CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>National Park Service - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"a48f717d-6c06-41c2-8ba4-9808c13de58b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"National_Park_Service","wgTitle":"National Park Service","wgCurRevisionId":1275958453,"wgRevisionId":1275958453,"wgArticleId":161535,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","All articles with incomplete citations","Articles with incomplete citations from March 2020","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from June 2016","CS1: unfit URL","Articles with dead external links from January 2017","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use mdy dates from November 2018","All articles with unsourced statements", "Articles with unsourced statements from November 2023","Articles with dead external links from January 2025","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Coordinates not on Wikidata","National Park Service","1916 establishments in the United States","Environmental agencies in the United States","Government agencies established in 1916","Land management in the United States","National park administrators","Nature conservation in the United States","Organizations based in Washington, D.C.","Park police departments of the United States","United States public land law"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"National_Park_Service","wgRelevantArticleId":161535,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":38.8944,"lon":-77.0426},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q308439","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user": "ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface", "ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg/1200px-Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1562"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg/800px-Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1042"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg/640px-Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="833"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="National Park Service - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-National_Park_Service rootpage-National_Park_Service skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=National+Park+Service" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=National+Park+Service" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=National+Park+Service" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=National+Park+Service" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Resource_stewardship_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resource_stewardship_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Resource stewardship policies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resource_stewardship_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1963:_The_Leopold_Report" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1963:_The_Leopold_Report"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>1963: The Leopold Report</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1963:_The_Leopold_Report-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012:_Revisiting_Leopold:_Resource_Stewardship_in_the_National_Parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012:_Revisiting_Leopold:_Resource_Stewardship_in_the_National_Parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>2012: Revisiting Leopold: Resource Stewardship in the National Parks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012:_Revisiting_Leopold:_Resource_Stewardship_in_the_National_Parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021:_Resist-Accept-Direct_(RAD):_A_Framework_for_the_21st-century_Natural_Resource_Manager" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021:_Resist-Accept-Direct_(RAD):_A_Framework_for_the_21st-century_Natural_Resource_Manager"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>2021: Resist-Accept-Direct (RAD): A Framework for the 21st-century Natural Resource Manager</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021:_Resist-Accept-Direct_(RAD):_A_Framework_for_the_21st-century_Natural_Resource_Manager-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Park_System" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Park_System"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>National Park System</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-National_Park_System-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle National Park System subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-National_Park_System-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Holdings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holdings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Holdings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holdings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criteria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criteria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Criteria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criteria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nomenclature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomenclature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Nomenclature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nomenclature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_designations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_designations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Special designations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_designations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visitation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visitation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Visitation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Visitation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Visitation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Visitation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Entrance_fees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entrance_fees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Entrance fees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entrance_fees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overnight_stays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overnight_stays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Overnight stays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overnight_stays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budget" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budget"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Budget</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Budget-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Budget subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Budget-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Discretionary_spending" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discretionary_spending"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Discretionary spending</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discretionary_spending-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Resource_stewardship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resource_stewardship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Resource stewardship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resource_stewardship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visitor_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visitor_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Visitor services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visitor_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Park_protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Park_protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Park protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Park_protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facility_maintenance_and_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facility_maintenance_and_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.4</span> <span>Facility maintenance and operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facility_maintenance_and_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Park_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Park_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.5</span> <span>Park support</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Park_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_administrative_costs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_administrative_costs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.6</span> <span>External administrative costs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_administrative_costs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Land_and_Water_Conservation_Fund" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_and_Water_Conservation_Fund"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Land and Water Conservation Fund</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land_and_Water_Conservation_Fund-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historic_Preservation_Fund" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_Preservation_Fund"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Historic Preservation Fund</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_Preservation_Fund-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_benefits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_benefits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Economic benefits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_benefits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concessions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concessions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Concessions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Concessions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Concessions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Concessions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Litigation_with_Delaware_North" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litigation_with_Delaware_North"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Litigation with Delaware North</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litigation_with_Delaware_North-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Offices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Offices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Offices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Staff_and_volunteers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Staff_and_volunteers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Staff and volunteers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Staff_and_volunteers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Staff and volunteers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Staff_and_volunteers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Employees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Employees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volunteers-In-Parks_(VIP)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volunteers-In-Parks_(VIP)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Volunteers-In-Parks (VIP)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volunteers-In-Parks_(VIP)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artist-In-Residence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artist-In-Residence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Artist-In-Residence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artist-In-Residence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_Park_Rangers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_Park_Rangers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>United States Park Rangers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_Park_Rangers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_Park_Police" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_Park_Police"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>United States Park Police</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_Park_Police-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Youth_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Youth_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Youth programs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Youth_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Special divisions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Special_divisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Special divisions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Special_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Centers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Centers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Centers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preservation_Programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preservation_Programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Preservation Programs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preservation_Programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historic_American_Buildings_Survey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_American_Buildings_Survey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.1</span> <span>Historic American Buildings Survey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_American_Buildings_Survey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historic_American_Engineering_Record" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_American_Engineering_Record"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.2</span> <span>Historic American Engineering Record</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_American_Engineering_Record-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rivers,_Trails_and_Conservation_Assistance_Program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivers,_Trails_and_Conservation_Assistance_Program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.3</span> <span>Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance Program</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivers,_Trails_and_Conservation_Assistance_Program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_American_Confinement_Sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_American_Confinement_Sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.4</span> <span>Japanese American Confinement Sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_American_Confinement_Sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Trails_System" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Trails_System"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>National Trails System</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Trails_System-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Heritage_Areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Heritage_Areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>National Heritage Areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Heritage_Areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Initiatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initiatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Initiatives</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Initiatives-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Initiatives subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Initiatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Green_Park_Plan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Green_Park_Plan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Green Park Plan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Green_Park_Plan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate_Friendly_Parks_Program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_Friendly_Parks_Program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.1</span> <span>Climate Friendly Parks Program</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_Friendly_Parks_Program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cashless" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cashless"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Cashless</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cashless-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_acts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_acts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Related acts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_acts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>People</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.1</span> <span>Individuals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.2</span> <span>Roles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Related organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Other links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sources subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Other sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">National Park Service</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="إدارة المتنزهات الوطنية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إدارة المتنزهات الوطنية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Служба нацыянальных паркаў ЗША – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Служба нацыянальных паркаў ЗША" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A9" title="Служба на националните паркове на САЩ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Служба на националните паркове на САЩ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servei_de_Parcs_Nacionals" title="Servei de Parcs Nacionals – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Servei de Parcs Nacionals" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spr%C3%A1va_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%ADch_park%C5%AF" title="Správa národních parků – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Správa národních parků" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="National Park Service" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="National Park Service" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahvusparkide_Teenistus" title="Rahvusparkide Teenistus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rahvusparkide Teenistus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servicio_de_Parques_Nacionales" title="Servicio de Parques Nacionales – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Servicio de Parques Nacionales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacia_Parka_Agentejo" title="Nacia Parka Agentejo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nacia Parka Agentejo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parke_Nazionalen_Zerbitzua" title="Parke Nazionalen Zerbitzua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Parke Nazionalen Zerbitzua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C" title="سازمان پارک‌های ملی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سازمان پارک‌های ملی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="National Park Service" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="National Park Service" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servizo_Nacional_de_Parques" title="Servizo Nacional de Parques – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Servizo Nacional de Parques" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" title="美國國家公園管理局 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="美國國家公園管理局" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B5%AD%EB%A6%BD%EA%B3%B5%EC%9B%90%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%AD" title="미국 국립공원관리청 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 국립공원관리청" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="राष्ट्रीय उद्यान सेवा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राष्ट्रीय उद्यान सेवा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawatan_Taman_Nasional" title="Jawatan Taman Nasional – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jawatan Taman Nasional" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="National Park Service" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="שירות הפארקים הלאומיים של ארצות הברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שירות הפארקים הלאומיים של ארצות הברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministerium_Saeptorum_Nationalium_(Civitates_Foederatae)" title="Ministerium Saeptorum Nationalium (Civitates Foederatae) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ministerium Saeptorum Nationalium (Civitates Foederatae)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASV_Nacion%C4%81lo_parku_dienests" title="ASV Nacionālo parku dienests – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="ASV Nacionālo parku dienests" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalin%C4%97_park%C5%B3_tarnyba" title="Nacionalinė parkų tarnyba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nacionalinė parkų tarnyba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="നാഷണൽ പാർക്ക് സർവീസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നാഷണൽ പാർക്ക് സർവീസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkhidmatan_Taman_Negara" title="Perkhidmatan Taman Negara – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perkhidmatan Taman Negara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="National Park Service" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E5%B1%80" title="アメリカ合衆国国立公園局 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ合衆国国立公園局" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="National Park Service" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%84_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="نیشنل پارک سروس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیشنل پارک سروس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="National Park Service" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servi%C3%A7o_Nacional_de_Parques" title="Serviço Nacional de Parques – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Serviço Nacional de Parques" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Служба национальных парков США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Служба национальных парков США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="National Park Service" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="National Park Service" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="National Park Service" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_Park_Hizmeti" title="Millî Park Hizmeti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Millî Park Hizmeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Служба національних парків США – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Служба національних парків США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%A5c_C%C3%B4ng_vi%C3%AAn_Qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Cục Công viên Quốc gia Hoa Kỳ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cục Công viên Quốc gia Hoa Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" title="美国国家公园管理局 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美国国家公园管理局" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q308439#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:National_Park_Service" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/National_Park_Service" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/National_Park_Service" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&oldid=1275958453" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=National_Park_Service&id=1275958453&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNational_Park_Service"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNational_Park_Service"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=National_Park_Service&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:National_Park_Service_(United_States_Department_of_the_Interior)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/National_Park_Service" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:United_States_National_Park_Service" hreflang="en"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q308439" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=National_Park_Service&params=38.8944_N_77.0426_W_type:landmark_globe:earth_region:US-DC"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°53′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°02′33″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.8944°N 77.0426°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.8944; -77.0426</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United States federal agency</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">National Park Service</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg/150px-Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg/225px-Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg/300px-Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">National Park Service arrowhead insignia</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Guidon_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Guidon_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg/220px-Guidon_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Guidon_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg/330px-Guidon_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Guidon_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg/440px-Guidon_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Guidon_(United_States)" title="Guidon (United States)">Guidon</a> of the National Park Service</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">August 25, 1916<span class="noprint">; 108 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1916-08-25</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States government">United States government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Main_Interior_Building" title="Main Interior Building">Main Interior Building</a></li><li>1849 C Street NW</li><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li><li>20240, U.S.</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">About 20,000 (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-Emp1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emp1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (279,000 volunteers in 2019)<sup id="cite_ref-Emp1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emp1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$3.265 billion (FY2022)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Jessica Bowron, Acting <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_National_Park_Service" title="Director of the National Park Service">Director of the National Park Service</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent department</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/index.htm">www<wbr />.nps<wbr />.gov<wbr />/index<wbr />.htm</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308439#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Map</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:NPS_UnifiedRegionsMap2020.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="{{{map_alt}}}" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/NPS_UnifiedRegionsMap2020.png/220px-NPS_UnifiedRegionsMap2020.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/NPS_UnifiedRegionsMap2020.png/330px-NPS_UnifiedRegionsMap2020.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/NPS_UnifiedRegionsMap2020.png/440px-NPS_UnifiedRegionsMap2020.png 2x" data-file-width="8516" data-file-height="5848" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>National Park Service</b> (<b>NPS</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_agencies_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal agencies in the United States">agency</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">United States federal government</a>, within the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">US Department of the Interior</a>. The service manages all <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_United_States" title="List of national parks of the United States">national parks</a>; most <a href="/wiki/National_monument_(United_States)" title="National monument (United States)">national monuments</a>; and other natural, historical, and recreational properties, with various title designations.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> created the agency on August 25, 1916, through the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_Organic_Act" title="National Park Service Organic Act">National Park Service Organic Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-national_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-national-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its headquarters is in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, within the main headquarters of the Department of the Interior. </p><p>The NPS employs about 20,000 people in 433 units covering over 85 million acres (0.34 million km<sup>2</sup>) in <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States" title="List of states and territories of the United States">all 50 states</a>, the District of Columbia, and <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">US territories</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Emp1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emp1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, the service had more than 279,000 volunteers.<sup id="cite_ref-Emp1_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emp1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agency is charged with preserving the ecological and historical integrity of the places entrusted to its management and with making them available for public use and enjoyment. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Park_Service" title="History of the National Park Service">History of the National Park Service</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_Organic_Act" title="National Park Service Organic Act">National Park Service Organic Act</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Natlparks_and_RRs_1916.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Natlparks_and_RRs_1916.jpg/220px-Natlparks_and_RRs_1916.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Natlparks_and_RRs_1916.jpg/330px-Natlparks_and_RRs_1916.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Natlparks_and_RRs_1916.jpg/440px-Natlparks_and_RRs_1916.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1623" data-file-height="1153" /></a><figcaption>In 1916, a portfolio of nine major parks was published to generate interest. Printed on each brochure was a map showing the parks and principal railroad connections.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USPS_National_Park_Service_1934.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/USPS_National_Park_Service_1934.jpg/220px-USPS_National_Park_Service_1934.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/USPS_National_Park_Service_1934.jpg/330px-USPS_National_Park_Service_1934.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/USPS_National_Park_Service_1934.jpg/440px-USPS_National_Park_Service_1934.jpg 2x" data-file-width="903" data-file-height="742" /></a><figcaption>In 1934, a series of ten postage stamps was issued to commemorate the reorganization and expansion of the National Park Service.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NPS_Preliminary_Survey_Personnel_GSNP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/NPS_Preliminary_Survey_Personnel_GSNP.jpg/220px-NPS_Preliminary_Survey_Personnel_GSNP.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/NPS_Preliminary_Survey_Personnel_GSNP.jpg/330px-NPS_Preliminary_Survey_Personnel_GSNP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/NPS_Preliminary_Survey_Personnel_GSNP.jpg/440px-NPS_Preliminary_Survey_Personnel_GSNP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="366" /></a><figcaption>NPS Preliminary Survey party, <a href="/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains" title="Great Smoky Mountains">Great Smoky Mountains</a>, 1931</figcaption></figure> <p>Artist <a href="/wiki/George_Catlin" title="George Catlin">George Catlin</a>, during an 1832 trip to the Dakotas, was perhaps the first to suggest the concept of a national park. Indian civilization, wildlife, and wilderness were all in danger, wrote Catlin, unless they could be preserved "by some great protecting policy of government<span class="nowrap"> </span>... in a magnificent park<span class="nowrap"> </span>... A nation's Park, containing man and beast, in all the wild[ness] and freshness of their nature's beauty!"<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone National Park</a> was created as the first <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1872, there was no <a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">state government</a> to manage it (Wyoming <a href="/wiki/History_of_Wyoming" title="History of Wyoming">was a U.S. territory</a> at that time), so the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal government</a> managed it directly through the army, including the famed African American <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Soldier" title="Buffalo Soldier">Buffalo Soldier</a> units.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The movement for an independent agency to oversee these federal lands was spearheaded by <a href="/wiki/Business_magnate" title="Business magnate">business magnate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conservation_movement" title="Conservation movement">conservationist</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Mather" title="Stephen Mather">Stephen Mather</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the help of journalist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sterling_Yard" title="Robert Sterling Yard">Robert Sterling Yard</a>, Mather ran a publicity campaign for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a>. They wrote numerous articles that praised the scenic and historic qualities of the parks and their possibilities for educational, inspirational, and recreational benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This campaign resulted in the creation of the NPS. On August 25, 1916, President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_Organic_Act" title="National Park Service Organic Act">National Park Service Organic Act</a> that mandated the agency "to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and wildlife therein, and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mather became the first director of the newly formed NPS.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 3, 1933, President <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> signed the Reorganization Act of 1933. The act gave the president the authority to transfer national monuments from one governmental department to another.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that summer, new president <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> made use of this power after NPS Deputy Director <a href="/wiki/Horace_M._Albright" title="Horace M. Albright">Horace M. Albright</a> suggested that the NPS, rather than the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">War Department</a>, should manage historic <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> sites.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President Roosevelt agreed and issued two <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">executive orders</a> to implement the reorganization. These two executive orders transferred to the NPS all of the War Department's historic sites as well as national monuments that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">Department of Agriculture</a> had managed and parks in and around Washington, D.C. that an independent federal office had previously operated.<sup id="cite_ref-Shaping_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaping-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The popularity of the parks after the end of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> left them overburdened with demands that the NPS could not meet. In 1951, <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Wirth" class="mw-redirect" title="Conrad Wirth">Conrad Wirth</a> became director of the NPS and began to bring park facilities up to the standards that the public was expecting.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1952, with the support of President <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a>, Wirth began <a href="/wiki/Mission_66" title="Mission 66">Mission 66</a>, a ten-year effort to upgrade and expand park facilities for the 50th anniversary of the Park Service. New parks were added to preserve unique resources and existing park facilities were upgraded and expanded.<sup id="cite_ref-Shaping_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaping-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1966, as the Park Service turned 50 years old, emphasis began to turn from just saving great and wonderful scenery and unique natural features to making parks accessible to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Director <a href="/wiki/George_B._Hartzog_Jr." title="George B. Hartzog Jr.">George Hartzog</a> began the process with the creation of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Lakeshore" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Lakeshore">National Lakeshores</a> and then <a href="/wiki/National_Recreation_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="National Recreation Area">National Recreation Areas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resource_stewardship_policies">Resource stewardship policies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Resource stewardship policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1963:_The_Leopold_Report">1963: The Leopold Report</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1963: The Leopold Report"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 1963 report titled "Wildlife Management in the National Parks" was prepared by a five-member advisory board on Wildlife Management, appointed by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">United States Secretary of the Interior</a> <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Udall" title="Stewart Udall">Stewart Udall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This report came to be referred to in later years by its chairman and principal author, <a href="/wiki/A._Starker_Leopold" title="A. Starker Leopold">A. Starker Leopold</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Report" title="Leopold Report">Leopold Report</a> was just fourteen pages in length, but it set forth <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem_management" title="Ecosystem management">ecosystem management</a> recommendations that would guide parks policy until it was revisited in 2012. </p><p>The Leopold Report was the first concrete plan for managing park visitors and ecosystems under unified principles.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Park management issues and controversies addressed in this report included the difficulties of managing elk populations in <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone National Park</a> and how "overprotection from natural ground fires" in California's <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_National_Park" title="Sequoia National Park">Sequoia National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kings_Canyon_National_Park" title="Kings Canyon National Park">Kings Canyon National Park</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite National Park</a> had begun to threaten groves of <a href="/wiki/Giant_Sequoia" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant Sequoia">Giant Sequoia</a> with catastrophic wildfires. The report also established a historical baseline that read, "The goal of managing the national parks and monuments should be to preserve, or where necessary to recreate, the ecologic scene as viewed by the first European visitors." This baseline would guide <a href="/wiki/Ecological_restoration" title="Ecological restoration">ecological restoration</a> in national parks until a <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_adaptation" title="Climate change adaptation">climate change adaptation</a> policy, "Resist-Adapt-Direct", was established in 2021. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2012:_Revisiting_Leopold:_Resource_Stewardship_in_the_National_Parks">2012: Revisiting Leopold: Resource Stewardship in the National Parks</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2012: Revisiting Leopold: Resource Stewardship in the National Parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Revisiting_Leopold_NPS_Report.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Revisiting_Leopold_NPS_Report.jpg/220px-Revisiting_Leopold_NPS_Report.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Revisiting_Leopold_NPS_Report.jpg/330px-Revisiting_Leopold_NPS_Report.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Revisiting_Leopold_NPS_Report.jpg/440px-Revisiting_Leopold_NPS_Report.jpg 2x" data-file-width="812" data-file-height="1084" /></a><figcaption>NPS publication that revisits the Leopold Report</figcaption></figure> <p>National Parks director <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Jarvis" title="Jonathan Jarvis">Jonathan Jarvis</a> charged the twelve-member NPS Advisory Board Science Committee to take a fresh look at the ecological issues and make recommendations for updating the original Leopold Report. The committee published their 23-page report in 2012, titled, "Revisiting Leopold: Resource Stewardship in the National Parks".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The report recommended that parks leadership "manage for change while confronting uncertainty." </p> <blockquote><p>"... New and emerging scientific disciplines — including conservation biology, global change science, and genomics — along with new technological tools like high-resolution remote sensing can provide significant information for constructing contemporary tactics for NPS stewardship. This knowledge is essential to a National Park Service that is science-informed at all organizational levels and able to respond with contemporary strategies for resource management and ultimately park stewardship."</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2021:_Resist-Accept-Direct_(RAD):_A_Framework_for_the_21st-century_Natural_Resource_Manager"><span id="2021:_Resist-Accept-Direct_.28RAD.29:_A_Framework_for_the_21st-century_Natural_Resource_Manager"></span>2021: Resist-Accept-Direct (RAD): A Framework for the 21st-century Natural Resource Manager</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2021: Resist-Accept-Direct (RAD): A Framework for the 21st-century Natural Resource Manager"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The "Revisiting Leopold" report mentioned <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> three times and "climate refugia" once, but it did not prescribe or offer any management tactics that could help parks managers with the problems of climate change. Hence, the 2021 report specific to the need for <a href="/wiki/Climate_adaptation" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate adaptation">climate adaptation</a>: "Resist-Accept-Direct (RAD): A Framework for the 21st-century Natural Resource Manager."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This "Natural Resource Report" has ten authors. Among them are four associated with the National Park Service, three with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">US Fish and Wildlife Service</a>, and two with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">US Geological Survey</a> — all of which are government agencies within the US Department of Interior. </p><p>The report's Executive Summary, points to "intensifying global change." </p> <blockquote><p>"... The convention of using baseline conditions to define goals for today's resource management is increasingly untenable, presenting practical and philosophical challenges for managers. As formerly familiar ecological conditions continue to change, bringing novelty, surprise, and uncertainty, natural resource managers require a new, shared approach to make conservation decisions.... The RAD (Resist-Accept-Direct) decision framework has emerged over the past decade as a simple tool that captures the entire decision space for responding to ecosystems facing the potential for rapid, irreversible ecological change."</p></blockquote> <p>Here, the iconic species of <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Tree_National_Park" title="Joshua Tree National Park">Joshua Tree National Park</a> is a leading example. </p><p>The three RAD options<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are: </p> <ul><li><b>Resist</b> the trajectory of change, by working to maintain or restore ecosystem processes, function, structure, or composition based upon historical or acceptable current conditions.</li> <li><b>Accept</b> the trajectory of change, by allowing ecosystem processes, function, structure, or composition to change, without intervening to alter their trajectory.</li> <li><b>Direct</b> the trajectory of change, by actively shaping ecosystem processes, function, structure, or composition towards desired new conditions.</li></ul> <p>The "Resist-Accept-Direct" Framework is first described in a July 2020 paper published in <i>Fisheries</i><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eighteen researchers from federal and state agencies and universities collaborated in this effort, which included short case studies of where and how this framework has already been applied.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_Park_System">National Park System</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: National Park System"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_United_States_National_Park_System_official_units" title="List of the United States National Park System official units">List of the United States National Park System official units</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">List of areas in the United States National Park System</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/African-American_Heritage_Sites" title="African-American Heritage Sites">African-American Heritage Sites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_Heritage_Sites" title="Hispanic Heritage Sites">Hispanic Heritage Sites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Native_American_Heritage_Sites_(National_Park_Service)" title="Native American Heritage Sites (National Park Service)">Native American Heritage Sites (National Park Service)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_history_sites_(National_Park_Service)" title="Women's history sites (National Park Service)">Women's history sites (National Park Service)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Canyon_South_Rim_Sunset.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Grand_Canyon_South_Rim_Sunset.jpeg/220px-Grand_Canyon_South_Rim_Sunset.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Grand_Canyon_South_Rim_Sunset.jpeg/330px-Grand_Canyon_South_Rim_Sunset.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Grand_Canyon_South_Rim_Sunset.jpeg/440px-Grand_Canyon_South_Rim_Sunset.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_National_Park" title="Grand Canyon National Park">Grand Canyon National Park</a>, south rim of canyon.</figcaption></figure> <p>The National Park System includes all properties managed by the National Park Service, which have a wide variety of titles or designations. The system as a whole is considered to be a <a href="/wiki/National_treasure" title="National treasure">national treasure</a> of the United States, and some of the more famous national parks and monuments are sometimes referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Crown_jewels" title="Crown jewels">crown jewels</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The system encompasses approximately 85.1 million acres (0.344 million km<sup>2</sup>), of which 2.6 million acres (0.011 million km<sup>2</sup>) remain in private ownership. The largest unit is <a href="/wiki/Wrangell-St._Elias_National_Park_and_Preserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve">Wrangell–St. Elias National Park and Preserve</a>, Alaska. At 13,200,000 acres (53,000 km<sup>2</sup>), it is over 16 percent of the entire system. The smallest unit in the system is <a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Kosciuszko_National_Memorial" title="Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial">Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, at 0.02 acres (80 m<sup>2</sup>). </p><p>In addition to administering its units and other properties, the NPS also provides technical and financial assistance to several affiliated areas authorized by Congress. The largest affiliated area is <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Pinelands_National_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey Pinelands National Reserve">New Jersey Pinelands National Reserve</a> at 1,164,025 acres (4711 km<sup>2</sup>). The smallest is <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_National_Memorial" title="Benjamin Franklin National Memorial">Benjamin Franklin National Memorial</a> at less than 0.01 acres (40 m<sup>2</sup>). </p><p>While there are laws generally covering all units of the National Park System, they are subject to management policies of individual pieces of authorizing legislation or, in the case of national monuments created under the <a href="/wiki/Antiquities_Act" title="Antiquities Act">Antiquities Act</a>, <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">Executive Order</a>. For example, because of provisions within their enabling legislation, <a href="/wiki/Congaree_National_Park" title="Congaree National Park">Congaree National Park</a> is almost entirely a <a href="/wiki/National_Wilderness_Preservation_System" title="National Wilderness Preservation System">wilderness area</a> devoid of development, yet Yosemite allows unique developments such as the <a href="/wiki/Badger_Pass_Ski_Area" title="Badger Pass Ski Area">Badger Pass Ski Area</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hetch_Hetchy" title="Hetch Hetchy">O'Shaughnessy Dam</a> within its boundaries. Such irregularities would not be found in other parks unless specifically provided for with exceptions by the legislation that created them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holdings">Holdings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Holdings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Type </th> <th colspan="2">Amount (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-director_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-director-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Area of land </td> <td style="text-align:right;">84,000,000 acres </td> <td style="text-align:right;">340,000 km<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Area of oceans, lakes, reservoirs </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,502,644 acres </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,222 km<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Length of perennial rivers and streams </td> <td style="text-align:right;">85,049 mi </td> <td style="text-align:right;">136,873 km </td></tr> <tr> <td>Archeological sites </td> <td colspan="2"><div style="float:right;">68,561</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Length of shoreline </td> <td style="text-align:right;">43,162 mi </td> <td style="text-align:right;">69,463 km </td></tr> <tr> <td>Historic structures </td> <td colspan="2"><div style="float:right;">27,000</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Objects in museum collections </td> <td colspan="2"><div style="float:right;">121,603,193</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Buildings </td> <td colspan="2"><div style="float:right;">21,000</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Trails </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12,250 mi </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19,710 km </td></tr> <tr> <td>Roads </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,500 mi </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,700 km </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criteria">Criteria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Criteria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most NPS units have been established by an act of Congress, with the president confirming the action by signing the act into law. The exception, under the <a href="/wiki/Antiquities_Act" title="Antiquities Act">Antiquities Act</a>, allows the president to designate and protect areas as national monuments by executive order. Regardless of the method used, all parks are to be of national importance.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A potential park should meet all four of the following standards:<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>It is an outstanding example of a particular type of resource.</li> <li>It possesses exceptional value or quality in illustrating or interpreting the natural or cultural themes of the nation's heritage.</li> <li>It offers superlative opportunities for recreation, for public use and enjoyment, or for scientific study.</li> <li>It retains a high degree of integrity as a true, accurate, and relatively unspoiled example of the resource.</li></ul> <p>Before creation of a new unit, Congress typically directs the NPS to conduct a special resource study of a site to determine its national significance and suitability to be part of the National Park System.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NPS uses over 20 different titles for the park units it manages, including <i>national park</i> and <i>national monument</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-NPSAboutus_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPSAboutus-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Classifications (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Number (2024) </th> <th>Area (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Visitors (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-:3_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_United_States" title="List of national parks of the United States">National Park</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">63</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">52,520,984.26 acres (212,545 km<sup>2</sup>)</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">92,390,204</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_monument_(United_States)" title="National monument (United States)">National Monument</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">87</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">1,993,636.12 acres (8,068 km<sup>2</sup>)</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">13,786,614</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Lakeshore" class="mw-redirect" title="National Lakeshore">National Lakeshore</a> (3) and <a href="/wiki/National_Seashore" class="mw-redirect" title="National Seashore">National Seashore</a> (10) </td> <td><div style="float:right;">13</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">810,799.10 acres (3,281 km<sup>2</sup>)</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">25,763,241</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Memorial_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Memorial (United States)">National Memorial</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">31</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">10,499.77 acres (42 km<sup>2</sup>)</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">41,152,084</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Preserve" class="mw-redirect" title="National Preserve">National Preserve</a> (19) and National Reserve (2) </td> <td><div style="float:right;">21</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">24,617,971.50 acres (99,625 km<sup>2</sup>)</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">5,168,136</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Recreation_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="National Recreation Area">National Recreation Area</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">18</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">3,710,771.17 acres (15,017 km<sup>2</sup>)</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">51,443,904</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_River" class="mw-redirect" title="National River">National River</a> (4) and <a href="/wiki/National_Wild_and_Scenic_River" class="mw-redirect" title="National Wild and Scenic River">National Wild and Scenic River</a> (10) </td> <td><div style="float:right;">14</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">696,717.08 acres (2,820 km<sup>2</sup>)</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">5,570,302</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Parkway" title="National Parkway">National Parkway</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">4</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">183,952.75 acres (744 km<sup>2</sup>)</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">32,316,093</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Historical_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historical Park">National Historical Park</a> (63), <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Site_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Site (United States)">National Historic Site</a> (76), and <a href="/wiki/International_Historic_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="International Historic Site">International Historic Site</a> (1) </td> <td><div style="float:right;">140</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">231,558.77 acres (937 km<sup>2</sup>)</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">35,738,635</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Military_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="National Military Park">National Military Park</a> (9), <a href="/wiki/National_Battlefield_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="National Battlefield Park">National Battlefield Park</a> (4), <a href="/wiki/National_Battlefield_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="National Battlefield Site">National Battlefield Site</a> (1), and <a href="/wiki/National_Battlefield" class="mw-redirect" title="National Battlefield">National Battlefield</a> (11) </td> <td><div style="float:right;">25</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">85,009.53 acres (344 km<sup>2</sup>)</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">8,568,423</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Scenic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Scenic Trail">National Scenic Trail</a> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">6</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">255,177.96 acres (1,033 km<sup>2</sup>)</div> </td> <td>Not available </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other Designations </td> <td><div style="float:right;">11</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">38,889.24 acres (157 km<sup>2</sup>)</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">7,619,103</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Totals </td> <td><div style="float:right;">433</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">85,155,967.25 acres (344,614 km<sup>2</sup>)</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">319,516,739</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_United_States" title="List of national parks of the United States">National parks</a></b> preserve nationally and globally significant scenic areas and nature reserves. </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_parks_of_the_United_States206" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#bbeb85;;background:#abdb75;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_parks_of_the_United_States" title="Template:National parks of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_parks_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:National parks of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_parks_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National parks of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_parks_of_the_United_States206" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_United_States" title="List of national parks of the United States">National parks of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#bbeb85;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_United_States" title="List of national parks of the United States">List of national parks of the United States</a> (by <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_United_States_by_elevation" title="List of national parks of the United States by elevation">elevation</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadia_National_Park" title="Acadia National Park">Acadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_of_American_Samoa" title="National Park of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arches_National_Park" title="Arches National Park">Arches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badlands_National_Park" title="Badlands National Park">Badlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bend_National_Park" title="Big Bend National Park">Big Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscayne_National_Park" title="Biscayne National Park">Biscayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Canyon_of_the_Gunnison_National_Park" title="Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park">Black Canyon of the Gunnison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryce_Canyon_National_Park" title="Bryce Canyon National Park">Bryce Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyonlands_National_Park" title="Canyonlands National Park">Canyonlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Reef_National_Park" title="Capitol Reef National Park">Capitol Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park" title="Carlsbad Caverns National Park">Carlsbad Caverns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_National_Park" title="Channel Islands National Park">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congaree_National_Park" title="Congaree National Park">Congaree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crater_Lake_National_Park" title="Crater Lake National Park">Crater Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_Valley_National_Park" title="Cuyahoga Valley National Park">Cuyahoga Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley_National_Park" title="Death Valley National Park">Death Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denali_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Denali National Park and Preserve">Denali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_Tortugas_National_Park" title="Dry Tortugas National Park">Dry Tortugas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everglades_National_Park" title="Everglades National Park">Everglades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gates_of_the_Arctic_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve">Gates of the Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Arch_National_Park" title="Gateway Arch National Park">Gateway Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier_National_Park_(U.S.)" title="Glacier National Park (U.S.)">Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier_Bay_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve">Glacier Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_National_Park" title="Grand Canyon National Park">Grand Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Teton_National_Park" title="Grand Teton National Park">Grand Teton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Basin_National_Park" title="Great Basin National Park">Great Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Sand_Dunes_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve">Great Sand Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park" title="Great Smoky Mountains National Park">Great Smoky Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Mountains_National_Park" title="Guadalupe Mountains National Park">Guadalupe Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haleakal%C4%81_National_Park" title="Haleakalā National Park">Haleakalā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawai%CA%BBi_Volcanoes_National_Park" title="Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park">Hawaiʻi Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Springs_National_Park" title="Hot Springs National Park">Hot Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Dunes_National_Park" title="Indiana Dunes National Park">Indiana Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_Royale_National_Park" title="Isle Royale National Park">Isle Royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Tree_National_Park" title="Joshua Tree National Park">Joshua Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katmai_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Katmai National Park and Preserve">Katmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenai_Fjords_National_Park" title="Kenai Fjords National Park">Kenai Fjords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_Canyon_National_Park" title="Kings Canyon National Park">Kings Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobuk_Valley_National_Park" title="Kobuk Valley National Park">Kobuk Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Clark_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Lake Clark National Park and Preserve">Lake Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lassen_Volcanic_National_Park" title="Lassen Volcanic National Park">Lassen Volcanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammoth_Cave_National_Park" title="Mammoth Cave National Park">Mammoth Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa_Verde_National_Park" title="Mesa Verde National Park">Mesa Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rainier_National_Park" title="Mount Rainier National Park">Mount Rainier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_River_Gorge_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="New River Gorge National Park and Preserve">New River Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Cascades_National_Park" title="North Cascades National Park">North Cascades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_National_Park" title="Olympic National Park">Olympic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrified_Forest_National_Park" title="Petrified Forest National Park">Petrified Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinnacles_National_Park" title="Pinnacles National Park">Pinnacles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwood_National_and_State_Parks" title="Redwood National and State Parks">Redwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_National_Park" title="Rocky Mountain National Park">Rocky Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguaro_National_Park" title="Saguaro National Park">Saguaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequoia_National_Park" title="Sequoia National Park">Sequoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_National_Park" title="Shenandoah National Park">Shenandoah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_National_Park" title="Theodore Roosevelt National Park">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands_National_Park" title="Virgin Islands National Park">Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyageurs_National_Park" title="Voyageurs National Park">Voyageurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sands_National_Park" title="White Sands National Park">White Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_Cave_National_Park" title="Wind Cave National Park">Wind Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrangell%E2%80%93St._Elias_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Wrangell–St. Elias National Park and Preserve">Wrangell–St. Elias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zion_National_Park" title="Zion National Park">Zion</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div class="noviewer" style="position: relative;"> <div style="position: absolute; left: 276px; top: 28px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Acadia_National_Park" title="Acadia National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 70px; top: 74px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arches_National_Park" title="Arches National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 115px; top: 40px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Badlands_National_Park" title="Badlands National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 103px; top: 140px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Big_Bend_National_Park" title="Big Bend National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 240px; top: 161px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Biscayne_National_Park" title="Biscayne National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 83px; top: 73px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Black_Canyon_of_the_Gunnison_National_Park" title="Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 60px; top: 79px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bryce_Canyon_National_Park" title="Bryce Canyon National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 75px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canyonlands_National_Park" title="Canyonlands National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 64px; top: 74px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Reef_National_Park" title="Capitol Reef National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 96px; top: 117px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park" title="Carlsbad Caverns National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 14px; top: 95px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_National_Park" title="Channel Islands National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 230px; top: 111px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Congaree_National_Park" title="Congaree National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 18px; top: 35px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Crater_Lake_National_Park" title="Crater Lake National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 216px; top: 56px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_Valley_National_Park" title="Cuyahoga Valley National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 29px; top: 82px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley_National_Park" title="Death Valley National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 30px; top: 144px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denali_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Denali National Park and Preserve"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 223px; top: 168px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dry_Tortugas_National_Park" title="Dry Tortugas National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 235px; top: 165px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Everglades_National_Park" title="Everglades National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 135px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gates_of_the_Arctic_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 175px; top: 83px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Arch_National_Park" title="Gateway Arch National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 67px; top: 9px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Glacier_National_Park_(U.S.)" title="Glacier National Park (U.S.)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 49px; top: 159px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Glacier_Bay_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 55px; top: 90px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_National_Park" title="Grand Canyon National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 76px; top: 45px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Teton_National_Park" title="Grand Teton National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 45px; top: 65px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Great_Basin_National_Park" title="Great Basin National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 95px; top: 82px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Great_Sand_Dunes_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 213px; top: 99px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park" title="Great Smoky Mountains National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 94px; top: 126px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Mountains_National_Park" title="Guadalupe Mountains National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 90px; top: 160px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Haleakal%C4%81_National_Park" title="Haleakalā National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 100px; top: 167px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hawai%CA%BBi_Volcanoes_National_Park" title="Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 160px; top: 106px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hot_Springs_National_Park" title="Hot Springs National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 192px; top: 60px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Dunes_National_Park" title="Indiana Dunes National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 178px; top: 14px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Isle_Royale_National_Park" title="Isle Royale National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 34px; top: 100px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Tree_National_Park" title="Joshua Tree National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 25px; top: 163px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Katmai_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Katmai National Park and Preserve"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 33px; top: 162px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kenai_Fjords_National_Park" title="Kenai Fjords National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 22px; top: 75px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kings_Canyon_National_Park" title="Kings Canyon National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 24px; top: 135px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kobuk_Valley_National_Park" title="Kobuk Valley National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 25px; top: 158px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Clark_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Lake Clark National Park and Preserve"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 16px; top: 50px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lassen_Volcanic_National_Park" title="Lassen Volcanic National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 198px; top: 85px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mammoth_Cave_National_Park" title="Mammoth Cave National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 78px; top: 82px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mesa_Verde_National_Park" title="Mesa Verde National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 27px; top: 11px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rainier_National_Park" title="Mount Rainier National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 224px; top: 79px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_River_Gorge_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="New River Gorge National Park and Preserve"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 30px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Cascades_National_Park" title="North Cascades National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 18px; top: 4px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_National_Park" title="Olympic National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 65px; top: 98px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Petrified_Forest_National_Park" title="Petrified Forest National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 12px; top: 75px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pinnacles_National_Park" title="Pinnacles National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 07px; top: 48px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Redwood_National_and_State_Parks" title="Redwood National and State Parks"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 97px; top: 70px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_National_Park" title="Rocky Mountain National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 61px; top: 111px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saguaro_National_Park" title="Saguaro National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 22px; top: 75px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sequoia_National_Park" title="Sequoia National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 236px; top: 75px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_National_Park" title="Shenandoah National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 113px; top: 21px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_National_Park" title="Theodore Roosevelt National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 280px; top: 170px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands_National_Park" title="Virgin Islands National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/7px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/11px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/14px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 155px; top: 18px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Voyageurs_National_Park" title="Voyageurs National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 87px; top: 117px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/White_Sands_National_Park" title="White Sands National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 107px; top: 47px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wind_Cave_National_Park" title="Wind Cave National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 44px; top: 155px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wrangell%E2%80%93St._Elias_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Wrangell–St. Elias National Park and Preserve"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 76px; top: 39px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 14px; top: 74px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 49px; top: 82px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zion_National_Park" title="Zion National Park"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Locator_Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/US_Locator_Blank.svg/289px-US_Locator_Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="289" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/US_Locator_Blank.svg/434px-US_Locator_Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/US_Locator_Blank.svg/578px-US_Locator_Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="186" /></a></span></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/National_monument_(United_States)" title="National monument (United States)">National monuments</a></b> preserve a single unique cultural or natural feature. <a href="/wiki/Devils_Tower_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Devils Tower National Monument">Devils Tower National Monument</a> was the first in 1906. While the National Park Service holds the most national monuments, a monument may be managed or co-managed by a different entity such as the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management</a> or the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">Forest Service</a>. </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_monuments_of_the_United_States492" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;;background:#abdb75;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Monuments_of_the_United_States" title="Template:National Monuments of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Monuments_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:National Monuments of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Monuments_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Monuments of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_monuments_of_the_United_States492" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_monument_(United_States)" title="National monument (United States)">National monuments of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Park Service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Burial_Ground_National_Monument" title="African Burial Ground National Monument">African Burial Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agate_Fossil_Beds_National_Monument" title="Agate Fossil Beds National Monument">Agate Fossil Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alibates_Flint_Quarries_National_Monument" title="Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument">Alibates Flint Quarries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aniakchak_National_Monument_and_Preserve" title="Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve">Aniakchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Ruins_National_Monument" title="Aztec Ruins National Monument">Aztec Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandelier_National_Monument" title="Bandelier National Monument">Bandelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont%E2%80%93Paul_Women%27s_Equality_National_Monument" title="Belmont–Paul Women's Equality National Monument">Belmont-Paul Women's Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Civil_Rights_National_Monument" title="Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument">Birmingham Civil Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington_National_Monument" title="Booker T. Washington National Monument">Booker T. Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buck_Island_Reef_National_Monument" title="Buck Island Reef National Monument">Buck Island Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabrillo_National_Monument" title="Cabrillo National Monument">Cabrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Nelson_National_Monument" title="Camp Nelson National Monument">Camp Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon_de_Chelly_National_Monument" title="Canyon de Chelly National Monument">Canyon de Chelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Krusenstern_National_Monument" title="Cape Krusenstern National Monument">Cape Krusenstern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capulin_Volcano_National_Monument" title="Capulin Volcano National Monument">Capulin Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Indian_Industrial_School" title="Carlisle Indian Industrial School">Carlisle Federal Indian Boarding School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Grande_Ruins_National_Monument" title="Casa Grande Ruins National Monument">Casa Grande Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castillo_de_San_Marcos" title="Castillo de San Marcos">Castillo de San Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Clinton" title="Castle Clinton">Castle Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Mountains_National_Monument" title="Castle Mountains National Monument">Castle Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Breaks_National_Monument" title="Cedar Breaks National Monument">Cedar Breaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_E._Ch%C3%A1vez_National_Monument" title="César E. Chávez National Monument">César E. Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Young_Buffalo_Soldiers_National_Monument" title="Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers National Monument">Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiricahua_National_Monument" title="Chiricahua National Monument">Chiricahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_National_Monument" title="Colorado National Monument">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craters_of_the_Moon_National_Monument_and_Preserve" title="Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve">Craters of the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devils_Postpile_National_Monument" title="Devils Postpile National Monument">Devils Postpile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devils_Tower" title="Devils Tower">Devils Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_National_Monument" title="Dinosaur National Monument">Dinosaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effigy_Mounds_National_Monument" title="Effigy Mounds National Monument">Effigy Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Malpais_National_Monument" title="El Malpais National Monument">El Malpais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Morro_National_Monument" title="El Morro National Monument">El Morro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till_and_Mamie_Till-Mobley_National_Monument" title="Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument">Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florissant_Fossil_Beds_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument">Florissant Fossil Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Frederica_National_Monument" title="Fort Frederica National Monument">Fort Frederica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Matanzas_National_Monument" title="Fort Matanzas National Monument">Fort Matanzas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_McHenry" title="Fort McHenry">Fort McHenry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Monroe" title="Fort Monroe">Fort Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Pulaski_National_Monument" title="Fort Pulaski National Monument">Fort Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Stanwix" title="Fort Stanwix">Fort Stanwix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Union_National_Monument" title="Fort Union National Monument">Fort Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_Butte_National_Monument" title="Fossil Butte National Monument">Fossil Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Perkins_National_Monument" title="Frances Perkins National Monument">Frances Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Riders_National_Monument" title="Freedom Riders National Monument">Freedom Riders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Birthplace_National_Monument" title="George Washington Birthplace National Monument">George Washington Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Carver_National_Monument" title="George Washington Carver National Monument">George Washington Carver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gila_Cliff_Dwellings_National_Monument" title="Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument">Gila Cliff Dwellings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governors_Island_National_Monument" title="Governors Island National Monument">Governors Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Portage_National_Monument" title="Grand Portage National Monument">Grand Portage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagerman_Fossil_Beds_National_Monument" title="Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument">Hagerman Fossil Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohokam_Pima_National_Monument" title="Hohokam Pima National Monument">Hohokam Pima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovenweep_National_Monument" title="Hovenweep National Monument">Hovenweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewel_Cave_National_Monument" title="Jewel Cave National Monument">Jewel Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Day_Fossil_Beds_National_Monument" title="John Day Fossil Beds National Monument">John Day Fossil Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katahdin_Woods_and_Waters_National_Monument" title="Katahdin Woods and Waters National Monument">Katahdin Woods and Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_Beds_National_Monument" title="Lava Beds National Monument">Lava Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Bighorn_Battlefield_National_Monument" title="Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument">Little Bighorn Battlefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medgar_and_Myrlie_Evers_Home_National_Monument" title="Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument">Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Springs_Battlefield_National_Monument" title="Mill Springs Battlefield National Monument">Mill Springs Battlefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montezuma_Castle_National_Monument" title="Montezuma Castle National Monument">Montezuma Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muir_Woods_National_Monument" title="Muir Woods National Monument">Muir Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Bridges_National_Monument" title="Natural Bridges National Monument">Natural Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_National_Monument" title="Navajo National Monument">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Caves_National_Monument_and_Preserve" title="Oregon Caves National Monument and Preserve">Oregon Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_Pipe_Cactus_National_Monument" title="Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument">Organ Pipe Cactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroglyph_National_Monument" title="Petroglyph National Monument">Petroglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_Spring_National_Monument" title="Pipe Spring National Monument">Pipe Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipestone_National_Monument" title="Pipestone National Monument">Pipestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_Point" title="Poverty Point">Poverty Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Bridge_National_Monument" title="Rainbow Bridge National Monument">Rainbow Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Cave_National_Monument" title="Russell Cave National Monument">Russell Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinas_Pueblo_Missions_National_Monument" title="Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument">Salinas Pueblo Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotts_Bluff_National_Monument" title="Scotts Bluff National Monument">Scotts Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_1908_Race_Riot_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield 1908 Race Riot National Monument">Springfield 1908 Race Riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty_National_Monument" title="Statue of Liberty National Monument">Statue of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_National_Monument" title="Stonewall National Monument">Stonewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Crater" title="Sunset Crater">Sunset Crater Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timpanogos_Cave_National_Monument" title="Timpanogos Cave National Monument">Timpanogos Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonto_National_Monument" title="Tonto National Monument">Tonto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tule_Lake_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Tule Lake National Monument">Tule Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tule_Springs_Fossil_Beds_National_Monument" title="Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument">Tule Springs Fossil Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuzigoot_National_Monument" title="Tuzigoot National Monument">Tuzigoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands_Coral_Reef_National_Monument" title="Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument">Virgin Islands Coral Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waco_Mammoth_National_Monument" title="Waco Mammoth National Monument">Waco Mammoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_Canyon_National_Monument" title="Walnut Canyon National Monument">Walnut Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wupatki_National_Monument" title="Wupatki National Monument">Wupatki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucca_House_National_Monument" title="Yucca House National Monument">Yucca House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/US_Forest_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="US Forest Service">US Forest Service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Island_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiralty Island National Monument">Admiralty Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baaj_Nwaavjo_I%27tah_Kukveni_%E2%80%93_Ancestral_Footprints_of_the_Grand_Canyon_National_Monument" title="Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon National Monument">Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bears_Ears_National_Monument" title="Bears Ears National Monument">Bears Ears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berryessa_Snow_Mountain_National_Monument" title="Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument">Berryessa Snow Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browns_Canyon_National_Monument" title="Browns Canyon National Monument">Browns Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Hale" title="Camp Hale">Camp Hale – Continental Divide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimney_Rock_National_Monument" title="Chimney Rock National Monument">Chimney Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_Sequoia_National_Monument" title="Giant Sequoia National Monument">Giant Sequoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gila_Cliff_Dwellings_National_Monument" title="Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument">Gila Cliff Dwellings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misty_Fjords_National_Monument" title="Misty Fjords National Monument">Misty Fjords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_St._Helens_National_Volcanic_Monument" title="Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument">Mount St. Helens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newberry_National_Volcanic_Monument" title="Newberry National Volcanic Monument">Newberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_Dam_Disaster_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Francis Dam Disaster National Monument">Saint Francis Dam Disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Mountains_National_Monument" title="San Gabriel Mountains National Monument">San Gabriel Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_to_Snow_National_Monument" title="Sand to Snow National Monument">Sand to Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_and_San_Jacinto_Mountains_National_Monument" title="Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument">Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1tt%C3%ADtla_Highlands_National_Monument" title="Sáttítla Highlands National Monument">Sáttítla Highlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of<br />Land Management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agua_Fria_National_Monument" title="Agua Fria National Monument">Agua Fria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avi_Kwa_Ame_National_Monument" title="Avi Kwa Ame National Monument">Avi Kwa Ame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baaj_Nwaavjo_I%27tah_Kukveni_%E2%80%93_Ancestral_Footprints_of_the_Grand_Canyon_National_Monument" title="Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon National Monument">Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basin_and_Range_National_Monument" title="Basin and Range National Monument">Basin and Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bears_Ears_National_Monument" title="Bears Ears National Monument">Bears Ears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berryessa_Snow_Mountain_National_Monument" title="Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument">Berryessa Snow Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browns_Canyon_National_Monument" title="Browns Canyon National Monument">Browns Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Coastal_National_Monument" title="California Coastal National Monument">California Coastal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyons_of_the_Ancients_National_Monument" title="Canyons of the Ancients National Monument">Canyons of the Ancients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrizo_Plain" title="Carrizo Plain">Carrizo Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade%E2%80%93Siskiyou_National_Monument" title="Cascade–Siskiyou National Monument">Cascade–Siskiyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuckwalla_National_Monument" title="Chuckwalla National Monument">Chuckwalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craters_of_the_Moon_National_Monument_and_Preserve" title="Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve">Craters of the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ord_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Ord National Monument">Fort Ord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Butte_National_Monument" title="Gold Butte National Monument">Gold Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon%E2%80%93Parashant_National_Monument" title="Grand Canyon–Parashant National Monument">Grand Canyon–Parashant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Staircase%E2%80%93Escalante_National_Monument" title="Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument">Grand Staircase–Escalante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ironwood_Forest_National_Monument" title="Ironwood Forest National Monument">Ironwood Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_National_Monument" title="Jurassic National Monument">Jurassic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasha-Katuwe_Tent_Rocks_National_Monument" title="Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument">Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Trails_National_Monument" title="Mojave Trails National Monument">Mojave Trails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_Mountains%E2%80%93Desert_Peaks_National_Monument" title="Organ Mountains–Desert Peaks National Monument">Organ Mountains–Desert Peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeys_Pillar_National_Monument" title="Pompeys Pillar National Monument">Pompeys Pillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Trackways_National_Monument" title="Prehistoric Trackways National Monument">Prehistoric Trackways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_del_Norte_National_Monument" title="Rio Grande del Norte National Monument">Río Grande del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Islands_National_Monument" title="San Juan Islands National Monument">San Juan Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_to_Snow_National_Monument" title="Sand to Snow National Monument">Sand to Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_and_San_Jacinto_Mountains_National_Monument" title="Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument">Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoran_Desert_National_Monument" title="Sonoran Desert National Monument">Sonoran Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Missouri_River_Breaks_National_Monument" title="Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument">Upper Missouri River Breaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermilion_Cliffs_National_Monument" title="Vermilion Cliffs National Monument">Vermilion Cliffs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%">Other (<a href="/wiki/Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish and Wildlife Service">FWS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Energy">DOE</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Retirement_Home" title="Armed Forces Retirement Home">AFRH</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">USAF</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_World_War_II_National_Monument" title="Aleutian Islands World War II National Monument">Aleutian Islands World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Indian_Industrial_School" title="Carlisle Indian Industrial School">Carlisle Federal Indian Boarding School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castner_Range_National_Monument" title="Castner Range National Monument">Castner Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanford_Reach_National_Monument" title="Hanford Reach National Monument">Hanford Reach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman_Underground_Railroad_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Monument">Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianas_Trench_Marine_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Marianas Trench Marine National Monument">Marianas Trench Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Working_Dog_Teams_National_Monument" title="Military Working Dog Teams National Monument">Military Working Dog Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Canyons_and_Seamounts_Marine_National_Monument" title="Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument">Northeast Canyons and Seamounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Heritage_Marine_National_Monument" title="Pacific Islands Heritage Marine National Monument">Pacific Islands Heritage Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papah%C4%81naumoku%C4%81kea_Marine_National_Monument" title="Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument">Papahānaumokuākea Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Lincoln%27s_Cottage_at_the_Soldiers%27_Home" title="President Lincoln's Cottage at the Soldiers' Home">President Lincoln's Cottage at the Soldiers' Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Atoll_Marine_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Rose Atoll Marine National Monument">Rose Atoll Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tule_Lake_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Tule Lake National Monument">Tule Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;"><div><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_monuments_of_the_United_States" title="List of national monuments of the United States">Full Detailed List</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/National_preserve" title="National preserve">National preserves</a></b> are for the protection of certain resources and operate similar to many National Parks, but allow limited resource extraction. Activities like hunting, fishing, and some mining may be allowed depending on the site. <a href="/wiki/Big_Cypress_National_Preserve" title="Big Cypress National Preserve">Big Cypress National Preserve</a> and <a href="/wiki/Big_Thicket" title="Big Thicket">Big Thicket National Preserve</a> were created in 1974 as the first national preserves. </p><p><b>National reserves</b> are similar to national preserves, but the operational authority can be placed with a state or local government. <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Pinelands_National_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey Pinelands National Reserve">New Jersey Pinelands National Reserve</a> was the first to be established in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Custom_House_-_Salem,_Massachusetts.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Custom_House_-_Salem%2C_Massachusetts.JPG/220px-Custom_House_-_Salem%2C_Massachusetts.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Custom_House_-_Salem%2C_Massachusetts.JPG/330px-Custom_House_-_Salem%2C_Massachusetts.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Custom_House_-_Salem%2C_Massachusetts.JPG/440px-Custom_House_-_Salem%2C_Massachusetts.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Customs House at the <a href="/wiki/Salem_Maritime_National_Historic_Site" title="Salem Maritime National Historic Site">Salem Maritime National Historic Site</a> in <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Massachusetts" title="Salem, Massachusetts">Salem, Massachusetts</a></figcaption></figure><p><b><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Sites (United States)">National historic sites</a></b> protect a significant cultural resource that is not a complicated site. </p><p><b>National historical parks</b> are larger areas with more complex subjects. Historic sites may also be protected in other unit types. </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Historical_Parks_of_the_United_States164" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#CDB298;;background:#C5A788;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Historical_Parks_of_the_United_States" title="Template:National Historical Parks of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Historical_Parks_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:National Historical Parks of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Historical_Parks_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Historical Parks of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Historical_Parks_of_the_United_States164" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Historical_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historical Park">National Historical Parks</a> of the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Birthplace_National_Historical_Park" title="Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park">Abraham Lincoln Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_National_Historical_Park" title="Adams National Historical Park">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appomattox_Court_House_National_Historical_Park" title="Appomattox Court House National Historical Park">Appomattox Court House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackstone_River_Valley_National_Historical_Park" title="Blackstone River Valley National Historical Park">Blackstone River Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_National_Historical_Park" title="Boston National Historical Park">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education_National_Historical_Park" title="Brown v. Board of Education National Historical Park">Brown v. Board of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cane_River_Creole_National_Historical_Park" title="Cane River Creole National Historical Park">Cane River Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Creek_and_Belle_Grove_National_Historical_Park" title="Cedar Creek and Belle Grove National Historical Park">Cedar Creek and Belle Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaco_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Chaco Culture National Historical Park">Chaco Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_and_Ohio_Canal_National_Historical_Park" title="Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park">Chesapeake and Ohio Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_National_Historical_Park" title="Colonial National Historical Park">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Gap_National_Historical_Park" title="Cumberland Gap National Historical Park">Cumberland Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Aviation_Heritage_National_Historical_Park" title="Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park">Dayton Aviation Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_State_National_Historical_Park" title="First State National Historical Park">First State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Sumter_and_Fort_Moultrie_National_Historical_Park" title="Fort Sumter and Fort Moultrie National Historical Park">Fort Sumter and Fort Moultrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark_National_Historical_Park" title="George Rogers Clark National Historical Park">George Rogers Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Spike_National_Historical_Park" title="Golden Spike National Historical Park">Golden Spike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpers_Ferry_National_Historical_Park" title="Harpers Ferry National Historical Park">Harpers Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman_National_Historical_Park" title="Harriet Tubman National Historical Park">Harriet Tubman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman_Underground_Railroad_National_Historical_Park" title="Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Historical Park">Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_National_Historical_Park" title="Homestead National Historical Park">Homestead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Hopewell Culture National Historical Park">Hopewell Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_National_Historical_Park" title="Independence National Historical Park">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lafitte_National_Historical_Park_and_Preserve" title="Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve">Jean Lafitte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_National_Historical_Park" title="Jimmy Carter National Historical Park">Jimmy Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaupapa_National_Historical_Park" title="Kalaupapa National Historical Park">Kalaupapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaloko-Honok%C5%8Dhau_National_Historical_Park" title="Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park">Kaloko-Honokōhau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keweenaw_National_Historical_Park" title="Keweenaw National Historical Park">Keweenaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klondike_Gold_Rush_National_Historical_Park" title="Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park">Klondike Gold Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_National_Historical_Park" title="Lewis and Clark National Historical Park">Lewis and Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_National_Historical_Park" title="Lowell National Historical Park">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_National_Historical_Park" title="Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project_National_Historical_Park" title="Manhattan Project National Historical Park">Manhattan Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller_National_Historical_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park">Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._National_Historical_Park" title="Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minute_Man_National_Historical_Park" title="Minute Man National Historical Park">Minute Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morristown_National_Historical_Park" title="Morristown National Historical Park">Morristown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natchez_National_Historical_Park" title="Natchez National Historical Park">Natchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Bedford_Whaling_National_Historical_Park" title="New Bedford Whaling National Historical Park">New Bedford Whaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Jazz_National_Historical_Park" title="New Orleans Jazz National Historical Park">New Orleans Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nez_Perce_National_Historical_Park" title="Nez Perce National Historical Park">Nez Perce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocmulgee_Mounds_National_Historical_Park" title="Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park">Ocmulgee Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto_Battlefield_National_Historical_Park" title="Palo Alto Battlefield National Historical Park">Palo Alto Battlefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paterson_Great_Falls_National_Historical_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Paterson Great Falls National Historical Park">Paterson Great Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecos_National_Historical_Park" title="Pecos National Historical Park">Pecos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pullman_National_Historical_Park" title="Pullman National Historical Park">Pullman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%CA%BBuhonua_o_H%C5%8Dnaunau_National_Historical_Park" title="Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park">Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Era_National_Historical_Park" title="Reconstruction Era National Historical Park">Reconstruction Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosie_the_Riveter_World_War_II_Home_Front_National_Historical_Park" title="Rosie the Riveter World War II Home Front National Historical Park">Rosie the Riveter World War II Home Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gaudens_National_Historical_Park" title="Saint-Gaudens National Historical Park">Saint-Gaudens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_River_Bay_National_Historical_Park_and_Ecological_Preserve" title="Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve">Salt River Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_Missions_National_Historical_Park" title="San Antonio Missions National Historical Park">San Antonio Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Maritime_National_Historical_Park" title="San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park">San Francisco Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Island_National_Historical_Park" title="San Juan Island National Historical Park">San Juan Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_National_Historical_Park" title="Saratoga National Historical Park">Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitka_National_Historical_Park" title="Sitka National Historical Park">Sitka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ste._Genevieve_National_Historical_Park" title="Ste. Genevieve National Historical Park">Ste. Genevieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison_National_Historical_Park" title="Thomas Edison National Historical Park">Thomas Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumac%C3%A1cori_National_Historical_Park" title="Tumacácori National Historical Park">Tumacácori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge_National_Historical_Park" title="Valley Forge National Historical Park">Valley Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Pacific_National_Historical_Park" title="War in the Pacific National Historical Park">War in the Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weir_Farm_National_Historical_Park" title="Weir Farm National Historical Park">Weir Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Rights_National_Historical_Park" title="Women's Rights National Historical Park">Women's Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div style="position: relative;"> <div style="position: absolute; left: 200px; top: 87px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Birthplace_National_Historical_Park" title="Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 266px; top: 46px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Adams_National_Historical_Park" title="Adams National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 234px; top: 87px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Appomattox_Court_House_National_Historical_Park" title="Appomattox Court House National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 265px; top: 42px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Blackstone_River_Valley_National_Historical_Park" title="Blackstone River Valley National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 268px; top: 46px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Boston_National_Historical_Park" title="Boston National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 140px; top: 84px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education_National_Historical_Park" title="Brown v. Board of Education National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 160px; top: 138px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Cane_River_Creole_National_Historical_Park" title="Cane River Creole National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 236px; top: 84px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Creek_and_Belle_Grove_National_Historical_Park" title="Cedar Creek and Belle Grove National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 81px; top: 101px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Chaco_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Chaco Culture National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 238px; top: 77px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_and_Ohio_Canal_National_Historical_Park" title="Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 250px; top: 88px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Colonial_National_Historical_Park" title="Colonial National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 211px; top: 98px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Gap_National_Historical_Park" title="Cumberland Gap National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 207px; top: 75px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Aviation_Heritage_National_Historical_Park" title="Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 190px; top: 88px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark_National_Historical_Park" title="George Rogers Clark National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 62px; top: 56px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Spike_National_Historical_Park" title="Golden Spike National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 237px; top: 75px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Harpers_Ferry_National_Historical_Park" title="Harpers Ferry National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 240px; top: 43px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman_National_Historical_Park" title="Harriet Tubman National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 248px; top: 75px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman_Underground_Railroad_National_Historical_Park" title="Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 136px; top: 70px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Homestead_National_Historical_Park" title="Homestead National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 210px; top: 81px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Hopewell Culture National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 246px; top: 68px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Independence_National_Historical_Park" title="Independence National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 175px; top: 146px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lafitte_National_Historical_Park_and_Preserve" title="Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 213px; top: 124px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_National_Historical_Park" title="Jimmy Carter National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 88px; top: 165px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Kalaupapa_National_Historical_Park" title="Kalaupapa National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 98px; top: 175px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Honok%C5%8Dhau_Settlement_and_Kaloko-Honok%C5%8Dhau_National_Historical_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Honokōhau Settlement and Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 179px; top: 27px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Keweenaw_National_Historical_Park" title="Keweenaw National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 48px; top: 167px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Klondike_Gold_Rush_National_Historical_Park" title="Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 15px; top: 18px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_National_and_State_Historical_Parks" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis and Clark National and State Historical Parks"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 264px; top: 50px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Lowell_National_Historical_Park" title="Lowell National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 129px; top: 145px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_National_Historical_Park" title="Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 255px; top: 44px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller_National_Historical_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 211px; top: 110px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._National_Historical_Park" title="Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 265px; top: 50px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Minute_Man_National_Historical_Park" title="Minute Man National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 252px; top: 65px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Morristown_National_Historical_Park" title="Morristown National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 171px; top: 133px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Natchez_National_Historical_Park" title="Natchez National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 268px; top: 54px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/New_Bedford_Whaling_National_Historical_Park" title="New Bedford Whaling National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 175px; top: 146px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Jazz_National_Historical_Park" title="New Orleans Jazz National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 53px; top: 36px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Nez_Perce_National_Historical_Park" title="Nez Perce National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 215px; top: 120px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Ocmulgee_Mounds_National_Historical_Park" title="Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 136px; top: 168px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto_Battlefield_National_Historical_Park" title="Palo Alto Battlefield National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 254px; top: 64px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Paterson_Great_Falls_National_Historical_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Paterson Great Falls National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 90px; top: 110px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Pecos_National_Historical_Park" title="Pecos National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 96px; top: 176px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Pu%CA%BBuhonua_o_H%C5%8Dnaunau_National_Historical_Park" title="Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 230px; top: 116px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Era_National_Historical_Park" title="Reconstruction Era National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 7px; top: 78px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Rosie_the_Riveter/World_War_II_Home_Front_National_Historical_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 260px; top: 32px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gaudens_National_Historical_Park" title="Saint-Gaudens National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 128px; top: 150px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_Missions_National_Historical_Park" title="San Antonio Missions National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 5px; top: 78px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Maritime_National_Historical_Park" title="San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 22px; top: 3px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Island_National_Historical_Park" title="San Juan Island National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 250px; top: 48px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_National_Historical_Park" title="Saratoga National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 54px; top: 174px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Sitka_National_Historical_Park" title="Sitka National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 175px; top: 84px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Ste._Genevieve_National_Historical_Park" title="Ste. Genevieve National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 254px; top: 60px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison_National_Historical_Park" title="Thomas Edison National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 60px; top: 125px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Tumac%C3%A1cori_National_Historical_Park" title="Tumacácori National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 246px; top: 68px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge_National_Historical_Park" title="Valley Forge National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 258px; top: 50px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Weir_Farm_National_Historical_Park" title="Weir Farm National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 237px; top: 50px; padding: 0;"><span style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:7px; height:7px; z-index:2;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/7px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></a></span><span style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; padding-top:3px; z-index:3;"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Rights_National_Historical_Park" title="Women's Rights National Historical Park"><span style="float:left; width:7px; height:7px; font-size:7px; line-height:7px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;">   </span></a></span></span></div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Locator_Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/US_Locator_Blank.svg/289px-US_Locator_Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="289" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/US_Locator_Blank.svg/434px-US_Locator_Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/US_Locator_Blank.svg/578px-US_Locator_Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="186" /></a></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#CDB298;;background:#CDB298;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System#National_historical_parks" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">Full alphabetical list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gettysburg_entrance.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gettysburg_entrance.JPG/220px-Gettysburg_entrance.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gettysburg_entrance.JPG/330px-Gettysburg_entrance.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gettysburg_entrance.JPG/440px-Gettysburg_entrance.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Winter at the <a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_National_Military_Park" title="Gettysburg National Military Park">Gettysburg Battlefield</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/National_Military_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="National Military Park"><b>National military parks</b>, <b>battlefield parks</b>, <b>battlefield sites</b>, and <b>battlefields</b></a> preserve areas associated with military history. The different designations reflect the complexity of the event and the site. Many of the sites preserve important Revolutionary War battles and Civil War battlefields. <i>Military parks</i> are the sites of larger actions, such as <a href="/wiki/Chickamauga_and_Chattanooga_National_Military_Park" title="Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park">Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_National_Military_Park" title="Vicksburg National Military Park">Vicksburg National Military Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_National_Military_Park" title="Gettysburg National Military Park">Gettysburg National Military Park</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shiloh_National_Military_Park" title="Shiloh National Military Park">Shiloh National Military Park</a>—the original four from 1890. </p><p>Examples of <i>battlefield parks</i>, <i>battlefield sites</i>, and <i>national battlefields</i> include <a href="/wiki/Richmond_National_Battlefield_Park" title="Richmond National Battlefield Park">Richmond National Battlefield Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brices_Cross_Roads_National_Battlefield_Site" title="Brices Cross Roads National Battlefield Site">Brices Cross Roads National Battlefield Site</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antietam_National_Battlefield" title="Antietam National Battlefield">Antietam National Battlefield</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_memorials_of_the_United_States" title="List of national memorials of the United States"><b>National memorials</b></a> are areas that officially memorialize a person or event, though unlike a National Historical Site, may or may not be placed at a specific historical location. Several national memorials are on the <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_national_lakeshores_and_seashores" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States national lakeshores and seashores"><b>National seashores</b> and <b>national lakeshores</b></a> offer preservation of the national coast line, while supporting water–based recreation. <a href="/wiki/Cape_Hatteras_National_Seashore" title="Cape Hatteras National Seashore">Cape Hatteras National Seashore</a> was created in 1937. <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore">Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pictured_Rocks_National_Lakeshore" title="Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore">Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore</a>, created in 1966, were the first national lakeshores. </p><p><a href="/wiki/National_Wild_and_Scenic_Rivers_System" title="National Wild and Scenic Rivers System"><b>National rivers</b> and <b>wild and scenic riverways</b></a> protect free-flowing streams over their length. The riverways may not be altered with dams, channelization, or other changes. Recreational pursuits are encouraged along the waterways. <a href="/wiki/Ozark_National_Scenic_Riverways" title="Ozark National Scenic Riverways">Ozark National Scenic Riverways</a> was established in 1964. </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_National_Lakeshores,_National_Seashores,_and_National_Rivers305" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;background:#abdb75"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SeashoreLakes" title="Template:SeashoreLakes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SeashoreLakes" title="Template talk:SeashoreLakes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SeashoreLakes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SeashoreLakes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_National_Lakeshores,_National_Seashores,_and_National_Rivers305" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">United States <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_lakeshores_and_seashores_of_the_United_States" title="List of national lakeshores and seashores of the United States">National Lakeshores, National Seashores</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System#National_rivers_and_national_wild_and_scenic_rivers" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">National Rivers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;width:1%">National Lakeshores</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostle_Islands_National_Lakeshore" title="Apostle Islands National Lakeshore">Apostle Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictured_Rocks_National_Lakeshore" title="Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore">Pictured Rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_Bear_Dunes_National_Lakeshore" title="Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore">Sleeping Bear Dunes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;width:1%">National Seashores</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assateague_Island_National_Seashore" title="Assateague Island National Seashore">Assateague Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaveral_National_Seashore" title="Canaveral National Seashore">Canaveral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod_National_Seashore" title="Cape Cod National Seashore">Cape Cod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Hatteras_National_Seashore" title="Cape Hatteras National Seashore">Cape Hatteras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Lookout_National_Seashore" title="Cape Lookout National Seashore">Cape Lookout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Island_National_Seashore" title="Cumberland Island National Seashore">Cumberland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Island_National_Seashore" title="Fire Island National Seashore">Fire Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Islands_National_Seashore" title="Gulf Islands National Seashore">Gulf Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padre_Island_National_Seashore" title="Padre Island National Seashore">Padre Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Reyes_National_Seashore" title="Point Reyes National Seashore">Point Reyes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;width:1%">National Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alagnak_River" title="Alagnak River">Alagnak WR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_South_Fork_National_River_and_Recreation_Area" title="Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area">Big South Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluestone_National_Scenic_River" title="Bluestone National Scenic River">Bluestone NSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_National_River" title="Buffalo National River">Buffalo River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Egg_Harbor_River" title="Great Egg Harbor River">Great Egg Harbor NSRR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Water_Gap_National_Recreation_Area" title="Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area">Middle Delaware NSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_National_River_and_Recreation_Area" title="Mississippi National River and Recreation Area">Mississippi River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_National_Recreational_River" title="Missouri National Recreational River">Missouri NRR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobrara_National_Scenic_River" title="Niobrara National Scenic River">Niobrara NSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obed_River" title="Obed River">Obed WSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozark_National_Scenic_Riverways" title="Ozark National Scenic Riverways">Ozark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Wild_and_Scenic_River" title="Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River">Rio Grande WSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix_National_Scenic_Riverway" title="Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway">Saint Croix NSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Delaware_Scenic_and_Recreational_River" title="Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River">Upper Delaware SRR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/National_Recreation_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="National Recreation Area">National recreation areas</a></b> originally were units surrounding reservoirs impounded by dams built by other federal agencies, the first being <a href="/wiki/Lake_Mead_National_Recreation_Area" title="Lake Mead National Recreation Area">Lake Mead National Recreation Area</a>. Some national recreation areas are in urban centers, such as <a href="/wiki/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area" title="Gateway National Recreation Area">Gateway National Recreation Area</a> and <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_National_Recreation_Area" title="Golden Gate National Recreation Area">Golden Gate National Recreation Area</a>, which encompass significant cultural as well as natural resources. </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_recreation_areas_of_the_United_States186" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#abdb75;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USNRAs" title="Template:USNRAs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USNRAs" title="Template talk:USNRAs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USNRAs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USNRAs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_recreation_areas_of_the_United_States186" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_recreation_area" title="National recreation area">National recreation areas</a> of the United States</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Park Service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amistad_National_Recreation_Area" title="Amistad National Recreation Area">Amistad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bighorn_Canyon_National_Recreation_Area" title="Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area">Bighorn Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Harbor_Islands_National_Recreation_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area">Boston Harbor Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattahoochee_River_National_Recreation_Area" title="Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area">Chattahoochee River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw_National_Recreation_Area" title="Chickasaw National Recreation Area">Chickasaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curecanti_National_Recreation_Area" title="Curecanti National Recreation Area">Curecanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Water_Gap_National_Recreation_Area" title="Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area">Delaware Water Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area" title="Gateway National Recreation Area">Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauley_River_National_Recreation_Area" title="Gauley River National Recreation Area">Gauley River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Canyon_National_Recreation_Area" title="Glen Canyon National Recreation Area">Glen Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_National_Recreation_Area" title="Golden Gate National Recreation Area">Golden Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Chelan_National_Recreation_Area" title="Lake Chelan National Recreation Area">Lake Chelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mead_National_Recreation_Area" title="Lake Mead National Recreation Area">Lake Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Meredith_National_Recreation_Area" title="Lake Meredith National Recreation Area">Lake Meredith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Roosevelt_National_Recreation_Area" title="Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area">Lake Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Lake_National_Recreation_Area" title="Ross Lake National Recreation Area">Ross Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_Mountains_National_Recreation_Area" title="Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area">Santa Monica Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskeytown%E2%80%93Shasta%E2%80%93Trinity_National_Recreation_Area" title="Whiskeytown–Shasta–Trinity National Recreation Area">Whiskeytown–Shasta–Trinity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">U.S. Forest Service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegheny_National_Recreation_Area" title="Allegheny National Recreation Area">Allegheny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arapaho_National_Recreation_Area" title="Arapaho National Recreation Area">Arapaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Jenkins_National_Recreation_Area" title="Ed Jenkins National Recreation Area">Ed Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaming_Gorge_National_Recreation_Area" title="Flaming Gorge National Recreation Area">Flaming Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Island_National_Recreation_Area" title="Grand Island National Recreation Area">Grand Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hells_Canyon_National_Recreation_Area" title="Hells Canyon National Recreation Area">Hells Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemez_National_Recreation_Area" title="Jemez National Recreation Area">Jemez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Between_the_Lakes_National_Recreation_Area" title="Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area">Land Between The Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moosalamoo_National_Recreation_Area" title="Moosalamoo National Recreation Area">Moosalamoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Baker_National_Recreation_Area" title="Mount Baker National Recreation Area">Mount Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hood_National_Recreation_Area" title="Mount Hood National Recreation Area">Mount Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rogers_National_Recreation_Area" title="Mount Rogers National Recreation Area">Mount Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Dunes_National_Recreation_Area" title="Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area">Oregon Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Ridge_National_Recreation_Area" title="Pine Ridge National Recreation Area">Pine Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattlesnake_National_Recreation_Area" title="Rattlesnake National Recreation Area">Rattlesnake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_T._Stafford_White_Rocks_National_Recreation_Area" title="Robert T. Stafford White Rocks National Recreation Area">Robert T. Stafford White Rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawtooth_National_Recreation_Area" title="Sawtooth National Recreation Area">Sawtooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_River_National_Recreation_Area" title="Smith River National Recreation Area">Smith River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Mountains_National_Recreation_Area" title="Spring Mountains National Recreation Area">Spring Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spruce_Knob%E2%80%93Seneca_Rocks_National_Recreation_Area" title="Spruce Knob–Seneca Rocks National Recreation Area">Spruce Knob–Seneca Rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskeytown%E2%80%93Shasta%E2%80%93Trinity_National_Recreation_Area" title="Whiskeytown–Shasta–Trinity National Recreation Area">Whiskeytown–Shasta–Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winding_Stair_Mountain_National_Recreation_Area" title="Winding Stair Mountain National Recreation Area">Winding Stair Mountain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land<br />Management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Mountains_National_Recreation_Area" title="White Mountains National Recreation Area">White Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/National_Trails_System" title="National Trails System">National Trails System</a></b> preserves long-distance routes across America. The system was created in 1968 and consists of two major components: <b>National scenic trails</b> are long-distance trails through some of the most scenic parts of the country. They received official protection in 1968. The <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Trail" title="Appalachian Trail">Appalachian Trail</a> is the best known. <b>National historic trails</b> commemorate the routes of major historic events. Some of the best known are the <a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears" title="Trail of Tears">Trail of Tears</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mormon_Trail" title="Mormon Trail">Mormon Trail</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Trail" title="Santa Fe Trail">Santa Fe Trail</a>. These trails are administered by several federal agencies. </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="U.S._National_Trails_System211" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trail_system" title="Template:Trail system"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trail_system" title="Template talk:Trail system"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trail_system" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trail system"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S._National_Trails_System211" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Trails_System" title="National Trails System">U.S. National Trails System</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Trail">National Historic Trails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scenic_route" title="Scenic route">Scenic motor routes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butterfield_Overland_National_Historic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Butterfield Overland National Historic Trail">Butterfield Overland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Trail" title="California Trail">California Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Camino_Real_de_los_Tejas_National_Historic_Trail" title="El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail">El Camino Real de los Tejas Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Camino_Real_de_Tierra_Adentro" class="mw-redirect" title="El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro">El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_de_Anza_National_Historic_Trail" title="Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail">Juan Bautista de Anza Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_Trail" title="Mormon Trail">Mormon Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nez_Perce_National_Historic_Trail" title="Nez Perce National Historic Trail">Nez Perce Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Spanish_Trail_(trade_route)" title="Old Spanish Trail (trade route)">Old Spanish Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_Express" title="Pony Express">Pony Express Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Trail" title="Santa Fe Trail">Santa Fe Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches" title="Selma to Montgomery marches">Selma to Montgomery Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears" title="Trail of Tears">Trail of Tears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Rochambeau_Revolutionary_Route" title="Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route">Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trail" title="Trail">Natural surface trails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ala_Kahakai_National_Historic_Trail" title="Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail">Ala Kahakai Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilkoot_Trail" title="Chilkoot Trail">Chilkoot Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iditarod_Trail" title="Iditarod Trail">Iditarod Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Water_trail" title="Water trail">Water trails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_John_Smith_Chesapeake_National_Historic_Trail" title="Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail">Captain John Smith Chesapeake Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combination</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_National_Historic_Trail" title="Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail">Lewis and Clark Trail</a> (motor, land, and water)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overmountain_Victory_National_Historic_Trail" title="Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail">Overmountain Victory Trail</a> (motor and land)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star-Spangled_Banner_National_Historic_Trail" title="Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail">Star-Spangled Banner Trail</a> (motor and water)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Scenic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Scenic Trail">National Scenic Trails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Trail" title="Appalachian Trail">Appalachian Trail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Trail_by_state" title="Appalachian Trail by state">by state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Trail" title="Arizona Trail">Arizona Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Divide_Trail" title="Continental Divide Trail">Continental Divide Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_National_Scenic_Trail" title="New England National Scenic Trail">New England Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Trail" title="Florida Trail">Florida Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_Age_Trail" title="Ice Age Trail">Ice Age Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natchez_Trace_Trail" title="Natchez Trace Trail">Natchez Trace Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_Trail" title="North Country Trail">North Country Trail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_Trail_by_state" title="North Country Trail by state">by state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Crest_Trail" title="Pacific Crest Trail">Pacific Crest Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_Trail" title="Pacific Northwest Trail">Pacific Northwest Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_Heritage_Trail" title="Potomac Heritage Trail">Potomac Heritage Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ice_Age_Floods_National_Geologic_Trail" title="Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail">National Geologic Trail</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_Age_Floods_National_Geologic_Trail" title="Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail">Ice Age Floods Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Recreation_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Recreation Trail">National Recreation Trails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Recreation_Trails_of_the_United_States" title="Category:National Recreation Trails of the United States">Category</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Crown_of_Hiking" title="Triple Crown of Hiking">Triple Crown of Hiking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_designations">Special designations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Special designations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wilderness" title="Wilderness">Wilderness</a> areas are part of the <a href="/wiki/National_Wilderness_Preservation_System" title="National Wilderness Preservation System">National Wilderness Preservation System</a>, which consists of federally managed lands that are of a pristine condition, established by the <a href="/wiki/Wilderness_Act" title="Wilderness Act">Wilderness Act</a> (Public Law 88-577) in 1964. The National Wilderness Preservation System originally created hundreds of <a href="/wiki/List_of_wilderness_areas_of_the_United_States" title="List of wilderness areas of the United States">wilderness zones</a> within already protected federally administered property, consisting of over 9 million acres (36,000 km<sup>2</sup>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Marine_Protected_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Protected Area">Marine Protected Areas</a> (MPAs) began with Executive Order 13158 in May 2000, when official MPAs were established for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-FR75100_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FR75100-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initial listing of U.S. areas was presented in 2010, consisting of areas already set aside under other legislation. The NPS has 19 park units designated as MPAs.<sup id="cite_ref-FR75100_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FR75100-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visitation">Visitation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Visitation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The National Park System received over 325 million recreation visits in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Park visitation grew 64 percent between 1979 and 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-NPS_Reports_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS_Reports-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 10 most-visited units of the National Park System handle around 30 percent of the overall visits. The top 10 percent of parks (43) handle over 64 percent of all visits, leaving the remaining more than 380 units to accommodate around 36 percent of visits.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Note that only 380 sites recorded visitors during 2021 due to COVID-19-related closures).<sup id="cite_ref-NPS_Reports_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS_Reports-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Park </th> <th>Rank (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-:3_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Visits (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-:3_34-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Parkway" title="Blue Ridge Parkway">Blue Ridge Parkway</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> 1</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">16,757,635</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_National_Recreation_Area" title="Golden Gate National Recreation Area">Golden Gate National Recreation Area</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">14,953,882</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park" title="Great Smoky Mountains National Park">Great Smoky Mountains National Park</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">3</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">13,297,647</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area" title="Gateway National Recreation Area">Gateway National Recreation Area</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">4</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">8,705,329</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Islands_National_Seashore" title="Gulf Islands National Seashore">Gulf Islands National Seashore</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">5</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">8,277,857</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">6</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">8,099,148</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Parkway" title="George Washington Memorial Parkway">George Washington Memorial Parkway</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">7</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">7,391,260</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Natchez_Trace_Parkway" title="Natchez Trace Parkway">Natchez Trace Parkway</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">8</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">6,784,853</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mead_National_Recreation_Area" title="Lake Mead National Recreation Area">Lake Mead National Recreation Area</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">9</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">5,798,541</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Glen_Canyon_National_Recreation_Area" title="Glen Canyon National Recreation Area">Glen Canyon National Recreation Area</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">10</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">5,206,934</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entrance_fees">Entrance fees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Entrance fees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_fee_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System" title="List of fee areas in the United States National Park System">List of fee areas in the United States National Park System</a></div> <p>Most areas of the National Park System do not charge entrance fees and are completely supported by tax dollars, although some of the most popular areas do charge entrance fees. Fees vary site to site and are charged either on a per-vehicle or per-person basis, with most passes valid for 7 days. The <a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_Pass" title="America the Beautiful Pass">America the Beautiful Pass</a> series waives the per-vehicle fee or per-person fee for the holder and up to 3 other adults (children age 15 and younger are admitted for free at most sites). Annual passes for single areas are also available for those who visit the same site often. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overnight_stays">Overnight stays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Overnight stays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over 15 million visitors spent a night in one of the national park units during 2015. The largest number (3.68 million) were tent campers. The second largest group (3.38 million) stayed in one of the lodges, followed by miscellaneous stays (on boats, group sites—2.15 million). The last three groups of over-night visitors included RV campers (2.26 million), backcountry campers (2.02 million) and users of the concession-run campgrounds (1.42 million).<sup id="cite_ref-Stats_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stats-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budget">Budget</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Budget"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_budget" title="United States federal budget">United States federal budget</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_budget_process" title="United States budget process">United States budget process</a></div> <p>In 2019, the NPS had an annual budget of $4.085 billion and an estimated $12 billion maintenance backlog.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On August 4, 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Great_American_Outdoors_Act" title="Great American Outdoors Act">Great American Outdoors Act</a> was signed into law reducing the $12 billion maintenance backlog by $9.5 billion over a 5-year period beginning in FY 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2022, the NPS had the largest budget allocation of any <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a> bureau or program.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The NPS budget is divided into two primary areas, <i>discretionary</i> and <i>mandatory</i> spending. Within each of these areas, there are numerous specific purposes to which Congress directs the services activities.<sup id="cite_ref-FY2006_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FY2006-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The NPS budget includes <i>discretionary</i> spending which is broken out into two portions: the direct operations of the National Parks and the special initiatives.<sup id="cite_ref-FY2010_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FY2010-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Listed separately are the special initiatives of the service for the year specified in the legislation. During fiscal year 2010, the service was charged with five initiatives. They include: stewardship and education; professional excellence; youth programs; climate change impacts; and budget restructure and realignment.<sup id="cite_ref-FY2010_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FY2010-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discretionary_spending">Discretionary spending</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Discretionary spending"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NPS_Budget_(2001-2006).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/NPS_Budget_%282001-2006%29.jpg/220px-NPS_Budget_%282001-2006%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/NPS_Budget_%282001-2006%29.jpg/330px-NPS_Budget_%282001-2006%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/NPS_Budget_%282001-2006%29.jpg/440px-NPS_Budget_%282001-2006%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption>NPS <i>Operations of the National Parks</i> budget from FY 2001-FY 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>Discretionary spending includes the Operations of the National Parks (ONPS), from which all park operations are paid. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Park_Police" title="United States Park Police">United States Park Police</a> funds cover the high-profile law enforcement operations at some of the large parks, including <a href="/wiki/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area" title="Gateway National Recreation Area">Gateway National Recreation Area</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_National_Recreation_Area" title="Golden Gate National Recreation Area">Golden Gate National Recreation Area</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a>. The <i>National Recreation and Preservation Program</i> and the <i>Urban Park and Recreation Fund</i> are outreach programs to support state and local outdoor recreational activities.<sup id="cite_ref-FY2006_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FY2006-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ONPS section of the budget is divided into six operational areas. These areas include: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Resource_stewardship">Resource stewardship</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Resource stewardship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These are funds and people directed towards the restoration, preservation, and maintenance of natural and cultural resources. The resource staff includes biologists, geologists, archeologists, museum curators, preservation specialists, and a variety of specialized employees to restore and preserve cultural buildings or natural features.<sup id="cite_ref-FY2010_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FY2010-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Visitor_services">Visitor services</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Visitor services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NPS allocates funds obtained from its visitor services for use in public programs and for educational programs for the general public and school groups. Park rangers trained in providing walks, talks, and educational programs to the public frequently conduct such programs. Media specialists prepare exhibits along trails, roads and in visitor contact facilities, as well as written brochures and web-sites.<sup id="cite_ref-FY2010_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FY2010-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Park_protection">Park protection</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Park protection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This includes the staff responding to visitor emergencies (criminal, medical, search and rescue), and the protection of the park's natural and cultural resources from damage by those persons visiting the park. The staff includes <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_Law_Enforcement_Rangers" title="National Park Service Law Enforcement Rangers">law enforcement rangers</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Park_Police" title="United States Park Police">park police</a>, lifeguards, criminal investigators, and communication center operators.<sup id="cite_ref-FY2010_43-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FY2010-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many instances they also work with <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_territorial_fish_and_wildlife_management_agencies_in_the_United_States" title="List of state and territorial fish and wildlife management agencies in the United States">state and territorial fish and wildlife management agency rangers</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Facility_maintenance_and_operations">Facility maintenance and operations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Facility maintenance and operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is the cost of maintaining the necessary infrastructure within each park that supports all the services provided. It includes the plows and heavy equipment for road clearing, repairs and construction. There are buildings, trails, roads, docks, boats, utility pipes and wires, and a variety of hidden systems that make a park accessible by the public. The staff includes equipment operators, custodians, trail crews, electricians, plumbers, engineers, architects, and other building trade specialists.<sup id="cite_ref-FY2010_43-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FY2010-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Park_support">Park support</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Park support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is the staff that provides for the routine logistical needs of the parks. There are human resource specialists, contracting officers, property specialists, budget managers, accountants and information technology specialists.<sup id="cite_ref-FY2010_43-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FY2010-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="External_administrative_costs">External administrative costs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External administrative costs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NPS pays external administrative costs to outside organizations that provide the logistical support that the NPS needs to operate its facilities. These costs include rent payments to the <a href="/wiki/General_Services_Administration" title="General Services Administration">General Services Administration</a> for building space, postage payments to the postal machine vendor and other direct payments.<sup id="cite_ref-FY2010_43-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FY2010-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Functional area </th> <th>FY 2010 (in thousands)<sup id="cite_ref-FY2010_43-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FY2010-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>% of total </th></tr> <tr> <td>Resource stewardship </td> <td><div style="float:right;">$347,328</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">15.3%</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Visitor services </td> <td><div style="float:right;">$247,386</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">10.9%</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Park protection </td> <td><div style="float:right;">$368,698</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">16.3%</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Facility maintenance and operations </td> <td><div style="float:right;">$705,220</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">31.1%</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Park support </td> <td><div style="float:right;">$441,854</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">19.5%</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>External administrative costs </td> <td><div style="float:right;">$155,530</div> </td> <td><div style="float:right;">6.9%</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total (2010) </td> <td><div style="float:right;">$2,266,016</div> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land_and_Water_Conservation_Fund">Land and Water Conservation Fund</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Land and Water Conservation Fund"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Land_and_Water_Conservation_Fund" title="Land and Water Conservation Fund">Land and Water Conservation Fund</a> (LWCF) supports Land Acquisition and State Conservation Assistance (SCA) grant programs. In 2010, the LWCF began an incremental process to fully fund its programs at a total cost of $900 million. The Department of the Interior and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">United States Forest Service</a> use these funds to purchase critical lands to protect existing public lands. </p><p>The LWCF also issues grants to States and local jurisdictions to preserve and protect Civil War battlefield sites that are not part of the national park system. The SCA program distributes funds for land preservation to individual states.<sup id="cite_ref-FY2010_43-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FY2010-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_Preservation_Fund">Historic Preservation Fund</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Historic Preservation Fund"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 set the federal vision for historic preservation in the United States. To support the vision and framework laid out in this act, the Historic Preservation Fund (HPF) was established in 1977 to provide financial assistance to, originally, states, to carry out activities related to preservation. Funding is provided from Outer Continental Shelf oil and gas lease revenues, not tax dollars, and an amount is appropriated annually by Congress. Awards from the HPF are made to States, Tribes, Territories, local governments, and non-profits.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two specific programs include the <a href="/wiki/Save_America%27s_Treasures" title="Save America's Treasures">Save America's Treasures</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Preserve_America" title="Preserve America">Preserve America</a>. The Historic Preservation Offices makes grants available to the States, territories, and tribal lands.<sup id="cite_ref-FY2010_43-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FY2010-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To honor the 250th anniversary of the United States, Congress authorized the Semiquincentennial Grant in 2020 to support the preservation of State owned sites and structures listed on the National Register of Historic Places that commemorate the founding of the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_benefits">Economic benefits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Economic benefits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NPS affects economies at national, state, and local levels. According to a 2011 Michigan State University report prepared for the NPS, for each $1 invested in the NPS, the American public receives $4 in economic value. In 2011, national parks generated $30.1 billion in economic activity and 252,000 jobs nationwide. Thirteen billion of that amount went directly into communities within 60 miles of a NPS unit. </p><p>In a 2017 study, the NPS found that 331 million park visitors spent $18.2 billion in local areas around National Parks across the nation. This spending helped support 306,000 jobs. The NPS expenditures supported $297 million in economic output in Missouri alone.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concessions">Concessions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Concessions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In an effort to increase visitation and allow for a larger audience to enjoy national park land, the NPS has numerous <a href="/wiki/Concession_(contract)" title="Concession (contract)">concession</a> contracts with private businesses to bring recreation, resorts and other <i>compatible</i> amenities to their parks. NPS lodging opportunities exist at places such as the <a href="/wiki/Wawona_Hotel" title="Wawona Hotel">Wawona Hotel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite National Park</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Baker" title="Fort Baker">Fort Baker</a> Retreat and Conference Center in <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_National_Recreation_Area" title="Golden Gate National Recreation Area">Golden Gate National Recreation Area</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_North" title="Delaware North">Delaware North Corporation</a> at <a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone National Park</a>, South Rim <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_National_Park" title="Grand Canyon National Park">Grand Canyon National Park</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forever_Resorts" class="mw-redirect" title="Forever Resorts">Forever Resorts</a> at <a href="/wiki/Big_Bend_National_Park" title="Big Bend National Park">Big Bend National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Parkway" title="Blue Ridge Parkway">Blue Ridge Parkway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badlands_National_Park" title="Badlands National Park">Badlands National Park</a>, North Rim of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_National_Park" title="Grand Canyon National Park">Grand Canyon National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympic_National_Park" title="Olympic National Park">Olympic National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Mead_National_Recreation_Area" title="Lake Mead National Recreation Area">Lake Mead National Recreation Area</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mammoth_Cave_National_Park" title="Mammoth Cave National Park">Mammoth Cave National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isle_Royale_National_Park" title="Isle Royale National Park">Isle Royale National Park</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_National_Park" title="Rocky Mountain National Park">Rocky Mountain National Park</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanterra_Travel_Collection" title="Xanterra Travel Collection">Xanterra Parks & Resorts</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bryce_Canyon_National_Park" title="Bryce Canyon National Park">Bryce Canyon National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crater_Lake_National_Park" title="Crater Lake National Park">Crater Lake National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Death_Valley_National_Park" title="Death Valley National Park">Death Valley National Park</a>, South Rim <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_National_Park" title="Grand Canyon National Park">Grand Canyon National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_National_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Rushmore National Memorial">Mount Rushmore National Memorial</a>, Painted Desert at <a href="/wiki/Petrified_Forest_National_Park" title="Petrified Forest National Park">Petrified Forest National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone National Park</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zion_National_Park" title="Zion National Park">Zion National Park</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Litigation_with_Delaware_North">Litigation with Delaware North</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Litigation with Delaware North"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2015, <a href="/wiki/Delaware_North" title="Delaware North">Delaware North</a> sued the NPS in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Federal_Claims" title="United States Court of Federal Claims">United States Court of Federal Claims</a> for breach of contract, alleging that the NPS had undervalued its trademarks of the names of iconic Yosemite National Park concession facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-Buffalo_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buffalo-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NPS estimated the value of the intangible assets including the names "Ahwahnee", "Badger Pass", "Curry Village", and "Yosemite Lodge" at $3.5 million. Delaware North lost the contract, and asserted that the historic names were worth $51 million and maintained that the incoming concessioner had to be paid that amount.<sup id="cite_ref-FresnoBee1_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FresnoBee1-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Justice Department and the NPS asserted that this was an "improper and wildly inflated" value. Rather than pay Delaware North's demanded valuation, in January 2016 the NPS instead opted to rename the famous landmarks, effective in March. The <a href="/wiki/Ahwahnee_Hotel" title="Ahwahnee Hotel">Ahwahnee Hotel</a> is slated to become The Majestic Yosemite Hotel, Curry Village will become Half Dome Village, and the Wawona Hotel will become Big Trees Lodge.<sup id="cite_ref-FresnoBee2_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FresnoBee2-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Widespread public outcry focused on Delaware North's decision to claim ownership of names within a national park.<sup id="cite_ref-SacBeeQuestions_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SacBeeQuestions-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The names were restored in 2019 upon settlement of the dispute.<sup id="cite_ref-LAT_20190715_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT_20190715-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Offices">Offices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Offices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_National_Park_Service" title="Organization of the National Park Service">Organization of the National Park Service</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NPS_Employees_12_types_of_work_08368.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/NPS_Employees_12_types_of_work_08368.jpg/220px-NPS_Employees_12_types_of_work_08368.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/NPS_Employees_12_types_of_work_08368.jpg/330px-NPS_Employees_12_types_of_work_08368.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/NPS_Employees_12_types_of_work_08368.jpg/440px-NPS_Employees_12_types_of_work_08368.jpg 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="291" /></a><figcaption>Depicts twelve figures, most in NPS uniforms, shown in occupations from left to right: a lifeguard, a Civil War reenactor, fire management, mounted patrol, researcher and/or natural resources with fish, a female ranger with two visitors, a laborer, a climber/rescuer, and a youth with a male ranger.</figcaption></figure> <p>The national headquarters is located in the <a href="/wiki/Main_Interior_Building" title="Main Interior Building">Main Interior Building</a>, 1849 C Street NW, several blocks southwest of the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. The central office is composed of eleven directorates: director/deputy directors; business services; workforce management; chief information officer; cultural resources; natural resource stewardship and science; office of the comptroller; park planning, facilities and lands; partnerships and visitor experience; visitor and resource protection; and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Park_Police" title="United States Park Police">United States Park Police</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regional offices are in <a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lakewood,_Colorado" title="Lakewood, Colorado">Lakewood, CO</a> (<a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>), <a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha, NE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>. The headquarters building of the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_Southwest_Regional_Office" title="National Park Service Southwest Regional Office">National Park Service Southwest Regional Office</a> is architecturally significant and is designated a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a>. </p><p>The NPS is an <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_the_Interior#operating_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of the Interior">operating unit of the U.S. Department of the Interior</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_National_Park_Service" title="Director of the National Park Service">NPS director</a> is nominated by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a> and confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The director is supported by six senior executives. </p><p>These executives manage national programs, policy, and budget from the Washington, DC, headquarters. Under the deputy director of operations are seven regional directors, who are responsible for national park management and program implementation. Together this group is called the <i>National Leadership Council</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Staff_and_volunteers">Staff and volunteers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Staff and volunteers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Directors">Directors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_National_Park_Service" title="Director of the National Park Service">Director of the National Park Service</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NPS_DirectorandStaff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/NPS_DirectorandStaff.jpg/220px-NPS_DirectorandStaff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/NPS_DirectorandStaff.jpg/330px-NPS_DirectorandStaff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/NPS_DirectorandStaff.jpg/440px-NPS_DirectorandStaff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Mather" title="Stephen Mather">Stephen Mather</a> (center) and his staff, 1927 or 1928</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_F._Sams_III,_NPS_Director.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Charles_F._Sams_III%2C_NPS_Director.jpg/220px-Charles_F._Sams_III%2C_NPS_Director.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Charles_F._Sams_III%2C_NPS_Director.jpg/330px-Charles_F._Sams_III%2C_NPS_Director.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Charles_F._Sams_III%2C_NPS_Director.jpg/440px-Charles_F._Sams_III%2C_NPS_Director.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sams" title="Charles Sams">Chuck Sams</a>, current NPS Director (2021–present)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Employees">Employees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Employees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NPS_Staffing(1998-2009).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/NPS_Staffing%281998-2009%29.JPG/220px-NPS_Staffing%281998-2009%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/NPS_Staffing%281998-2009%29.JPG/330px-NPS_Staffing%281998-2009%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/NPS_Staffing%281998-2009%29.JPG/440px-NPS_Staffing%281998-2009%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption>National Park Service employment levels. Executives: abt 27; Gen Sch: 16–17,000; Others: 6–7,000<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>By the mid-1950s, the primary employees of the service were the park rangers, who had broad responsibilities on the parks' behalf. They cleaned up trash, operated heavy equipment, fought fires, managed traffic, cleared trails and roads, provided information to visitors, managed museums, performed rescues, flew aircraft, and investigated crime.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The NPS employs many kinds of workers: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_Ranger" class="mw-redirect" title="National Park Service Ranger">National Park Service Ranger</a> <ul><li>Interpreter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_Law_Enforcement_Rangers" title="National Park Service Law Enforcement Rangers">Law enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li>Park management (Superintendent/Deputy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Park_Police" title="United States Park Police">United States Park Police</a></li> <li>Emergency management (Emergency medical providers, search and rescue specialists) <ul><li>Lifeguards</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispatcher" title="Dispatcher">Dispatchers</a></li> <li>Maintenance (including <a href="/wiki/Carpentry" title="Carpentry">carpenters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plumbing" title="Plumbing">plumbers</a>, masons, laborers, auto mechanics, motor vehicle operators, <a href="/wiki/Heavy_equipment_operator" title="Heavy equipment operator">heavy equipment operators</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electrician" title="Electrician">electricians</a>)</li> <li>Park planning <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">Architects</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engineer" title="Engineer">engineers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Landscape_architect" title="Landscape architect">landscape architects</a></li></ul></li> <li>Resource management (including archeologist, <a href="/wiki/Biologist" title="Biologist">biologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botanist" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanist">botanist</a>, aquatics, soil scientist, <a href="/wiki/Geologist" title="Geologist">geologist</a>)</li> <li>History (<a href="/wiki/Curator" title="Curator">curators</a>, <a href="/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">historians</a>, preservation technicians, historic architects, <a href="/wiki/Archivist" title="Archivist">archivists</a>)</li> <li>Fire management (managers, weather specialist, <a href="/wiki/Firefighter" title="Firefighter">firefighters</a>, engine captains, crew superintendents, battalion chiefs)</li> <li>Public affairs</li> <li>Administration (human resources, finance, accountants, information technology, budgeting, concessions management)</li></ul> <p>Locations are varied. Parks exist in the nation's larger cities like <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> (<a href="/wiki/Federal_Hall" title="Federal Hall">Federal Hall</a> Memorial National Historic Site), <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr._National_Historic_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site">Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site</a>), and <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cabrillo_National_Monument" title="Cabrillo National Monument">Cabrillo National Monument</a>) to some of the remotest areas of the continent like <a href="/wiki/Hovenweep_National_Monument" title="Hovenweep National Monument">Hovenweep National Monument</a> in southeastern Utah, to <a href="/wiki/Aniakchak_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Aniakchak National Monument">Aniakchak National Monument</a> in <a href="/wiki/King_Salmon,_Alaska" title="King Salmon, Alaska">King Salmon, Alaska</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volunteers-In-Parks_(VIP)"><span id="Volunteers-In-Parks_.28VIP.29"></span>Volunteers-In-Parks (VIP)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Volunteers-In-Parks (VIP)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Volunteers-In-Parks" title="Volunteers-In-Parks">Volunteers-In-Parks</a> program was authorized in 1969 by the Volunteers in the Parks Act of 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-05Report_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-05Report-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the purpose of allowing the public to serve in the nations parks providing support and skills for their enhancement and protection.<sup id="cite_ref-brochure_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brochure-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Volunteers come from all walks of life and include professionals, artists, laborers, homemakers and students, performing varied duties. Many come from surrounding communities and some travel significant distances.<sup id="cite_ref-brochure_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brochure-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2005 annual report, the NPS reported that, </p> <blockquote><p>...137,000 VIPs contributed 5.2 million hours of service (or 2500 FTEs) valued at $91,260,000 based on the private sector value figure of $17.55 as used by AARP, Points of Light Foundation, and other large-scale volunteer programs including many federal agencies. There are 365 separate volunteer programs throughout the NPS. Since 1990, the number of volunteers has increased an average of 2% per year.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>FTE stands for full-time equivalent (one work year). In 2012, the National Park Service reported that over 221,000 volunteers contributed about 6.4 million hours annually.<sup id="cite_ref-nps.gov_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nps.gov-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, other types of volunteers also conduct offsite NPS public outreach and education, such as the Trails & Rails program guides on board certain segments of long-haul <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> routes, who offer passengers insights to the travel area's natural resources and heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artist-In-Residence">Artist-In-Residence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Artist-In-Residence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Across the nation, there are special opportunities for artists (visual artists, photographers, sculptors, performers, writers, composers, and crafts) to live and work in a park. Twenty-nine parks currently participate in the <i>Artist-In-Residence program</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_Park_Rangers">United States Park Rangers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: United States Park Rangers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_ranger" title="National Park Service ranger">National Park Service ranger</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_Law_Enforcement_Rangers" title="National Park Service Law Enforcement Rangers">National Park Service Law Enforcement Rangers</a></div> <p><b>National Park Service rangers</b> are among the uniformed employees charged with protecting and preserving areas set aside in the National Park System by the United States Congress and the President of the United States. While all employees of the agency contribute to the National Park Service mission of preserving unimpaired the natural and cultural resources set aside by the American people for <a href="/wiki/Future_generations" title="Future generations">future generations</a>, the term "<a href="/wiki/Park_ranger" title="Park ranger">park ranger</a>" is traditionally used to describe all National Park Service employees who wear the uniform. Broadly speaking, all National Park Service rangers promote <a href="/wiki/Stewardship" title="Stewardship">stewardship</a> of the resources in their care—either voluntary stewardship via <a href="/wiki/Heritage_interpretation" title="Heritage interpretation">resource interpretation</a>, or compliance with <a href="/wiki/Statute" title="Statute">statute</a> or <a href="/wiki/Regulation" title="Regulation">regulation</a> through <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">law enforcement</a>. These comprise the two main disciplines of the ranger profession in the National Park Service. </p><p>Law enforcement rangers, or protection rangers, are uniformed federal law enforcement officers with broad authority to enforce federal and state laws within NPS sites. The NPS commonly refers to law enforcement operations in the agency as <i>visitor and resource protection</i>. </p><p>In most NPS units, law enforcement rangers are the primary police agency.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NPS also employs special agents who conduct more complex criminal investigations. Rangers and agents receive extensive police training at the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Law_Enforcement_Training_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Law Enforcement Training Center">Federal Law Enforcement Training Center</a> and annual in-service and regular firearms training. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_Park_Police">United States Park Police</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: United States Park Police"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Park_Police" title="United States Park Police">United States Park Police</a></div> <p>The United States Park Police (USPP) is the oldest uniformed federal law enforcement agency in the United States. It functions as a full service law enforcement agency with responsibilities and jurisdiction in those NPS areas primarily located in the Washington, D.C. Parks, San Francisco, and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Parks" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Parks">New York City Parks</a> areas. </p><p>In addition to performing the normal crime prevention, investigation, and apprehension functions of an urban police force, the park police are responsible for policing many of the famous monuments in the United States and share law enforcement jurisdiction in all lands administered by the service with a force of national park rangers tasked with the same law enforcement powers and responsibilities.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Youth_programs">Youth programs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Youth programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NPS partners with a variety of youth oriented programs. The oldest serving group is the <a href="/wiki/Student_Conservation_Association" title="Student Conservation Association">Student Conservation Association</a> (SCA). It was established in 1957, committed to conservation and preservation. The SCA's goal is to create the next generation of conservation leaders. </p><p>SCA volunteers work through internships, conservation jobs, and crew experiences. Volunteers conduct resource management, historic preservation, cultural resources and conservation programs to gain experience, which can lead to career development and further educational opportunities. The SCA places volunteers in more than 350 national park units and NPS offices each year.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Corps Network, formerly known as the National Association for Service and Corps (NASCC), represents 136 Service and Conservation Corps. These groups have programs in 42 states and the District of Columbia. Corpsmembers are between the ages of 16–25. Service and Conservation Corps are direct descendants of the <a href="/wiki/Civilian_Conservation_Corps" title="Civilian Conservation Corps">Civilian Conservation Corps</a> (CCC) of the 1930s that built park facilities in the national parks and other public parks around the country. The Corps Network was established in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The Youth Conservation Corps (ages 15–18) brings young people into a park to restore, preserve and protect a natural, cultural, or historical resources. Enrollees are paid for their work.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Land_Corps" title="Public Land Corps">Public Land Corps</a> (ages 16–25) is a job helping to restore, protect, and rehabilitate a local national parks. The enrollees learn about environmental issues and the parks.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_divisions">Special divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Special divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NPS_Preservation_Training_Center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/NPS_Preservation_Training_Center.jpg/220px-NPS_Preservation_Training_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/NPS_Preservation_Training_Center.jpg/330px-NPS_Preservation_Training_Center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/NPS_Preservation_Training_Center.jpg/440px-NPS_Preservation_Training_Center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Historic Preservation Training Center</figcaption></figure> <p>Other special NPS divisions include the Archeology Program,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Historic_American_Buildings_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic American Buildings Survey">Historic American Buildings Survey</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Natural_Landmark" title="National Natural Landmark">National Natural Landmarks</a>, the Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance Program,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Challenge Cost Share Program,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Federal Lands to Parks,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">Hydropower</a> Relicensing Program,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Land and Water Conservation Fund,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/National_Trails_System_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Trails System (United States)">National Trails System</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Partnership Wild and Scenic Rivers Program,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Natural_Sounds_and_Night_Skies_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division">Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, and the Historic Preservation Training Center (HPTC).<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also an <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="Investigative_Services_Branch"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Investigative Services Branch</span></span> (ISB), based at NPS headquarters in Washington, D.C. which has personnel distributed among the parks. <sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Centers">Centers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Centers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NPS operates four archaeology-related centers: Harpers Ferry Center, in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia; the Midwest Archeological Center, in Lincoln, Nebraska; the Southeast Archeological Center, in Tallahassee, Florida; and the Western Archeological and Conservation Center, in Tucson, Arizona. The Harpers Ferry Center specializes in developing interpretive media and in conserving objects. The others focus to various degrees on archaeological research and the curation and conservation of museum objects. </p><p><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_training_centers" title="National Park Service training centers">National Park Service training centers</a> include the Horace Albright Training Center, Grand Canyon; the Stephen Mather Training Center, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia; the Historic Preservation Training Center, Frederick, Maryland; and the Capital Training Center, Washington, D.C. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Submerged_Resources_Center" title="Submerged Resources Center">Submerged Resources Center</a> catalogues and evaluates submerged resources in the National Park system.<sup id="cite_ref-RRR10261_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RRR10261-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SRC's headquarters are at the Intermountain Region's headquarters, in Lakewood, Colorado.<sup id="cite_ref-RRR10261_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RRR10261-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Preservation_Technology_and_Training" title="National Center for Preservation Technology and Training">National Center for Preservation Technology and Training</a>, in Natchitoches, Louisiana, conducts research and training in archaeology, architecture, landscape architecture, and materials conservation.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preservation_Programs">Preservation Programs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Preservation Programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Santuario_del_Senor_Esquipula_113804pu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/El_Santuario_del_Senor_Esquipula_113804pu.jpg/220px-El_Santuario_del_Senor_Esquipula_113804pu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/El_Santuario_del_Senor_Esquipula_113804pu.jpg/330px-El_Santuario_del_Senor_Esquipula_113804pu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/El_Santuario_del_Senor_Esquipula_113804pu.jpg/440px-El_Santuario_del_Senor_Esquipula_113804pu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Photograph of El Santuario Del Señor Esquipula, Chimayo, New Mexico</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chicago_River_Bascule_Bridge,_LaSalle_Street,_Chicago.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Chicago_River_Bascule_Bridge%2C_LaSalle_Street%2C_Chicago.jpg/220px-Chicago_River_Bascule_Bridge%2C_LaSalle_Street%2C_Chicago.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Chicago_River_Bascule_Bridge%2C_LaSalle_Street%2C_Chicago.jpg/330px-Chicago_River_Bascule_Bridge%2C_LaSalle_Street%2C_Chicago.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Chicago_River_Bascule_Bridge%2C_LaSalle_Street%2C_Chicago.jpg/440px-Chicago_River_Bascule_Bridge%2C_LaSalle_Street%2C_Chicago.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption>LaSalle Street Bridge, Chicago, Illinois</figcaption></figure> <p>The oldest federal preservation program, the <a href="/wiki/Historic_American_Buildings_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic American Buildings Survey">Historic American Buildings Survey</a>/<a href="/wiki/Historic_American_Engineering_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic American Engineering Record">Historic American Engineering Record</a> (HABS/HAER), produces graphic and written documentation of historically significant architectural, engineering and industrial sites and structures. Dating from 1934, the <a href="/wiki/Historic_American_Buildings_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic American Buildings Survey">Historic American Buildings Survey</a> (HABS) was chartered to document historic architecture—primarily houses and public buildings—of national or regional significance. Originally a <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> employment/preservation program, after World War II, HABS employed summer teams of advanced undergraduate and graduate students to carry out the documentation, a tradition followed to this day. Many of the structures they documented no longer exist. </p><p>HABS/HAER produces measured drawings, large-format photographs and written histories of historic sites, structures and objects, that are significant to the architectural, engineering and industrial heritage of the U.S. Its 25,000 records are part of the Library of Congress. HABS/HAER is administered by the NPS Washington office and five regional offices.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Historic_American_Buildings_Survey">Historic American Buildings Survey</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Historic American Buildings Survey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1933, the NPS established the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS), based on a proposal by Charles E. Peterson, Park Service landscape architect. It was founded as a make-work program for architects, draftsmen and photographers left jobless by the Great Depression. Guided by field instructions from Washington, D.C., the first recorders were tasked with documenting a representative sampling of America's architectural heritage. After 70 years, there is now an archive of historic architecture. HABS provided a database of primary source material for the then fledgling historic preservation movement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Historic_American_Engineering_Record">Historic American Engineering Record</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Historic American Engineering Record"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Recognizing a similar fragility in the national industrial and engineering heritage, the NPS, the Library of Congress and the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) formed the HAER program in 1969, to document nationally and regionally significant engineering and industrial sites. Later, HAER was ratified by the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mechanical_Engineers" title="American Society of Mechanical Engineers">American Society of Mechanical Engineers</a> (ASME), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Chemical_Engineers" title="American Institute of Chemical Engineers">American Institute of Chemical Engineers</a> (AIChE) and the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers (AIME). HAER documentation, in the forms of measured and interpretive drawings, large-format photographs and written histories, is archivally preserved in the Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress, where it is readily available to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Historic American Landscapes Survey</b> </p><p>With the growing vitality of landscape history, preservation and management, proper recognition for historic American landscape documentation must be addressed. In response to this need, the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Landscape_Architects" title="American Society of Landscape Architects">American Society of Landscape Architects</a> Historic Preservation Professional Interest Group worked with the National Park Service to establish a national program. Hence, in October 2000 the National Park Service permanently established the <a href="/wiki/Historic_American_Landscapes_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic American Landscapes Survey">Historic American Landscapes Survey</a> (HALS) program for the systematic documentation of historic American landscapes.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rivers,_Trails_and_Conservation_Assistance_Program"><span id="Rivers.2C_Trails_and_Conservation_Assistance_Program"></span>Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance Program</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance Program"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NPS Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance (NPS-RTCA) program is designed to assist local communities and the public with planning for conservation and outdoor recreation projects.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NPS-RTCA program is able to work with local communities outside the borders of the nation's National Parks because of the second sentence of the NPS Mission Statement.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the mainline National Park Programs, these programs take place on non-federal property at the request of the local community. One of their better known programs is <a href="/wiki/Rails_to_Trails" class="mw-redirect" title="Rails to Trails">Rails to Trails</a>, where unused railroad right-of-ways are converted into public hiking and biking trails.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japanese_American_Confinement_Sites">Japanese American Confinement Sites</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Japanese American Confinement Sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The National Park Service is responsible for the management and upkeep of several sites where <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Americans" title="Japanese Americans">Americans of Japanese descent</a> were <a href="/wiki/Internment_of_Japanese_Americans" title="Internment of Japanese Americans">forcibly relocated and incarcerated Japanese Americans</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> between 1942 and 1946 under the order of President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_American_Confinement_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Japanese American Confinement Sites">Japanese American Confinement Sites</a> (JACS) grant program provides funding for applicants that preserve these sites and their memory.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Trails_System">National Trails System</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: National Trails System"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Trails_System" title="National Trails System">National Trails System</a> is a joint mission of the NPS, the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">US Forest Service</a>. It was created in 1968 to establish a system of long-distance <a href="/wiki/National_Scenic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Scenic Trail">National Scenic</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Trail">National Historic Trails</a>, as well as to recognize existing trails in the states as <a href="/wiki/National_Recreation_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Recreation Trail">National Recreation Trails</a>. Several additional trails have been established since 1968, and in 2009 Congress established the first <a href="/wiki/Ice_Age_Floods_National_Geologic_Trail" title="Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail">National Geologic Trail</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Heritage_Areas">National Heritage Areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: National Heritage Areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_Area" title="National Heritage Area">National Heritage Areas</a> are a unique blend of natural, cultural, historic, and scenic resources. These are not considered units of the NPS, as they are maintained by state/territorial governments or non-profit organizations (described as <i>local coordinating entities</i>). The National Park Service provides an advisory role and limited technical, planning and financial assistance. Designation of National Heritage Areas is done by an Act of Congress. As of 2021 there are 55 designated heritage areas, some of which cross state lines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Initiatives">Initiatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Initiatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Preservewildlifeb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Preservewildlifeb.jpg/220px-Preservewildlifeb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Preservewildlifeb.jpg/330px-Preservewildlifeb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Preservewildlifeb.jpg/440px-Preservewildlifeb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1974" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>"The national parks preserve all life", poster for National Park Service, 1940</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>24-hr all Taxa BioBlitz: A joint venture of the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a> and the NPS. Beginning in 2004, at <a href="/wiki/Rock_Creek_Parkway" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock Creek Parkway">Rock Creek Parkway</a>, the National Geographic Society and the NPS began a 10-year program of hosting a major biological survey of ten selected national park units. The intent is to develop public interest in the nations natural resources, develop scientific interest in America's youth and to create citizen scientist. <ul><li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Rock_Creek_Park" title="Rock Creek Park">Rock Creek Park</a>, Washington D.C. 661 species<sup id="cite_ref-NGS_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGS-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_Mountains_National_Recreation_Area" title="Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area">Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area</a>, Los Angeles, California. 1,700 species and more pending.<sup id="cite_ref-NGS_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGS-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Dunes_National_Lakeshore" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore">Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore</a>, near Chicago in northern Indiana. 1,716 species and still counting.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Biscayne_National_Park" title="Biscayne National Park">Biscayne National Park</a>, Miami, Florida. 810 species were identified during this 24-hr event. As classification continues, more species will be added to the list.<sup id="cite_ref-Biscayne_BioBlitz_page_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biscayne_BioBlitz_page-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Saguaro_National_Park" title="Saguaro National Park">Saguaro National Park</a>, Tucson, Arizona.<sup id="cite_ref-Biscayne_BioBlitz_page_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biscayne_BioBlitz_page-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 24 hours, 859 different species were identified, of which more than 400 were previously unknown in the park.<sup id="cite_ref-Arrowhead19-3_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arrowhead19-3-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_National_Park" title="Rocky Mountain National Park">Rocky Mountain National Park</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Estes_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Estes Park">Estes Park</a>, In August 2012 489 species were identified.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Lafitte_National_Historical_Park_and_Preserve" title="Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve">Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve</a>, in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>. May 17–18, 2013 in the park's Barataria Preserve.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_National_Recreation_Area" title="Golden Gate National Recreation Area">Golden Gate National Recreation Area</a><sup id="cite_ref-webpage_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webpage-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Hawai%27i_Volcanoes_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park">Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park</a><sup id="cite_ref-webpage_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webpage-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Whiskeytown_National_Recreation_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Whiskeytown National Recreation Area">Whiskeytown National Recreation Area</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabrillo_National_Monument" title="Cabrillo National Monument">Cabrillo National Monument</a>, <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_National_Park" title="Channel Islands National Park">Channel Islands National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a><sup id="cite_ref-webpage_100-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webpage-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands_National_Park" title="Virgin Islands National Park">Virgin Islands National Park</a><sup id="cite_ref-webpage_100-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webpage-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Biological Diversity: Biological Diversity is the vast variety of life as identified through species and genetics. This variety is decreasing as people spread across the globe, altering areas to better meet their needs.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Climate Change: <i>Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global sea levels.</i> (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007).<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>South Florida Restoration Initiative: Rescuing an Ecosystem in Peril: In partnership with the State of <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">Army Corps of Engineers</a>, the NPS is restoring the physical and biological processes of the South Florida ecosystem. Historically, this ecosystem contained some of the most diverse habitats on earth.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Vanishing Treasures Initiative: Ruins Preservation in the American Southwest: The Vanishing Treasures Initiative began in FY 1998 to reduce threats to prehistoric and historic sites and structures in 44 parks of the Intermountain Region. In 2002, the program expanded to include three parks in the Pacific West Region. The goal is to reduce backlogged work and to bring sites and structures up to a condition where routine maintenance activities can preserve them.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Wetlands: Wetlands includes <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">marshes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swamp" title="Swamp">swamps</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bog" title="Bog">bogs</a>. These areas and the plants and animals adapted to these conditions spread from the arctic to the equator. The shrinking wetlands provide habitat for fish and wildlife, help clean water and reduce the impact of storms and floods on the surrounding communities.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Wildland Fire: Fires have been a natural part of park eco-systems. Many plants and some animals require a cycle of fire or flooding to be successful and productive. With the advent of human intervention and public access to parks, there are safety concerns for the visiting public.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Green_Park_Plan">Green Park Plan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Green Park Plan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 2010, the NPS released its Climate Change Response Strategy, followed in April 2012 by the Green Parks Plan.<sup id="cite_ref-green_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-green-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Climate_Friendly_Parks_Program">Climate Friendly Parks Program</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Climate Friendly Parks Program"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Climate Friendly Parks Program is a subset of the Green Parks Plan.<sup id="cite_ref-green_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-green-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was created in collaboration between the NPS and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">US Environmental Protection Agency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CFPP_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFPP-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The program is meant to measure and reduce greenhouse gases to help slow the effects of climate change. </p><p>Parks in the CFP program create and implement plans to reduce greenhouse gases through reducing energy and water use. Facilities are designed and retrofitted using sustainable materials. Alternative transportation systems are developed to reduce dependency on fossil fuels.<sup id="cite_ref-CFPposter_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFPposter-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parks in the program offer public education programs about how the parks are already affected. </p><p>The CFP program provides climate-friendly solutions to the visiting public, like using clean energy, reducing waste, and making smart transportation choices.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CFP program can provide technical assistance, tools and resources for the parks and their neighboring communities to protect the natural and cultural resources.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The large, isolated parks typically generate their own electricity and heat and must do so without spoiling the values that the visitors have come to experience. Pollution is emitted by the vehicles used to transport visitors around the often-vast expanses of the parks. Many parks have converted vehicles to <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybrid electric vehicles">electric hybrids</a>, and substitute <a href="/wiki/Diesel-electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Diesel-electric">diesel/electric hybrid buses</a> for private automobiles. In 2001 it was estimated that replacement with <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">electric vehicles</a> would eliminate 25 TPY emissions entirely.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, the NPS estimated that reducing bottled water could eliminate 6,000 tons of carbon emissions and 8 million kilowatt-hours of electricity every year. The NPS Concessions office voiced concerns about concessions impacts.<sup id="cite_ref-Norton_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norton-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2014, 23 parks had banned disposable water bottles.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, the <a href="/wiki/International_Bottled_Water_Association" title="International Bottled Water Association">International Bottled Water Association</a> stated the NPS was "leaving sugary drinks as a primary alternative", even though the Park Service provides water stations to refill bottles, "encouraging visitors to hydrate for free". The Water Association made the national parks one of its top lobbying targets. In July 2015 Rep. <a href="/wiki/Keith_Rothfus" title="Keith Rothfus">Keith Rothfus</a> added a "last-minute" amendment into Congress's appropriations bill, blocking the NPS from funding or enforcing the program.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NPS discontinued its ban on disposable water bottles in August 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cashless">Cashless</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Cashless"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In an effort to save on cash processing and hand handling fees, 22 national parks have gone <a href="/wiki/Cashless" class="mw-redirect" title="Cashless">cashless</a> as of 2023. In September 2023, US Senator <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Lummis" title="Cynthia Lummis">Cynthia Lummis</a> (R-WY) proposed the "<a href="/wiki/Protecting_Access_to_Recreation_with_Cash_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Protecting Access to Recreation with Cash Act">Protecting Access to Recreation with Cash Act</a>" (PARC) which would require national parks to accept cash as a form of payment for entrance fee.<sup id="cite_ref-Lummis_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lummis-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2024, several NPS visitors sued seeking to restore cash as a payment form noting how <a href="/wiki/Cash" title="Cash">cash</a> is <a href="/wiki/Legal_tender" title="Legal tender">legal tender</a> suitable "for all public charges" and that the "additional <a href="/wiki/Processing_fee" class="mw-redirect" title="Processing fee">processing fees</a> that will be borne by NPS and by visitors who ultimately fund the federal government through taxes, in addition to personal <a href="/wiki/Surcharge_(payment_systems)" title="Surcharge (payment systems)">surcharges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bank_fee" title="Bank fee">bank fees</a> visitors may incur under NPS cashless policy."<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_acts">Related acts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Related acts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_National_Interest_Lands_Conservation_Act" title="Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act">Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act</a> of 1980</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiquities_Act" title="Antiquities Act">Antiquities Act</a> or Lacy Act of 1906</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Natural_Resources_Act_of_2008" title="Consolidated Natural Resources Act of 2008">Consolidated Natural Resources Act of 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered Species Act">Endangered Species Act</a> of 1973</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act_Amendments_of_1978" title="Endangered Species Act Amendments of 1978">Endangered Species Act Amendments of 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_Wildlife_Coordination_Act" title="Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act">Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act</a> of 1934</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_American_Outdoors_Act" title="Great American Outdoors Act">Great American Outdoors Act</a> of 2020</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Sites_Act" title="Historic Sites Act">Historic Sites Act</a> of 1935</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacey_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacey Act">Lacey Act</a> of 1900 (Wildlife preservation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Mammal_Protection_Act_of_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972">Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Environmental_Policy_Act" title="National Environmental Policy Act">National Environmental Policy Act</a> of 1970 (NEPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Preservation_Act_of_1966" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Preservation Act of 1966">National Historic Preservation Act of 1966</a> (NHPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_General_Authorities_Act" title="National Park Service General Authorities Act">National Park Service General Authorities Act</a> of 1970</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_Organic_Act" title="National Park Service Organic Act">National Park Service Organic Act</a> of 1916</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Wild_and_Scenic_River" class="mw-redirect" title="National Wild and Scenic River">National Wild and Scenic River</a> of 1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwood_Act_(1978)" title="Redwood Act (1978)">Redwood Act of 1978</a>, creating one protection standard for the System</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Conservation_and_Recovery_Act" title="Resource Conservation and Recovery Act">Resource Conservation and Recovery Act</a> of 1976</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilderness_Act" title="Wilderness Act">Wilderness Act</a> of 1964</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People">People</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Individuals">Individuals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Individuals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansel_Franklin_Hall" title="Ansel Franklin Hall">Ansel Franklin Hall</a>, first Chief Naturalist and first Chief Forester of the NPS</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kent_(U.S._Congressman)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Kent (U.S. Congressman)">William Kent (U.S. Congressman)</a>, donated early parklands to the government</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Lacey" title="John F. Lacey">John F. Lacey</a>, congressman from Iowa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Yount" title="Harry Yount">Harry Yount</a>, progenitor of the modern national park ranger</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roles">Roles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Roles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Park_Service_personnel" title="Category:National Park Service personnel">National Park People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Ranger" class="mw-redirect" title="National Park Ranger">National Park Ranger</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_organizations">Related organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Related organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Foundation" title="National Park Foundation">National Park Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Parks_Conservation_Association" title="National Parks Conservation Association">National Parks Conservation Association</a> (NPCA)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_links">Other links</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Other links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt_National_Park_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Alt National Park Service">Alt National Park Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_and_Water_Conservation_Fund" title="Land and Water Conservation Fund">Land and Water Conservation Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Passport_Stamps" class="mw-redirect" title="National Park Passport Stamps">National Park Passport Stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_Rustic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Park Service Rustic">National Park Service Rustic</a>, style of architecture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_uniforms" title="National Park Service uniforms">National Park Service uniforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Travelers_Club" title="National Park Travelers Club">National Park Travelers Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_to_Park_Highway" title="National Park to Park Highway">National Park to Park Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Park_Police" title="United States Park Police">US Parks Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Forest_Reservations_and_the_Protection_of_Game" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Forest Reservations and the Protection of Game">United States Senate Committee on Forest Reservations and the Protection of Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilderness_preservation_systems_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilderness preservation systems in the United States">Wilderness preservation systems in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United States">List of World Heritage Sites in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Szabó, Andrea; Ujhelyi, Gergely (2024). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047272724000094">National parks and economic development</a>". <i>Journal of Public Economics</i>. <b>–</b> Includes a dataset of the history of the US National Park System.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Emp1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emp1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emp1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emp1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emp1_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/faqs.htm">"Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. <i>nps.gov</i>. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220418180844/https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/faqs.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nps.gov&rft.atitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Faboutus%2Ffaqs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaura_B._Comay2022" class="citation report cs1">Laura B. Comay (May 19, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11928">National Park Service: FY2022 Appropriations</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a>. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=National+Park+Service%3A+FY2022+Appropriations&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2022-05-19&rft.au=Laura+B.+Comay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrsreports.congress.gov%2Fproduct%2Fpdf%2FIF%2FIF11928&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doi.gov/blog/americas-public-lands-explained">"America's Public Lands Explained"</a>. <i>www.doi.gov</i>. June 10, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220420183605/https://www.doi.gov/blog/americas-public-lands-explained">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.doi.gov&rft.atitle=America%27s+Public+Lands+Explained&rft.date=2016-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.doi.gov%2Fblog%2Famericas-public-lands-explained&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm">"National Park System"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i>. March 18, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220420174702/https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=National+Park+System&rft.date=2022-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Faboutus%2Fnational-park-system.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-national-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-national_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/management/national-park-service-organic-act-1916.htm">"The National Park Service Organic Act (1916)"</a>. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200522161212/https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/management/national-park-service-organic-act-1916.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+National+Park+Service+Organic+Act+%281916%29&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fyell%2Flearn%2Fmanagement%2Fnational-park-service-organic-act-1916.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/index.htm">"What We Do"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i>. June 9, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220418180900/https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=What+We+Do&rft.date=2021-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Faboutus%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/npshistory-origins.htm">"Origin of the National Park Idea"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i>. March 10, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220420180823/https://www.nps.gov/articles/npshistory-origins.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=Origin+of+the+National+Park+Idea&rft.date=2016-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Farticles%2Fnpshistory-origins.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/historyculture/yellowstoneestablishment.htm">"Birth of a National Park"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220420035655/https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/historyculture/yellowstoneestablishment.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=Birth+of+a+National+Park&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fyell%2Flearn%2Fhistoryculture%2Fyellowstoneestablishment.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnson, Shelton <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/hisnps/NPShistorians/invisiblemen2.pdf">Invisible Men: Buffalo Soldiers of the Sierra Nevada</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061010065537/http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/hisnps/NPShistorians/invisiblemen2.pdf">Archived</a> October 10, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Park Histories: Sequoia NP (and Kings Canyon NP), National Park Service. Retrieved: 2007-05-18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/director-stephen-mather.htm">"1st National Park Service Director: Stephen T. Mather"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i>. February 6, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220420181736/https://www.nps.gov/articles/director-stephen-mather.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=1st+National+Park+Service+Director%3A+Stephen+T.+Mather&rft.date=2018-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Farticles%2Fdirector-stephen-mather.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/sontag/yard.htm">"Biography: Robert Sterling Yard"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i>. March 27, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220420183321/https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/sontag/yard.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=Biography%3A+Robert+Sterling+Yard&rft.date=2017-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fparkhistory%2Fonline_books%2Fsontag%2Fyard.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/quick-nps-history.htm">"Quick History of the National Park Service"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i>. May 14, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309170544/https://www.nps.gov/articles/quick-nps-history.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=Quick+History+of+the+National+Park+Service&rft.date=2018-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Farticles%2Fquick-nps-history.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/enrd/nps-organic-act">"NPS Organic Act"</a>. <i>Department of Justice</i>. April 13, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220421002242/https://www.justice.gov/enrd/nps-organic-act">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Justice&rft.atitle=NPS+Organic+Act&rft.date=2015-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov%2Fenrd%2Fnps-organic-act&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/hisnps/npshistory/directors.htm">"Directors of the National Park Service"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121014849/https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/hisnps/NPSHistory/directors.htm">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=Directors+of+the+National+Park+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fparkhistory%2Fhisnps%2Fnpshistory%2Fdirectors.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/npshistory-changing-times.htm">"The NPS in Changing Times"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i>. March 11, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220421002752/https://www.nps.gov/articles/npshistory-changing-times.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=The+NPS+in+Changing+Times&rft.date=2016-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Farticles%2Fnpshistory-changing-times.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shaping-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shaping_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shaping_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The National Parks: Shaping the System; National Park Service, Dept of the Interior; 1991; pg 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/sontag/wirth.htm">"Conrad L. Wirth"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i>. March 27, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210510013745/https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/sontag/wirth.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=Conrad+L.+Wirth&rft.date=2017-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fparkhistory%2Fonline_books%2Fsontag%2Fwirth.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlassberg,_David2022" class="citation report cs1">Glassberg, David (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rockarch.issuelab.org/resources/39735/39735.pdf">Laurance S. Rockefeller and the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission: Race, Recreation, and the National Parks</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Rockefeller Archives Center Research Reports. <q>This project focuses on the links between the conservation movement and civil rights through an examination of the reach and impact of the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission (ORRRC) and its chairman, Laurance S. Rockefeller (LSR). The Commission's landmark report in 1962 identified large racial disparities in access to public lands and recreation across the USA, which prompted the National Park Service (NPS) to establish new National Recreation Areas and Historical Parks in urban areas in the 1960s and 1970s. The project examines the history of the ORRRC, contextualizes the Commission's work within the longer history of the civil rights movement's efforts to desegregate state and national parks, and NPS efforts to increase recreational opportunities in urban areas.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Laurance+S.+Rockefeller+and+the+Outdoor+Recreation+Resources+Review+Commission%3A+Race%2C+Recreation%2C+and+the+National+Parks&rft.pub=Rockefeller+Archives+Center+Research+Reports&rft.date=2022&rft.au=Glassberg%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frockarch.issuelab.org%2Fresources%2F39735%2F39735.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeopoldCainCottamGabrielson1963" class="citation web cs1">Leopold, A S; <a href="/wiki/Stanley_A._Cain" title="Stanley A. Cain">Cain, S A</a>; <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Cottam" title="Clarence Cottam">Cottam, C M</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ira_Noel_Gabrielson" title="Ira Noel Gabrielson">Gabrielson, I N</a>; Kimball, T L (March 4, 1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://npshistory.com/publications/leopold_report.pdf">"Wildlife Management in the National Parks"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210818194153/http://npshistory.com/publications/leopold_report.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on August 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wildlife+Management+in+the+National+Parks&rft.pub=U.S.+National+Park+Service&rft.date=1963-03-04&rft.aulast=Leopold&rft.aufirst=A+S&rft.au=Cain%2C+S+A&rft.au=Cottam%2C+C+M&rft.au=Gabrielson%2C+I+N&rft.au=Kimball%2C+T+L&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnpshistory.com%2Fpublications%2Fleopold_report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorton1994" class="citation book cs1">Norton, Bryan G (1994). <i>Toward Unity Among Environmentalists</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-509397-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-509397-6"><bdi>0-19-509397-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Toward+Unity+Among+Environmentalists&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-19-509397-6&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Bryan+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnowles2012" class="citation web cs1">Knowles, Tony; et al. (August 25, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/calltoaction/PDF/LeopoldReport_2012.pdf">"Revisiting Leopold: Resource Stewardship in the National Parks (2012)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211101175136/https://www.nps.gov/calltoaction/PDF/LeopoldReport_2012.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 1, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Revisiting+Leopold%3A+Resource+Stewardship+in+the+National+Parks+%282012%29&rft.pub=U.S.+National+Park+Service&rft.date=2012-08-25&rft.aulast=Knowles&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fcalltoaction%2FPDF%2FLeopoldReport_2012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchuurman" class="citation web cs1">Schuurman, Gregor W; et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/654543">"Resist-Accept-Direct (RAD): A Decision Framework for the 21st-century Natural Resource Manager (2021)"</a>. <i>IRMA Portal</i>. U.S. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211018221833/https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/654543">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IRMA+Portal&rft.atitle=Resist-Accept-Direct+%28RAD%29%3A+A+Decision+Framework+for+the+21st-century+Natural+Resource+Manager+%282021%29&rft.aulast=Schuurman&rft.aufirst=Gregor+W&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firma.nps.gov%2FDataStore%2FDownloadFile%2F654543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/subjects/climatechange/resistacceptdirect.htm">"Resist-Accept-Direct Framework"</a>. <i>Climate Change</i>. U.S. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211016172253/https://www.nps.gov/subjects/climatechange/resistacceptdirect.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climate+Change&rft.atitle=Resist-Accept-Direct+Framework&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fsubjects%2Fclimatechange%2Fresistacceptdirect.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thompson, L. M., Lynch, A. J., Beever, E. A., Engman, A. C., Falke, J. A., Jackson, S. T., ... & Wilkening, J. L. (2021). Responding to ecosystem transformation: Resist, accept, or direct?. Fisheries, 46(1), 8–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lee, Ronald F.; Family Tree of the National Park System; Eastern National Parks, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1972; pg 9–12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-director-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-director_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>National Park Service, 2008 Director's Report</i>; National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior; Washington, D.C.; 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Criteria for Parklands brochure; Department of the Interior, National Park Service; 1990</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419002711/https://www.nps.gov/policy/mp/chapter1.htm">"Chapter 1: The Foundation"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/policy/mp/chapter1.htm">the original</a> on April 19, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=Chapter+1%3A+The+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fpolicy%2Fmp%2Fchapter1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RS/RS20158">"National Park System: Establishing New Units"</a>. Congressional Research Service. April 6, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230106174424/https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RS/RS20158">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Park+System%3A+Establishing+New+Units&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2022-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrsreports.congress.gov%2Fproduct%2Fpdf%2FRS%2FRS20158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHotakainenBogardus2023" class="citation web cs1">Hotakainen, Rob; Bogardus, Kevin (January 24, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eenews.net/articles/frustrations-mount-as-national-park-service-studies-pile-up/">"Frustrations mount as National Park Service studies pile up"</a>. <i>E&E News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230219204016/https://www.eenews.net/articles/frustrations-mount-as-national-park-service-studies-pile-up/">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=E%26E+News&rft.atitle=Frustrations+mount+as+National+Park+Service+studies+pile+up&rft.date=2023-01-24&rft.aulast=Hotakainen&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft.au=Bogardus%2C+Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eenews.net%2Farticles%2Ffrustrations-mount-as-national-park-service-studies-pile-up%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPSAboutus-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NPSAboutus_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm">"National Park System (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>. November 4, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220420174702/https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Park+System+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft.date=2020-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Faboutus%2Fnational-park-system.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The National Parks: Index 2009–2011, Official Index of the National Park Service, Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.; March 1, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/subjects/lwcf/acreagereports.htm">"AcreageReports - Land and Water Conservation Fund"</a>. <i>U.S. National Park Service</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=AcreageReports+-+Land+and+Water+Conservation+Fund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fsubjects%2Flwcf%2Facreagereports.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_34-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irma.nps.gov/Stats/SSRSReports/National%20Reports/Annual%20Park%20Ranking%20Report%20(1979%20-%20Last%20Calendar%20Year)">"Stats Report Viewer"</a>. <i>irma.nps.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=irma.nps.gov&rft.atitle=Stats+Report+Viewer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firma.nps.gov%2FStats%2FSSRSReports%2FNational%2520Reports%2FAnnual%2520Park%2520Ranking%2520Report%2520%281979%2520-%2520Last%2520Calendar%2520Year%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/pine/index.htm">National Park Service: "New Jersey Pinelands National Reserve"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120427162919/http://www.nps.gov/pine/index.htm">Archived</a> April 27, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved September 2, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FR75100-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FR75100_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FR75100_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Federal Register, Vol. 75, No. 100; Tuesday, May 25, 2010; pg 29317</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPS_Reports-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NPS_Reports_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS_Reports_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irma.nps.gov/STATS/SSRSReports/National%20Reports/Annual%20Park%20Ranking%20Report%20(1979%20-%20Last%20Calendar%20Year)">"NPS Reports"</a>. Nature.nps.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150713070837/https://irma.nps.gov/Stats/SSRSReports/National%20Reports/Annual%20Park%20Ranking%20Report%20%281979%20-%20Last%20Calendar%20Year%29">Archived</a> from the original on July 13, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NPS+Reports&rft.pub=Nature.nps.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firma.nps.gov%2FSTATS%2FSSRSReports%2FNational%2520Reports%2FAnnual%2520Park%2520Ranking%2520Report%2520%281979%2520-%2520Last%2520Calendar%2520Year%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stats-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stats_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButch_Street" class="citation web cs1">Butch Street. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916182837/https://nature.nps.gov/socialscience/docs/PUSO_Abstract_2010.pdf">"Statistical Abstract 2010"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Natural Resource Data Series NPS/NRPC/SSD/NRDS—2011/147</i>. National Park Service. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nature.nps.gov/socialscience/docs/PUSO_Abstract_2010.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Natural+Resource+Data+Series+NPS%2FNRPC%2FSSD%2FNRDS%E2%80%942011%2F147&rft.atitle=Statistical+Abstract+2010&rft.au=Butch+Street&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnature.nps.gov%2Fsocialscience%2Fdocs%2FPUSO_Abstract_2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2016/03/08/466461595/national-parks-have-a-long-to-do-list-but-cant-cover-the-repair-costs">"National Parks Have a Long To-Do List but Can't Cover the Repair Costs"</a>. <i>NPR</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200522161208/https://www.npr.org/2016/03/08/466461595/national-parks-have-a-long-to-do-list-but-cant-cover-the-repair-costs">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=National+Parks+Have+a+Long+To-Do+List+but+Can%27t+Cover+the+Repair+Costs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2016%2F03%2F08%2F466461595%2Fnational-parks-have-a-long-to-do-list-but-cant-cover-the-repair-costs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuko2020" class="citation news cs1">Puko, Timothy (August 4, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/from-yellowstone-to-yosemite-national-parks-to-get-long-awaited-overhaul-11596533401">"From Yellowstone to Yosemite, National Parks to Get Long-Awaited Overhaul"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200812182818/https://www.wsj.com/articles/from-yellowstone-to-yosemite-national-parks-to-get-long-awaited-overhaul-11596533401">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=From+Yellowstone+to+Yosemite%2C+National+Parks+to+Get+Long-Awaited+Overhaul&rft.date=2020-08-04&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Puko&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Ffrom-yellowstone-to-yosemite-national-parks-to-get-long-awaited-overhaul-11596533401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doi.gov/document-library/wildland-fire-management/attachment-12-pm-2023-001-interior-account-table-2023-cr1">"Interior Account Table 2023 CR1"</a>. <i>www.doi.gov</i>. December 2, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.doi.gov&rft.atitle=Interior+Account+Table+2023+CR1&rft.date=2022-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.doi.gov%2Fdocument-library%2Fwildland-fire-management%2Fattachment-12-pm-2023-001-interior-account-table-2023-cr1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FY2006-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FY2006_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FY2006_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">FY 2006 President's Budget, Executive Summary; National Park Service; Government Printing Office; February 7, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FY2010-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FY2010_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FY2010_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FY2010_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FY2010_43-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FY2010_43-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FY2010_43-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FY2010_43-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FY2010_43-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FY2010_43-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FY2010_43-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FY2010_43-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Budget Justification and Performance Information, Fiscal Year 2010, National Park Service, The United States Department of the Interior, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/aboutus/upload/FY_2010_greenbook.pdf">"Budget Justification and Performance Information, Fiscal Year 2010, National Park Service, The United States Department of the Interior, 2009 @ nps.gov"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150412201254/http://www.nps.gov/aboutus/upload/FY_2010_greenbook.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 12, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Budget+Justification+and+Performance+Information%2C+Fiscal+Year+2010%2C+National+Park+Service%2C+The+United+States+Department+of+the+Interior%2C+2009+%40+nps.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Faboutus%2Fupload%2FFY_2010_greenbook.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/subjects/historicpreservation/historic-preservation-fund.htm">"Historic Preservation Fund - Historic Preservation"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i>. October 19, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108155350/https://www.nps.gov/subjects/historicpreservation/historic-preservation-fund.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=Historic+Preservation+Fund+-+Historic+Preservation&rft.date=2021-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fsubjects%2Fhistoricpreservation%2Fhistoric-preservation-fund.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/semiquincentennial-grant-opportunity.htm">"Semiquincentennial Grant Opportunity"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108160048/https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/semiquincentennial-grant-opportunity.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=Semiquincentennial+Grant+Opportunity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Farticles%2F000%2Fsemiquincentennial-grant-opportunity.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYueMahoneyHerbowicz2013" class="citation web cs1">Yue, Cui; Mahoney, Ed; Herbowicz, Teresa (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130706135908/http://www.nature.nps.gov/socialscience/docs/NPSSystemEstimates2011.pdf">"Economic Benefits to Local Communities from National Park Visitation – 2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>United States. National Park Service, Department of the Interior</i>. Washington, D.C. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.nps.gov/socialscience/docs/NPSSystemEstimates2011.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 6, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States.+National+Park+Service%2C+Department+of+the+Interior&rft.atitle=Economic+Benefits+to+Local+Communities+from+National+Park+Visitation+%E2%80%93+2011&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Yue&rft.aufirst=Cui&rft.au=Mahoney%2C+Ed&rft.au=Herbowicz%2C+Teresa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.nps.gov%2Fsocialscience%2Fdocs%2FNPSSystemEstimates2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buffalo-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Buffalo_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foodservicedirector.com/operations/delaware-north-sues-national-park-service-over-yosemite-contract">"Delaware North sues park service over Yosemite contract"</a>. <i>www.foodservicedirector</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200901031200/https://www.foodservicedirector.com/operations/delaware-north-sues-national-park-service-over-yosemite-contract">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.foodservicedirector.&rft.atitle=Delaware+North+sues+park+service+over+Yosemite+contract&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodservicedirector.com%2Foperations%2Fdelaware-north-sues-national-park-service-over-yosemite-contract&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FresnoBee1-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FresnoBee1_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fresnobee.com/sports/outdoors/article24790630.html">"National Park Service offers Yosemite contract to new company"</a>. <i>www.fresnobee.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160118225140/http://www.fresnobee.com/sports/outdoors/article24790630.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fresnobee.com&rft.atitle=National+Park+Service+offers+Yosemite+contract+to+new+company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fresnobee.com%2Fsports%2Foutdoors%2Farticle24790630.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FresnoBee2-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FresnoBee2_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fresnobee.com/news/nation-world/national/article54736110.html">"Amid court battle, Yosemite park plans to change some iconic names"</a>. <i>www.fresnobee.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160118045742/http://www.fresnobee.com/news/nation-world/national/article54736110.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fresnobee.com&rft.atitle=Amid+court+battle%2C+Yosemite+park+plans+to+change+some+iconic+names&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fresnobee.com%2Fnews%2Fnation-world%2Fnational%2Farticle54736110.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SacBeeQuestions-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SacBeeQuestions_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doyle, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacbee.com/latest-news/article54952175.html">Public outcry and pressing questions follow Yosemite name changes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160118215507/http://www.sacbee.com/latest-news/article54952175.html">Archived</a> January 18, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sacramento_Bee" title="The Sacramento Bee">The Sacramento Bee</a></i>, January 15, 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LAT_20190715-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LAT_20190715_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWigglesworth2019" class="citation news cs1">Wigglesworth, Alex (July 15, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-yosemite-national-park-trademark-lawsuit-settled-20190715-story.html">"Yosemite to restore names to historic attractions under $12-million settlement"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190717173745/https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-yosemite-national-park-trademark-lawsuit-settled-20190715-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 17, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Yosemite+to+restore+names+to+historic+attractions+under+%2412-million+settlement&rft.date=2019-07-15&rft.aulast=Wigglesworth&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Flocal%2Flanow%2Fla-me-ln-yosemite-national-park-trademark-lawsuit-settled-20190715-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/aboutus/contactinformation.htm#regions">"Washington Contacts"</a>. Nps.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100828033811/http://www.nps.gov/aboutus/contactinformation.htm#regions">Archived</a> from the original on August 28, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Washington+Contacts&rft.pub=Nps.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Faboutus%2Fcontactinformation.htm%23regions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/aboutus/index.htm">"NPS About US"</a>. Nps.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120126164346/http://www.nps.gov/aboutus/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NPS+About+US&rft.pub=Nps.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Faboutus%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Park Service Headquarters Organization, March 2009<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (March 2020)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Fiscal Year nnnn Budget Justifications;, where nnnn = 2000, 2001, 2003, 2006, and 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Park Ranger, The Work, Thrills and Equipment of the National Park Rangers</i>, Colby, C.B.; Coward-McCann, Inc., New York, 1955</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Careers in the National Parks</i>; Gartner, Bob; The Rosen Publishing Company, New York; 1993</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-05Report-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-05Report_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/archive/volunteer/managedocs.htm">"Director's Order #7: Volunteers in Parks; June 13, 2005; Department of the Interior, National Park Service"</a>. Nps.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090530062003/http://www.nps.gov/archive/volunteer/managedocs.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Director%27s+Order+%237%3A+Volunteers+in+Parks%3B+June+13%2C+2005%3B+Department+of+the+Interior%2C+National+Park+Service&rft.pub=Nps.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Farchive%2Fvolunteer%2Fmanagedocs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brochure-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brochure_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brochure_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Volunteers in Parks; National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.; 1990</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Volunteer in Parks, FY05 Annual Report, Department of the Interior, National Park Service; GPO, Washington D.C.; 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nps.gov-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nps.gov_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/index.htm">"NPS.gov Homepage (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19970420085402/https://www.nps.gov/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=NPS.gov+Homepage+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amtrak.com/trails-rails-heritage-appreciation-during-your-train-ride">"Amtrak"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170328070821/https://www.amtrak.com/trails-rails-heritage-appreciation-during-your-train-ride">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amtrak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amtrak.com%2Ftrails-rails-heritage-appreciation-during-your-train-ride&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/subjects/amtraktrailsandrails/about.htm">"Partnering to Connect People with Places - Amtrak Trails & Rails"</a>. <i>U.S. National Park Service</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170404180648/https://www.nps.gov/subjects/amtraktrailsandrails/about.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=Partnering+to+Connect+People+with+Places+-+Amtrak+Trails+%26+Rails&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fsubjects%2Famtraktrailsandrails%2Fabout.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/archive/volunteer/air.htm">"NPS Artist-in-Residence"</a>. Nps.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100904011109/http://www.nps.gov/archive/volunteer/air.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 4, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NPS+Artist-in-Residence&rft.pub=Nps.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Farchive%2Fvolunteer%2Fair.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/54/102701">"54 U.S. Code § 102701 - Law enforcement personnel within System"</a>. <i>Legal Information Institute</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804045205/https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/54/102701">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legal+Information+Institute&rft.atitle=54+U.S.+Code+%C2%A7+102701+-+Law+enforcement+personnel+within+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fuscode%2Ftext%2F54%2F102701&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/uspp/">"United States Park Police"</a>. Nps.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219025821/http://www.nps.gov/uspp/">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Park+Police&rft.pub=Nps.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fuspp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pwrcms.nps.gov/gettinginvolved/youthprograms/scaopportunities.htm">SCA</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2016">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160920193920/https://pwrcms.nps.gov/gettinginvolved/youthprograms/thecorpsnetwork.htm">"The Corps Network"</a>. September 20, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pwrcms.nps.gov/gettinginvolved/youthprograms/thecorpsnetwork.htm">the original</a> on September 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Corps+Network&rft.date=2016-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpwrcms.nps.gov%2Fgettinginvolved%2Fyouthprograms%2Fthecorpsnetwork.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pwrcms.nps.gov/gettinginvolved/youthprograms/ycc.htm">YCC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151102091723/https://pwrcms.nps.gov/gettinginvolved/youthprograms/ycc.htm">Archived</a> November 2, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pwrcms.nps.gov/gettinginvolved/youthprograms/plc.htm">PLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151102092434/https://pwrcms.nps.gov/gettinginvolved/youthprograms/plc.htm">Archived</a> November 2, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/archeology/index.htm">"National Park Service Archeology Program"</a>. National Park Service. April 30, 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090831012152/http://www.nps.gov/archeology/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 31, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Park+Service+Archeology+Program&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.date=1996-04-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Farcheology%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/ncrc/programs/rtca/">"Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program"</a>. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080403090432/http://www.nps.gov/ncrc/programs/rtca/">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rivers%2C+Trails%2C+and+Conservation+Assistance+Program&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fncrc%2Fprograms%2Frtca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/ncrc/programs/ccsp/">"Challenge Cost Share Program"</a>. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080406064634/http://www.nps.gov/ncrc/programs/ccsp">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Challenge+Cost+Share+Program&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fncrc%2Fprograms%2Fccsp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/flp/">"Federal Lands to Parks"</a>. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080410213129/http://www.nps.gov/flp/">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federal+Lands+to+Parks&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fflp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/hydro/">"Hydropower Relicensing Program"</a>. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070204095314/http://www.nps.gov/hydro">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hydropower+Relicensing+Program&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fhydro%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/lwcf/">"Land and Water Conservation Fund"</a>. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080415103650/http://www.nps.gov/lwcf/">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Land+and+Water+Conservation+Fund&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Flwcf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/nts/">"National Trails System"</a>. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080410235357/http://www.nps.gov/nts/">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Trails+System&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/pwsr/">"Partnership Wild & Scenic Rivers"</a>. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080224172525/http://www.nps.gov/pwsr/">Archived</a> from the original on February 24, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Partnership+Wild+%26+Scenic+Rivers&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fpwsr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/orgs/1050/index.htm">"Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151205225814/http://www.nps.gov/orgs/1050/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Natural+Sounds+and+Night+Skies+Division+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Forgs%2F1050%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1098/index.htm">"the Historic Preservation Training Center (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151205225814/http://www.nps.gov/orgs/1050/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=the+Historic+Preservation+Training+Center+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Forgs%2F1098%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1563/index.htm">"Investigative Services"</a>. <i>www.nps.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nps.gov&rft.atitle=Investigative+Services&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Forgs%2F1563%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RRR10261-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RRR10261_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RRR10261_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNimz,_JClark,_T2012" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-unfit">Nimz, J; Clark, T (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130922223744/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/10261">"Aquatic Research Opportunities with the National Park Service"</a>. <i>In: Steller D, Lobel L, Eds. Diving for Science 2012. Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences 31st Symposium</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9800423-6-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9800423-6-8"><bdi>978-0-9800423-6-8</bdi></a>. Archived from the original on September 22, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In%3A+Steller+D%2C+Lobel+L%2C+Eds.+Diving+for+Science+2012.+Proceedings+of+the+American+Academy+of+Underwater+Sciences+31st+Symposium&rft.atitle=Aquatic+Research+Opportunities+with+the+National+Park+Service&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-9800423-6-8&rft.au=Nimz%2C+J&rft.au=Clark%2C+T&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.rubicon-foundation.org%2F10261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/subjects/ncptt/index.htm">"National Center for Preservation Technology & Training (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108161841/https://www.nps.gov/subjects/ncptt/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=National+Center+for+Preservation+Technology+%26+Training+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fsubjects%2Fncptt%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NPS brochure A Heritage So Rich</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Park Service Almanac, Edited and Compiled by Ben Moffett and Vickie Carson, Rocky Mountain Region – Public Affairs, 1994</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/hdp/hals/">"About HALS | HABS/HAER/HALS"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108112028/https://www.nps.gov/hdp/hals/">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=About+HALS+%7C+HABS%2FHAER%2FHALS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fhdp%2Fhals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/orgs/rtca/index.htm">"Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=Rivers%2C+Trails%2C+and+Conservation+Assistance+Program&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Forgs%2Frtca%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/index.htm">"What We Do (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=What+We+Do+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Faboutus%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance Program brochure; National Park Service, Department of the Interior</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1379/index.htm">"Japanese American Confinement Sites Grant Program"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230426114952/https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1379/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=Japanese+American+Confinement+Sites+Grant+Program&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Forgs%2F1379%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jacl.org/japanese-american-confinement-education-act">"Japanese American Confinement Education Act"</a>. <i>JACL</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230423154847/https://jacl.org/japanese-american-confinement-education-act">Archived</a> from the original on April 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JACL&rft.atitle=Japanese+American+Confinement+Education+Act&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjacl.org%2Fjapanese-american-confinement-education-act&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Trails System Map and Guide; National Park Service (DOI); Bureau of Land Management (DOI); Forest Service (USDA): Government Printing Office, 1993</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NGS-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NGS_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NGS_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071225062349/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/field/projects/bioblitz.html">"BioBlitz, Species Inventory Information, Facts"</a>. <i>National Geographic</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.com/field/projects/bioblitz.html">the original</a> on December 25, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=BioBlitz%2C+Species+Inventory+Information%2C+Facts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Ffield%2Fprojects%2Fbioblitz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110714160918/http://www.nationalparkstraveler.com/2009/05/indiana-dunes-national-lakeshore-bioblitz-latest-tally-above-1-700-species">"National Parks Traveler, May 17th, 2009; Kurt Repanshek"</a>. Nationalparkstraveler.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalparkstraveler.com/2009/05/indiana-dunes-national-lakeshore-bioblitz-latest-tally-above-1-700-species">the original</a> on July 14, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Parks+Traveler%2C+May+17th%2C+2009%3B+Kurt+Repanshek&rft.pub=Nationalparkstraveler.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalparkstraveler.com%2F2009%2F05%2Findiana-dunes-national-lakeshore-bioblitz-latest-tally-above-1-700-species&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biscayne_BioBlitz_page-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Biscayne_BioBlitz_page_96-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biscayne_BioBlitz_page_96-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/bisc/naturescience/bioblitzplants.htm">"Biscayne BioBlitz page"</a>. Nps.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110518080705/http://www.nps.gov/bisc/naturescience/bioblitzplants.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 18, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biscayne+BioBlitz+page&rft.pub=Nps.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fbisc%2Fnaturescience%2Fbioblitzplants.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arrowhead19-3-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Arrowhead19-3_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arrowhead; The Newsletter of the Employees & Alumni Association of the National Park Service; Eastern National; Spring/Summer 2012, vol. 19 no. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraun2012" class="citation web cs1">Braun, David (August 26, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121105011955/http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2012/08/26/bioblitz-finds-489-species-in-rocky-mountain-national-park/">"BioBlitz Finds 489 Species in Rocky Mountain National Park"</a>. National Geographic Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2012/08/26/bioblitz-finds-489-species-in-rocky-mountain-national-park/">the original</a> on November 5, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BioBlitz+Finds+489+Species+in+Rocky+Mountain+National+Park&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Society&rft.date=2012-08-26&rft.aulast=Braun&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewswatch.nationalgeographic.com%2F2012%2F08%2F26%2Fbioblitz-finds-489-species-in-rocky-mountain-national-park%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121031120018/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/explorers/projects/bioblitz/bioblitz-la-2013">"BioBlitz 2013: Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve"</a>. National Geographic Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.com/explorers/projects/bioblitz/bioblitz-la-2013/">the original</a> on October 31, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BioBlitz+2013%3A+Jean+Lafitte+National+Historical+Park+and+Preserve&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fexplorers%2Fprojects%2Fbioblitz%2Fbioblitz-la-2013%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webpage-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-webpage_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webpage_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webpage_100-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webpage_100-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/subjects/biodiversity/the-nps-national-geographic-society-bioblitzes.htm">"The NPS/National Geographic Society BioBlitzes"</a>. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210605142158/https://www.nps.gov/subjects/biodiversity/the-nps-national-geographic-society-bioblitzes.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+NPS%2FNational+Geographic+Society+BioBlitzes&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fsubjects%2Fbiodiversity%2Fthe-nps-national-geographic-society-bioblitzes.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Biological Diversity brochure; National Park Service; 1993</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Climate Change in National Parks brochure; Dept of the Interior, National Park Service; 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://data2.itc.nps.gov/budget2/documents/south_florida_restoration_initiative.pdf">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120222172006/http://data2.itc.nps.gov/budget2/documents/south_florida_restoration_initiative.pdf">Archived</a> February 22, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://data2.itc.nps.gov/budget2/documents/vanishing_treasures_initiative.pdf">[2]</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2017">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wetlands in the National Parks; Dept of the Interior, National Park Service; 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Managing Wildland Fire brochure; Dept of the Interior, National Park Service & <a href="/wiki/National_Interagency_Fire_Center" title="National Interagency Fire Center">National Interagency Fire Center</a>; 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-green-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-green_107-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-green_107-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Park_Service2019" class="citation web cs1">National Park Service (July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/subjects/sustainability/green-parks.htm">"Green Parks Plan"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190702033533/https://www.nps.gov/subjects/sustainability/green-parks.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Green+Parks+Plan&rft.date=2019-07&rft.au=National+Park+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fsubjects%2Fsustainability%2Fgreen-parks.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CFPP-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CFPP_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Park_Service" class="citation web cs1">National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/climatefriendlyparks/">"Climate Friendly Parks Program"</a>. US Dpt of the Interior. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904045618/http://www.nps.gov/climatefriendlyparks/">Archived</a> from the original on September 4, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Friendly+Parks+Program&rft.pub=US+Dpt+of+the+Interior&rft.au=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fclimatefriendlyparks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CFPposter-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CFPposter_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Climate Friendly Parks, Environmental Leadership Program; National Park Service, Harpers Ferry, WV, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeth_Shteir2010" class="citation web cs1">Seth Shteir (April 9, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hcn.org/blogs/grange/climate-friendly-national-parks">"The Grange; Climate Friendly National Parks"</a>. High Country News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100412130813/http://www.hcn.org/blogs/grange/climate-friendly-national-parks">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Grange%3B+Climate+Friendly+National+Parks&rft.pub=High+Country+News&rft.date=2010-04-09&rft.au=Seth+Shteir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hcn.org%2Fblogs%2Fgrange%2Fclimate-friendly-national-parks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Park_Service" class="citation web cs1">National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/climatefriendlyparks/explore/index.html">"Explore Climate Friendly Parks"</a>. Nps.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606064519/http://www.nps.gov/climatefriendlyparks/explore/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Explore+Climate+Friendly+Parks&rft.pub=Nps.gov&rft.au=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fclimatefriendlyparks%2Fexplore%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Don Shepherd <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/conference/ei10/intemissions/shepherd.pdf">Estimating and Reducing Emissions from Within National Parks</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111210050136/http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/conference/ei10/intemissions/shepherd.pdf">Archived</a> December 10, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> National Park Service, April 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Norton-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Norton_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorton2010" class="citation web cs1">Norton, Shawn (January 5, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180417031022/https://www.peer.org/assets/docs/nps/12_2_11_env_consequences.pdf">"Plastic Water Bottles in National Parks and the Green Parks Plan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Park Service. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://act.credoaction.com/go/9668?t=10&akid=15494.2141429.laLjhy">the original</a> on April 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Plastic+Water+Bottles+in+National+Parks+and+the+Green+Parks+Plan&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.date=2010-01-05&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Shawn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fact.credoaction.com%2Fgo%2F9668%3Ft%3D10%26akid%3D15494.2141429.laLjhy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904050747/http://wilderness.org/blog/nearly-two-dozen-national-park-sites-ban-plastic-water-bottle-sales">"Nearly two dozen national park sites ban plastic water bottle sales"</a>. The Wilderness Society. April 10, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wilderness.org/blog/nearly-two-dozen-national-park-sites-ban-plastic-water-bottle-sales">the original</a> on September 4, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nearly+two+dozen+national+park+sites+ban+plastic+water+bottle+sales&rft.pub=The+Wilderness+Society&rft.date=2014-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwilderness.org%2Fblog%2Fnearly-two-dozen-national-park-sites-ban-plastic-water-bottle-sales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lisa Rein, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/federal-eye/wp/2015/07/13/how-big-water-is-trying-to-stop-the-national-park-service-from-cleaning-up-plastic-bottles/">How Big Water is trying to stop the National Park Service from cleaning up plastic bottles fouling the parks</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151004210554/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/federal-eye/wp/2015/07/13/how-big-water-is-trying-to-stop-the-national-park-service-from-cleaning-up-plastic-bottles/">Archived</a> October 4, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Washington Post, July 13, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1207/08-16-2017-water-bottles.htm">"National Park Service Ends Effort to Eliminate Sale of Disposable Water Bottles"</a>. <i>National Park Service</i>. August 16, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180924191629/https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1207/08-16-2017-water-bottles.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=National+Park+Service+Ends+Effort+to+Eliminate+Sale+of+Disposable+Water+Bottles&rft.date=2017-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Forgs%2F1207%2F08-16-2017-water-bottles.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lummis-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lummis_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lummis.senate.gov/press-releases/lummis-introduces-bill-to-require-national-parks-to-accept-cash/">"Lummis Introduces Bill to Require National Parks to Accept Cash » Senator Cynthia Lummis"</a>. <i>Senator Cynthia Lummis</i>. September 21, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Senator+Cynthia+Lummis&rft.atitle=Lummis+Introduces+Bill+to+Require+National+Parks+to+Accept+Cash+%C2%BB+Senator+Cynthia+Lummis&rft.date=2023-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lummis.senate.gov%2Fpress-releases%2Flummis-introduces-bill-to-require-national-parks-to-accept-cash%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHauser2024" class="citation news cs1">Hauser, Christine (March 21, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/21/us/cashless-national-parks-lawsuit.html">"U.S. Park Service Says to Leave Your Cash at Home, but Some Object"</a>. The New York Times<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=U.S.+Park+Service+Says+to+Leave+Your+Cash+at+Home%2C+but+Some+Object&rft.date=2024-03-21&rft.aulast=Hauser&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F03%2F21%2Fus%2Fcashless-national-parks-lawsuit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLin2024" class="citation news cs1">Lin, Summer (March 20, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-03-20/the-national-park-service-will-only-take-plastic-at-its-parks-three-visitors-are-suing-to-use-cash">"The National Park Service will only take plastic at its parks. Three visitors are suing to use cash"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=The+National+Park+Service+will+only+take+plastic+at+its+parks.+Three+visitors+are+suing+to+use+cash&rft.date=2024-03-20&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=Summer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fcalifornia%2Fstory%2F2024-03-20%2Fthe-national-park-service-will-only-take-plastic-at-its-parks-three-visitors-are-suing-to-use-cash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolder2024" class="citation news cs1">Golder, Dave (March 18, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/irate-visitors-sue-national-park-110246811.html">"Irate visitors sue National Park Service over cashless entrance fees"</a>. <i>Yahoo Life</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+Life&rft.atitle=Irate+visitors+sue+National+Park+Service+over+cashless+entrance+fees&rft.date=2024-03-18&rft.aulast=Golder&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yahoo.com%2Flifestyle%2Firate-visitors-sue-national-park-110246811.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Albright, Horace M. (as told to Robert Cahn). <i>The Birth of the National Park Service</i>. Salt Lake City: Howe Brothers, 1985.</li> <li>Albright, Horace M, and Marian Albright Schenck. <i>Creating the National Park Service: The Missing Years</i>. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerkowitz2017" class="citation book cs1">Berkowitz, Paul D. (2017). <i>The Ranger Image and Noble Cause Corruption in the National Park Service</i>. Walterville Oregon: Trine Day Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-63424-126-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-63424-126-7"><bdi>978-1-63424-126-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ranger+Image+and+Noble+Cause+Corruption+in+the+National+Park+Service&rft.place=Walterville+Oregon&rft.pub=Trine+Day+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-63424-126-7&rft.aulast=Berkowitz&rft.aufirst=Paul+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Park+Service" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Berkowitz, Paul D., <i>The Case of the Indian Trader</i>, University of New Mexico Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-4860-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-4860-9">978-0-8263-4860-9</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-4859-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-4859-3">978-0-8263-4859-3</a>, 2011.</li> <li>Dilsaver, Lary M., ed. <i>America's National Park System: The Critical Documents</i>. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1994.</li> <li>Everhardt, William C. <i>The National Park Service</i>. New York: Praeger, 1972.</li> <li>Forrant, Robert and Mary-Anne Trasciatti, eds. <i>Where Are the Workers? Labor’s Stories at Museums and Historic Sites. </i>University of Illinois Press, 2022.</li> <li>Foresta, Ronald A. <i>America's National Parks and Their Keepers</i>. Washington: Resources for the Future, 1985.</li> <li>Freemuth, John. <i>Islands Under Siege: National Parks and the Politics of External Threats</i>. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1991.</li> <li>Garrison, Lemuel A;. <i>The Making of a Ranger</i>. Salt Lake City: Howe Brothers, 1983.</li> <li>Gartner, Bob; <i>Exploring Careers in the National Parks</i>. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. 1993</li> <li>Hartzog, George B. Jr; <i>Battling for the National Parks</i>; Moyer Bell Limited; Mt. Kisco, New York; 1988</li> <li>Ise, John. <i>Our National Park Policy: A Critical History</i>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1961.</li> <li>Lee, Ronald F.; <i>Family Tree of the National Park System</i>; Eastern National Parks, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1972</li> <li>Lowery, William. <i>Repairing Paradise: The Restoration of Nature in America's National Parks</i>. Washington: Brookings, 2009</li> <li>Mackintosh, Barry. <i>The National Parks: Shaping the System</i>. Washington: National Park Service, 1991.</li> <li><i>National Parks for the 21st Century; The Vail Agenda</i>; The National Park Foundation, 1991</li> <li><i>National Park Service Almanac</i>, Edited and Compiled by Ben Moffett and Vickie Carson: Rocky Mountain Region, National Park Service, 1991, revised 2006</li> <li><i>The National Parks: Shaping The System</i>; National Park Service, Washington D.C. 1991.</li> <li>Rettie, Dwight F.; <i>Our National Park System</i>; University of Illinois Press; Urbana, Illinois; 1995</li> <li>Ridenour, James M. <i>The National Parks Compromised: Pork Barrel Politics and America's Treasures</i>. Merrillville, IN: ICS Books, 1994.</li> <li>Rothman, Hal K. <i>Preserving Different Pasts: The American National Monuments</i>. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1989.</li> <li>Runte, Alfred. <i>National Parks, the American Experience</i>, Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1987.</li> <li>Sellars, Richard West. <i>Preserving Nature in the National Parks: A History</i>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.</li> <li>Shankland, Robert; <i>Steve Mather of the National Parks</i>; Alfred A. Knopf, New York; 1970</li> <li>Sontag, William H.<i> National Park Service: The First 75 Years</i>. Philadelphia: Eastern National Park & Monument Assn., 1991.</li> <li>Sutter, Paul. 2002. <i>Driven Wild: How the Fight against Automobiles Launched the Modern Wilderness Movement</i>. Seattle: University of Washington press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-295-98219-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-295-98219-9">978-0-295-98219-9</a>.</li> <li>Swain, Donald. <i>Wilderness Defender: Horace M. Albright and Conservation</i>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.</li> <li>Udall, Stewart L., <i>The Quiet Crisis</i>. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1963.</li> <li>Wirth, Conrad L. <i>Parks, Politics, and the People</i>. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1980.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sources">Other sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Other sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theusaonline.com/gallery/national-parks/index.htm">Gallery of all US National Parks</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2025">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> (does not include National Park System units of any other designation)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbase.com/ambadale/signs/">Gallery of National Park "Welcome" Signs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091025155211/http://www.thefederalregister.com/b.p/agency/National_Park_Service/">National Park Service Meeting Notices and Rule Changes</a> from The Federal Register <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080124011511/http://www.thefederalregister.com/rss/agency/National_Park_Service/">RSS Feed</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/079.html#79.6.8">Records of the National Park Service</a>, including an administrative history and a list of regional offices of the National Park Service up to 1988</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalparks.org/">National Park Foundation</a>, the Congressionally chartered national charitable partner of America's National Parks</li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.ntis.ava19377vnb1"><i>National Parks: An American Legacy (1992)</i></a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:National_Park_Service_(United_States_Department_of_the_Interior)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:National Park Service (United States Department of the Interior)">National Park Service (United States Department of the Interior)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/National_Park_Service" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/National Park Service">National Park Service</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/United_States_national_parks#Q308439" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:United States national parks">United States national parks</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/index.htm">NPS official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npshistory.com/publications/nps-uniforms/1/photofile.htm">Photos of Park Rangers over the last 100+ years</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/national-park-service">National Park Service</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Register" title="Federal Register">Federal Register</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/news/researchlinks.htm">NPS Research Links/Reference Desk</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/library.htm">NPS Library Information Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091202192713/http://npsfocus.nps.gov/">NPS Focus Digital Library & Research Station</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080820045805/http://data2.itc.nps.gov/hafe/hfc/npsphoto.cfm">NPS Historic Photograph Collection</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/pub_aff/video/index.html">NPS B-Roll Video (public domain)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090416062839/http://photo.itc.nps.gov/storage/images/index.html">NPS Digital Image Archives (public domain)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101203145052/http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/">NPS Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System (CWSS)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/ncrc/programs/rtca/">Community Assistance Available from the National Park Service</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/legacy/criteria.html">Criteria for inclusion in the National Park System</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/legacy/nomenclature.html">Designation of National Park System Units</a> (national monument vs national park, etc.)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/history/hisnps/NPSHistory/timeline.htm">National Park System Timeline</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/archeology/BestIdea/index.htm"><i>The National Parks: America's Best Idea</i></a> from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/archeology">National Park Service Archeology Program</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/research/arc/topics/national-parks/">National Park Service Records</a> available in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/research/arc/">Archival Research Catalog</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130222102930/http://www.ourarchives.wikispaces.net/National+Park+Service+Records+at+the+National+Archives+at+Atlanta">National Park Service Records available at the National Archives and Records Administration's Atlanta facility</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/climatefriendlyparks">NPS Climate Friendly Parks</a></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=National_Park_Service&params=38.8944_N_77.0426_W_type:landmark_globe:earth_region:US-DC"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°53′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°02′33″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.8944°N 77.0426°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.8944; -77.0426</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="U.S._National_Trails_System211" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trail_system" title="Template:Trail system"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trail_system" title="Template talk:Trail system"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trail_system" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trail system"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S._National_Trails_System211" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Trails_System" title="National Trails System">U.S. National Trails System</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Trail">National Historic Trails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scenic_route" title="Scenic route">Scenic motor routes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butterfield_Overland_National_Historic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Butterfield Overland National Historic Trail">Butterfield Overland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Trail" title="California Trail">California Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Camino_Real_de_los_Tejas_National_Historic_Trail" title="El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail">El Camino Real de los Tejas Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Camino_Real_de_Tierra_Adentro" class="mw-redirect" title="El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro">El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_de_Anza_National_Historic_Trail" title="Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail">Juan Bautista de Anza Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_Trail" title="Mormon Trail">Mormon Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nez_Perce_National_Historic_Trail" title="Nez Perce National Historic Trail">Nez Perce Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Spanish_Trail_(trade_route)" title="Old Spanish Trail (trade route)">Old Spanish Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_Express" title="Pony Express">Pony Express Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Trail" title="Santa Fe Trail">Santa Fe Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches" title="Selma to Montgomery marches">Selma to Montgomery Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears" title="Trail of Tears">Trail of Tears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Rochambeau_Revolutionary_Route" title="Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route">Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trail" title="Trail">Natural surface trails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ala_Kahakai_National_Historic_Trail" title="Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail">Ala Kahakai Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilkoot_Trail" title="Chilkoot Trail">Chilkoot Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iditarod_Trail" title="Iditarod Trail">Iditarod Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Water_trail" title="Water trail">Water trails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_John_Smith_Chesapeake_National_Historic_Trail" title="Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail">Captain John Smith Chesapeake Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combination</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_National_Historic_Trail" title="Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail">Lewis and Clark Trail</a> (motor, land, and water)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overmountain_Victory_National_Historic_Trail" title="Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail">Overmountain Victory Trail</a> (motor and land)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star-Spangled_Banner_National_Historic_Trail" title="Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail">Star-Spangled Banner Trail</a> (motor and water)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Scenic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Scenic Trail">National Scenic Trails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Trail" title="Appalachian Trail">Appalachian Trail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Trail_by_state" title="Appalachian Trail by state">by state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Trail" title="Arizona Trail">Arizona Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Divide_Trail" title="Continental Divide Trail">Continental Divide Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_National_Scenic_Trail" title="New England National Scenic Trail">New England Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Trail" title="Florida Trail">Florida Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_Age_Trail" title="Ice Age Trail">Ice Age Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natchez_Trace_Trail" title="Natchez Trace Trail">Natchez Trace Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_Trail" title="North Country Trail">North Country Trail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_Trail_by_state" title="North Country Trail by state">by state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Crest_Trail" title="Pacific Crest Trail">Pacific Crest Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_Trail" title="Pacific Northwest Trail">Pacific Northwest Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_Heritage_Trail" title="Potomac Heritage Trail">Potomac Heritage Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ice_Age_Floods_National_Geologic_Trail" title="Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail">National Geologic Trail</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_Age_Floods_National_Geologic_Trail" title="Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail">Ice Age Floods Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Recreation_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Recreation Trail">National Recreation Trails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Recreation_Trails_of_the_United_States" title="Category:National Recreation Trails of the United States">Category</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Crown_of_Hiking" title="Triple Crown of Hiking">Triple Crown of Hiking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="U.S._National_Register_of_Historic_Places516" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Template:National Register of Historic Places"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Template talk:National Register of Historic Places"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Register of Historic Places"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S._National_Register_of_Historic_Places516" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_architectural_style_categories" title="National Register of Historic Places architectural style categories">Architectural style categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contributing_property" title="Contributing property">Contributing property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Historic districts in the United States">Historic district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="History of the National Register of Historic Places">History of the National Register of Historic Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeper_of_the_Register" title="Keeper of the Register">Keeper of the Register</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Park Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_property_types" title="National Register of Historic Places property types">Property types</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._National_Historic_Landmarks_by_state" title="List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state">List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Alabama" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Alaska" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Arizona" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Arkansas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_California" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Colorado" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Connecticut" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Delaware" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Florida" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Georgia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Hawaii" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Idaho" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Illinois" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Iowa" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Kansas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Kentucky" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Louisiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Maine" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Maryland" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Michigan" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Minnesota" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Mississippi" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Missouri" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Montana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Nebraska" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Nevada" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Hampshire" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Jersey" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Mexico" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_North_Dakota" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Ohio" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Oklahoma" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Oregon" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Pennsylvania" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Rhode_Island" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_South_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_South_Dakota" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Tennessee" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Texas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Utah" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Vermont" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Virginia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Washington_state" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington state">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_West_Virginia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wisconsin" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wyoming" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by insular areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_American_Samoa" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Guam" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the United States Minor Outlying Islands">Minor Outlying Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Puerto_Rico" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the United States Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by associated state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Palau" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Palau">Palau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Washington,_D.C." title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Legation,_Tangier" title="American Legation, Tangier">American Legation, Morocco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Preservation_Act" title="National Historic Preservation Act">National Historic Preservation Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Preservation_Fund" title="Historic Preservation Fund">Historic Preservation Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jails_and_prisons_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places">List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_and_college_buildings_listed_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places">University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/32px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/48px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/64px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2498" data-file-height="1969" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Portal:National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Category:National Register of Historic Places">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Department_of_the_Interior299" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="Template:United States Department of the Interior"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="Template talk:United States Department of the Interior"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Department of the Interior"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Department_of_the_Interior299" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Headquarters: <b><a href="/wiki/Main_Interior_Building" title="Main Interior Building">Main Interior Building</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Burgum" title="Doug Burgum">Doug Burgum</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Daniel-Davis" title="Laura Daniel-Davis">Laura Daniel-Davis</a>, Acting <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Deputy Secretary of the Interior">Deputy Secretary of the Interior</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs">Bureau of Indian Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Education" title="Bureau of Indian Education">Bureau of Indian Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Ocean_Energy_Management" title="Bureau of Ocean Energy Management">Bureau of Ocean Energy Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Safety_and_Environmental_Enforcement" title="Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement">Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Reclamation" title="United States Bureau of Reclamation">Bureau of Reclamation</a></li> <li>Bureau of Trust Funds Administration</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Indian_Gaming_Commission" title="National Indian Gaming Commission">National Indian Gaming Commission</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Park Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Surface_Mining" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Surface Mining">Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">United States Fish and Wildlife Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Insular_Affairs" title="Office of Insular Affairs">Office of the Assistant Secretary for Insular and International Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Office of the Solicitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Natural_Resources_Revenue" title="Office of Natural Resources Revenue">Office of Natural Resources Revenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Utah_Project_Completion_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Utah Project Completion Act">Central Utah Project Completion Act Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Arts_and_Crafts_Board" title="Indian Arts and Crafts Board">Indian Arts and Crafts Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Invasive_Species_Act" title="National Invasive Species Act">National Invasive Species Council</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="251" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Federal_law_enforcement_agencies_of_the_United_States799" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Federal_law_enforcement_agencies_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Federal_law_enforcement_agencies_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Federal_law_enforcement_agencies_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Federal_law_enforcement_agencies_of_the_United_States799" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Federal_law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Federal law enforcement in the United States">Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Export_Enforcement" title="Office of Export Enforcement">Office of Export Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration_Fisheries_Office_of_Law_Enforcement" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Office of Law Enforcement">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Fisheries: Office of Law Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Commerce_Office_of_Security" title="U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Security">Office of Security</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Criminal_Investigative_Service" title="Defense Criminal Investigative Service">Defense Criminal Investigative Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defense_police" title="Department of Defense police">Department of Defense police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Logistics_Agency#DLA_Police" title="Defense Logistics Agency">Defense Logistics Agency Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentagon_Force_Protection_Agency" title="Pentagon Force Protection Agency">Pentagon Force Protection Agency</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Pentagon_Police" title="United States Pentagon Police">Pentagon Police</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSA_police" class="mw-redirect" title="NSA police">National Security Agency Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="United States Department of the Army">Department of the Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Intelligence_and_Security_Command" title="United States Army Intelligence and Security Command">Intelligence and Security Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Criminal_Investigation_Division" title="United States Army Criminal Investigation Division">Criminal Investigation Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Police_Corps_(United_States)" title="Military Police Corps (United States)">Military Police Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Army_Civilian_Police" title="Department of the Army Civilian Police">Army Department Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corrections_Command" title="United States Army Corrections Command">Corrections Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">Department of the Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Criminal_Investigative_Service" title="Naval Criminal Investigative Service">Criminal Investigative Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Criminal_Investigation_Division" title="United States Marine Corps Criminal Investigation Division">Marine Corps Criminal Investigation Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master-at-arms_(United_States_Navy)" title="Master-at-arms (United States Navy)">Master-at-Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Navy_Police" title="Department of the Navy Police">Navy Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Civilian_Police" title="United States Marine Corps Civilian Police">Marine Corps Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy#Police" title="United States Naval Academy">Naval Academy Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Department of the Air Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Office_of_Special_Investigations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Air Force Office of Special Investigations">Office of Special Investigations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Security_Forces" title="United States Air Force Security Forces">Security Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Air_Force_Police" title="Department of the Air Force Police">Department of the Air Force Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">Department of<br />Health and Human Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">United States Food and Drug Administration</a> (<a href="/wiki/Office_of_Criminal_Investigations" title="Office of Criminal Investigations">Office of Criminal Investigations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health_Police" title="National Institutes of Health Police">National Institutes of Health Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of<br />Homeland Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Law_Enforcement_Training_Centers" title="Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers">Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services" title="United States Citizenship and Immigration Services">Citizenship and Immigration Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_Investigative_Service" title="Coast Guard Investigative Service">Investigative Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Police" title="United States Coast Guard Police">Coast Guard Police</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">Customs and Border Protection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol" title="United States Border Patrol">Border Patrol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Protective_Service_(United_States)" title="Federal Protective Service (United States)">Federal Protective Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">United States Secret Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service_Uniformed_Division" title="United States Secret Service Uniformed Division">Uniformed Division</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">Transportation Security Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Air_Marshal_Service" title="Federal Air Marshal Service">Office of Law Enforcement/Federal Air Marshal Service</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Department of<br />the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs_Police" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs Police">Bureau of Indian Affairs Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management#Law_enforcement_and_security" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management: Office of Law Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Dam_Police" title="Hoover Dam Police">Hoover Dam Police</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Park Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_ranger" title="National Park Service ranger">Rangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Park_Police" title="United States Park Police">United States Park Police</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service_Office_of_Law_Enforcement" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Law Enforcement">Fish and Wildlife Service: Office of Law Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="National Wildlife Refuge">National Wildlife Refuge System: Division of Refuge Law Enforcement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">Drug Enforcement Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FBI_Police" title="FBI Police">FBI Police</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Prisons" title="Federal Bureau of Prisons">Federal Bureau of Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">United States Marshals Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">Department of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Diplomatic_Security" title="Bureau of Diplomatic Security">Bureau of Diplomatic Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Security_Service" title="Diplomatic Security Service">Diplomatic Security Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Foreign_Missions" title="Office of Foreign Missions">Office of Foreign Missions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Department of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_Tobacco_Tax_and_Trade_Bureau" title="Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau">Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing#BEP_Police" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Crimes_Enforcement_Network" title="Financial Crimes Enforcement Network">Financial Crimes Enforcement Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRS_Criminal_Investigation" title="IRS Criminal Investigation">Internal Revenue Service, Criminal Investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_Police" title="United States Mint Police">United States Mint Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other executive <br /> department agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture"><b>Agriculture</b></a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service#Law_Enforcement_.26_Investigations" title="United States Forest Service">US Forest Service: Law Enforcement & Investigations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy"><b>Energy</b></a>: <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Secure_Transportation" title="Office of Secure Transportation">Office of Secure Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation"><b>Transportation</b></a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine_Academy#Department_of_Public_Safety" title="United States Merchant Marine Academy">United States Merchant Marine Academy Department of Public Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs"><b>Veterans Affairs</b></a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs_Police" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs Police">Department of Veterans Affairs Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives">Sergeant at Arms of the House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate">Sergeant at Arms of the Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police" title="United States Capitol Police">United States Capitol Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office#GPO_Police" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Government Publishing Office Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judicial branch</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Probation_and_Pretrial_Services_System" title="U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services System">U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court" title="Marshal of the United States Supreme Court">Marshal of the United States Supreme Court</a> (<a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_Police" title="Supreme Court Police">Supreme Court Police</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other federal law<br />enforcement agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amtrak_Police_Department" title="Amtrak Police Department">Amtrak Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_structure_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency#Directorate_of_Support" title="Organizational structure of the Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency: Security Protective Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Enforcement_and_Compliance_Assurance" title="Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance">Environmental Protection Agency: Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Police" title="Federal Reserve Police">Federal Reserve Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Department_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia">Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Inspection_Service" title="United States Postal Inspection Service">Postal Inspection Service</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Inspection_Service#Postal_Police_Force" title="United States Postal Inspection Service">U.S. Postal Police</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution_Office_of_Protection_Services" title="Smithsonian Institution Office of Protection Services">Smithsonian Institution Office of Protection Services</a> (<a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution_Office_of_Protection_Services#Positions" title="Smithsonian Institution Office of Protection Services">National Zoological Park Police</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_government_agencies_involved_in_environmental_science1019" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_government_agencies_involved_in_environmental_science" title="Template:United States government agencies involved in environmental science"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_government_agencies_involved_in_environmental_science" title="Template talk:United States government agencies involved in environmental science"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_government_agencies_involved_in_environmental_science" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States government agencies involved in environmental science"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_government_agencies_involved_in_environmental_science1019" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_agencies_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal agencies in the United States">United States government agencies</a> involved in <a href="/wiki/Environmental_science" title="Environmental science">environmental science</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/U.S._Global_Change_Research_Program" title="U.S. Global Change Research Program">Global Change Research Program</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs">Bureau of Indian Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Ocean_Energy_Management" title="Bureau of Ocean Energy Management">Bureau of Ocean Energy Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Reclamation" title="United States Bureau of Reclamation">Bureau of Reclamation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Park Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">United States Fish and Wildlife Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Insular_Affairs" title="Office of Insular Affairs">Office of the Assistant Secretary for Insular and International Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Surface_Mining" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Surface Mining">Office of Surface Mining, Reclamation, and Enforcement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Geodetic_Survey" title="U.S. National Geodetic Survey">Geodetic Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Marine_Fisheries_Service" title="National Marine Fisheries Service">Marine Fisheries Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Ocean_Service" title="National Ocean Service">Ocean Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Research" title="Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research">Oceanic and Atmospheric Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">Weather Service</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Energy_Efficiency_and_Renewable_Energy" title="Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy">Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy</a></li> <li>Office of Environmental Management</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science" title="Office of Science">Office of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy_national_laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Energy national laboratories">National Laboratories and Technology Centers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">Department of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service" title="Agricultural Research Service">Agricultural Research Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_and_Plant_Health_Inspection_Service" title="Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service">Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_Service_Agency" title="Farm Service Agency">Farm Service Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Nutrition_Service" title="Food and Nutrition Service">Food and Nutrition Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Agricultural_Service" title="Foreign Agricultural Service">Foreign Agricultural Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">Natural Resources Conservation Service</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Water_and_Climate_Center" title="National Water and Climate Center">National Water and Climate Center</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Utilities_Service" title="Rural Utilities Service">Rural Utilities Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">Forest Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Directorate_for_Science_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="DHS Directorate for Science and Technology">Science and Technology Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health <br />and Human Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Toxic_Substances_and_Disease_Registry" title="Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry">Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Environmental_Health_Sciences" title="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Research_Laboratory" title="Air Force Research Laboratory">Air Force Research Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency">Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Typhoon_Warning_Center" title="Joint Typhoon Warning Center">Joint Typhoon Warning Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Naval_Research" title="Office of Naval Research">Office of Naval Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Research,_Development_and_Engineering_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Army Research, Development and Engineering Command">Combat Capabilities Development Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Domestic_Climate_Policy" title="White House Office of Domestic Climate Policy">Climate Policy Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_on_Clean_Energy_Innovation_and_Implementation" title="White House Office on Clean Energy Innovation and Implementation">Clean Energy Innovation and Implementation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Special_Presidential_Envoy_for_Climate" title="U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate">U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_on_Environmental_Quality" title="Council on Environmental Quality">Council on Environmental Quality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Science_Services_Administration" title="Environmental Science Services Administration">Environmental Science Services Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_Commission" title="United States Fish Commission">United States Fish Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey" title="United States Coast and Geodetic Survey">United States Coast and Geodetic Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Energy_and_Climate_Change_Policy" title="White House Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy">White House Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Woodrow_Wilson872" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Woodrow_Wilson" title="Template:Woodrow Wilson"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Woodrow_Wilson" title="Template talk:Woodrow Wilson"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Woodrow_Wilson" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Woodrow Wilson"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Woodrow_Wilson872" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">28th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1913–1921)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_New_Jersey" title="List of governors of New Jersey">34th</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Governor of New Jersey">Governor of New Jersey</a> (1911–1913)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">13th <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Princeton_University" title="List of presidents of Princeton University">President of Princeton University</a> (1902–1910)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidency of Woodrow Wilson">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Woodrow_Wilson_presidency" title="Timeline of the Woodrow Wilson presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidential transition of Woodrow Wilson">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="First inauguration of Woodrow Wilson">1913 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Second inauguration of Woodrow Wilson">1917 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_desk" title="Theodore Roosevelt desk">Roosevelt desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Woodrow_Wilson" title="List of federal judges appointed by Woodrow Wilson">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Woodrow Wilson Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court nominees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Louis Brandeis Supreme Court nomination">Louis Brandeis Supreme Court nomination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson#Administration_and_Cabinet" title="Woodrow Wilson">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates#Laureates" title="List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates">1919 Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">19th Amendment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Sentinels" title="Silent Sentinels">Silent Sentinels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_Suffrage_Procession" title="Woman Suffrage Procession">Woman Suffrage Procession</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1913 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address 1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1914 State of the Union Address">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1915 State of the Union Address">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1916 State of the Union Address">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1917 State of the Union Address">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1918 State of the Union Address">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1920 State of the Union Address">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Warren_G._Harding" title="Presidential transition of Warren G. Harding">Harding transition</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Woodrow_Wilson_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Woodrow Wilson administration">Foreign policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilsonianism" title="Wilsonianism">Wilsonianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan%E2%80%93Chamorro_Treaty" title="Bryan–Chamorro Treaty">Bryan–Chamorro Treaty</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Haiti" title="United States occupation of Haiti">Occupation of Haiti</a> (1915–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(1916%E2%80%931924)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–1924)">Occupation of the Dominican Republic</a> (1916–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Appropriations_Act_of_1916" title="Army Appropriations Act of 1916">Army Appropriations Act of 1916</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_National_Defense" title="Council of National Defense">Council of National Defense</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_Law_(Philippines)" title="Jones Law (Philippines)">Philippine Autonomy Act</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li>1917–1918; <a href="/wiki/American_entry_into_World_War_I" title="American entry into World War I">entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_campaigns_in_World_War_I" title="United States campaigns in World War I">campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_I#United_States" title="Home front during World War I">home front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Public_Information" title="Committee on Public Information">Committee on Public Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Minute_Men" title="Four Minute Men">Four Minute Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points" title="Fourteen Points">Fourteen Points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Inquiry" title="The Inquiry">The Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Commission_to_Negotiate_Peace" title="American Commission to Negotiate Peace">American Commission to Negotiate Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_11_November_1918" title="Armistice of 11 November 1918">Armistice of 11 November 1918</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espionage_Act_of_1917" title="Espionage Act of 1917">Espionage Act of 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1917" title="Immigration Act of 1917">Immigration Act of 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_Service_Act_of_1917" title="Selective Service Act of 1917">Selective Service Act of 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1918" title="Immigration Act of 1918">Immigration Act of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918" title="Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918">Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_War_Labor_Board_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="National War Labor Board (1918–1919)">National War Labor Board</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedition_Act_of_1918" title="Sedition Act of 1918">Sedition Act of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartime_Measure_Act_of_1918" title="Wartime Measure Act of 1918">Wartime Measure Act of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Paris Peace Conference</a> <ul><li>1919–1920; <a href="/wiki/Racial_Equality_Proposal" title="Racial Equality Proposal">Racial Equality Proposal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_speech" title="Pueblo speech">Pueblo speech</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> <ul><li>1919; <a href="/wiki/Big_Four_(World_War_I)#Woodrow_Wilson" title="Big Four (World War I)">Big Four</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> <ul><li>1920; <a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Covenant of the League of Nations">charter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilsonian_Armenia" title="Wilsonian Armenia">Wilsonian Armenia</a> (1920)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_New_Freedom" title="The New Freedom">New Freedom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_and_race" title="Woodrow Wilson and race">Federal racial segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Act" title="Federal Reserve Act">Federal Reserve Act</a> <ul><li>1913; <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newlands_Labor_Act" title="Newlands Labor Act">Newlands Labor Act</a> <ul><li>1913; <a href="/wiki/National_Mediation_Board" title="National Mediation Board">Board of Mediation and Conciliation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raker_Act" title="Raker Act">Raker Act</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1913" title="Revenue Act of 1913">Revenue Act of 1913</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Income_tax_in_the_United_States" title="Income tax in the United States">Federal income tax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_and_Harbors_Act" title="Rivers and Harbors Act">Rivers and Harbors Acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_and_Harbors_Act_of_1913" title="Rivers and Harbors Act of 1913">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_and_Harbors_Act_of_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="River and Harbors Act of 1914">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_and_Harbors_Act_of_1915" title="River and Harbors Act of 1915">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_and_Harbors_Act_of_1916" title="River and Harbors Act of 1916">1916</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabath_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabath Act">Sabath Act</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_Antitrust_Act_of_1914" title="Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914">Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Futures_Act" title="Cotton Futures Act">Cotton Futures Act of 1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutter_Service_Act" title="Cutter Service Act">Cutter Service Act</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_Internal_Revenue_Tax_Act" title="Emergency Internal Revenue Tax Act">Emergency Internal Revenue Tax Act</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission_Act_of_1914" title="Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914">Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier_National_Park_(U.S.)" title="Glacier National Park (U.S.)">Glacier National Park Act of 1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Legislative Reference Service</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith%E2%80%93Lever_Act_of_1914" title="Smith–Lever Act of 1914">Smith–Lever Act of 1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Risk_Insurance_Act" title="War Risk Insurance Act">War Risk Insurance Act</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locomotive_Inspection_Act" title="Locomotive Inspection Act">Locomotive Inspection Act</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupancy_Permits_Act" title="Occupancy Permits Act">Occupancy Permits Act</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamson_Act" title="Adamson Act">Adamson Act</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brush_Disposal_Act_of_1916" title="Brush Disposal Act of 1916">Brush Disposal Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Futures_Act_of_1916" title="Cotton Futures Act of 1916">Cotton Futures Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Aid_Road_Act_of_1916" title="Federal Aid Road Act of 1916">Federal Aid Road Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Employees%27_Compensation_Act" title="Federal Employees' Compensation Act">Federal Employees' Compensation Act</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Farm_Loan_Act" title="Federal Farm Loan Act">Federal Farm Loan Act</a> <ul><li>1916; <a href="/wiki/Farm_Credit_System" title="Farm Credit System">Farm Credit System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Farm_Board" title="Federal Farm Board">Federal Farm Loan Board</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Day_(United_States)" title="Flag Day (United States)">Flag Day</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraudulent_Advertising_Act_of_1916" title="Fraudulent Advertising Act of 1916">Fraudulent Advertising Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keating%E2%80%93Owen_Act" title="Keating–Owen Act">Keating–Owen Act</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_Organic_Act" title="National Park Service Organic Act">National Park Service Organic Act</a> <ul><li>1916; <a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Park Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1916" title="Revenue Act of 1916">Revenue Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Post_Roads_Act_of_1916" title="Rural Post Roads Act of 1916">Rural Post Roads Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation_District_Act_of_1916_(Smith_Act)" title="Irrigation District Act of 1916 (Smith Act)">Smith Act</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock-Raising_Homestead_Act" title="Stock-Raising Homestead Act">Stock-Raising Homestead Act</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Grain_Standards_Act_of_1916" title="United States Grain Standards Act of 1916">United States Grain Standards Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warehouse_Act_of_1916" title="Warehouse Act of 1916">Warehouse Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Game_Refuges_Act_of_1916" title="Wildlife Game Refuges Act of 1916">Wildlife Game Refuges Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_Control_Act_of_1917" title="Flood Control Act of 1917">Flood Control Act of 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith%E2%80%93Hughes_Act" title="Smith–Hughes Act">Smith–Hughes Act</a> <ul><li>1917; <a href="/wiki/U.S._Federal_Board_for_Vocational_Education" title="U.S. Federal Board for Vocational Education">U.S. Federal Board for Vocational Education</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Railroad_Administration" title="United States Railroad Administration">United States Railroad Administration</a> <ul><li>1917; <a href="/wiki/USRA_standard" title="USRA standard">USRA standard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Revenue_Act_of_1917" title="War Revenue Act of 1917">War Revenue Act of 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1918" title="Revenue Act of 1918">Revenue Act of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadia_National_Park" title="Acadia National Park">Acadia National Park Act of 1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon" title="Grand Canyon">Grand Canyon Park Act of 1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Summer" title="Red Summer">Red Summer</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_Price_Guarantee_Act" title="Wheat Price Guarantee Act">Wheat Price Guarantee Act</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esch%E2%80%93Cummins_Act" title="Esch–Cummins Act">Esch–Cummins Act</a> <ul><li>1920; <a href="/wiki/Railroad_Labor_Board" title="Railroad Labor Board">Railroad Labor Board</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Power_Act" title="Federal Power Act">Federal Power Act</a> <ul><li>1920; <a href="/wiki/Federal_Power_Commission" title="Federal Power Commission">Federal Power Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_Marine_Act_of_1920" title="Merchant Marine Act of 1920">Merchant Marine Act of 1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_Leasing_Act_of_1920" title="Mineral Leasing Act of 1920">Mineral Leasing Act of 1920</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Presidential_Library" title="Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library">Birthplace and Presidential Library</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seeley_G._Mudd_Manuscript_Library" title="Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library">papers and manuscripts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Boyhood_Home" title="Woodrow Wilson Boyhood Home">Boyhood home in Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Boyhood_Home_(Columbia,_South_Carolina)" title="Woodrow Wilson Boyhood Home (Columbia, South Carolina)">Boyhood home in South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Princeton_University#Woodrow_Wilson" title="History of Princeton University">Princeton University president</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlakenden" title="Harlakenden">Summer White House (Harlakenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Lawn_(New_Jersey)" title="Shadow Lawn (New Jersey)">Shadow Lawn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_House_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Woodrow Wilson House (Washington, D.C.)">Woodrow Wilson House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_National_Cathedral#Burials" title="Washington National Cathedral">Gravesite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Congressional Government</i> (1900)</li> <li><i>When a Man Comes to Himself</i> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Freedom" title="The New Freedom"><i>The New Freedom</i> (1913)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_History_of_Woodrow_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral History of Woodrow Wilson">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1910_New_Jersey_gubernatorial_election" title="1910 New Jersey gubernatorial election">1910 New Jersey gubernatorial election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1912 Democratic National Convention">1912 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912 U.S. presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1916 Democratic National Convention">1916 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916 U.S. presidential election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Woodrow_Wilson" title="List of memorials to Woodrow Wilson">memorials</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Bibliography of Woodrow Wilson">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Awards" title="Woodrow Wilson Awards">Woodrow Wilson Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Foundation" title="Woodrow Wilson Foundation">Woodrow Wilson Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_International_Center_for_Scholars" title="Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars">Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wilson_Quarterly" title="The Wilson Quarterly">The Wilson Quarterly</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_School_of_Public_and_International_Affairs" title="Princeton School of Public and International Affairs">Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_High_School_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Woodrow Wilson High School (disambiguation)">High schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy%E2%80%93King_College" title="Kennedy–King College">Woodrow Wilson Junior College</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Celestial_Sphere_Woodrow_Wilson_Memorial" title="Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial">Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Woodrow_Wilson_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Statue of Woodrow Wilson (Austin, Texas)">Woodrow Wilson</a></i> (Austin statue)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Square" title="Wilson Square">Wilson Square</a> (Warsaw)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Monument" title="Woodrow Wilson Monument">Woodrow Wilson Monument</a> (Prague)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Bridge" title="Woodrow Wilson Bridge">Woodrow Wilson Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_National_Fellowship_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation">Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Wilson_(Vermont)" title="Mount Wilson (Vermont)">Mount Wilson (Vermont)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_President_Wilson" title="SS President Wilson">SS <i>President Wilson</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-hundred-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill">United States one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular<br />culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_(1944_film)" title="Wilson (1944 film)"><i>Wilson</i></a> (1944 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profiles_in_Courage_(TV_series)" title="Profiles in Courage (TV series)"><i>Profiles in Courage</i></a> (1965 series)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Backstairs_at_the_White_House" title="Backstairs at the White House">Backstairs at the White House</a></i> (1979 miniseries)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_and_the_Birth_of_the_American_Century" title="Woodrow Wilson and the Birth of the American Century">Woodrow Wilson and the Birth of the American Century</a></i> (2002 documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_(book)" title="Wilson (book)"><i>Wilson</i></a> (2013 book)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suffs" title="Suffs">Suffs</a></i> (2022 musical)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Axson_Wilson" title="Ellen Axson Wilson">Ellen Axson Wilson</a> (wife, 1885–1914, death)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wilson" title="Edith Wilson">Edith Bolling Wilson</a> (wife, 1915–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Margaret Woodrow Wilson">Margaret Wilson</a> (daughter, acting first lady)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Woodrow_Wilson_Sayre" class="mw-redirect" title="Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre">Jessie Wilson Sayre</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Wilson_McAdoo" title="Eleanor Wilson McAdoo">Eleanor Wilson McAdoo</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bowes_Sayre_Jr." title="Francis Bowes Sayre Jr.">Francis Sayre Jr.</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ruggles_Wilson" title="Joseph Ruggles Wilson">Joseph Ruggles Wilson</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_(journalist)" title="James Wilson (journalist)">James Wilson</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Woodrow_Bones" title="Helen Woodrow Bones">Helen Woodrow Bones</a> (cousin, secretary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo" title="William Gibbs McAdoo">William McAdoo</a> (son-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Literary_and_Debating_Society" title="Jefferson Literary and Debating Society">Jefferson Literary and Debating Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_and_race" title="Woodrow Wilson and race">Woodrow Wilson and race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">← William Howard Taft</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Woodrow_Wilson" title="Category:Woodrow Wilson">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308439#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3288" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308439#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3288" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308439#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123313972">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123312646">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/313024174">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/530450/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/9069-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79022809">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12043194f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12043194f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35569983">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Spojené státy americké. National Park Service"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003203506&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4753462">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Estados Unidos. National Park Service"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/402560">Portugal</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Estados Unidos. Department of the Interior. National Park Service"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/86920">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/5060862">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000769833&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=228574">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAB202010579">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810667591505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007269257005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04129359?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500223271">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/3715">Photographers' Identities</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/999475">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028636953">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10511720">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w64r8k9r">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&oldid=1275958453">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&oldid=1275958453</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Park_Service" title="Category:National Park Service">National Park Service</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1916_establishments_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1916 establishments in the United States">1916 establishments in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Environmental_agencies_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Environmental agencies in the United States">Environmental agencies in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_agencies_established_in_1916" title="Category:Government agencies established in 1916">Government agencies established in 1916</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Land_management_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Land management in the United States">Land management in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_park_administrators" title="Category:National park administrators">National park administrators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nature_conservation_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Nature conservation in the United States">Nature conservation in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_based_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Category:Organizations based in Washington, D.C.">Organizations based in Washington, D.C.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Park_police_departments_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Park police departments of the United States">Park police departments of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_public_land_law" title="Category:United States public land law">United States public land law</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_incomplete_citations" title="Category:All articles with incomplete citations">All articles with incomplete citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_incomplete_citations_from_March_2020" title="Category:Articles with incomplete citations from March 2020">Articles with incomplete citations from March 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_June_2016" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2016">Articles with dead external links from June 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1: unfit URL">CS1: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_January_2017" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from January 2017">Articles with dead external links from January 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_November_2018" title="Category:Use mdy dates from November 2018">Use mdy dates from November 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_January_2025" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from January 2025">Articles with dead external links from January 2025</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_not_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates not on Wikidata">Coordinates not on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 February 2025, at 01:54<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Park_Service&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">National Park Service</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>40 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-882b7","wgBackendResponseTime":166,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.700","walltime":"2.019","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11711,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":603751,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":11931,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":24,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":450243,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1491.477 1 -total"," 41.03% 611.992 1 Template:Reflist"," 28.40% 423.581 73 Template:Cite_web"," 12.84% 191.571 2 Template:Infobox"," 11.61% 173.132 14 Template:Navbox"," 11.58% 172.659 1 Template:Infobox_government_agency"," 6.13% 91.367 1 Template:National_parks_of_the_United_States"," 4.86% 72.546 1 Template:Short_description"," 4.39% 65.425 1 Template:Official_URL"," 3.71% 55.400 1 Template:Authority_control"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.866","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":12106493,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-bphp6","timestamp":"20250216015443","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"National Park Service","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Park_Service","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q308439","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q308439","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-12-25T01:21:55Z","dateModified":"2025-02-16T01:54:27Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/97\/Logo_of_the_United_States_National_Park_Service.svg","headline":"United States federal agency"}</script> </body> </html>