CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9179b77baa9c406a',cH: 'gwS6yqjTPQ6dSVZb96_E3zagE4P8E1397KHJ92F.9FI-1740507703-1.2.1.1-E7QB2BAy6qx2KRkjY3Z2iHK_wfSg7O28kxZ5EhGuL7.GJYAgd7LEst_9OVXSxXCZ',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=deg&__cf_chl_tk=inIVIWmUwXdVV8CLMaUASA3fHIia_7UyHy.uLgJlPwY-1740507703-1.0.1.1-J6Efj8pfzqptPUnEBTsR8dJ7MHBs2_99YoOGpCKJJ90",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740507703',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=deg&__cf_chl_f_tk=inIVIWmUwXdVV8CLMaUASA3fHIia_7UyHy.uLgJlPwY-1740507703-1.0.1.1-J6Efj8pfzqptPUnEBTsR8dJ7MHBs2_99YoOGpCKJJ90",md: "hquckGv3XeG6VRJ4Ae5Ujl8GB7hulTxQF60ZBbVZaKw-1740507703-1.2.1.1-reDsoxZTOod_uqsEcJZ9OQf3xkFW_hpTC8yCx8y0QJ6GXbwlNc1RHj3s7YWo08PPTGHfB3O6Q.jxzQEnSud7uBCpcExtUlbv9oWwpSy9mwS2NLhW8Y.t2OZW9u76nxhXYkLAt9tgcA1gJvRmVY9dGJ_z4E_ZMksoNVeYLOt0DJZmUVvH_uoj2kPQNGOaT3cQWJZcmeX5tGcZcRwwuaGqJBHCA0oB6m6HFtZwuLwA8KCFpqcefwOwES0uwvrEZUpXS_CzguitqlBxlRCJd_nlgfOJHMcHGf3yup0VX4jeSnJgylB89Us25pDOB90RZpmoXO9xN_PA3UjlDpm6iu1lWNyYG45azXL9ZlCL4QkUdzXanAPS9re7ZcYUZmESuPzelnzlccQ_z4F6K9EuA8jZDOQSq.VCckWJS4NIrF2ctIJq6_xbMFUFjCPxetQb8vD63LbysfCzG08uwQNA7cIhVUsZiIDmF3wrAP2zDnYs542lElAyYqQ7Ok2a3vlt5H76yAH_hlkkeh9U.Vvn5YwKsC0lUX89AHz9I1YDSIogEzW7RW7ei3fKR2kdBw20Jz2unN28cl3XGe6eCph7HQmr7wnFq0fQ8OZ_9BCJX2dNiuhIwjRMdDzO_DG4i58LidC54IGDIgKk4_C9I6MUrY.LAc13v8h0eyIE4E8R79yw6aUhwuQjN47J5xCYgfLJfdjPFEMrDyl5wRQ33wGvg3kClwxMi4yrnUO0gc_WhSUvfTvXQRB5hbPduZfI0O4x6QdhqbH3ER7acSo0Bt1r04.cm0fkn9Uc3V_aqYhVqqNv0wwaZrIWMBu_AGZYAE2EQh54ZQSR2NOVHuG_GvUPolFrvxwxDSI4SZbZGc_vACvC638zVQEb6RYFucb_BUzqjAiTUyzyXaaOKC.TzvzOPWZNHmp7TPRjjT7EgoGfTwpXPD7ZmgSk7pvHnadirDZLG.6xECeKJ2Oit7bM8_nZDav5fgH28vfJXqoNtrNBHQh36taHBdH7AJADy2kpMNmhJC75C39dhIJBKOOrvo3BDtQEfzSdBmqpLmhihhuEeLmSebTnfMLGbA8iXB5G0HCUBDVxiWL1cuZsh10ddWh00dbIIgVgF3BNKaXTob0lbslkGP9HSXH3t4VyD5HQLsLx4jBdqpLXx9dOqIhQZWSu9ZQZ_mKG26i5yLFu5kLKg3U4nJPC4CkvhChzi0NxgCrERMW8AiiDgcrQhhIOXbCk_NT3rdMhe7e2v1Pmg6ksXbZK3lRAzseCrNR1Zhdc0tsvK0EpVtyJKeaHOVUHRrAaPwTYzPkO4RCEiJyJOXwYoSskWlxbjpXAVBIkvCNavAxF30lii.Tm9BQAKn3gzLqbuJcuMDjciZOnjyyV3fW8WwmBNTvoO1m5zx6QWzWnQuId.MAeUZmdxv3Q7QqJrP7WE8VIxwwAXAHq7ixPPFVzGdjonVUDnfjX1IXL5HN19UQkDQx_xuK_m6WxcF94EejKq8odJd6auiVminBIpUyABLyDYeBSUCipE5r8NZYK1aS05kqP3Z30bqceRICE6qgfSKFQVGV3kOaoDiNTjxosrI0rkllPf84vyNK2raiVVZPxI2ZGnegOp_bGhQ8uFn_th3lv.xVAmyC_9M_B18tp_enrxTB6vYDdQ9gbdsSWE.IIGo112ja13Iutjf_LDrAkyneBdX7x.Z03BUhhWwgR4AHaZbRZJE8gqMUV7PE6hkPPt.B8f6newirdMWkhPCOrmFsRJfaQ.wYREIKVqPauNXGcnArDEPOXHZkz9I7JfvPNBuXi9bUF_M.Y56KAcphJHSBwPKiF8OKPITac8aJvNLqTG.PFTZ4X3n8L2CpWAbfx5N5B3CISOJhnM.3MFKGz8smwRbqmUExJTIhFhD3BeLw2UgZSVllRZf9qWyokOsoYNUxU",mdrd: "oLk2S2WjhwoSZGDdplTsYyUC7wYPyK4Yb1cK0CPJlkk-1740507703-1.2.1.1-KbaRFvTxDVLlbsthJAZJO_WWYWQcVLegm_r38kBcH_Jemj9ke5tAnpTVQ3ktGAv1cTO5i74KqbeTR0ETdzMqhAKwwq.ADd38X.uqRJHqpGebaM7pM7N_qlzYVhmWrnQ8tYiscSdu2COIp0vVyF13L3b.fYZzMRqWmF_Z5MA7AUwBYIauE.ZE7VZeQImyYYRUySUkAmEar0IObb2STAK4G4dSEYGo87LGi8nkf4T_iNcIbHiWKvVwdlDqHnnja.CmVxAxWikpqUkKF5Ahx9HO5rZ.NTlCWGIuBjSGER6ziR_RYiWugTMtwQCmlQSnp677OpsYYMqQQP7N0ZXAmiKhfq5uT5Hww8DsmpAvTrt3aHK4YycptWAxLZ4QpGJ.xPYC28ixM1TjDX2TU38whekCSZ_qwISeE4tYiqpBASI5uzo3aW_ENuFAktEwa7OIy9d9uXcXRgX22HLTB.HliDJB4QVZzULWL6KbBs7V7XqJ.fgBLrajKwMUbQ5lz9_fnlTkXTlyIhKM.aRUUp7tlIDozlicYKRM5PM.5C3n1jltpS1fDqvJ1ov.LfM0BQEDMDlRYICcmw.3lYspPcZ4gm4Xa0oBdhHlzlN0vNx5RgihntVJ.JhoA8sAn4OuZ05RETzgb8RKubJ95_26HoyhVoMGDJXWstCjCgcexbyqlZ8lwFgzZTylgZNdKeCJGjTaZLb36hVoJ0UYJrKGJ6WaFV2NJ30SKZszirzy_8cGs8NnsBlcOGxM6Qb0zjQixOI55znK0fR7LgvSjhlpEJb_8PP5mZRg0vaNJmTc7e2VjOnlBq6gC.bA4mWWtxx_Va_b9TRFicavL.zpJx0jN2rw9tLboK4GdiRbORN9aSEjkNbVpgCXcQrdJXy7tbHzHMPIJXMc8gjPH2UypDOvxhpZu7ZXpt.pM8Hc9.tZ6ByMfhjpVnfXfMKkFjgDdEgttKSHfpCQa1rYZqs3CJ8LIWyo_gLzh3NYxskjWAGNELXcS2FHk6WKqEJwJ2NUAZeZjwOmBf.MhWa6DVivl6NMQOfLNrPRG4D1XjwJNOcNqrhdCv_dhCq1s74gBLDpUgSOmhhksvJNiBrYcnrbpT5ip7htEt5cQRuwxpVmq5qG6FgyNRk3qjkiCwFtmUXjE_KVXdLTK2gLX02MAR_DlHPSNrWrt68MgwU9nwDE5443yej5iymDpaNUGOWYKDNZF8aOltuvsD2luT2qvz98nv34mc962hWG1veXdDfrR_pu2vxEpYSOZLLbTErdidjfVPojiP8FM.TLVCmBHp6d7ZxhSRjEI4702QvgcnYDMm7fqF60HLM7TwN1gwJUBCglw3ipXuDF2r4tQf_NEFqGBE7jfS24tIkmUqpvxadm32thtcDlKUxes4N0DY2yY4YOCsjrJgCJUnvvm.AtdFfFt1ncn5V47mC_fm_00k.nJDwhbxSopDaAxkh_YZMjXrOvKJwfz1kGMHo3.sUSYq_VWxeJ2SPfQ1Ew13mkyn25_WoOGmcyWlqG8UyrVzH1OQZXNZWkUAWkVBlOqNqarL2opRVPCWwP9L8SXvrlE0VnCosU96mXIS35i6Z6VOoQZlOftOVJn2q5LqdQdqJCTmmkmbxOlVKbHVK9iNxPsvPr_2tJ.FkZ3nLoBqcn3TI.H.khfTBm.xx9uoK.MZwiRCPauuUGmPtEqWZh8fI.UR__0MoCHQyB90RoAM3H2C20sougu42XgWY1M4bFocWQFsiNiVt5S_0W7S4T2EOOs1or9dgI6JjFfYZBsLfgwn7fpk5U_HAcZlbh6_4wBYId63_Lv90pg_SE6POH35agz9LGJqCoqrwDlfo61p1OMP.FuEXAXl01dTDIgdcS34_fPCNC9pgp7u.IMXROsoW0Jz2LYINh.dVDaMljK9ijYQ1MoNpy9vHKjZdbMsdMfBqmV89KTWm816pQkepmqsEIGVvBLI2tqDwyGZe.LqU"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9179b77baa9c406a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=deg&__cf_chl_rt_tk=inIVIWmUwXdVV8CLMaUASA3fHIia_7UyHy.uLgJlPwY-1740507703-1.0.1.1-J6Efj8pfzqptPUnEBTsR8dJ7MHBs2_99YoOGpCKJJ90" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>