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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of Puerto Rican Jíbaro dance music</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the type of dance music. 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="background-color: white"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Puerto_Rico_Exhibit-Cuatro_1900-1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Puerto_Rico_Exhibit-Cuatro_1900-1915.jpg/250px-Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Puerto_Rico_Exhibit-Cuatro_1900-1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Puerto_Rico_Exhibit-Cuatro_1900-1915.jpg/330px-Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Puerto_Rico_Exhibit-Cuatro_1900-1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Puerto_Rico_Exhibit-Cuatro_1900-1915.jpg/500px-Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Puerto_Rico_Exhibit-Cuatro_1900-1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8499" data-file-height="5427" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">A (c. 1900 - 1915) Puerto Rican Cuatro</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Music of Puerto Rico">Music of Puerto Rico</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #E5E4E2"> General topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Category:Music of Puerto Rico">Related articles</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #E5E4E2"> Genres</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguinaldo_(music)" title="Aguinaldo (music)">Aguinaldo (music)</a> (Jíbaro)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomba_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Bomba (Puerto Rico)">Bomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danza" title="Danza">Danza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cima" title="Décima">Décima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaracha#Guaracha_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Guaracha">Guaracha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plena" title="Plena">Plena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">Reggaeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">Salsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_rom%C3%A1ntica" title="Salsa romántica">Salsa romántica</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_trap" title="Latin trap">Trap</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #E5E4E2"> Nationalistic and patriotic songs</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> National anthem</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/La_Borinque%C3%B1a" title="La Borinqueña">La Borinqueña</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #E5E4E2"> Regional music</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Anguilla" title="Music of Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Music of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_former_Netherlands_Antilles" title="Music of the former Netherlands Antilles">Aruba and the Dutch Antilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Bahamas" title="Music of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Barbados" title="Music of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bermuda" title="Music of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bonaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Music of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cuba" title="Music of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Music of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Dominica" title="Music of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Music of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Grenada" title="Music of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guadeloupe" title="Music of Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guyana" title="Music of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Haiti" title="Music of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jamaica" title="Music of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Louisiana" title="Music of Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Martinique" title="Music of Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Montserrat" title="Music of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Music of Saint Kitts and Nevis">St Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Music of Saint Lucia">St Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Music of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">St Vincent and Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Suriname" title="Music of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Music of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Music of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Music of the Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Template:Music of Puerto Rico"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Template talk:Music of Puerto Rico"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music of Puerto Rico"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Puerto_Rican_G%C3%BCiro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Puerto_Rican_G%C3%BCiro.jpg/150px-Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Puerto_Rican_G%C3%BCiro.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Puerto_Rican_G%C3%BCiro.jpg/225px-Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Puerto_Rican_G%C3%BCiro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Puerto_Rican_G%C3%BCiro.jpg/300px-Phoenix-Musical_Instrument_Museum-Puerto_Rican_G%C3%BCiro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3399" data-file-height="3903" /></a><figcaption>Puerto Rican Güiro</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>seis</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican music">Puerto Rican</a> Jíbaro <a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance music</a> closely associated with the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cima" title="Décima">décima</a>. It originated in the latter half of the 17th century in the southern part of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. The seis is influenced by Spanish, African, and Taino cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Arabian aspects come from Spain, where the Muslims or the Moors had ruled for over 700 years. Like other Jíbaro music, the seis is associated with Christmas, folkloric festivals, concursos de trovadores (poetry-singing contests), and other large celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word means <i><a href="/wiki/6" title="6">six</a></i>, which may have come from the custom of having six couples perform the dance, though many more couples eventually became quite common. Men and women form separate lines down the hall or in an open place of beaten earth, one group facing the other. The lines would approach and cross each other and at prescribed intervals the dancers would tap out the rhythm with their feet. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instruments">Instruments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Instruments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The seis was made for a solo voice and accompanying instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The melodies and harmonies are simple, usually performed on the <a href="/wiki/Cuatro_(instrument)" title="Cuatro (instrument)">cuatro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bongo_drum" title="Bongo drum">bongó</a>, and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCiro" title="Güiro">güiro</a>, although other indigenous instruments are used depending on the available musicians. Spanish instrumentation and harmonies, typically from the Andalusian region, are prominent. In the 20th century, Afro-Caribbean aspects were included through the bongó, syncopated bass, and Cuban rhythms. These were especially used in studio recordings.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are different variations of the seis named after towns where they originated (for example, the seis fajardeño or seis de <a href="/wiki/Fajardo,_Puerto_Rico" title="Fajardo, Puerto Rico">Fajardo</a>), their composers (an example being the seis de Andino), the specific dance style (such as a seis chorreao), harmonic style (for example, the seis mapeyé),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and type of text, which is often improvised ( a prime example being the seis con décima). The seis con décima is one of the types that is not danced to and it's the slowest. The seis mapeyé or le lo lai is always in minor and the lyrics are about nostalgia.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each variation has its own musical tonality and key (major or minor), making it sound happy or sad.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lyrics">Lyrics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lyrics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the 19th century, the lyrics are about migration, urbanization, love, patriotism, sociopolitics, maternal devotion, the natural beauty of the Puerto Rican countryside and other topics.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Migration is an important theme as a massive wave of Puerto Ricans migrated to the United States between the 1920s and the 1950s. These massive migrations started after the American invasion when the economy was changed from an agriculturally-based one to one which was industrially-based, leaving many Puerto Ricans without jobs on the island. The Puerto Rican government encouraged the Puerto Ricans to migrate, especially after World War II. Most Puerto Ricans settled in New York, where Puerto Rican music was played at social clubs, especially Jíbaro music.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florencio_Morales_Ramos" title="Florencio Morales Ramos">Florencio Morales Ramos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachi_Cachi_music" title="Cachi Cachi music">Cachi Cachi music</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prfdance.org/chorreao.htm">"Seis Chorreao"</a>. <i>Puerto Rican Cultural Center - Music, Dance, and Culture of Puerto Rico</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Puerto+Rican+Cultural+Center+-+Music%2C+Dance%2C+and+Culture+of+Puerto+Rico&rft.atitle=Seis+Chorreao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prfdance.org%2Fchorreao.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSolis2005" class="citation journal cs1">Solis, Ted (2005). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'You Shake Your Hips Too Much': Diasporic Values and Hawai'i Puerto Rican Dance Culture". <i>Ethnomusicology</i>. <b>49</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">75–</span>119. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F20174354">10.2307/20174354</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20174354">20174354</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnomusicology&rft.atitle=%27You+Shake+Your+Hips+Too+Much%27%3A+Diasporic+Values+and+Hawai%27i+Puerto+Rican+Dance+Culture.&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E75-%3C%2Fspan%3E119&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F20174354&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20174354%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Solis&rft.aufirst=Ted&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSingerFriedmanvarious_artists1977" class="citation AV-media-notes cs1">Singer, Roberta L.; Friedman, Robert; various artists (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newworldrecords.org/album.cgi?rm=view&album_id=80244"><i>Caliente=Hot: Puerto Rican and Cuban Musical Expression in New York</i></a> (Media notes). New World Records.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caliente%3DHot%3A+Puerto+Rican+and+Cuban+Musical+Expression+in+New+York&rft.pub=New+World+Records&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.aufirst=Roberta+L.&rft.au=Friedman%2C+Robert&rft.au=various+artists&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newworldrecords.org%2Falbum.cgi%3Frm%3Dview%26album_id%3D80244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFManuelLargey2016" class="citation book cs1">Manuel, Peter; Largey, Michael D. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_7NIe_I298MC"><i>Caribbean Currents: Caribbean Music from Rumba to Reggae</i></a>. Temple University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781592134649" title="Special:BookSources/9781592134649"><bdi>9781592134649</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caribbean+Currents%3A+Caribbean+Music+from+Rumba+to+Reggae&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781592134649&rft.aulast=Manuel&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Largey%2C+Michael+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_7NIe_I298MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalgroovers.com/2010/08/ramito-el-cantor-de-la-montana-vol5.html">"Ramito – El Cantor de la Montaña vol.5,Ansonia | Global Groove Independent"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ramito+%E2%80%93+El+Cantor+de+la+Monta%C3%B1a+vol.5%2CAnsonia+%26%23124%3B+Global+Groove+Independent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalgroovers.com%2F2010%2F08%2Framito-el-cantor-de-la-montana-vol5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.decimania.com/index.php/semana-del-trovador/97-el-seis-puertoriiqueno">"El Seis Puertorriqueño"</a>. <i>Decimanía INC</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deciman%C3%ADa+INC&rft.atitle=El+Seis+Puertorrique%C3%B1o&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.decimania.com%2Findex.php%2Fsemana-del-trovador%2F97-el-seis-puertoriiqueno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFManuel1994" class="citation journal cs1">Manuel, Peter (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1024&context=jj_pubs">"Puerto Rican Music and Cultural Identity: Creative Appropriation of Cuban Sources from Danza to Salsa"</a>. <i>Ethnomusicology</i>. <b>3</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">249–</span>80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F851740">10.2307/851740</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/851740">851740</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnomusicology&rft.atitle=Puerto+Rican+Music+and+Cultural+Identity%3A+Creative+Appropriation+of+Cuban+Sources+from+Danza+to+Salsa&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E249-%3C%2Fspan%3E80&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F851740&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F851740%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Manuel&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademicworks.cuny.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1024%26context%3Djj_pubs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.decimania.com/index.php/semana-del-trovador">Decimania - 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