CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913655157b4337b5',cH: 'qRWwaF69aWZH_cUQTvmFzswyjvmFX2h0lkEYUIRRdXQ-1739801127-1.2.1.1-_XNX.X4yOmjsl1IPHUS5yValOe.tyIP5xarReM3naIGSr1yP7G59Nl9v8ofHzmP9',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=water%20table%20apparatus&__cf_chl_tk=7wIff0TWQorIBJzILXsJcn9hsRNdqiltL3VimC0Uub0-1739801127-1.0.1.1-JIAgknGm6g_sSXpCtk8Nao6mWYQcZEPGEjCCRCqVJLQ",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739801127',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=water%20table%20apparatus&__cf_chl_f_tk=7wIff0TWQorIBJzILXsJcn9hsRNdqiltL3VimC0Uub0-1739801127-1.0.1.1-JIAgknGm6g_sSXpCtk8Nao6mWYQcZEPGEjCCRCqVJLQ",md: "VTFi5ZrqHS.NBXS6KaAzMOWQd7nIWF6TZo5SJoO8rh4-1739801127-1.2.1.1-VMn7Fg3W9VQFFLJcUXhBM91C8MbL4HgZT0onMeSbnaPNUw6D24NczHL4iUitHgervZmsFvR_f6LzLCDD5NouPxoTcugIRXtNQcDYdIumHYtVdDgkcR2grOkaHj4.rV1vT2EJMECYEIae1mytdJqkutHIhRIc74gN5LH1kchMg6D2.WOc7U5AjJ3xdHnOv0uaA06FM9I.gb8WwPYk_FTpSyu9Jw4WsmifiiA9pFXS3Z45cx6dJBEwjNg5ozbGrYtjg4BhedKF2IT8Qu7Qj.Eg97ph9.I8xGnW._ZzPPj8MWO_eztEebp6zKYEUeywNPCBrdqZCIAiylqZo4OR5QKjOJuqle_WgU9mtv8pA38iTjD4e5mW5XexPviERavOS9cCSizk.7yzxtbDoLnafbOYnm52DlI1hCReZ6fKs7jZ6RQEhz.UX3JWYLIXbTyDrJ7XovMV_1zQsAnhwNHZU7k8DJQ6hfhrP4STefQ2rRmDXsET31cpgvnLgWUl8nktCQk96Mjx171wFLMKQWCweQrQnlyQu.nfYnJdX0NLAbX2pdeQYkvWEQR5_siOtd1tBDf5DZBLGNg4OaCkcJGr4TsLfNGrGtGL3Wci048WEFH5ziYECcb6AAb1nllTbNmm6phnZ3cXmw_9s9OATfJ6NES5LhD614GAqEdwIbrcMLhxf5VDtvHR_nBAVQEEyDE4VEhEgAopXCvX8spBKy8jLjgzZA3jK2uC3gY1mmWLPkw6Dbcv22fSU9prdIZCD_nK57cXeP8lDH79ZljbNkOSMY2SoJX_8tzU6wBd9zEFoS1eQh1gUmTQV4KJtGsNenrUWJ9RCb1FFKuKTYSOZgeCwO5muP52fSsMUMzcVQ0jKZ0o72rmys16Ylh_0U8ktQSnoIY8Kn9lD1MNmfPi.tKWLFOX4R4mUzsCQDgaZFJ43YnYNR0R639rLp4D7A1I2t4sw950OSdsOTU7YmTqyoedi4.gSR2w4ZQJSotB8vmSRzE3hQN9xcx3BqlUXcJ3vveJxeHg2_fm0aVdEl5c0aTpSQUnBizrqiKaFd8dxhTHQ_u1K9HJXdOkIJWf27vPAXAm0UGHHwrFWKkZZ.roM4tl8YP.lJYiirtXXwZ61rNlQXiPdSR8k0FrDm1J0dDK5YgUbdmbWo_NNLwtKCYvZ6H2kq3pWETm68gjrd6BaeElmrgtpcZ4PwbIvHQuLREsXn4fcPLi4YnX1AwdQE038aJw2GRaFmno6Zn9PXyzObU4cUv43r664fjkF7W2JBuyfx1ITlkRwGDFp_fghOYv1X2aYdh2_E1Ev9jh4poUfeGEc4i0Rjd8RvUB.waSUcDwNrOOzC71VsOtk_CyPc7lppRwk0MxodlOOrybaCJSgzSN.yRCGyhC2SGXjlN1I_JZYUdYzM8Lf95cBc4_ldZ.rGpxL6QjOW2baZC89qm6JV1dEb8aVinc7G6DpLMxhtw8Te.pg2j0g8fhEGKDePvVTH5J8PdIQEcNklZSLd_WwwSd4Klmk3M3GkUFxIyb3cd0l0hnajg2CuTP5O4gbkJz1qsB4ejZglyePYSiCEywF0Gr76SYG3brYTFnLNW6sppmnP.1QyX.ASvrfU0H_nHk9fbu_rP4AtKB9ZW18O9RZsmC_JpSF.jEAxEDOxeMi85H.uiZpjqM.1d5Re3OaZAYgtC4anlZN0beiAi17sB85cfVsKqZcQKkdPrtsc0Vn0U8JDjW1DFAm6GtvBNVMUNOa8RplnGOn95bLWKYQlT8WL2DzCkDYLxYidPbOSyN0GNkQ6.eX8zl7ZP67v4_3icFRMXbtG9k5nbqK66B2zQi1Srt3JkqACljCkr1oYnwxob1VwbnMkdmvNhN6uw9wdR2GTO7CcGf4XkRmak6INgGS9RhVHOwiZa8vQdOUONBKhqFs5yeV2MPfa6cXReyEQCvion2DUf0k5GHFs69zI2QFnifxuIpXhEN8Ylv4FTTZ8dLu4llG5b1",mdrd: "R1vfUoSZvjit1ibD6vCti1mHG4NZDginGoZbi2VWaSQ-1739801127-1.2.1.1-dVAxm5V1HtlUMVWkceytXWko39G3pLMaDEzAqJMdz8lrOXy6OfRxiSWVvOSTxnTr26ULSMIrII9xo4eN_3r18X9uSSGfMCJH2hhP_jsWYBLNt1uoBlsaV.angVjr5nhxt6GuuZNl8Bu74fTchTpwVWJ8ml7NSGnNREYSIKK860NGpEoCMAxMM9vrPltNAofCVCcZcW7T0shZ4Ck6JT63WmLUj_4k3Nak3b6l4Lwt_t50ez386AXEXeMpqViCkWB8p3yOmWZYy1d276m4AMDAOKsbyq7uJJarR6YzfXJrkSMcJllDPAim3O3ANaVnx6UFlJeKN0TmFN9xJ6m10dt7LEWSVpevJJeJeKGISNfEFPPpAqvDgWoAhwu_UYZ38yf7QPy.KpKR4IEimddUG47WVjsyQFz8NNfdPyq9st5CnUGRPGCmSOVZMkxU7vvUkMc74DfsFYK3s.Q8_xwmlk.9iUlb39GkAlnBUIb6nuHrHBZfkEAOu8c3lWvj4rhhyX5z7g7H36d7dMzCW4OPe.va9QzLIfQKmp0dlImnbwL2pmdBU7f.cwMwnQEDs8IagUDOTvI7JVWcQ5TzLg_Eamq0DZvAVi.u8ZCymjSVQb9shk2GSErpkLUvWa0bJqeO1kP.GAW82JdL2PDiImQVWqphGYSnIZT_0bdfzLcLe7j_60el9CvFYYUWYFf.hUtsHC9rOTVRR157izbCR8jQq6iVF7kzhY_EZf8mAgUkraQJxtVoYOZDbjDsmEBmqTkVF.hK3XBZ84psENFhQmsibZ6_DaOHSKdSVUe74mj_Ib7GbmlquqOasnCs64.KQ7o2avgKcrx60gNzuNP4PlIfgZ8CdBzJhFUJUppeWZfPEcrG0JexXy8NRIK8tvth0WNILxbf8VXLvwMuiB_oO3bQkUnngtXvQh1waovbG7LzFnPJ5nK_jwhzVYgVtQDAm9biyL0DDnE6xNbpYMI4Q2jdOQuPA_WJAtjwrtXVvbCwxBzn2GNcr0JIEslVDobvdS0aregx.Uns06EhRgTO7t_jeUVtTZycIuNGyd2yDDm0d0c4gLpy19Ykd7XTt1dh_H4XDuKB6G_gL6QaQWkSFwYrqsvBFvd2984yOSsPTtCu2JUlPHlwG.cCYdTLGJxeqiE2G7t8GwRAKS0K1JJcK0OKAhv1CvlI86gERejJb4yQSZFaKHJMsgim16Akg.ojJcnBMp4zh8QpEJj1HaVPS8aR0YD4kZFMEEAvYzx6mRj4W5wrAi.KBl.pvEUIV.D3FJtM1TO3LAGfMfRn1K9zzGhSM1TfZtR7fri_lWaGg9iB2emvvqN.EearVfNxKrYL9iphkDNpwGbkBgJp.31QRv4Try.qHyYFjTjpyvc9vpTnPYd3fAWiPIJhv_C4Lj.PrhQ69Q7ALleECsZJVmzYKOVXzRTXr8lIyTIyb_bxrsSsEERNaAHD8jR0wEr3ofQzXdBg1zUkqW5VF9beotstPlqXu507ADXihmzpvHtaBFrWxjx8NRYzyMgbi6aKiCLGQs1VVAbiU47TLQe2u9pVhed5RS0FoZO0RzMw65l1z2IoQ1I2eY9gEfD7FqhOAT8iwMg.SD5JZhtqOh.7tfDJjArmoKHyY7ICPAKjgcXFxpG71kUkYPJPfJJW_7klVl4_13LbRpzLG0dbPrajl1k0cjinDrqNlKVoGwpL.M4qKrXgFMHOQiKwU9mUMMS5kIEE_pbH0KK_wAQBBDlF20TqbM2y2wq1Ghpa57Pz1gcnIngL_nsAKk_0zOKiwEuruW.rETUYkILVT3ydGgKK5Hc8Z1xVNszz2WX3HTtls57PCI6hYRrR6zM9iNjMrBMZZnUvOveHR4yadHCdJ1S2O9vm8Ulga7.IrHBEPdc2n7mMfvFtn9jf.JrWiwXrVgqbP6iiPk1kMfeuaD_.hhQCvAC5ReYN4NQ89p5wnAgNkguMVEMgbeKLjmiFcV1ZaMRmxuxOwKuw021U"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913655157b4337b5';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=water%20table%20apparatus&__cf_chl_rt_tk=7wIff0TWQorIBJzILXsJcn9hsRNdqiltL3VimC0Uub0-1739801127-1.0.1.1-JIAgknGm6g_sSXpCtk8Nao6mWYQcZEPGEjCCRCqVJLQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>