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crack</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: fatigue crack"> <meta name="keywords" content="fatigue crack"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="fatigue crack"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 994</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: fatigue crack</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">724</span> The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Vigilance, Fatigue, and Performance during Simulated Train Driving</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clara%20Theresia">Clara Theresia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hardianto%20Iridiastadi"> Hardianto Iridiastadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drowsiness is one of the main factors that contribute to the occurrence of accidents, particularly in the transportation sector. While the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive functions have been reported, the exact relationships remain a critical issue. This study aimed at quantifying the effects of extreme sleep deprivation on vigilance, fatigue, and performance during simulated train driving. A total of 12 participants were asked to drive a train simulator continuously for 4 hours, either in a sleep deprived condition (2-hr of sleep) or normal (8-hr of sleep) condition. Dependent variables obtained during the task included Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) parameters, degree of fatigue (assessed via Visual Analogue Scale/VAS) and sleepiness (reported using Karolinska Sleepiness Scale/KSS), and driving performance (the number of speed limit violations). Findings from this study demonstrated substantial decrements in vigilance in the sleep-deprived condition. This condition also resulted in 75% increase in speed violation and a two-fold increase in the degree of fatigue and sleepiness. Extreme sleep deprivation was clearly associated with substantially poorer response. The exact effects, however, were dependent upon the types of responses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20function" title="cognitive function">cognitive function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychomotor%20vigilance%20task" title=" psychomotor vigilance task"> psychomotor vigilance task</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20deprivation" title=" sleep deprivation"> sleep deprivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=train%20simulator" title=" train simulator"> train simulator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80174/the-effects-of-sleep-deprivation-on-vigilance-fatigue-and-performance-during-simulated-train-driving" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80174.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">723</span> Extended Strain Energy Density Criterion for Fracture Investigation of Orthotropic Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Fakoor">Mahdi Fakoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hannaneh%20Manafi%20Farid"> Hannaneh Manafi Farid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to predict the fracture behavior of cracked orthotropic materials under mixed-mode loading, well-known minimum strain energy density (SED) criterion is extended. The crack is subjected along the fibers at plane strain conditions. Despite the complicities to solve the nonlinear equations which are requirements of SED criterion, SED criterion for anisotropic materials is derived. In the present research, fracture limit curve of SED criterion is depicted by a numerical solution, hence the direction of crack growth is figured out by derived criterion, MSED. The validated MSED demonstrates the improvement in prediction of fracture behavior of the materials. Also, damaged factor that plays a crucial role in the fracture behavior of quasi-brittle materials is derived from this criterion and proved its dependency on mechanical properties and direction of crack growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed-mode%20fracture" title="mixed-mode fracture">mixed-mode fracture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20strain%20energy%20density%20criterion" title=" minimum strain energy density criterion"> minimum strain energy density criterion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthotropic%20materials" title=" orthotropic materials"> orthotropic materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture%20limit%20curve" title=" fracture limit curve"> fracture limit curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mode%20II%20critical%20stress%20intensity%20factor" title=" mode II critical stress intensity factor"> mode II critical stress intensity factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91812/extended-strain-energy-density-criterion-for-fracture-investigation-of-orthotropic-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91812.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">722</span> Investigation of Crack Formation in Ordinary Reinforced Concrete Beams and in Beams Strengthened with Carbon Fiber Sheet: Theory and Experiment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anton%20A.%20Bykov">Anton A. Bykov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irina%20O.%20Glot"> Irina O. Glot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20N.%20Shardakov"> Igor N. Shardakov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexey%20P.%20Shestakov"> Alexey P. Shestakov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the results of experimental and theoretical investigations of the mechanisms of crack formation in reinforced concrete beams subjected to quasi-static bending. The boundary-value problem has been formulated in the framework of brittle fracture mechanics and has been solved by using the finite-element method. Numerical simulation of the vibrations of an uncracked beam and a beam with cracks of different size serves to determine the pattern of changes in the spectrum of eigenfrequencies observed during crack evolution. Experiments were performed on the sequential quasistatic four-point bending of the beam leading to the formation of cracks in concrete. At each loading stage, the beam was subjected to an impulse load to induce vibrations. Two stages of cracking were detected. At the first stage the conservative process of deformation is realized. The second stage is an active cracking, which is marked by a sharp change in eingenfrequencies. The boundary of a transition from one stage to another is well registered. The vibration behavior was examined for the beams strengthened by carbon-fiber sheet before loading and at the intermediate stage of loading after the grouting of initial cracks. The obtained results show that the vibrodiagnostic approach is an effective tool for monitoring of cracking and for assessing the quality of measures aimed at strengthening concrete structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%20formation" title="crack formation">crack formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiment" title=" experiment"> experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modeling" title=" mathematical modeling"> mathematical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibrodiagnostics" title=" vibrodiagnostics"> vibrodiagnostics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52618/investigation-of-crack-formation-in-ordinary-reinforced-concrete-beams-and-in-beams-strengthened-with-carbon-fiber-sheet-theory-and-experiment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52618.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">721</span> Fracture Control of the Soda-Lime Glass in Laser Thermal Cleavage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jehnming%20Lin">Jehnming Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effects of the contact ball-lens on the soda lime glass in laser thermal cleavage with a cw Nd-YAG laser were investigated in this study. A contact ball-lens was adopted to generate a bending force on the crack formation of the soda-lime glass in the laser cutting process. The Nd-YAG laser beam (wavelength of 1064 nm) was focused through the ball-lens and transmitted to the soda-lime glass, which was coated with a carbon film on the surface with a bending force from a ball-lens to generate a tensile stress state on the surface cracking. The fracture was controlled by the contact ball-lens and a straight cutting was tested to demonstrate the feasibility. Experimental observations on the crack propagation from the leading edge, main section and trailing edge of the glass sheet were compared with various mechanical and thermal loadings. Further analyses on the stress under various laser powers and contact ball loadings were made to characterize the innovative technology. The results show that the distributions of the side crack at the leading and trailing edges are mainly dependent on the boundary condition, contact force, cutting speed and laser power. With the increase of the mechanical and thermal loadings, the region of the side cracks might be dramatically reduced with proper selection of the geometrical constraints. Therefore, the application of the contact ball-lens is a possible way to control the fracture in laser cleavage with improved cutting qualities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20cleavage" title="laser cleavage">laser cleavage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20analysis" title=" stress analysis"> stress analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%20visualization" title=" crack visualization"> crack visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser" title=" laser"> laser</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31854/fracture-control-of-the-soda-lime-glass-in-laser-thermal-cleavage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">720</span> Quantifying Fatigue during Periods of Intensified Competition in Professional Ice Hockey Players: Magnitude of Fatigue in Selected Markers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eoin%20Kirwan">Eoin Kirwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Nulty"> Christopher Nulty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Declan%20Browne"> Declan Browne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The professional ice hockey season consists of approximately 60 regular season games with periods of fixture congestion occurring several times in the average season. These periods of congestion provide limited time for recovery, exposing the athletes to the risk of competing whilst not fully recovered. Although a body of research is growing with respect to monitoring fatigue, particularly during periods of congested fixtures in team sports such as rugby and soccer, it has received little to no attention thus far in ice hockey athletes. Consequently, there is limited knowledge on monitoring tools that might effectively detect a fatigue response and the magnitude of fatigue that can accumulate when recovery is limited by competitive fixtures. The benefit of quantifying and establishing fatigue status is the ability to optimise training and provide pertinent information on player health, injury risk, availability and readiness. Some commonly used methods to assess fatigue and recovery status of athletes include the use of perceived fatigue and wellbeing questionnaires, tests of muscular force and ratings of perceive exertion (RPE). These measures are widely used in popular team sports such as soccer and rugby and show promise as assessments of fatigue and recovery status for ice hockey athletes. As part of a larger study, this study explored the magnitude of changes in adductor muscle strength after game play and throughout a period of fixture congestion and examined the relationship between internal game load and perceived wellbeing with adductor muscle strength. Methods 8 professional ice hockey players from a British Elite League club volunteered to participate (age = 29.3 ± 2.49 years, height = 186.15 ± 6.75 cm, body mass = 90.85 ± 8.64 kg). Prior to and after competitive games each player performed trials of the adductor squeeze test at 0˚ hip flexion with the lead investigator using hand-held dynamometry. Rate of perceived exertion was recorded for each game and from data of total ice time individual session RPE was calculated. After each game players completed a 5- point questionnaire to assess perceived wellbeing. Data was collected from six competitive games, 1 practice and 36 hours post the final game, over a 10 – day period. Results Pending final data collection in February Conclusions Pending final data collection in February. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Conjested%20fixtures" title="Conjested fixtures">Conjested fixtures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20monitoring" title=" fatigue monitoring"> fatigue monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ice%20hockey" title=" ice hockey"> ice hockey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=readiness" title=" readiness"> readiness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122203/quantifying-fatigue-during-periods-of-intensified-competition-in-professional-ice-hockey-players-magnitude-of-fatigue-in-selected-markers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">719</span> Finite Element Modeling of Influence of Roll Form of Vertical Scale Breaker on Decreased Formation of Surface Defects during Roughing Hot Rolling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Pesin">A. Pesin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Pustovoytov"> D. Pustovoytov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sverdlik"> M. Sverdlik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During production of rolled steel strips the quality of the surface of finished strips influences steel consumption considerably. The most critical areas for crack formation during rolling are lateral sides of slabs. Deformation behaviors of the slab edge in roughing rolling process were analyzed by the finite element method with Deform-3D. In this study our focus is the analysis of the influence of edger’s form on the possibility to decrease surface cracking during roughing hot rolling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughing%20hot%20rolling" title="roughing hot rolling">roughing hot rolling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack" title=" crack"> crack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulging" title=" bulging"> bulging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13032/finite-element-modeling-of-influence-of-roll-form-of-vertical-scale-breaker-on-decreased-formation-of-surface-defects-during-roughing-hot-rolling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13032.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">718</span> Combined Effect of Gender Differences and Fatiguing Task on Unipedal Postural Balance and Functional Mobility in Adults with Multiple Sclerosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonda%20Jallouli">Sonda Jallouli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Hammouda"> Omar Hammouda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imen%20Ben%20Dhia"> Imen Ben Dhia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salma%20Sakka"> Salma Sakka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chokri%20Mhiri"> Chokri Mhiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Habib%20Elleuch"> Mohamed Habib Elleuch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abedlmoneem%20Yahia"> Abedlmoneem Yahia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameh%20Ghroubi"> Sameh Ghroubi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by gender differences with affecting women two to four times more than men, but the disease progression is faster and more severe in men. Fatigue represents one of the most frequent and disabling symptoms related to MS. Results of previous studies regarding gender differences in fatigue perception in MS persons are contradictory. Besides, fatigue has been shown to affect negatively postural balance and functional mobility in MS persons. However, no study has taken into account gender differences in the response of these physical parameters to a fatiguing protocol in MS persons. Given the reduction of autonomy due to the alteration of these parameters induced by fatigue and the importance of gender differences in postural balance training programs in fatigued men and women with MS, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gender difference on unipedal postural balance and functional mobility after performing a fatiguing task in MS adults. Methods: Eleven women (30.29 ± 7.99 years) and seven men (30.91 ± 8.19 years) with relapsing-remitting MS performed a fatiguing protocol: three sets of the 5×sit to stand test (5-STST), six-minute walk test (6MWT) followed by three sets of the 5-STST. Unipedal balance, functional mobility, and fatigue perception were measured prefatigue (T0) and post fatigue (T3) using a clinical unipedal balance test, timed up and go test (TUGT), and analogic visual scale of fatigue (VASF), respectively. Heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded before, during and after the fatiguing task. Results: Compared to women, men showed an impairment of unipedal balance on the dominant leg (p<0.001, d=0.52) and mobility (p<0.001, d=3) via reducing unipedal stance time and increasing duration of TUGT execution, respectively. No gender differences were observed in 6MWT, 5-STST, HR, RPE and VASF scores. Conclusion: Fatiguing protocol negatively affected unipedal postural balance and mobility only in men. These gender differences were inconclusive but can be taken into account in postural balance rehabilitation programs for persons with MS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20mobility" title="functional mobility">functional mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatiguing%20exercises" title=" fatiguing exercises"> fatiguing exercises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20sclerosis" title=" multiple sclerosis"> multiple sclerosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex%20differences" title=" sex differences"> sex differences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unipedal%20balance" title=" unipedal balance"> unipedal balance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146573/combined-effect-of-gender-differences-and-fatiguing-task-on-unipedal-postural-balance-and-functional-mobility-in-adults-with-multiple-sclerosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146573.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">717</span> Relationships of Driver Drowsiness and Sleep-Disordered Breathing Syndrome</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Yu%20Tsai">Cheng-Yu Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Te%20Liu"> Wen-Te Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yin-Tzu%20Lin"> Yin-Tzu Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen-Chen%20Lo"> Chen-Chen Lo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang%20Lo"> Kang Lo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Driving drowsiness related to inadequate or disordered sleep accounts for a major percentage of traffic accidents. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) syndrome is a common respiratory disorder during sleep. However, the effects of SDB syndrome on driving fatigue remain unclear. Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between SDB pattern and driving drowsiness. Methodologies: The physical condition while driving was obtained from the questionnaires to classify the state of driving fatigue. SDB syndrome was quantified as the polysomnography, and the air flow pattern was collected by the thermistor and nasal pressure cannula. To evaluate the desaturation, the mean hourly number of greater than 3% dips in oxygen saturation was sentenced by reregistered technologist during examination in a hospital in New Taipei City (Taiwan). The independent T-test was used to investigate the correlations between sleep disorders related index and driving drowsiness. Results: There were 880 subjects recruited in this study, who had been done polysomnography for evaluating severity for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) as well as completed the driver condition questionnaire. Four-hundred-eighty-four subjects (55%) were classified as fatigue group, and 396 subjects (45%) were served as the control group. Significantly higher values of snoring index (242.14 ± 205.51 /hours) were observed in the fatigue group (p < 0.01). The value of respiratory disturbance index (RDI) (31.82 ± 19.34 /hours) in fatigue group were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.01). Conclusion: We observe the considerable association between SDB syndrome and driving drowsiness. To promote traffic safety, SDB syndrome should be controlled and alleviated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driving%20drowsiness" title="driving drowsiness">driving drowsiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep-disordered%20breathing%20syndrome" title=" sleep-disordered breathing syndrome"> sleep-disordered breathing syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=snoring%20index" title=" snoring index"> snoring index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20disturbance%20index." title=" respiratory disturbance index."> respiratory disturbance index.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110112/relationships-of-driver-drowsiness-and-sleep-disordered-breathing-syndrome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110112.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">716</span> Fatigue Tests of New Assembly Bolt Connections for Perspective Temporary Steel Railway Bridges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcela%20Karmaz%C3%ADnov%C3%A1">Marcela Karmazínová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20%C5%A0trba"> Michal Štrba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miln%20Pilgr"> Miln Pilgr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with the problems of the actual behavior, failure mechanism and load-carrying capacity of the special bolt connection developed and intended for the assembly connections of truss main girders of perspective railway temporary steel bridges. Within the framework of this problem solution, several types of structural details of assembly joints have been considered as the conceptual structural design. Based on the preliminary evaluation of advantages or disadvantages of these ones, in principle two basic structural configurations so-called “tooth” and “splice-plate” connections have been selected for the subsequent detailed investigation. This investigation is mainly based on the experimental verification of the actual behavior, strain and failure mechanism and corresponding strength of the connection, and on its numerical modeling using FEM. This paper is focused only on the cyclic loading (fatigue) tests results of “splice-plate” connections and their evaluation, which have already been finished. Simultaneously with the fatigue tests, the static loading tests have been realized too, but these ones, as well as FEM numerical modeling, are not the subject of this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bolt%20assembly%20connection" title="Bolt assembly connection">Bolt assembly connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20loading" title=" cyclic loading"> cyclic loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure%20mechanisms" title=" failure mechanisms"> failure mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20strength" title=" fatigue strength"> fatigue strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20structure" title=" steel structure"> steel structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20detail%20category" title=" structural detail category"> structural detail category</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporary%20railway%20bridge" title=" temporary railway bridge"> temporary railway bridge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25954/fatigue-tests-of-new-assembly-bolt-connections-for-perspective-temporary-steel-railway-bridges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25954.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">715</span> Numerical Prediction of Width Crack of Concrete Dapped-End Beams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jatziri%20Y.%20Moreno-Martinez">Jatziri Y. Moreno-Martinez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arturo%20Galvan"> Arturo Galvan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xavier%20Chavez%20Cardenas"> Xavier Chavez Cardenas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiram%20Arroyo"> Hiram Arroyo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several methods have been utilized to study the prediction of cracking of concrete structural under loading. The finite element analysis is an alternative that shows good results. The aim of this work was the numerical study of the width crack in reinforced concrete beams with dapped ends, these are frequently found in bridge girders and precast concrete construction. Properly restricting cracking is an important aspect of the design in dapped ends, it has been observed that the cracks that exceed the allowable widths are unacceptable in an aggressive environment for reinforcing steel. For simulating the crack width, the discrete crack approach was considered by means of a Cohesive Zone (CZM) Model using a function to represent the crack opening. Two cases of dapped-end were constructed and tested in the laboratory of Structures and Materials of Engineering Institute of UNAM. The first case considers a reinforcement based on hangers as well as on vertical and horizontal ring, the second case considers 50% of the vertical stirrups in the dapped end to the main part of the beam were replaced by an equivalent area (vertically projected) of diagonal bars under. The loading protocol consisted on applying symmetrical loading to reach the service load. The models were performed using the software package ANSYS v. 16.2. The concrete structure was modeled using three-dimensional solid elements SOLID65 capable of cracking in tension and crushing in compression. Drucker-Prager yield surface was used to include the plastic deformations. The reinforcement was introduced with smeared approach. Interface delamination was modeled by traditional fracture mechanics methods such as the nodal release technique adopting softening relationships between tractions and the separations, which in turn introduce a critical fracture energy that is also the energy required to break apart the interface surfaces. This technique is called CZM. The interface surfaces of the materials are represented by a contact elements Surface-to-Surface (CONTA173) with bonded (initial contact). The Mode I dominated bilinear CZM model assumes that the separation of the material interface is dominated by the displacement jump normal to the interface. Furthermore, the opening crack was taken into consideration according to the maximum normal contact stress, the contact gap at the completion of debonding, and the maximum equivalent tangential contact stress. The contact elements were placed in the crack re-entrant corner. To validate the proposed approach, the results obtained with the previous procedure are compared with experimental test. A good correlation between the experimental and numerical Load-Displacement curves was presented, the numerical models also allowed to obtain the load-crack width curves. In these two cases, the proposed model confirms the capability of predicting the maximum crack width, with an error of ± 30 %. Finally, the orientation of the crack is a fundamental for the prediction of crack width. The results regarding the crack width can be considered as good from the practical point view. Load-Displacement curve of the test and the location of the crack were able to obtain favorable results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesive%20zone%20model" title="cohesive zone model">cohesive zone model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dapped-end%20beams" title=" dapped-end beams"> dapped-end beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20crack%20approach" title=" discrete crack approach"> discrete crack approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95557/numerical-prediction-of-width-crack-of-concrete-dapped-end-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">714</span> A Comparison of Double Sided Friction Stir Welding in Air and Underwater for 6mm S275 Steel Plate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philip%20Baillie">Philip Baillie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stuart%20W.%20Campbell"> Stuart W. Campbell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20M.%20Galloway"> Alexander M. Galloway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20R.%20Cater"> Stephen R. Cater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norman%20A.%20McPherson"> Norman A. McPherson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study compared the mechanical and microstructural properties produced during friction stir welding(FSW) of S275 structural steel in air and underwater. Post weld tests assessed the tensile strength, micro-hardness, distortion, Charpy impact toughness and fatigue performance in each case. The study showed that there was no significant difference in the strength, hardness or fatigue life of the air and underwater specimens. However, Charpy impact toughness was shown to decrease for the underwater specimens and was attributed to a lower degree of recrystallization caused by the higher rate of heat loss experienced when welding underwater. Reduced angular and longitudinal distortion was observed in the underwater welded plate compared to the plate welded in air. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charpy%20impact%20toughness" title="Charpy impact toughness">Charpy impact toughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distortion" title=" distortion"> distortion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue" title=" fatigue"> fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20stir%20welding%28FSW%29" title=" friction stir welding(FSW)"> friction stir welding(FSW)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-hardness" title=" micro-hardness"> micro-hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underwater" title=" underwater"> underwater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7606/a-comparison-of-double-sided-friction-stir-welding-in-air-and-underwater-for-6mm-s275-steel-plate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">713</span> Combining the Fictitious Stress Method and Displacement Discontinuity Method in Solving Crack Problems in Anisotropic Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahatti%CC%87n%20Ki%CC%87men%C3%A7e">Bahatti̇n Ki̇mençe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U%C4%9Fur%20Ki%CC%87men%C3%A7e"> Uğur Ki̇mençe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the purpose of obtaining the influence functions of the displacement discontinuity in an anisotropic elastic medium is to produce the boundary element equations. A Displacement Discontinuous Method formulation (DDM) is presented with the aim of modeling two-dimensional elastic fracture problems. This formulation is found by analytical integration of the fundamental solution along a straight-line crack. With this purpose, Kelvin's fundamental solutions for anisotropic media on an infinite plane are used to form dipoles from singular loads, and the various combinations of the said dipoles are used to obtain the influence functions of displacement discontinuity. This study introduces a technique for coupling Fictitious Stress Method (FSM) and DDM; the reason for applying this technique to some examples is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed coupling method. In this study, displacement discontinuity equations are obtained by using dipole solutions calculated with known singular force solutions in an anisotropic medium. The displacement discontinuities method obtained from the solutions of these equations and the fictitious stress methods is combined and compared with various examples. In this study, one or more crack problems with various geometries in rectangular plates in finite and infinite regions, under the effect of tensile stress with coupled FSM and DDM in the anisotropic environment, were examined, and the effectiveness of the coupled method was demonstrated. Since crack problems can be modeled more easily with DDM, it has been observed that the use of DDM has increased recently. In obtaining the displacement discontinuity equations, Papkovitch functions were used in Crouch, and harmonic functions were chosen to satisfy various boundary conditions. A comparison is made between two indirect boundary element formulations, DDM, and an extension of FSM, for solving problems involving cracks. Several numerical examples are presented, and the outcomes are contrasted to existing analytical or reference outs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacement%20discontinuity%20method" title="displacement discontinuity method">displacement discontinuity method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fictitious%20stress%20method" title=" fictitious stress method"> fictitious stress method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%20problems" title=" crack problems"> crack problems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropic%20material" title=" anisotropic material"> anisotropic material</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162296/combining-the-fictitious-stress-method-and-displacement-discontinuity-method-in-solving-crack-problems-in-anisotropic-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">712</span> Effects of Occupational Therapy on Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sedef%20%C5%9Eahin">Sedef Şahin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meral%20Huri"> Meral Huri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cerebral Palsy (CP) represents the most frequent cause of physical disability in children with a rate of 2,9 per 1000 live births. The activity-focused intervention is known to improve function and reduce activity limitations and barriers to participation of children with disabilities. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of occupational therapy on level of fatigue, activity performance and satisfaction in children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy. Twenty-two children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy (mean age: 9,3 ± 2.1years; Gross Motor Function Classification System ( GMFCS) level from I to V (I = 54%, II = 23%, III = 14%, IV= 9%, V= 0%), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) level from I to V (I = 40%, II = 32%, III = 14%, IV= 10%, V= 4%), were assigned to occupational therapy program for 6 weeks.Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used for intensity of the fatigue they experienced at the time on a 10 point Likert scale (1-10).Activity performance and satisfaction were measured with Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM).A client-centered occupational therapy intervention was designed according to results of COPM. The results were compared with nonparametric Wilcoxon test before and after the intervention. Thirteen of the children were right-handed, whereas nine of the children were left handed.Six weeks of intervention showed statistically significant differences in level of fatigue, compared to first assessment(p<0,05). The mean score of first and the second activity performance scores were 4.51 ± 1.70 and 7.35 ± 2.51 respectively. Statistically significant difference between performance scores were found (p<0.01). The mean scores of first and second activity satisfaction scores were of 2.30± 1.05 and 5.51 ± 2.26 respectively. Statistically significant difference between satisfaction assessments were found (p<0.01). Occupational therapy is an evidence-based approach and occupational therapy interventions implemented by therapists were clinically effective on severity of fatigue, activity performance and satisfaction if implemented individually during 6 weeks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activity%20performance" title="activity performance">activity performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerebral%20palsy" title=" cerebral palsy"> cerebral palsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue" title=" fatigue"> fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20therapy" title=" occupational therapy"> occupational therapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77014/effects-of-occupational-therapy-on-children-with-unilateral-cerebral-palsy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77014.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">711</span> Tensile Behavior of Oil Palm Fiber Concrete (OPFC) with Different Fiber Volume </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khairul%20Zahreen%20Mohd%20Arof">Khairul Zahreen Mohd Arof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahimah%20Muhamad"> Rahimah Muhamad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oil palm fiber (OPF) is a fibrous material produced from the waste of palm oil industry which is suitable to be used in construction industry. The applications of OPF in concrete can reduce the material costs and enhance concrete behavior. Dog-bone test provides significant results for investigating the behavior of fiber reinforced concrete under tensile loading. It is able to provide stress-strain profile, modulus of elasticity, stress at cracking point and total crack width. In this research, dog-bone tests have been conducted to analyze total crack width, stress-strain profile, and modulus of elasticity of OPFC. Specimens are in a dog-bone shape with a long notch in the middle as compared to the end, to ensure cracks occur only within the notch. Tests were instrumented using a universal testing machine Shimadzu 300kN, a linear variable differential transformer and two strain gauges. A total of nine specimens with different fibers at fiber volume fractions of 0.75%, 1.00%, and 1.25% have been tested to analyze the behavior under tensile loading. Also, three specimens of plain concrete fiber have been tested as control specimens. The tensile test of all specimens have been carried out for concrete age exceed 28 days. It shows that OPFC able to reduce total crack width. In addition, OPFC has higher cracking stress than plain concrete. The study shows plain concrete can be improved with the addition of OPF. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cracks" title="cracks">cracks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%20width" title=" crack width"> crack width</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dog-bone%20test" title=" dog-bone test"> dog-bone test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20palm%20fiber%20concrete" title=" oil palm fiber concrete"> oil palm fiber concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63754/tensile-behavior-of-oil-palm-fiber-concrete-opfc-with-different-fiber-volume" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63754.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">710</span> Microstructural Investigation and Fatigue Damage Quantification of Anisotropic Behavior in AA2017 Aluminum Alloy under Cyclic Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelghani%20May">Abdelghani May</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reports on experimental investigations concerning the underlying reasons for the anisotropic behavior observed during the cyclic loading of AA2017 aluminum alloy. Initially, we quantified the evolution of fatigue damage resulting from controlled proportional cyclic loadings along the axial and shear directions. Our primary objective at this stage was to verify the anisotropic mechanical behavior recently observed. To accomplish this, we utilized various models of fatigue damage quantification and conducted a comparative study of the obtained results. Our analysis confirmed the anisotropic nature of the material under investigation. In the subsequent step, we performed microstructural investigations aimed at understanding the origins of the anisotropic mechanical behavior. To this end, we utilized scanning electron microscopy to examine the phases and precipitates in both the transversal and longitudinal sections. Our findings indicate that the structure and morphology of these entities are responsible for the anisotropic behavior observed in the aluminum alloy. Furthermore, results obtained from Kikuchi diagrams, pole figures, and inverse pole figures have corroborated these conclusions. These findings demonstrate significant differences in the crystallographic texture of the material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructural%20investigation" title="microstructural investigation">microstructural investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20damage%20quantification" title=" fatigue damage quantification"> fatigue damage quantification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropic%20behavior" title=" anisotropic behavior"> anisotropic behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AA2017%20aluminum%20alloy" title=" AA2017 aluminum alloy"> AA2017 aluminum alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20loading" title=" cyclic loading"> cyclic loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallographic%20texture" title=" crystallographic texture"> crystallographic texture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scanning%20electron%20microscopy" title=" scanning electron microscopy"> scanning electron microscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165414/microstructural-investigation-and-fatigue-damage-quantification-of-anisotropic-behavior-in-aa2017-aluminum-alloy-under-cyclic-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165414.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">709</span> An Investigation of the Fracture Behavior of Model MgO-C Refractories Using the Discrete Element Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J%C3%BAlia%20Cristina%20Bonaldo">Júlia Cristina Bonaldo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christophe%20L.%20Martin"> Christophe L. Martin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martiniano%20Piccico"> Martiniano Piccico</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keith%20Beale"> Keith Beale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roop%20Kishore"> Roop Kishore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Severine%20Romero-Baivier"> Severine Romero-Baivier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Refractory composite materials employed in steel casting applications are prone to cracking and material damage because of the very high operating temperature (thermal shock) and mismatched properties of the constituent phases. The fracture behavior of a model MgO-C composite refractory is investigated to quantify and characterize its thermal shock resistance, employing a cold crushing test and Brazilian test with fractographic analysis. The discrete element method (DEM) is used to generate numerical refractory composites. The composite in DEM is represented by an assembly of bonded particle clusters forming perfectly spherical aggregates and single spherical particles. For the stresses to converge with a low standard deviation and a minimum number of particles to allow reasonable CPU calculation time, representative volume element (RVE) numerical packings are created with various numbers of particles. Key microscopic properties are calibrated sequentially by comparing stress-strain curves from crushing experimental data. Comparing simulations with experiments also allows for the evaluation of crack propagation, fracture energy, and strength. The crack propagation during Brazilian experimental tests is monitored with digital image correlation (DIC). Simulations and experiments reveal three distinct types of fracture. The crack may spread throughout the aggregate, at the aggregate-matrix interface, or throughout the matrix. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refractory%20composite" title="refractory composite">refractory composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture%20mechanics" title=" fracture mechanics"> fracture mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%20propagation" title=" crack propagation"> crack propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEM" title=" DEM"> DEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172105/an-investigation-of-the-fracture-behavior-of-model-mgo-c-refractories-using-the-discrete-element-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">708</span> The Contribution of Hip Strategy in Dynamic Balance in Recurrent Ankle Sprain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radwa%20Talaat%20Mohammed%20El-Shorbagy">Radwa Talaat Mohammed El-Shorbagy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20El-Din%20Balbaa"> Alaa El-Din Balbaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Ayad"> Khaled Ayad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Red"> Waleed Red</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Ankle sprain is a common lower limb injury that is complicated by high recurrence rate. The cause of recurrence is not clear; however, changes in motor control have been postulated. Objective: To determine the contribution of proximal hip strategy to dynamic balance control in patients with recurrent ankle sprain. Methods: Fifteen subjects with recurrent ankle sprain (group A) and fifteen healthy control subjects (group B) participated in this study. Abductor-adductors as well as flexor-extensor hip musculatures control was abolished by fatigue using the Biodex Isokinetic system. Dynamic balance was measured before and after fatigue by the Biodex Balance system Results: Repeated measures MANOVA was used to compare between and within group differences. In group A fatiguing of hip muscles (flexors-extensors and abductors-adductors) increased overall stability index (OASI), anteroposterior stability index (APSI) and mediolateral stability index (MLSI) significantly (p=0.00) whereas; in group B fatiguing of hip flexors-extensors increased significantly OASI and APSI only (p= 0.017, 0.010; respectively) while fatiguing of hip abductors-adductors has no significant effect on these variables. Moreover, patients with ankle sprain had significantly lower dynamic balance after hip muscles fatigue compared to the control group. Specifically, after hip flexor-extensor fatigue, the OASI, APSI and MLSI were increased significantly than those of the control values (p=0.002, 0.011, and 0.003, respectively) whereas fatiguing of hip abductors-adductors increased significantly in OASI and APSI only (p=0.012, 0.026, respectively). Conclusion: To maintain dynamic balance, patients with recurrent ankle sprain seem to relay more on the hip strategy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ankle%20sprain" title="ankle sprain">ankle sprain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hip%20muscles%20fatigue" title=" hip muscles fatigue"> hip muscles fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20balance" title=" dynamic balance"> dynamic balance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23132/the-contribution-of-hip-strategy-in-dynamic-balance-in-recurrent-ankle-sprain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">490</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">707</span> Multi-Objective Optimization and Effect of Surface Conditions on Fatigue Performance of Burnished Components Made of AISI 52100 Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ouahiba%20Taamallah">Ouahiba Taamallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20Litim"> Tarek Litim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study deals with the burnishing effect of AISI 52100 steel and parameters influence (Py, i and f on surface integrity. The results show that the optimal effects are closely related to the treatment parameters. With a 92% improvement in roughness, SB can be defined as a finishing operation within the machining range. Due to 85% gain in consolidation rate, this treatment constitutes an efficient process for work-hardening of material. In addition, a statistical study based on regression and Taguchi's design has made it possible to develop mathematical models to predict output responses according to the studied burnishing parameters. Response Surface Methodology RSM showed a simultaneous influence of the burnishing parameters and to observe the optimal parameters of the treatment. ANOVA Analysis of results led to validate the prediction model with a determination coefficient R2=94.60% and R2=93.41% for surface roughness and micro-hardness, respectively. Furthermore, a multi-objective optimization allowed to identify a regime characterized by P=20 Kgf, i=5 passes and f=0.08 mm.rev-1, which favors minimum surface roughness and a maximum of micro-hardness. The result was validated by a composite desirability D_i=1 for both surface roughness and microhardness, respectively. Applying optimal parameters, burnishing showed its beneficial effects in fatigue resistance, especially for imposed loading in the low cycle fatigue of the material where the lifespan increased by 90%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AISI%2052100%20steel" title="AISI 52100 steel">AISI 52100 steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=burnishing" title=" burnishing"> burnishing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi" title=" Taguchi"> Taguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue" title=" fatigue"> fatigue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140752/multi-objective-optimization-and-effect-of-surface-conditions-on-fatigue-performance-of-burnished-components-made-of-aisi-52100-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">706</span> Additive Weibull Model Using Warranty Claim and Finite Element Analysis Fatigue Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanchan%20Mondal">Kanchan Mondal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dasharath%20Koulage"> Dasharath Koulage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dattatray%20Manerikar"> Dattatray Manerikar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asmita%20Ghate"> Asmita Ghate</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an additive reliability model using warranty data and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) data. Warranty data for any product gives insight to its underlying issues. This is often used by Reliability Engineers to build prediction model to forecast failure rate of parts. But there is one major limitation in using warranty data for prediction. Warranty periods constitute only a small fraction of total lifetime of a product, most of the time it covers only the infant mortality and useful life zone of a bathtub curve. Predicting with warranty data alone in these cases is not generally provide results with desired accuracy. Failure rate of a mechanical part is driven by random issues initially and wear-out or usage related issues at later stages of the lifetime. For better predictability of failure rate, one need to explore the failure rate behavior at wear out zone of a bathtub curve. Due to cost and time constraints, it is not always possible to test samples till failure, but FEA-Fatigue analysis can provide the failure rate behavior of a part much beyond warranty period in a quicker time and at lesser cost. In this work, the authors proposed an Additive Weibull Model, which make use of both warranty and FEA fatigue analysis data for predicting failure rates. It involves modeling of two data sets of a part, one with existing warranty claims and other with fatigue life data. Hazard rate base Weibull estimation has been used for the modeling the warranty data whereas S-N curved based Weibull parameter estimation is used for FEA data. Two separate Weibull models’ parameters are estimated and combined to form the proposed Additive Weibull Model for prediction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bathtub%20curve" title="bathtub curve">bathtub curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue" title=" fatigue"> fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEA" title=" FEA"> FEA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=warranty" title=" warranty"> warranty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weibull" title=" Weibull"> Weibull</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179222/additive-weibull-model-using-warranty-claim-and-finite-element-analysis-fatigue-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">705</span> A Systematic Review on Measuring the Physical Activity Level and Pattern in Persons with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuni%20Vergauwen">Kuni Vergauwen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20P.%20J.%20Huijnen"> Ivan P. J. Huijnen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Astrid%20Depuydt"> Astrid Depuydt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasmine%20Van%20Regenmortel"> Jasmine Van Regenmortel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mira%20Meeus"> Mira Meeus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A lower activity level and imbalanced activity pattern are frequently observed in persons with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) / myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) due to debilitating fatigue and post-exertional malaise (PEM). Identification of measurement instruments to evaluate the activity level and pattern is therefore important. The objective is to identify measurement instruments suited to evaluate the activity level and/or pattern in patients with CFS/ME and review their psychometric properties. A systematic literature search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science until 12 October 2016. Articles including relevant measurement instruments were identified and included for further analysis. The psychometric properties of relevant measurement instruments were extracted from the included articles and rated based on the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. The review was performed and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. A total of 49 articles and 15 unique measurement instruments were found, but only three instruments were evaluated in patients with CFS/ME: the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-Activity Questionnaire (CFS-AQ), Activity Pattern Interview (API) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), three self-report instruments measuring the physical activity level. The IPAQ-SF, CFS-AQ and API are all equally capable of evaluating the physical activity level, but none of the three measurement instruments are optimal to use. No studies about the psychometric properties of activity monitors in patients with CFS/ME were found, although they are often used as the gold standard to measure the physical activity pattern. More research is needed to evaluate the psychometric properties of existing instruments, including the use of activity monitors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20fatigue%20syndrome" title="chronic fatigue syndrome">chronic fatigue syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20collection" title=" data collection"> data collection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20activity" title=" physical activity"> physical activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychometrics" title=" psychometrics"> psychometrics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57390/a-systematic-review-on-measuring-the-physical-activity-level-and-pattern-in-persons-with-chronic-fatigue-syndrome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57390.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">704</span> Modeling of Thermo Acoustic Emission Memory Effect in Rocks of Varying Textures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Vinnikov">Vladimir Vinnikov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper proposes a model of an inhomogeneous rock mass with initially random distribution of microcracks on mineral grain boundaries. It describes the behavior of cracks in a medium under the effect of thermal field, the medium heated instantaneously to a predetermined temperature. Crack growth occurs according to the concept of fracture mechanics provided that the stress intensity factor K exceeds the critical value of Kc. The modeling of thermally induced acoustic emission memory effects is based on the assumption that every event of crack nucleation or crack growth caused by heating is accompanied with a single acoustic emission event. Parameters of the thermally induced acoustic emission memory effect produced by cyclic heating and cooling (with the temperature amplitude increasing from cycle to cycle) were calculated for several rock texture types (massive, banded, and disseminated). The study substantiates the adaptation of the proposed model to humidity interference with the thermally induced acoustic emission memory effect. The influence of humidity on the thermally induced acoustic emission memory effect in quasi-homogeneous and banded rocks is estimated. It is shown that such modeling allows the structure and texture of rocks to be taken into account and the influence of interference factors on the distinctness of the thermally induced acoustic emission memory effect to be estimated. The numerical modeling can be used to obtain information about the thermal impacts on rocks in the past and determine the degree of rock disturbance by means of non-destructive testing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%20growth" title="crack growth">crack growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20heating%20and%20cooling" title=" cyclic heating and cooling"> cyclic heating and cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20texture" title=" rock texture"> rock texture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermo%20acoustic%20emission%20memory%20effect" title=" thermo acoustic emission memory effect"> thermo acoustic emission memory effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61462/modeling-of-thermo-acoustic-emission-memory-effect-in-rocks-of-varying-textures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">703</span> A Failure Investigations of High-Temperature Hydrogen Attack at Plat Forming Unit Furnace Elbow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Altoumi%20Alndalusi">Altoumi Alndalusi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) failure is the common phenomena at elevated temperature in hydrogen environment in oil and gas field. The failure occurred once after four years at the internal surface of Platforming elbow. Both visual and microscopic examinations revealed that the failure was initiated due to blistering forming followed by large cracking at the inner surface. Crack morphology showed that the crack depth was about 50% of material wall thickness and its behavior generally was intergranular. This study concluded that the main reason led to failure due to incorrect material selection comparing to the platforming conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decarburization" title="decarburization">decarburization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure" title=" failure"> failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20affected%20zone" title=" heat affected zone"> heat affected zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20pressure" title=" partial pressure"> partial pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plate%20form" title=" plate form"> plate form</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97396/a-failure-investigations-of-high-temperature-hydrogen-attack-at-plat-forming-unit-furnace-elbow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">702</span> Mechanistic Study of Composite Pavement Behavior in Heavy Duty Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makara%20Rith">Makara Rith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Kyu%20Kim"> Young Kyu Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung%20Woo%20Lee"> Seung Woo Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In heavy duty areas, asphalt pavement constructed as entrance roadway may expose distresses such as cracking and rutting during service life. To mitigate these problems, composite pavement with a roller-compacted concrete base may be a good alternative; however, it should be initially investigated. Structural performances such as fatigue cracking and rut depth may be changed due to variation of some design factors. Therefore, this study focuses on the variation effect of material modulus, layer thickness and loading on composite pavement performances. Stress and strain at the critical location are determined and used as the input of transfer function for corresponding distresses to evaluate the pavement performance. Also, composite pavement satisfying the design criteria may be selected as a design section for heavy duty areas. Consequently, this investigation indicates that composite pavement has the ability to eliminate fatigue cracking in asphalt surfaces and significantly reduce rut depth. In addition, a thick or strong rigid base can significantly reduce rut depth and prolong fatigue life of this layer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20pavement" title="composite pavement">composite pavement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ports" title=" ports"> ports</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cracking" title=" cracking"> cracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rutting" title=" rutting"> rutting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85660/mechanistic-study-of-composite-pavement-behavior-in-heavy-duty-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">701</span> In Situ Analysis of the Effect of Twinning on Deformation and Cracking of Magnesium Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaoqun%20Zhao">Chaoqun Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gang%20Fang"> Gang Fang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Twinning is an important deformation mechanism of magnesium alloys, but there is no consensus on the relationship between twinning and ductility. To comprehensively understand the effect of twinning on plastic deformation and cracking, the in situ tensile tests of a magnesium alloy sample along its extrusion direction were conducted, accompanied by the observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The misorientation angles around specific axes and trace analysis of grains were used to identify the active twinning systems. The results show that the area fraction of tension twins increases with the increasing strain, resulting in the c-axes of most grains rotating from the normal direction to the transverse direction, and the intensity of (0002) pole is weakened. Based on the analysis of kernel average misorientation (KAM) and SEM maps, it is found that the appearance of tension twins accommodates plastic deformation. However, the stress concentration caused by the intersection of tension twinning with the second phase can lead to crack initiation, and the crack propagates along the direction perpendicular to the tension twinning. For contraction twinning, it plays a role in plastic relaxation and improving strain compatibility during deformation, and is not a necessary potential mechanism of crack nucleation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20alloy" title="magnesium alloy">magnesium alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cracking" title=" cracking"> cracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20EBSD" title=" in-situ EBSD"> in-situ EBSD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twinning" title=" twinning"> twinning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190893/in-situ-analysis-of-the-effect-of-twinning-on-deformation-and-cracking-of-magnesium-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">700</span> The Conceptualization of the Term “Feeling Stressed” Among Polyvalent Nursing Students at ISPITS of Rabat-Morocco</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ktiri%20Fouad">Ktiri Fouad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: The present study examined how the polyvalent nursing students of the Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques (ISPITS-Rabat-Morocco) conceived the term "feeling stressed.” We checked whether they were referring to a specific type of sensation (emotional, mental, physical) or both or all of them when they said they were stressed at the time they felt it. Materials and methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among students of the three years of polyvalent nursing courses. Using a 7-Likert scale, the students were asked to assess their states of stress and the emotional, mental and physical sensations they were experiencing before and after carrying out a mental arithmetic task. An ordinal logistic regression method was used to investigate the association between the states of stress and the 3 types of sensations. Results: 222 polyvalent nursing students out of 307 were included in the experience. Their increased perceived states of stress after carrying out the mental task were found to be significantly associated with emotional distress and mental fatigue and not with physical tiredness. The mental sensation (mental fatigue) was found to have more effects in predicting the likelihood of feeling stressed. In addition, the lower the intensity of emotional or mental sensation, the more likely the students were to experience stress, given that one of both sensations is held constant, whatever the intensity of the physical sensation. We conclude that the polyvalent nursing students refer to mental fatigue and emotional distress and not to physical tiredness when they say they felt stressed, the mental fatigue having more effects. The implications of the study are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feeling%20stressed%E2%80%9D" title="feeling stressed”">feeling stressed”</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotional%20sensation" title=" emotional sensation"> emotional sensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20sensation" title=" mental sensation"> mental sensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20sensation" title=" physical sensation"> physical sensation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165428/the-conceptualization-of-the-term-feeling-stressed-among-polyvalent-nursing-students-at-ispits-of-rabat-morocco" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">699</span> Lightweight Concrete Fracture Energy Derived by Inverse Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minho%20Kwon">Minho Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seonghyeok%20Lee"> Seonghyeok Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wooyoung%20Jung"> Wooyoung Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, with increase of construction of skyscraper structures, the study of concrete materials to improve their weight and performance has been emerging as a key of research area. Typically, the concrete structures has disadvantage of increasing the weight due to its mass in comparison to the strength of the materials. Therefore, in order to improve such problems, the light-weight aggregate concrete and high strength concrete materials have been studied during the past decades. On the other hand, the study of light-weight aggregate concrete materials has lack of data in comparison to the concrete structure using high strength materials, relatively. Consequently, this study presents the performance characteristics of light-weight aggregate concrete materials due to the material properties and strength. Also, this study conducted the experimental tests with respect to normal and lightweight aggregate materials, in order to indentify the tensile crack failure of the concrete structures. As a result, the Crack Mouth Opening Displacement (CMOD) from the experimental tests was constructed and the fracture energy using inverse problem analysis was developed from the force-CMOD relationship in this study, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight%20aggregate%20concrete" title="lightweight aggregate concrete">lightweight aggregate concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%20mouth%20opening%20displacement" title=" crack mouth opening displacement"> crack mouth opening displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20analysis" title=" inverse analysis"> inverse analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture%20energy" title=" fracture energy"> fracture energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30044/lightweight-concrete-fracture-energy-derived-by-inverse-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30044.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">698</span> Stress Recovery and Durability Prediction of a Vehicular Structure with Random Road Dynamic Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia-Shiun%20Chen">Jia-Shiun Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quoc-Viet%20Huynh"> Quoc-Viet Huynh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work develops a flexible-body dynamic model of an all-terrain vehicle (ATV), capable of recovering dynamic stresses while the ATV travels on random bumpy roads. The fatigue life of components is forecasted as well. While considering the interaction between dynamic forces and structure deformation, the proposed model achieves a highly accurate structure stress prediction and fatigue life prediction. During the simulation, stress time history of the ATV structure is retrieved for life prediction. Finally, the hot sports of the ATV frame are located, and the frame life for combined road conditions is forecasted, i.e. 25833.6 hr. If the usage of vehicle is eight hours daily, the total vehicle frame life is 8.847 years. Moreover, the reaction force and deformation due to the dynamic motion can be described more accurately by using flexible body dynamics than by using rigid-body dynamics. Based on recommendations made in the product design stage before mass production, the proposed model can significantly lower development and testing costs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible-body%20dynamics" title="flexible-body dynamics">flexible-body dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=veicle" title=" veicle"> veicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamics" title=" dynamics"> dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue" title=" fatigue"> fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability" title=" durability"> durability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26684/stress-recovery-and-durability-prediction-of-a-vehicular-structure-with-random-road-dynamic-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">697</span> High Cycle Fatigue Analysis of a Lower Hopper Knuckle Connection of a Large Bulk Carrier under Dynamic Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaso%20K.%20Kapnopoulou">Vaso K. Kapnopoulou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piero%20Caridis"> Piero Caridis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The fatigue of ship structural details is of major concern in the maritime industry as it can generate fracture issues that may compromise structural integrity. In the present study, a fatigue analysis of the lower hopper knuckle connection of a bulk carrier was conducted using the Finite Element Method by means of ABAQUS/CAE software. The fatigue life was calculated using Miner’s Rule and the long-term distribution of stress range by the use of the two-parameter Weibull distribution. The cumulative damage ratio was estimated using the fatigue damage resulting from the stress range occurring at each load condition. For this purpose, a cargo hold model was first generated, which extends over the length of two holds (the mid-hold and half of each of the adjacent holds) and transversely over the full breadth of the hull girder. Following that, a submodel of the area of interest was extracted in order to calculate the hot spot stress of the connection and to estimate the fatigue life of the structural detail. Two hot spot locations were identified; one at the top layer of the inner bottom plate and one at the top layer of the hopper plate. The IACS Common Structural Rules (CSR) require that specific dynamic load cases for each loading condition are assessed. Following this, the dynamic load case that causes the highest stress range at each loading condition should be used in the fatigue analysis for the calculation of the cumulative fatigue damage ratio. Each load case has a different effect on ship hull response. Of main concern, when assessing the fatigue strength of the lower hopper knuckle connection, was the determination of the maximum, i.e. the critical value of the stress range, which acts in a direction normal to the weld toe line. This acts in the transverse direction, that is, perpendicularly to the ship's centerline axis. The load cases were explored both theoretically and numerically in order to establish the one that causes the highest damage to the location examined. The most severe one was identified to be the load case induced by beam sea condition where the encountered wave comes from the starboard. At the level of the cargo hold model, the model was assumed to be simply supported at its ends. A coarse mesh was generated in order to represent the overall stiffness of the structure. The elements employed were quadrilateral shell elements, each having four integration points. A linear elastic analysis was performed because linear elastic material behavior can be presumed, since only localized yielding is allowed by most design codes. At the submodel level, the displacements of the analysis of the cargo hold model to the outer region nodes of the submodel acted as boundary conditions and applied loading for the submodel. In order to calculate the hot spot stress at the hot spot locations, a very fine mesh zone was generated and used. The fatigue life of the detail was found to be 16.4 years which is lower than the design fatigue life of the structure (25 years), making this location vulnerable to fatigue fracture issues. Moreover, the loading conditions that induce the most damage to the location were found to be the various ballasting conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20load%20cases" title="dynamic load cases">dynamic load cases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20cycle%20fatigue" title=" high cycle fatigue"> high cycle fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lower%20hopper%20knuckle" title=" lower hopper knuckle"> lower hopper knuckle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68040/high-cycle-fatigue-analysis-of-a-lower-hopper-knuckle-connection-of-a-large-bulk-carrier-under-dynamic-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">696</span> Calculating Stress Intensity Factor of Cracked Axis by Using a Meshless Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Shahrooi">S. Shahrooi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Talavari"> A. Talavari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numeral study on the crack and discontinuity using element-free methods has been widely spread in recent years. In this study, for stress intensity factor calculation of the cracked axis under torsional loading has been used from a new element-free method as MLPG method. Region range is discretized by some dispersed nodal points. From method of moving least square (MLS) utilized to create the functions using these nodal points. Then, results of meshless method and finite element method (FEM) were compared. The results is shown which the element-free method was of good accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20intensity%20factor" title="stress intensity factor">stress intensity factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack" title=" crack"> crack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torsional%20loading" title=" torsional loading"> torsional loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meshless%20method" title=" meshless method "> meshless method </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18554/calculating-stress-intensity-factor-of-cracked-axis-by-using-a-meshless-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">565</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">695</span> Analysis of Artificial Hip Joint Using Finite Element Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Zameer">Syed Zameer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Haneef"> Mohamed Haneef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hip joint plays very important role in human beings as it takes up the whole body forces generated due to various activities. These loads are repetitive and fluctuating depending on the activities such as standing, sitting, jogging, stair casing, climbing, etc. which may lead to failure of Hip joint. Hip joint modification and replacement are common in old aged persons as well as younger persons. In this research study static and Fatigue analysis of Hip joint model was carried out using finite element software ANSYS. Stress distribution obtained from result of static analysis, material properties and S-N curve data of fabricated Ultra High molecular weight polyethylene / 50 wt% short E glass fibres + 40 wt% TiO2 Polymer matrix composites specimens were used to estimate fatigue life of Hip joint using stiffness Degradation model for polymer matrix composites. The stress distribution obtained from static analysis was found to be within the acceptable range.The factor of safety calculated from linear Palmgren linear damage rule is less than one, which indicates the component is safe under the design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hip%20joint" title="hip joint">hip joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20matrix%20composite" title=" polymer matrix composite"> polymer matrix composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20analysis" title=" static analysis"> static analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20analysis" title=" fatigue analysis"> fatigue analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20life%20approach" title=" stress life approach"> stress life approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20794/analysis-of-artificial-hip-joint-using-finite-element-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20crack&page=9" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20crack&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20crack&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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