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meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Penambangan+teks" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Penambangan+teks" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Penambangan+teks" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Penambangan teks</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 33 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B5" title="تنقيب في النصوص – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تنقيب في النصوص" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82" title="Извличане на знания от текст – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Извличане на знания от текст" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudarenje_tekstualnih_podataka" title="Rudarenje tekstualnih podataka – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rudarenje tekstualnih podataka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineria_de_textos" title="Mineria de textos – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mineria de textos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolov%C3%A1n%C3%AD_z_textu" title="Dolování z textu – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dolování z textu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_Mining" title="Text Mining – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Text Mining" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BE%CF%8C%CF%81%CF%85%CE%BE%CE%B7_%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Εξόρυξη κειμένου – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εξόρυξη κειμένου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_mining" title="Text mining – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Text mining" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%C3%ADa_de_textos" title="Minería de textos – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Minería de textos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekstikaeve" title="Tekstikaeve – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tekstikaeve" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testu-meatzaritza" title="Testu-meatzaritza – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Testu-meatzaritza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="متن‌کاوی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="متن‌کاوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekstinlouhinta" title="Tekstinlouhinta – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tekstinlouhinta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fouille_de_textes" title="Fouille de textes – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fouille de textes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%98" title="כריית טקסט – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כריית טקסט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%B6vegb%C3%A1ny%C3%A1szat" title="Szövegbányászat – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szövegbányászat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_mining" title="Text mining – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Text mining" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8B%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="テキストマイニング – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テキストマイニング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86" title="ಪಠ್ಯ ಗಣಿಗಾರಿಕೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಠ್ಯ ಗಣಿಗಾರಿಕೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8D%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%EB%8B%9D" title="텍스트 마이닝 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="텍스트 마이닝" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textmining" title="Textmining – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Textmining" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_mining" title="Text mining – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Text mining" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_texto" title="Mineração de texto – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mineração de texto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Интеллектуальный анализ текста – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Интеллектуальный анализ текста" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudarjenje_besedil" title="Rudarjenje besedil – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rudarjenje besedil" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_mining" title="Text mining – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Text mining" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1" title="การทำเหมืองข้อความ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การทำเหมืองข้อความ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metin_madencili%C4%9Fi" title="Metin madenciliği – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Metin madenciliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83" title="Інтелектуальний аналіз тексту – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Інтелектуальний аналіз тексту" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellektual_matn_tahlili" title="Intellektual matn tahlili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Intellektual matn tahlili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khai_th%C3%A1c_v%C4%83n_b%E1%BA%A3n" title="Khai thác văn bản – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khai thác văn bản" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E6%8C%96%E6%8E%98" title="文本挖掘 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="文本挖掘" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E6%8E%A2%E5%8B%98" title="文本探勘 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="文本探勘" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q676880#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Penambangan_teks" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan:Penambangan_teks&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi (halaman belum tersedia) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tripletsnew2012.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Tripletsnew2012.png/220px-Tripletsnew2012.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Tripletsnew2012.png/330px-Tripletsnew2012.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Tripletsnew2012.png/440px-Tripletsnew2012.png 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption>Narrative Network of US Election 2012 - Nodes indicate noun phrases, links go from subject to object, color expresses relation of support or opposition. Appeared in: "Automated analysis of the US presidential elections using Big Data and network analysis; S Sudhahar, GA Veltri, N Cristianini; Big Data & Society 2 (1), 1-28, 2015"</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Penambangan teks</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>: <span lang="en"><i>text mining</i></span>) adalah proses ekstraksi <a href="/wiki/Pola" title="Pola">pola</a> berupa <a href="/wiki/Informasi" title="Informasi">informasi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pengetahuan" title="Pengetahuan">pengetahuan</a> yang berguna dari sejumlah besar sumber <a href="/wiki/Data" title="Data">data</a> <a href="/wiki/Teks" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Teks">teks</a>, seperti dokumen <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Word</a>, <a href="/wiki/PDF" class="mw-redirect" title="PDF">PDF</a>, kutipan teks, dll. Jenis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masukan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masukan (halaman belum tersedia)">masukan</a> untuk penambangan teks ini disebut data tak terstruktur dan merupakan pembeda utama dengan <a href="/wiki/Penambangan_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Penambangan data">penambangan data</a> yang menggunakan data terstruktur atau <a href="/wiki/Basis_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Basis data">basis data</a> sebagai masukan. Penambangan teks dapat dianggap sebagai proses dua tahap yang diawali dengan penerapan struktur terhadap sumber data teks dan dilanjutkan dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekstraksi_informasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekstraksi informasi (halaman belum tersedia)">ekstraksi informasi</a> dan pengetahuan yang relevan dari data teks terstruktur ini dengan menggunakan teknik dan alat yang sama dengan penambangan data. Proses yang umum dilakukan oleh penambangan teks di antaranya adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perangkuman_otomatis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perangkuman otomatis (halaman belum tersedia)">perangkuman otomatis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorisasi_dokumen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorisasi dokumen (halaman belum tersedia)">kategorisasi dokumen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penggugusan_teks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penggugusan teks (halaman belum tersedia)">penggugusan teks</a>, deteksi plagiarisme, dll. (Turban, et.al., 2011) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penambangan_teks&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penambangan_teks&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Berry, M.W.; Kogan, J. (2010). <i>Text Mining: Application and Theory</i>. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Text+Mining%3A+Application+and+Theory&rft.place=Chichester&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Ltd&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Berry%2C+M.W.&rft.au=Kogan%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenambangan+teks" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Feldman, R.; Sanger, J. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/textmininghandbo0000feld"><i>The Text Mining Handbook: Advanced Approaches in Analyzing Unstructured Data</i></a>. New York: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Text+Mining+Handbook%3A+Advanced+Approaches+in+Analyzing+Unstructured+Data&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Feldman%2C+R.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftextmininghandbo0000feld&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenambangan+teks" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Turban, E.; et.al. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/decisionsupportb0000turb"><i>Decision Support and Business Intelligence Systems</i></a> (edisi ke-9). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Decision+Support+and+Business+Intelligence+Systems&rft.place=New+Jersey&rft.edition=9&rft.pub=Pearson+Education%2C+Inc&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Turban%2C+E.&rft.au=et.al.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdecisionsupportb0000turb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenambangan+teks" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/w/index.php?title=Trigram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trigram (halaman belum tersedia)">Trigram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistik_komputasi" title="Linguistik komputasi">Linguistik komputasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemahaman_bahasa_alami" title="Pemahaman bahasa alami">Pemahaman bahasa alami</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stop_word&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stop word (halaman belum tersedia)">Stop words</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Text_processing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Text processing (halaman belum tersedia)">Text processing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Analisis teks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collocation_extraction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collocation extraction (halaman belum tersedia)">Collocation extraction</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concept_mining&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concept mining (halaman belum tersedia)">Concept mining</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coreference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coreference (halaman belum tersedia)">Coreference resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deep_linguistic_processing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deep linguistic processing (halaman belum tersedia)">Deep linguistic processing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Distant_reading&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distant reading (halaman belum tersedia)">Distant reading</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Information_extraction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Information extraction (halaman belum tersedia)">Information extraction</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Named-entity_recognition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Named-entity recognition (halaman belum tersedia)">Named-entity recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ontology_learning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ontology learning (halaman belum tersedia)">Ontology learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsing" title="Parsing">Parsing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Part-of-speech_tagging&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Part-of-speech tagging (halaman belum tersedia)">Part-of-speech tagging</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_role_labeling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semantic role labeling (halaman belum tersedia)">Semantic role labeling</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_similarity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semantic similarity (halaman belum tersedia)">Semantic similarity</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sentiment_analysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sentiment analysis (halaman belum tersedia)">Sentiment analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terminology_extraction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terminology extraction (halaman belum tersedia)">Terminology extraction</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Text_mining&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Text mining (halaman belum tersedia)">Text mining</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Textual_entailment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Textual entailment (halaman belum tersedia)">Textual entailment</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Truecasing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Truecasing (halaman belum tersedia)">Truecasing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Word-sense_disambiguation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Word-sense disambiguation (halaman belum tersedia)">Word-sense disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Word-sense_induction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Word-sense induction (halaman belum tersedia)">Word-sense induction</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Segmentasi_teks" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Segmentasi_teks" title="Segmentasi teks">Segmentasi teks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compound-term_processing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compound-term processing (halaman belum tersedia)">Compound-term processing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemmatisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lemmatisation (halaman belum tersedia)">Lemmatisation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lexical_analysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lexical analysis (halaman belum tersedia)">Lexical analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shallow_parsing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shallow parsing (halaman belum tersedia)">Text chunking</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stemming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stemming (halaman belum tersedia)">Stemming</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sentence_boundary_disambiguation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sentence boundary disambiguation (halaman belum tersedia)">Sentence segmentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word#Word_boundaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Word">Word segmentation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peringkasan_otomatis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peringkasan otomatis (halaman belum tersedia)">Peringkasan otomatis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multi-document_summarization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multi-document summarization (halaman belum tersedia)">Multi-document summarization</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sentence_extraction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sentence extraction (halaman belum tersedia)">Sentence extraction</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Text_simplification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Text simplification (halaman belum tersedia)">Text simplification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mesin_penerjemah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesin penerjemah">Mesin penerjemah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer-assisted_translation" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer-assisted translation">Computer-assisted</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terjemahan_mesin_berbasis_contoh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terjemahan mesin berbasis contoh (halaman belum tersedia)">Berbasis contoh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terjemahan_mesin_berbasis_aturan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terjemahan mesin berbasis aturan (halaman belum tersedia)">Berbasis aturan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terjemahan_mesin_statistik" title="Terjemahan mesin statistik">Statistik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terjemahan_mesin_berbasis_transfer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terjemahan mesin berbasis transfer (halaman belum tersedia)">Berbasis transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terjemahan_mesin_saraf" title="Terjemahan mesin saraf">Neural</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Model <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantik_distribusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semantik distribusi (halaman belum tersedia)">Semantik distribusi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BERT_(language_model)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BERT (language model) (halaman belum tersedia)">BERT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Document-term_matrix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Document-term matrix (halaman belum tersedia)">Document-term matrix</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Explicit_semantic_analysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Explicit semantic analysis (halaman belum tersedia)">Explicit semantic analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FastText&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FastText (halaman belum tersedia)">fastText</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GloVe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GloVe (halaman belum tersedia)">GloVe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Language_model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Language model (halaman belum tersedia)">Language model</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latent_semantic_analysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latent semantic analysis (halaman belum tersedia)">Latent semantic analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seq2seq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seq2seq (halaman belum tersedia)">Seq2seq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Word_embedding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Word embedding (halaman belum tersedia)">Word embedding</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Word2vec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Word2vec (halaman belum tersedia)">Word2vec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumber_bahasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sumber bahasa (halaman belum tersedia)">Sumber bahasa</a>,<br />datasets and corpora</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jenis dan<br />standar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linguistik_korpus" title="Linguistik korpus">Linguistik korpus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumber_daya_leksikal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sumber daya leksikal (halaman belum tersedia)">Sumber daya leksikal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Data_Terbuka_Bertautan_Linguistik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Data Terbuka Bertautan Linguistik (halaman belum tersedia)">Data Terbuka Bertautan Linguistik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamus_yang_dapat_dibaca_mesin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamus yang dapat dibaca mesin (halaman belum tersedia)">Kamus yang dapat dibaca mesin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teks_paralel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teks paralel (halaman belum tersedia)">Teks paralel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PropBank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PropBank (halaman belum tersedia)">PropBank</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_semantik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaringan semantik (halaman belum tersedia)">Jaringan semantik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_Organisasi_Pengetahuan_Sederhana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem Organisasi Pengetahuan Sederhana (halaman belum tersedia)">Sistem Organisasi Pengetahuan Sederhana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korpus_ucapan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korpus ucapan (halaman belum tersedia)">Korpus ucapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korpus_teks" title="Korpus teks">Korpus teks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thesaurus_(information_retrieval)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thesaurus (information retrieval) (halaman belum tersedia)">Thesaurus (information retrieval)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treebank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treebank (halaman belum tersedia)">Treebank</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketergantungan_Universal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketergantungan Universal (halaman belum tersedia)">Ketergantungan Universal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Data</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BabelNet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BabelNet (halaman belum tersedia)">BabelNet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bank_of_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bank of English (halaman belum tersedia)">Bank of English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DBpedia" title="DBpedia">DBpedia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FrameNet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FrameNet (halaman belum tersedia)">FrameNet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Google_Ngram_Viewer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Google Ngram Viewer (halaman belum tersedia)">Google Ngram Viewer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UBY&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UBY (halaman belum tersedia)">UBY</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WordNet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WordNet (halaman belum tersedia)">WordNet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Identifikasi_otomatis_dan_pengambilan_data&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Identifikasi otomatis dan pengambilan data (halaman belum tersedia)">Identifikasi otomatis<br />dan pengambilan data</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pengenalan_suara" class="mw-disambig" title="Pengenalan suara">Pengenalan suara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Segmentasi_ucapan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Segmentasi ucapan (halaman belum tersedia)">Segmentasi ucapan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sintesis_ucapan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sintesis ucapan (halaman belum tersedia)">Sintesis ucapan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Generasi_bahasa_alami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Generasi bahasa alami (halaman belum tersedia)">Generasi bahasa alami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_character_recognition" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical character recognition">Optical character recognition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_topik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Model topik (halaman belum tersedia)">Model topik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Document_classification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Document classification (halaman belum tersedia)">Document classification</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latent_Dirichlet_allocation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latent Dirichlet allocation (halaman belum tersedia)">Latent Dirichlet allocation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachinko_allocation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachinko allocation (halaman belum tersedia)">Pachinko allocation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peninjauan_dengan_bantuan_komputer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peninjauan dengan bantuan komputer (halaman belum tersedia)">Peninjauan<br />dengan bantuan komputer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automated_essay_scoring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Automated essay scoring (halaman belum tersedia)">Automated essay scoring</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concordancer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concordancer (halaman belum tersedia)">Concordancer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammar_checker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grammar checker (halaman belum tersedia)">Grammar checker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predictive_text&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predictive text (halaman belum tersedia)">Predictive text</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penilaian_pengucapan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penilaian pengucapan (halaman belum 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