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(WW)</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: window width (WW)"> <meta name="keywords" content="window width (WW)"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="window width (WW)"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1232</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: window width (WW)</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1232</span> Automatic Post Stroke Detection from Computed Tomography Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Gopi%20Jinimole">C. Gopi Jinimole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Harsha"> A. Harsha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For detecting strokes, Computed Tomography (CT) scan is preferred for imaging the abnormalities or infarction in the brain. Because of the problems in the window settings used to evaluate brain CT images, they are very poor in the early stage infarction detection. This paper presents an automatic estimation method for the window settings of the CT images for proper contrast of the hyper infarction present in the brain. In the proposed work the window width is estimated automatically for each slice and the window centre is changed to a new value of 31HU, which is the average of the HU values of the grey matter and white matter in the brain. The automatic window width estimation is based on the average of median of statistical central moments. Thus with the new suggested window centre and estimated window width, the hyper infarction or post-stroke regions in CT brain images are properly detected. The proposed approach assists the radiologists in CT evaluation for early quantitative signs of delayed stroke, which leads to severe hemorrhage in the future can be prevented by providing timely medication to the patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computed%20tomography%20%28CT%29" title="computed tomography (CT)">computed tomography (CT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyper%20infarction%20or%20post%20stroke%20region" title=" hyper infarction or post stroke region"> hyper infarction or post stroke region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hounsefield%20Unit%20%28HU%29" title=" Hounsefield Unit (HU)"> Hounsefield Unit (HU)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20centre%20%28WC%29" title=" window centre (WC)"> window centre (WC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20width%20%28WW%29" title=" window width (WW)"> window width (WW)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75360/automatic-post-stroke-detection-from-computed-tomography-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75360.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1231</span> Variable vs. Fixed Window Width Code Correlation Reference Waveform Receivers for Multipath Mitigation in Global Navigation Satellite Systems with Binary Offset Carrier and Multiplexed Binary Offset Carrier Signals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20Alhussein">Fahad Alhussein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huaping%20Liu"> Huaping Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper compares the multipath mitigation performance of code correlation reference waveform receivers with variable and fixed window width, for binary offset carrier and multiplexed binary offset carrier signals typically used in global navigation satellite systems. In the variable window width method, such width is iteratively reduced until the distortion on the discriminator with multipath is eliminated. This distortion is measured as the Euclidean distance between the actual discriminator (obtained with the incoming signal), and the local discriminator (generated with a local copy of the signal). The variable window width have shown better performance compared to the fixed window width. In particular, the former yields zero error for all delays for the BOC and MBOC signals considered, while the latter gives rather large nonzero errors for small delays in all cases. Due to its computational simplicity, the variable window width method is perfectly suitable for implementation in low-cost receivers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation%20reference%20waveform%20receivers" title="correlation reference waveform receivers">correlation reference waveform receivers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20offset%20carrier" title=" binary offset carrier"> binary offset carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiplexed%20binary%20offset%20carrier" title=" multiplexed binary offset carrier"> multiplexed binary offset carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20navigation%20satellite%20systems" title=" global navigation satellite systems"> global navigation satellite systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116944/variable-vs-fixed-window-width-code-correlation-reference-waveform-receivers-for-multipath-mitigation-in-global-navigation-satellite-systems-with-binary-offset-carrier-and-multiplexed-binary-offset-carrier-signals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1230</span> The Effect of Window Position and Ceiling Height on Cooling Load in Architectural Studio</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyedehzahra%20Mirrahimi">Seyedehzahra Mirrahimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the effect of variations in window and ceiling heights on cooling inside an architectural training studio with a full-width window. For architectural training, students use the studio more often than they use ordinary classrooms. Therefore, studio dimensions and size, and the window position, directly influence the cooling load. Energy for cooling is one of the most expensive costs in the studio because of the high activity levels of students during the warm season. The methodology of analysis involves measuring energy changes in the Energy Plus <EP> software in Kish Island. It was proved that the cooling energy in an architecture studio can be increased by changing window levels and ceiling heights to add a range of cooling energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20energy" title="cooling energy">cooling energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Energy%20Plus" title=" Energy Plus"> Energy Plus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=studio%20classroom" title=" studio classroom"> studio classroom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20position" title=" window position"> window position</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116834/the-effect-of-window-position-and-ceiling-height-on-cooling-load-in-architectural-studio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1229</span> Beak Size and Asynchronous Hatch in Broiler Chicks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariana%20Thimotheo">Mariana Thimotheo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriel%20Carvalho%20Ripamonte"> Gabriel Carvalho Ripamonte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marina%20De%20Almeida%20Nogueira"> Marina De Almeida Nogueira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silvia%20Camila%20Da%20Costa%20Aguiar"> Silvia Camila Da Costa Aguiar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcelo%20Henrique%20Santana%20Ulian"> Marcelo Henrique Santana Ulian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Euclides%20Braga%20Malheiros"> Euclides Braga Malheiros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20Cristina%20Boleli"> Isabel Cristina Boleli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Beak plays a fundamental role in the hatching process of the chicks, since it is used for internal and external pipping. The present study examined whether the size of the beak influences the birth period of the broiler chicks in the hatching window. It was analyzed the beak size (length, height and width) of one-hundred twenty nine newly hatched chicks from light eggs (56.22-61.05g) and one-hundred twenty six chicks from heavy eggs (64.95-70.90g), produced by 38 and 45 weeks old broiler breeders (Cobb 500®), respectively. Egg incubation occurred at 37.5°C and 60% RH, with egg turning every hour. Length, height and width of the beaks were measured using a digital caliper (Zaas precision - digital caliper 6", 0.01mm) and the data expressed in millimeters. The beak length corresponded to distance between the tip of the beak and the rictus. The height of the beak was measured in the region of the culmen and its width in the region of the nostrils. Data were analyzed following a 3x2 factorial experimental design, being three birth periods within the hatching window (early: 471.78 to 485.42h, intermediate: 485.43 to 512.27h, and late: 512.28 to 528.72h) and two egg weights (light and heavy). There was a significant interaction between birth period and egg weight for beak height (P < 0.05), which was higher in the intermediate chicks from heavy eggs than in the other chicks from the same egg weight and chicks from light eggs (P < 0.05), that did not differ (P > 0.05). The beak length was influenced only for a birth period, and decreased through the hatch window (early < intermediate < late) (P < 0.05). The width of the beaks was influenced by both main factors, birth period and egg weight (P < 0.05). Early and intermediate chicks had similar beak width, but greater than late chicks, and chicks from heavy eggs presented greater beak width than chicks from light eggs (P < 0.05). In sum, the results show that chicks with longer beak hatch first and that beak length is an important variable for hatch period determination mainly for light eggs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beak%20dimensions" title="beak dimensions">beak dimensions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egg%20weight" title=" egg weight"> egg weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hatching%20period" title=" hatching period"> hatching period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hatching%20window" title=" hatching window"> hatching window</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93974/beak-size-and-asynchronous-hatch-in-broiler-chicks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1228</span> Wind Fragility of Window Glass in 10-Story Apartment with Two Different Window Models </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viriyavudh%20Sim">Viriyavudh Sim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WooYoung%20Jung"> WooYoung Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Damage due to high wind is not limited to load resistance components such as beam and column. The majority of damage is due to breach in the building envelope such as broken roof, window, and door. In this paper, wind fragility of window glass in residential apartment was determined to compare the difference between two window configuration models. Monte Carlo Simulation method had been used to derive damage data and analytical fragilities were constructed. Fragility of window system showed that window located in leeward wall had higher probability of failure, especially those close to the edge of structure. Between the two window models, Model 2 had higher probability of failure, this was due to the number of panel in this configuration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20fragility" title="wind fragility">wind fragility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass%20window" title=" glass window"> glass window</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20rise%20building" title=" high rise building"> high rise building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20disaster" title=" wind disaster"> wind disaster</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61409/wind-fragility-of-window-glass-in-10-story-apartment-with-two-different-window-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1227</span> Comparison of Wind Fragility for Window System in the Simplified 10 and 15-Story Building Considering Exposure Category </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viriyavudh%20Sim">Viriyavudh Sim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WooYoung%20Jung"> WooYoung Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Window system in high rise building is occasionally subjected to an excessive wind intensity, particularly during typhoon. The failure of window system did not affect overall safety of structural performance; however, it could endanger the safety of the residents. In this paper, comparison of fragility curves for window system of two residential buildings was studied. The probability of failure for individual window was determined with Monte Carlo Simulation method. Then, lognormal cumulative distribution function was used to represent the fragility. The results showed that windows located on the edge of leeward wall were more susceptible to wind load and the probability of failure for each window panel increased at higher floors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20fragility" title="wind fragility">wind fragility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20system" title=" window system"> window system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20rise%20building" title=" high rise building"> high rise building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20disaster" title=" wind disaster"> wind disaster</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61408/comparison-of-wind-fragility-for-window-system-in-the-simplified-10-and-15-story-building-considering-exposure-category" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1226</span> Effect of Orientation of the Wall Window on Energy Saving under Clear Sky Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhu%20Sudan">Madhu Sudan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20N.%20Tiwari"> G. N. Tiwari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyze the effect of wall window orientation on Daylight Illuminance Ratio (DIR) and energy saving in a building known as “SODHA BERS COMPLEX (SBC)” at Varanasi, UP, India. The building has been designed incorporating all passive concepts for thermal comfort as well daylighting concepts to maximize the use of natural daylighting for the occupants in the day to day activities. The annual average DIR and the energy saving has been estimated by using the DIR model for wall window with different orientations under clear sky condition. It has been found that for south oriented window the energy saving per square meter is more compared to the other orientations due to the higher level of solar insolation for the south window in northern hemisphere whereas energy saving potential is minimum for north oriented wall window. The energy saving potential was 26%, 81% and 51% higher for east, south and west oriented window in comparison to north oriented window. The average annual DIR has same trends of variation as the annual energy saving and it is maximum for south oriented window and minimum for north oriented window. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clear%20sky" title="clear sky">clear sky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daylight%20factor" title=" daylight factor"> daylight factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20saving" title=" energy saving"> energy saving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20window" title=" wall window"> wall window</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36764/effect-of-orientation-of-the-wall-window-on-energy-saving-under-clear-sky-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1225</span> Three-Dimensional Measurement and Analysis of Facial Nerve Recess</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang%20Shuo-Shuo">Kang Shuo-Shuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Jian-Nan"> Li Jian-Nan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Shiming"> Yang Shiming</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The three-dimensional anatomical structure of the facial nerve recess and its relationship were measured by high-resolution temporal bone CT to provide imaging reference for cochlear implant operation. Materials and Methods: By analyzing the high-resolution CT of 160 cases (320 pleural ears) of the temporal bone, the following parameters were measured at the axial window niche level: 1. The distance between the facial nerve and chordae tympani nerve d1; 2. Distance between the facial nerve and circular window niche d2; 3. The relative Angle between the facial nerve and the circular window niche a; 4. Distance between the middle point of the face recess and the circular window niche d3; 5. The relative angle between the middle point of the face recess and the circular window niche b. Factors that might influence the anatomy of the facial recess were recorded, including the patient's sex, age, and anatomical variation (e.g., vestibular duct dilation, mastoid gas type, mothoid sinus advancement, jugular bulbar elevation, etc.), and the correlation between these factors and the measured facial recess parameters was analyzed. Result: The mean value of face-drum distance d1 is (3.92 ± 0.26) mm, the mean value of face-niche distance d2 is (5.95 ± 0.62) mm, the mean value of face-niche Angle a is (94.61 ± 9.04) °, and the mean value of fossa - niche distance d3 is (6.46 ± 0.63) mm. The average fossa-niche Angle b was (113.47 ± 7.83) °. Gender, age, and anterior sigmoid sinus were the three factors affecting the width of the opposite recess d1, the Angle of the opposite nerve relative to the circular window niche a, and the Angle of the facial recess relative to the circular window niche b. Conclusion: High-resolution temporal bone CT before cochlear implantation can show the important anatomical relationship of the facial nerve recess, and the measurement results have clinical reference value for the operation of cochlear implantation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cochlear%20implantation" title="cochlear implantation">cochlear implantation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recess%20of%20facial%20nerve" title=" recess of facial nerve"> recess of facial nerve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20bone%20CT" title=" temporal bone CT"> temporal bone CT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-dimensional%20measurement" title=" three-dimensional measurement"> three-dimensional measurement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192591/three-dimensional-measurement-and-analysis-of-facial-nerve-recess" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">16</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1224</span> Pulse Generator with Constant Pulse Width</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rozita%20Borhan">Rozita Borhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanif%20Che%20Lah"> Hanif Che Lah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wee%20Leong%20Son"> Wee Leong Son</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is about method to produce a stable and accurate constant output pulse width regardless of the amplitude, period and pulse width variation of the input signal source. The pulse generated is usually being used in numerous applications as the reference input source to other circuits in the system. Therefore, it is crucial to produce a clean and constant pulse width to make sure the system is working accurately as expected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amplitude" title="amplitude">amplitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Constant%20Pulse%20Width" title=" Constant Pulse Width"> Constant Pulse Width</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20divider" title=" frequency divider"> frequency divider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulse%20generator" title=" pulse generator"> pulse generator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12784/pulse-generator-with-constant-pulse-width" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12784.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1223</span> Modeling of Silicon Window Layers for Solar Cells Based SIGE</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meriem%20Boukais">Meriem Boukais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Dennai"> B. Dennai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ould-%20Abbas"> A. Ould- Abbas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The efficiency of SiGe solar cells might be improved by a wide-band-gap window layer. In this work we were simulated using the one dimensional simulation program called analysis of microelectronic and photonic structures (AMPS-1D). In the modeling, the thickness of silicon window was varied from 80 to 150 nm. The rest of layer’s thicknesses were kept constant, by varying thickness of window layer the simulated device performance was demonstrate in the form of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and quantum efficiency (QE). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title="modeling">modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiGe" title=" SiGe"> SiGe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AMPS-1D" title=" AMPS-1D"> AMPS-1D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20efficiency" title=" quantum efficiency"> quantum efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conversion" title=" conversion"> conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27800/modeling-of-silicon-window-layers-for-solar-cells-based-sige" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">721</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1222</span> Simulation Of Silicon Window Layers For Solar Cells Based Sige </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boukais%20Meriem">Boukais Meriem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Dennai"> B. Dennai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ould-Abbas"> A. Ould-Abbas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The efficiency of SiGe solar cells might be improved by a wide-band-gap window layer. In this work we were simulated using the one dimensional simulation program called analysis of microelectronic and photonic structures (AMPS-1D). In the simulation, the thickness of silicon window was varied from 80 to 150 nm. The rest of layer’s thicknesses were kept constant, by varying thickness of window layer the simulated device performance was demonstrate in the form of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and quantum efficiency (QE). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiGe" title="SiGe">SiGe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AMPS-1D" title=" AMPS-1D"> AMPS-1D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conversion" title=" conversion"> conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20efficiency" title=" quantum efficiency"> quantum efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19153/simulation-of-silicon-window-layers-for-solar-cells-based-sige" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19153.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">805</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1221</span> Window Display Design of Thai Craft Product Affecting Perceptions of Thai and Foreign Tourists </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanokwan%20Somoon">Kanokwan Somoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chumporn%20Moorapun"> Chumporn Moorapun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A product’s perceived value may increase purchase intention. Value perceptions may differ among cultures. Window displays can be used to increase products’ information and value. This study aims to investigate the relationship between window display design elements and value perceptions of local products between two different cultures. The research methodology is based on survey research. Several window displays in favorite of tourist spots were selected as a unit of study. Also, 100 tourists (56 Thai tourists and 44 foreign tourists) were asked to complete a questionnaire. T-Tests were used to analyze the comparison. Then, the results were compared to Thai and foreign tourists. Finally, the results find that Thai and foreign tourists have different perception towards three design elements that are size of the window, props and colour lighting. The differences of their perceptions signify the different cultural values they adhere to. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-culture" title="cross-culture">cross-culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20display" title=" window display"> window display</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20craft%20product" title=" Thai craft product"> Thai craft product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20perception" title=" environmental perception"> environmental perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45454/window-display-design-of-thai-craft-product-affecting-perceptions-of-thai-and-foreign-tourists" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45454.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1220</span> Battery Control with Moving Average Algorithm to Smoothen the Intermittent Output Power of Photovoltaic Solar Power Plants in Off-Grid Configuration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Gillfran%20Samual">Muhammad Gillfran Samual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rinaldy%20Dalimi"> Rinaldy Dalimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fauzan%20Hanif%20Jufri"> Fauzan Hanif Jufri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Budi%20Sudiarto"> Budi Sudiarto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismi%20Rosyiana%20Fitri"> Ismi Rosyiana Fitri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solar energy is increasingly recognized as an important future energy source due to its abundant availability and renewable nature. However, the intermittent nature of solar energy can cause fluctuations in the electricity produced, making it difficult to guarantee a stable and reliable electricity supply. One solution that can be implemented is to use batteries in a photovoltaic solar power plant system with a Moving Average control algorithm, which can help smooth and reduce fluctuations in solar power output power. The parameter that can be adjusted in the Moving Average algorithm is the window size or the arithmetic average width of the photovoltaic output power over time. This research evaluates the effect of a change of window size parameter in the Moving Average algorithm on the resulting smoothed photovoltaic output power and the technical effects on batteries, i.e., power and energy usage. Based on the evaluation, it is found that the increase of window size parameter will slow down the response of photovoltaic output power to changes in irradiation and increase the smoothing quality of the intermittent photovoltaic output power. In addition, increasing the window size will reduce the maximum power received on the load side, and the amount of energy used by the battery during the power smoothing process will increase, which, in turn, increases the required battery capacity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery" title="battery">battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermittent" title=" intermittent"> intermittent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moving%20average" title=" moving average"> moving average</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title=" photovoltaic"> photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20smoothing" title=" power smoothing"> power smoothing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186512/battery-control-with-moving-average-algorithm-to-smoothen-the-intermittent-output-power-of-photovoltaic-solar-power-plants-in-off-grid-configuration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1219</span> Implementing Two Rotatable Circular Polarized Glass Made Window to Reduce the Amount of Electricity Usage by Air Condition System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imtiaz%20Sarwar">Imtiaz Sarwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Air conditioning in homes may account for one-third of the electricity during period in summer when most of the energy is required in large cities. It is not consuming only electricity but also has a serious impact on environment including greenhouse effect. Circular polarizer filter can be used to selectively absorb or pass clockwise or counter-clock wise circularly polarized light. My research is about putting two circular polarized glasses parallel to each other and make a circular window with it. When we will place two circular polarized glasses exactly same way (0 degree to each other) then nothing will be noticed rather it will work as a regular window through which all light and heat can pass on. While we will keep rotating one of the circular polarized glasses, the angle between the glasses will keep increasing and the window will keep blocking more and more lights. It will completely block all the lights and a portion of related heat when one of the windows will reach 90 degree to another. On the other hand, we can just open the window when fresh air is necessary. It will reduce the necessity of using Air condition too much or consumer will use electric fan rather than air conditioning system. Thus, we can save a significant amount of electricity and we can go green. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20polarizer" title="circular polarizer">circular polarizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window" title=" window"> window</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20condition" title=" air condition"> air condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light" title=" light"> light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22141/implementing-two-rotatable-circular-polarized-glass-made-window-to-reduce-the-amount-of-electricity-usage-by-air-condition-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">607</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1218</span> Life Cycle Assessment as a Decision Making for Window Performance Comparison in Green Building Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20Elshafei">Ghada Elshafei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelazim%20Negm"> Abdelazim Negm </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Life cycle assessment is a technique to assess the environmental aspects and potential impacts associated with a product, process, or service, by compiling an inventory of relevant energy and material inputs and environmental releases; evaluating the potential environmental impacts associated with identified inputs and releases; and interpreting the results to help you make a more informed decision. In this paper, the life cycle assessment of aluminum and beech wood as two commonly used materials in Egypt for window frames are heading, highlighting their benefits and weaknesses. Window frames of the two materials have been assessed on the basis of their production, energy consumption and environmental impacts. It has been found that the climate change of the windows made of aluminum and beech wood window, for a reference window (1.2m × 1.2m), are 81.7 mPt and - 52.5 mPt impacts respectively. Among the most important results are: fossil fuel consumption, potential contributions to the green building effect and quantities of solid waste tend to be minor for wood products compared to aluminum products; incineration of wood products can cause higher impacts of acidification and eutrophication than aluminum, whereas thermal energy can be recovered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20window" title="aluminum window">aluminum window</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beech%20wood%20window" title=" beech wood window"> beech wood window</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20building" title=" green building"> green building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20analysis" title=" life cycle analysis"> life cycle analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SimaPro%20software" title=" SimaPro software"> SimaPro software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20frame" title=" window frame"> window frame</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34211/life-cycle-assessment-as-a-decision-making-for-window-performance-comparison-in-green-building-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">450</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1217</span> The Impact of Urethral Plate Width on Surgical Outcomes After Distal Hypospadias Repair in Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrey%20Boyko">Andrey Boyko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, there is no consensus about the influence of urethral plate (UP) width on the surgical outcomes after distal hypospadias repair. The purpose of the research was to study the association between UP width and surgical outcomes after distal hypospadias repair in children. Materials and methods: The study included 138 patients with distal hypospadias. The mean age at the time of surgery was 4.6 years (6 months – 16 years). We measured UP width at the “midpoint within the glans” and used the HOSE scale to assess postoperative outcomes. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 – the patients (107) with UP < 8mm, group 2 – patients (31) with UP > 8mm. All boys underwent TIP repair. Preincision means UP width after incision means UP width, and the UP ratio was analyzed. Statistical data were obtained using Statistica 10. Results: The findings were preincision mean UP width - 5.4 mm and 9.4 mm; after incision mean UP width - 13mm and 17.5 mm; UP ratio - 0.41 and 0.53 in group 1 and group 2, respectively. Most postoperative complications (fistula, meatal stenosis, and stricture) happened in patients with UP width < 8 mm versus ≥ 8 mm (7/107 versus 2/31, respectively). HOSE results were 15.77 (group 1), 15.65 (group 2). The follow up lasted up to 12 months. Statistical analysis proved the absence of correlation between UP width and postoperative complications. Conclusions: In conclusion, it should be noted that the success of surgical repair mostly depended on the surgical technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title="children">children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distal%20hypospadias" title=" distal hypospadias"> distal hypospadias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tip%20repair" title=" tip repair"> tip repair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urethral%20plate%20width" title=" urethral plate width"> urethral plate width</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149424/the-impact-of-urethral-plate-width-on-surgical-outcomes-after-distal-hypospadias-repair-in-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149424.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1216</span> Analysis of Formation Methods of Range Profiles for an X-Band Coastal Surveillance Radar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Van%20Loi">Nguyen Van Loi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Le%20Thanh%20Son"> Le Thanh Son</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tran%20Trung%20Kien"> Tran Trung Kien</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with the problem of the formation of range profiles (RPs) for an X-band coastal surveillance radar. Two popular methods, the difference operator method, and the window-based method, are reviewed and analyzed via two tests with different datasets. The test results show that although the original window-based method achieves a better performance than the difference operator method, it has three main drawbacks that are the use of 3 or 4 peaks of an RP for creating the windows, the extension of the window size using the power sum of three adjacent cells in the left and the right sides of the windows and the same threshold applied for all types of vessels to finish the formation process of RPs. These drawbacks lead to inaccurate RPs due to the low signal-to-clutter ratio. Therefore, some suggestions are proposed to improve the original window-based method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=range%20profile" title="range profile">range profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=difference%20operator%20method" title=" difference operator method"> difference operator method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window-based%20method" title=" window-based method"> window-based method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automatic%20target%20recognition" title=" automatic target recognition"> automatic target recognition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134878/analysis-of-formation-methods-of-range-profiles-for-an-x-band-coastal-surveillance-radar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1215</span> Optimizing the Window Geometry Using Fractals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Geetha%20Ramesh">K. Geetha Ramesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ramachandraiah"> A. Ramachandraiah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In an internal building space, daylight becomes a powerful source of illumination. The challenge therefore, is to develop means of utilizing both direct and diffuse natural light in buildings while maintaining and improving occupant's visual comfort, particularly at greater distances from the windows throwing daylight. The geometrical features of windows in a building have significant effect in providing daylight. The main goal of this research is to develop an innovative window geometry, which will effectively provide the daylight component adequately together with internal reflected component(IRC) and also the external reflected component(ERC), if any. This involves exploration of a light redirecting system using fractal geometry for windows, in order to penetrate and distribute daylight more uniformly to greater depths, minimizing heat gain and glare, and also to reduce building energy use substantially. Of late the creation of fractal geometrical window and the occurrence of daylight illuminance due to such windows is becoming an interesting study. The amount of daylight can change significantly based on the window geometry and sky conditions. This leads to the (i) exploration of various fractal patterns suitable for window designs, and (ii) quantification of the effect of chosen fractal window based on the relationship between the fractal pattern, size, orientation and glazing properties for optimizing daylighting. There are a lot of natural lighting applications able to predict the behaviour of a light in a room through a traditional opening - a regular window. The conventional prediction methodology involves the evaluation of the daylight factor, the internal reflected component and the external reflected component. Having evaluated the daylight illuminance level for a conventional window, the technical performance of a fractal window for an optimal daylighting is to be studied and compared with that of a regular window. The methodologies involved are highlighted in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daylighting" title="daylighting">daylighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractal%20geometry" title=" fractal geometry"> fractal geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractal%20window" title=" fractal window"> fractal window</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64228/optimizing-the-window-geometry-using-fractals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1214</span> Crack Width Evaluation for Flexural RC Members with Axial Tension</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukrit%20Ghorai">Sukrit Ghorai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Proof of controlling crack width is a basic condition for securing suitable performance in serviceability limit state. The cracking in concrete can occur at any time from the casting of time to the years after the concrete has been set in place. Most codes struggle with offering procedure for crack width calculation. There is lack in availability of design charts for designers to compute crack width with ease. The focus of the study is to utilize design charts and parametric equations in calculating crack width with minimum error. The paper contains a simplified procedure to calculate crack width for reinforced concrete (RC) sections subjected to bending with axial tensile force following the guidelines of Euro code [DS EN-1992-1-1 & DS EN-1992-1-2]. Numerical examples demonstrate the application of the suggested procedure. Comparison with parallel analytical tools support the validity of result and show the percentage deviation of crack width in both the procedures. The technique is simple, user-friendly and ready to evolve for a greater spectrum of section sizes and materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20structures" title="concrete structures">concrete structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%20width%20calculation" title=" crack width calculation"> crack width calculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serviceability%20limit%20state" title=" serviceability limit state"> serviceability limit state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20design" title=" structural design"> structural design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge%20engineering" title=" bridge engineering"> bridge engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19413/crack-width-evaluation-for-flexural-rc-members-with-axial-tension" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19413.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1213</span> Efficient Frequent Itemset Mining Methods over Real-Time Spatial Big Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamdi%20Sana">Hamdi Sana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emna%20Bouazizi"> Emna Bouazizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sami%20Faiz"> Sami Faiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, there is a huge increase in the use of spatio-temporal applications where data and queries are continuously moving. As a result, the need to process real-time spatio-temporal data seems clear and real-time stream data management becomes a hot topic. Sliding window model and frequent itemset mining over dynamic data are the most important problems in the context of data mining. Thus, sliding window model for frequent itemset mining is a widely used model for data stream mining due to its emphasis on recent data and its bounded memory requirement. These methods use the traditional transaction-based sliding window model where the window size is based on a fixed number of transactions. Actually, this model supposes that all transactions have a constant rate which is not suited for real-time applications. And the use of this model in such applications endangers their performance. Based on these observations, this paper relaxes the notion of window size and proposes the use of a timestamp-based sliding window model. In our proposed frequent itemset mining algorithm, support conditions are used to differentiate frequents and infrequent patterns. Thereafter, a tree is developed to incrementally maintain the essential information. We evaluate our contribution. The preliminary results are quite promising. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real-time%20spatial%20big%20data" title="real-time spatial big data">real-time spatial big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequent%20itemset" title=" frequent itemset"> frequent itemset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transaction-based%20sliding%20window%20model" title=" transaction-based sliding window model"> transaction-based sliding window model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timestamp-based%20sliding%20window%20model" title=" timestamp-based sliding window model"> timestamp-based sliding window model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighted%20frequent%20patterns" title=" weighted frequent patterns"> weighted frequent patterns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tree" title=" tree"> tree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stream%20query" title=" stream query"> stream query</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102447/efficient-frequent-itemset-mining-methods-over-real-time-spatial-big-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102447.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1212</span> Diagonal Crack Width of RC Members with High Strength Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Y.%20Lee">J. Y. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20S.%20Lim"> H. S. Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Yoon"> S. H. Yoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an analysis of the diagonal crack widths of RC members with various types of materials by simulating a compatibility-aided truss model. The analytical results indicated that the diagonal crack width was influenced by not only the shear reinforcement ratio but also the yield strength of shear reinforcement and the compressive strength of concrete. The yield strength of shear reinforcement and the compressive strength of concrete decreased the diagonal shear crack width of RC members for the same shear force because of the change of shear failure modes. However, regarding the maximum shear crack width at shear failure, the shear crack width of the beam with high strength materials was greater than that of the beam with normal strength materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagonal%20crack%20width" title="diagonal crack width">diagonal crack width</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20strength%20stirrups" title=" high strength stirrups"> high strength stirrups</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20strength%20concrete" title=" high strength concrete"> high strength concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RC%20members" title=" RC members"> RC members</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20behavior" title=" shear behavior"> shear behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46565/diagonal-crack-width-of-rc-members-with-high-strength-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46565.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1211</span> A Study of New Window Typology for Palestinian Residential Building for More Sustainable Building</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nisreen%20Ardda">Nisreen Ardda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fenestrations are one of the main building envelope elements that play an important role in home social-ecological l factors. They play a vital role in providing natural lighting and ventilation, visual, thermal, and acoustical comfort, and also provide weather-tightness, privacy, a feeling of openness. In most home buildings, fenestrations are controlled manually by the occupants, which significantly impacts occupants' comfort and energy use. Culture plays a central role in the Palestinians window operation behavior. Improved windows design that provides the desired privacy while maintaining the appropriate function of fenestration (natural lighting, thermal comfort, and visual openness) is becoming a necessity. Therefore, this paper proposes a window typology to achieve the social and environmental factors in residential buildings in the West Bank. The window typology and reference building were designed in Rivet 2021, and natural ventilation was carried out in Design Builder 4.3.0.039. The results showed that the proposed typology provides the desired privacy and the feeling of openness without compromising natural ventilation as the existing window did. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20design" title="window design">window design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20design" title=" passive design"> passive design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20built%20environment" title=" sustainable built environment"> sustainable built environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20material" title=" building material"> building material</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141764/a-study-of-new-window-typology-for-palestinian-residential-building-for-more-sustainable-building" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1210</span> Numerical Prediction of Effects of Location of Across-the-Width Laminations on Tensile Properties of Rectangular Wires </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazeem%20K.%20Adewole">Kazeem K. Adewole</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the finite element analysis numerical investigation of the effects of the location of across-the-width lamination on the tensile properties of rectangular wires for civil engineering applications. FE analysis revealed that the presence of the mid-thickness across-the-width lamination changes the cup and cone fracture shape exhibited by the lamination-free wire to a V-shaped fracture shape with an opening at the bottom/pointed end of the V-shape at the location of the mid-thickness across-the-width lamination. FE analysis also revealed that the presence of the mid-width across-the-thickness lamination changes the cup and cone fracture shape of the lamination-free wire without an opening to a cup and cone fracture shape with an opening at the location of the mid-width across-the-thickness lamination. The FE fracture behaviour prediction approach presented in this work serves as a tool for failure analysis of wires with lamination at different orientations which cannot be conducted experimentally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=across-the-width%20lamination" title="across-the-width lamination">across-the-width lamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20properties" title=" tensile properties"> tensile properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lamination%20location" title=" lamination location"> lamination location</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wire" title=" wire "> wire </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22128/numerical-prediction-of-effects-of-location-of-across-the-width-laminations-on-tensile-properties-of-rectangular-wires" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1209</span> Analysis of Contact Width and Contact Stress of Three-Layer Corrugated Metal Gasket</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Made%20Gatot%20Karohika">I. Made Gatot Karohika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeyuki%20Haruyama"> Shigeyuki Haruyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ken%20Kaminishi"> Ken Kaminishi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oke%20Oktavianty"> Oke Oktavianty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Didik%20Nurhadiyanto"> Didik Nurhadiyanto </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Contact width and contact stress are important parameters related to the leakage behavior of corrugated metal gasket. In this study, contact width and contact stress of three-layer corrugated metal gasket are investigated due to the modulus of elasticity and thickness of surface layer for 2 type gasket (0-MPa and 400-MPa mode). A finite element method was employed to develop simulation solution to analysis the effect of each parameter. The result indicated that lowering the modulus of elasticity ratio of surface layer will result in better contact width but the average contact stresses are smaller. When the modulus of elasticity ratio is held constant with thickness ratio increase, its contact width has an increscent trend otherwise the average contact stress has decreased trend. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20width" title="contact width">contact width</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20stress" title=" contact stress"> contact stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer" title=" layer"> layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20gasket" title=" metal gasket"> metal gasket</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrugated" title=" corrugated"> corrugated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64226/analysis-of-contact-width-and-contact-stress-of-three-layer-corrugated-metal-gasket" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64226.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1208</span> Nano Sol Based Solar Responsive Smart Window for Aircraft</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20A.%20D.%20D.%20Kuruppu">K. A. D. D. Kuruppu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20M.%20De%20Silva"> R. M. De Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20M.%20N.%20De%20Silva"> K. M. N. De Silva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research work was based on developing a solar responsive aircraft window panel which can be used as a self-cleaning surface and also a surface which degrade Volatile Organic compounds (VOC) available in the aircraft cabin areas. Further, this surface has the potential of harvesting energy from Solar. The transparent inorganic nano sol solution was prepared. The obtained sol solution was characterized using X-ray diffraction, Particle size analyzer and FT-IR. The existing nano material which shows the similar characteristics was also used to compare the efficiencies with the newly prepared nano sol. Nano sol solution was coated on cleaned four aircraft window pieces separately using a spin coater machine. The existing nano material was dissolved and prepared a solution having the similar concentration as nano sol solution. Pre-cleaned four aircraft window pieces were coated with this solution and the rest cleaned four aircraft window pieces were considered as control samples. The control samples were uncoated from anything. All the window pieces were allowed to dry at room temperature. All the twelve aircraft window pieces were uniform in all the factors other than the type of coating. The surface morphologies of the samples were analyzed using SEM. The photocatalytic degradation of VOC was determined after incorporating gas of Toluene to each sample followed by the analysis done by UV-VIS spectroscopy. The self- cleaning capabilities were analyzed after adding of several types of stains on the window pieces. The self-cleaning property of each sample was analyzed using UV-VIS spectroscopy. The highest photocatalytic degradation of Volatile Organic compound and the highest photocatalytic degradation of stains were obtained for the samples which were coated by the nano sol solution. Therefore, the experimental results clearly show that there is a potential of using this nano sol in aircraft window pieces which favors the self-cleaning property as well as efficient photocatalytic degradation of VOC gases. This will ensure safer environment inside aircraft cabins. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aircraft" title="aircraft">aircraft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano" title=" nano"> nano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20windows" title=" smart windows"> smart windows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar" title=" solar"> solar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82069/nano-sol-based-solar-responsive-smart-window-for-aircraft" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82069.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1207</span> Implementation of Multi-Carrier Pulse Width Modulation Techniques in Multilevel Inverter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Suresh%20Kumar">M. Suresh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Ramani"> K. Ramani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposed the Multi-Carrier Pulse Width Modulation for the minimization of Total Harmonic Distortion in Cascaded H-Bridge Multi-Level Inverter. Multicarrier Pulse Width Modulation method uses Alternate Position of Disposition scheme to determine the appropriate switching angle to Multi-Level Inverter. In this paper simulation results shows that the validation of Multi-Carrier Pulse Width Modulation method does capably eliminate a great number of precise harmonics and minimize the Total Harmonic Distortion value in output voltage waveform. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternate%20position" title="alternate position">alternate position</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20fourier%20analysis" title=" fast fourier analysis"> fast fourier analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-carrier%20pulse%20width%20modulation" title=" multi-carrier pulse width modulation"> multi-carrier pulse width modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-level%20inverter" title=" multi-level inverter"> multi-level inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20harmonic%20distortion" title=" total harmonic distortion"> total harmonic distortion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31826/implementation-of-multi-carrier-pulse-width-modulation-techniques-in-multilevel-inverter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31826.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">647</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1206</span> Comparison of Flow and Mixing Characteristics between Non-Oscillating and Transversely Oscillating Jet</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dinku%20Seyoum%20Zeleke">Dinku Seyoum Zeleke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rong%20Fung%20Huang"> Rong Fung Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching%20Min%20Hsu"> Ching Min Hsu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Comparison of flow and mixing characteristics between non-oscillating jet and transversely oscillating jet was investigated experimentally. Flow evolution process was detected by using high-speed digital camera, and jet spread width was calculated using binary edge detection techniques by using the long-exposure images. The velocity characteristics of transversely oscillating jet induced by a V-shaped fluidic oscillator were measured using single component hot-wire anemometer. The jet spread width of non-oscillating jet was much smaller than the jet exit gap because of behaving natural jet behaviors. However, the transversely oscillating jet has a larger jet spread width, which was associated with the excitation of the flow by self-induced oscillation. As a result, the flow mixing characteristics desperately improved both near-field and far-field. Therefore, this transversely oscillating jet has a better turbulence intensity, entrainment, and spreading width so that it augments flow-mixing characteristics desperately. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20mixing" title="flow mixing">flow mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transversely%20oscillating" title=" transversely oscillating"> transversely oscillating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spreading%20width" title=" spreading width"> spreading width</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20characteristics" title=" velocity characteristics"> velocity characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124309/comparison-of-flow-and-mixing-characteristics-between-non-oscillating-and-transversely-oscillating-jet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1205</span> Crack Width Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Members under Shrinkage Effect by Pseudo-Discrete Crack Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20J.%20Ma">F. J. Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20H.%20Kwan"> A. K. H. Kwan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crack caused by shrinkage movement of concrete is a serious problem especially when restraint is provided. It may cause severe serviceability and durability problems. The existing prediction methods for crack width of concrete due to shrinkage movement are mainly numerical methods under simplified circumstances, which do not agree with each other. To get a more unified prediction method applicable to more sophisticated circumstances, finite element crack width analysis for shrinkage effect should be developed. However, no existing finite element analysis can be carried out to predict the crack width of concrete due to shrinkage movement because of unsolved reasons of conventional finite element analysis. In this paper, crack width analysis implemented by finite element analysis is presented with pseudo-discrete crack model, which combines traditional smeared crack model and newly proposed crack queuing algorithm. The proposed pseudo-discrete crack model is capable of simulating separate and single crack without adopting discrete crack element. And the improved finite element analysis can successfully simulate the stress redistribution when concrete is cracked, which is crucial for predicting crack width, crack spacing and crack number. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%20queuing%20algorithm" title="crack queuing algorithm">crack queuing algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%20width%20analysis" title=" crack width analysis"> crack width analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shrinkage%20effect" title=" shrinkage effect"> shrinkage effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50507/crack-width-analysis-of-reinforced-concrete-members-under-shrinkage-effect-by-pseudo-discrete-crack-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1204</span> Classification of EEG Signals Based on Dynamic Connectivity Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoran%20%C5%A0verko">Zoran Šverko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sa%C5%A1a%20Vlahini%C4%87"> Saša Vlahinić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nino%20Stojkovi%C4%87"> Nino Stojković</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Markovinovi%C4%87"> Ivan Markovinović</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, the classification of target letters is performed using data from the EEG P300 Speller paradigm. Neural networks trained with the results of dynamic connectivity analysis between different brain regions are used for classification. Dynamic connectivity analysis is based on the adaptive window size and the imaginary part of the complex Pearson correlation coefficient. Brain dynamics are analysed using the relative intersection of confidence intervals for the imaginary component of the complex Pearson correlation coefficient method (RICI-imCPCC). The RICI-imCPCC method overcomes the shortcomings of currently used dynamical connectivity analysis methods, such as the low reliability and low temporal precision for short connectivity intervals encountered in constant sliding window analysis with wide window size and the high susceptibility to noise encountered in constant sliding window analysis with narrow window size. This method overcomes these shortcomings by dynamically adjusting the window size using the RICI rule. This method extracts information about brain connections for each time sample. Seventy percent of the extracted brain connectivity information is used for training and thirty percent for validation. Classification of the target word is also done and based on the same analysis method. As far as we know, through this research, we have shown for the first time that dynamic connectivity can be used as a parameter for classifying EEG signals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20connectivity%20analysis" title="dynamic connectivity analysis">dynamic connectivity analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEG" title=" EEG"> EEG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pearson%20correlation%20coefficients" title=" Pearson correlation coefficients"> Pearson correlation coefficients</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159091/classification-of-eeg-signals-based-on-dynamic-connectivity-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159091.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1203</span> An Improved Dynamic Window Approach with Environment Awareness for Local Obstacle Avoidance of Mobile Robots</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baoshan%20Wei">Baoshan Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuai%20Han"> Shuai Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xing%20Zhang"> Xing Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Local obstacle avoidance is critical for mobile robot navigation. It is a challenging task to ensure path optimality and safety in cluttered environments. We proposed an Environment Aware Dynamic Window Approach in this paper to cope with the issue. The method integrates environment characterization into Dynamic Window Approach (DWA). Two strategies are proposed in order to achieve the integration. The local goal strategy guides the robot to move through openings before approaching the final goal, which solves the local minima problem in DWA. The adaptive control strategy endows the robot to adjust its state according to the environment, which addresses path safety compared with DWA. Besides, the evaluation shows that the path generated from the proposed algorithm is safer and smoother compared with state-of-the-art algorithms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20control" title="adaptive control">adaptive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20window%20approach" title=" dynamic window approach"> dynamic window approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment%20aware" title=" environment aware"> environment aware</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20obstacle%20avoidance" title=" local obstacle avoidance"> local obstacle avoidance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20robots" title=" mobile robots"> mobile robots</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102425/an-improved-dynamic-window-approach-with-environment-awareness-for-local-obstacle-avoidance-of-mobile-robots" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20width%20%28WW%29&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20width%20%28WW%29&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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