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href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-คาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ rootpage-คาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">ข้ามไปเนื้อหา</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เมนูหลัก" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เมนูหลัก</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เมนูหลัก</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การนำทาง </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="เยี่ยมชมหน้าหลัก [z]" accesskey="z"><span>หน้าหลัก</span></a></li><li id="n-ask" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1"><span>ถามคำถาม</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ค้นหาข้อมูลเบื้องหลังในเหตุการณ์ปัจจุบัน"><span>เหตุการณ์ปัจจุบัน</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1" title="โหลดหน้าแบบสุ่ม [x]" accesskey="x"><span>สุ่มบทความ</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="ทำความรู้จักวิกิพีเดีย"><span>เกี่ยวกับวิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="วิธีการติดต่อวิกิพีเดีย"><span>ติดต่อเรา</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> มีส่วนร่วม </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D" title="ข้อแนะนำการใช้และแก้ไขวิกิพีเดีย"><span>คำอธิบาย</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99"><span>เริ่มต้นเขียน</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1" title="เกี่ยวกับโครงการ สิ่งที่คุณทำได้ และวิธีการค้นหา"><span>ศาลาประชาคม</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในวิกินี้ [r]" accesskey="r"><span>ปรับปรุงล่าสุด</span></a></li><li id="n-discord" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94"><span>ดิสคอร์ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="วิกิพีเดีย" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-th.svg" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 1.6875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="สารานุกรมเสรี" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-th.svg" width="100" height="18" style="width: 6.25em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ค้นหา</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" aria-label="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="พิเศษ:ค้นหา"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ค้นหา</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ประโยชน์ของน้ำแข็งแห้ง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ประโยชน์ของน้ำแข็งแห้ง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ประโยชน์ของน้ำแข็งแห้ง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ประโยชน์ของน้ำแข็งแห้ง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ข้อควรระวังจากการใช้น้ำแข็งแห้ง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ข้อควรระวังจากการใช้น้ำแข็งแห้ง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ข้อควรระวังจากการใช้น้ำแข็งแห้ง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ข้อควรระวังจากการใช้น้ำแข็งแห้ง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-การปฐมพยาบาลเบื้องต้นจากอันตรายของน้ำแข็งแห้ง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#การปฐมพยาบาลเบื้องต้นจากอันตรายของน้ำแข็งแห้ง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>การปฐมพยาบาลเบื้องต้นจากอันตรายของน้ำแข็งแห้ง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-การปฐมพยาบาลเบื้องต้นจากอันตรายของน้ำแข็งแห้ง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-เกร็ดความรู้เพิ่มเติม" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#เกร็ดความรู้เพิ่มเติม"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>เกร็ดความรู้เพิ่มเติม</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-เกร็ดความรู้เพิ่มเติม-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">คาร์บอนไดออกไซด์</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 137 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-137" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">137 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolstofdioksied" title="Koolstofdioksied – แอฟริกานส์" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koolstofdioksied" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="แอฟริกานส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenstoffdioxid" title="Kohlenstoffdioxid – เยอรมันสวิส" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kohlenstoffdioxid" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมันสวิส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AD%E1%89%A6%E1%8A%95_%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%8D%E1%89%B6%E1%8A%A6%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B3%E1%8B%AD%E1%8B%B5" title="ካርቦን ክልቶኦክሳይድ – อัมฮารา" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካርቦን ክልቶኦክሳይድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="อัมฮารา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioxido_de_carbonio" title="Dioxido de carbonio – อารากอน" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Dioxido de carbonio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="อารากอน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="บทความคัดสรร"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="ثنائي أكسيد الكربون – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثنائي أكسيد الكربون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1" title="কাৰ্বন ডাই অক্সাইড – อัสสัม" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কাৰ্বন ডাই অক্সাইড" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="อัสสัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%B3xidu_de_carbonu" title="Dióxidu de carbonu – อัสตูเรียส" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dióxidu de carbonu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="อัสตูเรียส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_qaz%C4%B1" title="Karbon qazı – อาเซอร์ไบจาน" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Karbon qazı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="อาเซอร์ไบจาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="کربون دی‌اوکسید – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کربون دی‌اوکسید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongl%C4%97is_dv%C4%97deg%C4%97nis" title="Onglėis dvėdegėnis – ซาโมจิเตียน" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Onglėis dvėdegėnis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="ซาโมจิเตียน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_dioksido" title="Karbon dioksido – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Karbon dioksido" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Дыяксід вугляроду – เบลารุส" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дыяксід вугляроду" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="เบลารุส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Дыяксыд вугляроду – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дыяксыд вугляроду" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Въглероден диоксид – บัลแกเรีย" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Въглероден диоксид" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="บัลแกเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="कार्बन डाइआक्साइड – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कार्बन डाइआक्साइड" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1" title="কার্বন ডাই অক্সাইড – บังกลา" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কার্বন ডাই অক্সাইড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="บังกลา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="དབྱང་གཉིས་སོལ་འགྱུར། – ทิเบต" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དབྱང་གཉིས་སོལ་འགྱུར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="ทิเบต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljik-dioksid" title="Ugljik-dioksid – บอสเนีย" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ugljik-dioksid" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="บอสเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%B2xid_de_carboni" title="Diòxid de carboni – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Diòxid de carboni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AA-i%C5%8Dng-hu%C3%A1-t%C3%A1ng" title="Nê-iōng-huá-táng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nê-iōng-huá-táng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%9B%E1%8E%B8%E1%8F%93" title="ᎠᏛᎸᏓ – เชอโรกี" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏛᎸᏓ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="เชอโรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%86%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%86%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="کاربۆن دی ئۆکسید – เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کاربۆن دی ئۆکسید" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxid_uhli%C4%8Dit%C3%BD" title="Oxid uhličitý – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Oxid uhličitý" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%83%D0%BC%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BA_%D0%B9%C3%BF%C3%A7%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85%C4%95%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кăмрăк йÿçлĕхĕлле газ – ชูวัช" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кăмрăк йÿçлĕхĕлле газ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ชูวัช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_deuocsid" title="Carbon deuocsid – เวลส์" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Carbon deuocsid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="เวลส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuldioxid" title="Kuldioxid – เดนมาร์ก" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kuldioxid" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="เดนมาร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="บทความคุณภาพ"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenstoffdioxid" title="Kohlenstoffdioxid – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kohlenstoffdioxid" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuglikowy_dioksid" title="Wuglikowy dioksid – ซอร์เบียตอนล่าง" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Wuglikowy dioksid" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="ซอร์เบียตอนล่าง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Διοξείδιο του άνθρακα – กรีก" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διοξείδιο του άνθρακα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="กรีก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Carbon dioxide" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbona_dioksido" title="Karbona dioksido – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karbona dioksido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%B3xido_de_carbono" title="Dióxido de carbono – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dióxido de carbono" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCsihappegaas" title="Süsihappegaas – เอสโตเนีย" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Süsihappegaas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="เอสโตเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbono_dioxido" title="Karbono dioxido – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karbono dioxido" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="کربن دی‌اکسید – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کربن دی‌اکسید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiilidioksidi" title="Hiilidioksidi – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hiilidioksidi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioxyde_de_carbone" title="Dioxyde de carbone – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dioxyde de carbone" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6%C3%B6ldioksiid" title="Kööldioksiid – ฟริเซียนเหนือ" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kööldioksiid" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ฟริเซียนเหนือ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9-ocsa%C3%ADd_charb%C3%B3in" title="Dé-ocsaíd charbóin – ไอริช" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dé-ocsaíd charbóin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ไอริช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳 – จีนกั้น" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="二氧化碳" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="จีนกั้น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyoksid_di_karbonn" title="Dyoksid di karbonn – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Dyoksid di karbonn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_d%C3%A0-ogsaid" title="Carbon dà-ogsaid – เกลิกสกอต" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Carbon dà-ogsaid" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="เกลิกสกอต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%B3xido_de_carbono" title="Dióxido de carbono – กาลิเซีย" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dióxido de carbono" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="กาลิเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daa-ocseed_charboan" title="Daa-ocseed charboan – มานซ์" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Daa-ocseed charboan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="มานซ์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide – เฮาซา" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Carbon dioxide" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="เฮาซา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngi-y%C3%B4ng-fa-than" title="Ngi-yông-fa-than – จีนแคะ" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngi-yông-fa-than" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="จีนแคะ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%95-%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A0%D7%99" title="פחמן דו-חמצני – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פחמן דו-חמצני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="कार्बन डाईऑक्साइड – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कार्बन डाईऑक्साइड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljikov(IV)_oksid" title="Ugljikov(IV) oksid – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ugljikov(IV) oksid" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhlikowy_dioksid" title="Wuhlikowy dioksid – ซอร์เบียตอนบน" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wuhlikowy dioksid" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="ซอร์เบียตอนบน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyoksid_kab%C3%B2n" title="Diyoksid kabòn – เฮติครีโอล" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Diyoksid kabòn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="เฮติครีโอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A9n-dioxid" title="Szén-dioxid – ฮังการี" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szén-dioxid" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ฮังการี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AE%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%A6" title="Ածխաթթու գազ – อาร์เมเนีย" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ածխաթթու գազ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="อาร์เมเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxydo" title="Carbon dioxydo – อินเตอร์ลิงกัว" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Carbon dioxydo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="อินเตอร์ลิงกัว" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karbon dioksida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="КӀора миста газ – อินกุช" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="КӀора миста газ" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="อินกุช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbobioxo" title="Karbobioxo – อีโด" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Karbobioxo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="อีโด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koltv%C3%ADs%C3%BDringur" title="Koltvísýringur – ไอซ์แลนด์" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Koltvísýringur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ไอซ์แลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anidride_carbonica" title="Anidride carbonica – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anidride carbonica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96%E7%82%AD%E7%B4%A0" title="二酸化炭素 – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="二酸化炭素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaaban_dayaxaid" title="Kaaban dayaxaid – อังกฤษคลีโอลจาเมกา" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kaaban dayaxaid" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษคลีโอลจาเมกา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tabrelkijno" title="tabrelkijno – โลชบัน" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tabrelkijno" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="โลชบัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida – ชวา" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Karbon dioksida" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ชวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ნახშირორჟანგი – จอร์เจีย" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნახშირორჟანგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="จอร์เจีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Көмірқышқыл газ – คาซัค" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көмірқышқыл газ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="คาซัค" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇಂಗಾಲದ ಡೈಆಕ್ಸೈಡ್ – กันนาดา" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಂಗಾಲದ ಡೈಆಕ್ಸೈಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="กันนาดา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94_%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="이산화 탄소 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이산화 탄소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8E%D9%86_%DA%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88" title="کاربَن ڈایی آکسایڈ – แคชเมียร์" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کاربَن ڈایی آکسایڈ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="แคชเมียร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbond%C3%AEoks%C3%AEd" title="Karbondîoksîd – เคิร์ด" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Karbondîoksîd" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonii_dioxidum" title="Carbonii dioxidum – ละติน" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carbonii dioxidum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ละติน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuelendioxid" title="Kuelendioxid – ลักเซมเบิร์ก" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kuelendioxid" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ลักเซมเบิร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kooldioxide" title="Kooldioxide – ลิมเบิร์ก" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kooldioxide" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ลิมเบิร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%8A" title="ຄາບອນໄດອອກໄຊ – ลาว" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄາບອນໄດອອກໄຊ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="ลาว" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglies_dioksidas" title="Anglies dioksidas – ลิทัวเนีย" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anglies dioksidas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ลิทัวเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oglek%C4%BCa_dioks%C4%ABds" title="Oglekļa dioksīds – ลัตเวีย" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Oglekļa dioksīds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ลัตเวีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etona_karb%C3%B4nika" title="Etona karbônika – มาลากาซี" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Etona karbônika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="มาลากาซี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida – มีนังกาเบา" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Karbon dioksida" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="มีนังกาเบา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Јаглерод диоксид – มาซิโดเนีย" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јаглерод диоксид" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="มาซิโดเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="കാർബൺ ഡയോക്സൈഡ് – มาลายาลัม" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാർബൺ ഡയോക്സൈഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="มาลายาลัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="कार्बन डायॉक्साइड – มราฐี" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कार्बन डायॉक्साइड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="มราฐี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida – มาเลย์" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Karbon dioksida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="มาเลย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%97%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ကာဗွန်ဒိုင်အောက်ဆိုက် – พม่า" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကာဗွန်ဒိုင်အောက်ဆိုက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="พม่า" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenstoffdioxid" title="Kohlenstoffdioxid – เยอรมันต่ำ" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kohlenstoffdioxid" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมันต่ำ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="कार्बनडाइअक्साइड – เนปาล" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कार्बनडाइअक्साइड" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="เนปาล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolstofdioxide" title="Koolstofdioxide – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koolstofdioxide" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbondioksid" title="Karbondioksid – นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Karbondioksid" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbondioksid" title="Karbondioksid – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karbondioksid" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioxid_de_carb%C3%B2ni" title="Dioxid de carbòni – อ็อกซิตัน" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Dioxid de carbòni" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="อ็อกซิตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarbon_daayi%27oksaayidii" title="Kaarbon daayi'oksaayidii – โอโรโม" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kaarbon daayi'oksaayidii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="โอโรโม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A1" title="ਕਾਰਬਨ ਡਾਈਆਕਸਾਈਡ – ปัญจาบ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਰਬਨ ਡਾਈਆਕਸਾਈਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ปัญจาบ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwutlenek_w%C4%99gla" title="Dwutlenek węgla – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dwutlenek węgla" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anidrid_carb%C3%B2nica" title="Anidrid carbònica – พีดมอนต์" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Anidrid carbònica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="พีดมอนต์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86_%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%88" title="کاربن ڈائی آکسائڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کاربن ڈائی آکسائڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%80%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86_%DA%89%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="کـاربن ډای اکسايد – พัชโต" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کـاربن ډای اکسايد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="พัชโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%B3xido_de_carbono" title="Dióxido de carbono – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dióxido de carbono" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimlasay" title="Chimlasay – เคชวา" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chimlasay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="เคชวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioxid_de_carbon" title="Dioxid de carbon – โรมาเนีย" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dioxid de carbon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="โรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Диоксид углерода – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Диоксид углерода" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Харыалык диоксида – ซาคา" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Харыалык диоксида" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ซาคา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%B2ssidu_de_carb%C3%B2niu" title="Diòssidu de carbòniu – ซาร์เดญา" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Diòssidu de carbòniu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="ซาร์เดญา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="บทความคัดสรร"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anidridi_carb%C3%B2nica" title="Anidridi carbònica – ซิซิลี" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Anidridi carbònica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ซิซิลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caurbon_dioxide" title="Caurbon dioxide – สกอตส์" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Caurbon dioxide" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="สกอตส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljen-dioksid" title="Ugljen-dioksid – เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ugljen-dioksid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" title="කාබන් ඩයොක්සයිඩ් – สิงหล" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කාබන් ඩයොක්සයිඩ්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="สิงหล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Carbon dioxide" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxid_uhli%C4%8Dit%C3%BD" title="Oxid uhličitý – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Oxid uhličitý" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogljikov_dioksid" title="Ogljikov dioksid – สโลวีเนีย" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ogljikov dioksid" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="สโลวีเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarboon_laba_ogsaydh" title="Kaarboon laba ogsaydh – โซมาลี" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kaarboon laba ogsaydh" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="โซมาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioksidi_i_karbonit" title="Dioksidi i karbonit – แอลเบเนีย" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dioksidi i karbonit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="แอลเบเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Угљен-диоксид – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Угљен-диоксид" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolestofdioxid" title="Koolestofdioxid – ฟรีเซียนซัทเธอร์แลนด์" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Koolestofdioxid" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="ฟรีเซียนซัทเธอร์แลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida – ซุนดา" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Karbon dioksida" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="ซุนดา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koldioxid" title="Koldioxid – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Koldioxid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioksidi_kabonia" title="Dioksidi kabonia – สวาฮีลี" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dioksidi kabonia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="สวาฮีลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwutlynek_w%C5%AFngla" title="Dwutlynek wůngla – ไซลีเซีย" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Dwutlynek wůngla" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="ไซลีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="கார்பனீராக்சைடு – ทมิฬ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கார்பனீராக்சைடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ทมิฬ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D" title="కార్బన్ డయాక్సైడ్ – เตลูกู" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కార్బన్ డయాక్సైడ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="เตลูกู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide – ตากาล็อก" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Carbon dioxide" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ตากาล็อก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbondioksit" title="Karbondioksit – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karbondioksit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%AA_%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%89%D8%AF" title="كاربون تۆت ئوكسىد – อุยกูร์" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كاربون تۆت ئوكسىد" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="อุยกูร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8E" title="Діоксид вуглецю – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Діоксид вуглецю" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86_%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%88" title="کاربن ڈائی آکسائڈ – อูรดู" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاربن ڈائی آکسائڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="อูรดู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonat_angidrid" title="Karbonat angidrid – อุซเบก" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Karbonat angidrid" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="อุซเบก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hil%27muiktuzgaz" title="Hil'muiktuzgaz – เวปส์" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Hil'muiktuzgaz" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="เวปส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Carbon dioxide" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyocside_di_carbone" title="Diyocside di carbone – วอลลูน" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Diyocside di carbone" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="วอลลูน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide – วาเรย์" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Carbon dioxide" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="วาเรย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳 – จีนอู๋" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="二氧化碳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="จีนอู๋" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide – คะห์โอซา" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Carbon dioxide" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="คะห์โอซา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9F_%D7%96%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A1" title="קוילן זייערס – ยิดดิช" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קוילן זייערס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ยิดดิช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1rb%C3%B3n%C3%AC_%E1%BB%8Dl%E1%BB%8D%CC%81ks%C3%ADj%C3%ADn%C3%ACm%C3%A9j%C3%AC" title="Kárbónì ọlọ́ksíjínìméjì – โยรูบา" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kárbónì ọlọ́ksíjínìméjì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="โยรูบา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngeihyangjvaqdanq" title="Ngeihyangjvaqdanq – จ้วง" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ngeihyangjvaqdanq" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="จ้วง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="二氧化碳" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳 – จีนคลาสสิก" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="二氧化碳" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="จีนคลาสสิก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%AB-sng-h%C3%B2a_th%C3%B2a%E2%81%BF-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Jī-sng-hòa thòaⁿ-sò͘ – จีนมินหนาน" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jī-sng-hòa thòaⁿ-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="จีนมินหนาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳 – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="二氧化碳" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="กวางตุ้ง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmCalahle_ontuhlambili" title="UmCalahle ontuhlambili – ซูลู" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmCalahle ontuhlambili" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="ซูลู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1997#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="ดูหน้าเนื้อหา [c]" accesskey="c"><span>บทความ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">มีข้อสงสัยว่าบทความนี้อาจ<b>ละเมิดลิขสิทธิ์</b> แต่ระบุไม่ได้ชัดเจนเพราะขาด<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="วิกิพีเดีย:การอ้างอิงแหล่งที่มา">แหล่งที่มา</a> หรืออ้างถึงสิ่งพิมพ์ที่ยังตรวจสอบไม่ได้ หากแสดงได้ว่าบทความนี้ละเมิดลิขสิทธิ์ ให้แทนป้ายนี้ด้วย {{<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C" title="แม่แบบ:ละเมิดลิขสิทธิ์">ละเมิดลิขสิทธิ์</a>}} หากคุณมั่นใจว่าบทความนี้ไม่ได้ละเมิดลิขสิทธิ์ ให้แสดงหลักฐาน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="พูดคุย:คาร์บอนไดออกไซด์">ในหน้าอภิปราย</a> โปรดอย่านำป้ายนี้ออกก่อนมีข้อสรุป</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11180373">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox" style="width:22em;"> <caption>คาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Carbon-dioxide-2D-dimensions.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Structural formula of carbon dioxide with bond length"><img alt="Structural formula of carbon dioxide with bond length" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Carbon-dioxide-2D-dimensions.svg/180px-Carbon-dioxide-2D-dimensions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Carbon-dioxide-2D-dimensions.svg/270px-Carbon-dioxide-2D-dimensions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Carbon-dioxide-2D-dimensions.svg/360px-Carbon-dioxide-2D-dimensions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="330" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="borderless" style="text-align:center"> <table border="0" style="width:100%;display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border-right:1px solid #aaa;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Carbon_dioxide_3D_ball.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ball-and-stick model of carbon dioxide"><img alt="Ball-and-stick model of carbon dioxide" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Carbon_dioxide_3D_ball.png/110px-Carbon_dioxide_3D_ball.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Carbon_dioxide_3D_ball.png/165px-Carbon_dioxide_3D_ball.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Carbon_dioxide_3D_ball.png/220px-Carbon_dioxide_3D_ball.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1422" /></a><figcaption>Ball-and-stick model of carbon dioxide</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Carbon_dioxide_3D_spacefill.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Space-filling model of carbon dioxide"><img alt="Space-filling model of carbon dioxide" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Carbon_dioxide_3D_spacefill.png/110px-Carbon_dioxide_3D_spacefill.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Carbon_dioxide_3D_spacefill.png/165px-Carbon_dioxide_3D_spacefill.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Carbon_dioxide_3D_spacefill.png/220px-Carbon_dioxide_3D_spacefill.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1693" /></a><figcaption>Space-filling model of carbon dioxide</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">ชื่อ </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_nomenclature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemical nomenclature (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">IUPAC name</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">Carbon dioxide</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">ชื่ออื่น <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Carbonic acid gas</li><li>Carbonic anhydride</li><li>Carbonic dioxide</li><li>Carbonic oxide</li><li>Carbon(IV) oxide</li><li>Methanedione</li><li>R-744 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_refrigerants&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of refrigerants (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">refrigerant</a>)</li><li>R744 (refrigerant alternative spelling)</li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87" title="น้ำแข็งแห้ง">น้ำแข็งแห้ง</a> (สถานะของแข็ง)</li></ul></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">เลขทะเบียน </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99_CAS" title="เลขทะเบียน CAS">เลขทะเบียน CAS</a></div> </td> <td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=124-38-9">124-38-9</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">3D model (<a href="/w/index.php?title=JSmol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSmol (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">JSmol</a>)</div> </td> <td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=O%3DC%3DO">รูปภาพแบบโต้ตอบ</a></span></li><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=C%28%3DO%29%3DO">รูปภาพแบบโต้ตอบ</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3DMet </td> <td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.3dmet.dna.affrc.go.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3dmet.dna.affrc.go.jp/cgi/show_data.php?acc=B01131">B01131</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beilstein_database&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beilstein database (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Beilstein Reference</a></div> </td> <td>1900390 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChEBI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChEBI (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ChEBI</a> </td> <td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=16526">CHEBI:16526</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChEMBL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChEMBL (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ChEMBL</a> </td> <td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/ChEMBL1231871">ChEMBL1231871</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เคมสไปเดอร์">เคมสไปเดอร์</a> </td> <td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.274.html">274</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ECHA_InfoCard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ECHA InfoCard (ไม่มีหน้านี้)"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.004.271">100.004.271</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997#P2566" title="แก้ไขสิ่งนี้ที่วิกิสนเทศ"><img alt="แก้ไขสิ่งนี้ที่วิกิสนเทศ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Community_number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Community number (ไม่มีหน้านี้)"><span title="European Community number (chemical identifier)">EC Number</span></a> </td> <td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>204-696-9</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5" title="เลขอี"><span title="E number (food additive code)">เลขอี</span></a> </td> <td>E290 <a href="/w/index.php?title=E_number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E number (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">(preservatives)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmelin_database&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gmelin database (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Gmelin Reference</a></div> </td> <td>989 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEGG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KEGG (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">KEGG</a> </td> <td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D00004">D00004</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a> </td> <td><span title="www.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?mode=&term=Carbon+dioxide">Carbon+dioxide</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1" title="ผับเคม">ผับเคม</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div> </td> <td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/280">280</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=RTECS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTECS (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">RTECS number</a> </td> <td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>FF6400000</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unique_Ingredient_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">UNII</a> </td> <td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/142M471B3J">142M471B3J</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UN_number" title="UN number">UN number</a> </td> <td>1013 (แก๊ส), 1845 (ของแข็ง) </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></div> </td> <td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID4027028">DTXSID4027028</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997#P3117" title="แก้ไขสิ่งนี้ที่วิกิสนเทศ"><img alt="แก้ไขสิ่งนี้ที่วิกิสนเทศ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; text-align: left; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Chemical_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Chemical Identifier (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/CO2/c2-1-3<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1/CO2/c2-1-3</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYAO</div></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; text-align: left; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">O=C=O</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">C(=O)=O</div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">คุณสมบัติ </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" title="สูตรเคมี">สูตรเคมี</a></div> </td> <td><span title="Carbon">C</span><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>2</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5" title="มวลโมเลกุล">มวลโมเลกุล</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001440090000000000♠"></span>44.009</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup>   </td></tr> <tr> <td>ลักษณะทางกายภาพ </td> <td>แก๊สไร้สี </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="กลิ่น">กลิ่น</a> </td> <td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Low concentrations: none</li><li>High concentrations: sharp; acidic<sup id="cite_ref-AirProductsMSDS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AirProductsMSDS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="ความหนาแน่น">ความหนาแน่น</a> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9259874">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{list-style:none;padding-left:0}</style> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>1562<span class="nowrap"> </span>kg/m<sup>3</sup> (ของแข็งที่ 1 atm (100 kPa) และ −78.5 °C (−109.3 °F))</li> <li>1101<span class="nowrap"> </span>kg/m<sup>3</sup> (ของเหลวที่ความอิ่มตัว −37 °C (−35 °F))</li> <li>1.977<span class="nowrap"> </span>kg/m<sup>3</sup> (แก๊สที่ 1 atm (100 kPa) และ 0 °C (32 °F))</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%95" title="อุณหภูมิวิกฤต">จุดวิกฤติ</a> (<i>T</i>, <i>P</i>) </td> <td>304.128(15) K<sup id="cite_ref-Span_1999_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Span_1999-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (30.978(15) °C), 7.3773(30) MPa<sup id="cite_ref-Span_1999_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Span_1999-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (72.808(30) atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sublimation_(phase_transition)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sublimation (phase transition) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Sublimation<br />conditions</a></div> </td> <td>194.6855(30) K (−78.4645(30) °C) ที่ 1 atm (0.101325 MPa) </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3" title="สารละลายในน้ำ">ละลายในน้ำ</a></div> </td> <td>1.45<span class="nowrap"> </span>g/L at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa (0.99 atm) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD" title="ความดันไอ">ความดันไอ</a> </td> <td>5.7292(30) MPa, 56.54(30) atm (20 °C (293.15 K)) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=PKa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PKa (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">pKa</a> </td> <td>6.35, 10.33 </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetic_susceptibility&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetic susceptibility (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Magnetic susceptibility</a> (χ)</div> </td> <td>−20.5·10<sup>−6</sup><span class="nowrap"> </span>cm<sup>3</sup>/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="การนำความร้อน">การนำความร้อน</a> </td> <td>0.01662<span class="nowrap"> </span>W·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup> (300 K (27 °C; 80 °F))<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ดัชนีหักเหแสง">ดัชนีหักเหแสง</a> (<i>n</i><sub>D</sub>)</div> </td> <td>1.00045 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%94" title="ความหนืด">ความหนืด</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9259874"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>14.90 μPa·s at 25 °C (298 K)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>70<span class="nowrap"> </span>μPa·s at −78.5 °C (194.7 K)</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dipole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dipole (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Dipole moment</a></div> </td> <td>0<span class="nowrap"> </span>D </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">โครงสร้าง </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81" title="โครงสร้างผลึก">โครงสร้างผลึก</a></div> </td> <td>Trigonal </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molecular_geometry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molecular geometry (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">รูปร่างโมเลกุล</a></div> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linear_(chemistry)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linear (chemistry) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เส้นตรง</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">อุณหเคมี </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0" title="ความร้อนจำเพาะ">ความจุความร้อน</a> <span style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:112%;color:black;background-color:transparent;;">(<i>C</i>)</span> </div> </td> <td>37.135<span class="nowrap"> </span>J/(K·mol) </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_molar_entropy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard molar entropy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Std molar<br />entropy</a> <span style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:112%;color:black;background-color:transparent;;">(<i>S</i><sup>⦵</sup><sub>298</sub>)</span> </div> </td> <td>214<span class="nowrap"> </span>J·mol<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_enthalpy_change_of_formation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard enthalpy change of formation (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Std enthalpy of<br />formation</a> <span style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:112%;color:black;background-color:transparent;;">(Δ<sub>f</sub><i>H</i><sup>⦵</sup><sub>298</sub>)</span> </div> </td> <td>−393.5<span class="nowrap"> </span>kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">เภสัชวิทยา </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ระบบจำแนกประเภทยาตามการรักษาทางกายวิภาคศาสตร์">ATC code</a></div> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATC_code_V03&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATC code V03 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">V03AN02</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=V03AN02">WHO</a></span>)  </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">ความอันตราย </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704"><b>NFPA 704</b></a> (fire diamond) </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11180461">.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-ref{float:right;padding:1px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container{width:82px;font-family:sans-serif;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container-ref{float:left;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-images{float:left;font-size:20px;text-align:center;position:relative;height:80px;width:80px;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-map{position:absolute;height:80px;width:80px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond .noresize{margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code{line-height:1em;text-align:center;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code>a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-blue{width:13px;top:31px;left:15px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-red{width:12px;top:12px;left:35px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-yellow{width:13px;top:31px;left:54px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-image{position:relative;top:51px;left:0}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text{vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;line-height:80%;position:absolute;top:52px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text a>span{position:absolute;color:black}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wors{font-size:15px;width:23px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wox{font-size:15px;font-stretch:condensed;width:21px;line-height:80%;top:-4px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-abcp{font-size:13.5px;font-stretch:condensed;width:28px;left:26px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-ac{font-size:10px;width:30px;left:25px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-strike{text-decoration:line-through}</style><div class="nfpa-704-diamond"><div class="nfpa-74-diamond-refs"><sup id="cite_ref-AG-20180212_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AG-20180212-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-container nfpa-704-diamond-container-ref"><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-images nounderlines"> <div class="nfpa-704-diamond-map"><figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="NFPA 704 four-colored diamond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/80px-NFPA_704.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/120px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/160px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" usemap="#ImageMap_812536d3481b3e86" /></span><map name="ImageMap_812536d3481b3e86"><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" shape="poly" coords="23,23,47,47,23,70,0,47" alt="Health 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroform" title="Health 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroform" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" shape="poly" coords="47,0,70,23,47,47,23,23" alt="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" title="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" shape="poly" coords="70,23,94,47,70,70,47,47" alt="Instability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogen" title="Instability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogen" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#White" shape="poly" coords="47,47,70,70,47,94,23,70" alt="Special hazard SA: Simple asphyxiant gas. E.g. nitrogen, helium" title="Special hazard SA: Simple asphyxiant gas. E.g. nitrogen, helium" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-blue"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Health 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroform">2</span></a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-red"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water">0</span></a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-yellow"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Instability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogen">0</span></a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-white-text"><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#White" title="NFPA 704"><span class="nfpa-704-diamond-white-wors" title="Special hazard SA: Simple asphyxiant gas. E.g. nitrogen, helium">SA</span></a></div></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;"><b>ปริมาณ</b>หรือความเข้มข้น (LD, LC): </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f1f1f1;"> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">LC<sub>Lo</sub> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lethal_dose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lethal dose (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">lowest published</a>)</div> </td> <td>90,000<span class="nowrap"> </span>ppm (162,000<span class="nowrap"> </span>mg/m<sup>3</sup>)(human, 5<span class="nowrap"> </span>min)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (ไม่มีหน้านี้)"><b>NIOSH</b></a> (US health exposure limits): </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f1f1f1;"> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permissible_exposure_limit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permissible exposure limit (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">PEL</a> (Permissible)</div> </td> <td>TWA 5000<span class="nowrap"> </span>ppm (9000<span class="nowrap"> </span>mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-PGCH_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PGCH-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f1f1f1;"> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recommended_exposure_limit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recommended exposure limit (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">REL</a> (Recommended)</div> </td> <td>TWA 5000<span class="nowrap"> </span>ppm (9000<span class="nowrap"> </span>mg/m<sup>3</sup>), ST 30,000<span class="nowrap"> </span>ppm (54,000<span class="nowrap"> </span>mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-PGCH_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PGCH-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f1f1f1;"> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IDLH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IDLH (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">IDLH</a> (Immediate danger)</div> </td> <td>40,000<span class="nowrap"> </span>ppm (72,000<span class="nowrap"> </span>mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-PGCH_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PGCH-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2" title="เอกสารข้อมูลความปลอดภัย">เอกสารข้อมูลความปลอดภัย</a> (SDS) </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/sds/aldrich/295108">Sigma-Aldrich</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">สารประกอบอื่นที่เกี่ยวข้องกัน </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="ไอออน">แอนไอออน</a>อื่น ๆ</div> </td> <td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_disulfide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbon disulfide (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Carbon disulfide</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_diselenide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbon diselenide (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Carbon diselenide</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_ditelluride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbon ditelluride (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Carbon ditelluride</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="ไอออน">แคทไอออน</a>อื่น ๆ</div> </td> <td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon dioxide">Silicon dioxide</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanium_dioxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanium dioxide (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Germanium dioxide</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_dioxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tin dioxide (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Tin dioxide</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lead_dioxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lead dioxide (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Lead dioxide</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon">carbon</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxide (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">oxides</a>ที่เกี่ยวข้อง</div> </td> <td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon monoxide">Carbon monoxide</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_suboxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon suboxide">Carbon suboxide</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dicarbon_monoxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dicarbon monoxide (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Dicarbon monoxide</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbon_trioxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbon trioxide (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Carbon trioxide</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">สารประกอบที่เกี่ยวข้อง</div> </td> <td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbonic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbonic acid">Carbonic acid</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonyl_sulfide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbonyl sulfide (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Carbonyl sulfide</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">หากมิได้ระบุเป็นอื่น ข้อมูลข้างต้นนี้คือข้อมูลสาร ณ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ภาวะมาตรฐาน">ภาวะมาตรฐานที่ 25 °C, 100 kPa</a></div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"></div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">อ้างอิงกล่องข้อมูล</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> <p><b>คาร์บอนไดออกไซด์</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ">อังกฤษ</a>: <span lang="en">carbon dioxide</span>) หรือ CO<sub>2</sub> เป็นก๊าซไม่มีสี ซึ่งหากหายใจเอาก๊าซนี้เข้าไปในปริมาณมาก ๆ จะรู้สึกเปรี้ยวที่ปาก เกิดการระคายเคืองที่จมูกและคอ เนื่องจากอาจเกิดการละลายของแก๊สนี้ในเมือกในอวัยวะ ก่อให้เกิด<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="กรดคาร์บอนิก">กรดคาร์บอนิก</a>อย่างอ่อน </p><p>คาร์บอนไดออกไซด์มี<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="ความหนาแน่น">ความหนาแน่น</a> 1.98 kg/m<sup>3</sup> ซึ่งเป็นประมาณ 1.5 เท่าของอากาศ โมเลกุลประกอบด้วยพันธะคู่ 2 พันธะ (O=C=O) หรือ CO2 น้ำหนักโมเลกุล 44.01 <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>ไม่ติดไฟและไม่ทำปฏิกิริยา </p><p>คาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ในสถานะของแข็ง เรียกอีกชื่อหนึ่งว่า คาร์บอนไดออกไซด์แข็ง หรือ solid carbon dioxide เตรียมได้จากการนำแก๊สคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์มาผ่านกระบวนการอัดและทำให้เย็นลงภายใต้ความดันสูงกลายเป็นคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์เหลว แล้วลดความดันลงอย่างรวดเร็วโดยการพ่นคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์เหลวสู่ความดันบรรยากาศ ผลที่ได้คือเกล็ดน้ำแข็งคล้ายเกล็ดหิมะแล้วจึงนำมาอัดเป็นรูป<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>คาร์บอนไดออกไซด์จะกลายเป็นของแข็งที่มีสีขาวอุณหภูมิ -78 องศาเซลเซียส โดยไม่ผ่านการเป็นของเหลวก่อน หากต้องการทำให้คาร์บอนไดออกไซด์เป็นของเหลว ต้องใช้<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ความดัน">ความดัน</a>ไม่น้อยกว่า 5.1 บรรยากาศ </p><p><br /> คาร์บอนไดออกไซด์สามารถละลายน้ำได้ 1 เปอร์เซนต์ของสารละลายนั้นจะกลายเป็นกรดคาร์บอนิกซึ่งจะเปลี่ยนรูปเป็น<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ไบคาร์บอเนต (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ไบคาร์บอเนต</a>และ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="คาร์บอเนต (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">คาร์บอเนต</a>ในภายหลัง </p><p>การทดสอบแก๊สคาร์บอนได้ออกไซด์ สามารถทำได้ 2 วิธี คือ </p> <ul><li>1. นำ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B" title="ธูป">ธูป</a>ที่ติดไฟอยู่เข้าไปในหลอดทดลองที่มีคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์อยู่ ไฟจะดับ เพราะคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ไม่ได้ช่วยในการติดไฟของสาร จึงนำมาใช้เป็นก๊าซดับเพลิงได้</li> <li>2. ผ่านแก๊สคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ไปใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AA" title="น้ำปูนใส">น้ำปูนใส</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="แคลเซียมไฮดรอกไซด์">แคลเซียมไฮดรอกไซด์</a>) น้ำปูนใสจะขุ่น เนื่องจากเกิดแคลเซียมคาบอเนตเกิดขึ้น</li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ประโยชน์ของน้ำแข็งแห้ง"><span id=".E0.B8.9B.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B0.E0.B9.82.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.8A.E0.B8.99.E0.B9.8C.E0.B8.82.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.99.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B3.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.82.E0.B9.87.E0.B8.87.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.AB.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.87"></span>ประโยชน์ของน้ำแข็งแห้ง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ประโยชน์ของน้ำแข็งแห้ง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>ด้านอุตสาหกรรม</b> </p> <ul><li>การบดเย็น (Cold Grinding) น้ำแข็งแห้งช่วยบดวัสดุสังเคราะห์ที่แตกยาก เช่น Plexiglas, PVC , Resin , Epoxy , ABS , Polypropylene , Vinyl และอื่น ๆ ด้วยการทำให้เย็นจัดบดแตกได้ง่าย</li> <li>การลดอุณหภูมิ (Low Temperature Refrigerant) ในอุตสาหกรรมเคมีและอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ น้ำแข็งแห้งเป็นตัวทำความเย็นต่ำที่หาได้ง่ายและใช้งานอย่างกว้างขวางในห้องปฏิบัติการ โรงงานนำร่อง ตู้ทดสอบอุณหภูมิต่ำทุกชนิด สายพานการผลิต และการประกอบชิ้นส่วน อิเล็กทรอนิกซ์</li> <li>การให้ความเย็นและก๊าซเฉื่อย (Inerting and Cooling) การใส่น้ำแข็งแห้งลงในถังผสมสารเคมี นอกจากจะช่วยให้เกิดความเย็นแล้วยังสามารถช่วยปกคลุมสารเคมี มิให้เกิดปฏิกิริยาในถัง</li></ul> <p><b>ด้านการขนส่ง</b> </p> <ul><li>บรรจุน้ำ แข็งแห้งน้ำหนักเบาไว้ในตู้คอนเทนเนอร์เพื่อป้องกันอาหารพวกเนื้อสัตว์ เนื้อไก่ ผัก ผลไม้ หรืออาหารทะเลมิให้เน่าเสียระหว่างการขนส่ง</li></ul> <p><b>และประโยชน์ในด้านอื่น ๆ เช่น</b> </p> <ul><li>ในอุตสาหกรรมอาหารประเภทไอศกรีม นม เบเกอรี่ ไส้กรอก และเนื้อสัตว์ เพื่อถนอมอาหารในขั้นตอนการผลิตหรือในการขนส่งหรือเก็บอาหารสำหรับเสิร์ฟบนเครื่อง</li></ul> <p>บิน<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>คาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ยังใช้สำหรับการผลิต<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1" title="น้ำอัดลม">น้ำอัดลม</a>หรือ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="โซดา">โซดา</a> และยังมีผสมใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เบียร์">เบียร์</a>ได้ตามธรรมชาติอีกด้วย อย่างไรก็ตาม เบียร์บางยี่ห้อได้มีการใส่คาร์บอนไดออกไซด์โดยเจตนาด้วย </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ข้อควรระวังจากการใช้น้ำแข็งแห้ง"><span id=".E0.B8.82.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B0.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.88.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A3.E0.B9.83.E0.B8.8A.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.99.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B3.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.82.E0.B9.87.E0.B8.87.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.AB.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.87"></span>ข้อควรระวังจากการใช้น้ำแข็งแห้ง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ข้อควรระวังจากการใช้น้ำแข็งแห้ง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B3_%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81" title="หม่ำ จ๊กมก">ห</a>ากจับต้องน้ำแข้งแห้งด้วยมือเปล่าหรือสัมผัสกับผิวหนังโดยตรงก็จะทำให้ผิวหนังไหม้ได้จากความเย็นจัด ( frost – bite ) ได้น้ำแข็งถือว่าเป็นวัตถุอันตรายชนิดหนึ่ง</li> <li>ซึ่งเกิดจากการบรรจุน้ำแข็งแห้งในภาชนะปิดสนิทไม่มีช่องระบายอาจทำให้เกิดการสะสมของแก๊สคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ที่ระเหิดออกมา เมือถึงระดับหนึ่งจะเกิดแรงดันและระเบิดในที่สุด ดังนั้นในการขนส่งน้ำแข็งแห้งปริมาณมาก ๆ จะต้องเก็บในภาชนะบรรจุน้ำแข็งโดยเฉพาะที่มีช่องระบายอากาศ นอกจากจะเป็นการป้องกันการระเบิดแล้วยังช่วยลดอัตราการระเหิดของน้ำแข็งได้</li> <li>การเก็บน้ำแข็งแห้งปริมาณมาก ๆในห้องแคบ ๆ หรือห้องเพดานต่ำที่การระบายอากาศไม่ดีพอ แก๊สคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ที่ระเหิดออกมาแทนที่ออกซิเจนที่ทำให้ขาดอากาศหายใจได้<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="การปฐมพยาบาลเบื้องต้นจากอันตรายของน้ำแข็งแห้ง"><span id=".E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.9B.E0.B8.90.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A5.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.B7.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.95.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.88.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.82.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.99.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B3.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.82.E0.B9.87.E0.B8.87.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.AB.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.87"></span>การปฐมพยาบาลเบื้องต้นจากอันตรายของน้ำแข็งแห้ง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&section=3" title="แก้ไขส่วน: การปฐมพยาบาลเบื้องต้นจากอันตรายของน้ำแข็งแห้ง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>กรณีถูกน้ำแข็งแห้งกัดให้ล้างมือทันทีด้วยน้ำสะอาดในปริมาณมากและไปพบแพทย์</li> <li>การรักษาภาวะได้รับคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์เกิน (ร่วมกับภาวะขาดออกซิเจน) ต้องนำผู้ป่วยออกจากสภาวะขาดอากาศ หรือบริเวณที่มีแก๊สคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์สะสมอยู่มากออกมาให้เร็วที่สุดก่อน ตรวจดูทางเดินหายใจ ถ้าหมดสติและไม่หายใจแล้ว ต้องรีบทำการช่วยหายใจ หน่วยกู้ชีพอาจพิจารณาใส่ท่อช่วยหายใจเพื่อรักษาชีวิต และรีบให้ออกซิเจนเสริมด้วยความรวดเร็ว จากนั้นรีบนำส่งพบแพทย์<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="เกร็ดความรู้เพิ่มเติม"><span id=".E0.B9.80.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A3.E0.B9.87.E0.B8.94.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B9.E0.B9.89.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.B4.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.A1.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.A1"></span>เกร็ดความรู้เพิ่มเติม</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&section=4" title="แก้ไขส่วน: เกร็ดความรู้เพิ่มเติม"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>เป็นที่รู้กันดีว่าแก๊สคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์จะหนักกว่าอากาศจึงมักจะลอยอยู่ในระดับต่ำ ดังนั้นหากจำเป็นต้องทำงานร่วมกับน้ำแข็งแห้ง ในพื้นที่แคบหรือพื้นที่กว้างที่ระบบถ่ายเทอากาศไม่สะดวก ควรมีการวางระบบระบายอากาศไว้บริเวณด้านล่างของพื้นที่ และถ้าในอากาศมีปริมาณคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์มากกว่าร้อยละ 5 จะทำให้เกิดพิษได้ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&section=5" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AirProductsMSDS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AirProductsMSDS_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="th" dir="ltr">อ้างอิงผิดพลาด: ป้ายระบุ <code><ref></code> ไม่ถูกต้อง ไม่มีการกำหนดข้อความสำหรับอ้างอิงชื่อ <code>AirProductsMSDS</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Span_1999-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Span_1999_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Span_1999_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10205087">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFSpanWagner1996" class="citation journal cs1">Span R, Wagner W (1996-11-01). "A New Equation of State for Carbon Dioxide Covering the Fluid Region from the Triple‐Point Temperature to 1100 K at Pressures up to 800 MPa". <i>Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data</i>. <b>25</b> (6): 1519. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996JPCRD..25.1509S">1996JPCRD..25.1509S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.555991">10.1063/1.555991</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Physical+and+Chemical+Reference+Data&rft.atitle=A+New+Equation+of+State+for+Carbon+Dioxide+Covering+the+Fluid+Region+from+the+Triple%E2%80%90Point+Temperature+to+1100+K+at+Pressures+up+to+800+MPa&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1519&rft.date=1996-11-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.555991&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1996JPCRD..25.1509S&rft.aulast=Span&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Wagner%2C+W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFTouloukianLileySaxena1970" class="citation journal cs1">Touloukian YS, Liley PE, Saxena SC (1970). "Thermophysical properties of matter - the TPRC data series". <i>Thermal Conductivity - Nonmetallic Liquids and Gases</i>. Data book. <b>3</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thermal+Conductivity+-+Nonmetallic+Liquids+and+Gases&rft.atitle=Thermophysical+properties+of+matter+-+the+TPRC+data+series&rft.volume=3&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Touloukian&rft.aufirst=YS&rft.au=Liley%2C+PE&rft.au=Saxena%2C+SC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFSchäferRichterSpan2015" class="citation journal cs1">Schäfer M, Richter M, Span R (2015). "Measurements of the viscosity of carbon dioxide at temperatures from (253.15 to 473.15) K with pressures up to 1.2 MPa". <i>The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics</i>. <b>89</b>: 7–15. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jct.2015.04.015">10.1016/j.jct.2015.04.015</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Chemical+Thermodynamics&rft.atitle=Measurements+of+the+viscosity+of+carbon+dioxide+at+temperatures+from+%28253.15+to+473.15%29+K+with+pressures+up+to+1.2+MPa&rft.volume=89&rft.pages=7-15&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jct.2015.04.015&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%A4fer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Richter%2C+M&rft.au=Span%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PGCH-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-PGCH_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-PGCH_5-1">5.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-PGCH_5-2">5.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFNIOSH_Pocket_Guide_to_Chemical_Hazards" class="citation web cs1">NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0103.html">"#0103"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> (NIOSH).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%230103&rft.pub=National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health+%28NIOSH%29&rft.au=NIOSH+Pocket+Guide+to+Chemical+Hazards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fniosh%2Fnpg%2Fnpgd0103.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/124389.html">"Carbon dioxide"</a>. <i>Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations (IDLH)</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> (NIOSH).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Immediately+Dangerous+to+Life+and+Health+Concentrations+%28IDLH%29&rft.atitle=Carbon+dioxide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fniosh%2Fidlh%2F124389.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AG-20180212-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AG-20180212_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airgas.com/msds/001013.pdf">"Safety Data Sheet – Carbon Dioxide Gas – version 0.03 11/11"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>AirGas.com</i>. 12 February 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180804231941/https://www.airgas.com/msds/001013.pdf">เก็บ</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 4 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AirGas.com&rft.atitle=Safety+Data+Sheet+%E2%80%93+Carbon+Dioxide+Gas+%E2%80%93+version+0.03+11%2F11&rft.date=2018-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.airgas.com%2Fmsds%2F001013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180729111736/http://www.praxair.com/-/media/documents/sds/carbon-dioxide/liquiflow-liquid-carbon-dioxide-medipure-gas-co2-safety-data-sheet-sds-p4573.pdf?la=en#page=9">"Carbon dioxide, refrigerated liquid"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praxair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praxair (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Praxair</a></i>. p. 9. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจาก<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.praxair.com/-/media/documents/sds/carbon-dioxide/liquiflow-liquid-carbon-dioxide-medipure-gas-co2-safety-data-sheet-sds-p4573.pdf?la=en#page=9">แหล่งเดิม</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>เมื่อ 29 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Praxair&rft.atitle=Carbon+dioxide%2C+refrigerated+liquid&rft.pages=9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.praxair.com%2F-%2Fmedia%2Fdocuments%2Fsds%2Fcarbon-dioxide%2Fliquiflow-liquid-carbon-dioxide-medipure-gas-co2-safety-data-sheet-sds-p4573.pdf%3Fla%3Den%23page%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">จุฑารัตน์ ฉัตรวิริยาวงศ์และวิวัฒน์ เอกบูรณะวัฒน์.2555. แหล่งที่มา:<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.summacheeva.org/index_thaitox_carbon_dioxide.htm">http://www.summacheeva.org/index_thaitox_carbon_dioxide.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305124800/http://www.summacheeva.org/index_thaitox_carbon_dioxide.htm">เก็บถาวร</a> 2016-03-05 ที่ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน">เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">จุฑารัตน์ ฉัตรวิริยาวงศ์และวิวัฒน์ เอกบูรณะวัฒน์.2555. แหล่งที่มา:<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.summacheeva.org/index_thaitox_carbon_dioxide.htm">http://www.summacheeva.org/index_thaitox_carbon_dioxide.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305124800/http://www.summacheeva.org/index_thaitox_carbon_dioxide.htm">เก็บถาวร</a> 2016-03-05 ที่ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน">เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170624071814/http://lannadryice.com/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1-showdetail-15820-24477-%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87.html">"สำเนาที่เก็บถาวร"</a>. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจาก<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lannadryice.com/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1-showdetail-15820-24477-%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87.html">แหล่งเดิม</a>เมื่อ 2017-06-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">2021-09-08</span></span>.</cite><span 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class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170624071814/http://lannadryice.com/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1-showdetail-15820-24477-%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87.html">"สำเนาที่เก็บถาวร"</a>. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจาก<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lannadryice.com/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1-showdetail-15820-24477-%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87.html">แหล่งเดิม</a>เมื่อ 2017-06-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">2021-09-08</span></span>.</cite><span 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class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.vcharkarn.com/varticle/44006">http://www.vcharkarn.com/varticle/44006</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"><span id=".E0.B9.81.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.A5.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.82.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B9.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B7.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.99"></span>แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&section=6" title="แก้ไขส่วน: แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search">วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์</a>มีสื่อที่เกี่ยวข้องกับ <b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carbon_dioxide?setlang=th">คาร์บอนไดออกไซด์</a></b></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9909451">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:auto;text-align:left;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="วิกิพีเดีย:ห้องสมุดวิกิพีเดีย">แหล่งข้อมูลห้องสมุด</a>เกี่ยวกับ <br /> <b>คาร์บอนไดออกไซด์</b> <hr /></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=&su=Carbon+dioxide">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=&su=Carbon+dioxide&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earth.nullschool.net/#current/chem/surface/level/overlay=co2sc/winkel3">Current global map of carbon dioxide concentration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0103.html">CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Carbon Dioxide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/">Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide</a> (NOAA)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napho.org/knowledge/sci/sci32.htm">คาร์บอนไดออกไซด์คืออะไร</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090206230929/http://www.napho.org/knowledge/sci/sci32.htm">เก็บถาวร</a> 2009-02-06 ที่ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน">เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" 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title="พิเศษ:EditPage/แม่แบบ:สาขาเคมี"><abbr title="แก้ไขแม่แบบนี้" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">ก</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="สาขาวิชาของเคมี" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">สาขาวิชาของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" title="เคมี">เคมี</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8" title="ตารางธาตุ">ตารางธาตุ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E" title="รายชื่อโมเลกุลชีวภาพ">รายชื่อโมเลกุลชีวภาพ</a></li> <li><a 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