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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mina_terestră" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mina_terestră"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mina terestră</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mina_terestră-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mina_marină" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mina_marină"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mina marină</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mina_marină-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anumite_puncte_de_vedere_umane" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anumite_puncte_de_vedere_umane"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Anumite puncte de vedere umane</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anumite_puncte_de_vedere_umane-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mină (armă)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 15 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Міна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Міна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mine_(Waffe)" title="Mine (Waffe) – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mine (Waffe)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosive_mine" title="Explosive mine – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Explosive mine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miina" title="Miina – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Miina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mianach_(pl%C3%A9asc%C3%A1n)" title="Mianach (pléascán) – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mianach (pléascán)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mina_(arma)" title="Mina (arma) – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mina (arma)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mina" title="Mina – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mina" title="Mina – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mina" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mine" title="Mine – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mine" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mina_(bro%C5%84)" title="Mina (broń) – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mina (broń)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ماين – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ماين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE)" title="Мина (военное дело) – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мина (военное дело)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mina" title="Mina – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Міна (військова справа) – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міна (військова справа)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mina" title="Mina – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mina" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1481202#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie:Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discuții despre această pagină — pagină inexistentă [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&oldid=16242628" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Min%C4%83_%28arm%C4%83%29&id=16242628&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMin%25C4%2583_%28arm%25C4%2583%29"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMin%25C4%2583_%28arm%25C4%2583%29"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Min%C4%83+%28arm%C4%83%29"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Min%C4%83_%28arm%C4%83%29&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mine_warfare" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1481202" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Landmine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Landmine.jpg/160px-Landmine.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Landmine.jpg/240px-Landmine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Landmine.jpg/320px-Landmine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="835" /></a><figcaption>Mină terestră din <a href="/wiki/Al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial" title="Al Doilea Război Mondial">Al Doilea Război Mondial</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mina</b> este o <a href="/wiki/Arm%C4%83" title="Armă">armă</a> explozivă care se așază pe pământ sau în pământ (mina terestră), sub apă (mina marină) etc. și care explodează la atingere sau la comandă. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mina_terestră"><span id="Mina_terestr.C4.83"></span>Mina terestră</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Mina terestră" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Mina terestră"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Min%C4%83_de_teren" title="Mină de teren">Mină de teren</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16505893">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}</style> <p><b>Mina terestră</b> este un tip de <a href="/wiki/Arm%C4%83" title="Armă">armă</a> ascunsă în pământ la mică adâncime, pentru ca <a href="/wiki/Explozibil" class="mw-redirect" title="Explozibil">explozibilul</a> să detoneze la presiunea exercitată de greutatea unei persoane sau a unui vehicul. Se compune din încărcătură explozivă și un focos. </p><p>Minele terestre se pot utiliza pentru asigurarea <a href="/wiki/Frontier%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontieră">frontierelor</a> în perioade de conflict sau pentru restrângerea mișcărilor inamicului pe timp de <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboi" title="Război">război</a>, astfel încât trupele atacante să poată cădea într-o <a href="/wiki/Ambuscad%C4%83" title="Ambuscadă">ambuscadă</a> sau să fie bombardate mai ușor. </p><p>Din punct de vedere militar, minele permit ca o forță organizată să se poată înfrunta cu un inamic mai numeros. </p><p>Majoritatea țărilor din lume (144 țări) au interzis fabricarea, folosirea sau deținerea de către armatele lor a minelor antipersonal. </p><p>La 18 septembrie 1997, la <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norvegia" title="Norvegia">Norvegia</a>, a fost adoptată <i>Convenția privind interzicerea utilizării, stocării, producerii și transferului de mine antipersonal și distrugerea acestora</i>, convenție la care a aderat și <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia" title="România">România</a>, textul actului fiind publicat în Monitorul Oficial nr. 590/22 noiembrie 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pentru <a href="/wiki/Republica_Moldova" title="Republica Moldova">Republica Moldova</a>, Convenția a intrat în vigoare la 29 aprilie 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Unele state puternice, ca <a href="/wiki/Statele_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Statele Unite ale Americii">Statele Unite ale Americii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistanul</a> și <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> încă nu au aderat la Convenția de la Ottawa.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Pentru deminare se folosesc <a href="/wiki/Detector_de_metale" title="Detector de metale">detectoare de metale</a>, deoarece, de obicei, corpul minelor este de <a href="/wiki/O%C8%9Bel" title="Oțel">oțel</a>. Pentru a împiedica descoperirea și dezafectarea minelor, în vara anului 1997 la uzina din <a href="/wiki/R%C3%AEbni%C8%9Ba" title="Rîbnița">Rîbnița</a> a fost produs primul lot experimental de 100 de mine antipersonal în carcasă de <a href="/wiki/Lemn" title="Lemn">lemn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mina_marină"><span id="Mina_marin.C4.83"></span>Mina marină</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Mina marină" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Mina marină"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Mine_(AWM_304925).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Mine_%28AWM_304925%29.jpg/160px-Mine_%28AWM_304925%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Mine_%28AWM_304925%29.jpg/240px-Mine_%28AWM_304925%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Mine_%28AWM_304925%29.jpg/320px-Mine_%28AWM_304925%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>Mină marină de contact germană din al doilea război mondial</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mina marină</b> sau subacvatică este o armă explozivă ce se așază sub apă. Mina subacvatică este folosită în operațiunile militare maritime pentru distrugerea navelor. Sunt plasate de nave puitoare de mine sau lansate din avioane. Este compusă din încărcătură explozivă, sistem de aprindere și sistem pentru ancorare sau pentru prindere de scoarța subacvatică, de corpul navelor, de cheiuri etc. Explodează la atingere sau la comandă. </p><p>Mina marină a fost cea mai eficientă armă de distrugere a <a href="/wiki/Submarin" title="Submarin">submarinelor</a> în timpul <a href="/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial" class="mw-redirect" title="Primul război mondial">Primului Război Mondial</a>. A jucat un rol important în timpul celui de <a href="/wiki/Al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial" title="Al Doilea Război Mondial">Al Doilea Război Mondial</a>, când au fost scufundate 1118 nave ale <a href="/wiki/Alia%C8%9Bii_din_al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial" class="mw-redirect" title="Aliații din al Doilea Război Mondial">aliaților</a> și 1316 nave ale <a href="/wiki/Ax%C4%83" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Axă">Axei</a>. </p><p>Minele marine pot fi de mai multe tipuri: </p> <ul><li>După locul de acțiune minele marine se pot clasifica în: <ul><li>mine în derivă sau derivante - care plutesc la suprafața apei</li> <li>mine ancorate - aflate la o anumită înălțime față de fundul mării</li> <li>de adâncime: care poate fi plantată sub apă, chiar și până la 1000 m adâncime</li> <li>mine de fund - dispuse pe scoarța subacvatică</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>După modul în care este declanșată explozia deosebim: <ul><li>mine de contact - care explodează în urma șocului produs de contactul acestora cu navele de suprafață sau cu submarinele</li> <li>mine cu antene - care explodează în momentul realizării contactului antenei cu un submarin sau cu o navă de suprafață</li> <li>mine fără contact - care explodează în prezența câmpurilor fizice ale navelor de suprafață sau submarinelor</li> <li>mine comandate de la distanță - la care explozia se produce numai atunci când aceasta este provocată</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>După modul de influențare al detonatorului se deosebesc: <ul><li>mine magnetice</li> <li>mine acustice</li> <li>mine hidrodinamice</li> <li>mine combinate (magneto-acustice, hidro-magnetice, hidro-acustice și magneto-hidro-acustice).</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Funcție de soluțiile constructive adoptate, există: <ul><li>mine staționare (clasice),</li> <li>mine-torpilă,</li> <li>mine-rachetă</li> <li>mine-bombă.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>După mijlocul din care se lansează se deosebesc următoarele categorii de mine: <ul><li>lansate din ambarcațiuni și nave de suprafață</li> <li>lansate de submarine</li> <li>lansate de aviație.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140830114740/http://www.cdep.ro/pls/legis/legis_pck.htp_act_text?idt=25041">„CONVENȚIE privind interzicerea utilizării, stocării, producerii și transferului de mine antipersonal și distrugerea acestora”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cdep.ro/pls/legis/legis_pck.htp_act_text?idt=25041">original</a> la <time datetime="2014-08-30">30 august 2014</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2008-01-08">8 ianuarie 2008</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CONVEN%C8%9AIE+privind+interzicerea+utiliz%C4%83rii%2C+stoc%C4%83rii%2C+producerii+%C8%99i+transferului+de+mine+antipersonal+%C8%99i+distrugerea+acestora&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdep.ro%2Fpls%2Flegis%2Flegis_pck.htp_act_text%3Fidt%3D25041&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AMin%C4%83+%28arm%C4%83%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071103012627/http://www.mfa.md/politica-externa/armament/">„Neproliferarea, dezarmarea și controlul armamentelor”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.md/politica-externa/armament/">original</a> la <time datetime="2007-11-03">3 noiembrie 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2008-01-08">8 ianuarie 2008</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Neproliferarea%2C+dezarmarea+%C8%99i+controlul+armamentelor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.md%2Fpolitica-externa%2Farmament%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AMin%C4%83+%28arm%C4%83%29" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+MOTION+P6-RC-2007-0518+0+DOC+XML+V0//RO">Parlamentul european - Propunere comună de rezoluție</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mapn.ro/cdiua/Ottawa.htm">CONVENȚIE privind interzicerea utilizării, stocării, producerii și transferului de mine antipersonal și distrugerea acestora</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:JjzLuMEnsAAJ:www.romanimea.com/Dosarul_transnistrean/Transnistria_date_militare.doc+mine+antitanc+antipersonal&hl=ro&ct=clnk&cd=20&gl=ro">Transnistria – potentialul militar-logistic si rolul său în geopolitica istmului ponto-baltic</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anumite_puncte_de_vedere_umane">Anumite puncte de vedere umane</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Anumite puncte de vedere umane" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Anumite puncte de vedere umane"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Numai <a href="/wiki/Min%C4%83" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Mină">minele</a> terestre au cauzat în ultimii 30 de ani moartea a ca. 1 milion de oameni, din care numai 20 % au fost combatanți iar restul de 80 % au fost persoane civile, care au căzut de multe ori ca victime după încetarea conflictului militar, dintre aceste persoane civile 25 % erau copii.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In anul 2003 au fost înregistrate în lume, 8000 de persoane omorâte, sau mutilate de mine, se apreciază că cifra reală ar fi de ca. 20.000 de victime. Persoanele rămase în viață au rămas cu deficite auditive și au fost schilodiți la mâini sau picioare. <a href="/wiki/ONU" class="mw-redirect" title="ONU">ONU</a> caută să introducă pretutindeni ca minele să fie cuprinse într-un protocol de unde să reiasă locul exact al depunerii minelor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note_2">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"></ol></div></li></ul> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfam.de/informieren/krisen-und-konflikte">Schutz und Hilfe in humanitären Krisen</a></span> </li> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ilie Manole, Gheorghe Ionescu: <i>Dicționar marinăresc</i>. Editura Albatros, București, 1982</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%C4%83_(arm%C4%83)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear:right;border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0 0 1em 1em;font-size:90%;background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9);color:color:var(--color-base, #000);width:230px;padding:2px;spacing:2px;text-align:center;float:right"><div style="float:left;vertical-align:middle"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></div><div style="margin-left:35px;line-height:normal;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> conține materiale multimedia legate de <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Naval_mines?uselang=ro">Mină (armă)</a></b></span></div></div> <p>Deminări </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.descopera.ro/cultura/9551409-intre-minge-si-mina-patrupezii-de-la-deminari">Între minge și mină: patrupezii de la deminări</a>, 23 aprilie 2012, Nicu Pârlog, <i>Descoperă</i></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mină_(armă)&oldid=16242628">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mină_(armă)&oldid=16242628</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Arme" title="Categorie:Arme">Arme</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Geniu" title="Categorie:Geniu">Geniu</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 10 mai 2024, ora 17:54.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. 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