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Luc Urbain du Bouëxic, comte de Guichen - Wikipedia
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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Luc Urbain du Bouëxic, comte de Guichen</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Luc_Urbain_du_Bou%C3%ABxic_de_Guichen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Luc_Urbain_du_Bou%C3%ABxic_de_Guichen.jpg/220px-Luc_Urbain_du_Bou%C3%ABxic_de_Guichen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Luc_Urbain_du_Bou%C3%ABxic_de_Guichen.jpg/330px-Luc_Urbain_du_Bou%C3%ABxic_de_Guichen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Luc_Urbain_du_Bou%C3%ABxic_de_Guichen.jpg/440px-Luc_Urbain_du_Bou%C3%ABxic_de_Guichen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="833" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Luc Urbain du Bouexic, comte de Guichen (1712–1790); posthumous portrait by <a href="/wiki/Paulin_Gu%C3%A9rin" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulin Guérin">Paulin Guérin</a>, 1832.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">21 June 1712<br /><a href="/wiki/Foug%C3%A8res" title="Fougères">Fougères</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">13 January 1790<span style="display:none">(1790-01-13)</span> (aged 77)<br /><a href="/wiki/Morlaix" title="Morlaix">Morlaix</a>, Kingdom of France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1730–1783</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_des_arm%C3%A9es_navales" title="Lieutenant général des armées navales">Lieutenant général des armées navales</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Austrian_Succession" title="War of the Austrian Succession">War of the Austrian Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ushant_(1778)" title="Battle of Ushant (1778)">Battle of Ushant (1778)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Martinique_(1780)" title="Battle of Martinique (1780)">Battle of Martinique (1780)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ushant_(1781)" title="Battle of Ushant (1781)">Battle of Ushant (1781)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ordre_Royal_et_Militaire_de_Saint-Louis_Chevalier_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ordre_Royal_et_Militaire_de_Saint-Louis_Chevalier_ribbon.svg/25px-Ordre_Royal_et_Militaire_de_Saint-Louis_Chevalier_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ordre_Royal_et_Militaire_de_Saint-Louis_Chevalier_ribbon.svg/38px-Ordre_Royal_et_Militaire_de_Saint-Louis_Chevalier_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ordre_Royal_et_Militaire_de_Saint-Louis_Chevalier_ribbon.svg/50px-Ordre_Royal_et_Militaire_de_Saint-Louis_Chevalier_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Louis" title="Order of Saint Louis">Order of Saint Louis</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ordre_du_Saint-Esprit_Chevalier_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Ordre_du_Saint-Esprit_Chevalier_ribbon.svg/25px-Ordre_du_Saint-Esprit_Chevalier_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Ordre_du_Saint-Esprit_Chevalier_ribbon.svg/38px-Ordre_du_Saint-Esprit_Chevalier_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Ordre_du_Saint-Esprit_Chevalier_ribbon.svg/50px-Ordre_du_Saint-Esprit_Chevalier_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Holy_Spirit" title="Order of the Holy Spirit">Order of the Holy Spirit</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Luc Urbain du Bouëxic, comte de Guichen</b> (June 21, 1712, <a href="/wiki/Foug%C3%A8res" title="Fougères">Fougères</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a> – January 13, 1790, <a href="/wiki/Morlaix" title="Morlaix">Morlaix</a>) was a French <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">admiral</a> who commanded the French fleets that fought the British at the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ushant" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Ushant">First Battle of Ushant</a> (1778) and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Martinique_(1780)" title="Battle of Martinique (1780)">Battle of Martinique (1780)</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_War_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="American War of Independence">American War of Independence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luc_Urbain_du_Bou%C3%ABxic,_comte_de_Guichen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guichen joined the Navy in 1730 as a <a href="/wiki/Garde-Marine" class="mw-redirect" title="Garde-Marine">Garde-Marine</a>. He was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_de_vaisseau" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant de vaisseau">lieutenant de vaisseau</a> in 1746.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1748, Guichen fought five battles against superior British forces, while a convoy escorting from the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> back to France. He was made a Knight in the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Louis" title="Order of Saint Louis">Order of Saint Louis</a> that same year. </p><p>In 1755, he participated in the abortive relief expedition to <a href="/wiki/Louisbourg" title="Louisbourg">Louisbourg</a> under <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel-Auguste_de_Cahideuc,_Comte_Dubois_de_la_Motte" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmanuel-Auguste de Cahideuc, Comte Dubois de la Motte">Dubois de La Motte</a>, on the 70-gun <a href="/wiki/French_ship_H%C3%A9ros_(1752)" title="French ship Héros (1752)"><i>Héros</i></a>. In 1775 he was appointed to the frigate <i>Terpsichore</i>, attached to the <a href="/wiki/Escadre_d%27%C3%A9volution" title="Escadre d'évolution">Escadre d'évolution</a>. He was promoted to Captain in May 1756.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The year after, he was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Chef_d%27Escadre" class="mw-redirect" title="Chef d'Escadre">Chef d'Escadre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Battle_of_Ushant">First Battle of Ushant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luc_Urbain_du_Bou%C3%ABxic,_comte_de_Guichen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First Battle of Ushant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After France entered the <a href="/wiki/War_of_American_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="War of American Independence">War of American Independence</a>, Guichen was appointed to the command of the Channel fleet, which he led in the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ushant" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Ushant">Battle of Ushant</a> on 27 July 1778. His flagship, the 104-gun <a href="/wiki/French_ship_Ville_de_Paris_(1764)" title="French ship Ville de Paris (1764)"><i>Ville de Paris</i></a>, was next in line to the fleet flagship <a href="/wiki/French_ship_Bretagne_(1766)" title="French ship Bretagne (1766)"><i>Bretagne</i></a>. In March 1779, he was promoted <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_des_Arm%C3%A9es_navales" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Général des Armées navales">Lieutenant Général des Armées navales</a>, As such he commanded the French van in the Combined fleet of Orvillers and Córdoba from June to September.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Martinique">Battle of Martinique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luc_Urbain_du_Bou%C3%ABxic,_comte_de_Guichen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Battle of Martinique"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guichen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Guichen.jpg/170px-Guichen.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Guichen.jpg/255px-Guichen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Guichen.jpg/340px-Guichen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="704" /></a><figcaption>Luc Urbain de Bouexic, comte de Guichen (1712–1790).</figcaption></figure> <p>In January 1780, Guichen was sent to the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> with a strong squadron. On 17 April to the leeward of <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>, Guichen's fleet met a force under <a href="/wiki/George_Brydges_Rodney" class="mw-redirect" title="George Brydges Rodney">Rodney</a>, leading to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Martinique_(1780)" title="Battle of Martinique (1780)">Battle of Martinique</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the engagement, both Rodney's <a href="/wiki/HMS_Sandwich_(1759)" title="HMS Sandwich (1759)"><i>Sandwich</i></a> and Guichen's <a href="/wiki/French_ship_Couronne_(1768)" title="French ship Couronne (1768)"><i>Couronne</i></a> were temporarily cut off from their respective fleets and had to bear the brunt of the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Combat_de_la_Dominique_17_Avril_1780_Rossel_de_Cercy_1736_1804.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Combat_de_la_Dominique_17_Avril_1780_Rossel_de_Cercy_1736_1804.jpg/220px-Combat_de_la_Dominique_17_Avril_1780_Rossel_de_Cercy_1736_1804.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Combat_de_la_Dominique_17_Avril_1780_Rossel_de_Cercy_1736_1804.jpg/330px-Combat_de_la_Dominique_17_Avril_1780_Rossel_de_Cercy_1736_1804.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Combat_de_la_Dominique_17_Avril_1780_Rossel_de_Cercy_1736_1804.jpg/440px-Combat_de_la_Dominique_17_Avril_1780_Rossel_de_Cercy_1736_1804.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2538" data-file-height="1736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Martinique_(1780)" title="Battle of Martinique (1780)">Combat de la Dominique</a>, 17 Avril 1780, by <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Louis_de_Rossel_de_Cercy" class="mw-redirect" title="Auguste Louis de Rossel de Cercy">Auguste Louis de Rossel de Cercy</a> (1736–1804).</figcaption></figure> <p>Two inconclusive actions followed on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_of_15_May_1780&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Action of 15 May 1780 (page does not exist)">15 May</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_of_19_May_1780&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Action of 19 May 1780 (page does not exist)">19 May 1780</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the <a href="/wiki/Hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane">hurricane</a> season approaching in July, Guichen left the West Indies and returned home, reaching <a href="/wiki/Cadiz,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadiz, Spain">Cadiz</a> in September with a convoy of 95 merchantmen. Guichen's second-in-command, <a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_de_Sade_de_Vaudronne" title="Hippolyte de Sade de Vaudronne">Sade de Vaudronne</a>, died at sea as the fleet arrived.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1781_action_in_the_Bay_of_Biscay">1781 action in the Bay of Biscay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luc_Urbain_du_Bou%C3%ABxic,_comte_de_Guichen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1781 action in the Bay of Biscay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 1781, Guichen was tasked to carry stores and reinforcements to the West Indies. On 12 December, British Admiral <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kempenfelt" title="Richard Kempenfelt">Kempenfelt</a> intercepted Guichen's squadron in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a> through a temporary clearance in a fog, at a moment when Guichen's warships were to leeward of the convoy, and attacked the transports at once, yielding the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Ushant" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Ushant">Second Battle of Ushant</a>. Kempenfelt captured twenty of the transports and forced the others to retreat to port. Having failed his mission, Guichen then also returned to port. He had no opportunity to gain any counterbalancing success during the short remainder of the war, but he was present at the final relief of <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Howe,_earl_Howe" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Howe, earl Howe">Lord Howe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luc_Urbain_du_Bou%C3%ABxic,_comte_de_Guichen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Guichen_Bay" title="Guichen Bay">Guichen Bay</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a> and the French ship <a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_Guichen_(1897)" title="French cruiser Guichen (1897)"><i>Guichen</i></a> of the First World War were named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1785, Guichen was elected an international member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in Philadelphia.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luc_Urbain_du_Bou%C3%ABxic,_comte_de_Guichen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luc_Urbain_du_Bou%C3%ABxic,_comte_de_Guichen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannay1911686_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHannay1911">Hannay 1911</a>, p. 686.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161012010923/http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb/">"Property Location Browser (search for 'Guichen Bay')"</a>. Department of Transport Planning and Infrastructure. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb/#">the original</a> on 12 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Property+Location+Browser+%28search+for+%27Guichen+Bay%27%29&rft.pub=Department+of+Transport+Planning+and+Infrastructure&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaps.sa.gov.au%2Fplb%2F%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuc+Urbain+du+Bou%C3%ABxic%2C+comte+de+Guichen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Comte+de+Luc+Urbain+du+Bouexic&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DComte%2Bde%2BLuc%2BUrbain%2Bdu%2BBouexic%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuc+Urbain+du+Bou%C3%ABxic%2C+comte+de+Guichen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luc_Urbain_du_Bou%C3%ABxic,_comte_de_Guichen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannay1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hannay, David (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Guichen,_Luc_Urbain_de_Bou%C3%ABxic,_Comte_de" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Guichen, Luc Urbain de Bouëxic, Comte de">Guichen, Luc Urbain de Bouëxic, Comte de</a>". In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 686, 687.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Guichen%2C+Luc+Urbain+de+Bou%C3%ABxic%2C+Comte+de&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=686%2C+687&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Hannay&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuc+Urbain+du+Bou%C3%ABxic%2C+comte+de+Guichen" class="Z3988"></span> Endnotes:</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChevalier1877" class="citation book cs1">Chevalier, Louis-Édouard (1877). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/histoiredelamar00chevgoog/page/n9/mode/2up"><i>Histoire de Ia marine française pendant la guerre de l'indépendence américaine</i></a>. Paris: Librairie Hachette.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+Ia+marine+fran%C3%A7aise+pendant+la+guerre+de+l%27ind%C3%A9pendence+am%C3%A9ricaine&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Librairie+Hachette&rft.date=1877&rft.aulast=Chevalier&rft.aufirst=Louis-%C3%89douard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoiredelamar00chevgoog%2Fpage%2Fn9%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuc+Urbain+du+Bou%C3%ABxic%2C+comte+de+Guichen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVicomte_de_Noailles1903" class="citation book cs1">Vicomte de Noailles (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marinsetsoldatsf00noaiuoft"><i>Marins et soldats français en Amérique</i></a>. Paris, Perrin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marins+et+soldats+fran%C3%A7ais+en+Am%C3%A9rique&rft.pub=Paris%2C+Perrin&rft.date=1903&rft.au=Vicomte+de+Noailles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarinsetsoldatsf00noaiuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuc+Urbain+du+Bou%C3%ABxic%2C+comte+de+Guichen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaillemite2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Taillemite" title="Étienne Taillemite">Taillemite, Étienne</a> (2002). <i>Dictionnaire des Marins français</i>. Tallandier. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-84734-008-4" title="Special:BookSources/2-84734-008-4"><bdi>2-84734-008-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+des+Marins+fran%C3%A7ais&rft.pub=Tallandier&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=2-84734-008-4&rft.aulast=Taillemite&rft.aufirst=%C3%89tienne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuc+Urbain+du+Bou%C3%ABxic%2C+comte+de+Guichen" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxRHDxPxHjqmgrFW6PRKd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1024485919">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2012145768">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16669031q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16669031q">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" 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