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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Апошнія зьмены</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96"><span>Новыя старонкі</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Месца, каб пра ўсё даведацца"><span>Дапамога</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Вікіпэдыя" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-be_x_old.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="вольная энцыкляпэдыя" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-be_x_old.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BA" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Шукаць у Вікіпэдыі [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Пошук</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Пошук у Вікіпэдыі" aria-label="Пошук у Вікіпэдыі" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Шукаць у Вікіпэдыі [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Спэцыяльныя:Пошук"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Пошук</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Асабістыя прылады"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Выгляд" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Выгляд</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be-x-old.wikipedia.org&uselang=be-tarask" class=""><span>Ахвяраваньні</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA&returnto=%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Мы прапануем вам стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсьці, але гэта не абавязкова" class=""><span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%83&returnto=%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Вас запрашаюць увайсьці, хаця гэта і неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Увайсьці</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Болей парамэтраў" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Асабістыя прылады" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Асабістыя прылады</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Карыстацкае мэню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be-x-old.wikipedia.org&uselang=be-tarask"><span>Ахвяраваньні</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA&returnto=%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Мы прапануем вам стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсьці, але гэта не абавязкова"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%83&returnto=%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Вас запрашаюць увайсьці, хаця гэта і неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Увайсьці</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Старонкі для неаўтарызаваных рэдактараў <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" aria-label="Даведайцеся пра рэдагаваньне болей"><span>даведацца болей</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%91%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Сьпіс рэдагаваньняў, зробленых з гэтага IP-адрасу [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Унёсак</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Старонка гутарак пра рэдагаваньні, зробленыя з гэтага IP-адрасу [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Гутаркі</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Зьмест" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Зьмест</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">перанесьці ў бакавую панэль</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пачатак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Апраксымацыя_ў_мовазнаўстве" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Апраксымацыя_ў_мовазнаўстве"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Апраксымацыя ў мовазнаўстве</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Апраксымацыя_ў_мовазнаўстве-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Крыніцы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Крыніцы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Крыніцы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Крыніцы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Зьмест" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Схаваць/паказаць зьмест" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Схаваць/паказаць зьмест</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Апраксымацыя</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перайсьці да артыкула на іншай мове. Выбраць з: 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 мовы</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="تقريب — арабская" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تقريب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approksimasiya" title="Approksimasiya — азэрбайджанская" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Approksimasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азэрбайджанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Апраксімацыя — беларуская" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Апраксімацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Апроксимация — баўгарская" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Апроксимация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="баўгарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tostadur" title="Tostadur — брэтонская" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tostadur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="брэтонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Аппроксимаци — чуваская" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Аппроксимаци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чуваская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aproximace" title="Aproximace — чэская" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aproximace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чэская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipo_(huwandu)" title="Chipo (huwandu) — шонская" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chipo (huwandu)" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasamcan" title="Brasamcan — валійская" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brasamcan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approksimation" title="Approksimation — дацкая" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Approksimation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximation" title="Approximation — нямецкая" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Approximation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximation" title="Approximation — ангельская" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Approximation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ангельская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aproximaci%C3%B3n" title="Aproximación — гішпанская" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aproximación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="гішпанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proksimuma_kalkulado" title="Proksimuma kalkulado — эспэранта" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Proksimuma kalkulado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эспэранта" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8" title="تقریب — пэрсыдзкая" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تقریب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="пэрсыдзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximation" title="Approximation — француская" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Approximation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%BC%EC%82%BF%EA%B0%92" title="근삿값 — карэйская" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="근삿값" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="карэйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Մոտարկում — армянская" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մոտարկում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="सन्निकटन — гіндзі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सन्निकटन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="гіндзі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aproksimacija" title="Aproksimacija — харвацкая" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aproksimacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="харвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghampiran" title="Penghampiran — інданэзійская" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penghampiran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="інданэзійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approssimazione" title="Approssimazione — італьянская" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Approssimazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="італьянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91" title="קירוב — іўрыт" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קירוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="іўрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аппроксимация — казаская" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аппроксимация" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казаская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Болжолдоо — кыргыская" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Болжолдоо" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="кыргыская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benadering" title="Benadering — нідэрляндзкая" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Benadering" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нідэрляндзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%82_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%A7%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE)" title="अनुमानं (सन् १९६१या संकिपा) — неўарыйская" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अनुमानं (सन् १९६१या संकिपा)" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неўарыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC" title="近似 — японская" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="近似" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approksimasjon" title="Approksimasjon — нарвэская (нюнашк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Approksimasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нарвэская (нюнашк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approksimatsiya" title="Approksimatsiya — узбэцкая" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Approksimatsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aproksymacja" title="Aproksymacja — польская" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aproksymacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aproxima%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Aproximação — партугальская" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aproximação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="партугальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аппроксимация — расейская" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аппроксимация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="расейская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximation" title="Approximation — спрошчаная ангельская" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Approximation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="спрошчаная ангельская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aproxim%C3%A1cia" title="Aproximácia — славацкая" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Aproximácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="славацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Апроксимација — сэрбская" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Апроксимација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сэрбская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approksimaatio" title="Approksimaatio — фінская" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Approksimaatio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A4rmev%C3%A4rde" title="Närmevärde — швэдзкая" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Närmevärde" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швэдзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அண்ணளவாக்கம் — тамільская" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அண்ணளவாக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамільская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аппроксиматсия — таджыцкая" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аппроксиматсия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджыцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Апроксимація — украінская" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Апроксимація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A9p_x%E1%BA%A5p_x%E1%BB%89" title="Phép xấp xỉ — віетнамская" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phép xấp xỉ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="віетнамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC%E5%80%BC" title="近似值 — кантонская" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="近似值" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC" title="近似 — кітайская" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="近似" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кітайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27058#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Рэдагаваць міжмоўныя спасылкі" class="wbc-editpage">Правіць спасылкі</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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[h]" accesskey="h"><span>Паказаць гісторыю</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Інструмэнты" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Інструмэнты</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbe-tarask.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2590%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D1%258B%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D1%258B%25D1%258F"><span>Спампаваць QR-код</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Друк/экспарт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F"><span>Стварыць кнігу</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=show-download-screen"><span>Загрузіць як PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F&printable=yes" title="Вэрсія гэтай старонкі для друку [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Вэрсія для друку</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> У іншых праектах </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Approximation" hreflang="en"><span>Вікісховішча</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27058" title="Спасылка на аб’ект у рэпазыторыі зьвестак [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Аб’ект Вікізьвестак</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Выгляд</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">перанесьці ў бакавую панэль</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Зьвесткі зь Вікіпэдыі — вольнай энцыкляпэдыі</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="be-tarask" dir="ltr"><p><b>Апраксымацыя</b> або <b>набліжэньне</b> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Навука">навуковы</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мэтад (старонка не існуе)">мэтад</a>, які палягае ў замене адных <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B1%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аб’ект (старонка не існуе)">аб’ектаў</a> іншымі, якія так ці іначай сэнсава блізкія да першапачатковых, але зьўяляюцца больш простымі. </p><p>Апраксымацыя дазваляе дасьледаваць лікавыя характарыстыкі і якасныя ўласьцівасьці аб’екта, зводзячы задачу да вывучэньня больш простых або больш зручных аб’ектаў (прыкладам, такіх, чые характарыстыкі можна вылічыць простым чынам або ўласьцівасьці якіх ужо вядомыя). Напрыклад, у <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Тэорыя лікаў">тэорыі лікаў</a> вывучаецца апраксымацыя <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ірацыянальны лік (старонка не існуе)">ірацыянальных</a> лікаў <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Рацыянальны лік">рацыянальнымі</a>. У <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Геамэтрыя">геамэтрыі</a> разглядаюцца набліжэньні <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Крывая (геамэтрыя) (старонка не існуе)">крывых</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ломаная (старонка не існуе)">ломанымі</a>. Пэўныя разьдзелы матэматыкі ў сутнасьці цалкам прысьвечаныя апраксымацыі, напрыклад <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тэорыя набліжэньняў (старонка не існуе)">тэорыя набліжэньня</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Функцыя (матэматыка)">функцый</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7" title="Лікавы аналіз">лікавыя мэтады аналізу</a>. </p><p>У пераносным сэнсе ўжываецца ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Філязофія">філязофіі</a> як <i>мэтад набліжэньня</i>, паказваньне прыблізнага, неканчатковага характару. Напрыклад, у такім сэнсе панятак «апраксымацыя» актыўна выкарыстоўваўся <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%8E_%D0%9A%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сёрэн Абю К’еркегор">Сёрэнам К’еркегорам</a> (1813—1855) ў «Заключным ненавуковым пасьляслоўі…» </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Апраксымацыя_ў_мовазнаўстве"><span id=".D0.90.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.81.D1.8B.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.86.D1.8B.D1.8F_.D1.9E_.D0.BC.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.B7.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.9E.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B5"></span>Апраксымацыя ў мовазнаўстве</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Апраксымацыя ў мовазнаўстве»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&section=1" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Апраксымацыя ў мовазнаўстве"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Катэгорыя апраксімацыі прысутнічае у беларускім <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Мовазнаўства">мовазнаўстве</a> для абазначэньня выніку адсутнасьці ў беларускай мове адзінай сыстэмы <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Трансьлітарацыя">трансьлітарацыі</a> для замежных словаў <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Крыніцы"><span id=".D0.9A.D1.80.D1.8B.D0.BD.D1.96.D1.86.D1.8B"></span>Крыніцы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Крыніцы»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&section=2" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Крыніцы"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="font-size:85%; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mowaznaustwa.ru/2009/04/18/a-nikalaeva-nekatoryya-pytanni-translitaracyi-zamezhnyx-najmennya%D1%9E-u-belaruskaj-move-i-magchymyya-shlyaxi-ix-vyrashennya-na-prykladze-ispanskaj-italyanskaj-i-partugalskaj-mova%D1%9E/">А. НІКАЛАЕВА. НЕКАТОРЫЯ ПЫТАННІ ТРАНСЛІТАРАЦЫІ ЗАМЕЖНЫХ НАЙМЕННЯЎ У БЕЛАРУСКАЙ МОВЕ І МАГЧЫМЫЯ ШЛЯХІ ІХ ВЫРАШЭННЯ (НА ПРЫКЛАДЗЕ ІСПАНСКАЙ, ІТАЛЬЯНСКАЙ І ПАРТУГАЛЬСКАЙ МОВАЎ)</a> </span> </li> </ol> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Атрымана з «<a dir="ltr" href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Апраксымацыя&oldid=2139872">https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Апраксымацыя&oldid=2139872</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Спэцыяльныя:Катэгорыі">Катэгорыі</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%96_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Катэгорыя:Трансьлітарацыя і транскрыпцыя">Трансьлітарацыя і транскрыпцыя</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Катэгорыя:Набліжэньні">Набліжэньні</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Гэтая старонка апошні раз рэдагавалася 20 чэрвеня 2020 году ў 11:52.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Гэты тэкст даступны на ўмовах <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.be">ліцэнзіі Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike 4.0</a>; 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