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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Federalist_candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federalist_candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Federalist candidates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federalist_candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-Federalist_candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-Federalist_candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Anti-Federalist candidates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-Federalist_candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>General election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Results subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Popular_vote" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_vote"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Popular vote</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_vote-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_vote" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_vote"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Electoral vote</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_vote-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results_by_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results_by_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Results by state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Results_by_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Popular_vote_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_vote_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Popular vote</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_vote_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_vote_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_vote_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Electoral vote</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_vote_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Failure_of_New_York_to_appoint_electors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Failure_of_New_York_to_appoint_electors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Failure of New York to appoint electors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Failure_of_New_York_to_appoint_electors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Maps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_college_selection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_college_selection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Electoral college selection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_college_selection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1788–89 United States presidential election</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_1788%E2%80%9389" title="انتخابات الرئاسة الأمريكية 1788–89 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انتخابات الرئاسة الأمريكية 1788–89" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB%C5%9E-d%C9%99_prezident_se%C3%A7kil%C9%99ri_(1788%E2%80%931789)" title="ABŞ-də prezident seçkiləri (1788–1789) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="ABŞ-də prezident seçkiləri (1788–1789)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleccions_presidencials_dels_Estats_Units_de_1788-1789" title="Eleccions presidencials dels Estats Units de 1788-1789 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Eleccions presidencials dels Estats Units de 1788-1789" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volby_prezidenta_USA_1788%E2%80%931789" title="Volby prezidenta USA 1788–1789 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Volby prezidenta USA 1788–1789" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A6sidentvalget_i_USA_1789" title="Præsidentvalget i USA 1789 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Præsidentvalget i USA 1789" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4sidentschaftswahl_in_den_Vereinigten_Staaten_1788_und_1789" title="Präsidentschaftswahl in den Vereinigten Staaten 1788 und 1789 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Präsidentschaftswahl in den Vereinigten Staaten 1788 und 1789" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AE_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%97%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD_1788%E2%80%931789" title="Προεδρική εκλογή των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών 1788–1789 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Προεδρική εκλογή των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών 1788–1789" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elecciones_presidenciales_de_Estados_Unidos_de_1788-1789" title="Elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 1788-1789 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 1788-1789" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_(%DB%B1%DB%B7%DB%B8%DB%B8%E2%80%93%DB%B1%DB%B7%DB%B8%DB%B9)" title="انتخابات ریاست‌جمهوری ایالات متحده آمریکا (۱۷۸۸–۱۷۸۹) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انتخابات ریاست‌جمهوری ایالات متحده آمریکا (۱۷۸۸–۱۷۸۹)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_am%C3%A9ricaine_de_1788-1789" title="Élection présidentielle américaine de 1788-1789 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élection présidentielle américaine de 1788-1789" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1789%EB%85%84_%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EB%A0%B9_%EC%84%A0%EA%B1%B0" title="1789년 미국 대통령 선거 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1789년 미국 대통령 선거" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elezioni_presidenziali_negli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America_del_1788-89" title="Elezioni presidenziali negli Stati Uniti d'America del 1788-89 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elezioni presidenziali negli Stati Uniti d'America del 1788-89" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA_1789" title="הבחירות לנשיאות ארצות הברית 1789 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבחירות לנשיאות ארצות הברית 1789" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1788.%E2%80%941789._gada_ASV_prezidenta_v%C4%93l%C4%93%C5%A1anas" title="1788.—1789. gada ASV prezidenta vēlēšanas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1788.—1789. gada ASV prezidenta vēlēšanas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1789_met%C5%B3_JAV_prezidento_rinkimai" title="1789 metų JAV prezidento rinkimai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1789 metų JAV prezidento rinkimai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%94_(1788-89)" title="Претседателски избори во САД (1788-89) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Претседателски избори во САД (1788-89)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaanse_presidentsverkiezingen_1789" title="Amerikaanse presidentsverkiezingen 1789 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amerikaanse presidentsverkiezingen 1789" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1789%E5%B9%B4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%B5%B1%E9%A0%98%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99" title="1789年アメリカ合衆国大統領選挙 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1789年アメリカ合衆国大統領選挙" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidentvalget_i_USA_1789" title="Presidentvalget i USA 1789 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Presidentvalget i USA 1789" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wybory_prezydenckie_w_Stanach_Zjednoczonych_w_1788_i_1789_roku" title="Wybory prezydenckie w Stanach Zjednoczonych w 1788 i 1789 roku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wybory prezydenckie w Stanach Zjednoczonych w 1788 i 1789 roku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_presidencial_nos_Estados_Unidos_em_1788%E2%80%9389" title="Eleição presidencial nos Estados Unidos em 1788–89 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eleição presidencial nos Estados Unidos em 1788–89" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_(1789)" title="Президентские выборы в США (1789) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Президентские выборы в США (1789)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="1788–89 එක්සත් ජනපද ජනාධිපතිවරණය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1788–89 එක්සත් ජනපද ජනාධිපතිවරණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election" title="1788–89 United States presidential election – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1788–89 United States presidential election" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezidentsk%C3%A9_vo%C4%BEby_v_USA_v_rokoch_1788_%E2%80%93_1789" title="Prezidentské voľby v USA v rokoch 1788 – 1789 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prezidentské voľby v USA v rokoch 1788 – 1789" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A8%DA%98%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_(%D9%A1%D9%A7%D9%A8%D9%A8-%D9%A1%D9%A7%D9%A8%D9%A9)" title="ھەڵبژاردنی سەرۆکایەتیی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا (١٧٨٨-١٧٨٩) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەڵبژاردنی سەرۆکایەتیی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا (١٧٨٨-١٧٨٩)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%94_1788/89." title="Председнички избори у САД 1788/89. – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Председнички избори у САД 1788/89." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predsjedni%C4%8Dki_izbori_u_Sjedinjenim_Ameri%C4%8Dkim_Dr%C5%BEavama_1789." title="Predsjednički izbori u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama 1789. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Predsjednički izbori u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama 1789." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_presidentinvaalit_1788%E2%80%931789" title="Yhdysvaltain presidentinvaalit 1788–1789 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain presidentinvaalit 1788–1789" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidentvalet_i_USA_1788%E2%80%931789" title="Presidentvalet i USA 1788–1789 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Presidentvalet i USA 1788–1789" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1788-1789_Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri_ba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1k_se%C3%A7imleri" title="1788-1789 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri başkanlık seçimleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1788-1789 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri başkanlık seçimleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_1789" title="Президентські вибори у США 1789 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Президентські вибори у США 1789" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%81_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_1788%E2%80%9389%D8%A1" title="ریاستہائے متحدہ کے صدارتی انتخابات 1788–89ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریاستہائے متحدہ کے صدارتی انتخابات 1788–89ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A7u_c%E1%BB%AD_t%E1%BB%95ng_th%E1%BB%91ng_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3_1788%E2%80%931789" title="Bầu cử tổng thống Hoa Kỳ 1788–1789 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bầu cử tổng thống Hoa Kỳ 1788–1789" 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For related races, see <a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_elections" title="1788–89 United States elections">1788–89 United States elections</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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img{height:80px!important;width:auto!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><table class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent" style="width:350px"><caption class="infobox-title summary">1788–89 United States presidential election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint"></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>December 15, 1788 – January 7, 1789<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">1788-12-15</span> – <span class="dtend">1789-01-07</span>)</span></b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><hr />69 members of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a><br />35 electoral votes needed to win</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Turnout</th><td class="infobox-data">11.6%<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #DDDDBB;"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Washington_Portrait_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/George_Washington_Portrait_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/150px-George_Washington_Portrait_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/George_Washington_Portrait_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/225px-George_Washington_Portrait_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/George_Washington_Portrait_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/300px-George_Washington_Portrait_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2425" data-file-height="3236" /></a></span> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;width:0;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Nominee </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Independent_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (United States)">Independent</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Alliance </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Federalist" title="Federalist">Federalist</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Home state </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Electoral vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>69</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">States carried </th> <td style="text-align:center"><b>10</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>28,009</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>100%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><figure class="mw-halign-center noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ElectoralCollege1789.svg/350px-ElectoralCollege1789.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ElectoralCollege1789.svg/525px-ElectoralCollege1789.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ElectoralCollege1789.svg/700px-ElectoralCollege1789.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="446" usemap="#ImageMap_5c2bd414f6213b25" resource="/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1789.svg" /></span><map name="ImageMap_5c2bd414f6213b25"><area href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" shape="poly" coords="255,45,262,70,267,74,268,64,270,61,276,59,283,53,287,48,295,39,293,36,289,30,285,29,279,10,273,8,270,12,265,10,259,19" alt="1788–89 United States presidential election in Massachusetts" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Massachusetts" /><area href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina" shape="poly" coords="210,221,194,211,183,212,179,208,166,209,154,214,153,218,158,221,163,227,167,231,172,236,176,238,179,245,181,248,185,250,192,248,204,234,209,220" alt="1788–89 United States presidential election in South Carolina" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in South Carolina" /><area href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia" shape="poly" coords="74,221,154,214,152,218,158,221,163,228,169,232,175,238,180,246,185,252,183,271,176,271,176,277,143,277,138,273,59,280,59,273,65,263,65,257,63,252,63,244,65,236,67,231,69,227,70,225,73,223,73,223,73,221" alt="1788–89 United States presidential election in Georgia" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Georgia" /><area href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" shape="poly" coords="169,110,174,143,224,132,229,130,233,125,228,120,227,114,230,107,225,100,226,100,225,99" alt="1788–89 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania" /><area href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey" shape="poly" coords="230,131,236,141,229,130,234,125,229,117,231,107,240,110,238,117,242,118,243,123,242,128,238,141,227,134" alt="1788–89 United States presidential election in New Jersey" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in New Jersey" /><area href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" shape="poly" coords="232,178,227,174,225,160,212,154,212,147,200,139,187,146,186,142,175,143,172,130,170,145,165,148,160,156,154,165,161,177,150,191,198,184,97,198,79,198,83,192,86,188,90,189,94,183,95,180,101,177,104,177,110,176,117,174,121,168,127,163,129,158,135,157,137,160,140,161,145,161,149,160,152,163,161,177,151,190" alt="1788–89 United States presidential election in Virginia" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Virginia" /><area href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware" shape="poly" coords="229,150,238,148,232,143,227,130,225,134" alt="1788–89 United States presidential election in Delaware" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Delaware" /><area href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" shape="poly" coords="232,170,235,149,229,150,224,132,174,141,178,141,185,145,201,139,211,147,212,154,224,159" alt="1788–89 United States presidential election in Maryland" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Maryland" /><area href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut" shape="poly" coords="243,109,260,100,258,91,241,94" alt="1788–89 United States presidential election in Connecticut" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Connecticut" /><area href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" shape="poly" coords="278,91,277,87,265,77,240,85,242,95,260,90,268,96,279,96" alt="1788–89 United States presidential election in Massachusetts" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Massachusetts" /><area href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" shape="poly" coords="252,43,251,56,249,59,249,83,266,77" alt="1788–89 United States presidential election in New Hampshire" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in New Hampshire" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div>Presidential election results map. <span style="color:#5fd35f;">Green</span> denotes states won by Washington. <span style="color:#000000;">Black</span> denotes states that did not appoint any electors. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes cast by each state.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;"><b>President before election</b><br /> <p><i>Office established</i><br /> </p> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;"><b>Elected President</b> <br /> <p><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Independent_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (United States)">Independent</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">Presidential elections</a> were first held in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> from December 15, 1788 to January 7, 1789, under the new <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> ratified in 1788. <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> was unanimously elected for the first of his two terms as <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> became the first <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">vice president</a>. This was the only U.S. presidential election that spanned two calendar years without a <a href="/wiki/Contingent_election" title="Contingent election">contingent election</a> and the first national presidential election in American history. </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a>, which were ratified in 1781, the United States had no <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>. The executive function of government remained with the legislative similar to countries that use a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a>. Federal power, strictly limited, was reserved to the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Congress of the Confederation</a> whose "President of the United States in Congress Assembled" was also chair of the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_the_States" title="Committee of the States">Committee of the States</a> which aimed to fulfill a function similar to that of the modern <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> created the offices of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a>, fully separating these offices from Congress. The Constitution established an <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a>, based on each state's congressional representation, in which each elector would cast two votes for two candidates, a procedure modified in 1804 by the ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twelfth Amendment</a>. States had varying methods for choosing presidential electors.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In five states, the state legislature chose electors. The other six chose electors through some form involving a popular vote, though in only two states did the choice depend directly on a statewide vote. </p><p>The enormously popular Washington was distinguished as the former Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. After he agreed to come out of retirement, he was elected with ease unanimously; Washington did not select a running mate as that concept was not yet developed. </p><p>No formal <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political parties</a> existed, though an informally organized consistent difference of opinion had already manifested between Federalists and Anti-Federalists. Thus, the contest for the vice-presidency was open. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> predicted that a popular Northern leader such as Governor <a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a> of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> or <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a>, a former minister to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> who had represented Massachusetts in Congress, would be elected vice president. <a href="/wiki/Anti-Federalism" title="Anti-Federalism">Anti-Federalist</a> leaders such as <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Patrick Henry</a>, who did not run, and <a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</a>, who had opposed ratification of the Constitution, also represented potential choices. </p><p>All 69 electors present cast one vote for Washington, making his election unanimous. Adams won 34 electoral votes and the vice presidency. The remaining 35 electoral votes were split among 10 candidates, including <a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">John Jay</a>, who finished third with nine electoral votes. Three states were ineligible to participate in the election: <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Legislature" title="New York State Legislature">New York's legislature</a> did not choose electors on time, and <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> had not ratified the constitution yet. Washington was <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Presidency of George Washington">inaugurated</a> in New York City on April 30, 1789, 57 days after the <a href="/wiki/1st_United_States_Congress" title="1st United States Congress">First Congress</a> convened. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Candidates">Candidates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/1788–89 United States presidential election">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Though no organized political parties yet existed, political opinion loosely divided between those who had more stridently and enthusiastically endorsed ratification of the Constitution, called <a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States#Federalism_in_the_early_Republic" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalists</a> or Cosmopolitans, and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Federalism" title="Anti-Federalism">Anti-Federalists</a> or Localists who had only more reluctantly, skeptically, or conditionally supported, or who had outright opposed ratification. Both factions supported Washington for president. Limited, primitive political campaigning occurred in states and localities where swaying public opinion might matter. For example, in <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, a state with a statewide popular vote, unofficial parties campaigned locally, advertising. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federalist_candidates">Federalist candidates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Federalist candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnAdams.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Former Minister to the Netherlands John Adams from Massachusetts"><img alt="Former Minister to the Netherlands John Adams from Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/JohnAdams.png/168px-JohnAdams.png" decoding="async" width="112" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/JohnAdams.png/252px-JohnAdams.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/JohnAdams.png/336px-JohnAdams.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="998" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Former <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_Netherlands" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the Netherlands">Minister to the Netherlands</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a></b><br />from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 110px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 108px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Jay_(Gilbert_Stuart_portrait).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Secretary of Foreign Affairs John Jay from New York"><img alt="Secretary of Foreign Affairs John Jay from New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/John_Jay_%28Gilbert_Stuart_portrait%29.jpg/162px-John_Jay_%28Gilbert_Stuart_portrait%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/John_Jay_%28Gilbert_Stuart_portrait%29.jpg/243px-John_Jay_%28Gilbert_Stuart_portrait%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/John_Jay_%28Gilbert_Stuart_portrait%29.jpg/325px-John_Jay_%28Gilbert_Stuart_portrait%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2322" data-file-height="3004" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_state_of_the_United_States" title="List of secretaries of state of the United States">Secretary of Foreign Affairs</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">John Jay</a></b><br />from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 117.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 115.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Rutledge_color_painting.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Former Governor John Rutledge of South Carolina"><img alt="Former Governor John Rutledge of South Carolina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/John_Rutledge_color_painting.jpg/173px-John_Rutledge_color_painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/John_Rutledge_color_painting.jpg/259px-John_Rutledge_color_painting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/John_Rutledge_color_painting.jpg/345px-John_Rutledge_color_painting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Former <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Carolina" title="Governor of South Carolina">Governor</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge" title="John Rutledge">John Rutledge</a></b><br />of <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 112.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 110.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnHancockSmall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Governor John Hancock of Massachusetts"><img alt="Governor John Hancock of Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/JohnHancockSmall.jpg/166px-JohnHancockSmall.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/JohnHancockSmall.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="285" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a></b><br />of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 118px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 116px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_Huntington_-_Charles_Willson_Peale.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Governor Samuel Huntington of Connecticut"><img alt="Governor Samuel Huntington of Connecticut" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Samuel_Huntington_-_Charles_Willson_Peale.jpg/174px-Samuel_Huntington_-_Charles_Willson_Peale.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Samuel_Huntington_-_Charles_Willson_Peale.jpg/261px-Samuel_Huntington_-_Charles_Willson_Peale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Samuel_Huntington_-_Charles_Willson_Peale.jpg/349px-Samuel_Huntington_-_Charles_Willson_Peale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Connecticut">Governor</a><b><br /><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Huntington_(Connecticut_politician)" title="Samuel Huntington (Connecticut politician)">Samuel Huntington</a></b><br />of <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 116px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 114px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Benjamin_Lincoln-restored.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lieutenant Governor Benjamin Lincoln of Massachusetts"><img alt="Lieutenant Governor Benjamin Lincoln of Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/General_Benjamin_Lincoln-restored.jpg/171px-General_Benjamin_Lincoln-restored.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/General_Benjamin_Lincoln-restored.jpg/257px-General_Benjamin_Lincoln-restored.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/General_Benjamin_Lincoln-restored.jpg/342px-General_Benjamin_Lincoln-restored.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts">Lieutenant Governor</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lincoln" title="Benjamin Lincoln">Benjamin Lincoln</a></b><br />of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></div></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-Federalist_candidates">Anti-Federalist candidates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Anti-Federalist candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 110px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 108px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Clinton_by_Ezra_Ames.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Governor George Clinton of New York"><img alt="Governor George Clinton of New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/George_Clinton_by_Ezra_Ames.jpg/162px-George_Clinton_by_Ezra_Ames.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/George_Clinton_by_Ezra_Ames.jpg/243px-George_Clinton_by_Ezra_Ames.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/George_Clinton_by_Ezra_Ames.jpg/325px-George_Clinton_by_Ezra_Ames.jpg 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="547" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</a></b><br />of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></div></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_election">General election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: General election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No nomination process existed at the time of planning, and thus, the framers of the Constitution presumed that Washington would be elected unopposed. For example, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a> spoke for national opinion when in a letter to Washington attempting to persuade him to leave retirement on his farm in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_Virginia" title="Mount Vernon, Virginia">Mount Vernon</a> to serve as the first president, he wrote that "...the point of light in which you stand at home and abroad will make an infinite difference in the respectability in which the government will begin its operations in the alternative of your being or not being the head of state." </p><p>Another uncertainty was the choice for the <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">vice presidency</a>, which contained no definite job description beyond being the president's designated successor and presiding over the Senate. The Constitution stipulated that the position would be awarded to the runner-up in the presidential election. Because Washington was from Virginia, then the largest state, many assumed that electors would choose a vice president from a northern state. In an August 1788 letter, U.S. Minister to France <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> wrote that he considered John Adams and John Hancock, both from Massachusetts, to be the top contenders. Jefferson suggested John Jay, <a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge" title="John Rutledge">John Rutledge</a>, and Virginian James Madison as other possible candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adams received 34 electoral votes, one short of a majority – because the Constitution did not require an outright majority in the Electoral College prior to ratification of the Twelfth Amendment to elect a runner-up as vice president, Adams was elected to that post. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Congress</a> announced the procedure for the election on September 13, 1788, stipulating that all electors must be chosen on the first Wednesday in January (January 7, 1789), and that the electors must assemble to cast their votes for president and vice president on the first Wednesday in February (February 4).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the states differed in their interpretations of this procedure and of the relevant portions of the new Constitution. New Hampshire and Massachusetts held a popular vote for their presidential electors alongside the elections for their congressional representatives, on December 15 and December 18, respectively. In these two states, the legislatures ultimately chose the electors based on the voting results on the appointed day, January 7. In Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, the electors were chosen directly by the popular vote on January 7. In Connecticut, Georgia, and South Carolina, the electors were appointed by the legislature alone on January 7, while in New Jersey the governor and council selected them on that day. The legislature in New York was unable to agree on a method for choosing the electors before January 7, and so the state could not appoint any electors.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">Voter turnout</a> comprised a low single-digit percentage of the adult population. Though all states allowed some rudimentary form of <a href="/wiki/Voting_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Voting rights in the United States">popular vote</a>, only six ratifying states allowed any form of popular vote specifically for presidential electors. In most states only white men, and in many only those who owned property, could vote. Free black men could vote in four Northern states, and women could vote in New Jersey until 1804. In some states, there was a nominal religious test for voting. For example, in Massachusetts and Connecticut, the Congregational Church was <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States#Patrick_Henry,_Massachusetts,_and_Connecticut" title="Separation of church and state in the United States">established</a>, supported by taxes. Voting was hampered by poor communications and infrastructure and the labor demands imposed by farming. Two months passed after the election before the votes were counted and Washington was notified that he had been elected president. Washington spent eight days traveling from Virginia to New York for the inauguration.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Congress took twenty-eight days to assemble.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the electors were selected, politics intruded, and the process was not free of rumors and intrigue. For example, Hamilton aimed to ensure that Adams did not inadvertently tie Washington in the electoral vote.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, Federalists spread rumors that Anti-Federalists plotted to elect <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Richard Henry Lee</a> or <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Patrick Henry</a> president, with <a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</a> as vice president. However, Clinton received only three electoral votes.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popular_vote">Popular vote</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Popular vote"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2">Popular vote<sup>(a), (b), (c)</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Count </th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalist</a> electors</b> </td> <td>24,471 </td> <td>87.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Anti-Federalism" title="Anti-Federalism">Anti-Federalist</a> electors</b> </td> <td>3,538 </td> <td>12.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td>28,009 </td> <td>100.0% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Source:</b> <i>United States Presidential Elections, 1788-1860: The Official Results</i> by Michael J. Dubin<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><sup>(a)</sup> <i>Only six of the 11 states eligible to cast electoral votes chose electors by any form of popular vote.</i><br /> <sup>(b)</sup> <i>Less than 1.8% of the population voted: the 1790 census would count a total population of 3.0 million with a free population of 2.4 million and 600,000 slaves in those states casting electoral votes.</i><br /> <sup>(c)</sup> <i>Those states that did choose electors by popular vote had widely varying restrictions on suffrage via property requirements.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_vote">Electoral vote</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Electoral vote"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Electoral_College_1788-89_(1).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/United_States_Electoral_College_1788-89_%281%29.svg/360px-United_States_Electoral_College_1788-89_%281%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/United_States_Electoral_College_1788-89_%281%29.svg/540px-United_States_Electoral_College_1788-89_%281%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/United_States_Electoral_College_1788-89_%281%29.svg/720px-United_States_Electoral_College_1788-89_%281%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Electoral_College_VP_1788-89.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/United_States_Electoral_College_VP_1788-89.svg/360px-United_States_Electoral_College_VP_1788-89.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/United_States_Electoral_College_VP_1788-89.svg/540px-United_States_Electoral_College_VP_1788-89.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/United_States_Electoral_College_VP_1788-89.svg/720px-United_States_Electoral_College_VP_1788-89.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Presidential candidate </th> <th rowspan="2">Party </th> <th rowspan="2">Home state </th> <th colspan="2">Popular vote<sup>(a), (b), (c)</sup> </th> <th rowspan="2">Electoral vote<sup>(d), (e), (f)</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Count </th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">28,009 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100.0% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">69 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalist</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">34 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">John Jay</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalist</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Harrison" title="Robert H. Harrison">Robert H. Harrison</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalist</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge" title="John Rutledge">John Rutledge</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalist</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalist</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anti-Federalism" title="Anti-Federalism">Anti-Federalist</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Huntington_(statesman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Huntington (statesman)">Samuel Huntington</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalist</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Milton_(Georgia_politician)" title="John Milton (Georgia politician)">John Milton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalist</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Armstrong_(Georgia_politician)" title="James Armstrong (Georgia politician)">James Armstrong</a><sup>(g)</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalist</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a><sup>(g)</sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lincoln" title="Benjamin Lincoln">Benjamin Lincoln</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalist</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_Telfair" title="Edward Telfair">Edward Telfair</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalist</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right;">Total </td> <td style="text-align:right;">28,009 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100.0% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">138 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right;">Needed to win </td> <td style="text-align:right;">35 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Source:</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/electoral-college/1789#certificates">"Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electoral+College+Box+Scores+1789%E2%80%931996&rft.pub=National+Archives+and+Records+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Felectoral-college%2F1789%23certificates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1788%E2%80%9389+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span> <b>Source (popular vote):</b> <i>A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><sup>(a)</sup> <i>Only 6 of the 10 states casting electoral votes chose electors by any form of the popular vote.</i><br /> <sup>(b)</sup> <i>Less than 1.8% of the population voted: the 1790 census would count a total population of 3.0 million with a free population of 2.4 million and 600,000 slaves in those states casting electoral votes.</i><br /> <sup>(c)</sup> <i>Those states that did choose electors by popular vote had widely varying restrictions on suffrage via property requirements.</i><br /> <sup>(d)</sup> <i>As the New York legislature failed to appoint its allotted eight electors in time, there were no voting electors from New York.</i><br /> <sup>(e)</sup> <i>Two electors from Maryland did not vote.</i><br /> <sup>(f)</sup> <i>One elector from Virginia did not vote and another elector from Virginia was not chosen because an election district failed to submit returns.</i><br /> <sup>(g)</sup> <i>The identity of this candidate comes from </i>The Documentary History of the First Federal Elections<i> (Gordon DenBoer (ed.), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Press" title="University of Wisconsin Press">University of Wisconsin Press</a>, 1984, p. 441). Several respected sources, including the <a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Political_Graveyard" class="mw-redirect" title="Political Graveyard">Political Graveyard</a>, show this individual to be James Armstrong of Pennsylvania. However, primary sources, such as the Senate Journal, list only Armstrong's name, not his state. Skeptics observe that Armstrong received his single vote from a Georgia elector. They find this improbable because Armstrong of Pennsylvania was not nationally famous—his public service to that date consisted of being a medical officer during the American Revolution and, at most, a single year as a Pennsylvania judge.</i> </p> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="notheme barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Popular vote</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><b>Washington</b></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#DDDDBB; width:100%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">100%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#777777; width:0.0%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.0%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="notheme barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Electoral vote</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><b>Washington</b></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#DDDDBB; width:100%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">100%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Adams</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#EA9978; width:46.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">46.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Jay</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#EA9978; width:12.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">12.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Harrison</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#EA9978; width:8.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">8.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Rutledge</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#EA9978; width:8.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">8.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#DDDDBB; width:19.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">19.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Not cast</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#DDDDBB; width:5.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5.5%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results_by_state">Results by state</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Results by state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Popular_vote_2">Popular vote</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Popular vote"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elections in this period were vastly different from modern day presidential elections. The actual presidential candidates were rarely mentioned on tickets and voters were voting for particular electors who were pledged to a particular candidate. There was sometimes confusion as to who the particular elector was actually pledged to. Results are reported as the highest result for an elector for any given faction. For example, if three federalist electors received 100, 50, and 25 votes, federalist electors would be recorded as having 100 votes. Confusion surrounding the way results are reported may lead to discrepancies between the sum of all state results and national results. </p><p>In Maryland, the state was effectively split into two districts: the western shore and the eastern shore. Five electors were chosen from the western shore and three from the eastern shore. All electors, however, were elected at-large by all Maryland voters.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Delaware, no candidate received the majority of votes, throwing the election to the legislature, who chose the five best-performing elector candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Virginian electors <a href="/wiki/John_Pride" title="John Pride">John Pride</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Patrick Henry</a> had previously voted against <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Ratifying_Convention" title="Virginia Ratifying Convention">ratification of the Constitution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Roane was one of three Clinton Electors.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 3">: 3 </span></sup> </p><p>The vote totals of Virginia and Delaware appear to be incomplete. In several states candidates of unknown affiliation received votes. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">George Washington<br /><i>Federalist electors</i> </th> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">George Washington<br /><i>Anti-Federalist electors</i> </th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Margin </th> <th>Not cast </th> <th>Citation </th></tr> <tr> <th align="center">State </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%">Electoral<br />votes </th> <th align="center"># </th> <th align="center">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%">Electoral<br />votes </th> <th align="center"># </th> <th align="center">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%">Electoral<br />votes </th> <th align="center"># </th> <th align="center">% </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> </th> <th>7 </th> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><i>No popular vote</i> </td> <td>7 </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><i>No popular vote</i> </td> <td>- </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Delaware">Delaware</a> </th> <th>3 </th> <td>522 </td> <td>100.00 </td> <td>3 </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><i>No ballots</i> </td> <td>- </td> <td>522 </td> <td>100.00 </td> <td>- </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Georgia">Georgia</a> </th> <th>5 </th> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><i>No popular vote</i> </td> <td>5 </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><i>No popular vote</i> </td> <td>- </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Maryland">Maryland</a> </th> <th>6 (8) </th> <td>7,665 </td> <td>77.09 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>2,278 </td> <td>22.91 </td> <td>- </td> <td>5,387 </td> <td>54.18 </td> <td>2 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </th> <th>10 </th> <td>4,477 </td> <td>97.14 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>132 </td> <td>2.86 </td> <td>- </td> <td>4345 </td> <td>94.28 </td> <td>- </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> </th> <th>5 </th> <td>1,759 </td> <td>100.00 </td> <td>5 </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><i>No ballots</i> </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,759 </td> <td>100.00 </td> <td>- </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> </th> <th>6 </th> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><i>No popular vote</i> </td> <td>6 </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><i>No popular vote</i> </td> <td>- </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <th>New York </th> <th>0 (<i>8</i>) </th> <td colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"><i>Legislature did not choose electors on time</i> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <th>North Carolina </th> <th>0 (<i>7</i>) </th> <td colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"><i>Had not yet ratified Constitution</i> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </th> <th>10 </th> <td>6,711 </td> <td>90.90 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>672 </td> <td>9.10 </td> <td>- </td> <td>6,039 </td> <td>81.80 </td> <td>- </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rhode Island </th> <th>0 (<i>3</i>) </th> <td colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"><i>Had not yet ratified Constitution</i> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> </th> <th>7 </th> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><i>No popular vote</i> </td> <td>7 </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><i>No popular vote</i> </td> <td>- </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Virginia">Virginia</a> </th> <th>10 (12) </th> <td>3,337 </td> <td>87.98 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>456 </td> <td>12.02 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2,881 </td> <td>75.96 </td> <td>2 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>TOTALS: </th> <th>69 (<i>91</i>) </th> <th>24,471 </th> <th>87.37 </th> <th>69 </th> <th>3,538 </th> <th>12.63 </th> <th>0 </th> <th>19,459 </th> <th>64.78 </th> <th>4 </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th>TO WIN: </th> <th>35 (<i>46</i>) </th> <th colspan="12"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Electoral_vote_2">Electoral vote</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Electoral vote"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sixty-nine electors voted out of a possible 91: Two electors from Maryland and two from Virginia did not vote, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Legislature" title="New York State Legislature">New York State Legislature</a> was deadlocked and the state's 8 electors were not appointed (see below), and North Carolina and Rhode Island with 7 and 3 electoral votes respectively had not yet ratified the Constitution. As per the terms of the unamended constitution, each elector was permitted two votes for president, with a majority of "the whole number of electors appointed" necessary to elect a president. Of the 69 participating electors, each cast one vote for Washington, who was elected president. Of the remaining candidates, only Adams, Jay, and Hancock received votes from more than one state; with 34 votes, Adams finished second behind only Washington, and by virtue of which fact was elected vice president. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th>State </th> <th style="font-size: 60%">Electors </th> <th style="font-size: 60%">Electoral<br />votes </th> <th><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington"><abbr title="George Washington">GW</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip George Washington</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams"><abbr title="John Adams">JAd</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip John Adams</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay"><abbr title="John Jay">JJ</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip John Jay</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Harrison" title="Robert H. Harrison"><abbr title="Robert H. Harrison">RH</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Robert H. Harrison</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge" title="John Rutledge"><abbr title="John Rutledge">JR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip John Rutledge</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock"><abbr title="John Hancock">JH</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip John Hancock</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)"><abbr title="George Clinton (vice president)">GC</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip George Clinton (vice president)</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Huntington_(statesman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Huntington (statesman)"><abbr title="Samuel Huntington (statesman)">SH</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Samuel Huntington (statesman)</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/John_Milton_(Georgia_politician)" title="John Milton (Georgia politician)"><abbr title="John Milton (Georgia politician)">JM</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip John Milton (Georgia politician)</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/James_Armstrong_(Georgia_politician)" title="James Armstrong (Georgia politician)"><abbr title="James Armstrong (Georgia politician)">JAr</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip James Armstrong (Georgia politician)</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lincoln" title="Benjamin Lincoln"><abbr title="Benjamin Lincoln">BL</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Benjamin Lincoln</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Edward_Telfair" title="Edward Telfair"><abbr title="Edward Telfair">ET</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Edward Telfair</span> </th> <th>Blank </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1788-89_United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="1788-89 United States presidential election in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> </th> <th>7 </th> <th>14 </th> <td>7 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>2 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1788-89_United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware" class="mw-redirect" title="1788-89 United States presidential election in Delaware">Delaware</a> </th> <th>3 </th> <th>6 </th> <td>3 </td> <td>— </td> <td>3 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1788-89_United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="1788-89 United States presidential election in Georgia">Georgia</a> </th> <th>5 </th> <th>10 </th> <td>5 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1788-89_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="1788-89 United States presidential election in Maryland">Maryland</a> </th> <th>8 </th> <th>16 </th> <td>6 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>6 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1788-89_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="1788-89 United States presidential election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </th> <th>10 </th> <th>20 </th> <td>10 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1788-89_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="1788-89 United States presidential election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> </th> <th>5 </th> <th>10 </th> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1788-89_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="1788-89 United States presidential election in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> </th> <th>6 </th> <th>12 </th> <td>6 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <th>New York </th> <th>8 </th> <th>16 </th> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1788-89_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="1788-89 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </th> <th>10 </th> <th>20 </th> <td>10 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>2 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1788-89_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="1788-89 United States presidential election in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> </th> <th>7 </th> <th>14 </th> <td>7 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>6 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1788-89_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="1788-89 United States presidential election in Virginia">Virginia</a> </th> <th>12 </th> <th>24 </th> <td>10 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>1 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>TOTAL </th> <th>81 </th> <th>162 </th> <th>69 </th> <th>34 </th> <th>9 </th> <th>6 </th> <th>6 </th> <th>4 </th> <th>3 </th> <th>2 </th> <th>2 </th> <th>1 </th> <th>1 </th> <th>1 </th> <th>24 </th></tr> <tr> <th>TO WIN </th> <th>37 </th> <th>37 </th> <th colspan="13"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Source:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://washingtonpapers.org/resources/articles/the-electoral-count-for-the-presidential-election-of-1789/">"The Electoral College Count for the Presidential Election of 1789"</a>. <i>Washington Papers</i>. University of Virginia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Papers&rft.atitle=The+Electoral+College+Count+for+the+Presidential+Election+of+1789&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwashingtonpapers.org%2Fresources%2Farticles%2Fthe-electoral-count-for-the-presidential-election-of-1789%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1788%E2%80%9389+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Failure_of_New_York_to_appoint_electors">Failure of New York to appoint electors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Failure of New York to appoint electors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Control of the bicameral New York State Legislature was divided following ratification of the federal constitution, and lawmakers could not reach an agreement to appoint electors for the forthcoming presidential contest. Federalists, backed by the great landed families and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">city</a> commercial interests, were the largest faction in the Senate, the smaller of the two chambers for which roughly a quarter of the state's free white male population was eligible to vote; but in the House of Representatives, with its larger membership and electorate, Anti-federalists representing the middling interests held the majority. The fight to <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Ratification_of_the_Constitution" title="History of the United States Constitution">ratify the United States Constitution</a> was still fresh in the memories of the legislators, and the Anti-Federalists were resentful for having been forced by events to accept the constitution without amendments. Bills to govern the selection of electors were proposed in each house and rejected by the other, leading to an impasse. The deadlock still stood on January 7, 1789, the last day for electors to be chosen by the states, and New York thus failed to appoint the eight electors allocated to it by the constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maps">Maps</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Maps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 208.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 206.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_by_county.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of presidential election results by county, shaded according to the vote share of the highest result for an elector of any given faction"><img alt="Map of presidential election results by county, shaded according to the vote share of the highest result for an elector of any given faction" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_by_county.svg/310px-1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_by_county.svg.png" decoding="async" width="207" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_by_county.svg/466px-1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_by_county.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_by_county.svg/621px-1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_by_county.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="773" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of presidential election results by county, shaded according to the vote share of the highest result for an elector of any given faction</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 208.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 206.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1788-89_United_States_presidential_election_by_electoral_district.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of presidential election results by electoral district, shaded according to the vote share of the highest result for an elector of any given faction. Data for several Virginian electoral districts could not be found"><img alt="Map of presidential election results by electoral district, shaded according to the vote share of the highest result for an elector of any given faction. Data for several Virginian electoral districts could not be found" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/1788-89_United_States_presidential_election_by_electoral_district.svg/310px-1788-89_United_States_presidential_election_by_electoral_district.svg.png" decoding="async" width="207" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/1788-89_United_States_presidential_election_by_electoral_district.svg/466px-1788-89_United_States_presidential_election_by_electoral_district.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/1788-89_United_States_presidential_election_by_electoral_district.svg/621px-1788-89_United_States_presidential_election_by_electoral_district.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="773" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of presidential election results by electoral district, shaded according to the vote share of the highest result for an elector of any given faction. Data for several Virginian electoral districts could not be found</div> </li> </ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_college_selection">Electoral college selection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Electoral college selection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Constitution, in <a href="/wiki/Article_Two_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_1,_Clause_2" title="Article Two of the United States Constitution">Article II, Section 1</a>, provided that the state legislatures should decide the manner in which their Electors were chosen. State legislatures chose different methods:<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Method of choosing electors </th> <th>State(s) </th></tr> <tr> <td>electors appointed by state legislature </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a><br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a><sup>(a)</sup><br /><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><ul><li>two electors appointed by state legislature</li><li>each remaining elector chosen by state legislature from the two most popular candidates in each U.S. House district</li></ul> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>each elector chosen by voters statewide; however, if no candidate wins majority, state legislature appoints electors from top ten candidates </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>state divided into electoral districts, with one elector chosen per district by the voters of that district </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a><sup>(b)</sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>electors chosen at large by voters </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>state had not yet ratified the Constitution </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup>(a)</sup> <i>New York's legislature did not choose electors on time.</i><br /> <sup>(b)</sup> <i>One electoral district failed to choose an elector.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1788–89 United States House of Representatives elections">1788–89 United States House of Representatives elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1788–89 United States Senate elections">1788–89 United States Senate elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1789%E2%80%931849)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the United States (1789–1849)">History of the United States (1789–1849)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New York had ratified the Constitution but its <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Legislature" title="New York State Legislature">legislature</a> failed to appoint presidential electors on time, while North Carolina and Rhode Island had not yet ratified. Vermont governed itself as a <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Republic" title="Vermont Republic">republic</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present">"National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present"</a>. <i>United States Election Project</i>. <a href="/wiki/CQ_Press" title="CQ Press">CQ Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Election+Project&rft.atitle=National+General+Election+VEP+Turnout+Rates%2C+1789-Present&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.electproject.org%2Fnational-1789-present&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1788%E2%80%9389+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See "Alternative methods for choosing electors" under <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Meacham 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaier2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Maier" title="Pauline Maier">Maier, Pauline</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ratificationpeop0000maie/page/429/mode/2up"><i>Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787–1788</i></a>. New York, New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-86854-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-86854-7"><bdi>978-0-684-86854-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ratification%3A+The+People+Debate+the+Constitution%2C+1787%E2%80%931788&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-684-86854-7&rft.aulast=Maier&rft.aufirst=Pauline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fratificationpeop0000maie%2Fpage%2F429%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1788%E2%80%9389+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span>, pp. 429-430.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephens, Frank Fletcher. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/peri00steptransitionalrich/page/66/mode/2up">The transitional period, 1788-1789, in the government of the United States</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri_Press" title="University of Missouri Press">University of Missouri Press</a>, 1909, pp. 67-74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/accepting-the-presidency/">"Accepting the Presidency"</a>. <i>George Washington's Mount Vernon</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=George+Washington%27s+Mount+Vernon&rft.atitle=Accepting+the+Presidency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mountvernon.org%2Flibrary%2Fdigitalhistory%2Fdigital-encyclopedia%2Farticle%2Faccepting-the-presidency%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1788%E2%80%9389+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1700s/A-Saturday-session-in-the-First-Congress/">"A Saturday Session in the First Congress | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives"</a>. <i>history.house.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.house.gov&rft.atitle=A+Saturday+Session+in+the+First+Congress+%7C+US+House+of+Representatives%3A+History%2C+Art+%26+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.house.gov%2FHistorical-Highlights%2F1700s%2FA-Saturday-session-in-the-First-Congress%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1788%E2%80%9389+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chernow, 272–273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_George_Clinton.htm">"VP George Clinton"</a>. <i>www.senate.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.senate.gov&rft.atitle=VP+George+Clinton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fhistory%2Fcommon%2Fgeneric%2FVP_George_Clinton.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1788%E2%80%9389+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDubin2002" class="citation book cs1">Dubin, Michael J. (2002). <i>United States Presidential Elections, 1788-1860: The Official Results by County and State</i>. Jefferson: McFarland & Company. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786410170" title="Special:BookSources/9780786410170"><bdi>9780786410170</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+Presidential+Elections%2C+1788-1860%3A+The+Official+Results+by+County+and+State&rft.place=Jefferson&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780786410170&rft.aulast=Dubin&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1788%E2%80%9389+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Charles J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/edward-telfair-1735-1807/">"Edward Telfair"</a>. <i>New Georgia Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Georgia+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Edward+Telfair&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Charles+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.georgiaencyclopedia.org%2Farticles%2Fgovernment-politics%2Fedward-telfair-1735-1807%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1788%E2%80%9389+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/?utf8=%E2%9C%93&f%5Belection_type_sim%5D%5B%5D=General&f%5Boffice_id_ssim%5D%5B%5D=ON056&range%5Bdate_sim%5D%5Bbegin%5D=1820&range%5Bdate_sim%5D%5Bend%5D=1820&q=1789&search_field=all_fields&commit=search">"A New Nation Votes"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+New+Nation+Votes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felections.lib.tufts.edu%2F%3Futf8%3D%25E2%259C%2593%26f%255Belection_type_sim%255D%255B%255D%3DGeneral%26f%255Boffice_id_ssim%255D%255B%255D%3DON056%26range%255Bdate_sim%255D%255Bbegin%255D%3D1820%26range%255Bdate_sim%255D%255Bend%255D%3D1820%26q%3D1789%26search_field%3Dall_fields%26commit%3Dsearch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1788%E2%80%9389+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephens2007" class="citation book cs1">Stephens, Frank Fletcher (2007). <i>The Transitional Period, 1788-1789, in the Government of the United States</i>. E.W. Stephens. pp. <span class="nowrap">69–</span>70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transitional+Period%2C+1788-1789%2C+in+the+Government+of+the+United+States&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E69-%3C%2Fspan%3E70&rft.pub=E.W.+Stephens&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Stephens&rft.aufirst=Frank+Fletcher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1788%E2%80%9389+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/f1881n287">"A New Nation Votes"</a>. <i>elections.lib.tufts.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/documentaryhisto0002unse_n1m7"><i>The Documentary History of the First Federal Elections, 1788–1790</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Press" title="University of Wisconsin Press">University of Wisconsin Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-06690-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-06690-1"><bdi>978-0-299-06690-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Documentary+History+of+the+First+Federal+Elections%2C+1788%E2%80%931790&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-299-06690-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdocumentaryhisto0002unse_n1m7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1788%E2%80%9389+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Dinkin, Robert J. Voting in Revolutionary America: A Study of Elections in the Original Thirteen States, 1776–1789. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1982.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllis1999" class="citation book cs1">Ellis, Richard J. (1999). <i>Founding the American Presidency</i>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8476-9499-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8476-9499-0"><bdi>978-0-8476-9499-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Founding+the+American+Presidency&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8476-9499-0&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1788%E2%80%9389+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCullough1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_McCullough" title="David McCullough">McCullough, David</a> (1990). <i><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_(book)" title="John Adams (book)">John Adams</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-7588-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-7588-7"><bdi>978-1-4165-7588-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Adams&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-7588-7&rft.aulast=McCullough&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1788%E2%80%9389+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeacham2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Meacham" title="Jon Meacham">Meacham, Jon</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thomasjeffersona00meac"><i>Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-6766-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-6766-4"><bdi>978-1-4000-6766-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+Jefferson%3A+The+Art+of+Power&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4000-6766-4&rft.aulast=Meacham&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthomasjeffersona00meac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1788%E2%80%9389+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Novotny, Patrick. <i>The Parties in American Politics, 1789–2016</i>.</li> <li>Paullin, Charles O. "The First Elections Under The Constitution." The Iowa Journal of History and Politics 2 (1904): 3-33. Web. February 20, 2017.</li> <li>Shade, William G., and Ballard C. Campbell. "The Election of 1788-89." American Presidential Campaigns and Elections. Ed. Craig R. Coenen. Vol. 1. Armonk, NY: Sharpe Reference, 2003. 65–77. Print.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:United_States_presidential_election,_1789" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:United States presidential election, 1789">United States presidential election, 1789</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/elections/election1789.html">Presidential Election of 1789: A Resource Guide</a> from the Library of Congress</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elections.lib.tufts.edu/">A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns, 1787–1825</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120203836/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/">Archived</a> January 20, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegreenpapers.com/Hx/ElectoralCollege.html">"A Historical Analysis of the Electoral College"</a>. <i>The Green Papers</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Green+Papers&rft.atitle=A+Historical+Analysis+of+the+Electoral+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegreenpapers.com%2FHx%2FElectoralCollege.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1788%E2%80%9389+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.countingthevotes.com/1789/">Election of 1789 in Counting the Votes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160525194027/http://www.countingthevotes.com/1789/">Archived</a> May 25, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:George_Washington" title="Template:George Washington"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:George_Washington" title="Template talk:George Washington"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_Washington" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George Washington"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_Washington1249" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">1st</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1789–1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanding_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Commanding General of the United States Army">Senior Officer of the Army</a> (1798–1799)</li> <li>Commander-in-Chief of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> (1775–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> (1775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a> (1774)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_George_Washington" title="Military career of George Washington">Military career</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Revolutionary War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_George_Washington" title="Military career of George Washington">Military career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_in_the_French_and_Indian_War" title="George Washington in the French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jumonville_Glen" title="Battle of Jumonville Glen">Jumonville Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Necessity" title="Battle of Fort Necessity">Battle of Fort Necessity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Monongahela" title="Battle of the Monongahela">Battle of the Monongahela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_Expedition" title="Forbes Expedition">Forbes Expedition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_in_the_American_Revolution" title="George Washington in the American Revolution">Washington in the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Commander-in-chief, Continental Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_aides-de-camp" title="Washington's aides-de-camp">Aides-de-camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington%27s_Headquarters_during_the_Revolutionary_War" title="List of Washington's Headquarters during the Revolutionary War">Washington's headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_tent" title="George Washington's tent">office and sleeping tent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_campaign" title="Boston campaign">Boston campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Boston" title="Siege of Boston">Siege of Boston</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">Delaware River crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Battle of Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Battle of the Assunpink Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">Battle of Princeton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">Philadelphia campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Battle of Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown" title="Battle of Germantown">Battle of Germantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Marsh" title="Battle of White Marsh">Battle of White Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monmouth" title="Battle of Monmouth">Battle of Monmouth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Saratoga" title="Battles of Saratoga">Battles of Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Expedition" title="Sullivan Expedition">Sullivan Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorktown_campaign" title="Yorktown campaign">Yorktown campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Siege of Yorktown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culper_Ring" title="Culper Ring">Culper Spy Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_Conspiracy" title="Newburgh Conspiracy">Newburgh Conspiracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_letter" title="Newburgh letter">Newburgh letter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asgill_Affair" title="Asgill Affair">Asgill Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(New_York)" title="Evacuation Day (New York)">Evacuation Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_resignation_as_commander-in-chief" title="George Washington's resignation as commander-in-chief">Resignation as commander-in-chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badge_of_Military_Merit" title="Badge of Military Merit">Badge of Military Merit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Before_Boston_Medal" title="Washington Before Boston Medal">Washington Before Boston Medal</a></li> <li>Horses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_(horse)" title="Nelson (horse)">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueskin_(horse)" title="Blueskin (horse)">Blueskin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Other U.S.<br />founding events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Association" title="Virginia Association">Initiated, co-wrote, 1769 Virginia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax_Resolves" title="Fairfax Resolves">Initiated, 1774 Fairfax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_in_Cases_of_Capture" title="Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture">Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Conference" title="Mount Vernon Conference">1785 Mount Vernon Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Chairman, 1787 Constitutional Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_political_evolution" title="George Washington's political evolution">George Washington's political evolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Presidency of George Washington">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_Washington_presidency" title="Timeline of the George Washington presidency">timeline)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1788–89 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_Washington" title="First inauguration of George Washington">First inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Inaugural_Bible" title="George Washington Inaugural Bible">inaugural bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_George_Washington" title="Second inauguration of George Washington">Second inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_reception_at_Trenton" title="George Washington's reception at Trenton">Reception at Trenton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._President_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. President (title)">Title of "Mr. President"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1789" title="Judiciary Act of 1789">Judiciary Act of 1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_act_to_regulate_the_time_and_manner_of_administering_certain_oaths" class="mw-redirect" title="An act to regulate the time and manner of administering certain oaths">Oath Administration Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonintercourse_Act" title="Nonintercourse Act">Nonintercourse Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion" title="Whiskey Rebellion">Whiskey Rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Militia_Acts_of_1792" title="Militia Acts of 1792">Militia Acts of 1792</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1792" title="Coinage Act of 1792">Coinage Act of 1792</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Succession_Act" title="Presidential Succession Act">Presidential Succession Act of 1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_cornerstone_laying" title="United States Capitol cornerstone laying">United States Capitol cornerstone laying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Neutrality" title="Proclamation of Neutrality">Proclamation of Neutrality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neutrality_Act_of_1794" title="Neutrality Act of 1794">Neutrality Act of 1794</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Treaty" title="Jay Treaty">Jay Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinckney%27s_Treaty" title="Pinckney's Treaty">Pinckney's Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Trade_Act_of_1794" title="Slave Trade Act of 1794">Slave Trade Act of 1794</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residence_Act" title="Residence Act">Residence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Thanksgiving_Proclamation" title="National Thanksgiving Proclamation">Thanksgiving Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Farewell_Address" title="George Washington's Farewell Address">Farewell Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1790_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="January 1790 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address January 1790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1790_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="December 1790 State of the Union Address">December 1790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1791_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1791 State of the Union Address">1791</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1792 State of the Union Address">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1793_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1793 State of the Union Address">1793</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1794_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1794 State of the Union Address">1794</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1795_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1795 State of the Union Address">1795</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1796_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1796 State of the Union Address">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington#Administration,_Cabinet_and_Supreme_Court_appointments" title="Presidency of George Washington">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_Washington" title="List of federal judges appointed by George Washington">Federal judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge_Supreme_Court_nominations" title="John Rutledge Supreme Court nominations">John Rutledge Supreme Court nominations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Views and<br />public image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_W._Smith_National_Library_for_the_Study_of_George_Washington" title="Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington">Presidential library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Papers" title="The Washington Papers">The Washington Papers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_George_Washington" title="Religious views of George Washington">Religious views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Destroyer" title="Town Destroyer">Town Destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_of_George_Washington" title="Legacy of George Washington">Legacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and homes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington#Early_life_(1732–1753)" title="George Washington">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Birthplace_National_Monument" title="George Washington Birthplace National Monument">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferry_Farm" title="Ferry Farm">Ferry Farm boyhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon" title="Mount Vernon">Mount Vernon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Fishery" title="George Washington's Fishery">Fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Gristmill" title="George Washington's Gristmill">Gristmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Rye_Whiskey" title="George Washington's Rye Whiskey">Whiskey distillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlawn_(Alexandria,_Virginia)" title="Woodlawn (Alexandria, Virginia)">Woodlawn Plantation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longfellow_House%E2%80%93Washington%27s_Headquarters_National_Historic_Site" title="Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site">Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mansion" title="Ford Mansion">Ford Mansion, Washington's headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Headquarters_State_Historic_Site" title="Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site">Hasbrouck House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Osgood_House" title="Samuel Osgood House">First Presidential Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Macomb_House" title="Alexander Macomb House">Second Presidential Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Philadelphia)" title="President's House (Philadelphia)">President's House, Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germantown_White_House" title="Germantown White House">Germantown White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Parke_Custis#Estate" title="Daniel Parke Custis">Custis estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_relations_with_the_Iroquois_Confederacy" title="George Washington's relations with the Iroquois Confederacy">Washington's relations with the Iroquois Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_Company" title="Potomac Company">Potomac Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_River_and_Kanawha_Canal" title="James River and Kanawha Canal">James River and Kanawha Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Road_Lottery" title="Mountain Road Lottery">Mountain Road Lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanks_of_Congress" title="Thanks of Congress">Thanks of Congress</a></li> <li>President General of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Cincinnati" title="Society of the Cincinnati">Society of the Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_College" title="Washington College">Washington College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_and_Lee_University" title="Washington and Lee University">Washington and Lee University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_George_Washington" title="Electoral history of George Washington">Electoral history of George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Post-presidency of George Washington">Post-presidency of George Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_George_Washington" title="List of memorials to George Washington">Memorials</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_George_Washington" title="Cultural depictions of George Washington">depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents%27_Day" title="Presidents' Day">Washington's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Washington" title="The Apotheosis of Washington">The Apotheosis of Washington</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_State_Park" title="Washington Monument State Park">Washington Monument (Boonsboro, Maryland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_(Baltimore)" title="Washington Monument (Baltimore)">Washington Monument (Baltimore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Houdon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Houdon)"><i>George Washington</i> (Houdon)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(copy_of_bust_by_Houdon)" title="George Washington (copy of bust by Houdon)">plaster copy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Ceracchi)" title="George Washington (Ceracchi)"><i>George Washington</i> (Ceracchi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Canova)" title="George Washington (Canova)"><i>George Washington</i> (Canova)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Greenough)" title="George Washington (Greenough)"><i>George Washington</i> (Greenough)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Trumbull)" title="George Washington (Trumbull)"><i>George Washington</i> (Trumbull)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_the_Revolutionary_War_Door" title="George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door">George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_War_Door" title="Revolutionary War Door">Revolutionary War Door</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_(1851_paintings)" title="Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)">Washington Crossing the Delaware</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Passage_of_the_Delaware" title="The Passage of the Delaware">The Passage of the Delaware</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_George_Washington_at_Trenton" title="General George Washington at Trenton">General George Washington at Trenton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Verplanck%27s_Point" title="Washington at Verplanck's Point">Washington at Verplanck's Point</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_George_Washington_Resigning_His_Commission" title="General George Washington Resigning His Commission">General George Washington Resigning His Commission</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis" title="Surrender of Lord Cornwallis">Surrender of Lord Cornwallis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_Portrait" title="Athenaeum Portrait">Unfinished portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansdowne_portrait" title="Lansdowne portrait">Lansdowne portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Family" title="The Washington Family">The Washington Family portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Princeton" title="Washington at Princeton"><i>Washington at Princeton</i> paintings</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_George_Washington_Taking_the_Salute_at_Trenton" title="Portrait of George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton">George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reception_to_Washington_on_April_21,_1789,_at_Trenton_on_his_way_to_New_York_to_Assume_the_Duties_of_the_Presidency_of_the_United_States" title="Reception to Washington on April 21, 1789, at Trenton on his way to New York to Assume the Duties of the Presidency of the United States">Reception at Trenton painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_George_Washington" title="List of statues of George Washington">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_Battle_Monument" title="Trenton Battle Monument">Trenton Battle Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Battle_Monument" title="Princeton Battle Monument">Princeton Battle Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_View_(West)" title="Point of View (West)"><i>Point of View</i> sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_on_Horseback" title="George Washington on Horseback">George Washington on Horseback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Statue of George Washington (Austin, Texas)">Austin statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Bartholomew)" title="George Washington (Bartholomew)">Baltimore statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Boston)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Boston)">Boston statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Mexico_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Statue of George Washington (Mexico City)">Mexico City statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Morristown,_New_Jersey)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Morristown, New Jersey)">Morristown statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Newark)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Newark)">Newark statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(New_York_City)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (New York City)">New York City statue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Wall_Street)" title="Statue of George Washington (Wall Street)">Wall Street statue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Paris)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Paris)">Paris statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Perth_Amboy,_New_Jersey)" title="Statue of George Washington (Perth Amboy, New Jersey)">Perth Amboy statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Bailly)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Washington (Bailly)">Philadelphia statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Portland, Oregon)">Portland statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Trenton,_New_Jersey)" title="Statue of George Washington (Trenton, New Jersey)">Trenton statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Washington_Circle)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Washington Circle)">Washington, D.C. statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_(West_Point)" title="Washington Monument (West Point)">West Point monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Masonic_National_Memorial" title="George Washington Masonic National Memorial">Washington Masonic National Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Parkway" title="George Washington Memorial Parkway">George Washington Memorial Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge">George Washington Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_Jefferson_National_Forests" title="George Washington and Jefferson National Forests">Washington and Jefferson National Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Park" title="Washington Square Park">Washington Square Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Arch" title="Washington Square Arch">Arch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Franklin_Issues" title="Washington–Franklin Issues">Washington–Franklin Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Bicentennial_stamps_of_1932" title="Washington Bicentennial stamps of 1932">1932 bicentennial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_on_currency#George_Washington" title="List of presidents of the United States on currency">Currency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_quarter" title="Washington quarter">Washington quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50_State_Quarters" class="mw-redirect" title="50 State Quarters">50 State Quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_and_United_States_Territories_quarters" title="District of Columbia and United States Territories quarters">D.C. and territories quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_quarters" title="America the Beautiful quarters">America the Beautiful quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Women_quarters" title="American Women quarters">American Women quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_Instructing_Youth" title="History Instructing Youth">History Instructing Youth dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-dollar_bill" title="United States one-dollar bill">Washington dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_dollar" title="Lafayette dollar">Lafayette dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_silver_bullion_coins" title="America the Beautiful silver bullion coins">Silver bullion coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_nickel" title="Washington nickel">Washington nickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_half_eagle" title="George Washington half eagle">Washington half eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_250th_Anniversary_half_dollar" title="George Washington 250th Anniversary half dollar">250th Anniversary half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_Anniversary_coins" title="Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins">Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Washington" title="Mount Washington">Mount Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_George_Washington" title="Cultural depictions of George Washington">Cultural depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(miniseries)" title="George Washington (miniseries)"><i>George Washington</i> (1984 miniseries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_II:_The_Forging_of_a_Nation" title="George Washington II: The Forging of a Nation">1986 sequel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(film)" title="A More Perfect Union (film)"><i>A More Perfect Union</i> (1989 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crossing_(2000_film)" title="The Crossing (2000 film)"><i>The Crossing</i> (2000 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Fight_to_Be_Free" title="We Fight to Be Free"><i>We Fight to Be Free</i> (2006 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn:_Washington%27s_Spies" title="Turn: Washington's Spies"><i>Turn: Washington's Spies</i> (2014–2017 series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_War_that_Made_America" title="The War that Made America"><i>The War that Made America</i> (2006 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(miniseries)" title="Washington (miniseries)"><i>Washington</i> (2020 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)" title="Hamilton (musical)"><i>Hamilton</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(2020_film)" title="Hamilton (2020 film)">film</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_George_Washington" title="Bibliography of George Washington">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Washington_articles" title="List of George Washington articles">List of articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founders_Online" title="Founders Online">Founders Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_dynasty" title="Virginia dynasty">Virginia dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Washington_family" title="Coat of arms of the Washington family">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_Locke_Weems#The_cherry-tree_anecdote" title="Mason Locke Weems">Cherry-tree anecdote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Farm#Washington_at_River_Farm" title="River Farm">River Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Crossing" title="Washington's Crossing">Washington's Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Rochambeau_Revolutionary_Route" title="Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route">Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_House_(Barbados)" title="George Washington House (Barbados)">1751 Barbados trip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:George_Washington" title="Category:George Washington">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Armies" title="General of the Armies">General of the Armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conway_Cabal" title="Conway Cabal">Conway Cabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Foxhound" title="American Foxhound">American Foxhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">patriots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Ross_flag" title="Betsy Ross flag">Betsy Ross flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Ladies%27_Association" title="Mount Vernon Ladies' Association">Mount Vernon Ladies' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Mansion_replicas" title="Mount Vernon Mansion replicas">Mount Vernon replicas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Building" title="George Washington Memorial Building">George Washington Memorial Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_theft_of_George_Washington%27s_skull" title="Attempted theft of George Washington's skull">Attempted theft of Washington's skull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Washington_family" title="Washington family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Washington" title="Martha Washington">Martha Washington</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Parke_Custis" title="John Parke Custis">John Parke Custis</a> (stepson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Parke_Custis" title="George Washington Parke Custis">George Washington Parke Custis</a> (step-grandson, adopted son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Parke_Custis_Lewis" title="Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis">Eleanor Parke Custis</a> (step-granddaughter, adopted daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Washington" title="Augustine Washington">Augustine Washington</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ball_Washington" title="Mary Ball Washington">Mary Ball Washington</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Washington_(1718%E2%80%931752)" title="Lawrence Washington (1718–1752)">Lawrence Washington</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Washington_Jr." title="Augustine Washington Jr.">Augustine Washington Jr.</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Washington_Lewis" title="Elizabeth Washington Lewis">Elizabeth Washington Lewis</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Washington" title="Samuel Washington">Samuel Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Augustine_Washington" title="John Augustine Washington">John A. Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Washington" title="Charles Washington">Charles Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Washington_(1659%E2%80%931698)" title="Lawrence Washington (1659–1698)">Lawrence Washington</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Gale" title="Mildred Gale">Mildred Gale</a> (grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Washington" title="John Washington">John Washington</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Reade_(colonial_governor)" title="George Reade (colonial governor)">George Reade</a> (2nd great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushrod_Washington" title="Bushrod Washington">Bushrod Washington</a> (nephew)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slavery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_slavery" title="George Washington and slavery">Washington and slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_enslaved_people_of_Mount_Vernon" title="List of enslaved people of Mount Vernon">List of enslaved people of Mount Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_(slave)" title="Betty (slave)">Betty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Branham" title="Caroline Branham">Caroline Branham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Costin" title="William Costin">William Costin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Ford" title="West Ford">West Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Johnson_(Mount_Vernon)" title="Sarah Johnson (Mount Vernon)">Sarah Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oney_Judge" class="mw-redirect" title="Oney Judge">Oney Judge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Lee_(valet)" title="Philip Lee (valet)">Philip Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lee_(valet)" title="William Lee (valet)">William Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_Posey" title="Hercules Posey">Hercules Posey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Sheels" title="Christopher Sheels">Christopher Sheels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Squash" title="Deborah Squash">Deborah Squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Washington" title="Harry Washington">Harry Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:George_Washington" title="Category:George Washington">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_George_Washington" title="Outline of George Washington">Outline</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="John_Adams1344" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John_Adams" title="Template:John Adams"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John_Adams" title="Template talk:John Adams"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John_Adams" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John Adams"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="John_Adams1344" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">2nd</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1797–1801)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">1st</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1789–1797)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom">U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom</a> (1785–1788)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_Netherlands" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the Netherlands">U.S. Minister to the Netherlands</a> (1782–1788)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> (1775–1778)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a> (1774)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding of the<br />United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braintree_Instructions" title="Braintree Instructions">Braintree Instructions (1765)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Massacre#Trials" title="Boston Massacre">Boston Massacre defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petition_to_the_King" title="Petition to the King">Petition to the King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoughts_on_Government" title="Thoughts on Government"><i>Thoughts on Government</i> (1776)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution (seconded)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams#Independence" title="John Adams">Declaration of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence#May_15_preamble" title="United States Declaration of Independence">May 15 preamble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Five" title="Committee of Five">Committee of Five</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_Treaty" title="Model Treaty">Model Treaty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amity_and_Commerce_(France%E2%80%93United_States)" title="Treaty of Amity and Commerce (France–United States)">Treaty of Amity and Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Alliance_(1778)" title="Treaty of Alliance (1778)">Treaty of Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_War" title="Board of War">Board of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy#Secretaries_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Chairman of the Marine Committee, 1775–1779</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Navy" title="Continental Navy">Continental Navy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Peace_Conference" title="Staten Island Peace Conference">Staten Island Peace Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conference_House" title="Conference House">Conference House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Massachusetts" title="Constitution of Massachusetts">Constitution of Massachusetts (1780)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris, 1783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy_of_John_Adams" title="Diplomacy of John Adams">Diplomacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States presidential election 1788–1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">1800</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Adams" title="Presidency of John Adams">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_Adams_presidency" title="Timeline of the John Adams presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_John_Adams" title="Inauguration of John Adams">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-War" title="Quasi-War">Quasi War with France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XYZ_Affair" title="XYZ Affair">XYZ Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">United States Department of the Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Act_further_to_protect_the_commerce_of_the_United_States" title="An Act further to protect the commerce of the United States">Commerce Protection Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_1800" title="Convention of 1800">Convention of 1800</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Territory" title="Mississippi Territory">Mississippi Organic Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts" title="Alien and Sedition Acts">Alien and Sedition Acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1798" title="Naturalization Act of 1798">Naturalization Act of 1798</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Act_for_the_relief_of_sick_and_disabled_seamen" title="An Act for the relief of sick and disabled seamen">Sick and Disabled Seamen Relief Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Hospital_Service" title="Marine Hospital Service">Marine Hospital Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy_Act_of_1800" title="Bankruptcy Act of 1800">Bankruptcy Act of 1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Territory" title="Indiana Territory">Indiana Organic Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Trade_Act_of_1800" title="Slave Trade Act of 1800">Slave Trade Act of 1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Organic_Act_of_1801" title="District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801">District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Department_Library" title="Navy Department Library">Navy Department Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tellico" title="Treaty of Tellico">Treaty of Tellico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tripoli" title="Treaty of Tripoli">Treaty of Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Judges_Act" title="Midnight Judges Act">Midnight Judges Act</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Marbury_v._Madison" title="Marbury v. Madison">Marbury v. Madison</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1797_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1797 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address (1797</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1798_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1798 State of the Union Address">1798</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1799_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1799 State of the Union Address">1799</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1800_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1800 State of the Union Address">1800)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Thomas_Jefferson" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential transition of Thomas Jefferson">Presidential transition of Thomas Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams#Administration_and_cabinet" title="John Adams">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_John_Adams" title="List of federal judges appointed by John Adams">Federal judiciary appointments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Historical_Society#Collections" title="Massachusetts Historical Society">Massachusetts Historical Society holdings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_Papers_Editorial_Project" title="Adams Papers Editorial Project">Adams Papers Editorial Project</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Defence_of_the_Constitutions_of_Government_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America">A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Letters_of_Mrs._Adams,_the_Wife_of_John_Adams" title="Letters of Mrs. Adams, the Wife of John Adams">Letters of Mrs. Adams, the Wife of John Adams</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founders_Online" title="Founders Online">Founders Online</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gray_v._Pitts" title="Gray v. Pitts">Gray v. Pitts</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and<br />homes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams#Early_life_and_education" title="John Adams">Early life and education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_National_Historical_Park" title="Adams National Historical Park">Adams National Historical Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Birthplace" title="John Adams Birthplace">John Adams Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams_Birthplace" title="John Quincy Adams Birthplace">Family home and John Quincy Adams birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacefield" title="Peacefield">Peacefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_National_Historical_Park#Stone_Library" title="Adams National Historical Park">Stone Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Hall_(Harvard_University)" title="Massachusetts Hall (Harvard University)">Massachusetts Hall, Harvard University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Philadelphia)" title="President's House (Philadelphia)">Presidents House, Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">Co-founder and second president, American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_First_Parish_Church" title="United First Parish Church">United First Parish Church and gravesite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_John_Adams" title="Bibliography of John Adams">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_John_Adams" title="List of memorials to John Adams">List of memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_Memorial" title="Adams Memorial">Adams Memorial</a> (proposed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Building" title="John Adams Building">John Adams Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County_Courthouse" title="Suffolk County Courthouse">John Adams Courthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial#Exterior" title="Jefferson Memorial">Jefferson Memorial pediment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#John_Adams" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(painting)" title="Treaty of Paris (painting)">Treaty of Paris</a></i> (1783 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Adams_(1799)" title="USS Adams (1799)">USS <i>Adams</i></a> (1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_John_Adams_(1799)" title="USS John Adams (1799)">USS <i>John Adams</i></a> (1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Adams_(1874)" title="USS Adams (1874)">USS <i>Adams</i></a> (1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_President_Adams" title="USS President Adams">USS <i>President Adams</i></a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_John_Adams_(SSBN-620)" title="USS John Adams (SSBN-620)">USS <i>John Adams</i></a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_House_(Harvard_College)" title="Adams House (Harvard College)">Adams House at Harvard University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Adams_(New_Hampshire)" title="Mount Adams (New Hampshire)">Mount Adams (New Hampshire,</a> <a href="/wiki/Mount_Adams_(Washington)" title="Mount Adams (Washington)">Washington)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_56_Signers_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence">Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Profiles_in_Courage_(TV_series)" title="Profiles in Courage (TV series)"><i>Profiles in Courage</i> (1964 series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Primitive" title="American Primitive"><i>American Primitive</i> (1969 play)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1776_(musical)" title="1776 (musical)"><i>1776</i> (1969 musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1776_(film)" title="1776 (film)">1972 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adams_Chronicles" title="The Adams Chronicles"><i>The Adams Chronicles</i> (1976 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty!" title="Liberty!"><i>Liberty!</i> (1997 documentary series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty%27s_Kids" title="Liberty's Kids"><i>Liberty's Kids</i> (2002 animated series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_(book)" title="John Adams (book)"><i>John Adams</i> (2001 book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_(miniseries)" title="John Adams (miniseries)">2008 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_and_Abigail_Adams" title="John and Abigail Adams"><i>John and Abigail Adams</i> (2006 documentary film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Liberty_(miniseries)" title="Sons of Liberty (miniseries)"><i>Sons of Liberty</i> (2015 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_(miniseries)" title="Franklin (miniseries)"><i>Franklin</i> (2024 miniseries)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_and_Liberty" title="Adams and Liberty">"Adams and Liberty" campaign song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Public_Library#Overview" title="Boston Public Library">Adams' personal library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Enlightenment" title="American Enlightenment">American Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Hall" title="Congress Hall">Congress Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Party_System" title="First Party System">First Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">republicanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gazette_of_the_United_States" title="Gazette of the United States">Gazette of the United States</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Museum_(magazine)" title="The American Museum (magazine)">The American Museum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adams_political_family" title="Adams political family">Adams political family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</a> <ul><li>wife</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_political_family" title="Quincy political family">Quincy political family</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams_Smith" title="Abigail Adams Smith">Abigail Adams Smith</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> <ul><li>son</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Quincy_Adams" title="Presidency of John Quincy Adams">presidency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Adams_(1770%E2%80%931800)" title="Charles Adams (1770–1800)">Charles Adams</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Boylston_Adams_(judge)" title="Thomas Boylston Adams (judge)">Thomas Boylston Adams</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Adams" title="George Washington Adams">George Washington Adams</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">Charles Francis Adams Sr.</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_II" title="John Adams II">John Adams II</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams_II" title="John Quincy Adams II">John Quincy Adams II</a> (great-grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Adams" title="Henry Adams">Henry Adams</a> (great-grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Adams" title="Brooks Adams">Brooks Adams</a> (great-grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Sr." title="John Adams Sr.">John Adams Sr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_Boylston" title="Susanna Boylston">Susanna Boylston</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a> (second cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_Adams" title="Louisa Adams">Louisa Adams</a> (daughter-in-law, <a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ladies_of_the_United_States" title="List of first ladies of the United States">first lady</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">← George Washington</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li>Thomas Jefferson →</li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:John_Adams" title="Category:John Adams">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_presidential_elections584" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_presidential_elections" title="Template:United States presidential elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_presidential_elections" title="Template talk:United States presidential elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_presidential_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States presidential elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_presidential_elections584" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">United States presidential elections</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections by year</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1788–89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">1804</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_presidential_election" title="1820 United States presidential election">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election" title="1840 United States presidential election">1840</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election" title="1844 United States presidential election">1844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="1856 United States presidential election">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_United_States_presidential_election" title="1868 United States presidential election">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election" title="1872 United States presidential election">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election" title="1876 United States presidential election">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election" title="1880 United States presidential election">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election" title="1888 United States presidential election">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election" title="1896 United States presidential election">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election" title="1900 United States presidential election">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election" title="1904 United States presidential election">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election" title="1908 United States presidential election">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="1928 United States presidential election">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_United_States_presidential_election" title="2028 United States presidential election"><i>2028</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_by_participation_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="List of states by participation in United States presidential elections">Elections by state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Alabama" title="United States presidential elections in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Alaska" title="United States presidential elections in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Arizona" title="United States presidential elections in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Arkansas" title="United States presidential elections in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_California" title="United States presidential elections in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Colorado" title="United States presidential elections in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Connecticut" title="United States presidential elections in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Delaware" title="United States presidential elections in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States presidential elections in the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Florida" title="United States presidential elections in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Georgia" title="United States presidential elections in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Hawaii" title="United States presidential elections in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Idaho" title="United States presidential elections in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Illinois" title="United States presidential elections in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Indiana" title="United States presidential elections in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Iowa" title="United States presidential elections in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Kansas" title="United States presidential elections in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Kentucky" title="United States presidential elections in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Louisiana" title="United States presidential elections in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Maine" title="United States presidential elections in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Maryland" title="United States presidential elections in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Massachusetts" title="United States presidential elections in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Michigan" title="United States presidential elections in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Minnesota" title="United States presidential elections in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Mississippi" title="United States presidential elections in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Missouri" title="United States presidential elections in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Montana" title="United States presidential elections in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Nebraska" title="United States presidential elections in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Nevada" title="United States presidential elections in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_Hampshire" title="United States presidential elections in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_Jersey" title="United States presidential elections in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_Mexico" title="United States presidential elections in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_York" title="United States presidential elections in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_North_Carolina" title="United States presidential elections in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_North_Dakota" title="United States presidential elections in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Ohio" title="United States presidential elections in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Oklahoma" title="United States presidential elections in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Oregon" title="United States presidential elections in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Pennsylvania" title="United States presidential elections in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Rhode_Island" title="United States presidential elections in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_South_Carolina" title="United States presidential elections in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_South_Dakota" title="United States presidential elections in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Tennessee" title="United States presidential elections in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Texas" title="United States presidential elections in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Utah" title="United States presidential elections in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Vermont" title="United States presidential elections in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Virginia" title="United States presidential elections in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Washington_(state)" title="United States presidential elections in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_West_Virginia" title="United States presidential elections in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Wisconsin" title="United States presidential elections in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Wyoming" title="United States presidential elections in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_primary" title="United States presidential primary">Primaries and caucuses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_caucuses" title="Iowa caucuses">Iowa caucuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_presidential_primary" title="New Hampshire presidential primary">New Hampshire presidential primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_presidential_caucuses" title="Nevada presidential caucuses">Nevada presidential caucuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_presidential_primary" title="South Carolina presidential primary">South Carolina presidential primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_nominating_convention" title="United States presidential nominating convention">Nominating conventions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_nominating_conventions_in_the_United_States" title="List of presidential nominating conventions in the United States">List of nominating conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brokered_convention" title="Brokered convention">Brokered convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_bounce" title="Convention bounce">Convention bounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superdelegate" title="Superdelegate">Superdelegate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a><br />and popular vote</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Results <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_summary" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election summary">summary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_in_which_the_winner_lost_the_popular_vote" title="List of United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote">elections in which the winner lost the popular vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_by_Electoral_College_margin" title="List of United States presidential elections by Electoral College margin">Electoral College margins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_election_results_by_state" title="List of United States presidential election results by state">Electoral College results by state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_vote_changes_between_United_States_presidential_elections" title="Electoral vote changes between United States presidential elections">electoral vote changes between elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_received_an_electoral_vote_in_the_United_States_Electoral_College" title="List of people who received an electoral vote in the United States Electoral College">electoral vote recipients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_candidates_by_number_of_votes_received" title="List of United States presidential candidates by number of votes received">popular votes received</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_by_popular_vote_margin" title="List of United States presidential elections by popular vote margin">popular-vote margins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Count_Act" title="Electoral Count Act">Electoral Count Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certificate_of_ascertainment" title="Certificate of ascertainment">Certificate of ascertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certificate_of_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Certificate of vote">Certificate of vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contingent_election" title="Contingent election">Contingent election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faithless_elector" title="Faithless elector">Faithless elector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unpledged_elector" title="Unpledged elector">Unpledged elector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="Voter turnout in United States presidential elections">Voter turnout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._presidential_campaign_slogans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. presidential campaign slogans">Campaign slogans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polling_for_United_States_presidential_elections" title="Polling for United States presidential elections">Historical election polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_Day_(United_States)" title="Election Day (United States)">Election Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_major_party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States major party presidential tickets">Major party tickets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States" title="List of unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States">Major party losers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_debates" title="United States presidential debates">Presidential debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_surprise" title="October surprise">October surprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">Red states and blue states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_state" title="Swing state">Swing state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipping-point_state" title="Tipping-point state">Tipping-point state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_recount" title="Election recount">Election recount</a> (<a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_recount_in_Florida" title="2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_straw_polls_in_Guam" title="United States presidential straw polls in Guam">Guam straw poll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_straw_polls_in_Puerto_Rico" title="United States presidential straw polls in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico straw poll</a></li> <li>Vice presidential confirmations: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1973_United_States_vice_presidential_confirmation" title="1973 United States vice presidential confirmation">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_vice_presidential_confirmation" title="1974 United States vice presidential confirmation">1974</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="Template:United States House of Representatives elections">House elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Senate_elections" title="Template:United States Senate elections">Senate elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="Template:United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(1787_←)_1788_United_States_elections_(→_1789)475" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1788_United_States_elections" title="Template:1788 United States elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1788_United_States_elections" title="Template talk:1788 United States elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1788_United_States_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1788 United States elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(1787_←)_1788_United_States_elections_(→_1789)475" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/Category:1787_elections_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1787 elections in the United States">1787 ←</a>)   <a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_elections" title="1788–89 United States elections">1788 United States elections</a>   (<a href="/wiki/1789_United_States_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1789 United States elections">→ 1789</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">U.S.<br />President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Virginia">Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1788–89 United States Senate elections">U.S.<br />Senate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1788_United_States_Senate_elections_in_Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="1788 United States Senate elections in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788_United_States_Senate_elections_in_Delaware" class="mw-redirect" title="1788 United States Senate elections in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788_United_States_Senate_elections_in_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="1788 United States Senate elections in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788_United_States_Senate_elections_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="1788 United States Senate elections in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788_United_States_Senate_elections_in_New_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="1788 United States Senate elections in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788_United_States_Senate_elections_in_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="1788 United States Senate elections in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788_United_States_Senate_elections_in_Pennsylvania" title="1788 United States Senate elections in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788_United_States_Senate_elections_in_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="1788 United States Senate elections in Virginia">Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1788–89 United States House of Representatives elections">U.S.<br />House</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1788_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Connecticut" title="1788 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%931789_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Massachusetts" title="1788–1789 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%931789_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_New_Hampshire" title="1788–1789 United States House of Representatives election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1788 United States House of Representatives election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_South_Carolina" title="1788 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State<br />legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1788_Massachusetts_Senate_election" title="1788 Massachusetts Senate election">Massachusetts Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:1788_elections_in_the_United_States_by_state" title="Category:1788 elections in the United States by state">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1788_Connecticut_elections" title="Category:1788 Connecticut elections">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1788_Delaware_elections" title="Category:1788 Delaware elections">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1788_Maryland_elections" title="Category:1788 Maryland elections">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1788_Massachusetts_elections" title="Category:1788 Massachusetts elections">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1788_New_Hampshire_elections" title="Category:1788 New Hampshire elections">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1788_New_Jersey_elections" title="Category:1788 New Jersey elections">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1788_Pennsylvania_elections" title="Category:1788 Pennsylvania elections">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1788_South_Carolina_elections" title="Category:1788 South Carolina elections">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1788_Virginia_elections" title="Category:1788 Virginia elections">Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_and_district_results_of_the_1788–89_United_States_presidential_election129" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:State_results_of_the_1788%E2%80%9389_U.S._presidential_election" title="Template:State results of the 1788–89 U.S. presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:State_results_of_the_1788%E2%80%9389_U.S._presidential_election" title="Template talk:State results of the 1788–89 U.S. presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:State_results_of_the_1788%E2%80%9389_U.S._presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:State results of the 1788–89 U.S. presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_and_district_results_of_the_1788–89_United_States_presidential_election129" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">State and district results of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1788–89 United States presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1788–89 United States presidential election in Virginia">Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" 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