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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Early proceedings (2023-2024)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_proceedings_(2023-2024)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Early proceedings (2023-2024) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Early_proceedings_(2023-2024)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-State_partnerships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_partnerships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>State partnerships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_partnerships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> 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<span>Analysis of jury trial request</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analysis_of_jury_trial_request-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_lawsuits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_lawsuits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Related lawsuits</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_lawsuits-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related lawsuits subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_lawsuits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-State_of_Texas_v._Google,_LLC_(2020)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_of_Texas_v._Google,_LLC_(2020)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span><i>State of Texas v. Google, LLC</i> (2020)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_of_Texas_v._Google,_LLC_(2020)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>United States v. 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</div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the antitrust suit targeting Google's digital advertising practices. For the suit targeting Google's search engine practices, see <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)" title="United States v. Google LLC (2020)">United States v. Google LLC (2020)</a>. For other lawsuits, see <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="United States v. Google (disambiguation)">United States v. Google</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251680060">.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-image img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-above{font-style:italic;font-size:125%}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .ib-court-case-red-header{background-color:red;color:white;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .ib-court-case-green-header{background-color:green;color:white;font-weight:bold}</style><table class="infobox scotus ib-court-case"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">United States v. Google LLC</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EDVAdc.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/EDVAdc.png/150px-EDVAdc.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/EDVAdc.png/225px-EDVAdc.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/EDVAdc.png/300px-EDVAdc.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Court</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia">United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Full case name</th><td class="infobox-data"><i> United States, Commonwealth of Virginia, State of California, State of Colorado, State of Connecticut, State of New Jersey, State of New York, State of Rhode Island and State of Tennessee v. Google LLC </i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Started</th><td class="infobox-data">January 24, 2023</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Docket nos.</th><td class="infobox-data">1:23-cv-00108</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defendant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google LLC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Counsel for plaintiff</th><td class="infobox-data">Julia Tarvard Wood<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Plaintiff</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Court membership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Judge sitting</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leonie_M._Brinkema" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonie M. Brinkema">Leonie M. Brinkema</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p><i><b>United States v. Google LLC</b></i> is an ongoing federal <a href="/wiki/United_States_antitrust_law" title="United States antitrust law">antitrust</a> case brought by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> (DOJ) against <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google LLC</a> on January 24, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suit accuses Google of illegally monopolizing the <a href="/wiki/Ad_tech" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad tech">advertising technology</a> (adtech) market in violation of sections 1 and 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Antitrust_Act_of_1890" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890">Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890</a>. The suit is separate from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)" title="United States v. Google LLC (2020)">first antitrust case</a> launched in 2020 that accuses Google of an illegal monopoly in the search engine market. </p><p>Filed in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia">U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia</a>, the suit aims to force Google to sell off significant portions of adtech business and require the company to cease certain business practices.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trial began on September 9, 2024 and concluded on September 27.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Closing arguments are expected to be delivered on November 25, 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-GoogleDefense_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GoogleDefense-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GAds_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/GAds_Logo.png/220px-GAds_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/GAds_Logo.png/330px-GAds_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/GAds_Logo.png/440px-GAds_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="171" /></a><figcaption>From left to right: logos for the <a href="/wiki/Google_Ad_Manager" title="Google Ad Manager">Google Ad Manager</a> advertising exchange platform, <a href="/wiki/Google_Ads" title="Google Ads">Google Ads</a> online advertising platform, and the <a href="/wiki/Google_Marketing_Platform" title="Google Marketing Platform">Google Marketing Platform</a> analytics platform</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth_of_Google's_adtech_business"><span id="Growth_of_Google.27s_adtech_business"></span>Growth of Google's adtech business</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Growth of Google's adtech business"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning in the 2000s, Google gradually increased its presence in the adtech market, with the company acquiring <a href="/wiki/DoubleClick" title="DoubleClick">DoubleClick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Invite_Media" title="Invite Media">Invite Media</a>, and AdMeld.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The acquisition of DoubleClick received criticism from privacy groups including the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Privacy_Information_Center" title="Electronic Privacy Information Center">Electronic Privacy Information Center</a> (EPIC), who petitioned the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> (FTC) to scrutinize the deal.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The FTC ultimately approved the $3.1 billion acquisition of DoubleClick in December 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2021, Google's adtech division was the company's second largest business behind <a href="/wiki/Google_Search" title="Google Search">Google Search</a>, generating approximately $31.7 billion in revenue for the company.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2023, Google's advertising business generated an estimated 80% of the company's revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Kanter" title="Jonathan Kanter">Jonathan Kanter</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Assistant_Attorney_General" title="United States Assistant Attorney General">Assistant Attorney General</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Antitrust_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitrust Division">Antitrust Division</a>, likened Google's dominance in the adtech market to a situation in which <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Citibank" title="Citibank">Citibank</a> owned the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2024, following a ruling by Judge Amit P. Mehta that Google monopolized the online search market, the Justice Department began considering remedies, including a potential breakup of Google’s business units like <a href="/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Chrome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, and other measures to curb Google’s dominance in AI products and online advertising. The DOJ is also contemplating enforcing measures that would prevent Google from maintaining exclusive contracts and might require the company to divest certain assets or share its data with competitors, particularly in the online search and advertising sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_scrutiny">Legislative scrutiny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legislative scrutiny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th United States Congress</a>, a bipartisan coalition of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senators</a> introduced legislation aimed at breaking up Google and other "<a href="/wiki/Big_Tech" title="Big Tech">Big Tech</a>" companies alleged dominance in the market.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legislation, known as the <a href="/wiki/Advertising_Middlemen_Endangering_Rigorous_Internet_Competition_Accountability_(AMERICA)_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Advertising Middlemen Endangering Rigorous Internet Competition Accountability (AMERICA) Act">Advertising Middlemen Endangering Rigorous Internet Competition Accountability (AMERICA) Act</a>, was reintroduced in the <a href="/wiki/118th_United_States_Congress" title="118th United States Congress">118th Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ruling against Google is seen as a significant win for antitrust enforcement in the U.S., setting a precedent for how the government might tackle monopolistic practices in the tech industry. Analysts suggest that the potential remedies could have a profound impact on the digital advertising landscape and the broader tech ecosystem.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_proceedings_(2023-2024)"><span id="Early_proceedings_.282023-2024.29"></span>Early proceedings (2023-2024)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early proceedings (2023-2024)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Following the filing of the lawsuit, the DOJ claimed it has documentation that would bolster its case. This includes an alleged statement by a Google advertising executive who took issue with the company "owning the platform, the exchange and a huge network", who compared it to if <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Citibank" title="Citibank">Citibank</a> owned the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> (NYSE).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In what has been described as an unconventional move for a federal antitrust lawsuit, the DOJ has pushed for a <a href="/wiki/Jury_trial" title="Jury trial">jury trial</a> for the case.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:State_positions_in_U.S._v._Google_(2023).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/State_positions_in_U.S._v._Google_%282023%29.svg/220px-State_positions_in_U.S._v._Google_%282023%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/State_positions_in_U.S._v._Google_%282023%29.svg/330px-State_positions_in_U.S._v._Google_%282023%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/State_positions_in_U.S._v._Google_%282023%29.svg/440px-State_positions_in_U.S._v._Google_%282023%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>Positions of U.S. states on the lawsuit as of April 18, 2023<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0000FF; color:white;"> </span> States that filed alongside the DOJ against Google on January 14, 2023</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF0000; color:black;"> </span> States that joined the lawsuit after January 14, 2023</div></figcaption></figure> <p>In March 2023, judge <a href="/wiki/Leonie_Brinkema" title="Leonie Brinkema">Leonie Brinkema</a> denied Google's request to move the lawsuit from the District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia to a venue in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, which is considered a more favorable venue for Google.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2023, Google filed a motion to dismiss the case.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brinkema denied this request in April 2023, who stated that the DOJ's initial complaint sufficiently detailed for the case to proceed.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2023, Google's pushed for the recusal of Assistant Attorney General Kanter from the case, arguing Kanter's past representation of Google's rivals in private practice meant he was unfairly biased against the company.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brinkema denied Google's effort to force Kanter's recusal in September 2023, describing the company's bias claims as "essentially a red herring defense".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2024, it was announced that the case would begin trial on September 9, 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a dispute between the DOJ and Google in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)" title="United States v. Google LLC (2020)">2023 search trial</a> regarding the release of public exhibits pertaining to the case, Brinkema urged both parties to resolve any similar dispute ahead of the 2024 trial.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 26, 2024, Google filed a motion seeking summary judgement in the case. In the motion, Google accused the DOJ's of improperly calculating Google's share of the digital advertising market.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 16, 2024, Google asked the court to strike the jury trial demand made by the DOJ, as they had compensated all U.S plaintiffs for the appropriate damages.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After hearing from both sides, the court ruled in favor of Google, ordering for the trial to take place before a magistrate judge instead of a jury.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_partnerships">State partnerships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: State partnerships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The lawsuit was filed in conjunction with the attorneys general of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> on January 24, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Attorney_General" title="Tennessee Attorney General">Tennessee Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Skrmetti" title="Jonathan Skrmetti">Jonathan Skrmetti</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>, stated that Tennessee is proud to be part of this bipartisan effort to hold Google accountable and protect consumers from its harmful ad tech monopoly."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 3, 2023, <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Washington" title="Attorney General of Washington">Washington Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Ferguson_(politician)" title="Bob Ferguson (politician)">Bob Ferguson</a> announced that the <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">state</a> would join the lawsuit.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 18, 2023, nine additional states joined the lawsuit, bringing the total to eighteen: <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>, and <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trial">Trial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The trial began before Judge Brinkema on September 9, 2024, and was expected to last for several weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When it began, the trial moved at a surprising pace and concluded in 3 weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-GoogleExecs_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GoogleExecs-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opening_arguments">Opening arguments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Opening arguments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In opening arguments, lead DOJ attorney Julia Tarver Wood said that Google had used its acquisitions of ad software companies like <a href="/wiki/DoubleClick" title="DoubleClick">DoubleClick</a> and AdMeld to shore up an 87% market share in the ad-selling industry, stifling competition and hurting both consumers and publishers in the process.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wood further claimed that Google locks customers into using their products and controls how transactions are made within the ad-tech market.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Google's lead attorney <a href="/wiki/Karen_Dunn" title="Karen Dunn">Karen Dunn</a> countered by saying that people use Google's products simply due to the fact that they are "simple, affordable, and effective,"<sup id="cite_ref-Wolfe_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolfe-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that case was an assault on essential tools that publishers and advertisers relied on.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Week_1">Week 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Week 1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first week of the trial largely focused on how Google's ad-tech products worked together to conduct behind-the-scenes "millisecond ad auctions."<sup id="cite_ref-RaviTestimony_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RaviTestimony-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After opening arguments, prosecutors called <a href="/wiki/Gannett" title="Gannett">Gannett</a> executive Tim Wolfe to the stand as their first witness.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wolfe testified that companies like Gannett feel as if they have "no choice" but to use Google's products, despite them knowing that they are on the losing end of the deal.<sup id="cite_ref-Wolfe_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolfe-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prosecutors then called former <a href="/wiki/News_Corp" title="News Corp">News Corp</a> executive Stephanie Layser to the stand, who said that the company in 2017 estimated that they would have lost around $9 million by moving away from Google's ad-tech products, raising an appearance of captivity on Google's end.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 11, court documents were presented that showed former Google executive David Rosenblatt telling his colleagues in 2009 that the goal for Google's online advertising business was to "crush" the competition.<sup id="cite_ref-CCDocument_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCDocument-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These documents were then corroborated by former DoubleClick executive Brad Bender,<sup id="cite_ref-CCDocument_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCDocument-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with witnesses also adding that Google's 20% ad revenue fee was the "highest in the industry."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Internal documents further showed that Google knew that publishers would "balk" when it implemented measures in 2019 to prevent the diverting of profits to rival competitors,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the DOJ attempting to illustrate that Google had ignored the preferences of its customers to strengthen their own business position.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These measures, witnesses testified, involved unified pricing rules and header bidding, a term for the process in which publishers skirted around Google's ad exchange auctions.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trial testimony and documents showed that for years, Google had given its ad exchange, AdX, preferential treatment when it came to matching a publisher's proposed floor price.<sup id="cite_ref-RaviTestimony_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RaviTestimony-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Professor Ramamoorthi Ravi of <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> testified that rules imposed by Google "seem to have been designed to advantage Google's own products."<sup id="cite_ref-RaviTestimony_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RaviTestimony-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prosecutors also called Brian Boland, a former Facebook ad chief, who testified that Facebook initially had planned to challenge Google in the industry, but pulled out and instead made a deal with them in 2018 due to their conclusion that they wouldn't be able to compete.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Week_2">Week 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Week 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On September 10, prosecutors called YouTube CEO <a href="/wiki/Neal_Mohan" title="Neal Mohan">Neal Mohan</a> to the stand. In his testimony, Mohan refuted allegations of monopolist behavior by Google, saying that the company had "plenty of competition."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Mohan testified, prosecutors presented documents that illustrated how Google acquired rival companies, "parked" them away, and monopolized the market to push out competition.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prosecutors also similarly called former Google executives Jonathan Bellack and Nirmal Jayaram to the stand, who both sought to disavow and contradict emails they wrote in the past.<sup id="cite_ref-GoogleExecs_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GoogleExecs-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bellack, when confronted with an email he wrote comparing Google's ad-tech business to "if <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman</a> or <a href="/wiki/Citibank" title="Citibank">Citibank</a> owned the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">NYSE</a> (New York Stock Exchange)," dismissed his email as "late-night ramblings."<sup id="cite_ref-GoogleExecs_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GoogleExecs-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jed Dederick, Chief Revenue Officer of <a href="/wiki/The_Trade_Desk" title="The Trade Desk">The Trade Desk</a>, described Google's actions as "draconian" and "absolutist."<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prosecutors also sought to show that Google deliberately destroyed damning evidence, a problem that was levied at Google's first antitrust trial.<sup id="cite_ref-LaSalaTestimony_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaSalaTestimony-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former Google executive Chris LaSala testified on September 20 that Google's chat messages had history off "by default" and that business executives often referred to conversations as "privileged and confidential."<sup id="cite_ref-LaSalaTestimony_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaSalaTestimony-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prosecution rested its case shortly thereafter, after which Google began to mount its defense.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scott Sheffer, Google's first witness, said that the ad tech industry "has been exceptionally fluid" and that it was vastly more complex and competitive than what the DOJ had portrayed it to be.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Week_3">Week 3</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Week 3"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Google continued its defense on September 23 by calling witnesses to help explain the value of the products that they offer.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Google executives testified that the company had helped consumers and competitors alike by attempting to fight off ad fraud and spam through the spending of millions of dollars. They further explained that if their unit were to be broken up, Google's ability to fight such issues would be compromised.<sup id="cite_ref-GoogleDefense_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GoogleDefense-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bjorke_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bjorke-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Per Bjorke, the director of product management at Google, testified that the company "can much more easily fight spam" with a large-scale ad platform.<sup id="cite_ref-Bjorke_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bjorke-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Google also refuted allegations that they had "locked" advertisers and publishers into an "unfair system," countering by saying that competitors take higher rates from publishers than Google does and that they were helping to foster competition.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adam Stewart, a Google vice president, explained that Google was actually "losing (market) share" to companies like Facebook and the Trade Desk.<sup id="cite_ref-GoogleDefense_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GoogleDefense-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mark Israel, a Google expert, said that the government was "vastly underestimating" the competition that the company is facing.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Google rested on September 27, after which the prosecution delivered a brief rebuttal.<sup id="cite_ref-GoogleDefense_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GoogleDefense-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Closing_arguments">Closing arguments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Closing arguments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Closing arguments are expected to be delivered on November 25. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reaction_and_analysis">Reaction and analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Reaction and analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lawmakers from both parties, including Senators <a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar" title="Amy Klobuchar">Amy Klobuchar</a> (D-MN) and <a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Josh Hawley</a> (R-MO), spoke positively about the lawsuit.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polling by <a href="/wiki/YouGov" title="YouGov">YouGov</a> in conjunction with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i> found that Americans approved of the lawsuit by a 41% to 19% margin, with 40% stating they were "not sure".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Google denied the DOJ's allegations, with a company spokesperson accusing the department of trying to unfairly "pick winners and losers in the highly competitive advertising technology sector."<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Progress" title="Chamber of Progress">Chamber of Progress</a>, a tech industry <a href="/wiki/Trade_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade group">trade group</a> whose membership includes Google, argued that the lawsuit is misguided amid a declining advertising market.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_commentary">Legal commentary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Legal commentary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Commentators have argued that the basis of the DOJ's case is rooted in a relatively "traditional" interpretation of antitrust law, as opposed to more "novel" theories of <a href="/wiki/Anti-competitive_behavior" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-competitive behavior">anti-competitive harms</a> associated with the <a href="/wiki/New_Brandeis_movement" title="New Brandeis movement">New Brandeis movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The editorial board of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> praised the lawsuit as "good, old-fashioned antitrust enforcement" in a February 2023 article.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Kovacic" title="William Kovacic">William Kovacic</a>, a former Republican member of the FTC, has argued that the suit is a serious one that "adds another important complication to Google's efforts to deal with regulators worldwide."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Melamed" title="Douglas Melamed">Douglas Melamed</a>, who served in the DOJ <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice_Antitrust_Division" title="United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division">Antitrust Division</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton Administration</a>, argued that the DOJ "would get a remedy that's going to shake up the market" if able to prove their claim in court. However, Melamed cautioned observers from assuming that the DOJ would win the case.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Analysis_of_jury_trial_request">Analysis of jury trial request</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Analysis of jury trial request"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Commentary surrounding the DOJ's request for a jury trial in the lawsuit has often described the decision as unusually and potentially risky. A January 2023 article in <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a></i> suggested that the "surprising request" was made due to DOJ concerns about a hostile judicial environment.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Harry First of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_School_of_Law" title="New York University School of Law">New York University School of Law</a>, the DOJ's effort to "seek damages and demand a jury trial in a monopolization case is unprecedented".<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_lawsuits">Related lawsuits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Related lawsuits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, the lawsuit is the fifth antitrust suit filed against Google by either the federal government or states attorney general since 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DOJ filed a <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)" title="United States v. Google LLC (2020)">separate antitrust case</a> in October 2020 accusing Google of unlawfully monopolizing the search market.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Google's dominant position in the adtech market has additionally received legal scrutiny in both the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_of_Texas_v._Google,_LLC_(2020)"><span id="State_of_Texas_v._Google.2C_LLC_.282020.29"></span><i>State of Texas v. Google, LLC</i> (2020)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: State of Texas v. Google, LLC (2020)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The case has been compared to a separate, state-led antitrust lawsuit targeting Google's adtech practices filed in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aforementioned lawsuit, led by the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Attorney_General" title="Texas Attorney General">Texas Attorney General</a>'s office, accuses Google of unlawfully abusing its dominance in digital advertising.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2024, the DOJ requested to file a statement of interest in the case during the discovery process.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>State of Texas v. Google, LLC</i> is expected to go to trial in <a href="/wiki/Plano,_Texas" title="Plano, Texas">Plano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> on March 31, 2025 before judge <a href="/wiki/Sean_D._Jordan" title="Sean D. Jordan">Sean D. Jordan</a>, and will be held over a four week period.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2020)" title="United States v. Google LLC (2020)"><i>United States v. Google LLC</i> (2020)</a>, a separate and ongoing antitrust lawsuit launched by the DOJ in 2020 that centers on the company's practices in the <a href="/wiki/Search_engine" title="Search engine">search engine market</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission_v._Meta_Platforms,_Inc." title="Federal Trade Commission v. Meta Platforms, Inc.">Federal Trade Commission v. Meta Platforms, Inc.</a></i>, an ongoing federal antitrust lawsuit filed against <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> parent company <a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta Platforms</a> (formerly Facebook, Inc.) in 2020</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTC_v._Amazon" title="FTC v. Amazon"><i>Federal Trade Commission v. Amazon</i></a>, an ongoing federal antitrust lawsuit filed against <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> in 2023</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Apple_(2024)" title="United States v. Apple (2024)"><i>United States v. Apple</i> (2024)</a>, an ongoing federal antitrust lawsuit filed against <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> in 2024</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antitrust_cases_against_Google" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitrust cases against Google">Antitrust cases against Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antitrust_cases_against_Google_by_the_European_Union" title="Antitrust cases against Google by the European Union">Antitrust cases against Google by the European Union</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Google_LLC_(2023)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFScarcella2023" class="citation web cs1">Scarcella, Mike (January 25, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/legal/transactional/justice-dept-team-suing-google-includes-longtime-paul-weiss-partner-2023-01-25/">"Justice Dept. team suing Google includes longtime Paul Weiss partner"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Google Inc.</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgement_of_the_German_Federal_Court_of_Justice_on_Google%27s_autocomplete_function" title="Judgement of the German Federal Court of Justice on Google's autocomplete function">Judgement of the German Federal Court of Justice on Google's autocomplete function</a> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joffe_v._Google,_Inc." title="Joffe v. Google, Inc.">Joffe v. Google, Inc.</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mosley_v_SARL_Google" title="Mosley v SARL Google">Mosley v SARL Google</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Google_Spain_v_AEPD_and_Mario_Costeja_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Google Spain v AEPD and Mario Costeja González">Google Spain v AEPD and Mario Costeja González</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frank_v._Gaos" title="Frank v. Gaos">Frank v. 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