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class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neighborhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighborhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Neighborhoods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighborhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Central" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Central </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Side" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Side"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 North Side </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Side-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Side" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Side"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3 South Side </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Side-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Side" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Side"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.4 East Side </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Side-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_Side" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_Side"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.5 West Side </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_Side-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2020_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 2020 census </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 2010 census </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Historical </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Current </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Entertainment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Theater </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Museums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_nature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_nature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Parks and nature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_nature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Sports </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sports subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Youngstown_State_Penguins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Youngstown_State_Penguins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Youngstown State Penguins </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Youngstown_State_Penguins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Other Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Crime </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_and_secondary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_and_secondary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Primary and secondary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_and_secondary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Higher education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Media </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Media subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Print" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Print"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Print </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Print-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 TV </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Radio </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-AM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 AM </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 FM </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Transportation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transportation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_transit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Public transit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Air </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Rail </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rideshare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rideshare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 Rideshare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rideshare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Youngstown, Ohio</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" > 57 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88)" title="يونغزتاون (أوهايو) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يونغزتاون (أوهايو)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88" title="یانقزتاون، اوهایو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یانقزتاون، اوهایو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown_(Ohio)" title="Youngstown (Ohio) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Youngstown (Ohio)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD" title="Янгстаўн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Янгстаўн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Йънгстаун – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йънгстаун" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown_(kapital_sa_kondado)" title="Youngstown (kapital sa kondado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Youngstown (kapital sa kondado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown_(Ohio)" title="Youngstown (Ohio) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Youngstown (Ohio)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Youngstown, Ohio" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngs_Town" title="Youngs Town – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Youngs Town" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown_(Ohio)" title="Youngstown (Ohio) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Youngstown (Ohio)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown" title="Youngstown – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Youngstown" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown_(Ohio)" title="Youngstown (Ohio) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Youngstown (Ohio)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown_(Ohio)" title="Youngstown (Ohio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Youngstown (Ohio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown_(Ohio)" title="Youngstown (Ohio) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Youngstown (Ohio)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88" title="یانگزتاون، اوهایو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یانگزتاون، اوهایو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown_(Ohio)" title="Youngstown (Ohio) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Youngstown (Ohio)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Youngstown, Ohio" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Youngstown, Ohio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%86_(%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A4)" title="یانگزتاؤن (اؤهایؤ) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="یانگزتاؤن (اؤهایؤ)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B4_(%EC%98%A4%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EC%A3%BC)" title="영스타운 (오하이오주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영스타운 (오하이오주)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Youngstown, Ohio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Youngstown, Ohio" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown_(Ohio)" title="Youngstown (Ohio) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Youngstown (Ohio)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9F" title="ינגסטאון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ינגסטאון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%96%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="იანგზტაუნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იანგზტაუნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD_(%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE)" title="Янгстаун (Огайо) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Янгстаун (Огайо)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Youngstown, Ohio" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD_(%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE)" title="Янгстаун (Огайо) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Янгстаун (Огайо)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jangstauna" title="Jangstauna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jangstauna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jangstaunas" title="Jangstaunas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jangstaunas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown" title="Youngstown – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Youngstown" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%97%E0%B5%BA" title="യങ്‌സ്‌ടൗൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യങ്‌സ്‌ടൗൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86" title="يونجزتاون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يونجزتاون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown_(Ohio)" title="Youngstown (Ohio) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Youngstown (Ohio)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3_(%E3%82%AA%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E5%B7%9E)" title="ヤングスタウン (オハイオ州) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヤングスタウン (オハイオ州)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Янгстаун – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Янгстаун" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown" title="Youngstown – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Youngstown" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown" title="Youngstown – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Youngstown" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown_(Ohio)" title="Youngstown (Ohio) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Youngstown (Ohio)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown_(Ohio)" title="Youngstown (Ohio) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Youngstown (Ohio)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Янгстаун – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Янгстаун" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Йонгстаун – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Йонгстаун" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Youngstown, Ohio" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Youngstown, Ohio" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD_(%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BE)" title="Јангстаун (Охајо) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јангстаун (Охајо)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Youngstown, Ohio" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown_(Ohio)" title="Youngstown (Ohio) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Youngstown (Ohio)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown" title="Youngstown – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Youngstown" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Youngstown, Ohio" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Янгстаун – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Янгстаун" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Youngstown, Ohio" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Янгстаун – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Янгстаун" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B2%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88" title="ینگزٹاؤن، اوہائیو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ینگزٹاؤن، اوہائیو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Youngstown, Ohio" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown_(Ohio)" title="Youngstown (Ohio) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Youngstown (Ohio)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio – Waray" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Youngstown,_Ohio&params=41_6_N_80_39_W_region:US-OH_type:city">41°6′N 80°39′W / 41.100°N 80.650°W / 41.100; -80.650</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Youngstown" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Youngstown (disambiguation)">Youngstown (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Ohio</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive 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.infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Youngstown, Ohio</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="border:1;;height:109px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Youngstown_skyline_Wean_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Youngstown_skyline_Wean_Park.jpg/288px-Youngstown_skyline_Wean_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Youngstown_skyline_Wean_Park.jpg/432px-Youngstown_skyline_Wean_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Youngstown_skyline_Wean_Park.jpg/576px-Youngstown_skyline_Wean_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="733" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Youngstown" title="Downtown Youngstown">Downtown Youngstown</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:100px;max-width:100px"><div style="border:1;;height:130px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Youngstown_Federal_Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Downtown_Youngstown_Federal_Night.jpg/98px-Downtown_Youngstown_Federal_Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Downtown_Youngstown_Federal_Night.jpg/147px-Downtown_Youngstown_Federal_Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Downtown_Youngstown_Federal_Night.jpg/196px-Downtown_Youngstown_Federal_Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Tower_(Youngstown)" title="Metropolitan Tower (Youngstown)">Metropolitan Tower</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:188px;max-width:188px"><div style="border:1;;height:130px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Mill_Creek_Park_Lanterman%27s_Mill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mill_Creek_Park_Lanterman%27s_Mill.jpg/186px-Mill_Creek_Park_Lanterman%27s_Mill.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mill_Creek_Park_Lanterman%27s_Mill.jpg/279px-Mill_Creek_Park_Lanterman%27s_Mill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mill_Creek_Park_Lanterman%27s_Mill.jpg/372px-Mill_Creek_Park_Lanterman%27s_Mill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3189" data-file-height="2226" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Mill_Creek_Park" title="Mill Creek Park">Mill Creek Park</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="border:1;;height:106px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:JonesHall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/JonesHall.jpg/142px-JonesHall.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/JonesHall.jpg/213px-JonesHall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/JonesHall.jpg/284px-JonesHall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_State_University" title="Youngstown State University">Youngstown State University</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="border:1;;height:106px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:HENRY_H_STAMBAUGH_MEMORIAL_AUDITORIUM_._FRONT_ENTRANCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/HENRY_H_STAMBAUGH_MEMORIAL_AUDITORIUM_._FRONT_ENTRANCE.jpg/142px-HENRY_H_STAMBAUGH_MEMORIAL_AUDITORIUM_._FRONT_ENTRANCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/HENRY_H_STAMBAUGH_MEMORIAL_AUDITORIUM_._FRONT_ENTRANCE.jpg/213px-HENRY_H_STAMBAUGH_MEMORIAL_AUDITORIUM_._FRONT_ENTRANCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/HENRY_H_STAMBAUGH_MEMORIAL_AUDITORIUM_._FRONT_ENTRANCE.jpg/284px-HENRY_H_STAMBAUGH_MEMORIAL_AUDITORIUM_._FRONT_ENTRANCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Stambaugh_Auditorium" title="Stambaugh Auditorium">Stambaugh Auditorium</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Youngstown,_Ohio.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Youngstown, Ohio"><img alt="Official seal of Youngstown, Ohio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Seal_of_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.svg/100px-Seal_of_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Seal_of_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.svg/150px-Seal_of_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Seal_of_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.svg/200px-Seal_of_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Youngstown,_Ohio_wordmark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Youngstown, Ohio"><img alt="Official logo of Youngstown, Ohio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Youngstown%2C_Ohio_wordmark.svg/150px-Youngstown%2C_Ohio_wordmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Youngstown%2C_Ohio_wordmark.svg/225px-Youngstown%2C_Ohio_wordmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Youngstown%2C_Ohio_wordmark.svg/300px-Youngstown%2C_Ohio_wordmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="161" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Wordmark" title="Wordmark">Wordmark</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">The City of You; The YO; Steel Town;<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Little Chicago;<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Y-Town</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 290px; height: 290px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="290" data-zoom="11" data-lat="41.0998" data-lon="-80.6495" data-overlays="["_5506b77f8e84e48c83c6f255373b257790e6d9bf"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/11/41.0998/-80.6495/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,41.0998,-80.6495,290x290.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Youngstown%2C_Ohio&revid=1250403743&groups=_5506b77f8e84e48c83c6f255373b257790e6d9bf" width="290" height="290" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,41.0998,-80.6495,290x290@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Youngstown%2C_Ohio&revid=1250403743&groups=_5506b77f8e84e48c83c6f255373b257790e6d9bf 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map of Youngstown</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Ohio_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Youngstown is located in Ohio"><img alt="Youngstown is located in Ohio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/USA_Ohio_relief_location_map.svg/250px-USA_Ohio_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/USA_Ohio_relief_location_map.svg/375px-USA_Ohio_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/USA_Ohio_relief_location_map.svg/500px-USA_Ohio_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1010" data-file-height="1200" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:32.558%;left:92.553%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Youngstown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Youngstown</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of Ohio</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Youngstown is located in the United States"><img alt="Youngstown is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/250px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/375px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/500px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.652%;left:74.9%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Youngstown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Youngstown</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of the United States</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Youngstown,_Ohio&params=41_6_N_80_39_W_region:US-OH_type:city">41°6′N 80°39′W / 41.100°N 80.650°W / 41.100; -80.650</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="320" /> <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Ohio" title="List of counties in Ohio">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Mahoning County, Ohio">Mahoning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Trumbull County, Ohio">Trumbull</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1796</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated</th><td class="infobox-data">1848 (<a href="/wiki/Village_(United_States)" title="Village (United States)">village</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> </th><td class="infobox-data">1867 (<a href="/wiki/City" title="City">city</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Young_(pioneer)" title="John Young (pioneer)">John Young</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data">John Young</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Council of the City of Youngstown</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Youngstown,_Ohio" title="List of mayors of Youngstown, Ohio">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Jamael Tito Brown (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-TigerWebMapServer-4">[4]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">34.56 sq mi (89.52 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">33.93 sq mi (87.87 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">0.64 sq mi (1.64 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">60,068</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,770.40/sq mi (683.56/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">320,901 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">US: 127th</a>)<a href="#cite_note-urban_area-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,637.6/sq mi (632.3/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">430,591 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Metropolitan_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas">125th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">CSA</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">532,468 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Combined_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Combined Statistical Areas">87th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Youngstownian[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">Eastern Standard Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4">UTC−4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">Eastern Daylight Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>15 total ZIP Codes:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">44501–44507, 44509–44515, 44555</li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Area_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_330_and_234" title="Area codes 330 and 234">330 and 234</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">39-88000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data">1086573<a href="#cite_note-gnis-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://youngstownohio.gov/">youngstownohio.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Youngstown is a city in and the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Mahoning County, Ohio">Mahoning County, Ohio</a>, United States. At the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>, it had a population of 60,068, making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Ohio" title="List of municipalities in Ohio">eleventh-most populous city</a> in Ohio.<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts2020-7">[7]</a> It is a principal city of the <a href="/wiki/Mahoning_Valley" title="Mahoning Valley">Youngstown–Warren metropolitan area</a>, which had 430,591 residents in 2020 and is the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_statistical_areas" title="Ohio statistical areas">seventh-largest metro area</a> in Ohio.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Youngstown is situated on the <a href="/wiki/Mahoning_River" title="Mahoning River">Mahoning River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Ohio" title="Northeast Ohio">Northeast Ohio</a>, 58 miles (93 km) southeast of <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a> and 61 miles (100 km) northwest of <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>. Youngstown is a <a href="/wiki/Midwestern" class="mw-redirect" title="Midwestern">midwestern</a> city located at the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a>. The city was named for <a href="/wiki/John_Young_(pioneer)" title="John Young (pioneer)">John Young</a>, an early settler from <a href="/wiki/Whitestown,_New_York" title="Whitestown, New York">Whitestown, New York</a>, who established the community's first <a href="/wiki/Sawmill" title="Sawmill">sawmill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gristmill" title="Gristmill">gristmill</a>. It was an early industrial city of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and became known as a center of <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> production. With the movement of jobs offshore as the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_iron_and_steel_industry_in_the_United_States" title="History of the iron and steel industry in the United States">steel industry in the United States</a> fell into decline in the 1970s, the city became exemplary of the <a href="/wiki/Rust_Belt" title="Rust Belt">Rust Belt</a>. Youngstown has seen declines in population of nearly 65 percent within its city limits and about 15 percent in the metro area since 1960. <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Youngstown" title="Downtown Youngstown">Downtown Youngstown</a> has seen various revitalization efforts in the 21st century, including the <a href="/wiki/Covelli_Centre" title="Covelli Centre">Covelli Centre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Foundation_Amphitheatre" title="Youngstown Foundation Amphitheatre">Youngstown Foundation Amphitheatre</a>. Other notable institutions in the city include the <a href="/wiki/Butler_Institute_of_American_Art" title="Butler Institute of American Art">Butler Institute of American Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mill_Creek_Park" title="Mill Creek Park">Mill Creek Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stambaugh_Auditorium" title="Stambaugh Auditorium">Stambaugh Auditorium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_State_University" title="Youngstown State University">Youngstown State University</a>. Youngstown's first new downtown hotel since 1974—the <a href="/wiki/DoubleTree_by_Hilton" class="mw-redirect" title="DoubleTree by Hilton">DoubleTree by Hilton</a>—opened in 2018 in the historic Stambaugh Building, adapted for this use.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding">Founding</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Image_David_Tod,_Abbots_History_of_Ohio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Image_David_Tod%2C_Abbots_History_of_Ohio.jpg/170px-Image_David_Tod%2C_Abbots_History_of_Ohio.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Image_David_Tod%2C_Abbots_History_of_Ohio.jpg/255px-Image_David_Tod%2C_Abbots_History_of_Ohio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Image_David_Tod%2C_Abbots_History_of_Ohio.jpg/340px-Image_David_Tod%2C_Abbots_History_of_Ohio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="868" /></a><figcaption>Governor <a href="/wiki/David_Tod" title="David Tod">David Tod</a></figcaption></figure> Youngstown was named for New York native <a href="/wiki/John_Young_(pioneer)" title="John Young (pioneer)">John Young</a>, who surveyed the area in 1796 and settled there soon afterward.<a href="#cite_note-vind-yo-10-15-24-10">[10]</a> On February 9, 1797, Young purchased the township of 15,560 acres (6,300 ha) from the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Western_Reserve" title="Connecticut Western Reserve">Western Reserve Land Company</a> for $16,085.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> The 1797 establishment of Youngstown was officially recorded on August 19, 1802.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The area that includes present-day Youngstown was part of the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Western_Reserve" title="Connecticut Western Reserve">Connecticut Western Reserve</a>, a section of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a> that <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> initially did not cede to the federal government.<a href="#cite_note-officialoh-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-up-14">[14]</a> Upon cession, Connecticut retained the <a href="/wiki/Title_(property)" title="Title (property)">title</a> to the land in the Western Reserve, which it sold to the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Land_Company" title="Connecticut Land Company">Connecticut Land Company</a> for $1,200,000.<a href="#cite_note-officialoh-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-up-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-ohsub-15">[15]</a> While many of the area's early settlers came from Connecticut, Youngstown attracted many <a href="/wiki/Scots-Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots-Irish American">Scots-Irish</a> settlers from neighboring <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The first European Americans to settle permanently in the area were Pittsburgh native James Hillman and wife Catherine Dougherty.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> By 1798, Youngstown was the home of several families who were concentrated near where Mill Creek meets the <a href="/wiki/Mahoning_River" title="Mahoning River">Mahoning River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Blue13-18">[18]</a> <a href="/wiki/Boardman_Township,_Ohio" title="Boardman Township, Ohio">Boardman Township</a> was founded in 1798 by <a href="/wiki/Elijah_Boardman" title="Elijah Boardman">Elijah Boardman</a>, a member of the Connecticut Land Company. Also founded in 1798 was <a href="/wiki/Austintown,_Ohio" title="Austintown, Ohio">Austintown</a> by John McCollum who was a settler from <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> As the Western Reserve's population grew, the need for administrative districts became apparent. In 1800, territorial governor <a href="/wiki/Arthur_St._Clair" title="Arthur St. Clair">Arthur St. Clair</a> established Trumbull County (named in honor of Connecticut Governor <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Trumbull" title="Jonathan Trumbull">Jonathan Trumbull</a>), and designated the smaller settlement of Warren as its administrative center, or <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> In 1813, Trumbull County was divided into townships, with Youngstown Township comprising much of what became Mahoning County.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The village of Youngstown was incorporated in 1848, and in 1867 Youngstown was chartered as a city. It became the county seat in 1876, when the administrative center of Mahoning County was moved from neighboring <a href="/wiki/Canfield,_Ohio" title="Canfield, Ohio">Canfield</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Youngstown has been Mahoning County's county seat to this day.<a href="#cite_note-GR6-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth_and_industrialization">Growth and industrialization</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Growth and industrialization">edit</a>]</div> The discovery of coal by the community in the early 19th century paved the way for the Youngstown area's inclusion on the network of the famed <a href="/wiki/Erie_Canal" title="Erie Canal">Erie Canal</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_and_Ohio_Canal" title="Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal">Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal</a> Company was organized in 1835, and the canal was completed in 1840.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Local industrialist <a href="/wiki/David_Tod" title="David Tod">David Tod</a>, who became Ohio governor during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, persuaded <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a> steamboat owners that coal mined in the Mahoning Valley could fuel their vessels if canal transportation were available between Youngstown and Cleveland. The railroad's arrival in 1856 smoothed the path for further economic growth.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Youngstown's industrial development changed the face of the Mahoning Valley. The community's burgeoning coal industry drew hundreds of immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Americans" title="Welsh Americans">Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">Germany</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Ireland</a>. With the establishment of steel mills in the late 19th century, Youngstown became a popular destination for immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Greek_Americans" title="Greek Americans">Greece</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RepublicIron%26SteelWorks_YoungstownOH_1900s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/RepublicIron%26SteelWorks_YoungstownOH_1900s.jpg/220px-RepublicIron%26SteelWorks_YoungstownOH_1900s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/RepublicIron%26SteelWorks_YoungstownOH_1900s.jpg/330px-RepublicIron%26SteelWorks_YoungstownOH_1900s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/RepublicIron%26SteelWorks_YoungstownOH_1900s.jpg/440px-RepublicIron%26SteelWorks_YoungstownOH_1900s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Republic_Steel" title="Republic Steel">Republic Iron and Steel Works</a>, early 1900s</figcaption></figure> In the early 20th century, the community saw an influx of immigrants from non-European countries including what is modern day <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> By the 1920s, this dramatic demographic shift produced a nativist backlash, and the Mahoning Valley became a center of <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> activity.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The situation reached a climax in 1924, when street clashes between Klan members and <a href="/wiki/Italian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian American">Italian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish American">Irish</a> Americans in neighboring <a href="/wiki/Niles,_Ohio" title="Niles, Ohio">Niles</a> led Ohio Governor <a href="/wiki/A._Victor_Donahey" class="mw-redirect" title="A. Victor Donahey">A. Victor Donahey</a> to declare martial law.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> By 1928 the Klan was in steep decline; and three years later, the organization sold its Canfield, Ohio, meeting area, Kountry Klub Field.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Despite the prevalence of Irish Americans in Youngstown, their presence wasn't always evident. When radio personality Pete Gabriel (who was Greek) came to Youngstown, he found out that there was no <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Patrick's Day">St. Patrick's Day</a> parade there at the time, so he started one.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The growth of industry attracted people from within the United States and from <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>. By the late 19th century, <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> were well represented in Youngstown, and the first local congregation of the <a href="/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="African Methodist Episcopal Church">African Methodist Episcopal Church</a> was established in 1871.<a href="#cite_note-Aley46-32">[32]</a> In the 1880s, local attorney <a href="/wiki/William_R._Stewart" title="William R. Stewart">William R. Stewart</a> was the second African American elected to the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_House_of_Representatives" title="Ohio House of Representatives">Ohio House of Representatives</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> A large influx of African Americans in the early 20th century owed much to developments in the industrial sector. During the national <a href="/wiki/Steel_Strike_of_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Steel Strike of 1919">Steel Strike of 1919</a>, local industrialists recruited thousands of workers from the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a>, many of whom were Black.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> This move inflamed racist sentiment among local Whites, and for decades, African-American steelworkers experienced discrimination in the workplace.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Migration from the South rose dramatically in the 1940s, when the mechanization of southern agriculture brought an end to the <a href="/wiki/Sharecropping" title="Sharecropping">sharecropping</a> system, leading onetime farm laborers to seek industrial jobs.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YoungstownOhio1910s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/YoungstownOhio1910s.jpg/220px-YoungstownOhio1910s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/YoungstownOhio1910s.jpg/330px-YoungstownOhio1910s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/YoungstownOhio1910s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="245" /></a><figcaption>Youngstown, 1910s: Central Square and Viaduct (view looking south)</figcaption></figure> Youngstown's local <a href="/wiki/Iron_ore" title="Iron ore">iron ore</a> deposits were exhausted by the early 20th century. Since the city is landlocked (the <a href="/wiki/Mahoning_River" title="Mahoning River">Mahoning River</a> is not navigable), ore from <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> had to arrive by rail from <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a> and other Great Lakes port cities where large bulk carriers were unloaded. This put Youngstown at a competitive disadvantage to the iron and steel producers in Cleveland, <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>—all on Great Lake shores. Compared to these four cities, Youngstown had a higher cost of transporting raw materials to the mills, according to a <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_Review" title="Harvard Business Review">Harvard Business Review</a> report published in January 1933. Higher transportation costs are one reason why Youngstown mills began their decline slightly earlier than manufacturing in other cities.<a href="#cite_note-Transport_costs-38">[38]</a> The city had a healthy position within the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> in terms of transportation connections. An airport built in 1930 hosted <a href="/wiki/Capital_Airlines_(United_States)" title="Capital Airlines (United States)">Capital</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> flights through the region and to New York prior to the jet age of the latter 1950s. It was on the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad" title="Baltimore and Ohio Railroad">Baltimore and Ohio Railroad</a> <a href="/wiki/Mainline_(railway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainline (railway)">mainline</a> to Chicago with the <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Limited_(B%26O_train)" title="Capitol Limited (B&O train)">Capital Limited</a>. Likewise, Youngstown was on the <a href="/wiki/Erie_Railroad" title="Erie Railroad">Erie Railroad</a> mainline, on its Chicago-Jersey City circuit, with trains such as the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Express_and_Pacific_Express" title="Atlantic Express and Pacific Express">Atlantic Express/Pacific Express</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Cities_(train)" title="Lake Cities (train)">Lake Cities</a>. The city was on the New York Central's Pittsburgh-Buffalo circuit and the Pennsylvania Railroad's Pittsburgh-Cleveland circuit.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-World_War_II_decline">Post-World War II decline</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-World War II decline">edit</a>]</div> The city's population became more diverse after the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, when a seemingly robust steel industry attracted thousands of workers.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> In the 1950s, the <a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanics in the United States">Latino</a> population grew significantly; and by the 1970s, <a href="/wiki/St._Rose_of_Lima" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Rose of Lima">St. Rose of Lima</a> Roman Catholic Church and the First Spanish <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> Church of Ohio were among the largest religious institutions for Spanish-speaking residents in the Youngstown metropolitan area.<a href="#cite_note-Aley46-32">[32]</a> In 1951, city planners projected that Youngstown would grow to 200,000 to 250,000 in population due to continuously strong demand for domestic steel in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">western Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, and so 12,000 acres on the city's East Side were annexed and extended utilities in expectation of future housing projects, in addition to aggressive re-zoning for expanded commercial spaces throughout the city.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> At 11:30 on Wednesday, September 6, 1967, only 9 of the 50 scheduled patrolmen arrived for work at the Youngstown Police Department. The others were not <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">on strike</a>. That was prevented by Ohio state law. The patrolmen, eventually numbering 300, along with another 300 city-employed firefighters, were instead attending "continuous professional meetings", and would be until their demand for an immediate across-the-board raise of $1200 was met.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> By Saturday, the day they were ordered back to their jobs by a <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Courts_of_Common_Pleas" title="Ohio Courts of Common Pleas">Common Pleas Court</a> judge, citizens were reported as disturbed, rather than badly frightened, by the risks of police and fire services operating at about 30% normal headcounts. A car fire was the worst single incident. When ending the strike the judge also ordered the pay raise.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Apart from a fruitless six-day "sick call" of police in Detroit in June 1967, Youngstown's was the first major police strike since the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Police_Strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Police Strike">Boston Police Strike</a> in 1919. As the editorial writers at <a href="/wiki/The_Sheboygan_Press" title="The Sheboygan Press">The Sheboygan Press</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sheboygan,_Wisconsin" title="Sheboygan, Wisconsin">Sheboygan, Wisconsin</a> put it, "So we have seen the first successful strike by policemen and firemen. It is a precedent over which there should be little rejoicing."<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Economy of Youngstown, Ohio">industrial economy</a> that drew various groups to the area collapsed in the late 1970s, culminating with the September 19, 1977, closure of the <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Sheet_and_Tube" title="Youngstown Sheet and Tube">Youngstown Sheet and Tube</a> <a href="/wiki/Campbell,_Ohio" title="Campbell, Ohio">Campbell Works</a> after financial downturn due to changes in the steel manufacturing process and international competition.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> In response to subsequent challenges, the city has taken well-publicized steps to diversify economically, while building on some traditional strengths.<a href="#cite_note-nasser-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_developments">Modern developments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern developments">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nathaniel_R._Jones_Federal_Building_%26_U.S._Courthouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Nathaniel_R._Jones_Federal_Building_%26_U.S._Courthouse.jpg/220px-Nathaniel_R._Jones_Federal_Building_%26_U.S._Courthouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Nathaniel_R._Jones_Federal_Building_%26_U.S._Courthouse.jpg/330px-Nathaniel_R._Jones_Federal_Building_%26_U.S._Courthouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Nathaniel_R._Jones_Federal_Building_%26_U.S._Courthouse.jpg/440px-Nathaniel_R._Jones_Federal_Building_%26_U.S._Courthouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1791" data-file-height="1201" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_R._Jones" title="Nathaniel R. Jones">Nathaniel R. Jones</a> Federal Building and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Sixth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit">U.S. Courthouse</a> was built during an era of new downtown construction in the early 2000s.</figcaption></figure> Downtown Youngstown has seen modest levels of new construction. In the 2000s, additions included the <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_R._Jones" title="Nathaniel R. Jones">Nathaniel R. Jones</a> Federal Building and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Sixth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit">U.S. Courthouse</a> in 2002, designed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._M._Stern" title="Robert A. M. Stern">Robert A. M. Stern Architects</a>,<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> the Mahoning County Children's Services Center and <a href="/wiki/George_Voinovich" title="George Voinovich">George Voinovich</a> Government Center in 2004, and both the <a href="/wiki/Covelli_Centre" title="Covelli Centre">Covelli Centre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Seventh_District_Court_of_Appeals" title="Ohio Seventh District Court of Appeals">Ohio Seventh District Court of Appeals</a> in 2006. In 2004, construction began on a 60-home upscale development called Arlington Heights, and a grant from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">United States Department of Housing and Urban Development</a> allowed for the demolition of Westlake Terrace, a sprawling and dilapidated public housing project. Today, the site features a blend of senior housing, rental townhouses and for-sale single-family homes. Low real-estate prices and the efforts of the Youngstown Central Area Improvement Corporation have contributed to the purchase of several long-abandoned downtown buildings (many by outside investors) and their restoration and conversion into specialty shops, restaurants, and eventually condominiums. In addition, a $250 million <a href="/wiki/New_Urbanist" class="mw-redirect" title="New Urbanist">New Urbanist</a> revitalization of the Smoky Hollow neighborhood developed about 400 new residential units, university student housing, retail space, and a park.<a href="#cite_note-skolnick2-50">[50]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Youngstown_in_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Downtown_Youngstown_in_2020.jpg/220px-Downtown_Youngstown_in_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Downtown_Youngstown_in_2020.jpg/330px-Downtown_Youngstown_in_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Downtown_Youngstown_in_2020.jpg/440px-Downtown_Youngstown_in_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Downtown Youngstown in 2020</figcaption></figure> In 2005, Federal Street, a major downtown thoroughfare that was closed off to create a pedestrian-oriented plaza, reopened to traffic. The downtown area has seen the razing of structurally unsound buildings and the expansion or restoration of others.<a href="#cite_note-vindy-yo-09-21-06-51">[51]</a> New construction has dovetailed with efforts to cultivate business growth. One of the area's more successful business ventures in recent years has been the Youngstown <a href="/wiki/Business_Incubator" class="mw-redirect" title="Business Incubator">Business Incubator</a>, which fosters the growth of fledgling technology-based companies.<a href="#cite_note-shilling-52">[52]</a> In line with these efforts to change the community's image, the city government, in partnership with Youngstown State University, has organized an ambitious urban renewal plan known as Youngstown 2010. The stated goals of Youngstown 2010 include the creation of a "cleaner, greener, and better planned and organized Youngstown". In January 2005, the organization unveiled a master plan prepared by Urban Strategies Inc. of <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, which had taken shape during an extensive process of public consultation and meetings that gathered input from citizens.<a href="#cite_note-schatz-53">[53]</a> The plan, which included platforms such as the acceptance of a reduced population and an improved image and quality of life, received national attention and is consistent with efforts in other metropolitan areas to address the phenomenon of urban depopulation.<a href="#cite_note-nasser-48">[48]</a> Youngstown 2010 received an award for public outreach from the <a href="/wiki/American_Planning_Association" title="American Planning Association">American Planning Association</a> in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> On May 28, 2024, <a href="/wiki/Realty_Building_explosion" title="Realty Building explosion">an explosion</a> destroyed most of the first floor of the Realty Building in downtown Youngstown and severely damaged the floors above it, killing one bank employee and injuring seven.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The explosion was suspected to have been caused by a <a href="/wiki/Methane_leak" title="Methane leak">natural gas leak</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahoning_River_Market_Street_Bridge_Youngstown.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mahoning_River_Market_Street_Bridge_Youngstown.jpg/220px-Mahoning_River_Market_Street_Bridge_Youngstown.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mahoning_River_Market_Street_Bridge_Youngstown.jpg/330px-Mahoning_River_Market_Street_Bridge_Youngstown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mahoning_River_Market_Street_Bridge_Youngstown.jpg/440px-Mahoning_River_Market_Street_Bridge_Youngstown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3325" data-file-height="2494" /></a><figcaption>A portion of the <a href="/wiki/Mahoning_River" title="Mahoning River">Mahoning River</a> that passes through Youngstown</figcaption></figure> According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, the city has an area of 34.60 square miles (89.61 km2), of which 33.96 square miles (87.96 km2) is land and 0.64 square miles (1.66 km2) is water.<a href="#cite_note-Gazetteer_files-56">[56]</a> Youngstown is in the <a href="/wiki/Mahoning_Valley" title="Mahoning Valley">Mahoning Valley</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Glaciated_Allegheny_Plateau" title="Glaciated Allegheny Plateau">Glaciated Allegheny Plateau</a>. At the end of the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Period" title="Last Glacial Period">last ice age</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">glaciers</a> left behind a uniform plain, with valleys such as that caused by the <a href="/wiki/Mahoning_River" title="Mahoning River">Mahoning River</a> traversing the plain.<a href="#cite_note-Aley89-57">[57]</a> Lakes created by glaciers that dammed small streams were eventually drained, leaving behind fertile terrain.<a href="#cite_note-Aley89-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Neighborhoods">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Central">Central</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Central">edit</a>]</div> Central Youngstown consists of the original city layout designed by <a href="/wiki/John_Young_(pioneer)" title="John Young (pioneer)">John Young</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Youngstown" title="Downtown Youngstown">Downtown Youngstown</a>. Downtown Youngstown is the site of most of the city's government buildings and banks. A number of entertainment venues are also located in the downtown, including the <a href="/wiki/Covelli_Centre" title="Covelli Centre">Covelli Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Powers_Auditorium" title="Powers Auditorium">Powers Auditorium</a>, the DeYor Performing Arts Center, and <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Foundation_Amphitheatre" title="Youngstown Foundation Amphitheatre">Youngstown Foundation Amphitheatre</a>. In addition, the downtown sits to the immediate south of notable cultural and educational resources, including <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_State_University" title="Youngstown State University">Youngstown State University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Butler_Institute_of_American_Art" title="Butler Institute of American Art">Butler Institute of American Art</a>, and the McDonough Museum of Contemporary Art. The <a href="/wiki/Arlington_Avenue_Historic_District" title="Arlington Avenue Historic District">Arlington</a>, Mahoning Commons, Riverbend, <a href="/wiki/Smoky_Hollow_(neighborhood)" title="Smoky Hollow (neighborhood)">Smoky Hollow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_State_University" title="Youngstown State University">University</a> neighborhoods that surround downtown compromise what is considered Central Youngstown. The area is the smallest division of Youngstown, as well as its least populous, but also its least residential by zoning. It is surrounded by the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_680_(Ohio)" title="Interstate 680 (Ohio)">I-680</a> and Madison Avenue Expressway highway system.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="North_Side">North Side</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: North Side">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Renner_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/George_Renner_House.jpg/220px-George_Renner_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/George_Renner_House.jpg/330px-George_Renner_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/George_Renner_House.jpg/440px-George_Renner_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/George_J._Renner_Jr._House" title="George J. Renner Jr. House">George J. Renner Jr. House</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Wick_Park_Historic_District" title="Wick Park Historic District">Wick Park Historic District</a>. During the 20th century, Wick Park was home to the city's wealthiest families and mansions.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></figcaption></figure> The North Side consists of the <a href="/wiki/Brier_Hill" title="Brier Hill">Brier Hill</a>, Crandall Park, <a href="/wiki/North_Heights" title="North Heights">North Heights</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wick_Park_Historic_District" title="Wick Park Historic District">Wick Park</a> neighborhoods and the northern section of the Riverbend Industrial Park. Brier Hill was considered one of the city's cultural hotbeds due to many <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Americans" title="Welsh Americans">Welsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> migrants settling in it, but primarily was once viewed as the city's "<a href="/wiki/Little_Italy" title="Little Italy">Little Italy</a>" as reflected by the <a href="/wiki/Brier_Hill#Pizza" title="Brier Hill">Brier Hill-style pizza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Each year, at the end of August, the Brier Hill Fest attracts thousands of visitors from <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Ohio" title="Northeast Ohio">Northeast Ohio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania" title="Western Pennsylvania">Western Pennsylvania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrolio2004203-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> The historic Crandall Park neighborhood was once home to the city's wealthiest families, and many of the mansions of industrial executives are still including in the Crandall Park-Fifth Avenue Historic District.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Side">South Side</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: South Side">edit</a>]</div> Youngstown's South Side is, and historically has been, the city's densest and most populous division, with numerous neighborhoods from each of the city's periods of expansion. The older neighborhoods in this district, Oak Hill, Erie, <a href="/wiki/Fosterville" title="Fosterville">Warren</a>, and Lower Gibson, were among the first founded on the South Side during the 19th century and were completely annexed by 1910 as Youngstown industrialized. Later neighborhoods, such as <a href="/wiki/Fosterville" title="Fosterville">Fosterville</a>, Newport, <a href="/wiki/Lansingville" title="Lansingville">Lansingville</a>, Buckeye Plat, and Cottage Grove came into being as industry and population expanded throughout the first half of the 20th century, being annexed in 1929 from the remainder of Youngstown Township. The Pleasant Grove and <a href="/wiki/Brownlee_Woods" title="Brownlee Woods">Brownlee Woods</a> neighborhoods further south were also annexed in 1929 from <a href="/wiki/Boardman_Township,_Ohio" title="Boardman Township, Ohio">Boardman Township</a>. These neighborhoods were generally well connected to each together and were defined by economic class as they became increasingly suburban further from the downtown area. There are further sub-neighborhoods in the South Side as well, such as Indian Village, <a href="/wiki/Handel%27s_Homemade_Ice_Cream_%26_Yogurt" title="Handel's Homemade Ice Cream & Yogurt">Handel's</a>, Boulevard Park, Cochran Park, Powerstown, and Gibsonville that have distinct identities within their larger neighborhoods. The South Side shares <a href="/wiki/Mill_Creek_Park" title="Mill Creek Park">Mill Creek Park</a> with the West Side.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="East_Side">East Side</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: East Side">edit</a>]</div> The East Side is the largest of the city's regions by area and consists of the East High, East Side, <a href="/wiki/Hazelton_(Youngstown,_Ohio)" title="Hazelton (Youngstown, Ohio)">Hazelton</a>, Landsdowne, Lincoln Knolls, Scienceville and Sharon Line/McGuffey Heights communities. The neighborhoods on the East Side closest to Downtown Youngstown were among the earliest developed in the city. However, much of the East Side is undeveloped fields and forests, as the land was annexed in the 1950s as part of a zoning effort for future development that never occurred.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="West_Side">West Side</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: West Side">edit</a>]</div> Altogether the most recently developed side of Youngstown, the neighborhoods of Belle Vista, Cornersburg, Garden District, Kirkmere, Rocky Ridge, and <a href="/wiki/Schenley" title="Schenley">Schenley</a> were built from the 1930s until the 1950s progressing southward, apart from the early Steelton neighborhood and industrial Salt Springs neighborhood. It shares <a href="/wiki/Mill_Creek_Park" title="Mill Creek Park">Mill Creek Park</a> with the South Side and lies southwest of the Mahoning River.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> Youngstown has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> Dfb/Dfa), typical of the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern United States</a>, with four distinct seasons and lies within USDA <a href="/wiki/Hardiness_zone" title="Hardiness zone">hardiness zone</a> 6a.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Winters are cold and dry but typically bring a mix of rain, sleet, and snow with occasional heavy snowfall and icing. January is the coldest month with an average mean temperature of 26.8 °F (−2.9 °C),<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-69">[69]</a> with temperatures on average dropping to or below 0 °F (−18 °C) on 4.1 days and staying at or below freezing on 43 days per year.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-69">[69]</a> Snowfall averages 67.8 inches (172 cm) per season, somewhat less than the <a href="/wiki/Snowbelt" title="Snowbelt">snowbelt</a> areas closer to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-69">[69]</a> The snowiest month on record was 53.1 inches (135 cm) in December 2010, while winter snowfall amounts have ranged from 118.7 in (301 cm) in 2010–11 to 25.2 in (64 cm) in 1948–49.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-69">[69]</a> Springs generally see a transition to fewer weather systems that produce heavier rainfall. Summers are typically very warm and humid with temperatures exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) on 7.7 days per year on average; the annual count has been as high as 40 days in 1943, while the most recent year to not reach that mark is 2014.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-69">[69]</a> July is the warmest month with an average mean temperature of 71.5 °F (22 °C).<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-69">[69]</a> The all-time record high temperature in Youngstown of 103 °F (39 °C) was established on July 10, 1936, which occurred during the <a href="/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl">Dust Bowl</a>, and the all-time record low temperature of −22 °F (−30 °C) was set on January 19, 1994.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-69">[69]</a> The first and last freezes of the season on average fall on October 14 and May 6, respectively, allowing a growing season of 160 days; however, freezing temperatures have been observed in every month except July.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-69">[69]</a> The normal annual mean temperature is 49.9 °F (9.9 °C).<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-69">[69]</a> Normal yearly <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a> based on the 30-year average from 1991 to 2020 is 41.19 inches (1,046 mm), falling on an average of 168 days per year.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-69">[69]</a> Monthly precipitation has ranged from 10.66 in (271 mm) in June 1986 to 0.16 in (4.1 mm) in October 1924, while for annual precipitation the historical range is 54.01 in (1,372 mm) in 2011 to 23.79 in (604 mm) in 1963.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-69">[69]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Youngstown, Ohio (<a href="/wiki/Youngstown%E2%80%93Warren_Regional_Airport" title="Youngstown–Warren Regional Airport">Youngstown–Warren Regional Airport</a>), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1897–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71 (22) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75 (24) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82 (28) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90 (32) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95 (35) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">103 (39) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">100 (38) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88 (31) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80 (27) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76 (24) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">103 (39) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58 (14) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60 (16) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71 (22) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80 (27) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86 (30) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90 (32) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91 (33) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90 (32) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87 (31) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79 (26) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68 (20) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 (15) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">92 (33) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.3 (1.3) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.3 (2.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.6 (8.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.3 (15.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.9 (21.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.8 (26.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.7 (28.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.1 (27.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.3 (23.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.1 (16.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.6 (9.8) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.7 (3.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">59.7 (15.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8 (−2.9) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0 (−1.7) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2 (2.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.1 (9.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.3 (15.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.5 (19.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.5 (21.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.9 (21.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.2 (17.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.2 (11.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.5 (5.3) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1 (0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">49.9 (9.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3 (−7.1) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7 (−6.3) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8 (−2.3) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.9 (3.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.6 (8.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.2 (13.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.3 (15.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.8 (14.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.1 (11.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.2 (5.7) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4 (0.8) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5 (−3.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.1 (4.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1 (−18) </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 (−17) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 (−13) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23 (−5) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41 (5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 (9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46 (8) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 (3) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28 (−2) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 (−7) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 (−13) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−3 (−19) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−22 (−30) </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−16 (−27) </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10 (−23) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 (−12) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24 (−4) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30 (−1) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 (4) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32 (0) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27 (−3) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20 (−7) </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 (−17) </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−12 (−24) </td> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−22 (−30) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #8CFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.03 (77) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.52 (64) </td> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.21 (82) </td> <td style="background: #6CFF6C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.75 (95) </td> <td style="background: #72FF72; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.72 (94) </td> <td style="background: #66FF66; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.90 (99) </td> <td style="background: #5EFF5E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.27 (108) </td> <td style="background: #7BFF7B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.48 (88) </td> <td style="background: #68FF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.84 (98) </td> <td style="background: #80FF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.34 (85) </td> <td style="background: #8BFF8B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.96 (75) </td> <td style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.17 (81) </td> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.19 (1,046) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19.6 (50) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.1 (38) </td> <td style="background: #00006B; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10.5 (27) </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6 (6.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 (1.8) </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">4.5 (11) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.8 (38) </td> <td style="background: #2525FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">67.8 (172) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) </th> <td style="background: #0F0FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19.4 </td> <td style="background: #2B2BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.6 </td> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.1 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.0 </td> <td style="background: #5353FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.9 </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.7 </td> <td style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.7 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.0 </td> <td style="background: #2727FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.5 </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">168.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) </th> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.5 </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 </td> <td style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">54.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000E1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000F3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.8 </td> <td style="background: #0404FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000FA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000E9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000D9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000E7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000E0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000D5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000E8; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">72.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-NWS-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-NOAA_KYNG-71">[71]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a> (relative humidity 1961–1990)<a href="#cite_note-WMOCLINO-72">[72]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_census" title="1820 United States census">1820</a></th><td>273</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1830_United_States_census" title="1830 United States census">1830</a></th><td>384</td><td></td><td>40.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census">1840</a></th><td>654</td><td></td><td>70.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>2,802</td><td></td><td>328.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>2,759</td><td></td><td>−1.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>8,075</td><td></td><td>192.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>15,435</td><td></td><td>91.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>33,220</td><td></td><td>115.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>44,885</td><td></td><td>35.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>79,066</td><td></td><td>76.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>132,358</td><td></td><td>67.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>170,002</td><td></td><td>28.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>167,720</td><td></td><td>−1.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>168,330</td><td></td><td>0.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>166,689</td><td></td><td>−1.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>139,788</td><td></td><td>−16.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>115,427</td><td></td><td>−17.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>95,787</td><td></td><td>−17.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>82,026</td><td></td><td>−14.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>66,982</td><td></td><td>−18.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>60,068</td><td></td><td>−10.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">59,108</td><td><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></td><td>−1.6%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">U.S. Decennial Census<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> Between 1960 and 2010, the city's population declined by over 60%. The <a href="/wiki/Mahoning_Valley" title="Mahoning Valley">Mahoning Valley</a> metropolitan area had 541,243 residents as of the 2020 census.<a href="#cite_note-combined-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_census">2020 census</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2020 census">edit</a>]</div> According to the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020 Census</a>, Youngstown had 28,303 households. The population density was 1770.5/sq mi. The city's racial makeup was 47.8% <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a>, 41.1% <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 0.3% <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 0.7% <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 0.0% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, and 7.4% from two or more races. <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> of any race were 10.9% of the population. The median household income was $30,129.<a href="#cite_note-FactFinder-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010_census">2010 census</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2010 census">edit</a>]</div> According to the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010 Census</a>, Youngstown had 26,839 households and 15,150 families. The population density was 755.2/km2 (1958.5/sq mi). There were 33,123 housing units at an average density of 968.5 per square mile (373.9/km2). Youngstown's vacant-housing rate in 2010 was twenty times the national average.<a href="#cite_note-Tavernise-77">[77]</a> The city's racial makeup was 47.0% <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a>, 45.2% <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 0.4% <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 0.4% <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 0.02% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, 3.3% of some other race, and 3.7% from two or more races. <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> of any race were 9.3% of the population. The European ancestry included had 10.8% <a href="/wiki/Italian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian American">Italian</a>, 10.8% <a href="/wiki/Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish American">Irish</a>, 10.0% <a href="/wiki/German_American" class="mw-redirect" title="German American">German</a>, and 4.2% <a href="/wiki/English_American" class="mw-redirect" title="English American">English</a> ancestries. Among the Hispanic population, 5.7% were <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican people">Puerto Rican</a>, 1.9% <a href="/wiki/Mexican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American">Mexican</a>, 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Cuban_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban American">Cuban</a>, and 0.7% some other Hispanic or Latino.<a href="#cite_note-2010Census-78">[78]</a> Records suggest 28.6% of the households had children under the age of 18. Of these, 25.6% were married couples living together, 24.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.6% were non-families. Meanwhile, 37.8% of all households comprised a single person, and 14.5% of households comprised a person over 65 years of age living alone. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 3.02.<a href="#cite_note-2010Census-78">[78]</a> 22.8% of the city's population was under the age of 18, 10.8% was from age 18 to 24, 24.3% was from age 25 to 44, 26.2% was from age 45 to 64, and 15.8% was age 65 or older. The median age was 38 years old. For every 100 females, there were 96.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95 males.<a href="#cite_note-2010Census-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Economy of Youngstown, Ohio">Economy of Youngstown, Ohio</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical">Historical</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Historical">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheet%26tube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Sheet%26tube.jpg/220px-Sheet%26tube.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Sheet%26tube.jpg/330px-Sheet%26tube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Sheet%26tube.jpg/440px-Sheet%26tube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Sheet_%26_Tube_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company">Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company</a> Viaduct</figcaption></figure> Endowed with large deposits of coal and iron as well as "old growth" hardwood forests needed to produce charcoal, the Youngstown area developed a thriving steel industry, starting with the area's blast furnace in 1803 by James and Daniel Heaton.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> By the mid-19th century, Youngstown was the site of several iron industrial plants, and because of easy rail connections to adjacent states, the iron industry continued to expand in the 1890s despite the depletion of local natural resources.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> At the turn of the 20th century, local industrialists began to convert to steel manufacturing, amid a wave of industrial consolidations that placed much of the Mahoning Valley's industry in the hands of national corporations.<a href="#cite_note-Blue94-82">[82]</a> In the late 1930s, the community's steel sector again gained national attention when Youngstown became a site of the so-called "Little Steel Strike", an effort by the <a href="/wiki/Steel_Workers_Organizing_Committee" title="Steel Workers Organizing Committee">Steel Workers Organizing Committee</a>, a precursor to <a href="/wiki/United_Steelworkers" title="United Steelworkers">United Steelworkers</a>, to secure contract agreements with smaller steel companies.<a href="#cite_note-shellock-83">[83]</a> On June 21, 1937, strike-related violence in Youngstown resulted in two deaths and 42 injuries.<a href="#cite_note-shellock-83">[83]</a> Despite the violence, historian William Lawson observed that the strike transformed industrial unions from "basically local and ineffective organizations into all-encompassing, nationwide collective bargaining representatives of American workers".<a href="#cite_note-shellock-83">[83]</a> Between the 1920s and 1960s, the city was known as an important industrial hub that featured the massive furnaces and foundries of such companies as <a href="/wiki/Republic_Steel" title="Republic Steel">Republic Steel</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Steel" title="U.S. Steel">U.S. Steel</a>. At the same time, Youngstown never became economically diversified, as did larger industrial cities such as Chicago, Pittsburgh, Akron, or Cleveland.<a href="#cite_note-Fuechtmann16-84">[84]</a> Hence, when economic changes forced the closure of plants throughout the 1970s, the city was left with few substantial economic alternatives.<a href="#cite_note-Fuechtmann4143-85">[85]</a> The September 19, 1977, announcement of the closure of a large portion of <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Sheet_and_Tube" title="Youngstown Sheet and Tube">Youngstown Sheet and Tube</a>, an event still referred to as "Black Monday", is widely regarded as the death knell of the old area steel industry in Youngstown.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> In the wake of the steel plant shutdowns, the community lost an estimated 40,000 manufacturing jobs, 400 satellite businesses, $414 million in personal income, and from 33 to 75 percent of the school tax revenues.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The Youngstown area has yet to fully recover from the loss of jobs in the steel sector.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The blow dealt to the community's industrial economy in the 1970s was slightly mitigated by the auto production plants in the metropolitan area. In the late 1980s, the <a href="/wiki/Studebaker_Avanti" title="Studebaker Avanti">Avanti</a>, an automobile with a fiberglass body originally designed by <a href="/wiki/Studebaker" title="Studebaker">Studebaker</a> to compete with the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Corvette" title="Chevrolet Corvette">Corvette</a>, was manufactured in an industrial complex on Youngstown's Albert Street. This company moved away after just a few years.<a href="#cite_note-Avanti-89">[89]</a> A mainstay of Youngstown's industrial economy had long been the <a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="General Motors Corporation">General Motors</a> <a href="/wiki/Lordstown_Assembly" title="Lordstown Assembly">Lordstown Assembly</a>, which was the area's largest industrial employer in the decades following the decline of the steel industry.<a href="#cite_note-GM-90">[90]</a> Once one of the nation's largest auto plants in terms of square feet, the Lordstown facility was home to production of the Chevrolet Impala, Vega, and <a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Cavalier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GM-90">[90]</a> The Lordstown Assembly was shuttered in March 2019 and is currently owned by <a href="/wiki/Foxconn" title="Foxconn">Foxconn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current">Current</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Current">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Youngstown003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Youngstown003.jpg/220px-Youngstown003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Youngstown003.jpg/330px-Youngstown003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Youngstown003.jpg/440px-Youngstown003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Downtown Youngstown at night</figcaption></figure> The city's largest employer is <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_State_University" title="Youngstown State University">Youngstown State University</a> (YSU), an urban public campus that serves about 15,000 students, just north of downtown.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-ysu-communities-93">[93]</a> Youngstown is the site of several steel and metalworking operations, though not to the extent of the past. The largest industrial employers within the city limits are <a href="/wiki/Vallourec" title="Vallourec">Vallourec</a> Star Steel Company, in the Brier Hill district, and Trivium Packaging.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/Steelite" title="Steelite">Steelite</a>, a British ceramics manufacturer, has its U.S. headquarters based in Youngstown.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Youngstown's downtown, which once underscored the community's economic difficulties, is a site of new business growth. The Youngstown <a href="/wiki/Business_incubator" title="Business incubator">Business Incubator</a> (YBI), in the heart of downtown, houses several start-up technology companies that have received office space, furnishings, and access to utilities.<a href="#cite_note-shilling-52">[52]</a> Some Incubator-supported companies have earned recognition, and a few are starting to outgrow their current space. <a href="/wiki/Inc._Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Inc. Magazine">Inc. Magazine</a> rated one such company–<a href="/wiki/Turning_Technologies" title="Turning Technologies">Turning Technologies</a>–as the fastest-growing privately held software company in the United States and 18th fastest-growing privately held company overall.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> To keep such companies downtown, the YBI secured approval to demolish a row of nearby vacant buildings to clear space for expansion.<a href="#cite_note-shilling-52">[52]</a> In 2014, the YBI was ranked as the top university-associated business incubator in the world by the Swedish University Business Incubator Index.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> In 2015, the YBI was the top University Associated Incubator in North America, and came in second to the Guinness Enterprise Centre in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> A number of products and enterprises introduced in Youngstown became national household names. Among them is Youngstown-based <a href="/wiki/Schwebel%27s_Bakery" title="Schwebel's Bakery">Schwebel's Bakery</a>, which was established in neighboring Campbell in the 20th century. The company now distributes bread products nationally.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> In the 1920s, Youngstown was the birthplace of the <a href="/wiki/Good_Humor" title="Good Humor">Good Humor</a> brand of ice cream novelties,<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> and the popular franchise of <a href="/wiki/Handel%27s_Homemade_Ice_Cream_%26_Yogurt" title="Handel's Homemade Ice Cream & Yogurt">Handel's Homemade Ice Cream & Yogurt</a> was established there in the 1940s. In the 1950s, Youngstown-born developer <a href="/wiki/Edward_J._DeBartolo_Sr." title="Edward J. DeBartolo Sr.">Edward J. DeBartolo Sr.</a> established one of the country's first modern shopping plazas in the suburban Boardman.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Fast-food" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast-food">fast-food</a> chain, <a href="/wiki/Arby%27s" title="Arby's">Arby's</a>, opened the first of its restaurants in Boardman in 1964, and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Treacher%27s" title="Arthur Treacher's">Arthur Treacher's Fish & Chips</a> was headquartered in Youngstown in the late 1970s. More recently, the city's downtown hosted the corporate headquarters of the now-defunct pharmacy chain store <a href="/wiki/Phar-Mor" title="Phar-Mor">Phar-Mor</a>, which was established by Youngstown native <a href="/wiki/Michael_I._Monus" title="Michael I. Monus">Mickey Monus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newsweek-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entertainment">Entertainment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Entertainment">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Foundation_Amphitheatre" title="Youngstown Foundation Amphitheatre">Youngstown Foundation Amphitheatre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Covelli_Centre" title="Covelli Centre">Covelli Centre</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChevyCentre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/ChevyCentre.jpg/220px-ChevyCentre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/ChevyCentre.jpg/330px-ChevyCentre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/ChevyCentre.jpg/440px-ChevyCentre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Covelli_Centre" title="Covelli Centre">Covelli Centre</a> in downtown Youngstown</figcaption></figure> Despite the impact of regional economic decline, Youngstown offers an array of cultural and recreational resources. Youngstown's newest venue is the <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Foundation_Amphitheatre" title="Youngstown Foundation Amphitheatre">Youngstown Foundation Amphitheatre</a>; an outdoor venue opened in 2019 upon former industrial grounds in Downtown that hosts various musicians.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> One of the city's sports-related attractions is the <a href="/wiki/Covelli_Centre" title="Covelli Centre">Covelli Centre</a>, which was funded primarily through a $26 million federal grant secured in 2000 by then-Congressman <a href="/wiki/Jim_Traficant" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Traficant">Jim Traficant</a>. Located on the site of an abandoned steel mill, the large, high-tech facility opened in October 2005. It was formerly called the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a> Center, and during planning it was known as the Youngstown Convocation Center.<a href="#cite_note-skolnick3-106">[106]</a> The centre's main tenants are the <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Phantoms" title="Youngstown Phantoms">Youngstown Phantoms</a>, who play in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Hockey_League" title="United States Hockey League">United States Hockey League</a>. Previously, it was home to the Youngstown Steelhounds hockey team, who played in the <a href="/wiki/Central_Hockey_League" title="Central Hockey League">CHL</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The venue also hosts "on ice" musical shows and concerts. Historically, one of the area's most popular attractions was <a href="/wiki/Idora_Park_(Youngstown)" title="Idora Park (Youngstown)">Idora Park</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Fosterville" title="Fosterville">Idora</a> neighborhood of Youngstown's south side. An urban <a href="/wiki/Amusement_park" title="Amusement park">amusement park</a>, it operated from 1899 until it was closed after a large fire destroyed many of its premier rides in 1984.<a href="#cite_note-nris-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theater">Theater</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Theater">edit</a>]</div> The community's culture center is <a href="/wiki/Powers_Auditorium" title="Powers Auditorium">Powers Auditorium</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Brothers</a> movie palace<a href="#cite_note-nyt-03-19-30-108">[108]</a> that serves as the area's primary music hall and a home for the <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Youngstown Symphony Orchestra">Youngstown Symphony Orchestra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> This downtown landmark is one of five auditoriums within the city. Ford Recital Hall was built in 2006 as an addition to newly renovated Powers Auditorium. Imposing and <a href="/wiki/Neo-classical_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-classical architecture">neo-classical</a> <a href="/wiki/Stambaugh_Auditorium" title="Stambaugh Auditorium">Stambaugh Auditorium</a>, on the city's north side, has served for decades as a site of concerts and is often rented for private events. The facility also hosts the Stambaugh Youth Concert Band.<a href="#cite_note-stam-110">[110]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>, who sang about the decline of Youngstown's steel industry and its adverse effects on local workers in his ballad "<a href="/wiki/Youngstown_(song)" title="Youngstown (song)">Youngstown</a>", played at Stambaugh Auditorium on January 12, 1996, as part of his solo <a href="/wiki/Ghost_of_Tom_Joad_Tour" title="Ghost of Tom Joad Tour">Ghost of Tom Joad Tour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Playhouse" title="Youngstown Playhouse">Youngstown Playhouse</a>, Mahoning County's primary community theater, has served the area for more than 80 years, despite intermittent financial problems. Believed by some observers to be the nation's oldest continuously operating community theater, the Youngstown Playhouse was the only community theater in Ohio to ever receive major institutional support from the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Arts_Council" title="Ohio Arts Council">Ohio Arts Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Center_for_the_Arts" title="Oakland Center for the Arts">Oakland Center for the Arts</a>, formerly in the downtown area, was a well-known venue for locally produced plays before it closed in 2015 due to poor management.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> In late 2016. the Oakland Center for the Arts was re-established with a new focus on youth and kids theatre.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Well known theatrical personalities from the Youngstown area include comedic actor <a href="/wiki/Joe_Flynn_(US_actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Flynn (US actor)">Joe Flynn</a>,<a href="#cite_note-vindy-yo-07-20-74-115">[115]</a> screen actress <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Hartman" title="Elizabeth Hartman">Elizabeth Hartman</a>,<a href="#cite_note-steely-yo-11-22-64-116">[116]</a> singer and Broadway performer <a href="/wiki/Maureen_McGovern" title="Maureen McGovern">Maureen McGovern</a>,<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> and television and screen actor <a href="/wiki/Ed_O%27Neill" title="Ed O'Neill">Ed O'Neill</a>.<a href="#cite_note-irish-in-y-town-118">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Museums">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Butler_Institute_of_American_Art_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Butler_Institute_of_American_Art_09.jpg/220px-Butler_Institute_of_American_Art_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Butler_Institute_of_American_Art_09.jpg/330px-Butler_Institute_of_American_Art_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Butler_Institute_of_American_Art_09.jpg/440px-Butler_Institute_of_American_Art_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Butler_Institute_of_American_Art" title="Butler Institute of American Art">Butler Institute of American Art</a> was the first museum in the country dedicated to American art.<a href="#cite_note-thebutler-119">[119]</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Butler_Institute_of_American_Art" title="Butler Institute of American Art">Butler Institute of American Art</a> is on the northeastern edge of the <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_State_University" title="Youngstown State University">Youngstown State University</a> campus. Established by industrialist <a href="/wiki/Joseph_G._Butler_Jr." title="Joseph G. Butler Jr.">Joseph G. Butler Jr.</a>, in 1919, it was the first museum in the country dedicated to American art.<a href="#cite_note-thebutler-119">[119]</a> Across the street from the Butler Institute stands the <a href="/wiki/McDonough_Museum_of_Art" title="McDonough Museum of Art">McDonough Museum of Art</a>, YSU's University Art Museum and the Mahoning Valley's center for contemporary art. The McDonough, established in 1991, features changing exhibitions by regional, national and international artists and provides public access to the work of students, faculty and alumni from the Department of Art.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> The Clarence R. Smith Mineral Museum, also on the YSU campus, is operated by the university's geology department and housed in a campus building.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> To the immediate north of YSU is the Arms Family Museum of Local History. The museum, housed in a 1905 <a href="/wiki/American_Craftsman" title="American Craftsman">Arts & Crafts style</a> mansion on the main artery of Wick Avenue, is managed by the Mahoning Valley Historical Society. Once the estate of a local industrialist, it maintains period rooms that showcase the household's original contents, including furnishings, art objects, and personal artifacts. The museum mounts rotating exhibits on topics related to local history. Recently,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] the museum opened the "Anne Kilcawley Christman Hands-on History Room". The MVHS Archival Library operates in the estate's former carriage house, near the back of the site.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Historical_Center_of_Industry_and_Labor" title="Youngstown Historical Center of Industry and Labor">Youngstown Historical Center of Industry and Labor</a> sits south of the YSU campus on a grade overlooking the downtown area. This museum, owned and operated by the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio Historical Society">Ohio Historical Society</a>, focuses on the Mahoning Valley's history of steel production.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Other museums include the Children's Museum of the Valley,<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> an interactive educational center in the downtown area, and the Davis Education and Recreation Center, a small museum that showcases the history of Youngstown's <a href="/wiki/Mill_Creek_Park" title="Mill Creek Park">Mill Creek Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-millcreek-124">[124]</a> On the city's north side the Youngstown Steel Heritage Foundation is constructing the Tod Engine Heritage Park, featuring a collection of steel industry equipment and artifacts. The main exhibit is a 1914 William Tod Co. rolling mill steam engine that was built in Youngstown and used at the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Brier Hill Works. The Tod Engine is one of three remaining rolling mill engines in the United States and is a Mechanical and Materials Engineering Landmark.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_nature">Parks and nature</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Parks and nature">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Mill_Creek_Park" title="Mill Creek Park">Mill Creek Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Park_(Youngstown,_Ohio)" title="Lincoln Park (Youngstown, Ohio)">Lincoln Park (Youngstown, Ohio)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mill_Creek_Park_Suspension_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mill_Creek_Park_Suspension_Bridge.jpg/220px-Mill_Creek_Park_Suspension_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mill_Creek_Park_Suspension_Bridge.jpg/330px-Mill_Creek_Park_Suspension_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Mill_Creek_Park_Suspension_Bridge.jpg/440px-Mill_Creek_Park_Suspension_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mill_Creek_Park" title="Mill Creek Park">Mill Creek Park</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mill_Creek_Park_Suspension_Bridge" title="Mill Creek Park Suspension Bridge">"Cinderella" suspension bridge</a></figcaption></figure> Youngstown's most popular resource is <a href="/wiki/Mill_Creek_Park" title="Mill Creek Park">Mill Creek Park</a>, a five-mile (8 km)-long stretch of landscaped woodland reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/Rock_Creek_Park" title="Rock Creek Park">Rock Creek Park</a> in Washington, D.C. Mill Creek Park is the oldest park district in Ohio, established as a township park in 1891. The park's highlights include the restored 19th century Lanterman's Mill, the rock formations of Bear's Den, scores of nature trails, the <a href="/wiki/Fellows_Riverside_Gardens" title="Fellows Riverside Gardens">Fellows Riverside Gardens</a> and Education Center, the "Cinderella" iron link bridge, and two 18 hole Donald Ross golf courses.<a href="#cite_note-mvhs-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-vindy-11-21-2007-127">[127]</a> Mill Creek Park encompasses approximately 2,600 acres (1,100 ha), 20 miles (32 km) of drives and 15 miles (24 km) of foot trails. Its attractions include gardens, streams, lakes, woodlands, meadows, and wildlife. Fellows Riverside Gardens' popular lookout point offers visitors contrasting views of the area. From the south side, the canopied woodlands overlooking Lake Glacier are visible; from the north side, visitors are presented with a view of downtown Youngstown. The park features two 18-hole golf courses. The North Course is on rolling terrain, while the South Course features narrow, tree-lined fairways.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Other features include playgrounds, athletic fields, and picnic areas. In 2005, Mill Creek Park was placed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>.<a href="#cite_note-vind-yo-06-14-2006-129">[129]</a> A plaque commemorating this event is near a memorial statue of <a href="/wiki/Volney_Rogers" title="Volney Rogers">Volney Rogers</a>, the Youngstown attorney who set aside land for the creation of Mill Creek Park.<a href="#cite_note-millcreek-124">[124]</a> A smaller recreational area called <a href="/wiki/Wick_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Wick Park">Wick Park</a> is on the historic North side. Wick Park's periphery is lined with early 20th-century mansions built by the city's industrialists, business leaders, and professionals during Youngstown's "boom" years.<a href="#cite_note-pellegrini-130">[130]</a> Stambaugh Auditorium, a popular venue for concerts and other public events, is near the park's southwestern edge.<a href="#cite_note-stam-110">[110]</a> Another small recreational area called Crandall Park is also on the North side. Crandall Park offers well-maintained and landscaped homes, tree-lined streets, and walkable access to shopping and recreations.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Several cemeteries (notably historic Oak Hill Cemetery) and small recreational spaces are scattered throughout the city. Some of those recreational spaces include Homestead Park, John White park, Lynn park, Borts Pool, and the Northside Pool <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stambaugh_Stadium_looking_Northeast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Stambaugh_Stadium_looking_Northeast.jpg/220px-Stambaugh_Stadium_looking_Northeast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Stambaugh_Stadium_looking_Northeast.jpg/330px-Stambaugh_Stadium_looking_Northeast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Stambaugh_Stadium_looking_Northeast.jpg/440px-Stambaugh_Stadium_looking_Northeast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stambaugh_Stadium" title="Stambaugh Stadium">Stambaugh Stadium</a> is located on the campus of <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_State_University" title="Youngstown State University">Youngstown State University</a>.</figcaption></figure> Youngstown has enjoyed a long tradition of professional and semi-professional sports.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> In earlier decades, the city produced scores of minor league baseball teams, including the <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Ohio_Works" title="Youngstown Ohio Works">Youngstown Ohio Works</a>, <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Champs" title="Youngstown Champs">Youngstown Champs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Indians" title="Youngstown Indians">Youngstown Indians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Steelmen" title="Youngstown Steelmen">Youngstown Steelmen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Browns" class="mw-redirect" title="Youngstown Browns">Youngstown Browns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Gremlins" class="mw-redirect" title="Youngstown Gremlins">Youngstown Gremlins</a>, and Youngstown Athletics. Local enthusiasm for baseball was such that the community hosted championship games of the National Amateur Baseball Federation throughout the 1930s and 1940s.<a href="#cite_note-ward-133">[133]</a> The area's minor league baseball teams were supplemented by semi-professional football teams, including the <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Patricians" title="Youngstown Patricians">Youngstown Patricians</a>, who won the 1915 championship of the informal "<a href="/wiki/Ohio_League" title="Ohio League">Ohio League</a>" (a direct predecessor to the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a>),<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Hardhats" title="Youngstown Hardhats">Youngstown Hardhats</a>, who competed in the Middle Atlantic Football League in the 1970s and early 1980s. For three seasons, Youngstown was home to the <a href="/wiki/Mahoning_Valley_Thunder" title="Mahoning Valley Thunder">Mahoning Valley Thunder</a> of the now-defunct <a href="/wiki/Af2" class="mw-redirect" title="Af2">af2</a>, the minor league for the <a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_League_(1987%E2%80%932008)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arena Football League (1987–2008)">Arena Football League</a> until 2009 when the franchise ceased operations.<a href="#cite_note-vind-yo-03-31-2007-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Local minor league basketball teams included the <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Pride_(basketball_team)" class="mw-redirect" title="Youngstown Pride (basketball team)">Youngstown Pride</a> of the <a href="/wiki/World_Basketball_League" title="World Basketball League">WBA</a> from 1987 to 1992, the <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Hawks" title="Youngstown Hawks">Youngstown Hawks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/International_Basketball_Association" title="International Basketball Association">IBA</a> in 1999, and the <a href="/wiki/Mahoning_Valley_Wildcats" title="Mahoning Valley Wildcats">Mahoning Valley Wildcats</a> of the <a href="/wiki/International_Basketball_League_(2005-)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Basketball League (2005-)">IBL</a> in 2005. The <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_SteelHounds" title="Youngstown SteelHounds">Youngstown SteelHounds</a> hockey team played in the <a href="/wiki/Central_Hockey_League" title="Central Hockey League">Central Hockey League</a> from 2005 until May 2008. In 2005, the Ohio Red Bulls semi-pro football team of the United States Football Association won their first championship.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Club </th> <th scope="col">League </th> <th scope="col">Venue </th> <th scope="col">Established </th> <th scope="col">Championships </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mahoning_Valley_Scrappers" title="Mahoning Valley Scrappers">Mahoning Valley Scrappers</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/MLB_Draft_League" title="MLB Draft League">MLB Draft League</a>, Baseball </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastwood_Field" title="Eastwood Field">Eastwood Field</a> </td> <td>1999 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Phantoms" title="Youngstown Phantoms">Youngstown Phantoms</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Hockey_League" title="United States Hockey League">USHL</a>, Ice hockey </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Covelli_Centre" title="Covelli Centre">Covelli Centre</a> </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>2 </td></tr></tbody></table> Youngstown has produced many prominent athletes with connections to the city, including former world boxing champions <a href="/wiki/Greg_Richardson" title="Greg Richardson">Greg Richardson</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Boxing_Federation" title="International Boxing Federation">IBF</a> <a href="/wiki/Lightweight" title="Lightweight">lightweight</a> champion <a href="/wiki/Harry_Arroyo" title="Harry Arroyo">Harry Arroyo</a>,<a href="#cite_note-vindy-12-05-99-138">[138]</a> <a href="/wiki/College_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="College Football Hall of Fame">College Football Hall of Fame</a> <a href="/wiki/End_(football)" class="mw-redirect" title="End (football)">end</a> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dove" title="Bob Dove">Bob Dove</a>,<a href="#cite_note-vindy-09-21-75-139">[139]</a> <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball Hall of Fame">Hall of Fame</a> umpire <a href="/wiki/Billy_Evans" title="Billy Evans">Billy Evans</a>,<a href="#cite_note-voice-yo-07-01-2005-140">[140]</a> major league <a href="/wiki/Pitcher" title="Pitcher">pitcher</a> <a href="/wiki/Dave_Dravecky" title="Dave Dravecky">Dave Dravecky</a>,<a href="#cite_note-dravecky-141">[141]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a> <a href="/wiki/Quarterback" title="Quarterback">quarterback</a> <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Kosar" title="Bernie Kosar">Bernie Kosar</a>,<a href="#cite_note-vind-yo-03-31-2007-135">[135]</a> NFL <a href="/wiki/Running_back" title="Running back">Running back</a> <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Bowden" title="Lynn Bowden">Lynn Bowden Jr.</a>,<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> <a href="/wiki/IBF" class="mw-redirect" title="IBF">IBF</a> cruiserweight champion Jeff Lampkin,<a href="#cite_note-vindy-12-05-99-138">[138]</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Boxing_Association" title="World Boxing Association">WBA</a> lightweight champion <a href="/wiki/Ray_Mancini" title="Ray Mancini">Ray "Boom Boom" Mancini</a>,<a href="#cite_note-vindy-12-05-99-138">[138]</a> major league manager <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_McAleer" title="Jimmy McAleer">Jimmy McAleer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-vind-yo-04-29-31b-143">[143]</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Boxing_Council" title="World Boxing Council">WBC</a> and <a href="/wiki/WBO" class="mw-redirect" title="WBO">WBO</a> middleweight champion <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Pavlik" title="Kelly Pavlik">Kelly Pavlik</a>,<a href="#cite_note-vind-yo-09-30-2007-144">[144]</a> legendary baseball trainer <a href="/wiki/Bonesetter_Reese" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonesetter Reese">"Bonesetter" Reese</a>,<a href="#cite_note-telegram-11-30-31-145">[145]</a> major league <a href="/wiki/Outfielder" title="Outfielder">outfielder</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Shuba" title="George Shuba">George Shuba</a>,<a href="#cite_note-kovach-146">[146]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heisman_Trophy" title="Heisman Trophy">Heisman Trophy</a> recipient <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinkwich" title="Frank Sinkwich">Frank Sinkwich</a>.<a href="#cite_note-vind-yo-03-31-2007-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-vindy-12-05-99-138">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Youngstown_State_Penguins">Youngstown State Penguins</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Youngstown State Penguins">edit</a>]</div> The community has a lengthy tradition of collegiate sports. The <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_State_Penguins" title="Youngstown State Penguins">Youngstown State Penguins</a> compete in the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Valley_Football_Conference" title="Missouri Valley Football Conference">Missouri Valley Football Conference</a>. The Penguins, noted participants in FCS (I-AA) football, play their games at <a href="/wiki/Stambaugh_Stadium" title="Stambaugh Stadium">Stambaugh Stadium</a> and enjoy one of the more supportive fan bases. All other YSU athletic teams compete in the <a href="/wiki/Horizon_League" title="Horizon League">Horizon League</a>, which does not sponsor football. The Youngstown State men and women's basketball teams hold their games at Youngstown State's <a href="/wiki/Beeghly_Center" title="Beeghly Center">Beeghly Center</a>. The teams average about 2,500 fans per game, a number that rose with a new style of play under former head coach <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Slocum_(basketball)" title="Jerry Slocum (basketball)">Jerry Slocum</a>. In addition, the YSU baseball and softball teams have enjoyed local support and success. The baseball team reached the NCAA super-regionals in 2005, and the softball team did so in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-ysusports-147">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_Sports">Other Sports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Other Sports">edit</a>]</div> There are many smaller and upcoming teams in the area. Football, Soccer, Baseball and Basketball are all played at the high school level. Club sports are growing with community leagues and area leagues such as Youngstown Area Youth Soccer League. Many of the amateur and youth organizations are based in surrounding communities and not in the city itself. Amateur soccer club Mahoning Trumbull United SC represents the area for the Northern Ohio Soccer League going into 2023.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Government and politics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahoning_County_Courthouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Mahoning_County_Courthouse.jpg/220px-Mahoning_County_Courthouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Mahoning_County_Courthouse.jpg/330px-Mahoning_County_Courthouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Mahoning_County_Courthouse.jpg/440px-Mahoning_County_Courthouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2380" data-file-height="1431" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mahoning_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahoning County">Mahoning County</a> Courthouse</figcaption></figure> Youngstown is governed by a <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Youngstown,_Ohio" title="List of mayors of Youngstown, Ohio">mayor</a> who is elected every four years and limited to a maximum of two terms. Mayors are traditionally inaugurated on or around January 2. The city has tended to elect <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> mayors since the late 1920s because of the local unions' support for Democratic candidates for office.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Youngstown's mayor is Jamael Tito Brown.<a href="#cite_note-mayor-150">[150]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jay_Williams_(politician)" title="Jay Williams (politician)">Jay Williams</a> was the city's first African-American mayor and its first <a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">independent</a> mayor since 1922.<a href="#cite_note-skolnick-151">[151]</a> Residents elect an eight-member city council composed of representatives of the city's seven wards and a council president. The council traditionally meets every first and third Wednesday of the month.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Meanwhile, the board of control, chaired by the Mayor, oversees contracts for public projects within the municipal limits.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Position </th> <th>Name </th></tr> <tr> <td>Mayor </td> <td>Jamael Tito Brown<a href="#cite_note-mayor-150">[150]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Council President </td> <td>Thomas Hetrick<a href="#cite_note-council-154">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Council Ward 1 </td> <td>Julius T. Oliver<a href="#cite_note-council-154">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Council Ward 2 </td> <td>Jimmy Hughes<a href="#cite_note-council-154">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Council Ward 3 </td> <td>Samantha Turner<a href="#cite_note-council-154">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Council Ward 4 </td> <td>Mike Ray<a href="#cite_note-council-154">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Council Ward 5 </td> <td>Patrick A. Kelly<a href="#cite_note-council-154">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Council Ward 6 </td> <td>Anita Davis<a href="#cite_note-council-154">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Council Ward 7 </td> <td>Amber White<a href="#cite_note-council-154">[154]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2020_United_States_Presidential_Election_in_Youngstown,_Ohio.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2020_United_States_Presidential_Election_in_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.svg/220px-2020_United_States_Presidential_Election_in_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2020_United_States_Presidential_Election_in_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.svg/330px-2020_United_States_Presidential_Election_in_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2020_United_States_Presidential_Election_in_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.svg/440px-2020_United_States_Presidential_Election_in_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption>2020 Presidential Election Results by Precinct Biden:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      90–100%</figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_General_Assembly" title="Ohio General Assembly">Ohio General Assembly</a>, Youngstown is located in the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_House_of_Representatives" title="Ohio House of Representatives">59th State Representative District</a>, represented by Lauren McNally (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>),<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Senate" title="Ohio Senate">33rd Senate District</a>, represented by <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Cutrona" title="Alessandro Cutrona">Alessandro Cutrona</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>).<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> Federally, Youngstown has been located in <a href="/wiki/Ohio%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Ohio's 6th congressional district">Ohio's 6th congressional district</a> since 2023 after being redistricted.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> Its <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Ohio" title="List of United States senators from Ohio">federal senators</a> are <a href="/wiki/Sherrod_Brown" title="Sherrod Brown">Sherrod Brown</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>) and <a href="/wiki/J._D._Vance" class="mw-redirect" title="J. D. Vance">J. D. Vance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>). Like many urban areas in the U.S., Youngstown is a Democratic stronghold, although the remainder of Mahoning County has been trending to the right in recent elections.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> Youngstown has supported Democratic politicians in statewide elections throughout its history, including <a href="/wiki/Sherrod_Brown" title="Sherrod Brown">Sherrod Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ted_Strickland" title="Ted Strickland">Ted Strickland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cordray" title="Richard Cordray">Richard Cordray</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Youngstown has become a political backdrop for both Democrats and Republicans who go to the area to campaign on economic development and jobs.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime">Crime</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Crime">edit</a>]</div> Crime has been a lingering problem in many of the <a href="/wiki/Rust_Belt" title="Rust Belt">Rust Belt</a>'s big and small urban communities, hampering economic recovery.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Youngstown was nationally identified with gangland slayings often committed with car bombs.<a href="#cite_note-heltzel-162">[162]</a> The town gained the nicknames "Murdertown, USA" and "Bomb City, USA," while the phrase "Youngstown tune-up" became a nationally popular slang term for car-bomb assassination.<a href="#cite_note-grann-163">[163]</a> The image of Youngstown's association with crime was reinforced by the construction of prisons inside the metropolitan area.<a href="#cite_note-clines-164">[164]</a> As of 2012, three adult correctional facilities continue to operate within city limits: the Mahoning County Justice Center<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Ohio_Correctional_Center" title="Northeast Ohio Correctional Center">Northeast Ohio Correctional Center</a>,<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_Penitentiary" title="Ohio State Penitentiary">Ohio State Penitentiary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> For decades, Youngstown was a haven for organized crime, and related corruption was ingrained into the fabric of its society. A 2000 publication in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a> listed a "chief of police, the outgoing prosecutor, the sheriff, the county engineer, members of the local police force, a city law director, several defense attorneys, politicians, judges, and a former assistant U.S. attorney" as controlled by the <a href="/wiki/American_Mafia" title="American Mafia">Mob</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> The city accelerated measures to limit the influence of organized crime upon all sectors of municipal life. In 2006 Youngstown was ranked by <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Quitno_Press" title="Morgan Quitno Press">Morgan Quitno Press</a>, a Kansas-based publishing and research company, as the 9th most dangerous city in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> After <a href="/wiki/The_Saturday_Evening_Post" title="The Saturday Evening Post">The Saturday Evening Post</a> framed Youngstown as "Crimetown U.S.A.", there was an interest by many to create documentaries or podcasts to get in-depth information about the corruption unfolding in the city. Released in July 2022, Marc Smerling released a podcast titled "Crooked City" to share some of those stories.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> Youngstown is served by the <a href="/wiki/Public_Library_of_Youngstown_and_Mahoning_County" title="Public Library of Youngstown and Mahoning County">Public Library of Youngstown and Mahoning County</a> system, with libraries located in the Downtown (Main), Brownlee Woods, East High, Newport, and Schenley (Michael Kusalaba) neighborhoods.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_and_secondary">Primary and secondary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Primary and secondary">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaney_High_School_014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/76/Chaney_High_School_014.jpg/220px-Chaney_High_School_014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/76/Chaney_High_School_014.jpg/330px-Chaney_High_School_014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/76/Chaney_High_School_014.jpg/440px-Chaney_High_School_014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chaney_High_School" title="Chaney High School">Chaney High School</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_City_School_District" title="Youngstown City School District">Youngstown City School District</a> manages all public education within the city. Since 2015, the state government has overseen the district's operation due to district mismanagement.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> The district's high school graduation rate has improved since the takeover, from 65% in 2015 to 88% in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> YCSD currently operates six <a href="/wiki/Elementary_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementary schools">elementary schools</a>, three <a href="/wiki/Middle_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle schools">middle schools</a>, and three <a href="/wiki/High_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="High schools">high schools</a>, as well as one alternative school and one <a href="/wiki/Technical_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical school">technical school</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> The district extensively built new schools throughout the late 2000s, and sold many of its older buildings to local private schools.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> At one time, the city had eight dedicated public high schools (<a href="/wiki/Chaney_High_School" title="Chaney High School">Chaney</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_High_School_(Youngstown,_Ohio)" title="East High School (Youngstown, Ohio)">East</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_High_School_(Youngstown,_Ohio)" title="North High School (Youngstown, Ohio)">North</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rayen_High_School" title="Rayen High School">Rayen</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_High_School_(Youngstown,_Ohio)" title="South High School (Youngstown, Ohio)">South</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_High_School_(Youngstown,_Ohio)" title="Woodrow Wilson High School (Youngstown, Ohio)">Woodrow Wilson</a>, Youngstown Early College, and Choffin Career and Technical Center), but since the 1990s, neighborhood schools have been merged to result in just <a href="/wiki/Chaney_High_School" title="Chaney High School">Chaney High School</a> on the city's West Side and <a href="/wiki/East_High_School_(Youngstown,_Ohio)" title="East High School (Youngstown, Ohio)">East High School</a> on the East Side, with Youngstown Rayen Early College and Choffin Career and Technical Center as district alternatives.<a href="#cite_note-vindy-yo-03-14-07-177">[177]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Early_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Early College">Early College</a> program, in cooperation with Youngstown State University, enables middle and high school students to attend classes both on campus and at YCSD schools and earn college credit.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Youngstown" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Youngstown">Roman Catholic Diocese of Youngstown</a> once oversaw more than 20 schools within the city. As a result of dwindling enrollment, only four <a href="/wiki/Catholic_school" title="Catholic school">Catholic schools</a> now operate within Youngstown proper.<a href="#cite_note-gwin-179">[179]</a> These include two primary schools – St. Christine's School and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stjosephtheproviderschool.com/">St. Joseph the Provider School</a> – and two secondary schools, <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Mooney_High_School_(Ohio)" title="Cardinal Mooney High School (Ohio)">Cardinal Mooney High School</a> on the South Side and <a href="/wiki/Ursuline_High_School_(Youngstown,_Ohio)" title="Ursuline High School (Youngstown, Ohio)">Ursuline High School</a> on the North Side. Several additional Catholic schools operate in the region which accept Youngstown students. Youngstown hosts a small number of private schools. These include Valley Christian School, a <a href="/wiki/Christian_school" title="Christian school">nondenominational</a> K-12 school; Akiva Academy, a progressive K–8 school in the Jewish Community Center; and the <a href="/wiki/Montessori" class="mw-redirect" title="Montessori">Montessori</a> School of the Mahoning Valley, which offers alternative learning environments for students ranging from preschool to eighth grade.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> There are also various smaller, K-8 charter academies in the city, such as the Stambaugh Charter Academy and South Side Academy. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Higher education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Youngstown_State_University_clock_tower_as_seen_from_Moser_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Youngstown_State_University_clock_tower_as_seen_from_Moser_Hall.jpg/220px-Youngstown_State_University_clock_tower_as_seen_from_Moser_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Youngstown_State_University_clock_tower_as_seen_from_Moser_Hall.jpg/330px-Youngstown_State_University_clock_tower_as_seen_from_Moser_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Youngstown_State_University_clock_tower_as_seen_from_Moser_Hall.jpg/440px-Youngstown_State_University_clock_tower_as_seen_from_Moser_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7366" data-file-height="4890" /></a><figcaption>The campus of <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_State_University" title="Youngstown State University">Youngstown State University</a> is located north of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Youngstown" title="Downtown Youngstown">Downtown Youngstown</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_State_University" title="Youngstown State University">Youngstown State University</a>, the primary institution of higher learning in the Youngstown–Warren metropolitan area, traces its origins to a local <a href="/wiki/YMCA" title="YMCA">YMCA</a> program that began offering college-level courses in 1908.<a href="#cite_note-vindy-10-14-07-181">[181]</a> YSU joined the Ohio system of higher education in 1967.<a href="#cite_note-vindy-10-14-07-181">[181]</a> The university has an enrollment of about 12,000 undergraduate and graduate students within seven colleges; the Beeghly College of Liberal Arts, Social Science & Education; College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (<a href="/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics" title="Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics">STEM</a>); Willamson College of Business; Bitonte College of Health and Human Services; Cliffe College of Creative Arts; College of Graduate Studies; and the Sokolov Honors College.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> The campus is just north of the city's downtown and south of Youngstown's historic Fifth Avenue district, a neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Tudor_style_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Tudor style architecture">Tudor</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian</a>-, and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_Revival_Style_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Colonial Revival Style architecture">Spanish Colonial Revival</a>-style homes.<a href="#cite_note-pellegrini-130">[130]</a> YSU offers tuition rates that are lower than the average of other public universities in the <a href="/wiki/University_System_of_Ohio" title="University System of Ohio">University System of Ohio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> The university's assets include the Dana School of Music, an <a href="/wiki/Steinway_%26_Sons#All-Steinway_Schools" title="Steinway & Sons">All-Steinway school</a>. The Dana School of Music is one of the six oldest continuously operating schools of music in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> The Williamson College of Business is accredited by the <a href="/wiki/Association_to_Advance_Collegiate_Schools_of_Business" title="Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business">Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business</a> (AACSB). YSU also offers doctoral degrees in educational leadership and physical therapy as well as a doctorate in mathematics in cooperation with <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_University" title="Rhodes University">Rhodes University</a>, and is a sponsor of the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Ohio_Medical_University" title="Northeast Ohio Medical University">Northeast Ohio Medical University</a> BS-MD program with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Akron" title="University of Akron">University of Akron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_State_University" title="Cleveland State University">Cleveland State University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kent_State_University" title="Kent State University">Kent State University</a>. YSU engineering students may also pursue doctoral studies in cooperation with the University of Akron and Cleveland State University. <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Gateway_Community_College" title="Eastern Gateway Community College">Eastern Gateway Community College</a> operates one of its two campuses in Downtown Youngstown. It offers 60 majors in the areas of business technologies, information technologies, engineering technologies, health and public services. The degrees offered are Associate of Arts, Associate of Science, Associate of Applied Business, Associate of Applied Science, Associate of Technical Studies, and Associate of Individualized Studies.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Print">Print</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Print">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/The_Vindicator" class="mw-redirect" title="The Vindicator">The Vindicator</a> is the sole daily newspaper in the city, currently published as a zoned edition of <a href="/wiki/Warren,_Ohio" title="Warren, Ohio">Warren's</a> <a href="/wiki/Tribune_Chronicle" title="Tribune Chronicle">Tribune Chronicle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Broadsheet" title="Broadsheet">broadsheet</a>. It formerly competed with the Warren-based paper, and the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon,_Ohio" title="Lisbon, Ohio">Lisbon</a>-based Morning Journal, although they primarily covered their respective counties, with limited coverage of Mahoning County and Youngstown, until in June 2019 it was announced that The Vindicator would cease publication by mid-August of the same year.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> Although this newspaper carries the name of the old Vindicator,<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> its scope is comparatively limited, with the majority of previous Vindicator journalists not being carried over to the new edition.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> Other newspapers that print in Youngstown include bi-monthly The Business Journal, The Metro Monthly, and the bi-weekly The Jambar, published by the students of Youngstown State University on Tuesdays and Thursdays while classes are in session. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="TV">TV</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: TV">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WKBN-TV.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/WKBN-TV.JPG/220px-WKBN-TV.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/WKBN-TV.JPG/330px-WKBN-TV.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/WKBN-TV.JPG/440px-WKBN-TV.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1565" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/WKBN-TV" title="WKBN-TV">WKBN-TV</a> studio</figcaption></figure> With 273,480 television households, the Youngstown market is the nation's 106th largest, according to <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Media_Research" title="Nielsen Media Research">Nielsen Media Research</a>.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> The market is served is served by four full power television stations.<a href="#cite_note-radiostationworld-190">[190]</a> including <a href="/wiki/WFMJ-TV" title="WFMJ-TV">WFMJ-TV</a> (channel 21, <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>, with <a href="/wiki/The_CW_Television_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="The CW Television Network">The CW</a> channel 21.2 under the <a href="/wiki/WFMJ-DT2" class="mw-redirect" title="WFMJ-DT2">WBCB</a> call letters), <a href="/wiki/WKBN-TV" title="WKBN-TV">WKBN-TV</a> (channel 27, <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>), <a href="/wiki/WYTV" title="WYTV">WYTV</a> (channel 33, <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>, with <a href="/wiki/My_Network_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="My Network TV">MNTV</a> on <a href="/wiki/WYTV-DT2" class="mw-redirect" title="WYTV-DT2">33.2</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Western_Reserve_Public_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Reserve Public Media">WNEO</a> channel 45 (<a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">PBS</a>). Low power station <a href="/wiki/WYFX-LD" title="WYFX-LD">WYFX-LD</a> channel 62 serves as Youngstown's <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a> affiliate, and is simulcast on WKBN 27.2. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Radio">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AM">AM</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: AM">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>570 <a href="/wiki/WKBN_(AM)" title="WKBN (AM)">WKBN</a> Youngstown (<a href="/wiki/Talk_radio" title="Talk radio">News/talk</a>)</li> <li>600 <a href="/wiki/WRQX_(AM)" title="WRQX (AM)">WRQX</a> <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Ohio" title="Salem, Ohio">Salem</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_talk_radio" title="Conservative talk radio">Conservative talk</a>)</li> <li>790 <a href="/wiki/WPIC" title="WPIC">WPIC</a> <a href="/wiki/Sharon,_Pennsylvania" title="Sharon, Pennsylvania">Sharon, PA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Talk_radio" title="Talk radio">Talk radio</a>)</li> <li>830 <a href="/wiki/WKTX" title="WKTX">WKTX</a> <a href="/wiki/Cortland,_Ohio" title="Cortland, Ohio">Cortland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urban_contemporary_gospel" title="Urban contemporary gospel">Urban contemporary gospel</a>)</li> <li>1240 <a href="/wiki/WBBW" title="WBBW">WBBW</a> Youngstown (<a href="/wiki/Sports_radio" title="Sports radio">Sports</a> - <a href="/wiki/Infinity_Sports_Network" title="Infinity Sports Network">Infinity</a>)</li> <li>1280 <a href="/wiki/WUZZ_(AM)" title="WUZZ (AM)">WUZZ</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Pennsylvania" title="New Castle, Pennsylvania">New Castle, PA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Classic_country" title="Classic country">Classic country</a> - <a href="/wiki/WYLE_(FM)" title="WYLE (FM)">WYLE</a> simulcast)</li> <li>1330 <a href="/wiki/WGFT" title="WGFT">WGFT</a> <a href="/wiki/Campbell,_Ohio" title="Campbell, Ohio">Campbell</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urban_contemporary_music" title="Urban contemporary music">Urban contemporary</a>)</li> <li>1390 <a href="/wiki/WNIO" title="WNIO">WNIO</a> Youngstown (<a href="/wiki/Sports_radio" title="Sports radio">Sports</a>)</li> <li>1440 <a href="/wiki/WHKZ" title="WHKZ">WHKZ</a> <a href="/wiki/Warren,_Ohio" title="Warren, Ohio">Warren</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catholic_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic radio">Catholic</a> - <a href="/wiki/Relevant_Radio" title="Relevant Radio">Relevant Radio</a>)</li> <li>1470 <a href="/wiki/WLOA" title="WLOA">WLOA</a> <a href="/wiki/Farrell,_Pennsylvania" title="Farrell, Pennsylvania">Farrell, PA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">Hip-hop</a>)</li> <li>1540 <a href="/wiki/WYOH" title="WYOH">WYOH</a> <a href="/wiki/Niles,_Ohio" title="Niles, Ohio">Niles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Talk_radio" title="Talk radio">Talk</a>)</li> <li>1570 <a href="/wiki/WHTX_(AM)" title="WHTX (AM)">WHTX</a> Warren (<a href="/wiki/Talk_radio" title="Talk radio">Talk</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="FM">FM</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: FM">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>88.5 <a href="/wiki/WYSU" title="WYSU">WYSU</a> Youngstown (<a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>)</li> <li>89.5 <a href="/wiki/WILB_(AM)" title="WILB (AM)">WILB</a> <a href="/wiki/Boardman,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Boardman, Ohio">Boardman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catholic_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic radio">Catholic</a>)</li> <li>90.7 <a href="/wiki/WKTL" title="WKTL">WKTL</a> <a href="/wiki/Struthers,_Ohio" title="Struthers, Ohio">Struthers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adult_album_alternative" title="Adult album alternative">Adult album alternative</a> - <a href="/wiki/WAPS_(FM)" title="WAPS (FM)">WAPS</a> semi-satellite)</li> <li>91.7 <a href="/wiki/WYTN" class="mw-redirect" title="WYTN">WYTN</a> Youngstown (<a href="/wiki/Christian_radio" title="Christian radio">Christian</a> - <a href="/wiki/Family_Radio" title="Family Radio">Family Radio</a>)</li> <li>93.3 <a href="/wiki/WNCD" title="WNCD">WNCD</a> Youngstown (<a href="/wiki/Classic_rock" title="Classic rock">Classic rock</a>)</li> <li>95.1 <a href="/wiki/WYLE_(FM)" title="WYLE (FM)">WYLE</a> <a href="/wiki/Grove_City,_Pennsylvania" title="Grove City, Pennsylvania">Grove City, PA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Classic_country" title="Classic country">Classic country</a>)</li> <li>95.9 <a href="/wiki/WAKZ" title="WAKZ">WAKZ</a> <a href="/wiki/Sharpsville,_Pennsylvania" title="Sharpsville, Pennsylvania">Sharpsville, PA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mainstream_urban" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainstream urban">Mainstream urban</a>)</li> <li>98.9 <a href="/wiki/WMXY" title="WMXY">WMXY</a> Youngstown (<a href="/wiki/Adult_contemporary_music" title="Adult contemporary music">Adult contemporary</a>)</li> <li>101.1 <a href="/wiki/WHOT-FM" title="WHOT-FM">WHOT</a> Youngstown (<a href="/wiki/Contemporary_hit_radio" title="Contemporary hit radio">Contemporary hit radio</a>)</li> <li>101.7 <a href="/wiki/WYLR" title="WYLR">WYLR</a> <a href="/wiki/Hubbard,_Ohio" title="Hubbard, Ohio">Hubbard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">Contemporary Christian</a> - <a href="/wiki/K-Love" title="K-Love">K-LOVE</a>)</li> <li>102.9 <a href="/wiki/WYFM" title="WYFM">WYFM</a> <a href="/wiki/Sharon,_Pennsylvania" title="Sharon, Pennsylvania">Sharon, PA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Classic_rock" title="Classic rock">Classic rock</a>)</li> <li>103.9 <a href="/wiki/WWIZ" title="WWIZ">WWIZ</a> <a href="/wiki/West_Middlesex,_Pennsylvania" title="West Middlesex, Pennsylvania">West Middlesex, PA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oldies" title="Oldies">Oldies</a>)</li> <li>105.1 <a href="/wiki/WQXK" title="WQXK">WQXK</a> <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Ohio" title="Salem, Ohio">Salem</a> (<a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a>)</li> <li>106.1 <a href="/wiki/WBBG" title="WBBG">WBBG</a> <a href="/wiki/Niles,_Ohio" title="Niles, Ohio">Niles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transit">Public transit</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Public transit">edit</a>]</div> The Youngstown area is served by the <a href="/wiki/Western_Reserve_Transit_Authority" title="Western Reserve Transit Authority">Western Reserve Transit Authority</a> (WRTA) bus system, which is supported through Mahoning County property and sales taxes. WRTA, whose main terminal is in the downtown area, provides service throughout the city and into surrounding Mahoning and Trumbull counties. The downtown terminal serves as the Youngstown area's <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound</a> terminal.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Air">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Youngstown-Warren_Regional_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Youngstown-Warren Regional Airport">Youngstown-Warren Regional Airport</a> is the primary airport for the region. As of 2022, no commercial airlines serve the airport, with <a href="/wiki/Allegiant_Air" title="Allegiant Air">Allegiant Air</a> ending service on January 4, 2018.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> The airport is home to the <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Air_Reserve_Station" title="Youngstown Air Reserve Station">Youngstown Air Reserve Station</a> and <a href="/wiki/910th_Airlift_Wing" title="910th Airlift Wing">910th Airlift Wing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> Smaller general aviation airports in the city and vicinity include <a href="/wiki/Lansdowne_Airport" title="Lansdowne Airport">Lansdowne Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Elser_Metro_Airport" title="Youngstown Elser Metro Airport">Youngstown Elser Metro Airport</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Rail">edit</a>]</div> In the vicinity of the WRTA terminal is a former <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad" title="Baltimore and Ohio Railroad">Baltimore and Ohio Railroad</a> station. The <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_%26_Ohio_Station_(Youngstown)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore & Ohio Station (Youngstown)">historic terminal building</a> served B&O trains until 1971. Since converted into a banquet hall, it was a station along <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Three_Rivers_(train)" title="Three Rivers (train)">Three Rivers</a> between Chicago and New York from 1995 to 2005.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> The nearest Amtrak service is the <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Limited" title="Capitol Limited">Capitol Limited</a> at <a href="/wiki/Alliance_station" title="Alliance station">Alliance station</a> 42 miles to the southwest. Freight rail lines owned by <a href="/wiki/CSX_Transportation" title="CSX Transportation">CSX Transportation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Southern_Railway" title="Norfolk Southern Railway">Norfolk Southern Railway</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_and_Southeastern_Railroad" title="Youngstown and Southeastern Railroad">Youngstown and Southeastern Railroad</a> still go through the area. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rideshare">Rideshare</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Rideshare">edit</a>]</div> On June 23, 2016, <a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a> launched services in Youngstown, covering all of Mahoning County and most of Trumbull County.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Sister cities">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Spi%C5%A1sk%C3%A1_Nov%C3%A1_Ves" title="Spišská Nová Ves">Spišská Nová Ves</a>, Slovakia, since 1991<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Youngstown,_Ohio" title="List of people from Youngstown, Ohio">List of people from Youngstown, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_(song)" title="Youngstown (song)">"Youngstown" (Bruce Springsteen song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Youngstown" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Youngstown">USS Youngstown</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLinkonRusso2002" class="citation book cs1">Linkon, Sherry Lee; Russo, John (2002). Steeltown, U.S.A. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-070061292-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-070061292-5"><bdi>978-070061292-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steeltown%2C+U.S.A.&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+Kansas&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-070061292-5&rft.aulast=Linkon&rft.aufirst=Sherry+Lee&rft.au=Russo%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoungstown%2C+Ohio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onlyinyourstate.com/ohio/back-in-the-day-mafia-mecca-oh/">"Back In The Day, This Ohio Town Was A Mafia Mecca"</a>. June 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Back+In+The+Day%2C+This+Ohio+Town+Was+A+Mafia+Mecca&rft.date=2018-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.onlyinyourstate.com%2Fohio%2Fback-in-the-day-mafia-mecca-oh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoungstown%2C+Ohio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://youngstownohio.gov/mayor_profile">"City of Youngstown, Ohio"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+of+Youngstown%2C+Ohio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyoungstownohio.gov%2Fmayor_profile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoungstown%2C+Ohio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TigerWebMapServer-4"><a href="#cite_ref-TigerWebMapServer_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer">"ArcGIS REST Services Directory"</a>. 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Retrieved April 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nieman+Lab&rft.atitle=So+Youngstown+will+have+a+daily+named+The+Vindicator+after+all.+But+it%27s+a+brand+surviving%2C+not+a+newspaper.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.niemanlab.org%2F2019%2F08%2Fso-youngstown-will-have-a-daily-named-the-vindicator-after-all-but-its-a-brand-surviving-not-a-newspaper%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoungstown%2C+Ohio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070425220310/http://www.nielsenmedia.com/nc/portal/site/Public/menuitem.55dc65b4a7d5adff3f65936147a062a0/?vgnextoid=bc0e47f8b5264010VgnVCM100000880a260aRCRD">"Sampling the Population"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Media_Research" title="Nielsen Media Research">Nielsen Media Research</a>. 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Retrieved August 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Aviation+Administration&rft.atitle=Airport+Diagram+%E2%80%93+Youngtown-Warren+Rgnl+%28YNG%29&rft.date=2020-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faeronav.faa.gov%2Fd-tpp%2F2009%2F00466ad.pdf%23nameddest%3D%28YNG%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoungstown%2C+Ohio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070702170744/http://www.banquetatthebno.com/index2.html">"The B & O Station Banquet Hall"</a>. The B & O Station Banquet Hall. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.banquetatthebno.com/index2.html">the original</a> on July 2, 2007. 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June 22, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uber+launching+in+Youngstown+area&rft.date=2016-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwkbn.com%2F2016%2F06%2F22%2Fuber-launching-in-youngstown-area%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoungstown%2C+Ohio" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.youngstownsistercities.com/about.html">"Our History"</a>. Youngstown - Spišská Nová Ves Sister Cities Program. 2006. Retrieved October 31, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+History&rft.pub=Youngstown+-+Spi%C5%A1sk%C3%A1+Nov%C3%A1+Ves+Sister+Cities+Program&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youngstownsistercities.com%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoungstown%2C+Ohio" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Aley, Howard C. (1975). A Heritage to Share: The Bicentennial History of Youngstown and the Mahoning Valley. Youngstown, OH: The Bicentennial Commission of Youngstown and Mahoning County, Ohio.</li> <li>Blue, Frederick J.; Jenkins, William D.; Lawson, William H.; Reedy, Joan M. (1995). Mahoning Memories: A History of Youngstown and Mahoning County. Virginia Beach, VA: <a href="/wiki/The_Donning_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="The Donning Company">The Donning Company</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89865-944-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-89865-944-2">0-89865-944-2</a>.</li> <li>Brody, David (1960). Steelworkers in America. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li>Bruno, Robert (1999). Steelworker Alley: How Class Works in Youngstown. Ithaca, NY: <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-3439-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-3439-4">0-8014-3439-4</a>.</li> <li>Fuechtmann, Thomas G. (1989). Steeples and Stacks: Religion and Steel Crisis in Youngstown. New York: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-33481-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-33481-0">0-521-33481-0</a>.</li> <li>Jenkins, William D. (1990). Steel Valley Klan: The Ku Klux Klan in Ohio's Mahoning Valley. Kent, OH: <a href="/wiki/Kent_State_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Kent State University Press">Kent State University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87338-415-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87338-415-6">0-87338-415-6</a>.</li> <li>Knepper, George W. (1989). Ohio and Its People. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87338-377-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87338-377-X">0-87338-377-X</a>.</li> <li>Lemann, Nicholas (1991). The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How It Changed America. New York: Vintage Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-73347-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-73347-7">0-679-73347-7</a>.</li> <li>Linkon, Sherry Lee; Russo, John (2002). Steeltown U.S.A.: Work & Memory in Youngstown. Lawrence, KS: <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kansas" title="University Press of Kansas">University Press of Kansas</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7006-1161-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7006-1161-4">0-7006-1161-4</a>.</li> <li>Warner, Jack L. (1964). My First Hundred Years in Hollywood. New York: Random House.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Youngstown, Ohio at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Youngstown,_Ohio" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Youngstown, Ohio">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" class="extiw" title="c:Youngstown, Ohio">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Youngstown,_Ohio" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Youngstown, Ohio">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Youngstown" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Youngstown" title="Template:Youngstown"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Youngstown" title="Template talk:Youngstown"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Youngstown" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Youngstown"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Youngstown" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">City of Youngstown</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_Council_of_Youngstown,_Ohio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City Council of Youngstown, Ohio (page does not exist)">City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Mahoning County, Ohio">Historic places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Youngstown,_Ohio" title="List of mayors of Youngstown, Ohio">List of mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Youngstown,_Ohio" title="List of people from Youngstown, Ohio">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Fire_Department" title="Youngstown Fire Department">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown%E2%80%93Warren%E2%80%93Boardman_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Youngstown–Warren–Boardman metropolitan area"> Steel Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rust_Belt" title="Rust Belt">Rust Belt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neighborhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Beachwood</li> <li>Boulevard Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brier_Hill" title="Brier Hill">Brier Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownlee_Woods" title="Brownlee Woods">Brownlee Woods</a></li> <li>Buckeye</li> <li>Cornersburg</li> <li>Crandall Park North</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Youngstown" title="Downtown Youngstown"> Downtown</a></li> <li>Fifth Avenue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosterville" title="Fosterville">Fosterville</a></li> <li>Garden District</li> <li>Golf View Acres East</li> <li>Golf View Acres West</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelton_(Youngstown,_Ohio)" title="Hazelton (Youngstown, Ohio)">Hazelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idora_Park_(Youngstown)" title="Idora Park (Youngstown)"> Idora</a></li> <li>Indian Village</li> <li>Kirkmere</li> <li>Lansdowne</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansingville" title="Lansingville">Lansingville</a></li> <li>Lincoln Knolls</li> <li>Mahoning Commons</li> <li>Newport</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Heights" title="North Heights">North Heights</a></li> <li>Oak Hill</li> <li>Ohio Works</li> <li>Performance Place</li> <li>Pleasant Grove</li> <li>Riverbend</li> <li>Rocky Ridge</li> <li>Salt Springs</li> <li>Schenley</li> <li>Sharon Line</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoky_Hollow_(neighborhood)" title="Smoky Hollow (neighborhood)">Smoky Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_State_University" title="Youngstown State University"> University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wick_Park_Historic_District" title="Wick Park Historic District"> Wick Park</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Seal_of_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.svg/80px-Seal_of_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Seal_of_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.svg/120px-Seal_of_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Seal_of_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.svg/160px-Seal_of_Youngstown%2C_Ohio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Steel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Sheet_and_Tube" title="Youngstown Sheet and Tube">Youngstown Sheet and Tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Steel_Corporation" title="National Steel Corporation">National Steel Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ling-Temco-Vought" title="Ling-Temco-Vought">Ling-Temco-Vought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Steel" title="U.S. Steel">U.S. Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Steel" title="Republic Steel">Republic Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Steel_strike" title="Little Steel strike">Little Steel strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_General_Steel_Strike" title="1919 General Steel Strike">1919 General Steel Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_Workers_Organizing_Committee" title="Steel Workers Organizing Committee">Steel Workers Organizing Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies founded in Youngstown</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handel%27s_Homemade_Ice_Cream_%26_Yogurt" title="Handel's Homemade Ice Cream & Yogurt">Handel's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Humor" title="Good Humor">Good Humor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Treacher%27s" title="Arthur Treacher's">Arthur Treacher's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phar-Mor" title="Phar-Mor">Phar-Mor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strouss" title="Strouss">Strouss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahoning_Valley_Scrappers" title="Mahoning Valley Scrappers"> Scrappers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">MiLB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Phantoms" title="Youngstown Phantoms">Phantoms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Hockey_League" title="United States Hockey League">USHL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Steel_Derby_Girls" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Steel Derby Girls">Little Steel Derby Girls</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roller_derby" title="Roller derby">Roller derby</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_State_Penguins" title="Youngstown State Penguins">Youngstown State Penguins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horizon_League" title="Horizon League">Horizon League</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former/Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_Eagle_LPGA_Classic" title="Giant Eagle LPGA Classic">Giant Eagle LPGA Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahoning_Valley_Wildcats" title="Mahoning Valley Wildcats">Mahoning Valley Wildcats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Athletics" title="Youngstown Athletics">Youngstown Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Bears" title="Youngstown Bears">Youngstown Bears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Buckeyes" title="Youngstown Buckeyes">Youngstown Buckeyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Champs" title="Youngstown Champs">Youngstown Champs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Hardhats" title="Youngstown Hardhats">Youngstown Hardhats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Hawks" title="Youngstown Hawks">Youngstown Hawks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Indians" title="Youngstown Indians">Youngstown Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Ohio_Works" title="Youngstown Ohio Works">Youngstown Ohio Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Nighthawks" title="Youngstown Nighthawks">Youngstown Nighthawks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Patricians" title="Youngstown Patricians">Youngstown Patricians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Pride" title="Youngstown Pride">Youngstown Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_SteelHounds" title="Youngstown SteelHounds">Youngstown SteelHounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Steelmen" title="Youngstown Steelmen">Youngstown Steelmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastwood_Field" title="Eastwood Field">Eastwood Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stambaugh_Stadium" title="Stambaugh Stadium">Stambaugh Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beeghly_Center" title="Beeghly Center">Beeghly Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covelli_Centre" title="Covelli Centre">Covelli Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_City_School_District" title="Youngstown City School District">City School District</a></li> <li>Youngstown Early College</li> <li>Stambaugh Charter Academy</li> <li>Rayen Early College</li> <li>Horizon Science Academy Youngstown</li> <li>Youngstown Academy of Excellence</li> <li>Southside Academy</li> <li>Youngstown Community School</li> <li>Summit Academy - Youngstown</li> <li>Steam Academy Youngstown</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Higher education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_State_University" title="Youngstown State University">Youngstown State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Gateway_Community_College" title="Eastern Gateway Community College">Eastern Gateway Community College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Category:Youngstown, Ohio">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Mahoning_County,_Ohio,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Template:Mahoning County, Ohio"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Template talk:Mahoning County, Ohio"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mahoning County, Ohio"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Mahoning_County,_Ohio,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Mahoning County, Ohio">Mahoning County, Ohio</a>, United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seat</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Youngstown</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City_(Ohio)" class="mw-redirect" title="City (Ohio)">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance,_Ohio" title="Alliance, Ohio">Alliance</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell,_Ohio" title="Campbell, Ohio">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canfield,_Ohio" title="Canfield, Ohio">Canfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbiana,_Ohio" title="Columbiana, Ohio">Columbiana</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Ohio" title="Salem, Ohio">Salem</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struthers,_Ohio" title="Struthers, Ohio">Struthers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Youngstown</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Map_of_Ohio_highlighting_Mahoning_County.svg/80px-Map_of_Ohio_highlighting_Mahoning_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Map_of_Ohio_highlighting_Mahoning_County.svg/120px-Map_of_Ohio_highlighting_Mahoning_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Map_of_Ohio_highlighting_Mahoning_County.svg/160px-Map_of_Ohio_highlighting_Mahoning_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="1141" /><figcaption>Map of Ohio highlighting Mahoning County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Village_(Ohio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Village (Ohio)">Villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beloit,_Ohio" title="Beloit, Ohio">Beloit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Beach,_Ohio" title="Craig Beach, Ohio">Craig Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowellville,_Ohio" title="Lowellville, Ohio">Lowellville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Middletown,_Ohio" title="New Middletown, Ohio">New Middletown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland,_Ohio" title="Poland, Ohio">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebring,_Ohio" title="Sebring, Ohio">Sebring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washingtonville,_Ohio" title="Washingtonville, Ohio">Washingtonville</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Townships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austintown_Township,_Ohio" title="Austintown Township, Ohio">Austintown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Township,_Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Beaver Township, Mahoning County, Ohio">Beaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Township,_Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Berlin Township, Mahoning County, Ohio">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boardman_Township,_Ohio" title="Boardman Township, Ohio">Boardman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canfield_Township,_Ohio" title="Canfield Township, Ohio">Canfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coitsville_Township,_Ohio" title="Coitsville Township, Ohio">Coitsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Township,_Ohio" title="Ellsworth Township, Ohio">Ellsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goshen_Township,_Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Goshen Township, Mahoning County, Ohio">Goshen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Township,_Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Green Township, Mahoning County, Ohio">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Township,_Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Jackson Township, Mahoning County, Ohio">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Township,_Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Milton Township, Mahoning County, Ohio">Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland_Township,_Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Poland Township, Mahoning County, Ohio">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Township,_Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Smith Township, Mahoning County, Ohio">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Township,_Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Springfield Township, Mahoning County, Ohio">Springfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austintown,_Ohio" title="Austintown, Ohio">Austintown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus,_Ohio" title="Damascus, Ohio">Damascus</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Alliance,_Ohio" title="East Alliance, Ohio">East Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Milton,_Ohio" title="Lake Milton, Ohio">Lake Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_Ridge,_Ohio" title="Maple Ridge, Ohio">Maple Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_Ridge,_Ohio" title="Mineral Ridge, Ohio">Mineral Ridge</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Springfield,_Ohio" title="New Springfield, Ohio">New Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lima,_Ohio" title="North Lima, Ohio">North Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petersburg,_Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Petersburg, Mahoning County, Ohio">Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodworth,_Ohio" title="Woodworth, Ohio">Woodworth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Other communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Center,_Ohio" title="Berlin Center, Ohio">Berlin Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanco,_Ohio" title="Blanco, Ohio">Blanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calla,_Ohio" title="Calla, Ohio">Calla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coitsville_Center,_Ohio" title="Coitsville Center, Ohio">Coitsville Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Lewistown,_Ohio" title="East Lewistown, Ohio">East Lewistown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellsworth,_Ohio" title="Ellsworth, Ohio">Ellsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredericksburg,_Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Fredericksburg, Mahoning County, Ohio">Fredericksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garfield,_Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Garfield, Mahoning County, Ohio">Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenford,_Ohio" title="Greenford, Ohio">Greenford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory_Corners,_Ohio" title="Hickory Corners, Ohio">Hickory Corners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knaufville,_Ohio" title="Knaufville, Ohio">Knaufville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locust_Grove,_Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Locust Grove, Mahoning County, Ohio">Locust Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millville,_Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Millville, Mahoning County, Ohio">Millville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Albany,_Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="New Albany, Mahoning County, Ohio">New Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Buffalo,_Ohio" title="New Buffalo, Ohio">New Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Benton,_Ohio" title="North Benton, Ohio">North Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Jackson,_Ohio" title="North Jackson, Ohio">North Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohltown,_Ohio" title="Ohltown, Ohio">Ohltown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradise,_Ohio" title="Paradise, Ohio">Paradise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patmos,_Ohio" title="Patmos, Ohio">Patmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland_Center,_Ohio" title="Poland Center, Ohio">Poland Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pricetown,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Pricetown, Trumbull County, Ohio">Pricetown</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemont,_Ohio" title="Rosemont, Ohio">Rosemont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snodes,_Ohio" title="Snodes, Ohio">Snodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Austintown,_Ohio" title="West Austintown, Ohio">West Austintown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ohio_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Ohio (state)">Ohio portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Trumbull_County,_Ohio,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Template:Trumbull County, Ohio"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Template talk:Trumbull County, Ohio"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trumbull County, Ohio"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Trumbull_County,_Ohio,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Trumbull County, Ohio">Trumbull County, Ohio</a>, United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seat</a>: <a href="/wiki/Warren,_Ohio" title="Warren, Ohio">Warren</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City_(Ohio)" class="mw-redirect" title="City (Ohio)">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cortland,_Ohio" title="Cortland, Ohio">Cortland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girard,_Ohio" title="Girard, Ohio">Girard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubbard,_Ohio" title="Hubbard, Ohio">Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niles,_Ohio" title="Niles, Ohio">Niles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren,_Ohio" title="Warren, Ohio">Warren</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Youngstown</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Map_of_Ohio_highlighting_Trumbull_County.svg/80px-Map_of_Ohio_highlighting_Trumbull_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Map_of_Ohio_highlighting_Trumbull_County.svg/120px-Map_of_Ohio_highlighting_Trumbull_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Map_of_Ohio_highlighting_Trumbull_County.svg/160px-Map_of_Ohio_highlighting_Trumbull_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="1141" /><figcaption>Map of Ohio highlighting Trumbull County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Village_(Ohio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Village (Ohio)">Villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lordstown,_Ohio" title="Lordstown, Ohio">Lordstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonald,_Ohio" title="McDonald, Ohio">McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_Falls,_Ohio" title="Newton Falls, Ohio">Newton Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangeville,_Ohio" title="Orangeville, Ohio">Orangeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Farmington,_Ohio" title="West Farmington, Ohio">West Farmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yankee_Lake,_Ohio" title="Yankee Lake, Ohio">Yankee Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Townships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bazetta_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Bazetta Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Bazetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomfield_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Bloomfield Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Bloomfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braceville_Township,_Ohio" title="Braceville Township, Ohio">Braceville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Bristol Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookfield_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Brookfield Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Brookfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champion_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Champion Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Champion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmington_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Farmington Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Farmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fowler_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Fowler Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Greene Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Gustavus Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Gustavus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Hartford Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Hartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Howland Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Howland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubbard_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Hubbard Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Johnston Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinsman_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Kinsman Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Kinsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Liberty Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecca_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Mecca Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Mesopotamia Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Newton Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southington_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Southington Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Southington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Vernon Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Vienna Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Warren Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weathersfield_Township,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Weathersfield Township, Trumbull County, Ohio">Weathersfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolindale,_Ohio" title="Bolindale, Ohio">Bolindale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookfield_Center,_Ohio" title="Brookfield Center, Ohio">Brookfield Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champion_Heights,_Ohio" title="Champion Heights, Ohio">Champion Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill,_Ohio" title="Churchill, Ohio">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilltop,_Ohio" title="Hilltop, Ohio">Hilltop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Center,_Ohio" title="Howland Center, Ohio">Howland Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinsman,_Ohio" title="Kinsman, Ohio">Kinsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leavittsburg,_Ohio" title="Leavittsburg, Ohio">Leavittsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maplewood_Park,_Ohio" title="Maplewood Park, Ohio">Maplewood Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masury,_Ohio" title="Masury, Ohio">Masury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKinley_Heights,_Ohio" title="McKinley Heights, Ohio">McKinley Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_Ridge,_Ohio" title="Mineral Ridge, Ohio">Mineral Ridge</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgandale,_Ohio" title="Morgandale, Ohio">Morgandale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Canal,_Ohio" title="South Canal, Ohio">South Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Center,_Ohio" title="Vienna Center, Ohio">Vienna Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Hill,_Ohio" title="West Hill, Ohio">West Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristolville,_Ohio" title="Bristolville, Ohio">Bristolville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burghill,_Ohio" title="Burghill, Ohio">Burghill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_of_the_World,_Ohio" title="Center of the World, Ohio">Center of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinth,_Ohio" title="Corinth, Ohio">Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delightful,_Ohio" title="Delightful, Ohio">Delightful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmdale,_Ohio" title="Farmdale, Ohio">Farmdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fowler,_Ohio" title="Fowler, Ohio">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Hartford, Trumbull County, Ohio">Hartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecca,_Ohio" title="Mecca, Ohio">Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bloomfield,_Ohio" title="North Bloomfield, Ohio">North Bloomfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalanx,_Ohio" title="Phalanx, Ohio">Phalanx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pricetown,_Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Pricetown, Trumbull County, Ohio">Pricetown</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodom,_Ohio" title="Sodom, Ohio">Sodom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southington,_Ohio" title="Southington, Ohio">Southington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanhope,_Ohio" title="Stanhope, Ohio">Stanhope</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrrell,_Ohio" title="Tyrrell, Ohio">Tyrrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Mecca,_Ohio" title="West Mecca, Ohio">West Mecca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ohio_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Ohio (state)">Ohio portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Ohio" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ohio" title="Template:Ohio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ohio" title="Template talk:Ohio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ohio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ohio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Ohio" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Ohio-related_articles" title="Index of Ohio-related articles">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Ohio" title="Outline of Ohio">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Ohio" title="Climate change in Ohio">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio#Geography" title="Ohio">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ohio" title="Government of Ohio">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ohio" title="Administrative divisions of Ohio">administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Ohio" title="United States congressional delegations from Ohio">congressional delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ohio" title="Elections in Ohio">elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ohio" title="History of Ohio">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Ohio" title="Law of Ohio">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Ohio" title="List of people from Ohio">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ohio_state_symbols" title="List of Ohio state symbols">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/With_God,_all_things_are_possible" title="With God, all things are possible">motto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Ohio" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Ohio">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ohio" title="Portal:Ohio">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Ohio" title="Abortion in Ohio">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ohio_culture" title="Category:Ohio culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Ohio" title="Crime in Ohio">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio#Demographics" title="Ohio">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Ohio" title="African Americans in Ohio">African Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ohio" title="Economy of Ohio">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ohio" title="Education in Ohio">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Ohio" title="List of colleges and universities in Ohio">colleges and universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Ohio" title="Gun laws in Ohio">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Ohio" title="Homelessness in Ohio">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Ohio">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ohio" title="Politics of Ohio">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Ohio" title="Sports in Ohio">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Ohio" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Plateau" title="Allegheny Plateau">Allegheny Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Ohio" title="Appalachian Ohio">Appalachian Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_region" title="Bluegrass region">The Bluegrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacial_till_plains_(Ohio)" title="Glacial till plains (Ohio)">Glacial till plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Black_Swamp" title="Great Black Swamp">Great Black Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Lake_Erie_Islands" title="List of Lake Erie Islands">List of Lake Erie Islands</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahoning_Valley" title="Mahoning Valley">Mahoning Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_Valley" title="Miami Valley">Miami Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Ohio" title="Northeast Ohio">Northeast Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ohio" title="Northwest Ohio">Northwest Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacationland_(Ohio)" title="Vacationland (Ohio)">Vacationland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Western_Reserve" title="Connecticut Western Reserve">Western Reserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ohio_statistical_areas" title="Ohio statistical areas">Metro areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron_metropolitan_area" title="Akron metropolitan area">Akron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton%E2%80%93Massillon,_Ohio,_metropolitan_area" title="Canton–Massillon, Ohio, metropolitan area">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_metropolitan_area" title="Cincinnati metropolitan area">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cleveland" title="Greater Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_metropolitan_area,_Ohio" title="Columbus metropolitan area, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_metropolitan_area" title="Dayton metropolitan area">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington%E2%80%93Ashland_metropolitan_area" title="Huntington–Ashland metropolitan area">Huntington–Ashland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima%E2%80%93Van_Wert%E2%80%93Wapakoneta,_OH,_combined_statistical_area" title="Lima–Van Wert–Wapakoneta, OH, combined statistical area">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansfield%E2%80%93Ashland%E2%80%93Bucyrus,_OH_Combined_Statistical_Area" title="Mansfield–Ashland–Bucyrus, OH Combined Statistical Area">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie_County,_Ohio" title="Erie County, Ohio">Sandusky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weirton%E2%80%93Steubenville_metropolitan_area" title="Weirton–Steubenville metropolitan area">Steubenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo_metropolitan_area" title="Toledo metropolitan area">Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahoning_Valley" title="Mahoning Valley">Youngstown–Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Ohio" title="List of municipalities in Ohio">Largest cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">Akron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Ohio" title="Canton, Ohio">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_Falls,_Ohio" title="Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio">Cuyahoga Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin,_Ohio" title="Dublin, Ohio">Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elyria,_Ohio" title="Elyria, Ohio">Elyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid,_Ohio" title="Euclid, Ohio">Euclid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ohio" title="Hamilton, Ohio">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kettering,_Ohio" title="Kettering, Ohio">Kettering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakewood,_Ohio" title="Lakewood, Ohio">Lakewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorain,_Ohio" title="Lorain, Ohio">Lorain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Ohio" title="Middletown, Ohio">Middletown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_Ohio" title="Newark, Ohio">Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parma,_Ohio" title="Parma, Ohio">Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Ohio" title="Springfield, Ohio">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Youngstown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Ohio" title="List of counties in Ohio">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_County,_Ohio" title="Adams County, Ohio">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_County,_Ohio" title="Allen County, Ohio">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashland_County,_Ohio" title="Ashland County, Ohio">Ashland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtabula_County,_Ohio" title="Ashtabula County, Ohio">Ashtabula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens_County,_Ohio" title="Athens County, Ohio">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auglaize_County,_Ohio" title="Auglaize County, Ohio">Auglaize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont_County,_Ohio" title="Belmont County, Ohio">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_County,_Ohio" title="Brown County, Ohio">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butler_County,_Ohio" title="Butler County, Ohio">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Ohio" title="Carroll County, Ohio">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaign_County,_Ohio" title="Champaign County, Ohio">Champaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Ohio" title="Clark County, Ohio">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont_County,_Ohio" title="Clermont County, Ohio">Clermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_County,_Ohio" title="Clinton County, Ohio">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbiana_County,_Ohio" title="Columbiana County, Ohio">Columbiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coshocton_County,_Ohio" title="Coshocton County, Ohio">Coshocton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_County,_Ohio" title="Crawford County, Ohio">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_County,_Ohio" title="Cuyahoga County, Ohio">Cuyahoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darke_County,_Ohio" title="Darke County, Ohio">Darke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defiance_County,_Ohio" title="Defiance County, Ohio">Defiance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_County,_Ohio" title="Delaware County, Ohio">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie_County,_Ohio" title="Erie County, Ohio">Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield_County,_Ohio" title="Fairfield County, Ohio">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayette_County,_Ohio" title="Fayette County, Ohio">Fayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Ohio" title="Franklin County, Ohio">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_County,_Ohio" title="Fulton County, Ohio">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallia_County,_Ohio" title="Gallia County, Ohio">Gallia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geauga_County,_Ohio" title="Geauga County, Ohio">Geauga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Ohio" title="Greene County, Ohio">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey_County,_Ohio" title="Guernsey County, Ohio">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_County,_Ohio" title="Hamilton County, Ohio">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancock_County,_Ohio" title="Hancock County, Ohio">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardin_County,_Ohio" title="Hardin County, Ohio">Hardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_County,_Ohio" title="Harrison County, Ohio">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_County,_Ohio" title="Henry County, Ohio">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_County,_Ohio" title="Highland County, Ohio">Highland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hocking_County,_Ohio" title="Hocking County, Ohio">Hocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holmes_County,_Ohio" title="Holmes County, Ohio">Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huron_County,_Ohio" title="Huron County, Ohio">Huron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Ohio" title="Jackson County, Ohio">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Ohio" title="Jefferson County, Ohio">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knox_County,_Ohio" title="Knox County, Ohio">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_Ohio" title="Lake County, Ohio">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_County,_Ohio" title="Lawrence County, Ohio">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licking_County,_Ohio" title="Licking County, Ohio">Licking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_County,_Ohio" title="Logan County, Ohio">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorain_County,_Ohio" title="Lorain County, Ohio">Lorain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucas_County,_Ohio" title="Lucas County, Ohio">Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Ohio" title="Madison County, Ohio">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahoning_County,_Ohio" title="Mahoning County, Ohio">Mahoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_County,_Ohio" title="Marion County, Ohio">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina_County,_Ohio" title="Medina County, Ohio">Medina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meigs_County,_Ohio" title="Meigs County, Ohio">Meigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_Ohio" title="Mercer County, Ohio">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_County,_Ohio" title="Miami County, Ohio">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Ohio" title="Monroe County, Ohio">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Ohio" title="Montgomery County, Ohio">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Ohio" title="Morgan County, Ohio">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrow_County,_Ohio" title="Morrow County, Ohio">Morrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskingum_County,_Ohio" title="Muskingum County, Ohio">Muskingum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_County,_Ohio" title="Noble County, Ohio">Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_County,_Ohio" title="Ottawa County, Ohio">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulding_County,_Ohio" title="Paulding County, Ohio">Paulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_County,_Ohio" title="Perry County, Ohio">Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickaway_County,_Ohio" title="Pickaway County, Ohio">Pickaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_County,_Ohio" title="Pike County, Ohio">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portage_County,_Ohio" title="Portage County, Ohio">Portage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preble_County,_Ohio" title="Preble County, Ohio">Preble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putnam_County,_Ohio" title="Putnam County, Ohio">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richland_County,_Ohio" title="Richland County, Ohio">Richland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_County,_Ohio" title="Ross County, Ohio">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandusky_County,_Ohio" title="Sandusky County, Ohio">Sandusky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scioto_County,_Ohio" title="Scioto County, Ohio">Scioto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_County,_Ohio" title="Seneca County, Ohio">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_County,_Ohio" title="Shelby County, Ohio">Shelby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stark_County,_Ohio" title="Stark County, Ohio">Stark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_County,_Ohio" title="Summit County, Ohio">Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumbull_County,_Ohio" title="Trumbull County, Ohio">Trumbull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscarawas_County,_Ohio" title="Tuscarawas County, Ohio">Tuscarawas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_Ohio" title="Union County, Ohio">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Wert_County,_Ohio" title="Van Wert County, Ohio">Van Wert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinton_County,_Ohio" title="Vinton County, Ohio">Vinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Ohio" title="Warren County, Ohio">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Ohio" title="Washington County, Ohio">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Ohio" title="Wayne County, Ohio">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_County,_Ohio" title="Williams County, Ohio">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_County,_Ohio" title="Wood County, Ohio">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyandot_County,_Ohio" title="Wyandot County, Ohio">Wyandot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/48px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/64px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="320" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ohio" title="Portal:Ohio">Ohio portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Great_Lakes_megalopolis_as_defined_by_the_RPA" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Great_Lakes_Megalopolis" title="Template:Great Lakes Megalopolis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Great_Lakes_Megalopolis" title="Template talk:Great Lakes Megalopolis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Great_Lakes_Megalopolis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Great Lakes Megalopolis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Great_Lakes_megalopolis_as_defined_by_the_RPA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_megalopolis" title="Great Lakes megalopolis">Great Lakes megalopolis</a> as defined by the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Plan_Association" title="Regional Plan Association">RPA</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Includes all metropolitan areas that have a population of 150,000 or greater according to the most recent national census.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Great Lakes region cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford">Brantford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo%E2%80%93Niagara_Falls_metropolitan_area" title="Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area"> Buffalo–Niagara Falls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_New_York" title="Niagara Falls, New York">Niagara Falls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cleveland" title="Greater Cleveland">Cleveland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Detroit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Ports" title="Twin Ports">Duluth–Superior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota" title="Duluth, Minnesota">Duluth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior,_Wisconsin" title="Superior, Wisconsin">Superior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie%E2%80%93Meadville,_PA_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Erie–Meadville, PA Combined Statistical Area">Erie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie, Pennsylvania">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids_metropolitan_area" title="Grand Rapids metropolitan area">Grand Rapids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelph" title="Guelph">Guelph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay_metropolitan_area" title="Green Bay metropolitan area">Green Bay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay,_Wisconsin" title="Green Bay, Wisconsin">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland,_Michigan" title="Holland, Michigan">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo%E2%80%93Portage_metropolitan_area" title="Kalamazoo–Portage metropolitan area">Kalamazoo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo,_Michigan" title="Kalamazoo, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha,_Wisconsin" title="Kenosha, Wisconsin">Kenosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansing%E2%80%93East_Lansing_metropolitan_area" title="Lansing–East Lansing metropolitan area">Lansing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_metropolitan_area" title="Milwaukee metropolitan area">Milwaukee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskegon,_Michigan" title="Muskegon, Michigan">Muskegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Niagara" title="Regional Municipality of Niagara">Niagara Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Catharines" title="St. Catharines">St. Catharines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_Ontario" title="Niagara Falls, Ontario">Niagara Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welland,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Welland, Ontario">Welland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niles,_Michigan" title="Niles, Michigan">Niles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshawa" title="Oshawa">Oshawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_metropolitan_area,_New_York" title="Rochester metropolitan area, New York">Rochester, New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend%E2%80%93Mishawaka_metropolitan_area" title="South Bend–Mishawaka metropolitan area">South Bend</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend,_Indiana" title="South Bend, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay" title="Thunder Bay">Thunder Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo_metropolitan_area" title="Toledo metropolitan area">Toledo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Toronto_Area" title="Greater Toronto Area">Toronto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_City_metropolitan_area" title="Traverse City metropolitan area">Traverse City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_City,_Michigan" title="Traverse City, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Waterloo" title="Regional Municipality of Waterloo">Waterloo Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchener,_Ontario" title="Kitchener, Ontario">Kitchener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Ontario" title="Cambridge, Ontario">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo,_Ontario" title="Waterloo, Ontario">Waterloo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ChiPitts_megaregion.png/145px-ChiPitts_megaregion.png" decoding="async" width="145" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ChiPitts_megaregion.png/218px-ChiPitts_megaregion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ChiPitts_megaregion.png/290px-ChiPitts_megaregion.png 2x" data-file-width="1188" data-file-height="704" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surrounding cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron_metropolitan_area" title="Akron metropolitan area">Akron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altoona,_Pennsylvania" title="Altoona, Pennsylvania">Altoona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrie" title="Barrie">Barrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington_metropolitan_area,_Indiana" title="Bloomington metropolitan area, Indiana">Bloomington, Indiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana" title="Bloomington, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington%E2%80%93Normal" title="Bloomington–Normal">Bloomington–Normal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Illinois" title="Bloomington, Illinois">Bloomington, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normal,_Illinois" title="Normal, Illinois">Normal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton%E2%80%93Massillon,_Ohio,_metropolitan_area" title="Canton–Massillon, Ohio, metropolitan area">Canton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Ohio" title="Canton, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaign%E2%80%93Urbana_metropolitan_area" title="Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area">Champaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champaign,_Illinois" title="Champaign, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_metropolitan_area" title="Cincinnati metropolitan area">Cincinnati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_metropolitan_area,_Ohio" title="Columbus metropolitan area, Ohio">Columbus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_metropolitan_area" title="Dayton metropolitan area">Dayton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_Claire%E2%80%93Chippewa_Falls_metropolitan_area" title="Eau Claire–Chippewa Falls metropolitan area">Eau Claire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eau_Claire,_Wisconsin" title="Eau Claire, Wisconsin">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkhart,_Indiana" title="Elkhart, Indiana">Elkhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evansville_metropolitan_area" title="Evansville metropolitan area">Evansville</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evansville,_Indiana" title="Evansville, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fargo%E2%80%93Moorhead" title="Fargo–Moorhead">Fargo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" title="Flint, Michigan">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_IN_Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Wayne, IN Metropolitan Statistical Area">Fort Wayne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Cities" title="Fox Cities">Fox Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appleton,_Wisconsin" title="Appleton, Wisconsin">Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshkosh,_Wisconsin" title="Oshkosh, Wisconsin">Oshkosh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_metropolitan_area" title="Indianapolis metropolitan area">Indianapolis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Michigan" title="Jackson, Michigan">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janesville,_Wisconsin" title="Janesville, Wisconsin">Janesville</a>–<a href="/wiki/Beloit,_Wisconsin" title="Beloit, Wisconsin">Beloit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankakee-Bourbonnais-Bradley,_IL_MSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Kankakee-Bourbonnais-Bradley, IL MSA">Kankakee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kankakee,_Illinois" title="Kankakee, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Crosse%E2%80%93Onalaska" title="La Crosse–Onalaska">La Crosse–Onalaska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Crosse,_Wisconsin" title="La Crosse, Wisconsin">La Crosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onalaska,_Wisconsin" title="Onalaska, Wisconsin">Onalaska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_metropolitan_area,_Indiana" title="Lafayette metropolitan area, Indiana">Lafayette</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_Indiana" title="Lafayette, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_metropolitan_area" title="Madison metropolitan area">Madison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahoning_Valley" title="Mahoning Valley">Mahoning Valley</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Youngstown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Minneapolis–Saint Paul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Montreal" title="Greater Montreal">Greater Montreal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laval,_Quebec" title="Laval, Quebec">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longueuil" title="Longueuil">Longueuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(Canada)" title="National Capital Region (Canada)">National Capital Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatineau" title="Gatineau">Gatineau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh%E2%80%93New_Castle%E2%80%93Weirton_combined_statistical_area" title="Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton combined statistical area">Pittsburgh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoria_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoria metropolitan area, Illinois">Peoria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough,_Ontario" title="Peterborough, Ontario">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" title="Rockford metropolitan area, Illinois">Rockford</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois" title="Rockford, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_metropolitan_area,_Minnesota" title="Rochester metropolitan area, Minnesota">Rochester, Minnesota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Minnesota" title="Rochester, Minnesota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguenay,_Quebec" title="Saguenay, Quebec">Saguenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Cloud,_Minnesota_metropolitan_area" title="St. Cloud, Minnesota metropolitan area">St. Cloud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Cloud,_Minnesota" title="St. Cloud, Minnesota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw,_Midland,_and_Bay_City_metropolitan_area" title="Saginaw, Midland, and Bay City metropolitan area">Saginaw</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw,_Michigan" title="Saginaw, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Sioux Falls metropolitan area">Sioux Falls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota" title="Sioux Falls, South Dakota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" title="Springfield metropolitan area, Illinois">Springfield</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury">Sudbury</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_neighbourhoods_of_Sudbury" title="Urban neighbourhoods of Sudbury">urban neighbourhoods</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse_metropolitan_area" title="Syracuse metropolitan area">Syracuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre_Haute_metropolitan_area" title="Terre Haute metropolitan area">Terre Haute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terre_Haute,_Indiana" title="Terre Haute, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utica%E2%80%93Rome_metropolitan_area" title="Utica–Rome metropolitan area">Utica–Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utica,_New_York" title="Utica, New York">Utica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome,_New_York" title="Rome, New York">Rome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quad_Cities" title="Quad Cities">Quad Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bettendorf,_Iowa" title="Bettendorf, Iowa">Bettendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davenport,_Iowa" title="Davenport, Iowa">Davenport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Moline,_Illinois" title="East Moline, Illinois">East Moline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moline,_Illinois" title="Moline, Illinois">Moline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Island,_Illinois" title="Rock Island, Illinois">Rock Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City_metropolitan_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec City metropolitan community">Greater Quebec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">city</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities of states south of region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethtown_metropolitan_area" title="Elizabethtown metropolitan area">Elizabethtown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethtown,_Kentucky" title="Elizabethtown, Kentucky">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_metropolitan_area" title="Kansas City metropolitan area">Kansas City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="Louisville metropolitan area">Louisville</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_St._Louis" title="Greater St. Louis">St. Louis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topeka_metropolitan_area,_Kansas" title="Topeka metropolitan area, Kansas">Topeka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeling_metropolitan_area" title="Wheeling metropolitan area">Wheeling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheeling,_West_Virginia" title="Wheeling, West Virginia">city</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other metro-regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City%E2%80%93Windsor_Corridor" title="Quebec City–Windsor Corridor">Quebec City–Windsor Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horseshoe" title="Golden Horseshoe">Golden Horseshoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Toronto_and_Hamilton_Area" title="Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area">Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit%E2%80%93Windsor" title="Detroit–Windsor">Detroit–Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Pittsburgh" title="Greater Pittsburgh">Greater Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_East" title="Metro East">Metro East</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Megaregions_of_the_United_States" title="Megaregions of the United States">Other megaregions</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_of_Ohio" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ohio_county_seats" title="Template:Ohio county seats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ohio_county_seats" title="Template talk:Ohio county seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ohio_county_seats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ohio county seats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_seats_of_Ohio" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">Akron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashland,_Ohio" title="Ashland, Ohio">Ashland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens,_Ohio" title="Athens, Ohio">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Ohio" title="Batavia, Ohio">Batavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellefontaine,_Ohio" title="Bellefontaine, Ohio">Bellefontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green,_Ohio" title="Bowling Green, Ohio">Bowling Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan,_Ohio" title="Bryan, Ohio">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucyrus,_Ohio" title="Bucyrus, Ohio">Bucyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadiz,_Ohio" title="Cadiz, Ohio">Cadiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell,_Ohio" title="Caldwell, Ohio">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Ohio" title="Cambridge, Ohio">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Ohio" title="Canton, Ohio">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrollton,_Ohio" title="Carrollton, Ohio">Carrollton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celina,_Ohio" title="Celina, Ohio">Celina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chardon,_Ohio" title="Chardon, Ohio">Chardon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chillicothe,_Ohio" title="Chillicothe, Ohio">Chillicothe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circleville,_Ohio" title="Circleville, Ohio">Circleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coshocton,_Ohio" title="Coshocton, Ohio">Coshocton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defiance,_Ohio" title="Defiance, Ohio">Defiance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware,_Ohio" title="Delaware, Ohio">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaton,_Ohio" title="Eaton, Ohio">Eaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elyria,_Ohio" title="Elyria, Ohio">Elyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Findlay,_Ohio" title="Findlay, Ohio">Findlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont,_Ohio" title="Fremont, Ohio">Fremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallipolis,_Ohio" title="Gallipolis, Ohio">Gallipolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Ohio" title="Georgetown, Ohio">Georgetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Ohio" title="Greenville, Ohio">Greenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ohio" title="Hamilton, Ohio">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsboro,_Ohio" title="Hillsboro, Ohio">Hillsboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ironton,_Ohio" title="Ironton, Ohio">Ironton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Ohio" title="Jackson, Ohio">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson,_Ohio" title="Jefferson, Ohio">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenton,_Ohio" title="Kenton, Ohio">Kenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Ohio" title="Lancaster, Ohio">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon,_Ohio" title="Lebanon, Ohio">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima,_Ohio" title="Lima, Ohio">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon,_Ohio" title="Lisbon, Ohio">Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan,_Ohio" title="Logan, Ohio">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London,_Ohio" title="London, Ohio">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansfield,_Ohio" title="Mansfield, Ohio">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marietta,_Ohio" title="Marietta, Ohio">Marietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Ohio" title="Marion, Ohio">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marysville,_Ohio" title="Marysville, Ohio">Marysville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McArthur,_Ohio" title="McArthur, Ohio">McArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McConnelsville,_Ohio" title="McConnelsville, Ohio">McConnelsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina,_Ohio" title="Medina, Ohio">Medina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millersburg,_Ohio" title="Millersburg, Ohio">Millersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Gilead,_Ohio" title="Mount Gilead, Ohio">Mount Gilead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_Ohio" title="Mount Vernon, Ohio">Mount Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon,_Ohio" title="Napoleon, Ohio">Napoleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Lexington,_Ohio" title="New Lexington, Ohio">New Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Philadelphia,_Ohio" title="New Philadelphia, Ohio">New Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_Ohio" title="Newark, Ohio">Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwalk,_Ohio" title="Norwalk, Ohio">Norwalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa,_Ohio" title="Ottawa, Ohio">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painesville,_Ohio" title="Painesville, Ohio">Painesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulding,_Ohio" title="Paulding, Ohio">Paulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeroy,_Ohio" title="Pomeroy, Ohio">Pomeroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Clinton,_Ohio" title="Port Clinton, Ohio">Port Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_Ohio" title="Portsmouth, Ohio">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravenna,_Ohio" title="Ravenna, Ohio">Ravenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandusky,_Ohio" title="Sandusky, Ohio">Sandusky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney,_Ohio" title="Sidney, Ohio">Sidney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Ohio" title="Springfield, Ohio">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Clairsville,_Ohio" title="St. Clairsville, Ohio">St. Clairsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steubenville,_Ohio" title="Steubenville, Ohio">Steubenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiffin,_Ohio" title="Tiffin, Ohio">Tiffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy,_Ohio" title="Troy, Ohio">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Sandusky,_Ohio" title="Upper Sandusky, Ohio">Upper Sandusky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbana,_Ohio" title="Urbana, Ohio">Urbana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Wert,_Ohio" title="Van Wert, Ohio">Van Wert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wapakoneta,_Ohio" title="Wapakoneta, Ohio">Wapakoneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren,_Ohio" title="Warren, Ohio">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Court_House,_Ohio" title="Washington Court House, Ohio">Washington Court House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wauseon,_Ohio" title="Wauseon, Ohio">Wauseon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waverly,_Ohio" title="Waverly, Ohio">Waverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Union,_Ohio" title="West Union, Ohio">West Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Ohio" title="Wilmington, Ohio">Wilmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodsfield,_Ohio" title="Woodsfield, Ohio">Woodsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wooster,_Ohio" title="Wooster, Ohio">Wooster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenia,_Ohio" title="Xenia, Ohio">Xenia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Youngstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanesville,_Ohio" title="Zanesville, Ohio">Zanesville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216820#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216820#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216820#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/152453125">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4367457-4">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81058989">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007564588505171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/cbda7786-cedc-4473-96ee-31602f41ec7d">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/155284118">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045799">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a 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[\"CITEREFMadeline_Bartos,_Megan_Shinn,_Jennifer_Borrasso,_Barry_Pintar2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMitchell2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNasser2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPallanteScotty_HanahanJim_DunnTed_Miller2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPellegrini2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeters1918\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanderson1907\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScalzo2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchatz2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSess,_Dave2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShellock2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShilling2006\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSkolnick2005\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSkolnick2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSolomon1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTavernise2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrolio2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrolio2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_States_Census_Bureau2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_States_Department_of_Agriculture\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUpton1910\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWard1946\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWashington1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWassermanclevel.com2017\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 13,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 38,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 96,\n [\"Collapsible list\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 26,\n [\"Coord\"] = 2,\n [\"Flag\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagdeco\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagu\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 2,\n [\"GNIS\"] = 1,\n [\"Great Lakes Megalopolis\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 7,\n [\"Infobox settlement\"] = 1,\n [\"Legend0\"] = 5,\n [\"Mahoning County, Ohio\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Maplink\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"NRISref\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Ohio\"] = 1,\n [\"Ohio county seats\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 4,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Trumbull County, Ohio\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"US Census population\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n [\"When\"] = 1,\n [\"Youngstown\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","320","23.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","280","20.6"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","180","13.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","60","4.4"],["\u003Cmw.title.lua:50\u003E","60","4.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::len","60","4.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","60","4.4"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","40","2.9"],["gsub","40","2.9"],["select_one \u003CModule:Citation/CS1/Utilities:426\u003E","20","1.5"],["[others]","240","17.6"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-gdkxt","timestamp":"20241124161112","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Youngstown, Ohio","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youngstown,_Ohio","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q216820","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q216820","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-11-24T10:45:16Z","dateModified":"2024-10-10T06:23:03Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b6\/Mill_Creek_Park_Lanterman%27s_Mill.jpg","headline":"county seat of Mahoning County, 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