title=" clinical depression"> clinical depression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39436/effect-of-clinical-depression-on-automatic-speaker-verification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">915</span> Separating Permanent and Induced Magnetic Signature: A Simple Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20J.%20G.%20Somsen">O. J. G. Somsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20P.%20M.%20Wagemakers"> G. P. M. Wagemakers</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Magnetic signature detection provides sensitive detection of metal objects, especially in the natural environment. Our group is developing a tabletop setup for magnetic signatures of various small and model objects. A particular issue is the separation of permanent and induced magnetization. While the latter depends only on the composition and shape of the object, the former also depends on the magnetization history. With common deperming techniques, a significant permanent signature may still remain, which confuses measurements of the induced component. We investigate a basic technique of separating the two. Measurements were done by moving the object along an aluminum rail while the three field components are recorded by a detector attached near the center. This is done first with the rail parallel to the Earth magnetic field and then with anti-parallel orientation. The reversal changes the sign of the induced- but not the permanent magnetization so that the two can be separated. Our preliminary results on a small iron block show excellent reproducibility. A considerable permanent magnetization was indeed present, resulting in a complex asymmetric signature. After separation, a much more symmetric induced signature was obtained that can be studied in detail and compared with theoretical calculations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20signature" title="magnetic signature">magnetic signature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20analysis" title=" data analysis"> data analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetization" title=" magnetization"> magnetization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deperming%20techniques" title=" deperming techniques"> deperming techniques</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34318/separating-permanent-and-induced-magnetic-signature-a-simple-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34318.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">914</span> Mitigating Denial of Service Attacks in Information Centric Networking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bander%20Alzahrani">Bander Alzahrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Information-centric networking (ICN) using architectures such as Publish-Subscribe Internet Routing Paradigm (PSIRP) is one of the promising candidates for a future Internet, has recently been under the spotlight by the research community to investigate the possibility of redesigning the current Internet architecture to solve many issues such as routing scalability, security, and quality of services issues.. The Bloom filter-based forwarding is a source-routing approach that is used in the PSIRP architecture. This mechanism is vulnerable to brute force attacks which may lead to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. In this work, we present a new forwarding approach that keeps the advantages of Bloom filter-based forwarding while mitigates attacks on the forwarding mechanism. In practice, we introduce a special type of forwarding nodes called Edge-FW to be placed at the edge of the network. The role of these node is to add an extra security layer by validating and inspecting packets at the edge of the network against brute-force attacks and check whether the packet contains a legitimate forwarding identifier (FId) or not. We leverage Certificateless Aggregate Signature (CLAS) scheme with a small size of 64-bit which is used to sign the FId. Hence, this signature becomes bound to a specific FId. Therefore, malicious nodes that inject packets with random FIds will be easily detected and dropped at the Edge-FW node when the signature verification fails. Our preliminary security analysis suggests that with the proposed approach, the forwarding plane is able to resist attacks such as DoS with very high probability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bloom%20filter" title="bloom filter">bloom filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certificateless%20aggregate%20signature" title=" certificateless aggregate signature"> certificateless aggregate signature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denial-of-service" title=" denial-of-service"> denial-of-service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20centric%20network" title=" information centric network"> information centric network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70786/mitigating-denial-of-service-attacks-in-information-centric-networking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70786.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">913</span> The Forensic Handwriting Analysis of a Painter’s Signature: Claude Monet’s Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olivia%20Rybak-Karkosz">Olivia Rybak-Karkosz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper's purpose was to present a case study on a questioned Claude Monet's signature forensic handwriting analysis. It is an example taken from the author’s experience as a court handwriting expert. A comparative study was conducted to determine whether the signature resembles similarities (and if so, to what measure) with the features representing the writing patterns and their natural variability typical for Claude Monet. It was conducted to check whether all writing features are within the writer's normal range of variation. The paper emphasizes the difficulties and challenges encountered by the forensic handwriting expert while analysing the questioned signature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artist%E2%80%99s%20signatures" title="artist’s signatures">artist’s signatures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authenticity%20of%20an%20artwork" title=" authenticity of an artwork"> authenticity of an artwork</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20handwriting%20analysis" title=" forensic handwriting analysis"> forensic handwriting analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphic-comparative%20method" title=" graphic-comparative method"> graphic-comparative method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152843/the-forensic-handwriting-analysis-of-a-painters-signature-claude-monets-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152843.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">912</span> An Exploratory Study on the Difference between Online and Offline Conformity Behavior among Chinese College Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinyue%20Ma">Xinyue Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dishen%20Zhang"> Dishen Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yijun%20Liu"> Yijun Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yutian%20Jiang"> Yutian Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huiyan%20Yu"> Huiyan Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chufeng%20Gu"> Chufeng Gu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conformity is defined as one in a social group changing his or her behavior to match the others’ behavior in the group. It is used to find that people show a higher level of online conformity behavior than offline. However, as anonymity can decrease the level of online conformity behavior, the difference between online and offline conformity behavior among Chinese college students still needs to be tested. In this study, college students (N = 60) have been randomly assigned into three groups: control group, offline experimental group, and online experimental group. Through comparing the results of offline experimental group and online experimental group with the Mann-Whitney U test, this study verified the results of Asch’s experiment, and found out that people show a lower level of online conformity behavior than offline, which contradicted the previous finding found in China. These results can be used to explain why some people make a lot of vicious remarks and radical ideas on the Internet but perform normally in their real life: the anonymity of the network makes the online group pressure less than offline, so people are less likely to conform to social norms and public opinions on the Internet. What is more, these results support the importance and relevance of online voting, because fewer online group pressures make it easier for people to expose their true ideas, thus gathering more comprehensive and truthful views and opinions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anonymity" title="anonymity">anonymity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asch%E2%80%99s%20group%20conformity" title=" Asch’s group conformity"> Asch’s group conformity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20college%20students" title=" Chinese college students"> Chinese college students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20conformity" title=" online conformity"> online conformity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134894/an-exploratory-study-on-the-difference-between-online-and-offline-conformity-behavior-among-chinese-college-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">911</span> Examination of Forged Signatures Printed by Means of Fabrication in Terms of Their Relation to the Perpetrator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salim%20Yaren">Salim Yaren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nergis%20Canturk"> Nergis Canturk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Signatures are signs that are handwritten by person in order to confirm values such as information, amount, meaning, time and undertaking that bear on a document. It is understood that the signature of a document and the accuracy of the information on the signature is accepted and approved. Forged signatures are formed by forger without knowing and seeing original signature of person that forger will imitate and as a result of his/her effort for hiding typical characteristics of his/her own signatures. Forged signatures are often signed by starting with the initials of the first and last name or persons of the persons whose fake signature will be signed. The similarities in the signatures are completely random. Within the scope of the study, forged signatures are collected from 100 people both their original signatures and forged signatures signed referring to 5 imaginary people. These signatures are compared for 14 signature analyzing criteria by 2 signature analyzing experts except the researcher. 1 numbered analyzing expert who is 9 year experience in his/her field evaluated signatures of 39 (39%) people right and of 25 (25%) people wrong and he /she made any evaluations for signatures of 36 (36%) people. 2 numbered analyzing expert who is 16 year experienced in his/her field evaluated signatures of 49 (49%) people right and 28 (28%) people wrong and he /she made any evaluations for signatures of 23 (23%) people. Forged signatures that are signed by 24 (24%) people are matched by two analyzing experts properly, forged signatures that are signed by 8 (8%) people are matched wrongfully and made up signatures that are signed by 12 (12%) people couldn't be decided by both analyzing experts. Signatures analyzing is a subjective topic so that analyzing and comparisons take form according to education, knowledge and experience of the expert. Consequently, due to the fact that 39% success is achieved by analyzing expert who has 9 year professional experience and 49% success is achieved by analyzing expert who has 16 year professional experience, it is seen that success rate is directly proportionate to knowledge and experience of the expert. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20signature" title="forensic signature">forensic signature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20signature%20analysis" title=" forensic signature analysis"> forensic signature analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signature%20analysis%20criteria" title=" signature analysis criteria"> signature analysis criteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forged%20signature" title=" forged signature"> forged signature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104765/examination-of-forged-signatures-printed-by-means-of-fabrication-in-terms-of-their-relation-to-the-perpetrator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">910</span> Formal Verification of Cache System Using a Novel Cache Memory Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guowei%20Hou">Guowei Hou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lixin%20Yu"> Lixin Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Zhuang"> Wei Zhuang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Qin"> Hui Qin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xue%20Yang"> Xue Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Formal verification is proposed to ensure the correctness of the design and make functional verification more efficient. As cache plays a vital role in the design of System on Chip (SoC), and cache with Memory Management Unit (MMU) and cache memory unit makes the state space too large for simulation to verify, then a formal verification is presented for such system design. In the paper, a formal model checking verification flow is suggested and a new cache memory model which is called “exhaustive search model” is proposed. Instead of using large size ram to denote the whole cache memory, exhaustive search model employs just two cache blocks. For cache system contains data cache (Dcache) and instruction cache (Icache), Dcache memory model and Icache memory model are established separately using the same mechanism. At last, the novel model is employed to the verification of a cache which is module of a custom-built SoC system that has been applied in practical, and the result shows that the cache system is verified correctly using the exhaustive search model, and it makes the verification much more manageable and flexible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cache%20system" title="cache system">cache system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formal%20verification" title=" formal verification"> formal verification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=novel%20model" title=" novel model"> novel model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20on%20chip%20%28SoC%29" title=" system on chip (SoC)"> system on chip (SoC)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26581/formal-verification-of-cache-system-using-a-novel-cache-memory-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">909</span> An Efficient Proxy Signature Scheme Over a Secure Communications Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20El-Kamchouchi">H. El-Kamchouchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20Gaber"> Heba Gaber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Ahmed"> Fatma Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalia%20H.%20El-Kamchouchi"> Dalia H. El-Kamchouchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Proxy signature scheme permits an original signer to delegate his/her signing capability to a proxy signer, and then the proxy signer generates a signing message on behalf of the original signer. The two parties must be able to authenticate one another and agree on a secret encryption key, in order to communicate securely over an unreliable public network. Authenticated key agreement protocols have an important role in building secure communications network between the two parties. In this paper, we present a secure proxy signature scheme over an efficient and secure authenticated key agreement protocol based on the discrete logarithm problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proxy%20signature" title="proxy signature">proxy signature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=warrant%20partial%20delegation" title=" warrant partial delegation"> warrant partial delegation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=key%20agreement" title=" key agreement"> key agreement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20logarithm" title=" discrete logarithm"> discrete logarithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51599/an-efficient-proxy-signature-scheme-over-a-secure-communications-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51599.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">908</span> Functional and Stimuli Implementation and Verification of Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI) Protocol</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20N.%20Joshi">N. N. Joshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20K.%20Singh"> G. K. Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present the stimuli implementation and verification of a Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI) 8255. It involves a designing and verification of configurable intellectual property (IP) module of PPI protocol using Verilog HDL for implementation part and System Verilog for verification. The overview of the PPI-8255 presented then the design specification implemented for the work following the functional description and pin configuration of PPI-8255. The coverage report of design shows that our design and verification environment covered 100% functionality in accordance with the design specification generated by the Questa Sim 10.0b. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Programmable%20Peripheral%20Interface%20%28PPI%29" title="Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI)">Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=verilog%20HDL" title=" verilog HDL"> verilog HDL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20verilog" title=" system verilog"> system verilog</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questa%20sim" title=" questa sim "> questa sim </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21194/functional-and-stimuli-implementation-and-verification-of-programmable-peripheral-interface-ppi-protocol" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">522</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">907</span> A Secure Digital Signature Scheme with Fault Tolerance Based on the Improved RSA System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20El-Kamchouchi">H. El-Kamchouchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20Gaber"> Heba Gaber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Ahmed"> Fatma Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalia%20H.%20El-Kamchouchi"> Dalia H. El-Kamchouchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fault tolerance and data security are two important issues in modern communication systems. In this paper, we propose a secure and efficient digital signature scheme with fault tolerance based on the improved RSA system. The proposed scheme for the RSA cryptosystem contains three prime numbers and overcome several attacks possible on RSA. By using the Chinese Reminder Theorem (CRT) the proposed scheme has a speed improvement on the RSA decryption side and it provides high security also. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20signature" title="digital signature">digital signature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20tolerance" title=" fault tolerance"> fault tolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RSA" title=" RSA"> RSA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20analysis" title=" security analysis"> security analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51269/a-secure-digital-signature-scheme-with-fault-tolerance-based-on-the-improved-rsa-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51269.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">906</span> An Encapsulation of a Navigable Tree Position: Theory, Specification, and Verification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicodemus%20M.%20J.%20Mbwambo">Nicodemus M. J. Mbwambo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Shan%20Sun"> Yu-Shan Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murali%20Sitaraman"> Murali Sitaraman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joan%20Krone"> Joan Krone</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a generic data abstraction that captures a navigable tree position. The mathematical modeling of the abstraction encapsulates the current tree position, which can be used to navigate and modify the tree. The encapsulation of the tree position in the data abstraction specification avoids the use of explicit references and aliasing, thereby simplifying verification of (imperative) client code that uses the data abstraction. To ease the tasks of such specification and verification, a general tree theory, rich with mathematical notations and results, has been developed. The paper contains an example to illustrate automated verification ramifications. With sufficient tree theory development, automated proving seems plausible even in the absence of a special-purpose tree solver. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automation" title="automation">automation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20abstraction" title=" data abstraction"> data abstraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maps" title=" maps"> maps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specification" title=" specification"> specification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tree" title=" tree"> tree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=verification" title=" verification"> verification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131080/an-encapsulation-of-a-navigable-tree-position-theory-specification-and-verification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131080.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">905</span> Communication through Offline and Online Social Network of Thai Football Premier League Supporters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krisana%20Chueachainat">Krisana Chueachainat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study is about the identity, typology and symbol using in communication through offline and online social network of each Thai football Premier League supporters. Also, study is about the factors that affected the sport to become the growing business and the communication factors that play the important role in the growth of the sport business. The Thai Premier League communicated with supporters in order to show the identity of each supporter and club in different ways. The expression of the identity was shown through online social network and offline told other people who they were. The study also about the factor that impacted the roles and communication factors that make football become the growing business. The factor that impact to the growth of football to the business, if clubs can action, the sport business would be to higher level and also push Thailand’s football to be effective and equal to other countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20social%20network" title="online social network">online social network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offline%20social%20network" title=" offline social network"> offline social network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20football" title=" Thai football"> Thai football</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supporters" title=" supporters"> supporters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55737/communication-through-offline-and-online-social-network-of-thai-football-premier-league-supporters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">904</span> Pyramid Binary Pattern for Age Invariant Face Verification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saroj%20Bijarnia">Saroj Bijarnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preety%20Singh"> Preety Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose a simple and effective biometrics system based on face verification across aging using a new variant of texture feature, Pyramid Binary Pattern. This employs Local Binary Pattern along with its hierarchical information. Dimension reduction of generated texture feature vector is done using Principal Component Analysis. Support Vector Machine is used for classification. Our proposed method achieves an accuracy of 92:24% and can be used in an automated age-invariant face verification system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biometrics" title="biometrics">biometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20invariant" title=" age invariant"> age invariant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=verification" title=" verification"> verification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20vector%20machine" title=" support vector machine"> support vector machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64435/pyramid-binary-pattern-for-age-invariant-face-verification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">903</span> Alternative Key Exchange Algorithm Based on Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm Certificate and Usage in Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Andreasyan">A. Andreasyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Connors"> C. Connors</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature algorithm-based X509v3 certificates are becoming more popular due to their short public and private key sizes. Moreover, these certificates can be stored in Internet of Things (IoT) devices, with limited resources, using less memory and transmitted in network security protocols, such as Internet Key Exchange (IKE), Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Secure Shell (SSH) with less bandwidth. The proposed method gives another advantage, in that it increases the performance of the above-mentioned protocols in terms of key exchange by saving one scalar multiplication operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryptography" title="cryptography">cryptography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elliptic%20curve%20digital%20signature%20algorithm" title=" elliptic curve digital signature algorithm"> elliptic curve digital signature algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=key%20exchange" title=" key exchange"> key exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20security%20protocol" title=" network security protocol"> network security protocol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120384/alternative-key-exchange-algorithm-based-on-elliptic-curve-digital-signature-algorithm-certificate-and-usage-in-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120384.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">902</span> A New Approach to Predicting Physical Biometrics from Behavioural Biometrics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raid%20R.%20O.%20Al-Nima">Raid R. O. Al-Nima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Dlay"> S. S. Dlay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20L.%20Woo"> W. L. Woo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A relationship between face and signature biometrics is established in this paper. A new approach is developed to predict faces from signatures by using artificial intelligence. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network is used to generate face details from features extracted from signatures, here face is the physical biometric and signatures is the behavioural biometric. The new method establishes a relationship between the two biometrics and regenerates a visible face image from the signature features. Furthermore, the performance efficiencies of our new technique are demonstrated in terms of minimum error rates compared to published work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavioural%20biometric" title="behavioural biometric">behavioural biometric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=face%20biometric" title=" face biometric"> face biometric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20biometric" title=" physical biometric"> physical biometric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signature%20biometric" title=" signature biometric"> signature biometric</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15556/a-new-approach-to-predicting-physical-biometrics-from-behavioural-biometrics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">901</span> Study of the S-Bend Intake Hammershock Based on Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qun-Feng%20Zhang">Qun-Feng Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pan-Pan%20Yan"> Pan-Pan Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Li"> Jun Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun-Qing%20Lei"> Jun-Qing Lei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerical investigation of hammershock propagation in the S-bend intake caused by engine surge has been conducted by using Improved Delayed Detach-Eddy Simulation (IDDES). The effects of surge signatures on hammershock characteristics are obtained. It was shown that once the hammershock is produced, it moves upward to the intake entrance quickly with constant speed, however, the strength of hammershock keeps increasing. Meanwhile, being influenced by the centrifugal force, the hammershock strength on the larger radius side is much larger. Hammershock propagation speed and strength are sensitive to the ramp upgradient of surge signature. A larger ramp up gradient results in higher propagation speed and greater strength. Nevertheless, ramp down profile of surge signature have no obvious effect on the propagation speed and strength of hammershock. Increasing the maximum value of surge signature leads to enhance in the intensity of hammershock, they approximately match quadratic function distribution law. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hammershock" title="hammershock">hammershock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDDES" title=" IDDES"> IDDES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S-bend" title=" S-bend"> S-bend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surge%20signature" title=" surge signature"> surge signature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67566/study-of-the-s-bend-intake-hammershock-based-on-improved-delayed-detached-eddy-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67566.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">900</span> Physical Verification Flow on Multiple Foundries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohaya%20Abdul%20Wahab">Rohaya Abdul Wahab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raja%20Mohd%20Fuad%20Tengku%20Aziz"> Raja Mohd Fuad Tengku Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazaliza%20Othman"> Nazaliza Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharifah%20Saleh"> Sharifah Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabihah%20Razali"> Nabihah Razali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Al%20Baqir%20Zinal%20Abidin"> Muhammad Al Baqir Zinal Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md%20Hanif%20Md%20Nasir"> Md Hanif Md Nasir </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper will discuss how we optimize our physical verification flow in our IC Design Department having various rule decks from multiple foundries. Our ultimate goal is to achieve faster time to tape-out and avoid schedule delay. Currently the physical verification runtimes and memory usage have drastically increased with the increasing number of design rules, design complexity and the size of the chips to be verified. To manage design violations, we use a number of solutions to reduce the amount of violations needed to be checked by physical verification engineers. The most important functions in physical verifications are DRC (design rule check), LVS (layout vs. schematic) and XRC (extraction). Since we have a multiple number of foundries for our design tape-outs, we need a flow that improve the overall turnaround time and ease of use of the physical verification process. The demand for fast turnaround time is even more critical since the physical design is the last stage before sending the layout to the foundries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20verification" title="physical verification">physical verification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DRC" title=" DRC"> DRC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LVS" title=" LVS"> LVS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRC" title=" XRC"> XRC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow" title=" flow"> flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foundry" title=" foundry"> foundry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=runset" title=" runset"> runset</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29033/physical-verification-flow-on-multiple-foundries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29033.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">654</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offline%20signature%20verification&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offline%20signature%20verification&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offline%20signature%20verification&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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