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vzhled velikosti písma, šířky stránky a barvy" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vzhled" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vzhled</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cs.wikipedia.org&uselang=cs" class=""><span>Podpořte Wikipedii</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Vytvo%C5%99it_%C3%BA%C4%8Det&returnto=Kelvin" title="Doporučujeme vytvořit si účet a přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné" class=""><span>Vytvoření účtu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:P%C5%99ihl%C3%A1sit&returnto=Kelvin" title="Doporučujeme vám přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Přihlášení</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stránky pro odhlášené editory <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:%C3%9Avod" aria-label="Více informací o editování"><span>dozvědět se více</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_p%C5%99%C3%ADsp%C4%9Bvky" title="Seznam editací provedených z této IP adresy [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Příspěvky</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_diskuse" title="Diskuse o editacích provedených z této IP adresy [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Zavedení_pojmu_kelvin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zavedení_pojmu_kelvin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Zavedení pojmu kelvin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zavedení_pojmu_kelvin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Přepočet_na_jiné_stupnice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Přepočet_na_jiné_stupnice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Přepočet na jiné stupnice</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Přepočet_na_jiné_stupnice-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Přepočet na jiné stupnice</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Přepočet_na_jiné_stupnice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Celsiova_stupnice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celsiova_stupnice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Celsiova stupnice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Celsiova_stupnice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rankinova_stupnice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rankinova_stupnice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Rankinova stupnice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rankinova_stupnice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fahrenheitova_stupnice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fahrenheitova_stupnice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Fahrenheitova stupnice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fahrenheitova_stupnice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Réaumurova_stupnice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Réaumurova_stupnice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Réaumurova stupnice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Réaumurova_stupnice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teplota_a_energie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teplota_a_energie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Teplota a energie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teplota_a_energie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barevná_teplota_světla" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barevná_teplota_světla"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Barevná teplota světla</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barevná_teplota_světla-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zajímavosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zajímavosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Zajímavosti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zajímavosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Počítačový_zápis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Počítačový_zápis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Počítačový zápis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Počítačový_zápis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poznámky" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poznámky"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Poznámky</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poznámky-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kelvin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 126 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-126" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">126 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – afrikánština" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – němčina (Švýcarsko)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="němčina (Švýcarsko)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – aragonština" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86" title="كلفن – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كلفن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%86" title="كيلڤين – arabština (marocká)" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كيلڤين" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabština (marocká)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86" title="كيلفين – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كيلفين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کلوین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کلوین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – balijština" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelv%C4%97ns" title="Kelvėns – žemaitština" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kelvėns" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="žemaitština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_(%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F)" title="Кельвін (адзінка вымярэння) – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кельвін (адзінка вымярэння)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Кельвін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кельвін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Келвин – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Келвин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="কেলভিন – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কেলভিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8D" title="ཁེལ། – tibetština" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁེལ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – bretonština" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – bosenština" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кельвин – čečenština" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кельвин" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8E%D9%84%DA%A4%D9%86" title="کێلڤن – kurdština (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کێلڤن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdština (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%94%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8A" title="Кєлвинъ – staroslověnština" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Кєлвинъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="staroslověnština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кельвин – čuvaština" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кельвин" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – velština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Κλίμακα Κέλβιν – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κλίμακα Κέλβιν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvino" title="Kelvino – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kelvino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin_(unitatea)" title="Kelvin (unitatea) – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kelvin (unitatea)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کلوین – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلوین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="doporučený článek"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvinstigin" title="Kelvinstigin – faerština" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kelvinstigin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faerština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin_(ianhaid)" title="Kelvin (ianhaid) – fríština (severní)" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kelvin (ianhaid)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="fríština (severní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – furlanština" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="furlanština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin_(ienheid)" title="Kelvin (ienheid) – fríština (západní)" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kelvin (ienheid)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="fríština (západní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceilvin" title="Ceilvin – irština" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ceilvin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8" title="કેલ્વિન – gudžarátština" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કેલ્વિન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarátština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F" title="קלווין – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קלווין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="केल्विन – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="केल्विन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – hindština (Fidži)" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindština (Fidži)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelven" title="Kelven – haitština" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kelven" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B6_(%D5%B9%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80)" title="Կելվին (չափման միավոր) – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կելվին (չափման միավոր)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – islandština" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3" title="ケルビン – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ケルビン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/kelvo" title="kelvo – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="kelvo" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კელვინი – gruzínština" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კელვინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelven" title="Kelven – kabylština" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Kelven" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кельвин – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кельвин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕೆಲ್ವಿನ್ – kannadština" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೆಲ್ವಿನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BC%88%EB%B9%88" title="켈빈 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="켈빈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кельвин – karačajevo-balkarština" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Кельвин" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karačajevo-balkarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – kurdština" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – kornština" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_(%D0%9A)" title="Кельвин (К) – kyrgyzština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кельвин (К)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kyrgyzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvinus_(unitas)" title="Kelvinus (unitas) – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Kelvinus (unitas)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – lucemburština" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lucemburština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabwoki_(Keruvin)" title="Nabwoki (Keruvin) – gandština" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Nabwoki (Keruvin)" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="gandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin_(einheid)" title="Kelvin (einheid) – limburština" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kelvin (einheid)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – lombardština" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – lingalština" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvinas" title="Kelvinas – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kelvinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvins" title="Kelvins – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kelvins" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Келвин – makedonština" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Келвин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="കെൽവിൻ – malajálamština" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കെൽവിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кельвин – mongolština" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кельвин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="केल्विन – maráthština" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="केल्विन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – mirandština" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%97%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ကယ်လ်ဗင် – barmština" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကယ်လ်ဗင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="barmština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – dolnoněmčina" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolnoněmčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="केल्भिन – nepálština" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="केल्भिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin_(eenheid)" title="Kelvin (eenheid) – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kelvin (eenheid)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – norština (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norština (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – okcitánština" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕੈਲਵਿਨ – paňdžábština" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੈਲਵਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="paňdžábština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelwin" title="Kelwin – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kelwin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – piemonština" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86" title="کیلون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیلون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кельвин – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кельвин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Келвин – rusínština" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Келвин" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – sardština" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradu_Kelvin" title="Gradu Kelvin – sicilština" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gradu Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – skotština" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akilvin" title="Akilvin – tašelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Akilvin" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tašelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="කෙල්වින් – sinhálština" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කෙල්වින්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelfin" title="Kelfin – somálština" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kelfin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvini" title="Kelvini – albánština" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kelvini" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Келвин – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Келвин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvini" title="Kelvini – svahilština" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kelvini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelwin" title="Kelwin – slezština" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kelwin" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="slezština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="கெல்வின் – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கெல்வின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="కెల్విన్ – telugština" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కెల్విన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="เคลวิน – thajština" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เคลวิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelwin" title="Kelwin – turkmenština" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kelwin" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Кельвін – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кельвін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86" title="کیلون – urdština" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیلون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin_(o%CA%BBlchov_birligi)" title="Kelvin (oʻlchov birligi) – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kelvin (oʻlchov birligi)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – benátština" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="benátština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin_(%C3%AAenheid)" title="Kelvin (êenheid) – vlámština (západní)" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Kelvin (êenheid)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vlámština (západní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – warajština" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="开尔文 – čínština (dialekty Wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="开尔文" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="开尔文 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="开尔文" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" title="開爾文 – čínština (klasická)" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="開爾文" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="čínština (klasická)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kelvin" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%B0%8F" title="開氏 – kantonština" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="開氏" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11579#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Zobrazit obsahovou stránku [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Článek</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskuse:Kelvin" rel="discussion" title="Diskuse ke stránce [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" 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class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kelvin"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&action=history" title="Starší verze této stránky. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Nástroje" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><div class="uvodni-upozorneni hatnote noprint">Tento článek je o jednotce teploty. Další významy jsou uvedeny na stránce <a href="/wiki/Kelvin_(rozcestn%C3%ADk)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kelvin (rozcestník)">Kelvin (rozcestník)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:CelsiusKelvinThermometer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/CelsiusKelvinThermometer.jpg/220px-CelsiusKelvinThermometer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="383" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/CelsiusKelvinThermometer.jpg/330px-CelsiusKelvinThermometer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/CelsiusKelvinThermometer.jpg/440px-CelsiusKelvinThermometer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2717" data-file-height="4729" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Teplom%C4%9Br" title="Teploměr">Teploměr</a> se <a href="/wiki/Stupnice_(za%C5%99%C3%ADzen%C3%AD)" title="Stupnice (zařízení)">stupnicí</a> ve stupních Celsia a kelvinech</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kelvin</b> [K] je <a href="/wiki/Fyzik%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_jednotka" title="Fyzikální jednotka">jednotkou</a> <a href="/wiki/Termodynamick%C3%A1_teplota" title="Termodynamická teplota">termodynamické teploty</a> a také vhodnou<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> jednotkou teplotního rozdílu, stejně velkou, jako je <a href="/wiki/Stupe%C5%88_Celsia" title="Stupeň Celsia">stupeň Celsia</a>. Kelvin je jednou ze sedmi <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A1kladn%C3%AD_jednotka_SI" class="mw-redirect" title="Základní jednotka SI">základních jednotek soustavy SI</a> a může mít též <a href="/wiki/P%C5%99edpona_soustavy_SI" title="Předpona soustavy SI">předponu</a>, například <i>mili</i> v jednotce milikelvin (mK). Ačkoli rozdíl teplot měřený ve stupních Celsia a v kelvinech je stejný, Celsiova stupnice má jiný počátek: 0 °C odpovídá 273,15 K, zatímco 0 K je <a href="/wiki/Absolutn%C3%AD_nula" title="Absolutní nula">absolutní nula</a>. Na rozdíl od stupně Celsia se pak kelvin užívá i v <a href="/wiki/Odvozen%C3%A1_jednotka_SI" title="Odvozená jednotka SI">jednotkách odvozených</a>, například v jednotce <a href="/wiki/Tepeln%C3%A1_vodivost" title="Tepelná vodivost">tepelné vodivosti</a>, kterou je <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watt</a> na <a href="/wiki/Metr" title="Metr">metr</a> a kelvin, W/(m·K).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jednotka je pojmenovaná po skotském matematikovi a fyzikovi <a href="/wiki/William_Thomson" title="William Thomson">Williamu Thomsonovi</a>, který navrhl měření teplot od absolutní nuly a za své výrazné vědecké úspěchy byl povýšen do šlechtického stavu pod jménem lord Kelvin z Largsu. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zavedení_pojmu_kelvin"><span id="Zaveden.C3.AD_pojmu_kelvin"></span>Zavedení pojmu kelvin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Zavedení pojmu kelvin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Zavedení pojmu kelvin"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kelvin je jednou ze sedmi základních jednotek <a href="/wiki/Soustava_SI" title="Soustava SI">soustavy SI</a>. Dlouhou dobu byl definován dvěma hodnotami: </p> <ul><li>0 K je teplota <a href="/wiki/Absolutn%C3%AD_nula" title="Absolutní nula">absolutní nuly</a>, tedy naprosto nejnižší teplota, která je fyzikálně definována,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>pozn 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>273,16 K je teplota <a href="/wiki/Trojn%C3%BD_bod" title="Trojný bod">trojného bodu</a> vody (teplota 0,01 °C, tlak 613 Pa)</li></ul> <p>V rámci změny definic základních fyzikálních jednotek<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> byla přijata 20. května 2019 i nová definice kelvinu (fixací <a href="/wiki/Boltzmannova_konstanta" title="Boltzmannova konstanta">Boltzmannovy konstanty</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k_{\mathrm {B} }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k_{\mathrm {B} }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c9b90d21a1c8fb907fddab1caded3b7f1eeffe3d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.607ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k_{\mathrm {B} }}"></span> a převodem teploty na energii: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k_{\mathrm {B} }T=E}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mi>T</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>E</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k_{\mathrm {B} }T=E}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4bc038883782078c0f5ecf87d4c90b01fb3cfb7e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.117ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k_{\mathrm {B} }T=E}"></span>). </p><p>Rozdíl teplot jeden stupeň v <a href="/wiki/Stupe%C5%88_Celsia" title="Stupeň Celsia">Celsiově</a> stupnici a jeden kelvin je stejný, 1 K ≅ 1 °C. Celsiova stupnice však má jiný počátek: 0 °C odpovídá 273,15 K. </p><p>Měření teplot od absolutní nuly navrhl skotský matematik a fyzik <a href="/wiki/William_Thomson" title="William Thomson">William Thomson</a>, který byl za své výrazné vědecké úspěchy povýšen do šlechtického stavu pod jménem <a href="/wiki/William_Thomson" title="William Thomson">lord Kelvin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Přepočet_na_jiné_stupnice"><span id="P.C5.99epo.C4.8Det_na_jin.C3.A9_stupnice"></span>Přepočet na jiné stupnice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Přepočet na jiné stupnice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Přepočet na jiné stupnice"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Celsiova_stupnice">Celsiova stupnice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Celsiova stupnice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Celsiova stupnice"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V <a href="/wiki/Stupe%C5%88_Celsia" title="Stupeň Celsia">Celsiově stupnici</a> je jednotkou Celsiův stupeň<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, který představuje stejný rozdíl teplot jako kelvin: 1 °C = 1 K. Celsiova stupnice má ale posunutý počátek: 0 °C odpovídá 273,15 K, takže </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K/\mathrm {K} =C/^{\circ }\mathrm {C} +273{,}15\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>K</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>C</mi> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>273</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> <mn>15</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K/\mathrm {K} =C/^{\circ }\mathrm {C} +273{,}15\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5ef85156abc6b69bbb71ef142bfd56dae57d6afa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:23.483ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K/\mathrm {K} =C/^{\circ }\mathrm {C} +273{,}15\,}"></span> ,</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C/\mathrm {^{\circ }C} =K/\mathrm {K} -273{,}15\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>273</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> <mn>15</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C/\mathrm {^{\circ }C} =K/\mathrm {K} -273{,}15\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f3364fb0045b7ca5c28a58a6a52408a7385d2328" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:23.483ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C/\mathrm {^{\circ }C} =K/\mathrm {K} -273{,}15\,}"></span> ,</dd></dl> <p>kde <i>C</i> je teplota ve stupních Celsia, <i>K</i> je teplota v kelvinech. </p><p>Z toho vyplývá pro hodnoty teploty: </p> <dl><dd>0 K = −273,15 °C</dd> <dd>0 °C = +273,15 K</dd> <dd>100 °C = +373,15 K</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rankinova_stupnice">Rankinova stupnice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Rankinova stupnice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Rankinova stupnice"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Stupe%C5%88_Rankina" title="Stupeň Rankina">Rankinova stupnice</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> je Fahrenheitova stupnice posunutá tak, aby vycházela z absolutní nuly. Stupeň Rankina je stejně velký jako stupeň Fahrenheita, takže 1 °R = 1 °F a platí </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R/^{\circ }\mathrm {R} ={\frac {9}{5}}K/\mathrm {K} \,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>9</mn> <mn>5</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>K</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R/^{\circ }\mathrm {R} ={\frac {9}{5}}K/\mathrm {K} \,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/40d85cfed5290ab4912857ef4562d31dfee9bfbf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:16.212ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R/^{\circ }\mathrm {R} ={\frac {9}{5}}K/\mathrm {K} \,}"></span> ,</dd></dl> <p>kde <i>R</i> je teplota ve stupních Rankina, <i>K</i> je teplota v kelvinech. </p><p>Z toho vyplývá pro hodnoty teploty: </p> <dl><dd>0 K = 0 °R</dd> <dd>273,15 K = 491,67 °R ( = 0 °C)</dd> <dd>373,15 K = 671,67 °R ( = 100 °C)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fahrenheitova_stupnice">Fahrenheitova stupnice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Fahrenheitova stupnice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Fahrenheitova stupnice"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Stupe%C5%88_Fahrenheita" title="Stupeň Fahrenheita">Stupeň Fahrenheita</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> je stejně velký jako stupeň Rankina, 1 °F = 1 °R, ale Fahrenheitova stupnice má posunutý začátek: 32 °F odpovídá 273,15 K, takže </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [^{\circ }\mathrm {F} ]=[\mathrm {K} ]\times {\frac {9}{5}}-459,67}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>9</mn> <mn>5</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>459</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>67</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [^{\circ }\mathrm {F} ]=[\mathrm {K} ]\times {\frac {9}{5}}-459,67}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/38c9dfa0f4230ce2ed8aa8a059fcc7f57b88f5dc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:24.592ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [^{\circ }\mathrm {F} ]=[\mathrm {K} ]\times {\frac {9}{5}}-459,67}"></span></dd></dl> <p>kde <i>°F</i> je teplota ve stupních Fahrenheita, <i>K</i> je teplota v kelvinech. </p><p>Z toho vyplývá pro hodnoty teploty: </p> <dl><dd>0 K = −459,67 °F</dd> <dd>255,37 K = 0 °F</dd> <dd>273,15 K = 32 °F ( = 0 °C)</dd> <dd>373,15 K = 212 °F ( = 100 °C)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Réaumurova_stupnice"><span id="R.C3.A9aumurova_stupnice"></span>Réaumurova stupnice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Réaumurova stupnice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Réaumurova stupnice"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Stupe%C5%88_R%C3%A9aumura" title="Stupeň Réaumura">Réaumurova stupnice</a> má stejný počátek jako Celsiova, ale jiný rozdíl teplot: 100 °C = 80 °Re, takže </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Re/^{\circ }\mathrm {Re} =0{,}8\ K/\mathrm {K} -218{,}52\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mi>e</mi> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> <mn>8</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>K</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>218</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> <mn>52</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Re/^{\circ }\mathrm {Re} =0{,}8\ K/\mathrm {K} -218{,}52\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/af0df0eab9bb800bc0ed17253f830bd0cb4a453a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:29.181ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Re/^{\circ }\mathrm {Re} =0{,}8\ K/\mathrm {K} -218{,}52\,}"></span> ,</dd></dl> <p>kde <i>Re</i> je teplota ve stupních Réaumura, <i>K</i> je teplota v kelvinech. </p><p>Z toho vyplývá pro hodnoty teploty: </p> <dl><dd>0 K = −218,52 °Re</dd> <dd>273,15 K = 0 °Re ( = 0 °C)</dd> <dd>373,15 K = 80 °Re ( = 100 °C)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teplota_a_energie">Teplota a energie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editace sekce: Teplota a energie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Teplota a energie"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Molekulová a statistická fyzika dokazují, že střední kinetická energie <i>E</i><sub>k</sub> částic tvořících soustavu má v klasické aproximaci (ekvipartiční teorém) vlastnost teploty, tj. aby dvě soustavy 1, 2 byly navzájem v rovnováze, musejí mít částice, které je tvoří, stejné střední kinetické energie: <i>E</i><sub>k1</sub> = <i>E</i><sub>k2</sub>. To umožňuje měřit teplotu pomocí energie: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E=kT}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E=kT}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/09667f34721ad8827389549ca4cada03b58dec71" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.722ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E=kT}"></span> ,</dd></dl> <p>kde konstantou <i>k</i> úměrnosti je <a href="/wiki/Boltzmannova_konstanta" title="Boltzmannova konstanta">Boltzmannova konstanta</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. V soustavě SI (v jednotkách J pro energii a K pro teplotu) má nyní hodnotu přesně (definitoricky) </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k=1{,}380\,649\times 10^{-23}\mathrm {J/K} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1,380</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>649</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k=1{,}380\,649\times 10^{-23}\mathrm {J/K} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6a4f3f13a677b9633973513f81c0488ed52696a6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:25.966ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k=1{,}380\,649\times 10^{-23}\mathrm {J/K} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>V jaderné fyzice se energie často měří elektronvolty, eV; k přepočtu se použije táž rovnice <i>E = k T</i>, jen Boltzmannova konstanta bude vyjádřena v eV/K. Platí tyto ekvivalence (zaokrouhleno): </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1\;\mathrm {K} \ {\hat {=}}\ 8{,}617\cdot 10^{-5}\;\mathrm {eV} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>8,617</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1\;\mathrm {K} \ {\hat {=}}\ 8{,}617\cdot 10^{-5}\;\mathrm {eV} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/edfa59dafe43373fa072dcfbacbea2dcfc1bf65d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:21.639ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1\;\mathrm {K} \ {\hat {=}}\ 8{,}617\cdot 10^{-5}\;\mathrm {eV} }"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1\;\mathrm {eV} \ {\hat {=}}\ 1{,}160\cdot 10^{4}\;\mathrm {K} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>1,160</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1\;\mathrm {eV} \ {\hat {=}}\ 1{,}160\cdot 10^{4}\;\mathrm {K} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e1614d6e667a3d3a3e55670279b76ea5d2a5059a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:20.361ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1\;\mathrm {eV} \ {\hat {=}}\ 1{,}160\cdot 10^{4}\;\mathrm {K} }"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1\;\mathrm {K} \ {\hat {=}}\ 1{,}381\cdot 10^{-23}\;\mathrm {J} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>1,381</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1\;\mathrm {K} \ {\hat {=}}\ 1{,}381\cdot 10^{-23}\;\mathrm {J} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/23c0c2e436726d8e453f0b4422d83f82e2b8c937" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:20.881ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1\;\mathrm {K} \ {\hat {=}}\ 1{,}381\cdot 10^{-23}\;\mathrm {J} }"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1\;\mathrm {J} \ {\hat {=}}\ 7{,}243\cdot 10^{22}\;\mathrm {K} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>7,243</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>22</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1\;\mathrm {J} \ {\hat {=}}\ 7{,}243\cdot 10^{22}\;\mathrm {K} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2b79b7ecc1cf34918dd8adb6fdf0da16ce3c210f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:19.602ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1\;\mathrm {J} \ {\hat {=}}\ 7{,}243\cdot 10^{22}\;\mathrm {K} }"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Barevná_teplota_světla"><span id="Barevn.C3.A1_teplota_sv.C4.9Btla"></span>Barevná teplota světla</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editace sekce: Barevná teplota světla" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Barevná teplota světla"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V kelvinech se rovněž udává <a href="/wiki/Barevn%C3%A1_teplota" title="Barevná teplota">barevná teplota</a> světla (přesněji: teplota záře<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), zejména umělých světelných zdrojů – žárovek, zářivek a podobně. To je významné zejména pro snímání a záznam světla pro fotografie a film či video. Vnímaná barva světla černého tělesa rozežhaveného na danou teplotu <i>T</i> je určena jednak spektrální září<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>L(λ, T)</i> podle <a href="/wiki/Planck%C5%AFv_vyza%C5%99ovac%C3%AD_z%C3%A1kon" title="Planckův vyzařovací zákon">Planckova zákona</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, jednak poměrnou spektrální světelnou účinností<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> standardního fotometrického pozorovatele<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zajímavosti"><span id="Zaj.C3.ADmavosti"></span>Zajímavosti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editace sekce: Zajímavosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&action=edit&section=9" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Zajímavosti"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Teplota 0 °C („bod mrazu“) je teplota, kdy je v rovnováze led, kapalná voda a vzduch nasycený vodní parou. Není to tedy přesně teplota <a href="/wiki/Trojn%C3%BD_bod" title="Trojný bod">trojného bodu</a>, kdy je v rovnováze led, voda a pára (beze vzduchu). Teplota trojného bodu je 0,01 °C. </p><p>Do roku <a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a> se používal termín „stupeň Kelvina“ a značka °K. Roku 1967 však tuto značku zrušila <a href="/wiki/Gener%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_konference_pro_m%C3%ADry_a_v%C3%A1hy" title="Generální konference pro míry a váhy">Generální konference pro míry a váhy</a>. Termín „stupeň“ jako část názvu jednotky nadále užívá jen pro stupnice původem empirické (např. stupnice tvrdosti nebo dřívější stupnice teploty). </p><p>Réaumur zavedl svou stupnici na základě lihového teploměru maje za to, že líh se roztahuje s teplotou rovnoměrně. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Počítačový_zápis"><span id="Po.C4.8D.C3.ADta.C4.8Dov.C3.BD_z.C3.A1pis"></span>Počítačový zápis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editace sekce: Počítačový zápis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&action=edit&section=10" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Počítačový zápis"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox bordered" style="text-align:center"><tbody><tr><th>Znak</th><th colspan="2" class="" style="font-size:300%">K</th></tr><tr><th>Název <div style="white-space: nowrap">v Unicodu</div></th><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-transform:uppercase;font-size:smaller">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K</td></tr><tr><th>Kódování</th><th>dec</th><th>hex</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td>75</td><td>U+004b</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></th><td>75</td><td>4b</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/HTML_entita" title="HTML entita">Číselná entita</a></th><td>&#75;</td><td>&#x004b;</td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox bordered" style="text-align:center"><tbody><tr><th>Znak</th><th colspan="2" class="" style="font-size:300%">K</th></tr><tr><th>Název <div style="white-space: nowrap">v Unicodu</div></th><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-transform:uppercase;font-size:smaller">Kelvin sign</td></tr><tr><th>Kódování</th><th>dec</th><th>hex</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td>8490</td><td>U+212a</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></th><td>226 132 170</td><td>e2 84 aa</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/HTML_entita" title="HTML entita">Číselná entita</a></th><td>&#8490;</td><td>&#x212a;</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Značka kelvinu se obvykle zapisuje prostým <a href="/wiki/Velk%C3%A9_p%C3%ADsmeno" class="mw-redirect" title="Velké písmeno">velkým písmenem</a> <a href="/wiki/Latinka" title="Latinka">latinky</a> „<a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a>“, ačkoli v <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> existuje i dedikovaný znak kelvinu. </p> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poznámky"><span id="Pozn.C3.A1mky"></span>Poznámky</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editace sekce: Poznámky" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&action=edit&section=11" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Poznámky"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Teplota#Zavedení_teploty_ve_statistické_fyzice" title="Teplota">Záporné termodynamické teploty</a> (např. spinových systémů) nejsou nižší než absolutní nula, ale naopak vyšší než nekonečná teplota ve statistickém pojetí.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&action=edit&section=12" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">LUDWIG, Howard. <i>Why do engineers sometimes change unit from degrees Celsius to Kelvin when expressing a temperature difference? - Quora</i> [online]. 2017-01-23 [cit. 2018-03-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.quora.com/Why-do-engineers-sometimes-change-unit-from-degrees-Celsius-to-Kelvin-when-expressing-a-temperature-difference">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Why+do+engineers+sometimes+change+unit+from+degrees+Celsius+to+Kelvin+when+expressing+a+temperature+difference%3F+-+Quora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.quora.com%2FWhy-do-engineers-sometimes-change-unit-from-degrees-Celsius-to-Kelvin-when-expressing-a-temperature-difference&rft.aulast=Ludwig&rft.aufirst=Howard"><span style="display:none"> </span></span><span title="Chyba v použití šablony!" class="error" style="font-weight:bold;display:none;">Je zde použita šablona <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablona:Cite_web" title="Šablona:Cite web">Cite web</a>}}</code> označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>Essentials of the SI: Base & derived units</i> [online]. [cit. 2018-03-09]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/units.html">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Essentials+of+the+SI%3A+Base+%26+derived+units&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphysics.nist.gov%2Fcuu%2FUnits%2Funits.html"><span style="display:none"> </span></span><span title="Chyba v použití šablony!" class="error" style="font-weight:bold;display:none;">Je zde použita šablona <code>{{<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablona:Cite_web" title="Šablona:Cite web">Cite web</a>}}</code> označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jan Obdržálek: Základní fyzikální jednotky po roce 2011. Metrologie, 2010, 2, p.1-4, ISSN 1210-3543</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ISO 80000-5:2007, item 5-2a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ISO 80000-5:2007, item 5-1.A.a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ISO 80000-5:2007, item 5-2.A.a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ISO 80000-9:2007, item 9-43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ČSN IEC 50(845):1996, Mezinárodní elektrotechnický slovník IEV, kap. 845 (Osvětlení), pol. 845-04-13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ČSN IEC 50(845):1996, Mezinárodní elektrotechnický slovník IEV, kap. 845 (Osvětlení), pol. 845-01-34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ČSN IEC 50(845):1996, Mezinárodní elektrotechnický slovník IEV, kap. 845 (Osvětlení), pol. 845-04-05</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ČSN IEC 50(845):1996, Mezinárodní elektrotechnický slovník IEV, kap. 845 (Osvětlení), pol. 845-01-22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ČSN IEC 50(845):1996, Mezinárodní elektrotechnický slovník IEV, kap. 845 (Osvětlení), pol. 845-01-23</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Editace sekce: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&action=edit&section=13" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Literatura"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">MILLS, Ian. <i>IUPAC. Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry</i>. Oxford, London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Carlton Victoria (USA): Blackwell Scientific publications, 1993. 167 s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/quantitiesunitss0000unse">Dostupné online</a>. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/0-632-03583-8" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/0-632-03583-8"><span class="ISBN">0-632-03583-8</span></a></span>. Kapitola 3; 7, s. 70; 113. (angl.)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=IUPAC.+Quantities%2C+Units+and+Symbols+in+Physical+Chemistry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fquantitiesunitss0000unse&rft.isbn=0-632-03583-8&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.atitle=3%3B+7&rft.place=Oxford%2C+London%2C+Edinburgh%2C+Cambridge%2C+Carlton+Victoria+%28USA%29&rft.pub=Blackwell+Scientific+publications&rft.date=1993&rft.tpages=167&rft.pages=70%3B+113"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">KVASNICA, Jozef. <i>Termodynamika</i>. Praha: SNTL/SVTL, 1965. 396 s. (čes.)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Termodynamika&rft.aulast=Kvasnica&rft.aufirst=Jozef&rft.place=Praha&rft.pub=SNTL%2FSVTL&rft.date=1965&rft.tpages=396"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">KVASNICA, Jozef. <i>Statistická fyzika</i>. 2. vyd. Praha: Academia, 1998. 314 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/80-200-0676-1" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/80-200-0676-1"><span class="ISBN">80-200-0676-1</span></a></span>. (čes.)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Statistick%C3%A1+fyzika&rft.isbn=80-200-0676-1&rft.aulast=Kvasnica&rft.aufirst=Jozef&rft.place=Praha&rft.pub=Academia&rft.date=1998&rft.edition=2&rft.tpages=314"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">SVOBODA, Emanuel; BAKULE, Roman. <i>Molekulová fyzika</i>. Praha: Academia, 1992. 276 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/80-200-0025-9" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/80-200-0025-9"><span class="ISBN">80-200-0025-9</span></a></span>. (čes.)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Molekulov%C3%A1+fyzika&rft.isbn=80-200-0025-9&rft.aulast=Svoboda&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft.au=Bakule%2C+Roman&rft.place=Praha&rft.pub=Academia&rft.date=1992&rft.tpages=276"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">OBDRŽÁLEK, Jan. <i>Úvod do termodynamiky, statistické fyziky a molekulové fyziky</i>. Praha: MatFyzPress, Nakladatelství MFF UK, 2015. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/978-80-7378-287-0" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/978-80-7378-287-0"><span class="ISBN">978-80-7378-287-0</span></a></span>. (čes.)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=%C3%9Avod+do+termodynamiky%2C+statistick%C3%A9+fyziky+a+molekulov%C3%A9+fyziky&rft.isbn=978-80-7378-287-0&rft.aulast=Obdr%C5%BE%C3%A1lek&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.place=Praha&rft.pub=MatFyzPress%2C+Nakladatelstv%C3%AD+MFF+UK&rft.date=2015"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">OBDRŽÁLEK, Jan. <i>Řešené příklady z termodynamiky, statistické fyziky a molekulové fyziky</i>. Praha: MatFyzPress, Nakladatelství MFF UK, 2015. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/978-80-7378-300-6" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/978-80-7378-300-6"><span class="ISBN">978-80-7378-300-6</span></a></span>. (čes.)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=%C5%98e%C5%A1en%C3%A9+p%C5%99%C3%ADklady+z+termodynamiky%2C+statistick%C3%A9+fyziky+a+molekulov%C3%A9+fyziky&rft.isbn=978-80-7378-300-6&rft.aulast=Obdr%C5%BE%C3%A1lek&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.place=Praha&rft.pub=MatFyzPress%2C+Nakladatelstv%C3%AD+MFF+UK&rft.date=2015"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></li> <li>ISO 80000-5:2007, Quantities and units - Part 5: Thermodynamics</li> <li>ISO 80000-5:2009, Quantities and units - Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics</li> <li>ČSN EN ISO 80000-5:2011, Veličiny a jednotky - Část 5: Termodynamika</li> <li>ČSN EN ISO 80000-9:2011, Veličiny a jednotky - Část 9: Fyzikální chemie a molekulová fyzika</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelvin&action=edit&section=14" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kelvin_temperature" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Kelvin temperature">kelvin</a></span> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></span></span><i> </i></li> <li><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-wiktionary"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-cs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="411" /></span></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text"><span class="sisterproject_text_prefix">Slovníkové heslo </span><span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://cs.wiktionary.org/wiki/kelvin" class="extiw" title="wikt:kelvin">kelvin</a></span><span class="sisterproject_text_suffix"> ve Wikislovníku</span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox noprint" title="SI jednotky"><table title="" class="navbox-navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks noprint" cellspacing="0" data-collapsetext="skrýt" data-expandtext="zobrazit"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r17064757">.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal}</style><tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="3"> <span class="navbox-titletext"><a href="/wiki/Soustava_SI" title="Soustava SI">Soustava SI</a></span> </th> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Soustava_SI#Základní_jednotky" title="Soustava SI">základní jednotky</a></td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amp%C3%A9r" title="Ampér">ampér</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandela" title="Kandela">kandela</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">kelvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kilogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metr" title="Metr">metr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mol_(jednotka)" title="Mol (jednotka)">mol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekunda" title="Sekunda">sekunda</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td rowspan="5" class="navbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:SI_base_unit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SI_base_unit.svg/75px-SI_base_unit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SI_base_unit.svg/113px-SI_base_unit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SI_base_unit.svg/150px-SI_base_unit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Odvozen%C3%A1_jednotka_SI" title="Odvozená jednotka SI">odvozené jednotky</a></td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist"> <div> <li><a href="/wiki/Becquerel" title="Becquerel">becquerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">coulomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farad" title="Farad">farad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray" title="Gray">gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry" title="Henry">henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">hertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">joule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katal" title="Katal">katal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumen" title="Lumen">lumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lux_(jednotka)" title="Lux (jednotka)">lux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton" title="Newton">newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohm" title="Ohm">ohm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(jednotka)" title="Pascal (jednotka)">pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radi%C3%A1n" title="Radián">radián</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_(jednotka)" title="Siemens (jednotka)">siemens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sievert" title="Sievert">sievert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steradi%C3%A1n" title="Steradián">steradián</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stupe%C5%88_Celsia" title="Stupeň Celsia">stupeň Celsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_(jednotka)" title="Tesla (jednotka)">tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weber_(jednotka)" title="Weber (jednotka)">weber</a></li></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">další</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"> <div> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C5%99edpona_soustavy_SI" title="Předpona soustavy SI">předpony soustavy SI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syst%C3%A9my_m%C4%9B%C5%99en%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systémy měření (stránka neexistuje)">systémy měření</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C5%99evody_jednotek" class="mw-redirect" title="Převody jednotek">převody jednotek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nov%C3%A9_definice_SI" title="Nové definice SI">nové definice SI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezin%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_%C3%BA%C5%99ad_pro_m%C3%ADry_a_v%C3%A1hy" title="Mezinárodní úřad pro míry a váhy">Mezinárodní úřad pro míry a váhy</a></li></div> </td> </tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="navbox noprint" title="Fyzikální jednotky pojmenované po vědcích"><table title="" class="navbox-navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks noprint" cellspacing="0" data-collapsetext="skrýt" data-expandtext="zobrazit"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17064757"><tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <span class="navbox-titletext">Fyzikální jednotky pojmenované po vědcích</span> </th> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Základní jednotky <a href="/wiki/Soustava_SI" title="Soustava SI">SI</a></td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div> <div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Marie_Amp%C3%A8re" title="André-Marie Ampère">André-Marie Ampère</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amp%C3%A9r" title="Ampér">ampér</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Thomson" title="William Thomson">William Thomson</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">kelvin</a>)</span> </p> </div></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Odvozen%C3%A1_jednotka_SI" title="Odvozená jednotka SI">Odvozené jednotky SI</a></td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div> <div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Henri Becquerel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Becquerel" title="Becquerel">becquerel</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anders_Celsius" title="Anders Celsius">Anders Celsius</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stupe%C5%88_Celsia" title="Stupeň Celsia">stupeň Celsia</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb" title="Charles-Augustin de Coulomb">Charles-Augustin de Coulomb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">coulomb</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> (<a href="/wiki/Farad" title="Farad">farad</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Harold_Gray" title="Louis Harold Gray">Louis Harold Gray</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gray" title="Gray">gray</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry" title="Joseph Henry">Joseph Henry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Henry" title="Henry">henry</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz" title="Heinrich Hertz">Heinrich Hertz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">hertz</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Prescott_Joule" title="James Prescott Joule">James Prescott Joule</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">joule</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Newton" title="Newton">newton</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm">Georg Simon Ohm</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ohm" title="Ohm">ohm</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pascal_(jednotka)" title="Pascal (jednotka)">pascal</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Werner_von_Siemens" title="Werner von Siemens">Werner von Siemens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Siemens_(jednotka)" title="Siemens (jednotka)">siemens</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Sievert" title="Rolf Sievert">Rolf Sievert</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sievert" title="Sievert">sievert</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tesla_(jednotka)" title="Tesla (jednotka)">tesla</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Alessandro Volta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt">James Watt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watt</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber" title="Wilhelm Eduard Weber">Wilhelm Eduard Weber</a> (<a href="/wiki/Weber_(jednotka)" title="Weber (jednotka)">weber</a>)</span> </p> </div></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Jednotky soustavy <a href="/wiki/Soustava_CGS" title="Soustava CGS">CGS</a></td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div> <div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anders_Jonas_%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Anders Jonas Ångström">Anders Jonas Ångström</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" title="Ångström">ångström</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a> (<a href="/wiki/Debye" title="Debye">debye</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lor%C3%A1nd_E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s" title="Loránd Eötvös">Loránd Eötvös</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s_(jednotka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eötvös (jednotka) (stránka neexistuje)">eötvös</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gal_(jednotka)" title="Gal (jednotka)">gal</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss">Carl Friedrich Gauss</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gauss_(jednotka)" title="Gauss (jednotka)">gauss</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Gilbert" title="William Gilbert">William Gilbert</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilbert_(jednotka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilbert (jednotka) (stránka neexistuje)">gilbert</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Kayser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Kayser (stránka neexistuje)">Heinrich Kayser</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayser_(jednotka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kayser (jednotka) (stránka neexistuje)">kayser</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Lambert" title="Johann Heinrich Lambert">Johann Heinrich Lambert</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lambert_(jednotka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lambert (jednotka) (stránka neexistuje)">lambert</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pierpont_Langley" title="Samuel Pierpont Langley">Samuel Pierpont Langley</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Langley_(jednotka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langley (jednotka) (stránka neexistuje)">langley</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxwell_(jednotka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maxwell (jednotka) (stránka neexistuje)">maxwell</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_%C3%98rsted" title="Hans Christian Ørsted">Hans Christian Ørsted</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oersted" title="Oersted">oersted</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Louise_Marie_Poiseuille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Louise Marie Poiseuille (stránka neexistuje)">Jean-Louise Marie Poiseuille</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poise (stránka neexistuje)">poise</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Gabriel_Stokes" title="George Gabriel Stokes">George Gabriel Stokes</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stokes_(jednotka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stokes (jednotka) (stránka neexistuje)">stokes</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3._baron_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt, 3. baron Rayleigh">John William Strutt, 3. baron Rayleigh</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rayl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rayl (stránka neexistuje)">rayl</a>)</span> </p> </div></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Imperi%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_jednotka" title="Imperiální jednotka">Imperiální jednotky</a> a <a href="/wiki/Americk%C3%A1_b%C4%9B%C5%BEn%C3%A1_jednotka" title="Americká běžná jednotka">americké běžné jednotky</a></td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div> <div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Fahrenheit" title="Gabriel Fahrenheit">Gabriel Fahrenheit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stupe%C5%88_Fahrenheita" title="Stupeň Fahrenheita">stupeň Fahrenheita</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Lambert" title="Johann Heinrich Lambert">Johann Heinrich Lambert</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foot_lambert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foot lambert (stránka neexistuje)">foot lambert</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine">William John Macquorn Rankine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stupe%C5%88_Rankina" title="Stupeň Rankina">stupeň Rankina</a>)</span> </p> </div></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Další jednotky</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div> <div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a> (<a href="/wiki/Decibel" title="Decibel">bel</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowsk%C3%A1" title="Marie Curie-Skłodowská">Marie Curie-Skłodowská</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre Curie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Curie" title="Curie">curie</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Dalton" title="John Dalton">John Dalton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dalton_(jednotka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalton (jednotka)">dalton</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Faraday_(jednotka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faraday (jednotka) (stránka neexistuje)">faraday</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Mache&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Mache (stránka neexistuje)">Heinrich Mache</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macheova_jednotka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macheova jednotka (stránka neexistuje)">macheova jednotka</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Napier" title="John Napier">John Napier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neper" title="Neper">neper</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Antoine_Ferchault_de_R%C3%A9aumur" title="René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur">René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stupe%C5%88_R%C3%A9aumura" title="Stupeň Réaumura">stupeň Réaumura</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen">Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rentgen_(jednotka)" title="Rentgen (jednotka)">rentgen</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomson_(jednotka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomson (jednotka) (stránka neexistuje)">thomson</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli">Evangelista Torricelli</a> (<a href="/wiki/Torr" title="Torr">torr</a>)</span> </p> </div></div> </td> </tr></tbody></table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23078045">.mw-parser-output .navbox2{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .navbox2{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2+.navbox2{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-inner,.mw-parser-output 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