CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html data-n-head-ssr lang="en" data-n-head="%7B%22lang%22:%7B%22ssr%22:%22en%22%7D%7D"> <head > <link data-n-head="ssr" rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://brand.frontiersin.org/m/ed3f9ce840a03d7/favicon_16-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png"> <link data-n-head="ssr" rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://brand.frontiersin.org/m/ed3f9ce840a03d7/favicon_32-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png"> <link data-n-head="ssr" rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="180x180" href="https://brand.frontiersin.org/m/ed3f9ce840a03d7/favicon_180-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png"> <title>Frontiers | Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Pediatric Healthcare Workers in Spain</title><meta data-n-head="ssr" charset="utf-8"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="charset" charset="utf-8"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="mobile-web-app-capable" name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="apple-mobile-web-app-title" name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Frontiers | Articles"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="theme-color" name="theme-color" content="#0C4DED"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="description" property="description" name="description" content="Spain is one of the countries most severely affected by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with almost 190,000 cases as of April 18, 2020. As healthcare workers (HCW) ..."><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="og:title" property="og:title" name="title" content="Frontiers | Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Pediatric Healthcare Workers in Spain"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="og:description" property="og:description" name="description" content="Spain is one of the countries most severely affected by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with almost 190,000 cases as of April 18, 2020. As healthcare workers (HCW) ..."><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="keywords" name="keywords" content="Seroprevalance,COVID - 19,healthcare worker (HCW),SARS-CoV2,Rapid test for covid"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="og:site_name" property="og:site_name" name="site_name" content="Frontiers"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="og:image" property="og:image" name="image" content="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=1200&f=png/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/559520/fped-08-00547-HTML/image_m/fped-08-00547-t001.jpg"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="og:type" property="og:type" name="type" content="article"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="og:url" property="og:url" name="url" content="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/full"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="twitter:card" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_volume" name="citation_volume" content="8"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_journal_title" name="citation_journal_title" content="Frontiers in Pediatrics"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_publisher" name="citation_publisher" content="Frontiers"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_journal_abbrev" name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Front. Pediatr."><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_issn" name="citation_issn" content="2296-2360"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_doi" name="citation_doi" content="10.3389/fped.2020.00547"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_firstpage" name="citation_firstpage" content="559520"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_language" name="citation_language" content="English"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_title" name="citation_title" content="Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Pediatric Healthcare Workers in Spain"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_keywords" name="citation_keywords" content="Seroprevalance; COVID - 19; healthcare worker (HCW); SARS-CoV2; Rapid test for covid"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_abstract" name="citation_abstract" content="<p>Spain is one of the countries most severely affected by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with almost 190,000 cases as of April 18, 2020. As healthcare workers (HCW) are one of the groups hardest hit by the infection, it is important to know the seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric departments. We performed 175 immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG immunochromatographic rapid tests in the personnel working at the Pediatric Department of the Hospital Clínico Universitario of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), including pediatricians, residents, nurses, and other staff, on days 31–33 since the lockdown started. Seven out of the 175 tests were positive, including four for IgM and three for IgG, leading to a seroprevalence of 4.0% (95% CI: 1.1–6.9%). Only one of them had symptoms at the time of testing (sore throat). All seropositive cases yielded negative RT-PCR of the upper and lower respiratory tract. This is the first SARS-CoV-2 serological survey among HCWs reported in Spain. Notwithstanding the test limitations, our results reveal that personal protection policy and lockdown measures have been effective to limit population exposure. The low seroprevalence rate poses a significant challenge for the next strategic steps of pandemic control.</p>"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_pdf_url" name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/pdf"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_online_date" name="citation_online_date" content="2020/07/29"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_publication_date" name="citation_publication_date" content="2020/09/11"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_0" name="citation_author" content="Dacosta-Urbieta, Ana"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_0" name="citation_author_institution" content="Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Servicio Gallego de Salud), Spain"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_1" name="citation_author" content="Rivero-Calle, Irene"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_1" name="citation_author_institution" content="Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Servicio Gallego de Salud), Spain"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_2" name="citation_author" content="Pardo-Seco, Jacobo"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_2" name="citation_author_institution" content="Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Servicio Gallego de Salud), Spain"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_3" name="citation_author" content="Redondo-Collazo, Lorenzo"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_3" name="citation_author_institution" content="Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Servicio Gallego de Salud), Spain"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_4" name="citation_author" content="Salas, Antonio"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_4" name="citation_author_institution" content="Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Servicio Gallego de Salud), Spain"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_5" name="citation_author" content="Gómez-Rial, Jose"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_5" name="citation_author_institution" content="Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Servicio Gallego de Salud), Spain"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_6" name="citation_author" content="Martinón-Torres, Federico"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_6" name="citation_author_institution" content="Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Servicio Gallego de Salud), Spain"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="dc.identifier" name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.3389/fped.2020.00547"><link data-n-head="ssr" rel="manifest" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/manifest.c499fc0a.json" data-hid="manifest"><link data-n-head="ssr" rel="canonical" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/full"><script data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="newrelic-browser-script" type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info = {"agent":"","beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"598a124f17","applicationID":"588603994","agentToken":null,"applicationTime":2.399497,"transactionName":"MQcDMkECCkNSW0YMWghNIgldDQFTRxd1IGFJTQ==","queueTime":0,"ttGuid":"f21727abd4d5907e"}; (window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"594400880",accountID:"230385",trustKey:"230385",xpid:"VgUHUl5WGwYIXFdSBAgOUg==",licenseKey:"598a124f17",applicationID:"588603994"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>s,Qu:()=>c,TZ:()=>a,ih:()=>u,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit"],o="api",a=n.K7.softNav,s={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},c={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},u={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>E,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>T,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",T="cb"+R,A="jsTime",E="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),N=r(5603),O=r(5284);const _=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let I=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:j,loader_config:P,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();j||(x=L.init,j=L.info,P=L.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,N.a)(e.agentIdentifier,P||{}),j.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(j.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,j);const H=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),D=[j.beacon,j.errorBeacon];I||(H.proxy.assets&&(_(H.proxy.assets),D.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&D.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?D:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var A="api-",S=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(A,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const _=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(S+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function j(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{_[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>j()),!0):j(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.274.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-1vUqEfJPB8Pihje9mv5CfYgkitO1FWcS+UQb84DbXqP8oYctRv4/lzl/MzNLPlRhcY1WVDBGL20I8vm6s2VV7g==",249:"sha512-Y/BeZAh6VSTmUtUNmS5XdyKxL92s30Fyyj8xVW76HSPxcKItL4+x2+kGMZc8pMJnUpZDz1L4eftZQAJh3D8NnA==",212:"sha512-Gn2tQ3qog5Yhrx/gRutkSTYPp+7nkKFt4/mIXg99LxcNpMDAYJZDBYmAACdoHNM86+iq1F3cBcQotFNzjIX8bw=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),p.RI&&((0,T.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class _ extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),j=i(3304);class P{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,j.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new P(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new P(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class D extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var M=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,M.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,j.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,j.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class _e extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class je extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var Pe=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function De(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const Me={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(Me[t.debugId]++)return t;Me[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:Je,e5:Qe,tH:$e,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=Pe;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=De(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Qe]=~~this[Qe]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Je,m),o.on(Je,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([$e+Ze,$e+"-done",$e+Xe+Ze,$e+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,Je,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,$e+Ze),v(d,$e+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];p.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/4764e3b.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/8e7ee66.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/css/468b299.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/232bf4b.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/css/6a64fd3.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/3b10072.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/a07a553.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/css/e5cdfa1.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/94ee25c.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/css/82a0061.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/5465e0e.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/css/d80c00c.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/fb04c78.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/f8f682e.js" as="script"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/css/468b299.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/css/6a64fd3.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/css/e5cdfa1.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/css/82a0061.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/css/d80c00c.css"> <meta property="fb:admins" content="1841006843"> </head> <body > <button class="BypassBlock__firstEl"></button> <a href="#main-content" class="BypassBlock__wrapper"> <span class="BypassBlock__button">Skip to main content</span> </a>  <noscript> <iframe src="https://tag-manager.frontiersin.org/ns.html?id=GTM-M322FV2&gtm_auth=owVbWxfaJr21yQv1fe1cAQ&gtm_preview=env-1&gtm_cookies_win=x" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>  <div data-server-rendered="true" id="__nuxt"><div id="__layout"><div theme="red" class="ArticleLayout"><nav class="Ibar"><h1 class="acc-hidden">Top bar navigation</h1> <div class="Ibar__main"><div class="Ibar__wrapper"><button aria-label="Open Menu" data-event="iBar-btn-openMenu" class="Ibar__burger"></button> <div class="Ibar__logo"><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/" aria-label="Frontiershome" data-event="iBar-a-home" class="Ibar__logo__link"><svg viewBox="0 0 2811 590" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="Ibar__logo__svg"><path d="M633.872 234.191h-42.674v-57.246h42.674c0-19.776 2.082-35.389 5.204-48.92 4.164-13.53 9.368-23.939 17.695-31.225 8.326-8.326 18.735-13.53 32.266-16.653 13.531-3.123 29.143-5.204 47.878-5.204h21.858c7.286 0 14.572 1.04 21.857 1.04v62.451c-8.326-1.041-16.653-2.082-23.939-2.082-10.408 0-17.694 1.041-23.939 4.164-6.245 3.122-9.368 10.408-9.368 22.898v13.531h53.083v57.246h-53.083v213.372h-89.512V234.191zM794.161 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.041c6.245-17.694 16.653-30.185 31.225-39.552 14.572-9.368 31.225-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.409c3.122 0 7.286 1.041 10.408 2.082v81.185c-6.245-2.082-11.449-3.122-16.653-4.163-5.204-1.041-11.449-1.041-16.654-1.041-11.449 0-20.816 2.082-29.143 5.204-8.327 3.123-15.613 8.327-20.817 14.572-5.204 6.245-10.408 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.123 8.326-4.163 15.612-4.163 23.939v133.228h-88.472V176.945h-1.041zM989.84 312.254c0-19.776 3.122-39.552 10.41-56.205 7.28-17.695 16.65-32.266 29.14-45.797 12.49-13.531 27.06-22.899 44.76-30.185 17.69-7.285 36.43-11.449 57.24-11.449 20.82 0 39.56 4.164 57.25 11.449 17.69 7.286 32.27 17.695 45.8 30.185 12.49 12.49 22.9 28.102 29.14 45.797 7.29 17.694 10.41 36.429 10.41 56.205 0 20.817-3.12 39.552-10.41 57.246-7.29 17.695-16.65 32.266-29.14 44.756-12.49 12.49-28.11 22.899-45.8 30.185-17.69 7.286-36.43 11.449-57.25 11.449-20.81 0-40.59-4.163-57.24-11.449-17.7-7.286-32.27-17.695-44.76-30.185-12.49-12.49-21.86-28.102-29.14-44.756-7.288-17.694-10.41-36.429-10.41-57.246zm88.47 0c0 8.327 1.04 17.694 3.12 26.021 2.09 9.368 5.21 16.653 9.37 23.939 4.16 7.286 9.37 13.531 16.65 17.695 7.29 4.163 15.62 7.285 26.03 7.285 10.4 0 18.73-2.081 26.02-7.285 7.28-4.164 12.49-10.409 16.65-17.695 4.16-7.286 7.29-15.612 9.37-23.939 2.08-9.368 3.12-17.694 3.12-26.021 0-8.327-1.04-17.694-3.12-26.021-2.08-9.368-5.21-16.653-9.37-23.939-4.16-7.286-9.37-13.531-16.65-17.695-7.29-5.204-15.62-7.285-26.02-7.285-10.41 0-18.74 2.081-26.03 7.285-7.28 5.205-12.49 10.409-16.65 17.695-4.16 7.286-7.28 15.612-9.37 23.939-2.08 9.368-3.12 17.694-3.12 26.021zM1306.25 176.945h86.39v37.47h1.04c4.17-7.286 9.37-13.531 15.62-18.735 6.24-5.204 13.53-10.408 20.81-14.572 7.29-4.163 15.62-7.286 23.94-9.367 8.33-2.082 16.66-3.123 24.98-3.123 22.9 0 40.6 4.164 53.09 11.449 13.53 7.286 22.89 16.654 29.14 27.062 6.24 10.409 10.41 21.858 12.49 34.348 2.08 12.49 2.08 22.898 2.08 33.307v172.779h-88.47V316.417v-27.061c0-9.368-1.04-16.654-4.16-23.94-3.13-7.286-7.29-12.49-13.53-16.653-6.25-4.164-15.62-6.245-27.07-6.245-8.32 0-15.61 2.081-21.85 5.204-6.25 3.122-11.45 7.286-14.58 13.531-4.16 5.204-6.24 11.449-8.32 18.735s-3.12 14.572-3.12 21.858v145.717h-88.48V176.945zM1780.88 234.19h-55.17v122.819c0 10.408 3.12 17.694 8.33 20.817 6.24 3.122 13.53 5.204 22.9 5.204 4.16 0 7.28 0 11.45-1.041h11.45v65.573c-8.33 0-15.62 1.041-23.94 2.082-8.33 1.04-16.66 1.041-23.94 1.041-18.74 0-34.35-2.082-46.84-5.205-12.49-3.122-21.86-8.326-29.14-15.612-7.29-7.286-12.49-16.654-14.58-29.144-3.12-12.49-4.16-27.062-4.16-45.797V234.19h-44.76v-57.246h44.76V94.717h88.47v82.227h55.17v57.246zM1902.66 143.639h-88.48V75.984h88.48v67.655zm-89.52 33.307h88.48v270.618h-88.48V176.946zM2024.43 334.111c1.04 18.735 6.25 33.307 16.66 44.756 10.4 11.449 24.98 16.653 43.71 16.653 10.41 0 20.82-2.081 30.19-7.286 9.36-5.204 16.65-12.49 20.81-22.898h83.27c-4.16 15.613-10.41 29.144-19.78 40.593-9.36 11.449-19.77 20.817-31.22 28.102-12.49 7.286-24.98 12.491-39.55 16.654-14.57 3.122-29.15 5.204-43.72 5.204-21.86 0-41.63-3.122-60.37-9.367-18.73-6.246-34.34-15.613-46.83-28.103-12.49-12.49-22.9-27.062-30.19-45.797-7.28-17.694-10.41-38.511-10.41-60.369 0-20.817 4.17-39.552 11.45-57.246 7.29-17.694 17.7-32.266 31.23-44.756 13.53-12.49 29.14-21.858 46.83-29.144 17.7-7.286 36.43-10.408 56.21-10.408 23.94 0 45.8 4.163 63.49 12.49 17.7 8.327 33.31 19.776 44.76 35.389 11.45 15.612 20.81 32.266 26.02 52.042 5.2 19.776 8.33 41.633 7.28 64.532h-199.84v-1.041zm110.33-49.961c-1.04-15.612-6.24-28.102-15.61-39.551-9.37-10.409-21.86-16.654-37.47-16.654s-28.1 5.204-38.51 15.613c-10.41 10.408-16.66 23.939-18.74 40.592h110.33zM2254.46 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.04c6.25-17.694 16.65-30.185 31.23-39.552 14.57-9.368 31.22-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.4c3.13 0 7.29 1.041 10.41 2.082v81.185c-6.24-2.082-11.45-3.122-16.65-4.163-5.21-1.041-11.45-1.041-16.65-1.041-11.45 0-20.82 2.082-29.15 5.204-8.32 3.123-15.61 8.327-20.81 14.572-6.25 6.245-10.41 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.13 8.326-4.17 15.612-4.17 23.939v133.228h-88.47V176.945h-1.04zM2534.45 359.091c0 7.286 1.04 12.49 4.16 17.694 3.12 5.204 6.24 9.368 10.41 12.49 4.16 3.123 9.36 5.204 14.57 7.286 6.24 2.082 11.45 2.082 17.69 2.082 4.17 0 8.33 0 13.53-2.082 5.21-1.041 9.37-3.123 13.53-5.204 4.17-2.082 7.29-5.204 10.41-9.368 3.13-4.163 4.17-8.327 4.17-13.531 0-5.204-2.09-9.367-5.21-12.49-3.12-3.122-7.28-6.245-11.45-8.327-4.16-2.081-9.36-4.163-14.57-5.204-5.2-1.041-9.37-2.081-13.53-3.122-13.53-3.123-28.1-6.245-42.67-9.368-14.58-3.122-28.11-7.286-40.6-12.49-12.49-6.245-22.9-13.531-30.18-23.939-8.33-10.409-11.45-23.94-11.45-42.675 0-16.653 4.16-30.184 11.45-40.592 8.33-10.409 17.69-18.736 30.18-24.981 12.49-6.245 26.02-10.408 40.6-13.53 14.57-3.123 28.1-4.164 41.63-4.164 14.57 0 29.14 1.041 43.71 4.164 14.58 2.081 27.07 7.285 39.56 13.53 12.49 6.245 21.85 15.613 29.14 27.062 7.29 11.45 11.45 26.021 12.49 43.716h-82.23c0-10.409-4.16-18.736-11.45-23.94-7.28-4.163-16.65-7.286-28.1-7.286-4.16 0-8.32 0-12.49 1.041-4.16 1.041-8.32 1.041-12.49 2.082-4.16 1.041-7.28 3.122-9.37 6.245-2.08 3.122-4.16 6.245-4.16 11.449 0 6.245 3.12 11.449 10.41 15.613 6.24 4.163 14.57 7.286 24.98 10.408 10.41 2.082 20.82 5.204 32.27 7.286 11.44 2.082 22.89 4.163 33.3 6.245 13.53 3.123 24.98 7.286 33.31 13.531 9.37 6.245 15.61 12.49 20.82 19.776 5.2 7.286 9.36 14.572 11.45 21.858 2.08 7.285 3.12 13.53 3.12 19.776 0 17.694-4.17 33.306-11.45 45.796-8.33 12.491-17.7 21.858-30.19 30.185-12.49 7.286-26.02 12.49-41.63 16.653-15.61 3.123-31.22 5.204-45.8 5.204-15.61 0-32.26-1.04-47.87-4.163-15.62-3.122-29.15-8.327-41.64-15.612a83.855 83.855 0 01-30.18-30.185c-8.33-12.49-12.49-28.102-12.49-46.838h84.31v-2.081z" fill="#FFFFFF" class="Ibar__logo__text"></path> <path d="M0 481.911V281.028l187.351-58.287v200.882L0 481.911z" fill="#8BC53F"></path> <path d="M187.351 423.623V222.741l126.983 87.431v200.882l-126.983-87.431z" fill="#EBD417"></path> <path d="M126.982 569.341L0 481.911l187.351-58.287 126.983 87.43-187.352 58.287z" fill="#034EA1"></path> <path d="M183.188 212.331l51.001-116.574 65.573 155.085-51.001 116.574-65.573-155.085z" fill="#712E74"></path> <path d="M248.761 367.415l51.001-116.574 171.739-28.102-49.96 115.533-172.78 29.143z" fill="#009FD1"></path> <path d="M299.762 250.842L234.189 95.757l171.739-28.103 65.573 155.085-171.739 28.103z" fill="#F6921E"></path> <path d="M187.352 222.741L59.328 198.802 44.757 71.819 172.78 95.76l14.572 126.982z" fill="#DA2128"></path> <path d="M172.78 95.758L44.757 71.818l70.777-70.776 128.023 23.94-70.777 70.776z" fill="#25BCBD"></path> <path d="M258.129 153.005l-70.777 69.736-14.571-126.982 70.777-70.778 14.571 128.024z" fill="#00844A"></path></svg></a></div> <a aria-label="Frontiers in Pediatrics" href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics" data-event="iBar-a-journalHome" class="Ibar__journalName"><div logoClass="Ibar__logo--mixed" class="Ibar__journalName__container"><div class="Ibar__journal__maskLogo" style="display:none;"><img src="" class="Ibar__journal__logo"></div> <div class="Ibar__journalName"><span>Frontiers in</span> <span> Pediatrics</span></div></div></a> <div parent-data-event="iBar" class="Ibar__dropdown Ibar__dropdown--aboutUs"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> About us </button> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title"> About us </button> <button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__close"></button></div> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__about"><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Who we are</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/mission" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Mission and values</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/history" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">History</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/leadership" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Leadership</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/awards" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Awards</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Impact and progress</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/impact" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">Frontiers' impact</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://progressreport.frontiersin.org/?utm_source=fweb&utm_medium=frep&utm_campaign=pr20" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">Progress Report 2022</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/progress-reports" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">All progress reports</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Publishing model</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/how-we-publish" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">How we publish</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/open-access" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Open access</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/fee-policy" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Fee policy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/peer-review" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Peer review</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/research-integrity" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Research integrity</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/research-topics" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Research Topics</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Services</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://publishingpartnerships.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Societies</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/open-access-agreements/consortia" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">National consortia</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/open-access-agreements" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Institutional partnerships</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/collaborators" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Collaborators</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">More from Frontiers</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://forum.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Frontiers Forum</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersplanetprize.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Frontiers Planet Prize</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://pressoffice.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Press office</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.orgabout/sustainability" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Sustainability</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://careers.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Career opportunities</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/contact" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Contact us</a></li></ul></div></div></div> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals" data-event="iBar-a-allJournals" class="Ibar__link">All journals</a><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles" data-event="iBar-a-allArticles" class="Ibar__link">All articles</a> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/submission/submit?domainid=2&fieldid=61&specialtyid=0&entitytype=2&entityid=606" data-event="iBar-a-submit" class="Ibar__button Ibar__submit">Submit your research</a> <div class="Ibar__spacer"></div> <a href="/search" aria-label="Search" data-event="iBar-a-search" class="Ibar__icon Ibar__icon--search"><span>Search</span></a>    <div class="Ibar__userArea"></div></div></div> <div class="Ibar__menu Ibar__menu--journal"><div class="Ibar__menu__header"><div class="Ibar__logo"><div class="Ibar__logo"><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/" aria-label="Frontiershome" data-event="iBar-a-home" class="Ibar__logo__link"><svg viewBox="0 0 2811 590" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="Ibar__logo__svg"><path d="M633.872 234.191h-42.674v-57.246h42.674c0-19.776 2.082-35.389 5.204-48.92 4.164-13.53 9.368-23.939 17.695-31.225 8.326-8.326 18.735-13.53 32.266-16.653 13.531-3.123 29.143-5.204 47.878-5.204h21.858c7.286 0 14.572 1.04 21.857 1.04v62.451c-8.326-1.041-16.653-2.082-23.939-2.082-10.408 0-17.694 1.041-23.939 4.164-6.245 3.122-9.368 10.408-9.368 22.898v13.531h53.083v57.246h-53.083v213.372h-89.512V234.191zM794.161 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.041c6.245-17.694 16.653-30.185 31.225-39.552 14.572-9.368 31.225-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.409c3.122 0 7.286 1.041 10.408 2.082v81.185c-6.245-2.082-11.449-3.122-16.653-4.163-5.204-1.041-11.449-1.041-16.654-1.041-11.449 0-20.816 2.082-29.143 5.204-8.327 3.123-15.613 8.327-20.817 14.572-5.204 6.245-10.408 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.123 8.326-4.163 15.612-4.163 23.939v133.228h-88.472V176.945h-1.041zM989.84 312.254c0-19.776 3.122-39.552 10.41-56.205 7.28-17.695 16.65-32.266 29.14-45.797 12.49-13.531 27.06-22.899 44.76-30.185 17.69-7.285 36.43-11.449 57.24-11.449 20.82 0 39.56 4.164 57.25 11.449 17.69 7.286 32.27 17.695 45.8 30.185 12.49 12.49 22.9 28.102 29.14 45.797 7.29 17.694 10.41 36.429 10.41 56.205 0 20.817-3.12 39.552-10.41 57.246-7.29 17.695-16.65 32.266-29.14 44.756-12.49 12.49-28.11 22.899-45.8 30.185-17.69 7.286-36.43 11.449-57.25 11.449-20.81 0-40.59-4.163-57.24-11.449-17.7-7.286-32.27-17.695-44.76-30.185-12.49-12.49-21.86-28.102-29.14-44.756-7.288-17.694-10.41-36.429-10.41-57.246zm88.47 0c0 8.327 1.04 17.694 3.12 26.021 2.09 9.368 5.21 16.653 9.37 23.939 4.16 7.286 9.37 13.531 16.65 17.695 7.29 4.163 15.62 7.285 26.03 7.285 10.4 0 18.73-2.081 26.02-7.285 7.28-4.164 12.49-10.409 16.65-17.695 4.16-7.286 7.29-15.612 9.37-23.939 2.08-9.368 3.12-17.694 3.12-26.021 0-8.327-1.04-17.694-3.12-26.021-2.08-9.368-5.21-16.653-9.37-23.939-4.16-7.286-9.37-13.531-16.65-17.695-7.29-5.204-15.62-7.285-26.02-7.285-10.41 0-18.74 2.081-26.03 7.285-7.28 5.205-12.49 10.409-16.65 17.695-4.16 7.286-7.28 15.612-9.37 23.939-2.08 9.368-3.12 17.694-3.12 26.021zM1306.25 176.945h86.39v37.47h1.04c4.17-7.286 9.37-13.531 15.62-18.735 6.24-5.204 13.53-10.408 20.81-14.572 7.29-4.163 15.62-7.286 23.94-9.367 8.33-2.082 16.66-3.123 24.98-3.123 22.9 0 40.6 4.164 53.09 11.449 13.53 7.286 22.89 16.654 29.14 27.062 6.24 10.409 10.41 21.858 12.49 34.348 2.08 12.49 2.08 22.898 2.08 33.307v172.779h-88.47V316.417v-27.061c0-9.368-1.04-16.654-4.16-23.94-3.13-7.286-7.29-12.49-13.53-16.653-6.25-4.164-15.62-6.245-27.07-6.245-8.32 0-15.61 2.081-21.85 5.204-6.25 3.122-11.45 7.286-14.58 13.531-4.16 5.204-6.24 11.449-8.32 18.735s-3.12 14.572-3.12 21.858v145.717h-88.48V176.945zM1780.88 234.19h-55.17v122.819c0 10.408 3.12 17.694 8.33 20.817 6.24 3.122 13.53 5.204 22.9 5.204 4.16 0 7.28 0 11.45-1.041h11.45v65.573c-8.33 0-15.62 1.041-23.94 2.082-8.33 1.04-16.66 1.041-23.94 1.041-18.74 0-34.35-2.082-46.84-5.205-12.49-3.122-21.86-8.326-29.14-15.612-7.29-7.286-12.49-16.654-14.58-29.144-3.12-12.49-4.16-27.062-4.16-45.797V234.19h-44.76v-57.246h44.76V94.717h88.47v82.227h55.17v57.246zM1902.66 143.639h-88.48V75.984h88.48v67.655zm-89.52 33.307h88.48v270.618h-88.48V176.946zM2024.43 334.111c1.04 18.735 6.25 33.307 16.66 44.756 10.4 11.449 24.98 16.653 43.71 16.653 10.41 0 20.82-2.081 30.19-7.286 9.36-5.204 16.65-12.49 20.81-22.898h83.27c-4.16 15.613-10.41 29.144-19.78 40.593-9.36 11.449-19.77 20.817-31.22 28.102-12.49 7.286-24.98 12.491-39.55 16.654-14.57 3.122-29.15 5.204-43.72 5.204-21.86 0-41.63-3.122-60.37-9.367-18.73-6.246-34.34-15.613-46.83-28.103-12.49-12.49-22.9-27.062-30.19-45.797-7.28-17.694-10.41-38.511-10.41-60.369 0-20.817 4.17-39.552 11.45-57.246 7.29-17.694 17.7-32.266 31.23-44.756 13.53-12.49 29.14-21.858 46.83-29.144 17.7-7.286 36.43-10.408 56.21-10.408 23.94 0 45.8 4.163 63.49 12.49 17.7 8.327 33.31 19.776 44.76 35.389 11.45 15.612 20.81 32.266 26.02 52.042 5.2 19.776 8.33 41.633 7.28 64.532h-199.84v-1.041zm110.33-49.961c-1.04-15.612-6.24-28.102-15.61-39.551-9.37-10.409-21.86-16.654-37.47-16.654s-28.1 5.204-38.51 15.613c-10.41 10.408-16.66 23.939-18.74 40.592h110.33zM2254.46 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.04c6.25-17.694 16.65-30.185 31.23-39.552 14.57-9.368 31.22-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.4c3.13 0 7.29 1.041 10.41 2.082v81.185c-6.24-2.082-11.45-3.122-16.65-4.163-5.21-1.041-11.45-1.041-16.65-1.041-11.45 0-20.82 2.082-29.15 5.204-8.32 3.123-15.61 8.327-20.81 14.572-6.25 6.245-10.41 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.13 8.326-4.17 15.612-4.17 23.939v133.228h-88.47V176.945h-1.04zM2534.45 359.091c0 7.286 1.04 12.49 4.16 17.694 3.12 5.204 6.24 9.368 10.41 12.49 4.16 3.123 9.36 5.204 14.57 7.286 6.24 2.082 11.45 2.082 17.69 2.082 4.17 0 8.33 0 13.53-2.082 5.21-1.041 9.37-3.123 13.53-5.204 4.17-2.082 7.29-5.204 10.41-9.368 3.13-4.163 4.17-8.327 4.17-13.531 0-5.204-2.09-9.367-5.21-12.49-3.12-3.122-7.28-6.245-11.45-8.327-4.16-2.081-9.36-4.163-14.57-5.204-5.2-1.041-9.37-2.081-13.53-3.122-13.53-3.123-28.1-6.245-42.67-9.368-14.58-3.122-28.11-7.286-40.6-12.49-12.49-6.245-22.9-13.531-30.18-23.939-8.33-10.409-11.45-23.94-11.45-42.675 0-16.653 4.16-30.184 11.45-40.592 8.33-10.409 17.69-18.736 30.18-24.981 12.49-6.245 26.02-10.408 40.6-13.53 14.57-3.123 28.1-4.164 41.63-4.164 14.57 0 29.14 1.041 43.71 4.164 14.58 2.081 27.07 7.285 39.56 13.53 12.49 6.245 21.85 15.613 29.14 27.062 7.29 11.45 11.45 26.021 12.49 43.716h-82.23c0-10.409-4.16-18.736-11.45-23.94-7.28-4.163-16.65-7.286-28.1-7.286-4.16 0-8.32 0-12.49 1.041-4.16 1.041-8.32 1.041-12.49 2.082-4.16 1.041-7.28 3.122-9.37 6.245-2.08 3.122-4.16 6.245-4.16 11.449 0 6.245 3.12 11.449 10.41 15.613 6.24 4.163 14.57 7.286 24.98 10.408 10.41 2.082 20.82 5.204 32.27 7.286 11.44 2.082 22.89 4.163 33.3 6.245 13.53 3.123 24.98 7.286 33.31 13.531 9.37 6.245 15.61 12.49 20.82 19.776 5.2 7.286 9.36 14.572 11.45 21.858 2.08 7.285 3.12 13.53 3.12 19.776 0 17.694-4.17 33.306-11.45 45.796-8.33 12.491-17.7 21.858-30.19 30.185-12.49 7.286-26.02 12.49-41.63 16.653-15.61 3.123-31.22 5.204-45.8 5.204-15.61 0-32.26-1.04-47.87-4.163-15.62-3.122-29.15-8.327-41.64-15.612a83.855 83.855 0 01-30.18-30.185c-8.33-12.49-12.49-28.102-12.49-46.838h84.31v-2.081z" fill="#FFFFFF" class="Ibar__logo__text"></path> <path d="M0 481.911V281.028l187.351-58.287v200.882L0 481.911z" fill="#8BC53F"></path> <path d="M187.351 423.623V222.741l126.983 87.431v200.882l-126.983-87.431z" fill="#EBD417"></path> <path d="M126.982 569.341L0 481.911l187.351-58.287 126.983 87.43-187.352 58.287z" fill="#034EA1"></path> <path d="M183.188 212.331l51.001-116.574 65.573 155.085-51.001 116.574-65.573-155.085z" fill="#712E74"></path> <path d="M248.761 367.415l51.001-116.574 171.739-28.102-49.96 115.533-172.78 29.143z" fill="#009FD1"></path> <path d="M299.762 250.842L234.189 95.757l171.739-28.103 65.573 155.085-171.739 28.103z" fill="#F6921E"></path> <path d="M187.352 222.741L59.328 198.802 44.757 71.819 172.78 95.76l14.572 126.982z" fill="#DA2128"></path> <path d="M172.78 95.758L44.757 71.818l70.777-70.776 128.023 23.94-70.777 70.776z" fill="#25BCBD"></path> <path d="M258.129 153.005l-70.777 69.736-14.571-126.982 70.777-70.778 14.571 128.024z" fill="#00844A"></path></svg></a></div></div> <button aria-label="Close Menu" data-event="iBarMenu-btn-closeMenu" class="Ibar__close"></button></div> <div class="Ibar__menu__wrapper"><div class="Ibar__menu__journal"><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics" data-event="iBarMenu-a-journalHome"><div class="Ibar__journalName__container"><div class="Ibar__journal__maskLogo" style="display:none;"><img src="" class="Ibar__journal__logo"></div> <div class="Ibar__journalName"><span>Frontiers in</span> <span> Pediatrics</span></div></div></a> <div parent-data-event="iBarMenu" class="Ibar__dropdown"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> Sections </button> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title"> Sections </button> <button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__close"></button></div> <ul class="Ibar__dropdown__sections"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/children-and-health" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_621">Children and Health</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/general-pediatrics-and-pediatric-emergency-care" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1273">General Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency Care</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/genetics-of-common-and-rare-diseases" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_635">Genetics of Common and Rare Diseases</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/neonatology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_634">Neonatology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/obstetric-and-pediatric-pharmacology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_196">Obstetric and Pediatric Pharmacology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-cardiology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_613">Pediatric Cardiology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-critical-care" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_641">Pediatric Critical Care</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-endocrinology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_124">Pediatric Endocrinology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_642">Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-hematology-and-hematological-malignancies" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1280">Pediatric Hematology and Hematological Malignancies</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-immunology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_791">Pediatric Immunology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-infectious-diseases" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_710">Pediatric Infectious Diseases</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-nephrology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_643">Pediatric Nephrology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-neurology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_161">Pediatric Neurology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-obesity" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_2604">Pediatric Obesity</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-occupational-therapy" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_2614">Pediatric Occupational Therapy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-oncology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_509">Pediatric Oncology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-orthopedics" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1044">Pediatric Orthopedics</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-otolaryngology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_647">Pediatric Otolaryngology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-pulmonology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_682">Pediatric Pulmonology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-rheumatology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1750">Pediatric Rheumatology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-surgery" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_622">Pediatric Surgery</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-urology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_684">Pediatric Urology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/social-pediatrics" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_3397">Social Pediatrics</a></li></ul></div></div> <a href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles" data-event="iBar-a-articles" class="Ibar__link">Articles</a><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/research-topics" data-event="iBar-a-researchTopics" class="Ibar__link">Research Topics</a><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/editors" data-event="iBar-a-editorialBoard" class="Ibar__link">Editorial board</a> <div parent-data-event="iBarMenu" class="Ibar__dropdown"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> About journal </button> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title"> About journal </button> <button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__close"></button></div> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__about"><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Scope</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/about#about-editors" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Field chief editors</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/about#about-scope" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Mission & scope</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/about#about-facts" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Facts</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/about#about-submission" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Journal sections</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/about#about-open" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Open access statement</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/about#copyright-statement" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Copyright statement</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/about#about-quality" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Quality</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">For authors</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/for-authors/why-submit" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Why submit?</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/for-authors/article-types" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Article types</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/for-authors/author-guidelines" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Author guidelines</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/for-authors/editor-guidelines" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Editor guidelines</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/for-authors/publishing-fees" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Publishing fees</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/for-authors/submission-checklist" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Submission checklist</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/for-authors/contact-editorial-office" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Contact editorial office</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div> <div parent-data-event="iBarMenu" class="Ibar__dropdown Ibar__dropdown--aboutUs"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> About us </button> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title"> About us </button> <button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__close"></button></div> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__about"><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Who we are</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/mission" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Mission and values</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/history" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">History</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/leadership" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Leadership</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/awards" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Awards</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Impact and progress</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/impact" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">Frontiers' impact</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://progressreport.frontiersin.org/?utm_source=fweb&utm_medium=frep&utm_campaign=pr20" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">Progress Report 2022</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/progress-reports" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">All progress reports</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Publishing model</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/how-we-publish" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">How we publish</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/open-access" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Open access</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/fee-policy" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Fee policy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/peer-review" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Peer review</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/research-integrity" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Research integrity</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/research-topics" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Research Topics</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Services</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://publishingpartnerships.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Societies</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/open-access-agreements/consortia" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">National consortia</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/open-access-agreements" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Institutional partnerships</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/collaborators" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Collaborators</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">More from Frontiers</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://forum.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Frontiers Forum</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersplanetprize.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Frontiers Planet Prize</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://pressoffice.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Press office</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.orgabout/sustainability" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Sustainability</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://careers.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Career opportunities</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/contact" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Contact us</a></li></ul></div></div></div> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals" data-event="iBar-a-allJournals" class="Ibar__link">All journals</a><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles" data-event="iBar-a-allArticles" class="Ibar__link">All articles</a>    <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/submission/submit?domainid=2&fieldid=61&specialtyid=0&entitytype=2&entityid=606" data-event="iBarMenu-a-submit" class="Ibar__button Ibar__submit">Submit your research</a></div></div> <div class="Ibar__journal"><div class="Ibar__wrapper Ibar__wrapper--journal"><a aria-label="Frontiers in Pediatrics" href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics" data-event="iBarJournal-a-journalHome" class="Ibar__journalName"><div class="Ibar__journalName__container"><div class="Ibar__journal__maskLogo" style="display:none;"><img src="" class="Ibar__journal__logo"></div> <div class="Ibar__journalName"><span>Frontiers in</span> <span> Pediatrics</span></div></div></a> <div parent-data-event="iBarJournal" class="Ibar__dropdown"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> Sections </button> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title"> Sections </button> <button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__close"></button></div> <ul class="Ibar__dropdown__sections"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/children-and-health" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_621">Children and Health</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/general-pediatrics-and-pediatric-emergency-care" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1273">General Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency Care</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/genetics-of-common-and-rare-diseases" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_635">Genetics of Common and Rare Diseases</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/neonatology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_634">Neonatology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/obstetric-and-pediatric-pharmacology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_196">Obstetric and Pediatric Pharmacology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-cardiology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_613">Pediatric Cardiology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-critical-care" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_641">Pediatric Critical Care</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-endocrinology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_124">Pediatric Endocrinology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_642">Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-hematology-and-hematological-malignancies" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1280">Pediatric Hematology and Hematological Malignancies</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-immunology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_791">Pediatric Immunology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-infectious-diseases" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_710">Pediatric Infectious Diseases</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-nephrology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_643">Pediatric Nephrology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-neurology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_161">Pediatric Neurology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-obesity" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_2604">Pediatric Obesity</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-occupational-therapy" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_2614">Pediatric Occupational Therapy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-oncology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_509">Pediatric Oncology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-orthopedics" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1044">Pediatric Orthopedics</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-otolaryngology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_647">Pediatric Otolaryngology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-pulmonology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_682">Pediatric Pulmonology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-rheumatology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1750">Pediatric Rheumatology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-surgery" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_622">Pediatric Surgery</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-urology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_684">Pediatric Urology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/social-pediatrics" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_3397">Social Pediatrics</a></li></ul></div></div> <a href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles" data-event="iBar-a-articles" class="Ibar__link">Articles</a><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/research-topics" data-event="iBar-a-researchTopics" class="Ibar__link">Research Topics</a><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/editors" data-event="iBar-a-editorialBoard" class="Ibar__link">Editorial board</a> <div parent-data-event="iBarJournal" class="Ibar__dropdown"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> About journal </button> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title"> About journal </button> <button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__close"></button></div> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__about"><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Scope</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/about#about-editors" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Field chief editors</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/about#about-scope" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Mission & scope</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/about#about-facts" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Facts</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/about#about-submission" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Journal sections</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/about#about-open" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Open access statement</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/about#copyright-statement" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Copyright statement</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/about#about-quality" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Quality</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">For authors</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/for-authors/why-submit" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Why submit?</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/for-authors/article-types" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Article types</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/for-authors/author-guidelines" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Author guidelines</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/for-authors/editor-guidelines" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Editor guidelines</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/for-authors/publishing-fees" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Publishing fees</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/for-authors/submission-checklist" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Submission checklist</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/for-authors/contact-editorial-office" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Contact editorial office</a></li></ul></div></div></div> <div class="Ibar__spacer"></div></div></div> <div class="Ibar__journal Ibar__journal--mix"><div class="Ibar__wrapper Ibar__wrapper--journal"><div class="Ibar__logo"><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/" aria-label="Frontiershome" data-event="iBar-a-home" class="Ibar__logo__link"><svg viewBox="0 0 2811 590" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="Ibar__logo__svg"><path d="M633.872 234.191h-42.674v-57.246h42.674c0-19.776 2.082-35.389 5.204-48.92 4.164-13.53 9.368-23.939 17.695-31.225 8.326-8.326 18.735-13.53 32.266-16.653 13.531-3.123 29.143-5.204 47.878-5.204h21.858c7.286 0 14.572 1.04 21.857 1.04v62.451c-8.326-1.041-16.653-2.082-23.939-2.082-10.408 0-17.694 1.041-23.939 4.164-6.245 3.122-9.368 10.408-9.368 22.898v13.531h53.083v57.246h-53.083v213.372h-89.512V234.191zM794.161 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.041c6.245-17.694 16.653-30.185 31.225-39.552 14.572-9.368 31.225-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.409c3.122 0 7.286 1.041 10.408 2.082v81.185c-6.245-2.082-11.449-3.122-16.653-4.163-5.204-1.041-11.449-1.041-16.654-1.041-11.449 0-20.816 2.082-29.143 5.204-8.327 3.123-15.613 8.327-20.817 14.572-5.204 6.245-10.408 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.123 8.326-4.163 15.612-4.163 23.939v133.228h-88.472V176.945h-1.041zM989.84 312.254c0-19.776 3.122-39.552 10.41-56.205 7.28-17.695 16.65-32.266 29.14-45.797 12.49-13.531 27.06-22.899 44.76-30.185 17.69-7.285 36.43-11.449 57.24-11.449 20.82 0 39.56 4.164 57.25 11.449 17.69 7.286 32.27 17.695 45.8 30.185 12.49 12.49 22.9 28.102 29.14 45.797 7.29 17.694 10.41 36.429 10.41 56.205 0 20.817-3.12 39.552-10.41 57.246-7.29 17.695-16.65 32.266-29.14 44.756-12.49 12.49-28.11 22.899-45.8 30.185-17.69 7.286-36.43 11.449-57.25 11.449-20.81 0-40.59-4.163-57.24-11.449-17.7-7.286-32.27-17.695-44.76-30.185-12.49-12.49-21.86-28.102-29.14-44.756-7.288-17.694-10.41-36.429-10.41-57.246zm88.47 0c0 8.327 1.04 17.694 3.12 26.021 2.09 9.368 5.21 16.653 9.37 23.939 4.16 7.286 9.37 13.531 16.65 17.695 7.29 4.163 15.62 7.285 26.03 7.285 10.4 0 18.73-2.081 26.02-7.285 7.28-4.164 12.49-10.409 16.65-17.695 4.16-7.286 7.29-15.612 9.37-23.939 2.08-9.368 3.12-17.694 3.12-26.021 0-8.327-1.04-17.694-3.12-26.021-2.08-9.368-5.21-16.653-9.37-23.939-4.16-7.286-9.37-13.531-16.65-17.695-7.29-5.204-15.62-7.285-26.02-7.285-10.41 0-18.74 2.081-26.03 7.285-7.28 5.205-12.49 10.409-16.65 17.695-4.16 7.286-7.28 15.612-9.37 23.939-2.08 9.368-3.12 17.694-3.12 26.021zM1306.25 176.945h86.39v37.47h1.04c4.17-7.286 9.37-13.531 15.62-18.735 6.24-5.204 13.53-10.408 20.81-14.572 7.29-4.163 15.62-7.286 23.94-9.367 8.33-2.082 16.66-3.123 24.98-3.123 22.9 0 40.6 4.164 53.09 11.449 13.53 7.286 22.89 16.654 29.14 27.062 6.24 10.409 10.41 21.858 12.49 34.348 2.08 12.49 2.08 22.898 2.08 33.307v172.779h-88.47V316.417v-27.061c0-9.368-1.04-16.654-4.16-23.94-3.13-7.286-7.29-12.49-13.53-16.653-6.25-4.164-15.62-6.245-27.07-6.245-8.32 0-15.61 2.081-21.85 5.204-6.25 3.122-11.45 7.286-14.58 13.531-4.16 5.204-6.24 11.449-8.32 18.735s-3.12 14.572-3.12 21.858v145.717h-88.48V176.945zM1780.88 234.19h-55.17v122.819c0 10.408 3.12 17.694 8.33 20.817 6.24 3.122 13.53 5.204 22.9 5.204 4.16 0 7.28 0 11.45-1.041h11.45v65.573c-8.33 0-15.62 1.041-23.94 2.082-8.33 1.04-16.66 1.041-23.94 1.041-18.74 0-34.35-2.082-46.84-5.205-12.49-3.122-21.86-8.326-29.14-15.612-7.29-7.286-12.49-16.654-14.58-29.144-3.12-12.49-4.16-27.062-4.16-45.797V234.19h-44.76v-57.246h44.76V94.717h88.47v82.227h55.17v57.246zM1902.66 143.639h-88.48V75.984h88.48v67.655zm-89.52 33.307h88.48v270.618h-88.48V176.946zM2024.43 334.111c1.04 18.735 6.25 33.307 16.66 44.756 10.4 11.449 24.98 16.653 43.71 16.653 10.41 0 20.82-2.081 30.19-7.286 9.36-5.204 16.65-12.49 20.81-22.898h83.27c-4.16 15.613-10.41 29.144-19.78 40.593-9.36 11.449-19.77 20.817-31.22 28.102-12.49 7.286-24.98 12.491-39.55 16.654-14.57 3.122-29.15 5.204-43.72 5.204-21.86 0-41.63-3.122-60.37-9.367-18.73-6.246-34.34-15.613-46.83-28.103-12.49-12.49-22.9-27.062-30.19-45.797-7.28-17.694-10.41-38.511-10.41-60.369 0-20.817 4.17-39.552 11.45-57.246 7.29-17.694 17.7-32.266 31.23-44.756 13.53-12.49 29.14-21.858 46.83-29.144 17.7-7.286 36.43-10.408 56.21-10.408 23.94 0 45.8 4.163 63.49 12.49 17.7 8.327 33.31 19.776 44.76 35.389 11.45 15.612 20.81 32.266 26.02 52.042 5.2 19.776 8.33 41.633 7.28 64.532h-199.84v-1.041zm110.33-49.961c-1.04-15.612-6.24-28.102-15.61-39.551-9.37-10.409-21.86-16.654-37.47-16.654s-28.1 5.204-38.51 15.613c-10.41 10.408-16.66 23.939-18.74 40.592h110.33zM2254.46 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.04c6.25-17.694 16.65-30.185 31.23-39.552 14.57-9.368 31.22-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.4c3.13 0 7.29 1.041 10.41 2.082v81.185c-6.24-2.082-11.45-3.122-16.65-4.163-5.21-1.041-11.45-1.041-16.65-1.041-11.45 0-20.82 2.082-29.15 5.204-8.32 3.123-15.61 8.327-20.81 14.572-6.25 6.245-10.41 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.13 8.326-4.17 15.612-4.17 23.939v133.228h-88.47V176.945h-1.04zM2534.45 359.091c0 7.286 1.04 12.49 4.16 17.694 3.12 5.204 6.24 9.368 10.41 12.49 4.16 3.123 9.36 5.204 14.57 7.286 6.24 2.082 11.45 2.082 17.69 2.082 4.17 0 8.33 0 13.53-2.082 5.21-1.041 9.37-3.123 13.53-5.204 4.17-2.082 7.29-5.204 10.41-9.368 3.13-4.163 4.17-8.327 4.17-13.531 0-5.204-2.09-9.367-5.21-12.49-3.12-3.122-7.28-6.245-11.45-8.327-4.16-2.081-9.36-4.163-14.57-5.204-5.2-1.041-9.37-2.081-13.53-3.122-13.53-3.123-28.1-6.245-42.67-9.368-14.58-3.122-28.11-7.286-40.6-12.49-12.49-6.245-22.9-13.531-30.18-23.939-8.33-10.409-11.45-23.94-11.45-42.675 0-16.653 4.16-30.184 11.45-40.592 8.33-10.409 17.69-18.736 30.18-24.981 12.49-6.245 26.02-10.408 40.6-13.53 14.57-3.123 28.1-4.164 41.63-4.164 14.57 0 29.14 1.041 43.71 4.164 14.58 2.081 27.07 7.285 39.56 13.53 12.49 6.245 21.85 15.613 29.14 27.062 7.29 11.45 11.45 26.021 12.49 43.716h-82.23c0-10.409-4.16-18.736-11.45-23.94-7.28-4.163-16.65-7.286-28.1-7.286-4.16 0-8.32 0-12.49 1.041-4.16 1.041-8.32 1.041-12.49 2.082-4.16 1.041-7.28 3.122-9.37 6.245-2.08 3.122-4.16 6.245-4.16 11.449 0 6.245 3.12 11.449 10.41 15.613 6.24 4.163 14.57 7.286 24.98 10.408 10.41 2.082 20.82 5.204 32.27 7.286 11.44 2.082 22.89 4.163 33.3 6.245 13.53 3.123 24.98 7.286 33.31 13.531 9.37 6.245 15.61 12.49 20.82 19.776 5.2 7.286 9.36 14.572 11.45 21.858 2.08 7.285 3.12 13.53 3.12 19.776 0 17.694-4.17 33.306-11.45 45.796-8.33 12.491-17.7 21.858-30.19 30.185-12.49 7.286-26.02 12.49-41.63 16.653-15.61 3.123-31.22 5.204-45.8 5.204-15.61 0-32.26-1.04-47.87-4.163-15.62-3.122-29.15-8.327-41.64-15.612a83.855 83.855 0 01-30.18-30.185c-8.33-12.49-12.49-28.102-12.49-46.838h84.31v-2.081z" fill="#FFFFFF" class="Ibar__logo__text"></path> <path d="M0 481.911V281.028l187.351-58.287v200.882L0 481.911z" fill="#8BC53F"></path> <path d="M187.351 423.623V222.741l126.983 87.431v200.882l-126.983-87.431z" fill="#EBD417"></path> <path d="M126.982 569.341L0 481.911l187.351-58.287 126.983 87.43-187.352 58.287z" fill="#034EA1"></path> <path d="M183.188 212.331l51.001-116.574 65.573 155.085-51.001 116.574-65.573-155.085z" fill="#712E74"></path> <path d="M248.761 367.415l51.001-116.574 171.739-28.102-49.96 115.533-172.78 29.143z" fill="#009FD1"></path> <path d="M299.762 250.842L234.189 95.757l171.739-28.103 65.573 155.085-171.739 28.103z" fill="#F6921E"></path> <path d="M187.352 222.741L59.328 198.802 44.757 71.819 172.78 95.76l14.572 126.982z" fill="#DA2128"></path> <path d="M172.78 95.758L44.757 71.818l70.777-70.776 128.023 23.94-70.777 70.776z" fill="#25BCBD"></path> <path d="M258.129 153.005l-70.777 69.736-14.571-126.982 70.777-70.778 14.571 128.024z" fill="#00844A"></path></svg></a></div> <a aria-label="Frontiers in Pediatrics" href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics" data-event="iBarJournal-a-journalHome" class="Ibar__journalName"><div logoClass="Ibar__logo--mixed" class="Ibar__journalName__container"><div class="Ibar__journal__maskLogo" style="display:none;"><img src="" class="Ibar__journal__logo"></div> <div class="Ibar__journalName"><span>Frontiers in</span> <span> Pediatrics</span></div></div></a> <div class="Ibar__spacer"></div> <div parent-data-event="iBarJournal" class="Ibar__dropdown"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> Sections </button> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title"> Sections </button> <button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__close"></button></div> <ul class="Ibar__dropdown__sections"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/children-and-health" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_621">Children and Health</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/general-pediatrics-and-pediatric-emergency-care" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1273">General Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency Care</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/genetics-of-common-and-rare-diseases" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_635">Genetics of Common and Rare Diseases</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/neonatology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_634">Neonatology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/obstetric-and-pediatric-pharmacology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_196">Obstetric and Pediatric Pharmacology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-cardiology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_613">Pediatric Cardiology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-critical-care" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_641">Pediatric Critical Care</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-endocrinology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_124">Pediatric Endocrinology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_642">Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-hematology-and-hematological-malignancies" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1280">Pediatric Hematology and Hematological Malignancies</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-immunology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_791">Pediatric Immunology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-infectious-diseases" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_710">Pediatric Infectious Diseases</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-nephrology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_643">Pediatric Nephrology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-neurology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_161">Pediatric Neurology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-obesity" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_2604">Pediatric Obesity</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-occupational-therapy" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_2614">Pediatric Occupational Therapy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-oncology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_509">Pediatric Oncology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-orthopedics" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1044">Pediatric Orthopedics</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-otolaryngology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_647">Pediatric Otolaryngology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-pulmonology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_682">Pediatric Pulmonology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-rheumatology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1750">Pediatric Rheumatology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-surgery" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_622">Pediatric Surgery</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/pediatric-urology" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_684">Pediatric Urology</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/pediatrics/sections/social-pediatrics" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_3397">Social Pediatrics</a></li></ul></div></div> <a href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles" data-event="iBar-a-articles" class="Ibar__link">Articles</a><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/research-topics" data-event="iBar-a-researchTopics" class="Ibar__link">Research Topics</a><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/editors" data-event="iBar-a-editorialBoard" class="Ibar__link">Editorial board</a> <div parent-data-event="iBarJournal" class="Ibar__dropdown"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> About journal </button> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title"> About journal </button> <button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__close"></button></div> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__about"><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Scope</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/about#about-editors" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Field chief editors</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/about#about-scope" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Mission & scope</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/about#about-facts" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Facts</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/about#about-submission" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Journal sections</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/about#about-open" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Open access statement</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/about#copyright-statement" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Copyright statement</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/about#about-quality" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Quality</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">For authors</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/for-authors/why-submit" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Why submit?</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/for-authors/article-types" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Article types</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/for-authors/author-guidelines" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Author guidelines</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/for-authors/editor-guidelines" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Editor guidelines</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/for-authors/publishing-fees" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Publishing fees</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/for-authors/submission-checklist" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Submission checklist</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/for-authors/contact-editorial-office" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Contact editorial office</a></li></ul></div></div></div> <div class="Ibar__spacer"></div> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/submission/submit?domainid=2&fieldid=61&specialtyid=0&entitytype=2&entityid=606" data-event="iBarJournal-a-submit" class="Ibar__button Ibar__submit"><span>Submit</span> <span> your research</span></a> <a href="/search" aria-label="Search" data-event="iBar-a-search" class="Ibar__icon Ibar__icon--search"><span>Search</span></a>    <div class="Ibar__userArea"></div></div></div></nav> <div class="ArticlePage"><div><div class="Layout Layout--withAside Layout--withIbarMix ArticleDetails"> <aside class="Layout__aside"><div class="ArticleDetails__wrapper"><div class="ArticleDetails__aside"><div class="ArticleDetails__aside__responsiveButtons"><div id="FloatingButtonsEl" class="ActionsDropDown"><button aria-label="Open dropdown" data-event="actionsDropDown-button-toggle" class="ActionsDropDown__button ActionsDropDown__button--type ActionsDropDown__button--icon"><span class="ActionsDropDown__button__label">Download article</span></button> <div class="ActionsDropDown__menuWrapper"> <ul class="ActionsDropDown__menu"><li><a href="/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-pdf" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> Download PDF </a></li><li><a href="http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-readCube" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> ReadCube </a></li><li><a href="/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/epub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-epub" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> EPUB </a></li><li><a href="/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/xml/nlm" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-nlmXml" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> XML (NLM) </a></li></ul> <button aria-label="Close modal" data-event="actionsDropDown-button-close" class="ActionsDropDown__mobileClose"></button></div></div> <div class="ArticleDetails__aside__responsiveButtons__items"> <div class="ArticleDetailsShare__responsive"><button aria-label="Open share options" class="ArticleDetailsShare__trigger"></button> <div class="ArticleDetailsShare"><h5 class="ArticleDetailsShare__title">Share on</h5> <ul class="ArticleDetailsShare__list"><li class="ArticleDetailsShare__item"><a href="https://www.twitter.com/share?url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/full" target="_blank" title="Share on X" aria-label="Share on X" class="ArticleDetailsShare__link ArticleDetailsShare__link--x"></a></li><li class="ArticleDetailsShare__item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/share?url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/full" target="_blank" title="Share on Linkedin" aria-label="Share on Linkedin" class="ArticleDetailsShare__link ArticleDetailsShare__link--linkedin"></a></li><li class="ArticleDetailsShare__item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/full" target="_blank" title="Share on Facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" class="ArticleDetailsShare__link ArticleDetailsShare__link--facebook"></a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="ActionsDropDown"><button aria-label="Open dropdown" data-event="actionsDropDown-button-toggle" class="ActionsDropDown__button ActionsDropDown__button--typeIconButton ActionsDropDown__button--iconQuote"></button> <div class="ActionsDropDown__menuWrapper"><div class="ActionsDropDown__mobileTitle"> Export citation </div> <ul class="ActionsDropDown__menu"><li><a href="/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/endNote" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-endNote" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> EndNote </a></li><li><a href="/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/reference" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-referenceManager" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> Reference Manager </a></li><li><a href="/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/text" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-simpleTextFile" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> Simple Text file </a></li><li><a href="/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/bibTex" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-bibTex" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> BibTex </a></li></ul> <button aria-label="Close modal" data-event="actionsDropDown-button-close" class="ActionsDropDown__mobileClose"></button></div></div></div></div> <div class="TotalViews"><div class="TotalViews__data"><div class="TotalViews__data__metrics"><div class="TotalViews__data__metrics__number"> 2,3K </div> <div class="TotalViews__data__metrics__text"><div class="TotalViews__data__metrics__label">Total views</div></div></div> <div class="TotalViews__data__metrics"><div class="TotalViews__data__metrics__number"> 891 </div> <div class="TotalViews__data__metrics__text"><div class="TotalViews__data__metrics__label">Downloads</div></div></div> <div class="TotalViews__data__metrics"><div class="TotalViews__data__metrics__number"> 20 </div> <div class="TotalViews__data__metrics__text"><div class="TotalViews__data__metrics__label">Citations</div></div></div> <div class="ImpactMetricsInfoPopover"><button aria-label="Open impact metrics info" class="ImpactMetricsInfoPopover__button"></button> <div class="ImpactMetricsInfoPopover__tooltip"><button aria-label="Close impact metrics info" class="ImpactMetricsInfoPopover__tooltip__closeButton"></button> <div class="ImpactMetricsInfoPopover__tooltip__text"> Citation numbers are available from Dimensions </div></div></div></div> <div class="TotalViews__viewImpactLink"><span class="Link__wrapper"><a aria-label="View article impact" href="http://loop-impact.frontiersin.org/impact/article/559520#totalviews/views" target="_blank" data-event="customLink-link-a_viewArticleImpact" class="Link Link--linkType Link--maincolor Link--medium Link--icon Link--chevronRight Link--right"><span>View article impact</span></a></span></div> <div class="TotalViews__altmetric"><div data-badge-popover="bottom" data-badge-type="donut" data-doi="10.3389/fped.2020.00547" data-condensed="true" data-link-target="new" class="altmetric-embed"></div> <span class="Link__wrapper"><a aria-label="View altmetric score" href="https://www.altmetric.com/details/doi/10.3389/fped.2020.00547" target="_blank" data-event="customLink-link-a_viewAltmetricScore" class="Link Link--linkType Link--maincolor Link--medium Link--icon Link--chevronRight Link--right"><span>View altmetric score</span></a></span></div></div> <div class="ArticleDetailsShare"><h5 class="ArticleDetailsShare__title">Share on</h5> <ul class="ArticleDetailsShare__list"><li class="ArticleDetailsShare__item"><a href="https://www.twitter.com/share?url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/full" target="_blank" title="Share on X" aria-label="Share on X" class="ArticleDetailsShare__link ArticleDetailsShare__link--x"></a></li><li class="ArticleDetailsShare__item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/share?url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/full" target="_blank" title="Share on Linkedin" aria-label="Share on Linkedin" class="ArticleDetailsShare__link ArticleDetailsShare__link--linkedin"></a></li><li class="ArticleDetailsShare__item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/full" target="_blank" title="Share on Facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" class="ArticleDetailsShare__link ArticleDetailsShare__link--facebook"></a></li></ul></div> <div class="ArticleDetailsEditors"><div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__editors"><div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__title">Edited by</div> <a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/525142/overview" data-event="editorInfo-a-valerianeLeroy" class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo"><figure class="Avatar Avatar--size-32"><img src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/525142/32" alt="Valeriane Leroy" class="Avatar__img is-inside-mask"></figure> <div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo__info"><div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo__name"> Valeriane Leroy </div> <div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo__affiliation"> Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), France </div></div></a></div></div> <div class="ArticleDetailsEditors"><div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__editors"><div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__title">Reviewed by</div> <a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/435709/overview" data-event="editorInfo-a-guillermoSoza" class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo"><figure class="Avatar Avatar--size-32"><img src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/435709/32" alt="Guillermo Soza" class="Avatar__img is-inside-mask"></figure> <div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo__info"><div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo__name"> Guillermo Soza </div> <div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo__affiliation"> University of La Frontera, Chile </div></div></a><a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/736410/overview" data-event="editorInfo-a-tatjanaVilibicCavlek" class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo"><figure class="Avatar Avatar--size-32"><img src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/736410/32" alt="Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek" class="Avatar__img is-inside-mask"></figure> <div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo__info"><div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo__name"> Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek </div> <div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo__affiliation"> Croatian Institute of Public Health, Croatia </div></div></a></div></div> <div class="ArticleDetailsGlossary ArticleDetailsGlossary--open"><button class="ArticleDetailsGlossary__header"><div class="ArticleDetailsGlossary__header__title">Table of contents</div> <div class="ArticleDetailsGlossary__header__arrow"></div></button> <div class="ArticleDetailsGlossary__content"><ul class="flyoutJournal"> <li><a href="#h1">Abstract</a></li> <li><a href="#h2">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="#h3">Methods</a></li> <li><a href="#h4">Results</a></li> <li><a href="#h5">Discussion</a></li> <li><a href="#h6">Data Availability Statement</a></li> <li><a href="#h7">Ethics Statement</a></li> <li><a href="#h8">Author Contributions</a></li> <li><a href="#h9">Funding</a></li> <li><a href="#h10">Conflict of Interest</a></li> <li><a href="#h11">References</a></li> </ul></div></div>  <div class="ActionsDropDown"><button aria-label="Open dropdown" data-event="actionsDropDown-button-toggle" class="ActionsDropDown__button ActionsDropDown__button--typeOutline ActionsDropDown__button--iconQuote"><span class="ActionsDropDown__button__label">Export citation</span></button> <div class="ActionsDropDown__menuWrapper"> <ul class="ActionsDropDown__menu"><li><a href="/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/endNote" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-endNote" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> EndNote </a></li><li><a href="/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/reference" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-referenceManager" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> Reference Manager </a></li><li><a href="/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/text" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-simpleTextFile" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> Simple Text file </a></li><li><a href="/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/bibTex" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-bibTex" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> BibTex </a></li></ul> <button aria-label="Close modal" data-event="actionsDropDown-button-close" class="ActionsDropDown__mobileClose"></button></div></div> <div class="CheckForUpdates"><button data-target="crossmark" data-event="checkForUpdates-btn-openModal" class="CheckForUpdates__link"><img src="/article-pages/_nuxt/img/crossmark.5c8ec60.svg" alt="Crossmark icon" class="CheckForUpdates__link__img"> <div class="CheckForUpdates__link__text">Check for updates</div></button></div>  </div>  <div><div class="FloatingButtons"> <div class="ActionsDropDown"><button aria-label="Open dropdown" data-event="actionsDropDown-button-toggle" class="ActionsDropDown__button ActionsDropDown__button--type ActionsDropDown__button--iconDownload"><span class="ActionsDropDown__button__label">Download article</span></button> <div class="ActionsDropDown__menuWrapper"><div class="ActionsDropDown__mobileTitle"> Download </div> <ul class="ActionsDropDown__menu"><li><a href="/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-pdf" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> Download PDF </a></li><li><a href="http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-readCube" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> ReadCube </a></li><li><a href="/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/epub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-epub" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> EPUB </a></li><li><a href="/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2020.00547/xml/nlm" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-nlmXml" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> XML (NLM) </a></li></ul> <button aria-label="Close modal" data-event="actionsDropDown-button-close" class="ActionsDropDown__mobileClose"></button></div></div></div> </div></div></aside> <main class="Layout__main"> <section class="ArticleDetails__main"><div class="ArticleLayoutHeader"><div class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info"><h2 class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__title">BRIEF RESEARCH REPORT article</h2> <div class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__journalDate"><span>Front. Pediatr.</span><span>, 11 September 2020</span></div> <div class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__journalDate"> Sec. Pediatric Infectious Diseases </div> <div class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__doiVolume"><span> Volume 8 - 2020 | </span> <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00547" class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__doi"> https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00547 </a></div> </div>  <div class="ArticleLayoutHeader__isPartOfRT"><span class="ArticleLayoutHeader__isPartOfRT__label">This article is part of the Research Topic</span> <span class="ArticleLayoutHeader__isPartOfRT__title">Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Clinical Management and Public Health Response</span> <span class="Link__wrapper"><a aria-label="View all 400 articles" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/13377/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-pathophysiology-epidemiology-clinical-management-and-public-health-response/magazine" target="_self" data-event="customLink-link-a_viewAll400Articles" class="Link Link--linkType Link--maincolor Link--medium Link--icon Link--chevronRight Link--right"><span>View all 400 articles</span></a></span></div></div> <div class="ArticleDetails__main__content"><div class="ArticleDetails__main__content__main ArticleDetails__main__content__main--fullArticle"><div class="JournalAbstract"><div class="JournalAbstract__titleWrapper"><h1>Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Pediatric Healthcare Workers in Spain</h1> </div> </div> <div class="JournalFullText"><div class="JournalAbstract"> <a id="h1" name="h1"></a> <div class="authors"><span class="author-wrapper"> <img class="pr5" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg" alt="\nAna Dacosta-Urbieta," onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg';">Ana Dacosta-Urbieta<sup>1,2</sup></span><span class="author-wrapper"><img class="pr5" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg" alt="Irene Rivero-Calle," onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg';">Irene Rivero-Calle<sup>1,2</sup></span><span class="author-wrapper"><a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1010093" class="user-id-1010093"><img class="pr5" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/1010093/74" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg';" alt="Jacobo Pardo-Seco,,">Jacobo Pardo-Seco</a><sup>1,2,3</sup></span><span class="author-wrapper"><img class="pr5" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg" alt="Lorenzo Redondo-Collazo," onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg';">Lorenzo Redondo-Collazo<sup>1,2</sup></span><span class="author-wrapper"><a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1021428" class="user-id-1021428"><img class="pr5" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/1021428/74" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg';" alt="Antonio Salas,">Antonio Salas</a><sup>1,3</sup></span><span class="author-wrapper"><a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/971915" class="user-id-971915"><img class="pr5" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/971915/74" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg';" alt="Jose Gmez-Rial,">Jose Gómez-Rial</a><sup>1,4</sup></span><span class="author-wrapper"><a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/58621" class="user-id-58621"><img class="pr5" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/58621/74" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg';" alt="Federico Martinn-Torres,*&#x;">Federico Martinón-Torres</a><sup>1,2</sup><sup>*</sup><sup>†</sup></span></div> <ul class="notes"> <li><span><sup>1</sup></span>Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Servicio Gallego de Salud), Galicia, Spain</li> <li><span><sup>2</sup></span>Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain</li> <li><span><sup>3</sup></span>Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses (INCIFOR), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (Servicio Gallego de Salud), Galicia, Spain</li> <li><span><sup>4</sup></span>Laboratorio de Inmunología, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Clínico Universitario Santiago de Compostela (Servicio Gallego de Salud), Galicia, Spain</li> </ul> <p>Spain is one of the countries most severely affected by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with almost 190,000 cases as of April 18, 2020. As healthcare workers (HCW) are one of the groups hardest hit by the infection, it is important to know the seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric departments. We performed 175 immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG immunochromatographic rapid tests in the personnel working at the Pediatric Department of the Hospital Clínico Universitario of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), including pediatricians, residents, nurses, and other staff, on days 31–33 since the lockdown started. Seven out of the 175 tests were positive, including four for IgM and three for IgG, leading to a seroprevalence of 4.0% (95% CI: 1.1–6.9%). Only one of them had symptoms at the time of testing (sore throat). All seropositive cases yielded negative RT-PCR of the upper and lower respiratory tract. This is the first SARS-CoV-2 serological survey among HCWs reported in Spain. Notwithstanding the test limitations, our results reveal that personal protection policy and lockdown measures have been effective to limit population exposure. The low seroprevalence rate poses a significant challenge for the next strategic steps of pandemic control.</p> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="JournalFullText"> <a id="h2" name="h2"></a><h2>Introduction</h2> <p class="mb0">Spain is one of the countries with the highest number of cases of SARS-CoV-2 reported worldwide, with almost 190,000 cases confirmed as of April 18, 2020 (<a href="#B1">1</a>). The first case in Spain was recorded on January 31, and the Spanish government started the lockdown on March 14, when the country had 7,753 active cases. In Galicia (northwest Spain), the first case was recorded on the March 4, and at the moment of the lockdown, there were 195 confirmed cases. In the last 2 weeks, the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 is 149.61 cases/100,000 inhabitants in Spain, and 103.5 cases/100,000 inhabitants (<a href="#B1">1</a>) in Galicia. To date, we have identified 19 pediatric cases in our hospital, and only one of them was admitted to hospital for reasons unrelated to the infection. We aimed to assess the seroprevalence rate of SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers (HCWs) of the Pediatric Department of the Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, the reference hospital in Galicia.</p> <a id="h3" name="h3"></a><h2>Methods</h2> <p class="mb15">We performed a sero-epidemiological survey on days +31, +32, and +33 after lockdown started, including all HCWs of the Pediatric Department of the Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, namely, pediatricians, resident doctors, nurses, and administrative staff. Emergency Department and the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit were considered the most exposed areas.</p> <p class="mb0">We tested immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 by an immunochromatographic rapid method (Virusee® by Genobio Pharmaceutical, Shanghai, China) using 10-μl finger-prick/capillary blood. Sensitivity and specificity rates specified by the manufacturer were 96.0% and 96.8% for IgG and 94.6% and 96.8% for IgM detection, respectively. The rapid test used provides the result in 10 min. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data were collected in all cases.</p> <a id="h4" name="h4"></a><h2>Results</h2> <p class="mb15">The test was performed on 175 HCWs. Most of them were pediatric consultants (32.6%; <i>n</i> = 57), followed by nurses and nurses' aides (47.4%; <i>n</i> = 83), pediatrics residents (13.1%; <i>n</i> = 23), and others (6.9; <i>n</i> = 12). In addition, 18.3% (<i>n</i> = 32) of the workers were ≥55 years old, and 12.6% (<i>n</i> = 22) had preexisting comorbid conditions such as asthma (4.0%; <i>n</i> = 7), high blood pressure (1.7%; <i>n</i> = 3), or obesity (1.7%; <i>n</i> = 3). Moreover, 22.5% of the workers had a known exposure to SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. When asked if they recalled any symptoms suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 in the last 2 months, 53% of the workers declared none.</p> <p class="mb0">Seven workers yielded positive test results, three of them were IgG positive and four of them were IgM positive, representing a total seroprevalence of 4.0% of the cohort (95% CI: 1.1–6.9%) (<a href="#T1">Table 1</a>). The subjects who tested positive for IgM worked in the most exposed areas were: two medical residents and one consultant, two nurses, and two nurse aides. None of the workers who tested positive for IgM presented symptoms at the time of the test. Of the subjects who tested positive for IgG, only one of them recalled symptoms suggestive of coronavirus infection (cough and sore throat), and these persisted at the time of testing. In the positive cases, RT-PCR was performed on the lower (oropharyngeal swab) and upper respiratory tracts (nasal swab), all with negative results.</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders">TABLE 1</div> <div class="FigureDesc"> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/559520/fped-08-00547-HTML/image_m/fped-08-00547-t001.jpg" name="Table1" target="_blank"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=480&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/559520/fped-08-00547-HTML/image_m/fped-08-00547-t001.jpg" media="(max-width: 563px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=370&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/559520/fped-08-00547-HTML/image_m/fped-08-00547-t001.jpg" media="(max-width: 1024px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=290&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/559520/fped-08-00547-HTML/image_m/fped-08-00547-t001.jpg" media="(max-width: 1441px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=410&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/559520/fped-08-00547-HTML/image_m/fped-08-00547-t001.jpg" media=""><source type="image/jpg" srcset="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/559520/fped-08-00547-HTML/image_m/fped-08-00547-t001.jpg" media=""> <img src="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/559520/fped-08-00547-HTML/image_m/fped-08-00547-t001.jpg" alt="www.frontiersin.org" id="T1" loading="lazy"> </picture> </a> <p><strong>Table 1</strong>. Characteristics of the seropositive subjects.</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <a id="h5" name="h5"></a><h2>Discussion</h2> <p class="mb15">To date, there are few data regarding serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 in infected patients (<a href="#B2">2</a>) and virtually no data on serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic exposure. Rapid tests using serology have the advantage of delivering quick results and allowing the testing of asymptomatic people reliably (<a href="#B3">3</a>); the technique is easier and quicker than RT-PCR in respiratory samples. True sensitivity and specificity can vary depending on the commercial test, and this fact warrants the need for further studies. Despite the limitations of the rapid test applied, the limited number of subjects analyzed, and the lack of confirmatory alternative serological assays, the present study indicates a low exposure to SARS-CoV-2 among pediatric HCWs in Spain. There is only one other serologic study published in Spain (<a href="#B4">4</a>) where the total number of participants with evidence of past or current infection (by PCR and/or serology) was 11.2% (65/578); however, these results come from a large referral hospital in Barcelona, Spain, one of the regions with the highest burden of disease of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Spain.</p> <p class="mb0">Although our results must be interpreted with caution since it is possible that some of the HCWs with IgG positivity could have acquired the infection outside the hospital, the low seroprevalence against SARS-CoV-2 among pediatric HCWs points to the success of personal protection and lockdown policies together with a low nosocomial risk of infection, while highlighting the challenge for the next stages of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic management.</p> <a id="h6" name="h6"></a><h2>Data Availability Statement</h2> <p class="mb0">The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author/s.</p> <a id="h7" name="h7"></a><h2>Ethics Statement</h2> <p class="mb0">The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by Comité de Ética de la investigación con medicamentos de Galicia (CEIm-G). Written informed consent for participation was not required for this study in accordance with the national legislation and the institutional requirements.</p> <a id="h8" name="h8"></a><h2>Author Contributions</h2> <p class="mb0">All authors listed have made a substantial, direct and intellectual contribution to the work, and approved it for publication.</p> <a id="h9" name="h9"></a><h2>Funding</h2> <p class="mb0">This study received support from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III: project GePEM (Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)/PI16/01478/Cofinanciado FEDER), DIAVIR (Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)/DTS19/00049/Cofinanciado FEDER; Proyecto de Desarrollo Tecnológico en Salud) and Resvi-Omics (Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)/PI19/01039/Cofinanciado FEDER) and project BI-BACVIR (PRIS-3; Agencia de Conocimiento en Salud (ACIS)-Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS)-Xunta de Galicia; Spain) given to AS and project ReSVinext (Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)/PI16/01569/Cofinanciado FEDER), and Enterogen (Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)/ PI19/01090/Cofinanciado FEDER) given to FM-T.</p> <a id="h10" name="h10"></a><h2>Conflict of Interest</h2> <p class="mb0">The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.</p> <a id="h11" name="h11"></a><h2>References</h2> <div class="References" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; margin-left:2em;"> <p class="ReferencesCopy1" style="margin-left:0.7em; text-indent:-1.1em;"><a name="B1" id="B1"></a> 1. Ministerio de Sanidad, Gobierno de España. Actualización n° 78. <i>Enfermedad Por el Coronavirus (COVID-19)</i>. (2020). Available online at: <a href="https://www.mscbs.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/ccayes/alertasActual/nCov-China/documentos/Actualizacion78_COVID-19.pdf">https://www.mscbs.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/ccayes/alertasActual/nCov-China/documentos/Actualizacion78_COVID-19.pdf</a> (accessed April 17, 2020).</p> </div> <div class="References" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; margin-left:2em;"> <p class="ReferencesCopy1" style="margin-left:0.7em; text-indent:-1.1em;"><a name="B2" id="B2"></a> 2. Zhao J, Yuan Q, Wang H, Liu W, Liao X, Su Y, et al. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019. <i>Clin Infect Dis.</i> (2020) 28:ciaa344. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa344</p> <p style="margin-left:1em;" class="ReferencesCopy2"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32221519" target="_blank">PubMed Abstract</a> | <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa344" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a> | <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?author=J+Zhao&author=Q+Yuan&author=H+Wang&author=W+Liu&author=X+Liao&author=Y+Su+&publication_year=2020&title=Antibody+responses+to+SARS-CoV-2+in+patients+of+novel+coronavirus+disease+2019&journal=Clin+Infect+Dis.&volume=28&pages=ciaa344" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="References" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; margin-left:2em;"> <p class="ReferencesCopy1" style="margin-left:0.7em; text-indent:-1.1em;"><a name="B3" id="B3"></a> 3. Li Z, Yi Y, Luo X, Xiong N, Liu Y, Li S, et al. Development and clinical application of a rapid IgM-IgG combined antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis. <i>J Med Virol.</i> (2020). [Epub ahead of print].doi: 10.1002/jmv.25727.</p> <p style="margin-left:1em;" class="ReferencesCopy2"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32104917" target="_blank">PubMed Abstract</a> | <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25727" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a> | <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?author=Z+Li&author=Y+Yi&author=X+Luo&author=N+Xiong&author=Y+Liu&author=S+Li+&publication_year=2020&title=Development+and+clinical+application+of+a+rapid+IgM-IgG+combined+antibody+test+for+SARS-CoV-2+infection+diagnosis&journal=J+Med+Virol." target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="References" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; margin-left:2em;"> <p class="ReferencesCopy1" style="margin-left:0.7em; text-indent:-1.1em;"><a name="B4" id="B4"></a> 4. García-Basteiro AL, Moncunill G, Tortajada M, Vidal M, Guinovart C, Jiménez A, et al. Seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among health care workers in a large Spanish reference hospital. <i>Nat Commun</i>. (2020). 11:3500. doi: 10.1101/2020.04.27.20082289</p> <p style="margin-left:1em;" class="ReferencesCopy2"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32641730" target="_blank">PubMed Abstract</a> | <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.27.20082289" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a> | <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?author=AL+García-Basteiro&author=G+Moncunill&author=M+Tortajada&author=M+Vidal&author=C+Guinovart&author=A+Jiménez+&publication_year=2020&title=Seroprevalence+of+antibodies+against+SARS-CoV-2+among+health+care+workers+in+a+large+Spanish+reference+hospital&journal=Nat+Commun&volume=11&pages=3500" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="thinLineM20"></div> <div class="AbstractSummary"> <p><span>Keywords:</span> seroprevalance, COVID-19, healthcare worker (HCW), SARS-CoV-2, rapid test for COVID-19</p> <p><span>Citation:</span> Dacosta-Urbieta A, Rivero-Calle I, Pardo-Seco J, Redondo-Collazo L, Salas A, Gómez-Rial J and Martinón-Torres F (2020) Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Pediatric Healthcare Workers in Spain. <i>Front. Pediatr.</i> 8:547. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00547</p> <p id="timestamps"><span>Received:</span> 13 May 2020; <span>Accepted:</span> 29 July 2020;<br> <span>Published:</span> 11 September 2020.</p> <div><p>Edited by:</p> <a href="http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/525142/overview">Valeriane Leroy</a>, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), France</div> <div><p>Reviewed by:</p> <a href="http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/736410/overview">Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek</a>, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Croatia<br> <a href="http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/435709/overview">Guillermo Soza</a>, University of La Frontera, Chile</div> <p><span>Copyright</span> © 2020 Dacosta-Urbieta, Rivero-Calle, Pardo-Seco, Redondo-Collazo, Salas, Gómez-Rial and Martinón-Torres. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)</a>. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.</p> <p><span>*Correspondence:</span> Federico Martinón-Torres, <a href="mailto:federico.martinon.torres@sergas.es">federico.martinon.torres@sergas.es</a></p> <p><span><sup>†</sup>ORCID:</span> Federico Martinón-Torres <a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9023-581X">orcid.org/0000-0002-9023-581X</a></p> <div class="clear"></div> </div></div></div> <p class="AbstractSummary__disclaimer"><span>Disclaimer: </span> All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. </p></div></section></main></div> <div></div></div></div>  <footer class="Footer"><h1 class="acc-hidden">Footer</h1> <div class="Footer__wrapper"><div class="Footer__sections"><ul class="Accordion"><li class="Accordion__item"><button class="Accordion__headline"> <div class="Accordion__title">Guidelines</div> <div class="Accordion__space"></div> <div class="Accordion__arrow"></div></button> <div class="Accordion__content Accordion__content--fadeOut" style="height:0px;"><ul><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/guidelines/author-guidelines" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_0-a_authorGuidelines">Author guidelines</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/guidelines/editor-guidelines" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_0-a_editorGuidelines">Editor guidelines</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/guidelines/policies-and-publication-ethics" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_0-a_policiesAndPublicationE">Policies and publication ethics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/fee-policy" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_0-a_feePolicy">Fee policy</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="Accordion__item"><button class="Accordion__headline"> <div class="Accordion__title">Explore</div> <div class="Accordion__space"></div> <div class="Accordion__arrow"></div></button> <div class="Accordion__content Accordion__content--fadeOut" style="height:0px;"><ul><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_1-a_articles">Articles</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_1-a_researchTopics">Research Topics </a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_1-a_journals">Journals</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/how-we-publish" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_1-a_howWePublish">How we publish</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="Accordion__item"><button class="Accordion__headline"> <div class="Accordion__title">Outreach</div> <div class="Accordion__space"></div> <div class="Accordion__arrow"></div></button> <div class="Accordion__content Accordion__content--fadeOut" style="height:0px;"><ul><li><a href="https://forum.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_2-a_frontiersForum">Frontiers Forum </a></li><li><a href="https://policylabs.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_2-a_frontiersPolicyLabs">Frontiers Policy Labs </a></li><li><a href="https://kids.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_2-a_frontiersForYoungMinds">Frontiers for Young Minds</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersplanetprize.org/" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_2-a_frontiersPlanetPrize">Frontiers Planet Prize</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="Accordion__item"><button class="Accordion__headline"> <div class="Accordion__title">Connect</div> <div class="Accordion__space"></div> <div class="Accordion__arrow"></div></button> <div class="Accordion__content Accordion__content--fadeOut" style="height:0px;"><ul><li><a href="https://helpcenter.frontiersin.org" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_3-a_helpCenter">Help center</a></li><li><a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/settings/email-preferences?a=publishers" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_3-a_emailsAndAlerts">Emails and alerts </a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/contact" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_3-a_contactUs">Contact us </a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/submission/submit" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_3-a_submit">Submit</a></li><li><a href="https://careers.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_3-a_careerOpportunities">Career opportunities</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <div class="Footer__socialLinks"><div class="Footer__socialLinks__title">Follow us</div> <span class="Link__wrapper"><a aria-label="Frontiers Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/Frontiersin" target="_blank" data-event="footer-facebook-a_" class="Link Link--linkType Link--grey Link--medium Link--icon Link--facebook Link--right"><span></span></a></span><span class="Link__wrapper"><a aria-label="Frontiers Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/frontiersin" target="_blank" data-event="footer-twitter-a_" class="Link Link--linkType Link--grey Link--medium Link--icon Link--twitter Link--right"><span></span></a></span><span class="Link__wrapper"><a aria-label="Frontiers LinkedIn" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/frontiers" target="_blank" data-event="footer-linkedIn-a_" class="Link Link--linkType Link--grey Link--medium Link--icon Link--linkedin Link--right"><span></span></a></span><span class="Link__wrapper"><a aria-label="Frontiers Instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/frontiersin_" target="_blank" data-event="footer-instagram-a_" class="Link Link--linkType Link--grey Link--medium Link--icon Link--instagram Link--right"><span></span></a></span></div></div> <div class="Footer__copyright"><div><span>© 2024 Frontiers Media S.A. All rights reserved</span></div> <div><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/privacy-policy" target="_blank">Privacy policy</a> <span>|</span> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions" target="_blank">Terms and conditions</a></div></div></div></footer> <div class="SnackbarWrapper"><ul class="SnackbarContainer"></ul></div></div></div></div><script>window.__NUXT__=(function(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z,_,$,aa,ab,ac,ad,ae,af,ag,ah,ai,aj,ak,al,am,an,ao,ap,aq,ar,as,at,au,av,aw,ax,ay,az,aA,aB,aC,aD,aE,aF,aG,aH,aI,aJ,aK,aL,aM,aN,aO,aP,aQ,aR,aS,aT,aU,aV,aW,aX,aY,aZ,a_,a$,ba,bb,bc,bd,be,bf,bg,bh,bi,bj,bk,bl,bm,bn,bo,bp,bq,br,bs,bt,bu,bv,bw,bx,by,bz,bA,bB,bC,bD,bE,bF,bG,bH,bI,bJ,bK,bL,bM,bN,bO,bP,bQ,bR,bS,bT,bU,bV,bW,bX,bY,bZ,b_,b$,ca,cb,cc,cd,ce,cf,cg,ch,ci,cj,ck,cl,cm,cn,co,cp,cq,cr,cs,ct,cu,cv,cw,cx,cy,cz,cA,cB,cC,cD,cE,cF,cG,cH,cI){ar.id=as;ar.name=at;ar.slug=au;ar.specialtyId=843;return {layout:"ArticleLayout",data:[{}],fetch:{},error:f,state:{currentJournal:{identifier:w,name:t,slug:x,banner:[{id:"F7FAD318-14B9-4441-A0B7CBD4A110BD2E",src:S,name:"FPED_Main Visual_Red_Website",tags:["baby","boy","life","hand","embracing","care","newborn","love","beautiful","lying","white","offspring","mother","tranquil","month","parent","health","childhood","caucasian","happiness","little","female","people","woman","serene","innocence","person","new","young","male","face","comfortable","sleeping","scene","family","child","one","small","cute",T,"head","beauty","resting","togetherness","son","human","girl","holding","bonding","lifestyle"],type:U,width:5760,height:3840,idHash:"53056a01f5a7b68",archive:n,brandId:"22C10171-81B3-4DA6-99342F272A32E8BB",limited:n,fileSize:7696480,isPublic:c,original:"https:\u002F\u002Fbrand.frontiersin.org\u002Fm\u002F53056a01f5a7b68\u002Foriginal\u002FFPED_Main-Visual_Red_Website.jpg",copyright:e,extension:["jpg"],thumbnails:{mini:"https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002FF7FAD318-14B9-4441-A0B7CBD4A110BD2E\u002Fmini-953030A7-342F-49B7-AA40D88F1004E4D4.png",thul:"https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002FF7FAD318-14B9-4441-A0B7CBD4A110BD2E\u002Fthul-709C45E3-D5C3-474F-A18C9CB9E58F2279.png",webimage:S,Guidelines:"https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002FF7FAD318-14B9-4441-A0B7CBD4A110BD2E\u002FAC3D7CCA-7B3C-48AF-84D20F065AB517AD\u002FGuidelines-FPED_Main Visual_Red_Website.png",WebsiteJpg_XL:"https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002FF7FAD318-14B9-4441-A0B7CBD4A110BD2E\u002FAC3D7CCA-7B3C-48AF-84D20F065AB517AD\u002FWebsiteJpg_XL-FPED_Main Visual_Red_Website.jpg",WebsiteWebP_L:"https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002FF7FAD318-14B9-4441-A0B7CBD4A110BD2E\u002FAC3D7CCA-7B3C-48AF-84D20F065AB517AD\u002FWebsiteWebP_L-FPED_Main Visual_Red_Website.webp",WebsiteWebP_M:"https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002FF7FAD318-14B9-4441-A0B7CBD4A110BD2E\u002FAC3D7CCA-7B3C-48AF-84D20F065AB517AD\u002FWebsiteWebP_M-FPED_Main Visual_Red_Website.webp",WebsiteWebP_XL:"https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002FF7FAD318-14B9-4441-A0B7CBD4A110BD2E\u002FAC3D7CCA-7B3C-48AF-84D20F065AB517AD\u002FWebsiteWebP_XL-FPED_Main Visual_Red_Website.webp"},dateCreated:V,description:"Mother holding head of her newborn son in hands. The baby on hands at mum. Loving mother hand holding cute sleeping newborn baby child; Shutterstock ID 218070889; purchase_order: Main Visual; job: ; client: ; other:",orientation:"landscape",userCreated:"Caroline Sutter",watermarked:n,dateModified:V,datePublished:"2022-06-27T09:27:09Z",ecsArchiveFiles:[],propertyOptions:["414FB2D4-2283-43FD-BE14E534ECA67928","6C18119B-14BD-4951-B437696F4357BD33","7C692885-DB25-4858-B1FB4FF47B241E9B","D88C0047-EC30-4506-A7DF28A4D765E1CF"],property_Channel:["frontiersin_org"],"property_Sub-Type":["Main_Visual"],property_Asset_Type:["Photography"],activeOriginalFocusPoint:{x:2880,y:A},property_Office_Department:["Publishing"]}],description:"Explores research that meets ongoing challenges in pediatric patient care and child health, from neonatal screening to adolescent development.",mission:"\u003Cp\u003EFrontiers in Pediatrics is a multidisciplinary journal publishing research that addresses challenges in pediatric patient care and child health.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003ELed by Field Chief Editor Dr Andrew S. Day (University of Otago, New Zealand), Frontiers in Pediatrics is indexed in PubMed Central (PMC), Web of Science (SCIE), and the DOAJ, among others, and publishes both basic and clinical research related to all aspects of pediatrics.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003ETopics include, but are not limited to:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Echildren and health\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Egeneral pediatrics and pediatric emergency care\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Egenetics of common and rare diseases\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Eneonatology\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Eobstetric and pediatric pharmacology\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Epediatric cardiology\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Epediatric critical care\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Epediatric endocrinology\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Epediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Epediatric hematology and hematological malignancies\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Epediatric immunology\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Epediatric infectious diseases\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Epediatric neurology\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Epediatric obesity\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Epediatric oncology\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Epediatric orthopedics\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Epediatric otolaryngology\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Epediatric occupational therapy\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Epediatric pulmonology\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Epediatric rheumatology\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Epediatric surgery\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Epediatric urology.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EIn particular, the journal welcomes submissions which support and advance the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), notably SDG 3: ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EManuscripts that focus on adult medicine, public health, or non-pediatric surgical procedures are not suitable for publication in this journal. Studies that do not directly relate to the health and well-being of children and adolescents, including those focusing on parental education or socio-economic factors without a fundamental basis in pediatric health outcomes, will not be considered.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EFrontiers in Pediatrics is committed to advancing developments in the field of pediatrics by allowing unrestricted access to articles, and communicating scientific knowledge to researchers and the public alike, to enable the scientific breakthroughs of the future.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",palette:"red",impactFactor:"2.6",citeScore:"3.3",citations:"70000",showTagline:f,twitter:"@FrontPediatrics",__typename:"Journal"},currentFrontiersJournal:{id:w,name:t,slug:x,printISSN:f,shortName:J,electronicISSN:K,abbreviation:W,specialtyId:f,publicationDate:f,isOnline:h,isOpenForSubmissions:h,spaceId:c,field:{id:X,domainId:o,__typename:"journal_field"},__typename:a},articleHubSlug:e,articleHubPage:L,currentArticle:{id:559520,doi:Y,title:Z,acceptanceDate:new Date(1596036288000),receptionDate:new Date(1589369262000),publicationDate:new Date(1599782400000),isPublished:h,abstract:_,researchTopic:{id:13377,title:"Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Clinical Management and Public Health Response",articlesCount:400,isMagazinePage:h,slug:"coronavirus-disease-covid-19-pathophysiology-epidemiology-clinical-management-and-public-health-response",isOpenForSubmission:l},articleType:{id:139,name:"Brief Research Report"},stage:{id:M,name:e},keywords:["Seroprevalance","COVID - 19","healthcare worker (HCW)","SARS-CoV2","Rapid test for covid"],authors:[{id:n,firstName:$,lastName:"Dacosta-Urbieta",givenNames:$,isCorresponding:l,isProfilePublic:l,userId:n,affiliations:[{organizationName:p,countryName:m,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e},{organizationName:y,countryName:m,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]},{id:n,firstName:aa,lastName:"Rivero-Calle",givenNames:aa,isCorresponding:l,isProfilePublic:l,userId:n,affiliations:[{organizationName:p,countryName:m,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e},{organizationName:y,countryName:m,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]},{id:ab,firstName:ac,lastName:"Pardo-Seco",givenNames:ac,isCorresponding:l,isProfilePublic:h,userId:ab,affiliations:[{organizationName:p,countryName:m,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e},{organizationName:y,countryName:m,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e},{organizationName:ad,countryName:m,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]},{id:n,firstName:ae,lastName:"Redondo-Collazo",givenNames:ae,isCorresponding:l,isProfilePublic:l,userId:n,affiliations:[{organizationName:p,countryName:m,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e},{organizationName:y,countryName:m,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]},{id:af,firstName:ag,lastName:"Salas",givenNames:ag,isCorresponding:l,isProfilePublic:h,userId:af,affiliations:[{organizationName:p,countryName:m,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e},{organizationName:ad,countryName:m,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]},{id:ah,firstName:ai,lastName:"Gómez-Rial",givenNames:ai,isCorresponding:l,isProfilePublic:h,userId:ah,affiliations:[{organizationName:p,countryName:m,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e},{organizationName:"Laboratorio de Inmunología, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Clínico Universitario Santiago de Compostela (Servicio Gallego de Salud)",countryName:m,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]},{id:aj,firstName:ak,lastName:"Martinón-Torres",givenNames:ak,isCorresponding:l,isProfilePublic:h,userId:aj,affiliations:[{organizationName:p,countryName:m,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e},{organizationName:y,countryName:m,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]}],editors:[{id:al,firstName:am,lastName:"Leroy",givenNames:am,isCorresponding:l,isProfilePublic:h,userId:al,affiliations:[{organizationName:"Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)",countryName:"France",cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]}],reviewers:[{id:an,firstName:ao,lastName:"Soza",givenNames:ao,isCorresponding:l,isProfilePublic:h,userId:an,affiliations:[{organizationName:"University of La Frontera",countryName:"Chile",cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]},{id:ap,firstName:aq,lastName:"Vilibic-Cavlek",givenNames:aq,isCorresponding:l,isProfilePublic:h,userId:ap,affiliations:[{organizationName:"Croatian Institute of Public Health",countryName:"Croatia",cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]}],journal:{id:w,slug:x,name:t,shortName:J,electronicISSN:K,field:{id:X,domainId:o},specialtyId:f,journalSectionPaths:[{section:ar}]},section:ar,impactMetrics:{views:2339,downloads:891,citations:av},volume:aw,articleVolume:"Volume 8 - 2020",relatedArticles:[],isPublishedV2:l,contents:{fullTextHtml:"\u003Cdiv class=\"JournalAbstract\"\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h1\" name=\"h1\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch1\u003ESeroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Pediatric Healthcare Workers in Spain\u003C\u002Fh1\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"authors\"\u003E\n\u003Cimg class=\"pr5\" src=\"http:\u002F\u002F3b76aaf63d1816bb57bf-a34624e694c43cdf8b40aa048a644ca4.r96.cf2.rackcdn.com\u002FDesign\u002FImages\u002Fnewprofile_default_profileimage_new.jpg\" \u002F\u003EAna Dacosta-Urbieta\u003Csup\u003E1,2\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E, \u003Cimg class=\"pr5\" src=\"http:\u002F\u002F3b76aaf63d1816bb57bf-a34624e694c43cdf8b40aa048a644ca4.r96.cf2.rackcdn.com\u002FDesign\u002FImages\u002Fnewprofile_default_profileimage_new.jpg\" \u002F\u003EIrene Rivero-Calle\u003Csup\u003E1,2\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fpeople\u002Fu\u002F1010093\" class=\"user-id-1010093\"\u003E\u003Cimg class=\"pr5\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fimages\u002Fprofile\u002F1010093\u002F24\" onerror=\"this.src='http:\u002F\u002F3b76aaf63d1816bb57bf-a34624e694c43cdf8b40aa048a644ca4.r96.cf2.rackcdn.com\u002FDesign\u002FImages\u002Fnewprofile_default_profileimage_new.jpg'\" \u002F\u003EJacobo Pardo-Seco\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Csup\u003E1,2,3\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E, \u003Cimg class=\"pr5\" src=\"http:\u002F\u002F3b76aaf63d1816bb57bf-a34624e694c43cdf8b40aa048a644ca4.r96.cf2.rackcdn.com\u002FDesign\u002FImages\u002Fnewprofile_default_profileimage_new.jpg\" \u002F\u003ELorenzo Redondo-Collazo\u003Csup\u003E1,2\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fpeople\u002Fu\u002F1021428\" class=\"user-id-1021428\"\u003E\u003Cimg class=\"pr5\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fimages\u002Fprofile\u002F1021428\u002F24\" onerror=\"this.src='http:\u002F\u002F3b76aaf63d1816bb57bf-a34624e694c43cdf8b40aa048a644ca4.r96.cf2.rackcdn.com\u002FDesign\u002FImages\u002Fnewprofile_default_profileimage_new.jpg'\" \u002F\u003EAntonio Salas\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Csup\u003E1,3\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fpeople\u002Fu\u002F971915\" class=\"user-id-971915\"\u003E\u003Cimg class=\"pr5\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fimages\u002Fprofile\u002F971915\u002F24\" onerror=\"this.src='http:\u002F\u002F3b76aaf63d1816bb57bf-a34624e694c43cdf8b40aa048a644ca4.r96.cf2.rackcdn.com\u002FDesign\u002FImages\u002Fnewprofile_default_profileimage_new.jpg'\" \u002F\u003EJose Gómez-Rial\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Csup\u003E1,4\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fpeople\u002Fu\u002F58621\" class=\"user-id-58621\"\u003E\u003Cimg class=\"pr5\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fimages\u002Fprofile\u002F58621\u002F24\" onerror=\"this.src='http:\u002F\u002F3b76aaf63d1816bb57bf-a34624e694c43cdf8b40aa048a644ca4.r96.cf2.rackcdn.com\u002FDesign\u002FImages\u002Fnewprofile_default_profileimage_new.jpg'\" \u002F\u003EFederico Martinón-Torres\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Csup\u003E1,2\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003Csup\u003E*\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003Csup\u003E†\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cul class=\"notes\"\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Csup\u003E1\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003EGrupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Servicio Gallego de Salud), Galicia, Spain\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003ETranslational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Csup\u003E3\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003EUnidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses (INCIFOR), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (Servicio Gallego de Salud), Galicia, Spain\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Csup\u003E4\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003ELaboratorio de Inmunología, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Clínico Universitario Santiago de Compostela (Servicio Gallego de Salud), Galicia, Spain\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESpain is one of the countries most severely affected by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with almost 190,000 cases as of April 18, 2020. As healthcare workers (HCW) are one of the groups hardest hit by the infection, it is important to know the seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric departments. We performed 175 immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG immunochromatographic rapid tests in the personnel working at the Pediatric Department of the Hospital Clínico Universitario of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), including pediatricians, residents, nurses, and other staff, on days 31–33 since the lockdown started. Seven out of the 175 tests were positive, including four for IgM and three for IgG, leading to a seroprevalence of 4.0% (95% CI: 1.1–6.9%). Only one of them had symptoms at the time of testing (sore throat). All seropositive cases yielded negative RT-PCR of the upper and lower respiratory tract. This is the first SARS-CoV-2 serological survey among HCWs reported in Spain. Notwithstanding the test limitations, our results reveal that personal protection policy and lockdown measures have been effective to limit population exposure. The low seroprevalence rate poses a significant challenge for the next strategic steps of pandemic control.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"JournalFullText\"\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h2\" name=\"h2\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EIntroduction\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003ESpain is one of the countries with the highest number of cases of SARS-CoV-2 reported worldwide, with almost 190,000 cases confirmed as of April 18, 2020 (\u003Ca href=\"#B1\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fa\u003E). The first case in Spain was recorded on January 31, and the Spanish government started the lockdown on March 14, when the country had 7,753 active cases. In Galicia (northwest Spain), the first case was recorded on the March 4, and at the moment of the lockdown, there were 195 confirmed cases. In the last 2 weeks, the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 is 149.61 cases\u002F100,000 inhabitants in Spain, and 103.5 cases\u002F100,000 inhabitants (\u003Ca href=\"#B1\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) in Galicia. To date, we have identified 19 pediatric cases in our hospital, and only one of them was admitted to hospital for reasons unrelated to the infection. We aimed to assess the seroprevalence rate of SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers (HCWs) of the Pediatric Department of the Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, the reference hospital in Galicia.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h3\" name=\"h3\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EMethods\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb15\"\u003EWe performed a sero-epidemiological survey on days +31, +32, and +33 after lockdown started, including all HCWs of the Pediatric Department of the Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, namely, pediatricians, resident doctors, nurses, and administrative staff. Emergency Department and the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit were considered the most exposed areas.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EWe tested immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 by an immunochromatographic rapid method (Virusee® by Genobio Pharmaceutical, Shanghai, China) using 10-μl finger-prick\u002Fcapillary blood. Sensitivity and specificity rates specified by the manufacturer were 96.0% and 96.8% for IgG and 94.6% and 96.8% for IgM detection, respectively. The rapid test used provides the result in 10 min. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data were collected in all cases.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h4\" name=\"h4\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EResults\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb15\"\u003EThe test was performed on 175 HCWs. Most of them were pediatric consultants (32.6%; \u003Ci\u003En\u003C\u002Fi\u003E = 57), followed by nurses and nurses' aides (47.4%; \u003Ci\u003En\u003C\u002Fi\u003E = 83), pediatrics residents (13.1%; \u003Ci\u003En\u003C\u002Fi\u003E = 23), and others (6.9; \u003Ci\u003En\u003C\u002Fi\u003E = 12). In addition, 18.3% (\u003Ci\u003En\u003C\u002Fi\u003E = 32) of the workers were ≥55 years old, and 12.6% (\u003Ci\u003En\u003C\u002Fi\u003E = 22) had preexisting comorbid conditions such as asthma (4.0%; \u003Ci\u003En\u003C\u002Fi\u003E = 7), high blood pressure (1.7%; \u003Ci\u003En\u003C\u002Fi\u003E = 3), or obesity (1.7%; \u003Ci\u003En\u003C\u002Fi\u003E = 3). Moreover, 22.5% of the workers had a known exposure to SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. When asked if they recalled any symptoms suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 in the last 2 months, 53% of the workers declared none.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003ESeven workers yielded positive test results, three of them were IgG positive and four of them were IgM positive, representing a total seroprevalence of 4.0% of the cohort (95% CI: 1.1–6.9%) (\u003Ca href=\"#T1\"\u003ETable 1\u003C\u002Fa\u003E). The subjects who tested positive for IgM worked in the most exposed areas were: two medical residents and one consultant, two nurses, and two nurse aides. None of the workers who tested positive for IgM presented symptoms at the time of the test. Of the subjects who tested positive for IgG, only one of them recalled symptoms suggestive of coronavirus infection (cough and sore throat), and these persisted at the time of testing. In the positive cases, RT-PCR was performed on the lower (oropharyngeal swab) and upper respiratory tracts (nasal swab), all with negative results.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"Imageheaders\"\u003ETABLE 1\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"FigureDesc\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F559520\u002Ffped-08-00547-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffped-08-00547-t001.jpg\" name=\"Table1\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\n\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F559520\u002Ffped-08-00547-HTML\u002Fimage_t\u002Ffped-08-00547-t001.gif\" id=\"T1\" alt=\"www.frontiersin.org\" \u002F\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETable 1\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E. Characteristics of the seropositive subjects.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h5\" name=\"h5\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EDiscussion\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb15\"\u003ETo date, there are few data regarding serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 in infected patients (\u003Ca href=\"#B2\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) and virtually no data on serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic exposure. Rapid tests using serology have the advantage of delivering quick results and allowing the testing of asymptomatic people reliably (\u003Ca href=\"#B3\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fa\u003E); the technique is easier and quicker than RT-PCR in respiratory samples. True sensitivity and specificity can vary depending on the commercial test, and this fact warrants the need for further studies. Despite the limitations of the rapid test applied, the limited number of subjects analyzed, and the lack of confirmatory alternative serological assays, the present study indicates a low exposure to SARS-CoV-2 among pediatric HCWs in Spain. There is only one other serologic study published in Spain (\u003Ca href=\"#B4\"\u003E4\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) where the total number of participants with evidence of past or current infection (by PCR and\u002For serology) was 11.2% (65\u002F578); however, these results come from a large referral hospital in Barcelona, Spain, one of the regions with the highest burden of disease of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Spain.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EAlthough our results must be interpreted with caution since it is possible that some of the HCWs with IgG positivity could have acquired the infection outside the hospital, the low seroprevalence against SARS-CoV-2 among pediatric HCWs points to the success of personal protection and lockdown policies together with a low nosocomial risk of infection, while highlighting the challenge for the next stages of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic management.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h6\" name=\"h6\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EData Availability Statement\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EThe original contributions presented in the study are included in the article\u002Fsupplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author\u002Fs.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h7\" name=\"h7\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EEthics Statement\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EThe studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by Comité de Ética de la investigación con medicamentos de Galicia (CEIm-G). Written informed consent for participation was not required for this study in accordance with the national legislation and the institutional requirements.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h8\" name=\"h8\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EAuthor Contributions\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EAll authors listed have made a substantial, direct and intellectual contribution to the work, and approved it for publication.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h9\" name=\"h9\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EFunding\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EThis study received support from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III: project GePEM (Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)\u002FPI16\u002F01478\u002FCofinanciado FEDER), DIAVIR (Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)\u002FDTS19\u002F00049\u002FCofinanciado FEDER; Proyecto de Desarrollo Tecnológico en Salud) and Resvi-Omics (Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)\u002FPI19\u002F01039\u002FCofinanciado FEDER) and project BI-BACVIR (PRIS-3; Agencia de Conocimiento en Salud (ACIS)-Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS)-Xunta de Galicia; Spain) given to AS and project ReSVinext (Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)\u002FPI16\u002F01569\u002FCofinanciado FEDER), and Enterogen (Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)\u002F PI19\u002F01090\u002FCofinanciado FEDER) given to FM-T.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h10\" name=\"h10\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EConflict of Interest\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EThe authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h11\" name=\"h11\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EReferences\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"References\" style=\"margin-bottom:0.5em; margin-left:2em;\"\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy1\" style=\"margin-left:0.7em; text-indent:-1.1em;\"\u003E\u003Ca name=\"B1\" id=\"B1\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E 1. Ministerio de Sanidad, Gobierno de España. Actualización n° 78. \u003Ci\u003EEnfermedad Por el Coronavirus (COVID-19)\u003C\u002Fi\u003E. (2020). Available online at: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mscbs.gob.es\u002Fprofesionales\u002FsaludPublica\u002Fccayes\u002FalertasActual\u002FnCov-China\u002Fdocumentos\u002FActualizacion78_COVID-19.pdf\"\u003Ehttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.mscbs.gob.es\u002Fprofesionales\u002FsaludPublica\u002Fccayes\u002FalertasActual\u002FnCov-China\u002Fdocumentos\u002FActualizacion78_COVID-19.pdf\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (accessed April 17, 2020).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"References\" style=\"margin-bottom:0.5em; margin-left:2em;\"\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy1\" style=\"margin-left:0.7em; text-indent:-1.1em;\"\u003E\u003Ca name=\"B2\" id=\"B2\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E 2. Zhao J, Yuan Q, Wang H, Liu W, Liao X, Su Y, et al. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019. \u003Ci\u003EClin Infect Dis.\u003C\u002Fi\u003E (2020) 28:ciaa344. doi: 10.1093\u002Fcid\u002Fciaa344\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp style=\"margin-left:1em;\" class=\"ReferencesCopy2\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F32221519\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EPubMed Abstract\u003C\u002Fa\u003E | \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1093\u002Fcid\u002Fciaa344\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ECrossRef Full Text\u003C\u002Fa\u003E | \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?author=J+Zhao&author=Q+Yuan&author=H+Wang&author=W+Liu&author=X+Liao&author=Y+Su+&publication_year=2020&title=Antibody+responses+to+SARS-CoV-2+in+patients+of+novel+coronavirus+disease+2019&journal=Clin+Infect+Dis.&volume=28&pages=ciaa344\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"References\" style=\"margin-bottom:0.5em; margin-left:2em;\"\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy1\" style=\"margin-left:0.7em; text-indent:-1.1em;\"\u003E\u003Ca name=\"B3\" id=\"B3\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E 3. Li Z, Yi Y, Luo X, Xiong N, Liu Y, Li S, et al. Development and clinical application of a rapid IgM-IgG combined antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis. \u003Ci\u003EJ Med Virol.\u003C\u002Fi\u003E (2020). [Epub ahead of print].doi: 10.1002\u002Fjmv.25727.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp style=\"margin-left:1em;\" class=\"ReferencesCopy2\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F32104917\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EPubMed Abstract\u003C\u002Fa\u003E | \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fjmv.25727\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ECrossRef Full Text\u003C\u002Fa\u003E | \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?author=Z+Li&author=Y+Yi&author=X+Luo&author=N+Xiong&author=Y+Liu&author=S+Li+&publication_year=2020&title=Development+and+clinical+application+of+a+rapid+IgM-IgG+combined+antibody+test+for+SARS-CoV-2+infection+diagnosis&journal=J+Med+Virol.\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"References\" style=\"margin-bottom:0.5em; margin-left:2em;\"\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy1\" style=\"margin-left:0.7em; text-indent:-1.1em;\"\u003E\u003Ca name=\"B4\" id=\"B4\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E 4. García-Basteiro AL, Moncunill G, Tortajada M, Vidal M, Guinovart C, Jiménez A, et al. Seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among health care workers in a large Spanish reference hospital. \u003Ci\u003ENat Commun\u003C\u002Fi\u003E. (2020). 11:3500. doi: 10.1101\u002F2020.04.27.20082289\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp style=\"margin-left:1em;\" class=\"ReferencesCopy2\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F32641730\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EPubMed Abstract\u003C\u002Fa\u003E | \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1101\u002F2020.04.27.20082289\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ECrossRef Full Text\u003C\u002Fa\u003E | \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?author=AL+García-Basteiro&author=G+Moncunill&author=M+Tortajada&author=M+Vidal&author=C+Guinovart&author=A+Jiménez+&publication_year=2020&title=Seroprevalence+of+antibodies+against+SARS-CoV-2+among+health+care+workers+in+a+large+Spanish+reference+hospital&journal=Nat+Commun&volume=11&pages=3500\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"thinLineM20\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"AbstractSummary\"\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EKeywords:\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E seroprevalance, COVID-19, healthcare worker (HCW), SARS-CoV-2, rapid test for COVID-19\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECitation:\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E Dacosta-Urbieta A, Rivero-Calle I, Pardo-Seco J, Redondo-Collazo L, Salas A, Gómez-Rial J and Martinón-Torres F (2020) Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Pediatric Healthcare Workers in Spain. \u003Ci\u003EFront. Pediatr.\u003C\u002Fi\u003E 8:547. doi: 10.3389\u002Ffped.2020.00547\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\"timestamps\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EReceived:\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E 13 May 2020; \u003Cspan\u003EAccepted:\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E 29 July 2020;\u003Cbr\u002F\u003E \u003Cspan\u003EPublished:\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E 11 September 2020.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEdited by:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fpeople\u002F525142\u002Foverview\"\u003EValeriane Leroy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), France\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EReviewed by:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fpeople\u002F736410\u002Foverview\"\u003ETatjana Vilibic-Cavlek\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Croatia\u003Cbr\u002F\u003E \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fpeople\u002F435709\u002Foverview\"\u003EGuillermo Soza\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, University of La Frontera, Chile\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECopyright\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E © 2020 Dacosta-Urbieta, Rivero-Calle, Pardo-Seco, Redondo-Collazo, Salas, Gómez-Rial and Martinón-Torres. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the \u003Ca rel=\"license\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ECreative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E*Correspondence:\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E Federico Martinón-Torres, \u003Ca href=\"mailto:federico.martinon.torres@sergas.es\"\u003Efederico.martinon.torres@sergas.es\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Csup\u003E†\u003C\u002Fsup\u003EORCID:\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E Federico Martinón-Torres \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-9023-581X\"\u003Eorcid.org\u002F0000-0002-9023-581X\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",menuHtml:"\u003Cul class=\"flyoutJournal\"\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h1\"\u003EAbstract\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h2\"\u003EIntroduction\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h3\"\u003EMethods\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h4\"\u003EResults\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h5\"\u003EDiscussion\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h6\"\u003EData Availability Statement\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h7\"\u003EEthics Statement\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h8\"\u003EAuthor Contributions\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h9\"\u003EFunding\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h10\"\u003EConflict of Interest\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h11\"\u003EReferences\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003C\u002Ful\u003E"},files:[{name:"EPUB.epub",fileServerPackageEntryId:e,type:{code:ax,name:ax}},{name:ay,fileServerPackageEntryId:"fped-08-00547\u002Ffped-08-00547.pdf",type:{code:u,name:u}},{name:ay,fileServerPackageEntryId:e,type:{code:u,name:u}},{name:"fped-08-00547.xml",fileServerPackageEntryId:"fped-08-00547\u002Ffped-08-00547.xml",type:{code:"NLM_XML",name:"XML"}},{name:"Provisional PDF.pdf",fileServerPackageEntryId:e,type:{code:u,name:u}}]},currentArticlePageMetaInfo:{title:az,link:[{rel:"canonical",href:aA}],meta:[{hid:B,property:B,name:B,content:aB},{hid:aC,property:aC,name:"title",content:az},{hid:aD,property:aD,name:B,content:aB},{hid:aE,name:aE,content:"Seroprevalance,COVID - 19,healthcare worker (HCW),SARS-CoV2,Rapid test for covid"},{hid:aF,property:aF,name:"site_name",content:C},{hid:aG,property:aG,name:U,content:"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=1200&f=png\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F559520\u002Ffped-08-00547-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffped-08-00547-t001.jpg"},{hid:aH,property:aH,name:"type",content:"article"},{hid:aI,property:aI,name:"url",content:aA},{hid:aJ,name:aJ,content:"summary_large_image"},{hid:aK,name:aK,content:"8"},{hid:aL,name:aL,content:t},{hid:aM,name:aM,content:C},{hid:aN,name:aN,content:J},{hid:aO,name:aO,content:K},{hid:aP,name:aP,content:Y},{hid:aQ,name:aQ,content:"559520"},{hid:aR,name:aR,content:"English"},{hid:aS,name:aS,content:Z},{hid:aT,name:aT,content:"Seroprevalance; COVID - 19; healthcare worker (HCW); SARS-CoV2; Rapid test for covid"},{hid:aU,name:aU,content:_},{hid:aV,name:aV,content:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fpediatrics\u002Farticles\u002F10.3389\u002Ffped.2020.00547\u002Fpdf"},{hid:aW,name:aW,content:"2020\u002F07\u002F29"},{hid:aX,name:aX,content:"2020\u002F09\u002F11"},{hid:"citation_author_0",name:q,content:"Dacosta-Urbieta, Ana"},{hid:"citation_author_institution_0",name:r,content:s},{hid:"citation_author_1",name:q,content:"Rivero-Calle, Irene"},{hid:"citation_author_institution_1",name:r,content:s},{hid:"citation_author_2",name:q,content:"Pardo-Seco, Jacobo"},{hid:"citation_author_institution_2",name:r,content:s},{hid:"citation_author_3",name:q,content:"Redondo-Collazo, Lorenzo"},{hid:"citation_author_institution_3",name:r,content:s},{hid:"citation_author_4",name:q,content:"Salas, Antonio"},{hid:"citation_author_institution_4",name:r,content:s},{hid:"citation_author_5",name:q,content:"Gómez-Rial, Jose"},{hid:"citation_author_institution_5",name:r,content:s},{hid:"citation_author_6",name:q,content:"Martinón-Torres, Federico"},{hid:"citation_author_institution_6",name:r,content:s},{hid:aY,name:aY,content:"doi:10.3389\u002Ffped.2020.00547"}],script:[{src:"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnjs.cloudflare.com\u002Fpolyfill\u002Fv3\u002Fpolyfill.min.js?features=es6",body:h,async:h},{src:"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnjs.cloudflare.com\u002Fajax\u002Flibs\u002Fmathjax\u002F2.7.1\u002FMathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML",body:h,async:h},{src:"https:\u002F\u002Fd1bxh8uas1mnw7.cloudfront.net\u002Fassets\u002Faltmetric_badges-f0bc9b243ff5677d05460c1eb71834ca998946d764eb3bc244ab4b18ba50d21e.js",body:h,async:h},{src:"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.altmetric.com\u002Fv1\u002Fdoi\u002F10.3389\u002Ffped.2020.00547?callback=_altmetric.embed_callback&domain=www.frontiersin.org&key=3c130976ca2b8f2e88f8377633751ba1&cache_until=14-15",body:h,async:h},{src:"https:\u002F\u002Fwidgets.figshare.com\u002Fstatic\u002Ffigshare.js",body:h,async:h},{src:"https:\u002F\u002Fcrossmark-cdn.crossref.org\u002Fwidget\u002Fv2.0\u002Fwidget.js",body:h,async:h}]},articleHubArticlesList:[],showCrossmarkWidget:h,hasSupplementalData:l,isPreviewArticlePage:l,settingsFeaturesSwitchers:{displayTitlePillLabels:h,displayRelatedArticlesBox:h,showEditors:h,showReviewers:h,showLoopImpactLink:h},tenantConfig:{spaceId:c,name:C,availableJournalPages:[aZ,a_,a$,"volumes","about"]},components:{ibar:{tenantLogo:e,journalLogo:e,aboutUs:[{title:"Who we are",links:[{text:"Mission and values",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fmission",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"History",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fhistory",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Leadership",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fleadership",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Awards",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fawards",target:g,ariaLabel:f}]},{title:"Impact and progress",links:[{text:"Frontiers' impact",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fimpact",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Progress Report 2022",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fprogressreport.frontiersin.org\u002F?utm_source=fweb&utm_medium=frep&utm_campaign=pr20",target:k,ariaLabel:f},{text:"All progress reports",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fprogress-reports",target:g,ariaLabel:f}]},{title:"Publishing model",links:[{text:ba,url:bb,target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Open access",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fopen-access",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:bc,url:bd,target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Peer review",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fpeer-review",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Research integrity",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fresearch-integrity",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:be,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fresearch-topics",target:g,ariaLabel:f}]},{title:"Services",links:[{text:"Societies",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fpublishingpartnerships.frontiersin.org\u002F",target:k,ariaLabel:f},{text:"National consortia",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fopen-access-agreements\u002Fconsortia",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Institutional partnerships",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fopen-access-agreements",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Collaborators",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fcollaborators",target:g,ariaLabel:f}]},{title:"More from Frontiers",links:[{text:"Frontiers Forum",url:bf,target:k,ariaLabel:"this link will take you to the Frontiers Forum website"},{text:bg,url:bh,target:k,ariaLabel:bi},{text:"Press office",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fpressoffice.frontiersin.org\u002F",target:k,ariaLabel:"this link will take you to the Frontiers press office website"},{text:"Sustainability",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.orgabout\u002Fsustainability",target:g,ariaLabel:"link to information about Frontiers' sustainability"},{text:bj,url:bk,target:k,ariaLabel:"this link will take you to the Frontiers careers website"},{text:"Contact us",url:bl,target:g,ariaLabel:"this link will take you to the help pages to contact our support team"}]}],submitUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fsubmission\u002Fsubmit?domainid=2&fieldid=61&specialtyid=0&entitytype=2&entityid=606",showSubmitButton:h,journal:{id:w,name:t,slug:x,sections:[{id:621,name:"Children and Health",slug:"children-and-health"},{id:1273,name:"General Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency Care",slug:"general-pediatrics-and-pediatric-emergency-care"},{id:635,name:"Genetics of Common and Rare Diseases",slug:"genetics-of-common-and-rare-diseases"},{id:634,name:"Neonatology",slug:"neonatology"},{id:196,name:"Obstetric and Pediatric Pharmacology",slug:"obstetric-and-pediatric-pharmacology"},{id:613,name:"Pediatric Cardiology",slug:"pediatric-cardiology"},{id:641,name:"Pediatric Critical Care",slug:"pediatric-critical-care"},{id:124,name:"Pediatric Endocrinology",slug:"pediatric-endocrinology"},{id:642,name:"Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition",slug:"pediatric-gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition"},{id:1280,name:"Pediatric Hematology and Hematological Malignancies",slug:"pediatric-hematology-and-hematological-malignancies"},{id:791,name:"Pediatric Immunology",slug:"pediatric-immunology"},{id:as,name:at,slug:au},{id:643,name:"Pediatric Nephrology",slug:"pediatric-nephrology"},{id:161,name:"Pediatric Neurology",slug:"pediatric-neurology"},{id:2604,name:"Pediatric Obesity",slug:"pediatric-obesity"},{id:2614,name:"Pediatric Occupational Therapy",slug:"pediatric-occupational-therapy"},{id:509,name:"Pediatric Oncology",slug:"pediatric-oncology"},{id:1044,name:"Pediatric Orthopedics",slug:"pediatric-orthopedics"},{id:647,name:"Pediatric Otolaryngology",slug:"pediatric-otolaryngology"},{id:682,name:"Pediatric Pulmonology",slug:"pediatric-pulmonology"},{id:1750,name:"Pediatric Rheumatology",slug:"pediatric-rheumatology"},{id:622,name:"Pediatric Surgery",slug:"pediatric-surgery"},{id:684,name:"Pediatric Urology",slug:"pediatric-urology"},{id:3397,name:"Social Pediatrics",slug:"social-pediatrics"}]},sectionTerm:"Sections",aboutJournal:[{title:"Scope",links:[{text:"Field chief editors",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fpediatrics\u002Fabout#about-editors",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Mission & scope",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fpediatrics\u002Fabout#about-scope",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Facts",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fpediatrics\u002Fabout#about-facts",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Journal sections",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fpediatrics\u002Fabout#about-submission",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Open access statement",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fpediatrics\u002Fabout#about-open",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Copyright statement",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fpediatrics\u002Fabout#copyright-statement",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Quality",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fpediatrics\u002Fabout#about-quality",target:g,ariaLabel:f}]},{title:"For authors",links:[{text:"Why submit?",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fpediatrics\u002Ffor-authors\u002Fwhy-submit",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Article types",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fpediatrics\u002Ffor-authors\u002Farticle-types",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:bm,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fpediatrics\u002Ffor-authors\u002Fauthor-guidelines",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:bn,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fpediatrics\u002Ffor-authors\u002Feditor-guidelines",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Publishing fees",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fpediatrics\u002Ffor-authors\u002Fpublishing-fees",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Submission checklist",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fpediatrics\u002Ffor-authors\u002Fsubmission-checklist",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Contact editorial office",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fpediatrics\u002Ffor-authors\u002Fcontact-editorial-office",target:g,ariaLabel:f}]}],mainLinks:[{text:"All journals",url:bo,target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"All articles",url:bp,target:g,ariaLabel:f}],journalLinks:[{text:bq,url:aZ,target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:be,url:a$,target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Editorial board",url:a_,target:g,ariaLabel:f}],helpCenterLink:{text:D,url:br,target:k,ariaLabel:D}},footer:{blocks:[{title:"Guidelines",links:[{text:bm,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fguidelines\u002Fauthor-guidelines",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:bn,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fguidelines\u002Feditor-guidelines",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Policies and publication ethics",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fguidelines\u002Fpolicies-and-publication-ethics",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:bc,url:bd,target:g,ariaLabel:f}]},{title:"Explore",links:[{text:bq,url:bp,target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Research Topics ",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fresearch-topics",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Journals",url:bo,target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:ba,url:bb,target:g,ariaLabel:f}]},{title:"Outreach",links:[{text:"Frontiers Forum ",url:bf,target:k,ariaLabel:"Frontiers Forum website"},{text:"Frontiers Policy Labs ",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fpolicylabs.frontiersin.org\u002F",target:k,ariaLabel:f},{text:bs,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fkids.frontiersin.org\u002F",target:k,ariaLabel:"Frontiers for Young Minds journal"},{text:bg,url:bh,target:k,ariaLabel:bi}]},{title:"Connect",links:[{text:D,url:br,target:k,ariaLabel:D},{text:"Emails and alerts ",url:"https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fsettings\u002Femail-preferences?a=publishers",target:k,ariaLabel:"Subscribe to Frontiers emails"},{text:"Contact us ",url:bl,target:g,ariaLabel:"Subscribe to newsletter"},{text:"Submit",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fsubmission\u002Fsubmit",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:bj,url:bk,target:k,ariaLabel:f}]}],socialLinks:[{link:{text:bt,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002FFrontiersin",target:k,ariaLabel:bt},type:E,color:F,icon:"Facebook",size:G,hiddenText:h},{link:{text:"Frontiers Twitter",url:"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Ffrontiersin",target:k,ariaLabel:f},type:E,color:F,icon:"Twitter",size:G,hiddenText:h},{link:{text:"Frontiers LinkedIn",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Fcompany\u002Ffrontiers",target:k,ariaLabel:f},type:E,color:F,icon:"LinkedIn",size:G,hiddenText:h},{link:{text:"Frontiers Instagram",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.instagram.com\u002Ffrontiersin_",target:k,ariaLabel:f},type:E,color:F,icon:"Instagram",size:G,hiddenText:h}],copyright:"Frontiers Media S.A. All rights reserved",termsAndConditionsUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Flegal\u002Fterms-and-conditions",privacyPolicyUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Flegal\u002Fprivacy-policy"},newsletterComponent:f,snackbarItems:[]},mainHeader:{title:e,image:L,breadcrumbs:[],linksCollection:{total:n,items:[]},metricsCollection:{total:n,items:[]}},user:{loggedUserInfo:L},journals:[{id:bu,name:bv,slug:bw,abbreviation:bx,space:{id:i,domainName:j,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2445,name:bv,slug:bw,abbreviation:bx,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:A,name:"Test SSPH Journal",slug:"test-ssph-journal",abbreviation:"testjournal",space:{id:v,domainName:H,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:by,name:"TEST ALF Journal",slug:"test-alf-journal",abbreviation:"talfj",space:{id:z,domainName:N,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:i,name:bz,slug:bA,abbreviation:bB,space:{id:i,domainName:j,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2360,name:bz,slug:bA,abbreviation:bB,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:c,name:"Smoke Test Field",slug:"smoke-test-field",abbreviation:"FJST",space:{id:O,domainName:bC,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:by,name:bD,slug:bE,abbreviation:bF,space:{id:v,domainName:H,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2077,name:bD,slug:bE,abbreviation:bF,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:A,name:bG,slug:bH,abbreviation:bI,space:{id:z,domainName:N,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:A,name:bG,slug:bH,abbreviation:bI,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:bJ,name:bK,slug:bL,abbreviation:bM,space:{id:i,domainName:j,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3776,name:bK,slug:bL,abbreviation:bM,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:bN,name:bO,slug:bP,abbreviation:bQ,space:{id:i,domainName:j,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3765,name:bO,slug:bP,abbreviation:bQ,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:14,name:bR,slug:bS,abbreviation:bT,space:{id:i,domainName:j,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3414,name:bR,slug:bS,abbreviation:bT,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:av,name:bU,slug:bV,abbreviation:bW,space:{id:i,domainName:j,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3754,name:bU,slug:bV,abbreviation:bW,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:O,name:bX,slug:bY,abbreviation:bZ,space:{id:i,domainName:j,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2444,name:bX,slug:bY,abbreviation:bZ,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:b_,name:b$,slug:ca,abbreviation:cb,space:{id:v,domainName:H,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:b_,name:b$,slug:ca,abbreviation:cb,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:i,name:"GSL Test",slug:"gsl-test",abbreviation:"gslt",space:{id:o,domainName:P,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2356,name:"Frontiers in the Internet of Things",slug:"the-internet-of-things",abbreviation:"friot",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:656,name:"Frontiers in Zoological Science",slug:"zoological-science",abbreviation:"fzoos",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1720,name:"Frontiers in Zoological Research",slug:"zoological-research",abbreviation:"fzolr",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3162,name:"Frontiers in Wound Care",slug:"wound-care",abbreviation:"fwoca",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3136,name:"Frontiers in Worm Science",slug:"worm-science",abbreviation:"fwors",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3583,name:"Frontiers in Wind Energy",slug:"wind-energy",abbreviation:"fwinde",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1451,name:"Frontiers in Water",slug:"water",abbreviation:"frwa",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1561,name:"Frontiers in Virtual Reality",slug:"virtual-reality",abbreviation:"frvir",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2000,name:"Frontiers in Virology",slug:"virology",abbreviation:"fviro",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:649,name:"Frontiers in Veterinary Science",slug:"veterinary-science",abbreviation:"fvets",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2176,name:"Frontiers in Urology",slug:"urology",abbreviation:"fruro",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3099,name:"Frontiers in Tuberculosis",slug:"tuberculosis",abbreviation:"ftubr",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1843,name:"Frontiers in Tropical Diseases",slug:"tropical-diseases",abbreviation:"fitd",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2417,name:"Frontiers in Transplantation",slug:"transplantation",abbreviation:"frtra",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:473,name:"Frontiers in Toxicology",slug:"toxicology",abbreviation:"ftox",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2105,name:"Frontiers in Thermal Engineering",slug:"thermal-engineering",abbreviation:"fther",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3190,name:"Frontiers in The Neurobiology of Pain",slug:"the-neurobiology-of-pain",abbreviation:e,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1967,name:"Frontiers in Test_Field_Science_Archive",slug:"testfieldsciencearchive",abbreviation:"fntesc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1347,name:"Frontiers in Test_Field_Humanities_Archive",slug:"testfieldhumanitiesarchive",abbreviation:"fntes",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3573,name:"Frontiers in Taxonomy",slug:"taxonomy",abbreviation:"Front. Taxon.",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:v,name:"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience",slug:"systems-neuroscience",abbreviation:"fnsys",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1721,name:"Frontiers in Systems Biology",slug:"systems-biology",abbreviation:"fsysb",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3381,name:"Frontiers in Synthetic Biology",slug:"synthetic-biology",abbreviation:"fsybi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:22,name:"Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience",slug:"synaptic-neuroscience",abbreviation:"fnsyn",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2299,name:"Frontiers in Sustainable Tourism",slug:"sustainable-tourism",abbreviation:"frsut",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2483,name:"Frontiers in Sustainable Resource Management",slug:"sustainable-resource-management",abbreviation:"fsrma",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1335,name:"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems",slug:"sustainable-food-systems",abbreviation:"fsufs",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2726,name:"Frontiers in Sustainable Energy Policy",slug:"sustainable-energy-policy",abbreviation:"fsuep",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1468,name:"Frontiers in Sustainable Cities",slug:"sustainable-cities",abbreviation:"frsc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1397,name:"Frontiers in Sustainable Business",slug:"sustainable-business",abbreviation:"fisb",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1547,name:"Frontiers in Sustainability",slug:"sustainability",abbreviation:"frsus",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:604,name:"Frontiers in Surgery",slug:"surgery",abbreviation:"fsurg",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2504,name:"Frontiers in Structural Biology",slug:"structural-biology",abbreviation:"frsbi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2497,name:"Frontiers in Stroke",slug:"stroke",abbreviation:"fstro",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3434,name:"Frontiers in Stem Cells",slug:"stem-cells",abbreviation:"fstce",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1482,name:"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living",slug:"sports-and-active-living",abbreviation:"fspor",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1695,name:"Frontiers in Space Technologies",slug:"space-technologies",abbreviation:"frspt",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3519,name:"Frontiers in Solar Energy",slug:"solar-energy",abbreviation:"fsoln",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1718,name:"Frontiers in Soil Science",slug:"soil-science",abbreviation:"fsoil",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2346,name:"Frontiers in Soft Matter",slug:"soft-matter",abbreviation:"frsfm",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1213,name:"Frontiers in Sociology",slug:"sociology",abbreviation:"fsoc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:Q,name:"Frontiers in Society Journal Archive",slug:"society-journal-archive",abbreviation:R,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2690,name:"Frontiers in Social Psychology",slug:"social-psychology",abbreviation:"frsps",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2819,name:"Frontiers in Smart Grids",slug:"smart-grids",abbreviation:"frsgr",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2288,name:"Frontiers in Sleep",slug:"sleep",abbreviation:"frsle",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2552,name:"Frontiers in Skin Cancer",slug:"skin-cancer",abbreviation:"fskcr",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1786,name:"Frontiers in Signal Processing",slug:"signal-processing",abbreviation:"frsip",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1704,name:"Frontiers in Sensors",slug:"sensors",abbreviation:"fsens",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:v,name:"Frontiers in Science archive",slug:"science-archive",abbreviation:I,space:{id:i,domainName:j,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3737,name:"Frontiers in Science Diplomacy",slug:"science-diplomacy",abbreviation:"fsdip",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2766,name:"Frontiers in Science",slug:"science",abbreviation:"fsci",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:657,name:"Frontiers in Robotics and AI",slug:"robotics-and-ai",abbreviation:"frobt",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1606,name:"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics",slug:"research-metrics-and-analytics",abbreviation:"frma",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1479,name:"Frontiers in Reproductive Health",slug:"reproductive-health",abbreviation:"frph",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1830,name:"Frontiers in Remote Sensing",slug:"remote-sensing",abbreviation:"frsen",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:659,name:"Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences",slug:"rehabilitation-sciences",abbreviation:"fresc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3550,name:"Frontiers in Regenerative Medicine",slug:"regenerative-medicine",abbreviation:"fregm",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1949,name:"Frontiers in Radiology",slug:"radiology",abbreviation:"fradi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3189,name:"Frontiers in RNA Research",slug:"rna-research",abbreviation:"frnar",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2306,name:"Frontiers in Quantum Science and Technology",slug:"quantum-science-and-technology",abbreviation:"frqst",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:Q,name:"Frontiers in Public Health Archive",slug:"public-health-archive",abbreviation:R,space:{id:v,domainName:H,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:609,name:"Frontiers in Public Health",slug:"public-health",abbreviation:"fpubh",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:36,name:"Frontiers in Psychology",slug:"psychology",abbreviation:"fpsyg",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:71,name:"Frontiers in Psychiatry",slug:"psychiatry",abbreviation:"fpsyt",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3267,name:"Frontiers in Protistology",slug:"protistology",abbreviation:"frpro",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2452,name:"Frontiers in Proteomics",slug:"proteomics",abbreviation:"fprot",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3171,name:"Frontiers in Prosthetics and Orthotics",slug:"prosthetics-and-orthotics",abbreviation:"fpror ",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3643,name:"Frontiers in Polymer Science",slug:"polymer-science",abbreviation:"fplms",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1558,name:"Frontiers in Political Science",slug:"political-science",abbreviation:"fpos",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3615,name:"Frontiers in Polar Science",slug:"polar-science",abbreviation:"fposc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:373,name:"Frontiers in Plant Science",slug:"plant-science",abbreviation:"fpls",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3477,name:"Frontiers in Plant Physiology",slug:"plant-physiology",abbreviation:"fphgy",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3589,name:"Frontiers in Plant Genomics",slug:"plant-genomics",abbreviation:"fpgen",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3579,name:"Frontiers in Plant Ecology",slug:"plant-ecology",abbreviation:"fpley",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:210,name:"Frontiers in Physiology",slug:"physiology",abbreviation:"fphys",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:616,name:"Frontiers in Physics",slug:"physics",abbreviation:"fphy",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1803,name:"Frontiers in Photonics",slug:"photonics",abbreviation:"fphot",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3604,name:"Frontiers in Photobiology",slug:"photobiology",abbreviation:"fphbi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:176,name:"Frontiers in Pharmacology",slug:"pharmacology",abbreviation:"fphar",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3388,name:"Frontiers in Personality Disorders",slug:"personality-disorders",abbreviation:"fprsd",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:w,name:t,slug:x,abbreviation:W,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2554,name:"Frontiers in Pediatric Dermatology",slug:"pediatric-dermatology",abbreviation:"fpdm",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:Q,name:"Frontiers in Pathology and Oncology Archive",slug:"pathology-and-oncology-archive",abbreviation:R,space:{id:z,domainName:N,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:610,name:cc,slug:cd,abbreviation:ce,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3351,name:cc,slug:cd,abbreviation:ce,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2705,name:"Frontiers in Parasitology",slug:"parasitology",abbreviation:"fpara",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1727,name:"Frontiers in Pain Research",slug:"pain-research",abbreviation:"fpain",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2679,name:"Frontiers in Organizational Psychology",slug:"organizational-psychology",abbreviation:"forgp",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1702,name:"Frontiers in Oral Health",slug:"oral-health",abbreviation:"froh",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2232,name:"Frontiers in Ophthalmology",slug:"ophthalmology",abbreviation:"fopht",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:451,name:"Frontiers in Oncology",slug:"oncology",abbreviation:"fonc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3123,name:"Frontiers in Ocean Sustainability",slug:"ocean-sustainability",abbreviation:"focsu",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2612,name:"Frontiers in Occupational Therapy",slug:"occupational-therapy",abbreviation:"froct",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:628,name:"Frontiers in Nutrition",slug:"nutrition",abbreviation:"fnut",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2062,name:"Frontiers in Nuclear Medicine",slug:"nuclear-medicine",abbreviation:"fnume",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2172,name:"Frontiers in Nuclear Engineering",slug:"nuclear-engineering",abbreviation:"fnuen",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:c,name:"Frontiers in Neuroscience",slug:"neuroscience",abbreviation:"fnins",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:cf,name:"Frontiers in Neurorobotics",slug:"neurorobotics",abbreviation:"fnbot",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3056,name:"Frontiers in Neuropsychiatry",slug:"neuropsychiatry",abbreviation:"fnpsy",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:141,name:"Frontiers in Neurology",slug:"neurology",abbreviation:"fneur",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:cg,name:"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics",slug:"neuroinformatics",abbreviation:"fninf",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3283,name:"Frontiers in Neuroinflammation",slug:"neuroinflammation",abbreviation:"fnein",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1973,name:"Frontiers in Neuroimaging",slug:"neuroimaging",abbreviation:"fnimg",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1833,name:"Frontiers in Neuroergonomics",slug:"neuroergonomics",abbreviation:"fnrgo",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:M,name:"Frontiers in Neuroengineering",slug:"neuroengineering",abbreviation:"fneng",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:ch,name:"Frontiers in Neuroenergetics",slug:"neuroenergetics",abbreviation:"fnene",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:z,name:"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy",slug:"neuroanatomy",abbreviation:"fnana",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:bN,name:"Frontiers in Neural Circuits",slug:"neural-circuits",abbreviation:"fncir",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2021,name:"Frontiers in Network Physiology",slug:"network-physiology",abbreviation:"fnetp",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3130,name:"Frontiers in Network Neuroscience",slug:"network-neuroscience",abbreviation:"fnnsc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2357,name:"Frontiers in Nephrology",slug:"nephrology",abbreviation:"fneph",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2320,name:"Frontiers in Natural Products",slug:"natural-products",abbreviation:"fntpr",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1528,name:"Frontiers in Nanotechnology",slug:"nanotechnology",abbreviation:"fnano",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2882,name:"Frontiers in Musculoskeletal Disorders",slug:"musculoskeletal-disorders",abbreviation:"fmscd",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3275,name:"Frontiers in Multiple Sclerosis",slug:"multiple-sclerosis",abbreviation:"fmscr",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3152,name:"Frontiers in Mollusk Science",slug:"mollusk-science",abbreviation:"fmlsc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2031,name:"Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience",slug:"molecular-neuroscience",abbreviation:"fnmol",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2086,name:"Frontiers in Molecular Medicine",slug:"molecular-medicine",abbreviation:"fmmed",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:698,name:"Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences",slug:"molecular-biosciences",abbreviation:"fmolb",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2807,name:"Frontiers in Microbiomes",slug:"microbiomes",abbreviation:"frmbi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:310,name:"Frontiers in Microbiology",slug:"microbiology",abbreviation:"fmicb",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2327,name:"Frontiers in Metals and Alloys",slug:"metals-and-alloys",abbreviation:"ftmal",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2307,name:"Frontiers in Membrane Science and Technology",slug:"membrane-science-and-technology",abbreviation:"frmst",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:602,name:"Frontiers in Medicine",slug:T,abbreviation:"fmed",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1573,name:"Frontiers in Medical Technology",slug:"medical-technology",abbreviation:"fmedt",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3135,name:"Frontiers in Medical Engineering",slug:"medical-engineering",abbreviation:"fmede",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:950,name:"Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering",slug:"mechanical-engineering",abbreviation:"fmech",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:608,name:"Frontiers in Materials",slug:"materials",abbreviation:"fmats",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:655,name:"Frontiers in Marine Science",slug:"marine-science",abbreviation:"fmars",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2100,name:"Frontiers in Manufacturing Technology",slug:"manufacturing-technology",abbreviation:"fmtec",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2931,name:"Frontiers in Mammal Science",slug:"mammal-science",abbreviation:"fmamm",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2896,name:"Frontiers in Malaria",slug:"malaria",abbreviation:"fmala",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3107,name:"Frontiers in Lupus",slug:"lupus",abbreviation:"flupu",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:435,name:"Frontiers in Linguistics",slug:"linguistics",abbreviation:"fling",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2636,name:"Frontiers in Language Sciences",slug:"language-sciences",abbreviation:"flang",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2670,name:"Frontiers in Lab on a Chip Technologies",slug:"lab-on-a-chip-technologies",abbreviation:"frlct",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:ci,name:"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience",slug:"integrative-neuroscience",abbreviation:"fnint",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1723,name:"Frontiers in Insect Science",slug:"insect-science",abbreviation:"finsc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3093,name:"Frontiers in Influenza",slug:"influenza",abbreviation:"finfl",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3073,name:"Frontiers in Inflammation",slug:"inflammation",abbreviation:"finmn",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3200,name:"Frontiers in Industrial Microbiology",slug:"industrial-microbiology",abbreviation:"finmi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3291,name:"Frontiers in Industrial Engineering",slug:"industrial-engineering",abbreviation:"fieng",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2765,name:"Frontiers in Impact Journals",slug:"impact-journals",abbreviation:e,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3078,name:"Frontiers in Immunotherapeutics",slug:"immunotherapeutics",abbreviation:"fimms",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:276,name:"Frontiers in Immunology",slug:"immunology",abbreviation:"fimmu",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2379,name:"Frontiers in Imaging",slug:"imaging",abbreviation:"fimag",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:629,name:"Frontiers in ICT",slug:"ict",abbreviation:"fict",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:16,name:"Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences Archive",slug:"humanities-and-social-sciences-archive",abbreviation:I,space:{id:i,domainName:j,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3759,name:"Frontiers in Human Rights",slug:"human-rights",abbreviation:e,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1588,name:"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience",slug:"human-neuroscience",abbreviation:"fnhum",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1533,name:"Frontiers in Human Dynamics",slug:"human-dynamics",abbreviation:"fhumd",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2733,name:"Frontiers in Horticulture",slug:"horticulture",abbreviation:"fhort",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3316,name:"Frontiers in Histology",slug:"histology",abbreviation:"frhis",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2378,name:"Frontiers in High Performance Computing",slug:"high-performance-computing",abbreviation:"fhpcp",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2456,name:"Frontiers in Hematology",slug:"hematology",abbreviation:"frhem",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2063,name:"Frontiers in Health Services",slug:"health-services",abbreviation:"frhs",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:z,name:"Frontiers in Health Archive",slug:"health-archive",abbreviation:I,space:{id:i,domainName:j,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3508,name:"Frontiers in Green Chemistry",slug:"green-chemistry",abbreviation:"fgrch",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1728,name:"Frontiers in Global Women's Health",slug:"global-womens-health",abbreviation:"fgwh",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2918,name:"Frontiers in Geochemistry",slug:"geochemistry",abbreviation:"fgeoc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1540,name:"Frontiers in Genome Editing",slug:"genome-editing",abbreviation:"fgeed",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:240,name:"Frontiers in Genetics",slug:"genetics",abbreviation:"fgene",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3496,name:"Frontiers in Genetic Microbiology",slug:"genetic-microbiology",abbreviation:"fgemi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3227,name:"Frontiers in Genetic Disorders",slug:"genetic-disorders",abbreviation:"frged",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2333,name:"Frontiers in Gastroenterology",slug:"gastroenterology",abbreviation:"fgstr",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1529,name:"Frontiers in Future Transportation",slug:"future-transportation",abbreviation:"ffutr",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1725,name:"Frontiers in Fungal Biology",slug:"fungal-biology",abbreviation:"ffunb",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2826,name:"Frontiers in Fuels",slug:"fuels",abbreviation:"ffuel",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3207,name:"Frontiers in Freshwater Science",slug:"freshwater-science",abbreviation:"ffwsc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1366,name:"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change",slug:"forests-and-global-change",abbreviation:"ffgc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2689,name:"Frontiers in Forensic Science",slug:"forensic-science",abbreviation:e,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2289,name:"Frontiers in Food Science and Technology",slug:"food-science-and-technology",abbreviation:"frfst",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3559,name:"Frontiers in Fluorescence",slug:"fluorescence",abbreviation:"fflur",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2987,name:"Frontiers in Fish Science",slug:"fish-science",abbreviation:"frish",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3489,name:"Frontiers in Fire Science and Technology",slug:"fire-science-and-technology",abbreviation:"firtc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2749,name:"Frontiers in Financial Economics",slug:"financial-economics",abbreviation:"ffecn",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:c,name:"Frontiers in FSHIP Test Journal",slug:"fship-test-journal",abbreviation:"ftest",space:{id:i,domainName:j,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:bJ,name:"Frontiers in Evolutionary Neuroscience",slug:"evolutionary-neuroscience",abbreviation:"fnevo",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2955,name:"Frontiers in Ethology",slug:"ethology",abbreviation:"fetho",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3032,name:"Frontiers in Epigenetics and Epigenomics",slug:"epigenetics-and-epigenomics",abbreviation:"freae",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2394,name:"Frontiers in Epidemiology",slug:"epidemiology",abbreviation:"fepid",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3450,name:"Frontiers in Environmental Toxicology",slug:"environmental-toxicology",abbreviation:"fentx",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:627,name:"Frontiers in Environmental Science",slug:"environmental-science",abbreviation:"fenvs",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2888,name:"Frontiers in Environmental Health",slug:"environmental-health",abbreviation:"fenvh",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2851,name:"Frontiers in Environmental Engineering",slug:"environmental-engineering",abbreviation:"fenve",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2547,name:"Frontiers in Environmental Economics",slug:"environmental-economics",abbreviation:"frevc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1697,name:"Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry",slug:"environmental-chemistry",abbreviation:"fenvc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2756,name:"Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology",slug:"environmental-archaeology",abbreviation:"fearc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:15,name:"Frontiers in Engineering archive",slug:"engineering-archive",abbreviation:I,space:{id:i,domainName:j,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:626,name:"Frontiers in Energy Research",slug:"energy-research",abbreviation:"fenrg",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3115,name:"Frontiers in Energy Efficiency",slug:"energy-efficiency",abbreviation:"fenef",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:106,name:"Frontiers in Endocrinology",slug:"endocrinology",abbreviation:"fendo",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1696,name:"Frontiers in Electronics",slug:"electronics",abbreviation:"felec",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1800,name:"Frontiers in Electronic Materials",slug:"electronic-materials",abbreviation:"femat",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2998,name:"Frontiers in Educational Psychology",slug:"educational-psychology",abbreviation:"fepys",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1239,name:"Frontiers in Education",slug:"education",abbreviation:"feduc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:625,name:"Frontiers in Economics",slug:"economics",abbreviation:"fecon",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:471,name:"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution",slug:"ecology-and-evolution",abbreviation:"fevo",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:c,name:"Frontiers in Earth Science Archive",slug:"earth-science-archive",abbreviation:"gslfj",space:{id:o,domainName:P,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:654,name:"Frontiers in Earth Science",slug:"earth-science",abbreviation:"feart",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3309,name:"Frontiers in Earth Observation and Land Monitoring",slug:"earth-observation-and-land-monitoring",abbreviation:"feolm",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2161,name:"Frontiers in Drug Safety and Regulation",slug:"drug-safety-and-regulation",abbreviation:"fdsfr",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2137,name:"Frontiers in Drug Discovery",slug:"drug-discovery",abbreviation:"fddsv",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2136,name:"Frontiers in Drug Delivery",slug:"drug-delivery",abbreviation:"fddev",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2775,name:"Frontiers in Disaster and Emergency Medicine",slug:"disaster-and-emergency-medicine",abbreviation:"femer",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:788,name:"Frontiers in Digital Humanities",slug:"digital-humanities",abbreviation:"fdigh",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1534,name:"Frontiers in Digital Health",slug:"digital-health",abbreviation:"fdgth",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2999,name:"Frontiers in Developmental Psychology",slug:"developmental-psychology",abbreviation:"fdpys",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2873,name:"Frontiers in Detector Science and Technology",slug:"detector-science-and-technology",abbreviation:"fdest",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3611,name:"Frontiers in Design Engineering",slug:"design-engineering",abbreviation:"fdese",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2550,name:"Frontiers in Dermatological Research",slug:"dermatological-research",abbreviation:"fdmre",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:607,name:"Frontiers in Dental Medicine",slug:"dental-medicine",abbreviation:"fdmed",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2597,name:"Frontiers in Dementia",slug:"dementia",abbreviation:"frdem",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1785,name:"Frontiers in Control Engineering",slug:"control-engineering",abbreviation:"fcteg",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1724,name:"Frontiers in Conservation Science",slug:"conservation-science",abbreviation:"fcosc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3454,name:"Frontiers in Condensed Matter",slug:"condensed-matter",abbreviation:"fconm",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1511,name:"Frontiers in Computer Science",slug:"computer-science",abbreviation:"fcomp",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3566,name:"Frontiers in Computational Physiology",slug:"computational-physiology",abbreviation:"fcphy",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:bu,name:"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience",slug:"computational-neuroscience",abbreviation:"fncom",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3234,name:"Frontiers in Complex Systems",slug:"complex-systems",abbreviation:"fcpxs",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1787,name:"Frontiers in Communications and Networks",slug:"communications-and-networks",abbreviation:"frcmn",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1238,name:"Frontiers in Communication",slug:"communication",abbreviation:"fcomm",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2535,name:"Frontiers in Cognition",slug:"cognition",abbreviation:"fcogn",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2857,name:"Frontiers in Coatings, Dyes and Interface Engineering",slug:"coatings-dyes-and-interface-engineering",abbreviation:"frcdi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3222,name:"Frontiers in Clinical Microbiology",slug:"clinical-microbiology",abbreviation:"fclmi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1729,name:"Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare",slug:"clinical-diabetes-and-healthcare",abbreviation:"fcdhc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2551,name:"Frontiers in Clinical Dermatology",slug:"clinical-dermatology",abbreviation:"fcldm",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1490,name:"Frontiers in Climate",slug:"climate",abbreviation:"fclim",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3338,name:"Frontiers in Chromosome Research",slug:"chromosome-research",abbreviation:e,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2587,name:"Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry",slug:"child-and-adolescent-psychiatry",abbreviation:"frcha",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:601,name:"Frontiers in Chemistry",slug:"chemistry",abbreviation:"fchem",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1532,name:"Frontiers in Chemical Engineering",slug:"chemical-engineering",abbreviation:"fceng",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3038,name:"Frontiers in Chemical Biology",slug:"chemical-biology",abbreviation:"fchbi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3322,name:"Frontiers in Ceramics",slug:"ceramics",abbreviation:"fceic",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1440,name:"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology",slug:"cellular-and-infection-microbiology",abbreviation:"fcimb",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1523,name:"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience",slug:"cellular-neuroscience",abbreviation:"fncel",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3084,name:"Frontiers in Cellular Immunology",slug:"cellular-immunology",abbreviation:"fcimy",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:403,name:"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology",slug:"cell-and-developmental-biology",abbreviation:"fcell",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3178,name:"Frontiers in Cell Signaling",slug:"cell-signaling",abbreviation:"fcsig",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2655,name:"Frontiers in Cell Death",slug:"cell-death",abbreviation:"fceld",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1901,name:"Frontiers in Catalysis",slug:"catalysis",abbreviation:"fctls",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:755,name:"Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine",slug:"cardiovascular-medicine",abbreviation:"fcvm",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2662,name:"Frontiers in Carbon",slug:"carbon",abbreviation:"frcrb",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3513,name:"Frontiers in Cancer Interception",slug:"cancer-interception",abbreviation:"fcint",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3433,name:"Frontiers in Cancer Control and Society",slug:"cancer-control-and-society",abbreviation:"fcacs",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:921,name:"Frontiers in Built Environment",slug:"built-environment",abbreviation:"fbuil",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1418,name:"Frontiers in Blockchain",slug:"blockchain",abbreviation:"fbloc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2971,name:"Frontiers in Bird Science",slug:"bird-science",abbreviation:"fbirs",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3300,name:"Frontiers in Biophysics",slug:"biophysics",abbreviation:"frbis",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2222,name:"Frontiers in Biomaterials Science",slug:"biomaterials-science",abbreviation:"fbiom",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1722,name:"Frontiers in Bioinformatics",slug:"bioinformatics",abbreviation:"fbinf",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:452,name:"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology",slug:"bioengineering-and-biotechnology",abbreviation:"fbioe",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1380,name:"Frontiers in Big Data",slug:"big-data",abbreviation:"fdata",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1589,name:"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience",slug:"behavioral-neuroscience",abbreviation:"fnbeh",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2432,name:"Frontiers in Behavioral Economics",slug:"behavioral-economics",abbreviation:"frbhe",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2796,name:"Frontiers in Bee Science",slug:"bee-science",abbreviation:"frbee",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3214,name:"Frontiers in Batteries and Electrochemistry",slug:"batteries-and-electrochemistry",abbreviation:"fbael",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3011,name:"Frontiers in Bacteriology",slug:"bacteriology",abbreviation:"fbrio",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3040,name:"Frontiers in Audiology and Otology",slug:"audiology-and-otology",abbreviation:"fauot",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:603,name:"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences",slug:"astronomy-and-space-sciences",abbreviation:"fspas",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1437,name:"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence",slug:"artificial-intelligence",abbreviation:"frai",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2940,name:"Frontiers in Arachnid Science",slug:"arachnid-science",abbreviation:"frchs",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2834,name:"Frontiers in Aquaculture",slug:"aquaculture",abbreviation:"faquc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:981,name:"Frontiers in Applied Mathematics and Statistics",slug:"applied-mathematics-and-statistics",abbreviation:"fams",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3417,name:"Frontiers in Applied Environmental Microbiology",slug:"applied-environmental-microbiology",abbreviation:"faemi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2714,name:"Frontiers in Antibiotics",slug:"antibiotics",abbreviation:"frabi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3443,name:"Frontiers in Anti-Cancer Therapies",slug:"anti-cancer-therapies",abbreviation:"facth",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3253,name:"Frontiers in Antennas and Propagation",slug:"antennas-and-propagation",abbreviation:"fanpr",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1719,name:"Frontiers in Animal Science",slug:"animal-science",abbreviation:"fanim",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2513,name:"Frontiers in Anesthesiology",slug:"anesthesiology",abbreviation:"fanes",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1989,name:"Frontiers in Analytical Science",slug:"analytical-science",abbreviation:"frans",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2909,name:"Frontiers in Amphibian and Reptile Science",slug:"amphibian-and-reptile-science",abbreviation:"famrs",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1705,name:"Frontiers in Allergy",slug:"allergy",abbreviation:"falgy",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1541,name:"Frontiers in Agronomy",slug:"agronomy",abbreviation:"fagro",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3631,name:"Frontiers in Agricultural Engineering",slug:"agricultural-engineering",abbreviation:"faeng",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2477,name:"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience",slug:"aging-neuroscience",abbreviation:"fnagi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1566,name:"Frontiers in Aging",slug:"aging",abbreviation:"fragi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2449,name:"Frontiers in Aerospace Engineering",slug:"aerospace-engineering",abbreviation:"fpace",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2195,name:"Frontiers in Adolescent Medicine",slug:"adolescent-medicine",abbreviation:"fradm",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3426,name:"Frontiers in Acoustics",slug:"acoustics",abbreviation:"facou",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:979,name:bs,slug:"frontiers-for-young-minds",abbreviation:"frym",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3260,name:"Frontiers In Ocean Engineering",slug:"frontiers-in-ocean-engineering",abbreviation:"focen",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:cf,name:"FSHIP Test Journal 2",slug:"fship-test-journal-2",abbreviation:"FTJ2",space:{id:i,domainName:j,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:i,name:cj,slug:ck,abbreviation:cl,space:{id:O,domainName:bC,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3746,name:cj,slug:ck,abbreviation:cl,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:cg,name:cm,slug:cn,abbreviation:co,space:{id:i,domainName:j,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3231,name:cm,slug:cn,abbreviation:co,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:o,name:cp,slug:cq,abbreviation:cr,space:{id:o,domainName:P,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2078,name:cp,slug:cq,abbreviation:cr,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:ci,name:cs,slug:ct,abbreviation:cu,space:{id:i,domainName:j,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2359,name:cs,slug:ct,abbreviation:cu,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:aw,name:cv,slug:cw,abbreviation:cx,space:{id:i,domainName:j,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2446,name:cv,slug:cw,abbreviation:cx,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:10,name:cy,slug:cz,abbreviation:cA,space:{id:i,domainName:j,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3230,name:cy,slug:cz,abbreviation:cA,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:o,name:cB,slug:cC,abbreviation:cD,space:{id:i,domainName:j,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2358,name:cB,slug:cC,abbreviation:cD,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3660,name:"Advanced Optical Technologies",slug:"advanced-optical-technologies",abbreviation:"aot",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:ch,name:cE,slug:cF,abbreviation:cG,space:{id:i,domainName:j,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3659,name:cE,slug:cF,abbreviation:cG,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:M,name:cH,slug:cI,abbreviation:"abp",space:{id:i,domainName:j,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3695,name:cH,slug:cI,abbreviation:"ABP",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a}]},serverRendered:h,routePath:"\u002Fjournals\u002Fpediatrics\u002Farticles\u002F10.3389\u002Ffped.2020.00547\u002Ffull",config:{baseUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org",appName:"article-pages-2022",spaceId:c,spaceName:C,domain:d,loopUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org",ssMainDomain:d,googleRecaptchaKeyName:"FrontiersRecaptchaV2",googleRecaptchaSiteKey:"6LdG3i0UAAAAAOC4qUh35ubHgJotEHp_STXHgr_v",linkedArticleCopyText:"'{\"articleTypeCopyText\":[{\"articleTypeId\":0,\"originalArticleCopyText\":\"Part of this article's content has been mentioned in:\",\"linkedArticleCopyText\":\"This article mentions parts of:\"},{\"articleTypeId\":122,\"originalArticleCopyText\":\"Parts of this article's content have been modified or rectified in:\",\"linkedArticleCopyText\":\"This article is an erratum on:\"},{\"articleTypeId\":129,\"originalArticleCopyText\":\"Parts of this article's content have been modified or rectified in:\",\"linkedArticleCopyText\":\"This article is an addendum to:\"},{\"articleTypeId\":128,\"originalArticleCopyText\":\"A correction has been applied to this article in:\",\"linkedArticleCopyText\":\"This article is a correction to:\"},{\"articleTypeId\":134,\"originalArticleCopyText\":\"A retraction of this article was approved in:\",\"linkedArticleCopyText\":\"This article is a retraction of:\"},{\"articleTypeId\":29,\"originalArticleCopyText\":\"A commentary has been posted on this article:\",\"linkedArticleCopyText\":\"This article is a commentary on:\"},{\"articleTypeId\":30,\"originalArticleCopyText\":\"A commentary has been posted on this article:\",\"linkedArticleCopyText\":\"This article is a commentary on:\"}],\"articleIdCopyText\":[]}'\n",articleTypeConfigurableLabel:"\u003C\u003Carticle-type:uppercase\u003E\u003E article",terminologySettings:"'{\"terms\":[{\"sequenceNumber\":1,\"key\":\"frontiers\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Frontiers\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Frontiers\",\"category\":\"Customer\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":2,\"key\":\"submission_system\",\"tenantTerm\":\"submission system\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"submission system\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":3,\"key\":\"public_pages\",\"tenantTerm\":\"public pages\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"public pages\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":4,\"key\":\"my_frontiers\",\"tenantTerm\":\"my frontiers\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"my frontiers\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":5,\"key\":\"digital_editorial_office\",\"tenantTerm\":\"digital editorial office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"digital editorial office\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":6,\"key\":\"deo\",\"tenantTerm\":\"DEO\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"DEO\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":7,\"key\":\"digital_editorial_office_for_chiefs\",\"tenantTerm\":\"digital editorial office for chiefs\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"digital editorial office for chiefs\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":8,\"key\":\"digital_editorial_office_for_eof\",\"tenantTerm\":\"digital editorial office for eof\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"digital editorial office for eof\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":9,\"key\":\"editorial_office\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editorial office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editorial office\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":10,\"key\":\"eof\",\"tenantTerm\":\"EOF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"EOF\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":11,\"key\":\"research_topic_management\",\"tenantTerm\":\"research topic management\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"research topic management\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":12,\"key\":\"review_forum\",\"tenantTerm\":\"review forum\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"review forum\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":13,\"key\":\"accounting_office\",\"tenantTerm\":\"accounting office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"accounting office\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":14,\"key\":\"aof\",\"tenantTerm\":\"AOF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"AOF\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":15,\"key\":\"publishing_office\",\"tenantTerm\":\"publishing office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"publishing office\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":16,\"key\":\"production_office\",\"tenantTerm\":\"production office forum\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"production office forum\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":17,\"key\":\"pof\",\"tenantTerm\":\"POF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"POF\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":18,\"key\":\"book_office_forum\",\"tenantTerm\":\"book office forum\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"book office forum\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":19,\"key\":\"bof\",\"tenantTerm\":\"BOF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"BOF\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":20,\"key\":\"aira\",\"tenantTerm\":\"AIRA\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"AIRA\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":21,\"key\":\"editorial_board_management\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editorial board management\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editorial board management\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":22,\"key\":\"ebm\",\"tenantTerm\":\"EBM\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"EBM\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":23,\"key\":\"domain\",\"tenantTerm\":\"domain\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"domain\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":24,\"key\":\"journal\",\"tenantTerm\":\"journal\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"journal\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":25,\"key\":\"section\",\"tenantTerm\":\"section\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"section\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":26,\"key\":\"domains\",\"tenantTerm\":\"domains\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"domains\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":27,\"key\":\"specialty_section\",\"tenantTerm\":\"specialty section\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"specialty section\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":28,\"key\":\"specialty_journal\",\"tenantTerm\":\"specialty journal\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"specialty journal\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":29,\"key\":\"journals\",\"tenantTerm\":\"journals\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"journals\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":30,\"key\":\"sections\",\"tenantTerm\":\"sections\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"sections\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":31,\"key\":\"specialty_sections\",\"tenantTerm\":\"specialty sections\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"specialty sections\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":32,\"key\":\"specialty_journals\",\"tenantTerm\":\"specialty journals\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"specialty journals\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":33,\"key\":\"manuscript\",\"tenantTerm\":\"manuscript\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"manuscript\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":34,\"key\":\"manuscripts\",\"tenantTerm\":\"manuscripts\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"manuscripts\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":35,\"key\":\"article\",\"tenantTerm\":\"article\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"article\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":36,\"key\":\"articles\",\"tenantTerm\":\"articles\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"articles\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":37,\"key\":\"article_type\",\"tenantTerm\":\"article type\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"article type\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":38,\"key\":\"article_types\",\"tenantTerm\":\"article types\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"article types\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":39,\"key\":\"author\",\"tenantTerm\":\"author\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"author\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":40,\"key\":\"authors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"authors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"authors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":41,\"key\":\"authoring\",\"tenantTerm\":\"authoring\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"authoring\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":42,\"key\":\"authored\",\"tenantTerm\":\"authored\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"authored\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":43,\"key\":\"accept\",\"tenantTerm\":\"accept\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"accept\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":44,\"key\":\"accepted\",\"tenantTerm\":\"accepted\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"accepted\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":45,\"key\":\"assistant_field_chief_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Assistant Field Chief Editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Assistant Field Chief Editor\",\"description\":\"An editorial role on a Field Journal that a Registered User may hold. This gives them rights to different functionality and parts of the platform\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":46,\"key\":\"assistant_specialty_chief_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Assistant Specialty Chief Editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Assistant Specialty Chief Editor\",\"description\":\"An editorial role on a specialty that a Registered User may hold. This gives them rights to different functionality and parts of the platform\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":47,\"key\":\"assistant_specialty_chief_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Assistant Specialty Chief Editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Assistant Specialty Chief Editors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":48,\"key\":\"associate_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Associate Editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Associate Editor\",\"description\":\"An editorial role on a specialty that a Registered User may hold. This gives them rights to different functionality and parts of the platform\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":49,\"key\":\"specialty_chief_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Specialty Chief Editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Specialty Chief Editor\",\"description\":\"An editorial role on a specialty that a Registered User may hold. This gives them rights to different functionality and parts of the platform\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":50,\"key\":\"specialty_chief_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Specialty Chief Editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Specialty Chief Editors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":51,\"key\":\"chief_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Chief Editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Chief Editor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":52,\"key\":\"chief_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Chief Editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Chief Editors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":53,\"key\":\"call_for_participation\",\"tenantTerm\":\"call for participation\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"call for participation\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":54,\"key\":\"citation\",\"tenantTerm\":\"citation\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"citation\",\"category\":\"Misc.\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":55,\"key\":\"citations\",\"tenantTerm\":\"citations\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"citations\",\"category\":\"Misc.\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":56,\"key\":\"contributor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"contributor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"contributor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":57,\"key\":\"contributors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"contributors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"contributors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":58,\"key\":\"corresponding_author\",\"tenantTerm\":\"corresponding author\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"corresponding author\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":59,\"key\":\"corresponding_authors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"corresponding authors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"corresponding authors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":60,\"key\":\"decline\",\"tenantTerm\":\"decline\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"decline\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":61,\"key\":\"declined\",\"tenantTerm\":\"declined\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"declined\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":62,\"key\":\"reject\",\"tenantTerm\":\"reject\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"reject\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":63,\"key\":\"rejected\",\"tenantTerm\":\"rejected\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"rejected\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":64,\"key\":\"publish\",\"tenantTerm\":\"publish\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"publish\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":65,\"key\":\"published\",\"tenantTerm\":\"published\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"published\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":66,\"key\":\"publication\",\"tenantTerm\":\"publication\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"publication\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":67,\"key\":\"peer_review\",\"tenantTerm\":\"peer review\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"peer review\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":68,\"key\":\"peer_reviewed\",\"tenantTerm\":\"peer reviewed\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"peer reviewed\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":69,\"key\":\"initial_validation\",\"tenantTerm\":\"initial validation\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"initial validation\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":70,\"key\":\"editorial_assignment\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editorial assignment\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editorial assignment\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":71,\"key\":\"independent_review\",\"tenantTerm\":\"independent review\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"independent review\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":72,\"key\":\"interactive_review\",\"tenantTerm\":\"interactive review\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"interactive review\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":73,\"key\":\"review\",\"tenantTerm\":\"review\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"review\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":74,\"key\":\"reviewing\",\"tenantTerm\":\"reviewing\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"reviewing\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":75,\"key\":\"reviewer\",\"tenantTerm\":\"reviewer\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"reviewer\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":76,\"key\":\"reviewers\",\"tenantTerm\":\"reviewers\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"reviewers\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":77,\"key\":\"review_finalized\",\"tenantTerm\":\"review finalized\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"review finalized\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":78,\"key\":\"final_decision\",\"tenantTerm\":\"final decision\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"final decision\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":79,\"key\":\"final_validation\",\"tenantTerm\":\"final validation\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"final validation\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":80,\"key\":\"ae_accept_manuscript\",\"tenantTerm\":\"recommend to accept manuscript\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"accept manuscript\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":81,\"key\":\"fee\",\"tenantTerm\":\"fee\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"fee\",\"category\":\"Accounting\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":82,\"key\":\"fees\",\"tenantTerm\":\"fees\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"fees\",\"category\":\"Accounting\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":83,\"key\":\"guest_associate_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Guest Associate Editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Guest Associate Editor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":84,\"key\":\"guest_associate_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Guest Associate Editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Guest Associate Editors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":85,\"key\":\"in_review\",\"tenantTerm\":\"in review\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"in review\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":86,\"key\":\"institutional_member\",\"tenantTerm\":\"institutional partner\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"institutional partner\",\"category\":\"Accounting\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":87,\"key\":\"institutional_membership\",\"tenantTerm\":\"institutional partnership\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"institutional partnership\",\"category\":\"Accounting\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":88,\"key\":\"article_processing_charge\",\"tenantTerm\":\"article processing charge\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"article processing charge\",\"category\":\"Accounting\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":89,\"key\":\"article_processing_charges\",\"tenantTerm\":\"article processing charges\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"article processing charges\",\"category\":\"Accounting\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":90,\"key\":\"apcs\",\"tenantTerm\":\"APCs\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"APCs\",\"category\":\"Accounting\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":91,\"key\":\"apc\",\"tenantTerm\":\"APC\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"APC\",\"category\":\"Accounting\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":92,\"key\":\"received\",\"tenantTerm\":\"received\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"received\",\"description\":\"Date manuscript was received on.\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":93,\"key\":\"transferred\",\"tenantTerm\":\"transferred\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"transferred\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":94,\"key\":\"transfer\",\"tenantTerm\":\"transfer\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"transfer\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":95,\"key\":\"research_topic\",\"tenantTerm\":\"research topic\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"research topic\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":96,\"key\":\"research_topics\",\"tenantTerm\":\"research topics\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"research topics\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":97,\"key\":\"topic_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Topic Editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Topic Editor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":98,\"key\":\"review_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Review Editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Review Editor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":99,\"key\":\"title\",\"tenantTerm\":\"title\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"title\",\"category\":\"Manuscript Metadata\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":100,\"key\":\"running_title\",\"tenantTerm\":\"running title\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"running title\",\"category\":\"Manuscript Metadata\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":101,\"key\":\"submit\",\"tenantTerm\":\"submit\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"submit\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":102,\"key\":\"submitted\",\"tenantTerm\":\"submitted\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"submitted\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":103,\"key\":\"submitting\",\"tenantTerm\":\"submitting\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"submitting\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":104,\"key\":\"t_e\",\"tenantTerm\":\"TE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"TE\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":105,\"key\":\"topic\",\"tenantTerm\":\"topic\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"topic\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":106,\"key\":\"topic_summary\",\"tenantTerm\":\"topic summary\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"topic summary\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":107,\"key\":\"figure\",\"tenantTerm\":\"figure\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"figure\",\"category\":\"Manuscript Metadata\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":108,\"key\":\"figures\",\"tenantTerm\":\"figures\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"figures\",\"category\":\"Manuscript Metadata\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":109,\"key\":\"editorial_file\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editorial file\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editorial file\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":110,\"key\":\"editorial_files\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editorial files\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editorial files\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":111,\"key\":\"e_book\",\"tenantTerm\":\"e-book\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"e-book\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":112,\"key\":\"organization\",\"tenantTerm\":\"organization\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"organization\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":113,\"key\":\"institution\",\"tenantTerm\":\"institution\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"institution\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":114,\"key\":\"reference\",\"tenantTerm\":\"reference\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"reference\",\"category\":\"Manuscript Metadata\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":115,\"key\":\"references\",\"tenantTerm\":\"references\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"references\",\"category\":\"Manuscript Metadata\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":116,\"key\":\"sce\",\"tenantTerm\":\"SCE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"SCE\",\"description\":\"Abbreviation for Specialty Chief Editor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":117,\"key\":\"submission\",\"tenantTerm\":\"submission\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"submission\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":118,\"key\":\"submissions\",\"tenantTerm\":\"submissions\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"submissions\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":119,\"key\":\"editing\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editing\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editing\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":120,\"key\":\"in_preparation\",\"tenantTerm\":\"in preparation\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"in preparation\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":121,\"key\":\"country_region\",\"tenantTerm\":\"country\u002Fregion\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"country\u002Fregion\",\"description\":\"Because of political issues, some of the country listings are actually classified as `regions` and we need to include this. However other clients may not want to do this.\",\"category\":\"Manuscript Metadata\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":122,\"key\":\"countries_regions\",\"tenantTerm\":\"countries\u002Fregions\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"countries\u002Fregions\",\"description\":\"Because of political issues, some of the country listings are actually classified as `regions` and we need to include this. However other clients may not want to do this.\",\"category\":\"Manuscript Metadata\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":123,\"key\":\"specialty\",\"tenantTerm\":\"specialty\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"specialty\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":124,\"key\":\"specialties\",\"tenantTerm\":\"specialties\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"specialties\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":125,\"key\":\"associate_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Associate Editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Associate Editors\",\"description\":\"An editorial role on a specialty that a Registered User may hold. This gives them rights to different functionality and parts of the platform\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":126,\"key\":\"reviewed\",\"tenantTerm\":\"reviewed\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"reviewed\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":127,\"key\":\"institutional_members\",\"tenantTerm\":\"institutional partners\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"institutional partners\",\"category\":\"Accounting\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":128,\"key\":\"institutional_memberships\",\"tenantTerm\":\"institutional partnerships\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"institutional partnerships\",\"category\":\"Accounting\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":129,\"key\":\"assistant_field_chief_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Assistant Field Chief Editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Assistant Field Chief Editors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":130,\"key\":\"publications\",\"tenantTerm\":\"publications\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"publications\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":131,\"key\":\"ae_accepted\",\"tenantTerm\":\"recommended acceptance\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"accepted\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":132,\"key\":\"field_journal\",\"tenantTerm\":\"field journal\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"field journal\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":133,\"key\":\"field_journals\",\"tenantTerm\":\"field journals\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"field journals\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":134,\"key\":\"program_manager\",\"tenantTerm\":\"program manager\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"program manager\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":135,\"key\":\"journal_manager\",\"tenantTerm\":\"journal manager\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"journal manager\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":136,\"key\":\"journal_specialist\",\"tenantTerm\":\"journal specialist\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"journal specialist\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":137,\"key\":\"program_managers\",\"tenantTerm\":\"program managers\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"program managers\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":138,\"key\":\"journal_managers\",\"tenantTerm\":\"journal managers\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"journal managers\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":139,\"key\":\"journal_specialists\",\"tenantTerm\":\"journal specialists\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"journal specialists\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":140,\"key\":\"cover_letter\",\"tenantTerm\":\"manuscript contribution to the field\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"manuscript contribution to the field\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":141,\"key\":\"ae_accepted_manuscript\",\"tenantTerm\":\"recommended to accept manuscript\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"accepted manuscript\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":142,\"key\":\"recommend_for_rejection\",\"tenantTerm\":\"recommend for rejection\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"recommend for rejection\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":143,\"key\":\"recommended_for_rejection\",\"tenantTerm\":\"recommended for rejection\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"recommended for rejection\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":144,\"key\":\"ae\",\"tenantTerm\":\"AE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"AE\",\"description\":\"Associate Editor - board member\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":145,\"key\":\"re\",\"tenantTerm\":\"RE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"RE\",\"description\":\"Review Editor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":146,\"key\":\"rev\",\"tenantTerm\":\"REV\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"REV\",\"description\":\"Reviewer\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":147,\"key\":\"aut\",\"tenantTerm\":\"AUT\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"AUT\",\"description\":\"Author\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":148,\"key\":\"coraut\",\"tenantTerm\":\"CORAUT\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"CORAUT\",\"description\":\"Corresponding author\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":149,\"key\":\"saut\",\"tenantTerm\":\"SAUT\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"SAUT\",\"description\":\"Submitting author\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":150,\"key\":\"coaut\",\"tenantTerm\":\"COAUT\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"COAUT\",\"description\":\"co-author\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":151,\"key\":\"tsof\",\"tenantTerm\":\"TSOF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"TSOF\",\"description\":\"Typesetter\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":152,\"key\":\"typesetting_office\",\"tenantTerm\":\"typesetting office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"typesetting office\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":153,\"key\":\"config\",\"tenantTerm\":\"CONFIG\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"CONFIG\",\"description\":\"Configuration office role\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":154,\"key\":\"jm\",\"tenantTerm\":\"JM\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"JM\",\"description\":\"Journal Manager\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":155,\"key\":\"rte\",\"tenantTerm\":\"RTE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"RTE\",\"description\":\"Research topic editor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":156,\"key\":\"organizations\",\"tenantTerm\":\"organizations\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"organizations\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":157,\"key\":\"publishing\",\"tenantTerm\":\"publishing\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"publishing\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":158,\"key\":\"acceptance\",\"tenantTerm\":\"acceptance\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"acceptance\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":159,\"key\":\"preferred_associate_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"preferred associate editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"preferred associate editor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":160,\"key\":\"topic_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Topic Editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Topic Editors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":161,\"key\":\"institutions\",\"tenantTerm\":\"institutions\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"institutions\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":162,\"key\":\"author(s)\",\"tenantTerm\":\"author(s)\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"author(s)\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":163,\"key\":\"figure(s)\",\"tenantTerm\":\"figure(s)\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"figure(s)\",\"category\":\"Manuscript Metadata\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":164,\"key\":\"co-authors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"co-authors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"co-authors\",\"description\":\"co-authors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":165,\"key\":\"editorial_board_members\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editorial board members\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editorial board members\",\"description\":\"editorial board members\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":166,\"key\":\"editorial_board\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editorial board\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editorial board\",\"description\":\"editorial board\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":167,\"key\":\"co-authorship\",\"tenantTerm\":\"co-authorship\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"co-authorship\",\"description\":\"co-authorship\",\"category\":\"Misc.\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":168,\"key\":\"role_id_1\",\"tenantTerm\":\"registration office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"registration office\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":169,\"key\":\"role_id_2\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editorial office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editorial office\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":170,\"key\":\"role_id_7\",\"tenantTerm\":\"field chief editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"field chief editor\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":171,\"key\":\"role_id_8\",\"tenantTerm\":\"assistant field chief editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"assistant field chief editor\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":172,\"key\":\"role_id_9\",\"tenantTerm\":\"specialty chief editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"specialty chief editor\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":173,\"key\":\"role_id_10\",\"tenantTerm\":\"assistant specialty chief editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"assistant specialty chief editor\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":174,\"key\":\"role_id_11\",\"tenantTerm\":\"associate editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"associate editor\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":175,\"key\":\"role_id_12\",\"tenantTerm\":\"guest associate editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"guest associate editor\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":176,\"key\":\"role_id_13\",\"tenantTerm\":\"review editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"review editor\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":177,\"key\":\"role_id_14\",\"tenantTerm\":\"reviewer\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"reviewer\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":178,\"key\":\"role_id_15\",\"tenantTerm\":\"author\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"author\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":179,\"key\":\"role_id_16\",\"tenantTerm\":\"corresponding author\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"corresponding author\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":180,\"key\":\"role_id_17\",\"tenantTerm\":\"submitting author\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"submitting author\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":181,\"key\":\"role_id_18\",\"tenantTerm\":\"co-author\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"co-author\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":182,\"key\":\"role_id_20\",\"tenantTerm\":\"production office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"production office\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":183,\"key\":\"role_id_22\",\"tenantTerm\":\"typesetting office (typesetter)\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"typesetting office (typesetter)\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":184,\"key\":\"role_id_24\",\"tenantTerm\":\"registered user\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"registered user\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":185,\"key\":\"role_id_35\",\"tenantTerm\":\"job office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"job office\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":186,\"key\":\"role_id_41\",\"tenantTerm\":\"special event administrator\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"special event administrator\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":187,\"key\":\"role_id_42\",\"tenantTerm\":\"special event reviewer\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"special event reviewer\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":188,\"key\":\"role_id_43\",\"tenantTerm\":\"submit abstract\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"submit abstract\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":189,\"key\":\"role_id_52\",\"tenantTerm\":\"events office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"events office\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":190,\"key\":\"role_id_53\",\"tenantTerm\":\"event administrator\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"event administrator\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":191,\"key\":\"role_id_89\",\"tenantTerm\":\"content management office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"content management office\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":192,\"key\":\"role_id_98\",\"tenantTerm\":\"accounting office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"accounting office\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":193,\"key\":\"role_id_99\",\"tenantTerm\":\"projects\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"projects\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":194,\"key\":\"role_id_103\",\"tenantTerm\":\"configuration office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"configuration office\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":195,\"key\":\"role_id_104\",\"tenantTerm\":\"beta user\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"beta user\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":196,\"key\":\"role_id_106\",\"tenantTerm\":\"wfconf\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"wfconf\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":197,\"key\":\"role_id_107\",\"tenantTerm\":\"rt management beta user\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"rt management beta user\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":198,\"key\":\"role_id_108\",\"tenantTerm\":\"deo beta user\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"deo beta user\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":199,\"key\":\"role_id_109\",\"tenantTerm\":\"search beta user\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"search beta user\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":200,\"key\":\"role_id_110\",\"tenantTerm\":\"journal manager\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"journal manager\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":201,\"key\":\"role_id_111\",\"tenantTerm\":\"myfrontiers beta user\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"myfrontiers beta user\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":202,\"key\":\"role_id_21\",\"tenantTerm\":\"copy editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"copy editor\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":203,\"key\":\"role_id_1_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"ROF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"ROF\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":204,\"key\":\"role_id_2_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"EOF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"EOF\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":205,\"key\":\"role_id_7_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"FCE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"FCE\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":206,\"key\":\"role_id_8_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"AFCE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"AFCE\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":207,\"key\":\"role_id_9_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"SCE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"SCE\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":208,\"key\":\"role_id_10_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"ASCE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"ASCE\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":209,\"key\":\"role_id_11_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"AE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"AE\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":210,\"key\":\"role_id_12_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"GAE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"GAE\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":211,\"key\":\"role_id_13_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"RE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"RE\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":212,\"key\":\"role_id_14_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"REV\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"REV\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":213,\"key\":\"role_id_15_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"AUT\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"AUT\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":214,\"key\":\"role_id_16_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"CORAUT\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"CORAUT\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":215,\"key\":\"role_id_17_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"SAUT\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"SAUT\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":216,\"key\":\"role_id_18_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"COAUT\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"COAUT\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":217,\"key\":\"role_id_20_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"POF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"POF\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":218,\"key\":\"role_id_22_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"TSOF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"TSOF\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":219,\"key\":\"role_id_24_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"RU\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"RU\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":220,\"key\":\"role_id_35_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"JOF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"JOF\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":221,\"key\":\"role_id_41_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"SE-ADM\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"SE-ADM\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":222,\"key\":\"role_id_42_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"SE-REV\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"SE-REV\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":223,\"key\":\"role_id_43_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"SE-AUT\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"SE-AUT\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":224,\"key\":\"role_id_52_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"EVOF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"EVOF\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":225,\"key\":\"role_id_53_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"EV-ADM\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"EV-ADM\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":226,\"key\":\"role_id_89_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"COMOF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"COMOF\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":227,\"key\":\"role_id_98_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"AOF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"AOF\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":228,\"key\":\"role_id_99_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Projects\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Projects\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":229,\"key\":\"role_id_103_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"CONFIG\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"CONFIG\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":230,\"key\":\"role_id_104_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"BETA\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"BETA\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":231,\"key\":\"role_id_106_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"WFCONF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"WFCONF\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":232,\"key\":\"role_id_107_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"RTBETA\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"RTBETA\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":233,\"key\":\"role_id_108_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"DEOBETA\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"DEOBETA\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":234,\"key\":\"role_id_109_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"SEARCHBETA\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"SEARCHBETA\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":235,\"key\":\"role_id_110_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"JM\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"JM\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":236,\"key\":\"role_id_111_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"MFBETA\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"MFBETA\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":237,\"key\":\"role_id_21_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"COPED\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"COPED\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":238,\"key\":\"reviewer_editorial_board\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editorial board\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editorial board\",\"description\":\"This is the label for the review editorial board\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":239,\"key\":\"field_chief_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Field Chief Editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Field Chief Editor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":240,\"key\":\"field_chief_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Field Chief Editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Field Chief Editors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":241,\"key\":\"editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":242,\"key\":\"editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":243,\"key\":\"board\",\"tenantTerm\":\"board\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"board\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":244,\"key\":\"boards\",\"tenantTerm\":\"boards\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"boards\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":245,\"key\":\"article_collection\",\"tenantTerm\":\"article collection\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"article collection\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":246,\"key\":\"article_collections\",\"tenantTerm\":\"article collections\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"article collections\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":247,\"key\":\"handling_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"handling editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"associate editor\",\"description\":\"This terminology key is for the person assigned to edit a manuscript. It is a label for the temporary handling editor assignment.\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":248,\"key\":\"handling_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"handling editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"associate editors\",\"description\":\"This terminology key is for the person assigned to edit a manuscript. It is a label for the temporary handling editor assignment.\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":249,\"key\":\"ae_accept\",\"tenantTerm\":\"recommend acceptance\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"accept\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":250,\"key\":\"rtm\",\"tenantTerm\":\"RTM\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"RTM\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":251,\"key\":\"frontiers_media_sa\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Frontiers Media S.A\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Frontiers Media S.A\",\"category\":\"Customer\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":252,\"key\":\"review_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Review Editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Review Editors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":253,\"key\":\"journal_card_chief_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Chief Editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Chief Editor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":254,\"key\":\"journal_card_chief_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Chief Editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Chief Editors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":255,\"key\":\"call_for_papers\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Call for papers\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Call for papers\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":256,\"key\":\"calls_for_papers\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Calls for papers\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Calls for papers\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":257,\"key\":\"supervising_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Supervising Editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Supervising Editor\",\"description\":\"A Chief or Assistant Chief editor who is assigned to a manuscript to supervise.\",\"category\":\"Role\",\"externalKey\":\"supervising_editor\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":258,\"key\":\"supervising_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Supervising Editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Supervising Editors\",\"description\":\"A Chief or Assistant Chief editor who is assigned to a manuscript to supervise.\",\"category\":\"Role\",\"externalKey\":\"supervising_editors\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":259,\"key\":\"reviewer_endorse\",\"tenantTerm\":\"endorse\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"endorse\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":260,\"key\":\"reviewer_endorsed\",\"tenantTerm\":\"endorsed\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"endorsed\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":261,\"key\":\"reviewer_endorse_publication\",\"tenantTerm\":\"endorse publication\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"endorse publication\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":262,\"key\":\"reviewer_endorsed_publication\",\"tenantTerm\":\"endorsed publication\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"endorsed publication\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":263,\"key\":\"editor_role\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editor role\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Editor Role\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":264,\"key\":\"editor_roles\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editor roles\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Editor Roles\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":265,\"key\":\"editorial_role\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editorial role\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Editorial Role\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":266,\"key\":\"editorial_roles\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editorial roles\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Editorial Roles\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":267,\"key\":\"call_for_paper\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Call for paper\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Call for paper\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":268,\"key\":\"research_topic_abstract\",\"tenantTerm\":\"manuscript summary\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"manuscript summary\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":269,\"key\":\"research_topic_abstracts\",\"tenantTerm\":\"manuscript summaries\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"manuscript summaries\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":270,\"key\":\"submissions_team_manager\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Content Manager\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Content Manager\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":271,\"key\":\"submissions_team\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Content Team\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Content Team\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":272,\"key\":\"topic_coordinator\",\"tenantTerm\":\"topic coordinator\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"topic coordinator\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":273,\"key\":\"topic_coordinators\",\"tenantTerm\":\"topic coordinators\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"topic coordinators\",\"category\":\"Process\"}]}'\n",gtmId:"GTM-M322FV2",gtmAuth:"owVbWxfaJr21yQv1fe1cAQ",gtmServerUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Ftag-manager.frontiersin.org",gtmPreview:"env-1",faviconSize512:"https:\u002F\u002Fbrand.frontiersin.org\u002Fm\u002Fed3f9ce840a03d7\u002Ffavicon_512-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png",socialMediaImg:"https:\u002F\u002Fbrand.frontiersin.org\u002Fm\u002F1c8bcb536c789e11\u002FGuidelines-Frontiers_Logo_1200x628_1-91to1.png",_app:{basePath:"\u002F",assetsPath:"\u002Farticle-pages\u002F_nuxt\u002F",cdnURL:f}},apollo:{contentfulJournalsDelivery:Object.create(null),contentfulJournalsPreview:Object.create(null),contentfulHomeDelivery:Object.create(null),contentfulHomePreview:Object.create(null),frontiersGraph:Object.create(null)}}}("journal_journal","public_space",1,"frontiersin.org","",null,"_self",true,3,"frontierspartnerships.org","_blank",false,"Spain",0,2,"Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Servicio Gallego de Salud)","citation_author","citation_author_institution","Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatría (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) and Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Servicio Gallego de Salud), Spain","Frontiers in Pediatrics","PDF",5,606,"pediatrics","Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela",4,1920,"description","Frontiers","Help center","Link","Grey","Medium","ssph-journal.org","fship","Front. Pediatr.","2296-2360",void 0,18,"por-journal.com",7,"escubed.org",1918,"fipp","https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002FF7FAD318-14B9-4441-A0B7CBD4A110BD2E\u002Fwebimage-6B9CB60E-6CF8-4F5B-8CBABBFD926A04E7.png","medicine","image","2022-06-27T10:00:44Z","fped",61,"10.3389\u002Ffped.2020.00547","Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Pediatric Healthcare Workers in Spain","\u003Cp\u003ESpain is one of the countries most severely affected by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with almost 190,000 cases as of April 18, 2020. As healthcare workers (HCW) are one of the groups hardest hit by the infection, it is important to know the seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric departments. We performed 175 immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG immunochromatographic rapid tests in the personnel working at the Pediatric Department of the Hospital Clínico Universitario of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), including pediatricians, residents, nurses, and other staff, on days 31–33 since the lockdown started. Seven out of the 175 tests were positive, including four for IgM and three for IgG, leading to a seroprevalence of 4.0% (95% CI: 1.1–6.9%). Only one of them had symptoms at the time of testing (sore throat). All seropositive cases yielded negative RT-PCR of the upper and lower respiratory tract. This is the first SARS-CoV-2 serological survey among HCWs reported in Spain. Notwithstanding the test limitations, our results reveal that personal protection policy and lockdown measures have been effective to limit population exposure. The low seroprevalence rate poses a significant challenge for the next strategic steps of pandemic control.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E","Ana","Irene",1010093,"Jacobo","Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses (INCIFOR), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (Servicio Gallego de Salud)","Lorenzo",1021428,"Antonio",971915,"Jose",58621,"Federico",525142,"Valeriane",435709,"Guillermo",736410,"Tatjana",{},710,"Pediatric Infectious Diseases","pediatric-infectious-diseases",20,8,"EPUB","fped-08-00547.pdf","Frontiers | Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Pediatric Healthcare Workers in Spain","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fpediatrics\u002Farticles\u002F10.3389\u002Ffped.2020.00547\u002Ffull","Spain is one of the countries most severely affected by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with almost 190,000 cases as of April 18, 2020. As healthcare workers (HCW) ...","og:title","og:description","keywords","og:site_name","og:image","og:type","og:url","twitter:card","citation_volume","citation_journal_title","citation_publisher","citation_journal_abbrev","citation_issn","citation_doi","citation_firstpage","citation_language","citation_title","citation_keywords","citation_abstract","citation_pdf_url","citation_online_date","citation_publication_date","dc.identifier","articles","editors","research-topics","How we publish","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fhow-we-publish","Fee policy","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Ffee-policy","Research Topics","https:\u002F\u002Fforum.frontiersin.org\u002F","Frontiers Planet Prize","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersplanetprize.org\u002F","this link will take you to the Frontiers Planet Prize website","Career opportunities","https:\u002F\u002Fcareers.frontiersin.org\u002F","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fcontact","Author guidelines","Editor guidelines","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Farticles","Articles","https:\u002F\u002Fhelpcenter.frontiersin.org","Frontiers for Young Minds","Frontiers Facebook",9,"Transplant International","transplant-international","ti",1921,"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","spanish-journal-of-soil-science","sjss","ebm-journal.org","Public Health Reviews","public-health-reviews","phrs","Pathology and Oncology Research","pathology-and-oncology-research","pore",21,"Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice","pastoralism-research-policy-and-practice","past",11,"Oncology Reviews","oncology-reviews","or","Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences","journal-of-pharmacy-pharmaceutical-sciences","jpps","Journal of Cutaneous Immunology and Allergy","journal-of-cutaneous-immunology-and-allergy","JCIA","Journal of Abdominal Wall Surgery","journal-of-abdominal-wall-surgery","jaws",1919,"International Journal of Public Health","international-journal-of-public-health","ijph","Frontiers in Pathology","pathology","fpath",13,12,17,6,"Experimental Biology and Medicine","experimental-biology-and-medicine","EBM","European Journal of Cultural Management and Policy","european-journal-of-cultural-management-and-policy","ejcmp","Earth Science, Systems and Society","earth-science-systems-and-society","esss","Dystonia","dystonia","dyst","British Journal of Biomedical Science","british-journal-of-biomedical-science","bjbs","Aerospace Research Communications","aerospace-research-communications","arc","Advances in Drug and Alcohol Research","advances-in-drug-and-alcohol-research","adar","Acta Virologica","acta-virologica","av","Acta Biochimica Polonica","acta-biochimica-polonica"));</script><script src="/article-pages/_nuxt/4764e3b.js" defer></script><script src="/article-pages/_nuxt/a07a553.js" defer></script><script src="/article-pages/_nuxt/94ee25c.js" defer></script><script src="/article-pages/_nuxt/5465e0e.js" defer></script><script src="/article-pages/_nuxt/fb04c78.js" defer></script><script src="/article-pages/_nuxt/f8f682e.js" defer></script><script src="/article-pages/_nuxt/8e7ee66.js" defer></script><script src="/article-pages/_nuxt/232bf4b.js" defer></script><script src="/article-pages/_nuxt/3b10072.js" defer></script><script data-n-head="ssr" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/polyfill/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=es6" data-body="true" async></script><script data-n-head="ssr" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.1/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML" data-body="true" async></script><script data-n-head="ssr" src="https://d1bxh8uas1mnw7.cloudfront.net/assets/altmetric_badges-f0bc9b243ff5677d05460c1eb71834ca998946d764eb3bc244ab4b18ba50d21e.js" data-body="true" async></script><script data-n-head="ssr" src="https://api.altmetric.com/v1/doi/10.3389/fped.2020.00547?callback=_altmetric.embed_callback&domain=www.frontiersin.org&key=3c130976ca2b8f2e88f8377633751ba1&cache_until=14-15" data-body="true" async></script><script data-n-head="ssr" src="https://widgets.figshare.com/static/figshare.js" data-body="true" async></script><script data-n-head="ssr" src="https://crossmark-cdn.crossref.org/widget/v2.0/widget.js" data-body="true" async></script> </body> </html>