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BME\u3068DMEM\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u306e\u7d44\u6210\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\r\n\r\n\r\n\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\r\n\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\r\n\u6fc3\u5ea6\uff08mg\/L\uff09\r\n\u5099\u8003\r\n\r\n\r\nBME\r\nDMEM\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Arginine hydrochloride\r\n211\r\n21\r\n84\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Cystine 2HCl\r\n313\r\n16\r\n63\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Histidine\r\n155\r\n8\r\n-\r\n0.05 mM\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Histidine hydrochloride-H2O\r\n210\r\n-\r\n42\r\n0.20 mM\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Isoleucine\r\n131\r\n26\r\n105\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Leucine\r\n131\r\n26\r\n105\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Lysine hydrochloride\r\n183\r\n36.47\r\n146\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Methionine\r\n149\r\n7.5\r\n30\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Phenylalanine\r\n165\r\n16.5\r\n66\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Threonine\r\n119\r\n24\r\n95\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Tryptophan\r\n204\r\n4\r\n16\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Tyrosine disodium salt dihydrate\r\n261\r\n26\r\n104\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Valine\r\n117\r\n23.5\r\n94\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002Glycine\r\n75\r\n-\r\n30\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Serine\r\n105\r\n-\r\n42\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u88681\u306fBME\u3068DMEM\u306e\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u7d44\u6210\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u3067\u3059\u3002\u524d\u8ff0\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u306f\u201dFourfold concentration of amino \u2026","hashtag":"ThermoFisherJP","subscribe":"content","subscribe_url":"","activestatus":"1","singular":"1","twitter_popup":"1","refresh":"0","nonce":"512ab7dbaa","postid":"16858","servertime":"1732730182","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/blog\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/learning-at-the-bench/wp-content/plugins/mashsharer/assets/js/mashsb.min.js?ver=4.0.47" id="mashsb-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/learning-at-the-bench/wp-content/plugins/mashshare-google-analytics/assets/js/mashga.min.js?ver=1.0.9" id="mashga-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="mashnet-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var mashnet = {"body":"Check out this article I just read:","subject":"Check out this article from Accelerating Science","pinterest_select":"1","pinterest_image":"https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/learning-at-the-bench\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2022\/08\/shutterstock_1268286616-scaled.jpg","pinterest_desc":"\u7d30\u80de\u57f9\u990a\u5b9f\u9a13\u306b\u7740\u624b\u3057\u3066\u6700\u521d\u306b\u624b\u306b\u3057\u305f\u57fa\u790e\u57f9\u5730\u304cDulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium\uff08DMEM\uff09\u3060\u3063\u305f\u65b9\u306f\u591a\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u30021959\u5e74\u306bRenato Dulbecco\u3089\u304c\u767a\u8868\u3057\u3066\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u6570\u3048\u304d\u308c\u306a\u3044\u307b\u3069\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u7d30\u80de\u306e\u57f9\u990a\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3044\u307e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30eb\u306e\u7d44\u6210\u306e\u57f9\u5730\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6210\u5206\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3092\u6539\u5909\u3057\u305f\u57f9\u5730\u304c\u30e1\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u5404\u793e\u304b\u3089\u591a\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\r\n\r\n\u5f53\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u306f\u3058\u3081\u306bDMEM\u306e\u7d44\u6210\u304c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u80cc\u666f\u3092\u632f\u308a\u8fd4\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5b9a\u756a\u306eDMEM\u3001\u7d44\u6210\u6539\u5909\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6a5f\u80fd\u30fb\u5229\u4fbf\u6027\u304c\u5411\u4e0a\u3057\u305fDMEM\u3001\u88fd\u54c1\u540d\u306bDMEM\u3068\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044DMEM\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u88fd\u54c1\u306a\u3069\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306aDMEM\u306e\u4ef2\u9593\u305f\u3061\u3092\u3054\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\r\n\r\n\u306a\u304a\u3001\u5f53\u793e\u306f20\u7a2e\u985e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u7d44\u6210\u306eDMEM\u88fd\u54c1\u3092\u6271\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f53\u793e\u306eWeb\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u306b\u3042\u308b\u300c\u57f9\u5730\u7d44\u6210\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\uff08Cell Culture Media Formulation Tool\uff09\u300d\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3068\u3001\u5e0c\u671b\u306e\u7d44\u6210\u306e\u88fd\u54c1\u3092\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u57f9\u5730\u7d44\u6210\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u306fDMEM\u3001DMEM\/F-12\u3001MEM\u3001RPMI 1640\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305c\u3072\u3054\u6d3b\u7528\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\r\n\r\n\u25bc\u3053\u3093\u306a\u65b9\u306b\u304a\u3059\u3059\u3081\u3067\u3059\uff01\r\n\u30fb\u7d30\u80de\u57f9\u990a\u3084\u7d44\u7e54\u57f9\u990a\u3092\u3053\u308c\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u3081\u308b\u65b9\r\n\u30fb\u7d30\u80de\u57f9\u990a\u3084\u7d44\u7e54\u57f9\u990a\u3092\u5b9f\u65bd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u65b9\r\n\u30fb\u57fa\u790e\u57f9\u5730\u306e\u9078\u3073\u65b9\u306b\u304a\u56f0\u308a\u306e\u65b9\r\n\r\nDMEM\u306e\u521d\u51fa\u6587\u732e\r\n\u4e0a\u8ff0\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3001DMEM\u306f1959\u5e74\u306bDulbecco\u3089\u304c\u767a\u8868\u3057\u305f\u8ad6\u6587\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e1\uff09\u306b\u201dmodified Eagle\u2019s medium\u201d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u521d\u3081\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u8ad6\u6587\u5185\u306e\u6ce8\u91c8\u306b\u306f\u3001\u57f9\u5730\u306e\u7d44\u6210\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u201dFourfold concentration of amino acid and vitamins.\u201d\u3068\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306eEagle\u2019s medium\u306f1955\u5e74\u306bHarry Eagle\u304c\u767a\u8868\u3057\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u3067\u306fBasal Medium Eagle\uff08BME\uff09\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u57f9\u5730\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u601d\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\uff08\u95a2\u9023\u8a18\u4e8b\u300c\u57fa\u790e\u57f9\u5730\u306e\u958b\u767a\u3068\u682a\u7d30\u80de\u306e\u8a95\u751f\u306e\u6df1\u3044\u95a2\u4fc2\u300d\u3001\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e2\uff09\uff09\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067\u3001\u5f53\u793e\u306eBME\uff08\u88fd\u54c1\u756a\u53f721010046\uff09\u3068DMEM\uff08\u88fd\u54c1\u756a\u53f711960044\uff09\u306e\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u3068\u30d3\u30bf\u30df\u30f3\u985e\u306e\u7d44\u6210\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002BME\u304cL-Glutamine\u3092\u542b\u307e\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001DMEM\u3082L-Glutamine\u3092\u542b\u307e\u306a\u3044\u88fd\u54c1\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u306a\u304a\u3001\u57f9\u5730\u306e\u7d44\u6210\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306f\u3001\u91cd\u91cf\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u30e2\u30eb\u6fc3\u5ea6\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u304a\u52e7\u3081\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u88fd\u54c1\u3084\u30e1\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u88fd\u9020\u539f\u6599\u306e\u6c34\u548c\u7269\u3084\u91d1\u5c5e\u5869\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u306b\u9055\u3044\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u539f\u6599\u306e\u91cd\u91cf\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306b\u9055\u3044\u304c\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u57f9\u5730\u7d44\u6210\u306e\u6709\u52b9\u6210\u5206\u306e\u6fc3\u5ea6\u306f\u540c\u3058\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3059\u3002\r\n\r\n\u88681. BME\u3068DMEM\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u306e\u7d44\u6210\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\r\n\r\n\r\n\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\r\n\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\r\n\u6fc3\u5ea6\uff08mg\/L\uff09\r\n\u5099\u8003\r\n\r\n\r\nBME\r\nDMEM\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Arginine hydrochloride\r\n211\r\n21\r\n84\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Cystine 2HCl\r\n313\r\n16\r\n63\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Histidine\r\n155\r\n8\r\n-\r\n0.05 mM\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Histidine hydrochloride-H2O\r\n210\r\n-\r\n42\r\n0.20 mM\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Isoleucine\r\n131\r\n26\r\n105\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Leucine\r\n131\r\n26\r\n105\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Lysine hydrochloride\r\n183\r\n36.47\r\n146\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Methionine\r\n149\r\n7.5\r\n30\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Phenylalanine\r\n165\r\n16.5\r\n66\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Threonine\r\n119\r\n24\r\n95\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Tryptophan\r\n204\r\n4\r\n16\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Tyrosine disodium salt dihydrate\r\n261\r\n26\r\n104\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Valine\r\n117\r\n23.5\r\n94\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002Glycine\r\n75\r\n-\r\n30\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2002L-Serine\r\n105\r\n-\r\n42\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u88681\u306fBME\u3068DMEM\u306e\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u7d44\u6210\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u3067\u3059\u3002\u524d\u8ff0\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u306f\u201dFourfold concentration of amino \u2026"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/learning-at-the-bench/wp-content/plugins/mashshare-networks/assets/js/mashnet.min.js?ver=2.5.3" id="mashnet-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog//wp-includes/js/underscore.min.js?ver=1.13.4" id="underscore-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog//wp-includes/js/backbone.min.js?ver=1.5.0" id="backbone-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-api-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var WP_API_Settings = 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</ul></nav></div></section> </div><div class="breadcrumb"><span class="breadcrumb-link-wrap"><a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/?">Accelerating Science</a></span><span class="breadcrumb-link-wrap"><a class="breadcrumb-link" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/learning-at-the-bench/"><span class="breadcrumb-link-text-wrap">Learning at the Bench</span></a><meta ></span> <span aria-label="breadcrumb separator">/</span> <span class="breadcrumb-link-wrap"><a class="breadcrumb-link" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/learning-at-the-bench/cell/"><span class="breadcrumb-link-text-wrap">細胞培養・イメージング</span></a><meta ></span> <span aria-label="breadcrumb separator">/</span> <span class="breadcrumb-current-title">定番中の定番！基礎培地DMEMと仲間たち</span></div></div></header><div class="site-inner"><div class="content-sidebar-wrap"><main class="content"><article class="post-16858 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-cell tag-stem-cell tag-cell-culture entry" aria-label="定番中の定番！基礎培地DMEMと仲間たち"><header class="entry-header"><h1 class="entry-title">定番中の定番！基礎培地DMEMと仲間たち</h1> <span class="post-info-author"> 作成者 <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/author/lgbadmin/" title="LatB Staff の投稿" rel="author">LatB Staff</a> </span> <span class="post-info-date"> 04.09.2024 </span> </header><div class="entry-content"><p>細胞培養実験に着手して最初に手にした基礎培地がDulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium（DMEM）だった方は多いでしょう。1959年にRenato Dulbeccoらが発表して以来、数えきれないほどの種類の細胞の培養に使用されています。いまでは、オリジナルの組成の培地だけでなく、成分の一部を改変した培地がメーカー各社から多数提供されており、ニーズに応じて使い分けられています。</p> <p>当記事では、はじめにDMEMの組成が決定された背景を振り返ります。そして、定番のDMEM、組成改変により機能・利便性が向上したDMEM、製品名にDMEMと表示されていないDMEMベースの製品など、さまざまなDMEMの仲間たちをご紹介します。</p> <p>なお、当社は20種類以上の組成のDMEM製品を扱っています。当社のWebサイトにある「<a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/jp/ja/home/life-science/cell-culture/mammalian-cell-culture/classical-media/gibco-media-formulation-tool.html?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">培地組成ツール（Cell Culture Media Formulation Tool）</a>」を使うと、希望の組成の製品を簡単に見つけることができます。培地組成ツールはDMEM、DMEM/F-12、MEM、RPMI 1640に対応しています。ぜひご活用ください。<br /> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/learning-at-the-bench/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/04/014c1e3112d8fc491d9be1f13b515f4f-1024x808.png" alt="Cell Culture Media Formulation Tool" width="760" height="600" class="aligncenter size-large wp-image-16882" srcset="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/learning-at-the-bench/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/04/014c1e3112d8fc491d9be1f13b515f4f-1024x808.png 1024w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/learning-at-the-bench/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/04/014c1e3112d8fc491d9be1f13b515f4f-300x237.png 300w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/learning-at-the-bench/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/04/014c1e3112d8fc491d9be1f13b515f4f-768x606.png 768w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/learning-at-the-bench/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/04/014c1e3112d8fc491d9be1f13b515f4f.png 1081w" sizes="(max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px" /><br /> ▼こんな方におすすめです！<br /> ・細胞培養や組織培養をこれから始める方<br /> ・細胞培養や組織培養を実施している方<br /> ・基礎培地の選び方にお困りの方</p> <div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">▼もくじ</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#DMEM">DMEMの初出文献</a></li><li><a href="#DMEM-2">DMEMの仲間たち</a></li><li><a href="#DMEM-3">特別に改良されたDMEMの仲間たち</a></li><li><a href="#i">まとめ</a><ul><li><a href="#Gibco">【無料ダウンロード】Gibco多能性幹細胞ハンドブック</a></li><li><a href="#Gibco-2">【無料ダウンロード】Gibco細胞培養基礎ハンドブック</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> <h2><span id="DMEM">DMEMの初出文献</span></h2> <p>上述の通り、DMEMは1959年にDulbeccoらが発表した論文（参考文献1）に”modified Eagle’s medium”として初めて記述されました。論文内の注釈には、培地の組成の説明として”Fourfold concentration of amino acid and vitamins.”とあります。ここでのEagle’s mediumは1955年にHarry Eagleが発表し、現在ではBasal Medium Eagle（BME）と呼ばれている培地を指していると思われます（関連記事<a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/learning-at-the-bench/cell-culture-history-2-bid-ts-6/?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">「基礎培地の開発と株細胞の誕生の深い関係」</a>、（参考文献2））。そこで、当社のBME（製品番号<a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/21010046?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">21010046</a>）とDMEM（製品番号<a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/11960044?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">11960044</a>）のアミノ酸とビタミン類の組成を比較してみました。BMEがL-Glutamineを含まないため、DMEMもL-Glutamineを含まない製品を選択しています。なお、培地の組成を比較する際は、重量濃度ではなくモル濃度を確認することをお勧めします。製品やメーカーによって製造原料の水和物や金属塩の種類に違いがあることがあり、原料の重量濃度に違いがあっても、培地組成の有効成分の濃度は同じことがあるためです。</p> <table style="border-collapse: collapse;border-color: silver" border="2"> <caption><b>表1. BMEとDMEMに含まれるアミノ酸の組成の比較</b></caption> <tbody> <tr bgcolor="#444444"> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center" width="40%"><font color="white"><b>アミノ酸</b></font></td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center" width="10%"><font color="white"><b>分子量</b></font></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center" width="20%"><font color="white"><b>濃度（mg/L）</b></font></td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center" width="10%"><font color="white"><b>備考</b></font></td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#444444"> <td style="text-align: center" width="10%"><font color="white"><b>BME</b></font></td> <td style="text-align: center" width="10%"><font color="white"><b>DMEM</b></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;L-Arginine hydrochloride</td> <td style="text-align: center">211</td> <td style="text-align: center">21</td> <td style="text-align: center">84</td> <td style="text-align: center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;L-Cystine 2HCl</td> <td style="text-align: center">313</td> <td style="text-align: center">16</td> <td style="text-align: center">63</td> <td style="text-align: center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;L-Histidine</td> <td style="text-align: center">155</td> <td style="text-align: center">8</td> <td style="text-align: center">–</td> <td style="text-align: center">0.05 mM</td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;L-Histidine hydrochloride-H<sub>2</sub>O</td> <td style="text-align: center">210</td> <td style="text-align: center">–</td> <td style="text-align: center">42</td> <td style="text-align: center">0.20 mM</td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;L-Isoleucine</td> <td style="text-align: center">131</td> <td style="text-align: center">26</td> <td style="text-align: center">105</td> <td style="text-align: center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;L-Leucine</td> <td style="text-align: center">131</td> <td style="text-align: center">26</td> <td style="text-align: center">105</td> <td style="text-align: center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;L-Lysine hydrochloride</td> <td style="text-align: center">183</td> <td style="text-align: center">36.47</td> <td style="text-align: center">146</td> <td style="text-align: center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;L-Methionine</td> <td style="text-align: center">149</td> <td style="text-align: center">7.5</td> <td style="text-align: center">30</td> <td style="text-align: center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;L-Phenylalanine</td> <td style="text-align: center">165</td> <td style="text-align: center">16.5</td> <td style="text-align: center">66</td> <td style="text-align: center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;L-Threonine</td> <td style="text-align: center">119</td> <td style="text-align: center">24</td> <td style="text-align: center">95</td> <td style="text-align: center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;L-Tryptophan</td> <td style="text-align: center">204</td> <td style="text-align: center">4</td> <td style="text-align: center">16</td> <td style="text-align: center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;L-Tyrosine disodium salt dihydrate</td> <td style="text-align: center">261</td> <td style="text-align: center">26</td> <td style="text-align: center">104</td> <td style="text-align: center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;L-Valine</td> <td style="text-align: center">117</td> <td style="text-align: center">23.5</td> <td style="text-align: center">94</td> <td style="text-align: center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;Glycine</td> <td style="text-align: center">75</td> <td style="text-align: center">–</td> <td style="text-align: center">30</td> <td style="text-align: center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;L-Serine</td> <td style="text-align: center">105</td> <td style="text-align: center">–</td> <td style="text-align: center">42</td> <td style="text-align: center"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>表1はBMEとDMEMのアミノ酸組成の比較です。前述の論文では”Fourfold concentration of amino acid”と記述されていますが、実際に比べてみるとそれだけではありませんでした。多くの構成成分は確かに4倍に増強されています。L-HistidineとL-Histidine hydrochloride-H<sub>2</sub>Oは製造原料の違いであり、モル濃度では4倍量に相当します。一方、BMEに含まれていないGlycineとL-SerinがDMEMでは追加されています。この事情についての記載はDulbeccoらの論文には見当たりませんが、BMEが発表された1956年から1959年まで期間に、ある種の細胞の培養にはGlycineやL-Serinが必要であることが報告されており、当時の最新の知見が反映されものではないかと推察されます（参考文献3、4）。</p> <table style="border-collapse: collapse;border-color: silver" border="2"> <caption><b>表2. BMEとDMEMに含まれるビタミン類の組成の比較</b></caption> <tbody> <tr bgcolor="#444444"> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center" width="42.5%"><font color="white"><b>ビタミン類</b></font></td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center" width="12.5%"><font color="white"><b>分子量</b></font></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center" width="25%"><font color="white"><b>濃度（mg/L）</b></font></td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#444444"> <td style="text-align: center" width="12.5%"><font color="white"><b>BME</b></font></td> <td style="text-align: center" width="12.5%"><font color="white"><b>DMEM</b></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;Biotin</td> <td style="text-align: center">244</td> <td style="text-align: center">1</td> <td style="text-align: center">–</td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;Choline chloride</td> <td style="text-align: center">140</td> <td style="text-align: center">1</td> <td style="text-align: center">4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;D-Calcium pantothenate</td> <td style="text-align: center">477</td> <td style="text-align: center">1</td> <td style="text-align: center">4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;Folic Acid</td> <td style="text-align: center">441</td> <td style="text-align: center">1</td> <td style="text-align: center">4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;Nicotinamide</td> <td style="text-align: center">122</td> <td style="text-align: center">1</td> <td style="text-align: center">4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;Pyridoxal hydrochloride</td> <td style="text-align: center">204</td> <td style="text-align: center">1</td> <td style="text-align: center">4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;Riboflavin</td> <td style="text-align: center">376</td> <td style="text-align: center">0.1</td> <td style="text-align: center">0.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;Thiamine hydrochloride</td> <td style="text-align: center">337</td> <td style="text-align: center">1</td> <td style="text-align: center">4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>&ensp;i-Inositol</td> <td style="text-align: center">180</td> <td style="text-align: center">2</td> <td style="text-align: center">7.2</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>次に、表2でビタミン類を比較しました。こちらも各成分が概ね4倍に強化されている一方で、BiotinがDMEMの組成から除外されています。BMEが発表された参考文献1では、L細胞とHeLa細胞を評価対象としてアミノ酸の組成の最適化が行われました。その後Earle自身がビタミン類の組成の最適化を行い、これらの細胞の培養にはBiotinは不要（論文には、当時の時点では栄養学的な必要性を示せなかった旨が付記されています）であることを見出しました（参考文献5）。その結果が反映されて、DMEMにはBiotinが含まれていないと考えられます。</p> <p>以上のように、BMEを土台としてさまざまな改良が施された結果、培地の組成決定の基準に使用されたL細胞とHeLa細胞だけでなく、多様な細胞の基礎培地として使用できるDMEMの組成が決定されました。なお、現在では多くのケースでDMEMにL-GlutamineとFBS（ウシ胎仔血清）を加えて使用します。培地の滅菌にオートクレーブが使用されていた当時は、加熱の影響を受けない成分を溶かして滅菌した後に、L-Glutamineなどの熱に弱い成分を別途無菌的に添加していました。L-Glutamineは冷蔵保存でも徐々に分解が進むため、分解しにくい代替成分であるL-Alanyl-L-Glutamine（製品名Gibco™ GlutaMAX™ Supplement、製品番号<a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/jp/ja/35050061?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">35050061</a>）で置き換えることもよく行われています。なお、当社の粉末培地は調製の際に、オートクレーブ滅菌ではなくフィルター滅菌するように案内されています（<a href="https://assets.thermofisher.com/TFS-Assets%2FLSG%2Fmanuals%2Fpowdered_mediaprep_man.pdf?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">参考資料</a>）。</p> <p>[参考文献1]<br /> Dulbecco & Freeman, (1959) “Plaque production by the polyoma virus” <i>Virology</i> 8(3):396-7 (PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13669362/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">13669362</a>)</p> <p>[参考文献2]<br /> Eagle H (1955) “Nutrition needs of mammalian cells in tissue culture.” <i>Science</i> 122(3168):501-14 (PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13255879/?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">13255879</a>)</p> <p>[参考文献3]<br /> Eagle H, Freeman AE, Levy M (1958) “The amino acid requirements of monkey kidney cells in first culture passage.” <i>J. Exp. Med.</i> 107(5):643-52 (PMID <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13525576/?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">13525576</a>)</p> <p>[参考文献4]<br /> Lockart RZ Jr, Eagle H (1959) “Requirements for growth of single human cells.” <i>Science</i> 129(3344):252-4 (PMID <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13624712/?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">13624712</a>)</p> <p>[参考文献5]<br /> Eagle H (1955) “The minimum vitamin requirements of the L and HeLa cells in tissue culture, the production of specific vitamin deficiencies, and their cure.” <i>J. Exp. Med.</i> 102(5):595-600 (PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13271674/?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">13271674</a>)</p> <h2><span id="DMEM-2">DMEMの仲間たち</span></h2> <p>上述の通り、当社は20種類以上のDMEM製品を扱っています。その組成の詳細は「<a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/jp/ja/home/life-science/cell-culture/mammalian-cell-culture/classical-media/gibco-media-formulation-tool.html?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">培地組成ツール</a>」に譲り、ここではバリエーションの概要の案内にとどめます。当社のDMEMは以下の特徴から使用目的に適合する製品を選択していただく形になります。</p> <ol> <li>液体か粉末か<br /> 入手後すぐに使用できる液体培地はとても便利です。一方、粉末培地には安価、保存性が良い、濃縮培地を作製できるなどの利点があります。</li> <li>Glucose濃度<br /> 高（4500 mg/L）、低（1000 mg/L）、無しのGlucose濃度のバリエーションがあります。</li> <li>Sodium Pyruvateの有無</li> <li>L-GlutamineまたはGlutaMAXの有無</li> <li>HEPESの有無</li> <li>Phenol Redの有無</li> <li>一部アミノ酸（Lysine、Arginine、Methionine、Cystine、NEAA）の有無</li> <li>一部イオン（カルシウムイオン、リン酸）の有無</li> </ol> <h2><span id="DMEM-3">特別に改良されたDMEMの仲間たち</span></h2> <p>「<a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/jp/ja/home/life-science/cell-culture/mammalian-cell-culture/classical-media/gibco-media-formulation-tool.html?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">培地組成ツール</a>」では、オリジナルのDMEMの組成に軽微な変更が加えられた製品がヒットします。一方、特定の目的のために開発された一部のDMEMはヒットしません。ここではこれらの特別に改良された便利なDMEM製品をご紹介します。</p> <ul> <li>Gibco™ KnockOut™ DMEM（製品番号<a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/jp/ja/10829018?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">10829018</a>）<br /> マウスの胚性幹細胞（embryonic stem cells、ES細胞）の培養のために特別に改良されたDMEMで、iPS細胞の培養にも使用できます。初期胚の本来の環境に近づくように、浸透圧が低く調節されています。ES細胞用の血清代替品であるGibco™ KnockOut™ Serum Replacement（製品番号<a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/jp/ja/10828010?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">10828010</a>）などの必要試薬を添加した完全培地を作製して使用します。ヒトのES細胞やiPS細胞の培養には、同シリーズのGibco™ KnockOut™ DMEM/F-12（製品番号<a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/12660012?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">12660012</a>）が主に使われています。</li> <li>Gibco™ Advanced DMEM（製品番号<a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/12491015?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">12491015</a>）<br /> DMEMの組成に有効成分（インスリン、トランスフェリン、ウシ血清アルブミン、エタノールアミン、複数の微量元素など）が加えられており、通常10%で添加するFBSの使用量を1～5%に低減できる培地です。目的の細胞の培養を問題なく実施できることを確認する必要がありますが、貴重なFBSの節約とコスト削減が期待できます。Advancedシリーズは他にDMEM/F-12、MEM、RPMI 1640が用意されています。</li> <li>Gibco™ BenchStable™ DMEM（製品番号<a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/A4192101?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">A4192101</a>）<br /> 血清や抗生物質添加前であれば、室温で安定的に保管できるDMEMです。限りある冷蔵庫のスペースの節約に貢献します。使用する際は、通常のDMEMと同様に10%のFBS（必要に応じて抗生物質など）を添加してください。なお、DMEMの土台の組成としては高Glucose、GlutaMAX含有、Phenol Red含有で、HEPESとSodium Pyruvateは含まれていません。BenchStableシリーズは他にDMEM/F-12、MEM、RPMI 1640が用意されています。</li> <li>Gibco™ FluoroBrite™ DMEM（製品番号<a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/A1896701?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">A1896701</a>）<br /> ライブイメージングなどの蛍光観察アプリケーションにおいて、Phenol Redなどの一部の培地成分がバックグラウンド蛍光の原因となります。FluoroBrite DMEMは、Phenol RedフリーのDMEMと比較してバックグラウンド蛍光が90%抑えられています。解析対象の細胞を培養している培地がDMEMベースであれば、FluoroBrite DMEMに血清とL-Glutamine（またはGlutaMAX）を加えることで、観察前に置き換えることができます。細胞とDMEMの相性が良くないと考えられる場合は、Gibco™ Live Cell Imaging Solution（製品番号<a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/A59688DJ?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">A59688DJ</a>）やGibco™ HBSS, calcium, magnesium, no phenol red（製品番号<a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/14025092?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">14025092</a>）などの生理的塩類溶液が用いられます。</li> <li>Gibco™ Recovery™ Cell Culture Freezing Medium（製品番号<a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/12648010?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">12648010</a>）<br /> 幅広い種類の動物細胞に使用できる凍結保存用の培地です。製品名にDMEMはありませんが、DMEM（高Glucose）に10%のDMSOや10%のFBSなどが添加された、DMEMベースの製品です。DMEMに限らず、DMEM/F-12、MEM、RPMI 1640で培養される一部の細胞の凍結保存も可能であることが確認されています（CHO-S、CHO-K1、HEK 293、Jurkat、NIH 3T3）。ただ、ご自身の細胞でも使用可能かどうか、小さいスケールで事前にお試しいただくことをお勧めします。</li> </ul> <p>当社が提供している<a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/jp/ja/home/technical-resources/activities.html?icid=saibobaiyo&CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" rel="noopener" target="_blank">細胞培養ハンズオントレーニング</a>を受講いただくと、細胞培養に必要な試薬、機器、細胞の解凍、継代、凍結保存などの基本的な知識と手技を実践的に学ぶことができます。細胞培養をこれから始める方や、知識や手技に不安がある方におすすめのトレーニングコースです。ご興味がありましたら当社テクニカルサポート（<a href="mailto:jptech@thermofisher.com">jptech@thermofisher.com</a>）までお気軽にお問い合わせください。</p> <h2><span id="i">まとめ</span></h2> <ul> <li>Eagleが開発したBMEの組成が検証され、DulbeccoによってDMEMが発表されました</li> <li>DMEMには組成が微調整された多彩なラインナップが用意されており、ニーズに応じて選択することができます</li> <li>特定の用途のために改良された便利なDMEMも活用されています</li> </ul> <h3><span id="Gibco">【無料ダウンロード】Gibco多能性幹細胞ハンドブック</span></h3> <p>胚性幹細胞（ESCs）と人工多能性幹細胞（iPSCs）の両方を含む、多能性幹細胞（PSCs）についてのハンドブックです。リプログラミング、培養、遺伝子導入、ゲノム編集、分化誘導といった多能性幹細胞に関連するワークフローと各アプリケーションに最適な当社製品をご紹介しています。</p> <p><a class="btn btn-red" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/jp/ja/home/global/forms/stemcell-handbook.html?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ダウンロードする</a></p> <h3><span id="Gibco-2">【無料ダウンロード】Gibco細胞培養基礎ハンドブック</span></h3> <p>細胞培養に関する基礎情報を解説したハンドブックをご用意しています（日本語版、約100ページ）。</p> <p><a class="btn btn-red" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/jp/ja/home/global/forms/life-science/gibco-cell-culture-basics-handbook.html?CID=bid_clb_r04_jp_cp0000_pjt0000_bid00000_0so_blg_cell_culture_stem_cell_bid_ts_mbr_24019_Social_LAB" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ダウンロードする</a></p> <p> </p> <p>研究用にのみ使用できます。診断用には使用いただけません。</p> <aside class="mashsb-container mashsb-main "><div 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