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<span>Taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Taxonomy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extant_and_fossil_relatives_of_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extant_and_fossil_relatives_of_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Extant and fossil relatives of humans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extant_and_fossil_relatives_of_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Behavior</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legal status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phylogeny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phylogeny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Phylogeny</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phylogeny-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phylogeny subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phylogeny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Extant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Extant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fossil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fossil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Fossil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fossil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hominidae</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 98 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">98 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menschenaffen" title="Menschenaffen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Menschenaffen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="मानवनुमा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मानवनुमा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بشرانيات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بشرانيات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidl%C9%99r" title="Hominidlər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hominidlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2ng-kho" title="Lâng-kho – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lâng-kho" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Гамініды – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гамініды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Гамініды – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гамініды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Човекоподобни – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Човекоподобни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidi" title="Hominidi – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hominidi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hom%C3%ADnids" title="Homínids – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Homínids" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Гоминидсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гоминидсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominid%C3%A9" title="Hominidé – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hominidé" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Store_menneskeaber" title="Store menneskeaber – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Store menneskeaber" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menschenaffen" title="Menschenaffen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Menschenaffen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inimlased" title="Inimlased – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Inimlased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Ανθρωπίδες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανθρωπίδες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homedoj" title="Homedoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Homedoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انسانیان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انسانیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homainid" title="Homainid – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Homainid" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hom%C3%ADnidos" title="Homínidos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Homínidos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%9E%8C%EA%B3%BC" title="사람과 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사람과" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="मानवनुमा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मानवनुमा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_%C4%8Dovjekoliki_majmuni" title="Veliki čovjekoliki majmuni – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Veliki čovjekoliki majmuni" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominide" title="Hominide – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Hominide" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mann%C3%A6tt" title="Mannætt – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mannætt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="הומינידיים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הומינידיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ადამიანის მსგავსი მაიმუნები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ადამიანის მსგავსი მაიმუნები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Гоминидтер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гоминидтер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokwe_(Hominidae)" title="Sokwe (Hominidae) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sokwe (Hominidae)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayol_(Hominidae)" title="Ayol (Hominidae) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Ayol (Hominidae)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ominide" title="Ominide – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ominide" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Гоминилер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гоминилер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilv%C4%93kp%C4%93rti%C4%B7i_un_cilv%C4%93ks" title="Cilvēkpērtiķi un cilvēks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cilvēkpērtiķi un cilvēks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ABnschenafen" title="Mënschenafen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mënschenafen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidai" title="Hominidai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hominidai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsape" title="Minsape – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Minsape" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominido" title="Hominido – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Hominido" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emberf%C3%A9l%C3%A9k" title="Emberfélék – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Emberfélék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Големи човеколики мајмуни – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Големи човеколики мајмуни" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ადამიერიშ მოგვენი ქიეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ადამიერიშ მოგვენი ქიეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="قرده عليا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قرده عليا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE" title="ဟော်မင်နဒီ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟော်မင်နဒီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3" title="मानवानुगण – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मानवानुगण" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%88%E7%A7%91" title="ヒト科 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒト科" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minskenaaben" title="Minskenaaben – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Minskenaaben" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haskaa_birmadii" title="Haskaa birmadii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Haskaa birmadii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gominidlar" title="Gominidlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gominidlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="بن مانس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بن مانس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%DA%89_(%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="هومينايډ (انسانيان) – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هومينايډ (انسانيان)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om%C3%ACnid" title="Omìnid – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Omìnid" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minschenapen" title="Minschenapen – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Minschenapen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cz%C5%82owiekowate" title="Człowiekowate – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Człowiekowate" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatun_k%27usillu" title="Hatun k'usillu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hatun k'usillu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Гоминиды – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гоминиды" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majmunet_njerez" title="Majmunet njerez – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Majmunet njerez" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%9A" title="හොමිනිඩේ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හොමිනිඩේ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidi_v_%C5%A1ir%C5%A1om_zmysle" title="Hominidi v širšom zmysle – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hominidi v širšom zmysle" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95_%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مەیموونە گەورەکان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەیموونە گەورەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Велики човеколики мајмуни – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Велики човеколики мајмуни" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_%C4%8Dovjekoliki_majmuni" title="Veliki čovjekoliki majmuni – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Veliki čovjekoliki majmuni" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isot_ihmisapinat" title="Isot ihmisapinat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Isot ihmisapinat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominider" title="Hominider – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hominider" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hominidae" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%87" title="హోమినిడే – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హోమినిడే" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%88" title="วงศ์ลิงใหญ่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วงศ์ลิงใหญ่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_insans%C4%B1_maymunlar" title="Büyük insansı maymunlar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Büyük insansı maymunlar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Гомініди – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гомініди" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D_Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di" title="Họ Người – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Họ Người" 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hominid&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominid">Hominid</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Family of primates</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For an explanation of very similar terms, see <a href="/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae">Homininae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Ape" title="Ape">Hominoidea</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Great apes" and "Hominid" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Great_apes_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Great apes (disambiguation)">Great apes (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hominid_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hominid (disambiguation)">Hominid (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Ape-men" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Apeman_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Apeman (disambiguation)">Apeman (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Hominidae<sup id="cite_ref-MSW3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSW3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a>–<a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">present</a>, <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">17–0 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:214.24615384615px; width:5.7538461538462px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:214.24615384615px; width:5.7538461538462px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:215.24615384615px; width:3.7538461538462px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hominidae_(extant_species).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Hominidae_%28extant_species%29.jpg/220px-Hominidae_%28extant_species%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="457" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Hominidae_%28extant_species%29.jpg/330px-Hominidae_%28extant_species%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Hominidae_%28extant_species%29.jpg/440px-Hominidae_%28extant_species%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="1033" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">The eight extant hominid species, one row per genus (<a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">humans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pan_(genus)" title="Pan (genus)">chimpanzees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">gorillas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">orangutans</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Hominidae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">Primates</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suborder: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haplorhini" title="Haplorhini">Haplorhini</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Infraorder: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Simian" title="Simian">Simiiformes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parvorder: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catarrhini" title="Catarrhini">Catarrhini</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Superfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ape" title="Ape">Hominoidea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hominidae</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Gray" title="John Edward Gray">Gray</a>, 1825<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Type_genus" title="Type genus">Type genus</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><i><a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">Homo</a></i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Linnaeus, 1758</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subfamilies </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ponginae" title="Ponginae">Ponginae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae">Homininae</a></li></ul> <p><b>sister:</b> <a href="/wiki/Gibbon" title="Gibbon">Hylobatidae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Distribution_of_the_Great_Apes.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Distribution_of_the_Great_Apes.png/220px-Distribution_of_the_Great_Apes.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Distribution_of_the_Great_Apes.png/330px-Distribution_of_the_Great_Apes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Distribution_of_the_Great_Apes.png/440px-Distribution_of_the_Great_Apes.png 2x" data-file-width="3529" data-file-height="2091" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Distribution of great ape species </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>Pongidae <small>Elliot, 1913</small></li> <li>Gorillidae <small>Frechkop, 1943</small></li> <li>Panidae <small>Ciochon, 1983</small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>Hominidae</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span></span>/</a></span></span>), whose members are known as the <b>great apes</b><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>hominids</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>), are a taxonomic <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> of <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">primates</a> that includes eight <a href="/wiki/Neontology#Extant_taxa_versus_extinct_taxa" title="Neontology">extant</a> species in four <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genera</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">Pongo</a></i> (the <a href="/wiki/Bornean_orangutan" title="Bornean orangutan">Bornean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumatran_orangutan" title="Sumatran orangutan">Sumatran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tapanuli_orangutan" title="Tapanuli orangutan">Tapanuli orangutan</a>); <i><a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">Gorilla</a></i> (the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_gorilla" title="Eastern gorilla">eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_gorilla" title="Western gorilla">western gorilla</a>); <i><a href="/wiki/Pan_(genus)" title="Pan (genus)">Pan</a></i> (the <a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">chimpanzee</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bonobo" title="Bonobo">bonobo</a>); and <i><a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">Homo</a></i>, of which only <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">modern humans (<i>Homo sapiens</i>)</a> remain.<sup id="cite_ref-MSW3_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSW3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Numerous revisions in classifying the great apes have caused the use of the term <i>hominid</i> to change over time. The original meaning of "hominid" referred only to humans (<i>Homo</i>) and their closest extinct relatives. However, by the 1990s humans and other apes were considered to be "hominids". </p><p>The earlier restrictive meaning has now been largely assumed by the term <i><a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">hominin</a></i>, which comprises all members of the human clade after the split from the chimpanzees (<i>Pan</i>). The current meaning of "hominid" includes all the great apes including humans. Usage still varies, however, and some scientists and laypersons still use "hominid" in the original restrictive sense; the scholarly literature generally shows the traditional usage until the turn of the 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within the taxon Hominidae, a number of extant and extinct genera are grouped with the humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas in the subfamily <a href="/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae">Homininae</a>; others with orangutans in the subfamily <a href="/wiki/Ponginae" title="Ponginae">Ponginae</a> (see <a href="#Homgraph">classification graphic</a> below). The <a href="/wiki/Most_recent_common_ancestor" title="Most recent common ancestor">most recent common ancestor</a> of all Hominidae lived roughly 14 million years ago,<sup id="cite_ref-Hill&Ward1988_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill&Ward1988-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the ancestors of the orangutans speciated from the ancestral line of the other three genera.<sup id="cite_ref-dawkins-tale_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dawkins-tale-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those ancestors of the family Hominidae had already speciated from the family <a href="/wiki/Hylobatidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hylobatidae">Hylobatidae</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Gibbon" title="Gibbon">gibbons</a>), perhaps 15 to 20 million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-dawkins-tale_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dawkins-tale-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the close genetic relationship between humans and the other great apes, certain <a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">animal rights</a> organizations, such as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Ape_Project" title="Great Ape Project">Great Ape Project</a>, argue that nonhuman <a href="/wiki/Great_ape_personhood" title="Great ape personhood">great apes are persons</a> and should be given basic <a href="/wiki/Great_Ape_Project#World_Declaration_on_Great_Apes" title="Great Ape Project">human rights</a>. Twenty-nine countries have instituted <a href="/wiki/Countries_banning_non-human_ape_experimentation" title="Countries banning non-human ape experimentation">research bans</a> to protect great apes from any kind of scientific testing.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Human_evolution" title="Human evolution">Human evolution</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Man_of_the_woods.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Man_of_the_woods.JPG/220px-Man_of_the_woods.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Man_of_the_woods.JPG/330px-Man_of_the_woods.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Man_of_the_woods.JPG/440px-Man_of_the_woods.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="1284" /></a><figcaption>Sumatran orangutan (<i>Pongo abelii</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a>, about 22 million years ago, there were many species of <a href="/wiki/Tree-dwelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree-dwelling">tree-adapted</a> primitive <a href="/wiki/Catarrhini" title="Catarrhini">catarrhines</a> from East Africa; the variety suggests a long history of prior diversification. Fossils from 20 million years ago include fragments attributed to <i><a href="/wiki/Victoriapithecus" title="Victoriapithecus">Victoriapithecus</a></i>, the earliest Old World monkey. Among the genera thought to be in the ape lineage leading up to 13 million years ago are <i><a href="/wiki/Proconsul_(mammal)" title="Proconsul (mammal)">Proconsul</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rangwapithecus" title="Rangwapithecus">Rangwapithecus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dendropithecus" title="Dendropithecus">Dendropithecus</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limnopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limnopithecus (page does not exist)">Limnopithecus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nacholapithecus" title="Nacholapithecus">Nacholapithecus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Equatorius" title="Equatorius">Equatorius</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nyanzapithecus" title="Nyanzapithecus">Nyanzapithecus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Afropithecus" title="Afropithecus">Afropithecus</a></i>, <i>Heliopithecus</i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Kenyapithecus" title="Kenyapithecus">Kenyapithecus</a></i>, all from East Africa. </p><p>At sites far distant from East Africa, the presence of other generalized non-<a href="/wiki/Old_World_monkey" title="Old World monkey">cercopithecids</a>, that is, non-monkey primates, of middle Miocene age—<i><a href="/wiki/Otavipithecus" title="Otavipithecus">Otavipithecus</a></i> from cave deposits in Namibia, and <i><a href="/wiki/Pierolapithecus" title="Pierolapithecus">Pierolapithecus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Dryopithecus" title="Dryopithecus">Dryopithecus</a></i> from France, Spain and Austria—is further evidence of a wide diversity of ancestral ape forms across Africa and the Mediterranean basin during the relatively warm and equable climatic regimes of the early and middle Miocene. The most recent of these far-flung Miocene apes (<a href="/wiki/Hominoids" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominoids">hominoids</a>) is <i><a href="/wiki/Oreopithecus" title="Oreopithecus">Oreopithecus</a></i>, from the fossil-rich coal beds in northern Italy and dated to 9 million years ago. </p><p>Molecular evidence indicates that the lineage of gibbons (family Hylobatidae), the "lesser apes", diverged from that of the great apes some 18–12 million years ago, and that of orangutans (subfamily Ponginae) diverged from the other great apes at about 12 million years. There are no fossils that clearly document the ancestry of gibbons, which may have originated in a still-unknown South East Asian hominoid population; but fossil proto-orangutans, dated to around 10 million years ago, may be represented by <i><a href="/wiki/Sivapithecus" title="Sivapithecus">Sivapithecus</a></i> from India and <i><a href="/wiki/Griphopithecus" title="Griphopithecus">Griphopithecus</a></i> from Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-Srivastava2009_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Srivastava2009-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Species close to the last common ancestor of gorillas, chimpanzees and humans may be represented by <i><a href="/wiki/Nakalipithecus" title="Nakalipithecus">Nakalipithecus</a></i> fossils found in Kenya and <i><a href="/wiki/Ouranopithecus" title="Ouranopithecus">Ouranopithecus</a></i> fossils found in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. Molecular evidence suggests that between 8 and 4 million years ago, first the gorillas (genus <i>Gorilla</i>), and then the chimpanzees (genus <i>Pan</i>) split off from the line leading to humans. Human <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> is approximately 98.4% identical to that of chimpanzees when comparing single nucleotide polymorphisms (see <a href="/wiki/Human_evolutionary_genetics" title="Human evolutionary genetics">human evolutionary genetics</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fossil record, however, of gorillas and chimpanzees is limited; both poor preservation—rain forest soils tend to be acidic and dissolve bone—and <a href="/wiki/Sampling_bias" title="Sampling bias">sampling bias</a> probably contribute most to this problem. </p><p>Other <a href="/wiki/Hominins" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominins">hominins</a> probably adapted to the drier environments outside the African equatorial belt; and there they encountered antelope, hyenas, elephants and other forms becoming adapted to surviving in the East African <a href="/wiki/Savannas" class="mw-redirect" title="Savannas">savannas</a>, particularly the regions of the <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Serengeti" title="Serengeti">Serengeti</a>. The wet equatorial belt contracted after about 8 million years ago, and there is very little fossil evidence for the divergence of the hominin lineage from that of gorillas and chimpanzees—which split was thought to have occurred around that time. The earliest fossils argued by some to belong to the human lineage are <i><a href="/wiki/Sahelanthropus_tchadensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahelanthropus tchadensis">Sahelanthropus tchadensis</a></i> (7 Ma) and <i><a href="/wiki/Orrorin_tugenensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Orrorin tugenensis">Orrorin tugenensis</a></i> (6 Ma), followed by <i><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus" title="Ardipithecus">Ardipithecus</a></i> (5.5–4.4 Ma), with species <i>Ar. kadabba</i> and <i>Ar. ramidus</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Human_taxonomy" title="Human taxonomy">Human taxonomy</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terminology">Terminology</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Akha_cropped_hires.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Akha_cropped_hires.JPG/170px-Akha_cropped_hires.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Akha_cropped_hires.JPG/255px-Akha_cropped_hires.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Akha_cropped_hires.JPG 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="554" /></a><figcaption>Humans are one of the four <a href="/wiki/Extant_taxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Extant taxon">extant</a> hominid genera.</figcaption></figure> <p>The classification of the great apes has been <a href="/wiki/History_of_hominoid_taxonomy" class="mw-redirect" title="History of hominoid taxonomy">revised several times</a> in the last few decades; these revisions have led to a varied use of the word "hominid" over time. The original meaning of the term referred to only humans and their closest relatives—what is now the modern meaning of the term "<a href="/wiki/Hominin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominin">hominin</a>". The meaning of the <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxon</a> Hominidae changed gradually, leading to a modern usage of "hominid" that includes all the great apes including humans. </p><p>A number of very similar words apply to related classifications: </p> <ul><li>A <i><a href="/wiki/Hominoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominoid">hominoid</a></i>, sometimes called an <a href="/wiki/Ape" title="Ape">ape</a>, is a member of the superfamily <a href="/wiki/Hominoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominoidea">Hominoidea</a>: extant members are the gibbons (<a href="/wiki/Lesser_ape" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesser ape">lesser apes</a>, family Hylobatidae) and the hominids.</li> <li>A <i>hominid</i> is a member of the family Hominidae, the great apes: orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees and humans.</li> <li>A <i>hominine</i> is a member of the subfamily <a href="/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae">Homininae</a>: gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans (excludes orangutans).</li> <li>A <i>hominin</i> is a member of the tribe <a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a>: chimpanzees and humans.<sup id="cite_ref-Wood2010_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wood2010-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A <i>homininan</i>, following a suggestion by Wood and Richmond (2000), would be a member of the subtribe <a href="/wiki/Hominina" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominina">Hominina</a> of the tribe <a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a>: that is, modern humans and their closest relatives, including <a href="/wiki/Australopithecina" class="mw-redirect" title="Australopithecina">Australopithecina</a>, but excluding chimpanzees.<sup id="cite_ref-WoodRichmond_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WoodRichmond-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A <i>human</i> is a member of the genus <i>Homo</i>, of which <i>Homo sapiens</i> is the only extant species, and within that <i>Homo sapiens sapiens</i> is the only surviving <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a>.</li></ul> <p>A cladogram indicating common names (cf. <a href="#Classification">more detailed cladogram below</a>): </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first" style="font-size:80%; line-height:80%"><a href="/wiki/Hominoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominoidea">Hominoidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="font-size:80%; line-height:80%"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Hylobatidae <br />   gibbons </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">Hominidae </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Ponginae" title="Ponginae">Ponginae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Pongo </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pongo_abelii" class="mw-redirect" title="Pongo abelii">Pongo abelii</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pongo_tapanuliensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pongo tapanuliensis">Pongo tapanuliensis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pongo_pygmaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pongo pygmaeus">Pongo pygmaeus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">orangutans </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae">Homininae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Gorillini" title="Gorillini">Gorillini</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Gorilla </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Gorilla_gorilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorilla gorilla">Gorilla gorilla</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Gorilla_beringei" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorilla beringei">Gorilla beringei</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">gorillas </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Panina" title="Panina">Panina</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Pan </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pan_troglodytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan troglodytes">Pan troglodytes</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pan_paniscus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan paniscus">Pan paniscus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">chimpanzees </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Hominina" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominina">Hominina</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a></i><br />     humans </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">homininans </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">hominins </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">hominines </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">hominids, great apes </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last" style="font-size:80%; line-height:80%">hominoids, apes </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extant_and_fossil_relatives_of_humans">Extant and fossil relatives of humans</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fossil_hominids.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Fossil_hominids.jpg/220px-Fossil_hominids.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Fossil_hominids.jpg/330px-Fossil_hominids.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Fossil_hominids.jpg/440px-Fossil_hominids.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossil</a> hominid exhibit at <a href="/wiki/The_Museum_of_Osteology" class="mw-redirect" title="The Museum of Osteology">The Museum of Osteology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a>, Oklahoma</figcaption></figure> <p>Hominidae was originally the name given to the family of humans and their (extinct) close relatives, with the other great apes (that is, the orangutans, gorillas and chimpanzees) all being placed in a separate family, the <a href="/wiki/Pongidae" title="Pongidae">Pongidae</a>. However, that definition eventually made Pongidae <a href="/wiki/Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a> because at least one great ape species (the chimpanzees) proved to be more closely related to humans than to other great apes. Most taxonomists today encourage <a href="/wiki/Monophyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophyletic">monophyletic</a> groups—this would require, in this case, the use of Pongidae to be restricted to just one closely related grouping. Thus, many <a href="/wiki/Biologist" title="Biologist">biologists</a> now assign <i>Pongo</i> (as the <i>sub</i>family <a href="/wiki/Ponginae" title="Ponginae">Ponginae</a>) to the family Hominidae. The taxonomy shown here follows the monophyletic groupings according to the modern understanding of human and great ape relationships. </p><p>Humans and close relatives including the tribes <a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gorillini" title="Gorillini">Gorillini</a> form the subfamily <a href="/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae">Homininae</a> (see classification graphic below). (A few researchers go so far as to refer the chimpanzees and the gorillas to the genus <i>Homo</i> along with humans.)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But, those fossil relatives more closely related to humans than the chimpanzees represent the especially close members of the human family, <span class="cleanup-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">and without necessarily assigning subfamily or tribal categories.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="This seems to conflict with the cladogram above: chimp and Australopithecine et al. in the tribe Homonini, and Australopithecine et al. in the subtribe Homonina. (September 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many extinct hominids have been studied to help understand the relationship between modern humans and the other extant hominids. Some of the extinct members of this family include <i><a href="/wiki/Gigantopithecus" title="Gigantopithecus">Gigantopithecus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Orrorin" title="Orrorin">Orrorin</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus" title="Ardipithecus">Ardipithecus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kenyanthropus" title="Kenyanthropus">Kenyanthropus</a></i>, and the <a href="/wiki/Australopithecine" title="Australopithecine">australopithecines</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus">Australopithecus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus" title="Paranthropus">Paranthropus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The exact criteria for membership in the tribe Hominini under the current understanding of human origins are not clear, but the taxon generally includes those <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> that share more than 97% of their <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> with the modern human <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a>, and exhibit a capacity for <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">language</a> or for simple <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">cultures</a> beyond their 'local family' or band. The <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_mind" title="Theory of mind">theory of mind</a> concept—including such faculties as empathy, attribution of mental state, and even empathetic deception—is a controversial criterion; it distinguishes the adult human alone among the hominids. Humans acquire this capacity after about four years of age, whereas it has not been proven (nor has it been disproven) that gorillas or chimpanzees ever develop a theory of mind.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is also the case for some <a href="/wiki/New_World_monkey" title="New World monkey">New World monkeys</a> outside the family of great apes, as, for example, the <a href="/wiki/Capuchin_monkey#Theory_of_mind" title="Capuchin monkey">capuchin monkeys</a>. </p><p>However, even without the ability to test whether early members of the Hominini (such as <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Homo neanderthalensis</a></i>, or even the australopithecines) had a theory of mind, it is difficult to ignore similarities seen in their living cousins. Orangutans have shown the development of culture comparable to that of chimpanzees,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and some<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (September 2012)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> say the orangutan may also satisfy those criteria for the <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_mind" title="Theory of mind">theory of mind</a> concept. These scientific debates take on political significance for advocates of <a href="/wiki/Great_ape_personhood" title="Great ape personhood">great ape personhood</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gorilla_019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gorilla_019.jpg/220px-Gorilla_019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gorilla_019.jpg/330px-Gorilla_019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gorilla_019.jpg/440px-Gorilla_019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3078" data-file-height="2046" /></a><figcaption>Gorilla</figcaption></figure> <p>The great apes are tailless primates, with the smallest living species being the bonobo at 30 to 40 kilograms (66 to 88 lb) in weight, and the largest being the eastern gorillas, with males weighing 140 to 180 kilograms (310 to 400 lb). In all great apes, the males are, on average, larger and stronger than the females, although the degree of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">sexual dimorphism</a> varies greatly among species. Hominid teeth are similar to those of the <a href="/wiki/Old_World_monkey" title="Old World monkey">Old World monkeys</a> and gibbons, although they are especially large in gorillas. The <a href="/wiki/Dentition" title="Dentition">dental formula</a> is <span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em;" title="upper dentition: Incisors.Canines.Premolars.Molars">2.1.2.3</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;" title="lower dentition: Incisors.Canines.Premolars.Molars">2.1.2.3</span></span></span>. Human teeth and jaws are markedly smaller relative to body size compared to those of other apes. This may be an adaptation not only to the extensive use of tools, which has supplanted the role of jaws in hunting and fighting, but also to eating cooked food since the end of the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brace&Mahler_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brace&Mahler-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wrangham2007_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wrangham2007-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behavior">Behavior</h2></div> <p>Although most living species are predominantly <a href="/wiki/Quadrupedal" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadrupedal">quadrupedal</a>, they are all able to use their hands for gathering food or nesting materials, and, in some cases, for tool use.<sup id="cite_ref-EoM_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoM-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They build complex sleeping platforms, also called nests, in trees to sleep in at night, but chimpanzees and gorillas also build terrestrial nests, and gorillas can also sleep on the bare ground.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All species are <a href="/wiki/Omnivore" title="Omnivore">omnivorous</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although chimpanzees and orangutans primarily eat fruit. When gorillas run short of fruit at certain times of the year or in certain regions, they resort to eating shoots and leaves, often of <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a>, a type of grass. Gorillas have extreme adaptations for chewing and digesting such low-quality forage, but they still prefer fruit when it is available, often going miles out of their way to find especially preferred fruits. Humans, since the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a>, have consumed mostly <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">cereals</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">starchy</a> foods, including increasingly highly <a href="/wiki/Food_processing" title="Food processing">processed foods</a>, as well as many other <a href="/wiki/Domestication#Plants" title="Domestication">domesticated plants</a> (including fruits) and <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gestation" title="Gestation">Gestation</a> in great apes lasts 8–9 months, and results in the birth of a single offspring, or, rarely, twins. The young are born helpless, and require care for long periods of time. Compared with most other mammals, great apes have a remarkably long adolescence, not being <a href="/wiki/Weaning" title="Weaning">weaned</a> for several years,<sup id="cite_ref-Hamilton_2017_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamilton_2017-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and not becoming fully mature for eight to thirteen years in most species (longer in orangutans and humans). As a result, females typically give birth only once every few years. There is no distinct breeding season.<sup id="cite_ref-EoM_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoM-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gorillas and chimpanzees live in family groups of around five to ten individuals, although much larger groups are sometimes noted. Chimpanzees live in larger groups that break up into smaller groups when fruit becomes less available. When small groups of female chimpanzees go off in separate directions to forage for fruit, the dominant males can no longer control them and the females often mate with other subordinate males. In contrast, groups of gorillas stay together regardless of the availability of fruit. When fruit is hard to find, they resort to eating leaves and shoots. </p><p>This fact is related to gorillas' greater sexual dimorphism relative to that of chimpanzees; that is, the difference in size between male and female gorillas is much greater than that between male and female chimpanzees. This enables gorilla males to physically dominate female gorillas more easily. In both chimpanzees and gorillas, the groups include at least one dominant male, and young males leave the group at maturity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_status">Legal status</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Great_ape_personhood" title="Great ape personhood">Great ape personhood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Ape_Project" title="Great Ape Project">Great Ape Project</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Countries_banning_non-human_ape_experimentation" title="Countries banning non-human ape experimentation">Countries banning non-human ape experimentation</a></div> <p>Due to the close genetic relationship between humans and the other great apes, certain <a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">animal rights</a> organizations, such as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Ape_Project" title="Great Ape Project">Great Ape Project</a>, argue that nonhuman <a href="/wiki/Great_ape_personhood" title="Great ape personhood">great apes are persons</a> and, per the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_Great_Apes" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration on Great Apes">Declaration on Great Apes</a>, should be given basic <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a>. In 1999, New Zealand was the first country to ban any great ape experimentation, and now 29 countries have currently instituted a <a href="/wiki/Great_ape_research_ban" class="mw-redirect" title="Great ape research ban">research ban</a> to protect great apes from any kind of scientific testing. </p><p>On 25 June 2008, the Spanish parliament supported a new law that would make "keeping apes for circuses, television commercials or filming" illegal.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 September 2010, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Great_ape_research_ban" class="mw-redirect" title="Great ape research ban">banned the testing of great apes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation">Conservation</h2></div> <p>The following table lists the estimated number of great ape individuals living outside zoos. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-weight: bold;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#efefef;">Species </th> <th style="background-color:#efefef;">Estimated<br />number </th> <th style="background-color:#efefef;">Conservation<br />status </th> <th style="background-color:#efefef;" class="unsortable">Refs </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#eeddbb;"><a href="/wiki/Bornean_orangutan" title="Bornean orangutan">Bornean orangutan</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#eeddbb; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em;">104,700 </td> <td style="background-color:#eeddbb; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Critically_endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Critically endangered">Critically endangered</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#eeddbb; text-align: center;"><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#eeddbb;"><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_orangutan" title="Sumatran orangutan">Sumatran orangutan</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#eeddbb; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em;">6,667 </td> <td style="background-color:#eeddbb; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Critically_endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Critically endangered">Critically endangered</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#eeddbb; text-align: center;"><sup id="cite_ref-orangutans_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orangutans-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#eeddbb;"><a href="/wiki/Tapanuli_orangutan" title="Tapanuli orangutan">Tapanuli orangutan</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#eeddbb; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em;">800 </td> <td style="background-color:#eeddbb; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Critically_endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Critically endangered">Critically endangered</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#eeddbb; text-align: center;"><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Western_gorilla" title="Western gorilla">Western gorilla</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cef2e0; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em;">200,000 </td> <td style="background-color:#cef2e0; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Critically_endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Critically endangered">Critically endangered</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cef2e0; text-align: center;"><sup id="cite_ref-gorillas_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gorillas-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_gorilla" title="Eastern gorilla">Eastern gorilla</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cef2e0; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em;"><5,000 </td> <td style="background-color:#cef2e0; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Critically_endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Critically endangered">Critically endangered</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cef2e0; text-align: center;"><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ddcef2;"><a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">Chimpanzee</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ddcef2; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em;">200,000 </td> <td style="background-color:#ddcef2; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered">Endangered</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ddcef2; text-align: center;"><sup id="cite_ref-chimpanzees_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chimpanzees-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ddcef2;"><a href="/wiki/Bonobo" title="Bonobo">Bonobo</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ddcef2; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em;">10,000 </td> <td style="background-color:#ddcef2; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered">Endangered</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ddcef2; text-align: center;"><sup id="cite_ref-chimpanzees_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chimpanzees-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#c3d52f;"><a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">Human</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c3d52f; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em;">8,040,640,000 </td> <td style="background-color:#c3d52f; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em;">N/A </td> <td style="background-color:#c3d52f; text-align: center;"><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hominidae" title="Special:EditPage/Hominidae">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Hominidae%22">"Hominidae"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Hominidae%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Hominidae%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Hominidae%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Hominidae%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Hominidae%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="anchor" id="Classification"></span> Below is a cladogram with extinct species.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (July 2019)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> It is indicated approximately how many million years ago (Mya) the clades diverged into newer clades.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b>Hominidae (18)</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Ponginae" title="Ponginae">Ponginae</a> (14) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Kenyapithecus" title="Kenyapithecus">Kenyapithecus</a></i>(†13 Mya) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Sivapithecus" title="Sivapithecus">Sivapithecus</a></i>(†9) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Crown <a href="/wiki/Ponginae" title="Ponginae">Ponginae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px dashed;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Ankarapithecus" title="Ankarapithecus">Ankarapithecus</a></i>(†9) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:1px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px dashed;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Giganthopithecus" class="mw-redirect" title="Giganthopithecus">Giganthopithecus</a></i>(†0.1) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:1px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px dashed;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Khoratpithecus" title="Khoratpithecus">Khoratpithecus</a></i>(†7) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last" style="border-right:none;border-left:none;"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">(13) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">(12) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pierolapithecus" title="Pierolapithecus">Pierolapithecus</a></i>(†11) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Hispanopithecus" title="Hispanopithecus">Hispanopithecus</a></i>(†10) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Lufengpithecus" title="Lufengpithecus">Lufengpithecus</a></i>(†7) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Khoratpithecus" title="Khoratpithecus">Khoratpithecus</a></i>(†9) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae">Homininae</a></i> (13) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a> (7) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus" title="Ardipithecus">Ardipithecus</a></i> (incl. <i><a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">Homo</a>)</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pan_(genus)" title="Pan (genus)">Pan</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Graecopithecus" title="Graecopithecus">Graecopithecus</a>(†8) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Ouranopithecus" title="Ouranopithecus">Ouranopithecus</a></i>(†7) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Gorillini" title="Gorillini">Gorillini</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Crown <a href="/wiki/Gorillini" title="Gorillini">Gorillini</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Chororapithecus" title="Chororapithecus">Chororapithecus</a></i>(†) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Nakalipithecus" title="Nakalipithecus">Nakalipithecus</a></i>(†10) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px dashed;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Samburupithecus" title="Samburupithecus">Samburupithecus</a></i>(†9) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last" style="border-right:none;border-left:none;"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Homgraph"></span> </p> <style 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.tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:419px;max-width:419px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:417px;max-width:417px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hominidae_chart_inverted.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Hominidae_chart_inverted.svg/415px-Hominidae_chart_inverted.svg.png" decoding="async" width="415" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Hominidae_chart_inverted.svg/623px-Hominidae_chart_inverted.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Hominidae_chart_inverted.svg/830px-Hominidae_chart_inverted.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="135" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><br />Taxonomy of <a href="/wiki/Hominoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominoidea">Hominoidea</a> (emphasis on family Hominidae): After an initial separation from the main line by the Hylobatidae (gibbons) some 18 million years ago, the line of <a href="/wiki/Ponginae" title="Ponginae">Ponginae</a> broke away, leading to the orangutan; later, the Homininae split into the tribes <a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a> (led to humans and chimpanzees) and <a href="/wiki/Gorillini" title="Gorillini">Gorillini</a> (led to gorillas).</div></div></div></div></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Foo"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extant">Extant</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_hominoids" title="List of hominoids">List of hominoids</a></div> <p>There are eight living species of great ape which are classified in four <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genera</a>. The following classification is commonly accepted:<sup id="cite_ref-MSW3_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSW3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Family Hominidae</b>: humans and other great apes; extinct genera and species excluded<sup id="cite_ref-MSW3_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSW3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Subfamily <a href="/wiki/Ponginae" title="Ponginae">Ponginae</a> <ul><li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Pongini" title="Pongini">Pongini</a> <ul><li>Genus <i>Pongo</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_orangutan" title="Bornean orangutan">Bornean orangutan</a>, <i>Pongo pygmaeus</i> <ul><li>Northwest Bornean orangutan, <i>Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus</i></li> <li>Northeast Bornean orangutan, <i>Pongo pygmaeus morio</i></li> <li>Central Bornean orangutan, <i>Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_orangutan" title="Sumatran orangutan">Sumatran orangutan</a>, <i>Pongo abelii</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapanuli_orangutan" title="Tapanuli orangutan">Tapanuli orangutan</a>, <i>Pongo tapanuliensis</i><sup id="cite_ref-curbio_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curbio-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Subfamily <a href="/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae">Homininae</a> <ul><li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Gorillini" title="Gorillini">Gorillini</a> <ul><li>Genus <i>Gorilla</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_gorilla" title="Western gorilla">Western gorilla</a>, <i>Gorilla gorilla</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_lowland_gorilla" title="Western lowland gorilla">Western lowland gorilla</a>, <i>Gorilla gorilla gorilla</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_River_gorilla" title="Cross River gorilla">Cross River gorilla</a>, <i>Gorilla gorilla diehli</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_gorilla" title="Eastern gorilla">Eastern gorilla</a>, <i>Gorilla beringei</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_gorilla" title="Mountain gorilla">Mountain gorilla</a>, <i>Gorilla beringei beringei</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_lowland_gorilla" title="Eastern lowland gorilla">Eastern lowland gorilla</a>, <i>Gorilla beringei graueri</i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a> <ul><li>Subtribe <a href="/wiki/Panina" title="Panina">Panina</a> <ul><li>Genus <i>Pan</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">Chimpanzee</a>, <i>Pan troglodytes</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_chimpanzee" title="Central chimpanzee">Central chimpanzee</a>, <i>Pan troglodytes troglodytes</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_chimpanzee" title="Western chimpanzee">Western chimpanzee</a>, <i>Pan troglodytes verus</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria-Cameroon_chimpanzee" title="Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee">Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee</a>, <i>Pan troglodytes ellioti</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_chimpanzee" title="Eastern chimpanzee">Eastern chimpanzee</a>, <i>Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonobo" title="Bonobo">Bonobo</a>, <i>Pan paniscus</i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Subtribe <a href="/wiki/Hominina" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominina">Hominina</a> <ul><li>Genus <i>Homo</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">Human</a>, <i>Homo sapiens</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomically_modern_human" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatomically modern human">Anatomically modern human</a>, <i>Homo sapiens sapiens</i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fossil">Fossil</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paranthropus_boisei_skull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Paranthropus_boisei_skull.jpg/170px-Paranthropus_boisei_skull.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Paranthropus_boisei_skull.jpg/255px-Paranthropus_boisei_skull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Paranthropus_boisei_skull.jpg/340px-Paranthropus_boisei_skull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1494" data-file-height="2296" /></a><figcaption>Replica of <a href="/wiki/OH_5" class="mw-redirect" title="OH 5">the skull sometimes known as "Nutcracker Man"</a>, found by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Leakey" title="Mary Leakey">Mary Leakey</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to the extant species and subspecies, <a href="/wiki/Archaeologists" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeologists">archaeologists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paleontologists" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleontologists">paleontologists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anthropologists" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropologists">anthropologists</a> have discovered and classified numerous extinct great ape species as below, based on the taxonomy shown.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table id="Container" role="presentation" class="nomobile toccolours searchaux" style="text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;border-style:solid;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.3em 0 0.8em 1.4em;overflow:hidden;min-width:29.95em"><tbody><tr><td colspan="3" id="Title" style="padding:1em 1em 0 1em"><div style="background-color:#77bb77;padding:0 0.2em 0 0.2em;font-weight:bold;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_human_evolution" title="Timeline of human evolution"><span style="color:#ffffff;">Hominin timeline</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" id="Navbox" style="padding:0;margin:0 1em 0 0;text-align:right"><style 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style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:40.00em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−8 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:37.50em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:35.00em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−7 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:32.50em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:30.00em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−6 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:27.50em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:25.00em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−5 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:22.50em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:20.00em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−4 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:17.50em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:15.00em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−3 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:12.50em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:10.00em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−2 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:7.50em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:5.00em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−1 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:2.50em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:-0.00em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">0 —</span></div></td><td id="Timeline" class="toccolours notheme" style="padding:0px;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;position:relative;font-size:100%;width:13em;height:50em;float:left;border:none;background-color:#FFE4F1"><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#936a00;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:26.665em;height:23.335em;left:0.000em;width:1.300em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:-0.1em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-11.667em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1231500821">@supports(writing-mode:vertical-lr){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-text{letter-spacing:-0.12em;line-height:1em;text-orientation:upright;writing-mode:vertical-lr;width:1em}}</style><span class="ts-vertical-text" style=""><a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene"><span style="color:#ffffff;">Miocene</span></a></span></b></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#f1c309;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:12.900em;height:13.765em;left:0.000em;width:1.300em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.5em;left:-0.1em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-6.883em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1231500821"><span class="ts-vertical-text" style=""><a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a></span></b></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#c1e0c1;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.058em;height:12.841em;left:0.000em;width:1.300em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.75em;left:-0.1em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-6.421em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1231500821"><span class="ts-vertical-text" style=""><a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a></span></b></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:14.000em;height:36.000em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:-6.7em;left:-0.3em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-18.000em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:120%"><b><a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a></b></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:48.500em;height:0.500em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0.1em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Nakalipithecus" title="Nakalipithecus">Nakalipithecus</a></span></i></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:46.500em;height:1.000em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.5em;left:0.6em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.500em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Samburupithecus" title="Samburupithecus">Samburupithecus</a></span></i></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:44.500em;height:0.500em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0.2em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Ouranopithecus" title="Ouranopithecus">Ouranopithecus</a></span></i><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(<a href="/wiki/Ouranopithecus_turkae" title="Ouranopithecus turkae">Ou. turkae</a>)</i><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Ouranopithecus_macedoniensis" title="Ouranopithecus macedoniensis">Ou. macedoniensis</a>)</i></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:39.500em;height:0.500em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.1em;left:0.4em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Chororapithecus" title="Chororapithecus">Chororapithecus</a></span></i></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:35.000em;height:10.000em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:-1.75em;left:-0.2em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-5.000em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Oreopithecus" title="Oreopithecus">Oreopithecus</a></span></i></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:39.500em;height:0.500em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:1.75em;left:-0.4em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Sivapithecus" title="Sivapithecus">Sivapithecus</a></span></i></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:34.500em;height:0.500em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.5em;left:0.3em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Sahelanthropus" title="Sahelanthropus">Sahelanthropus</a></span></i></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:34.500em;height:0.500em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:2em;left:0.3em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Graecopithecus" title="Graecopithecus">Graecopithecus</a></span></i></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:29.500em;height:0.500em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.5em;left:-1.5em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Orrorin" title="Orrorin">Orrorin</a></span></i></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:29.500em;height:0.500em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:2.5em;left:0.15em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(<a href="/wiki/Orrorin" title="Orrorin">O. praegens</a>)</i><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Orrorin" title="Orrorin">O. tugenensis</a>)</i></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:22.000em;height:6.850em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:-3.75em;left:-0.3em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-3.425em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><b><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus" title="Ardipithecus">Ardipithecus</a></span></b></i></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:27.700em;height:1.150em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.75em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.575em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(<a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus_kadabba" title="Ardipithecus kadabba">Ar. kadabba</a>)</i></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:21.500em;height:1.000em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:1em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.500em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(<a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus_ramidus" title="Ardipithecus ramidus">Ar. ramidus</a>)</i></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:6.000em;height:16.500em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:3em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-8.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><b><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus">Australopithecus</a></span></b></i><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(<a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_africanus" title="Australopithecus africanus">Au. africanus</a>)</i><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_afarensis" title="Australopithecus afarensis">Au. afarensis</a>)</i><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_anamensis" title="Australopithecus anamensis">Au. anamensis</a>)</i></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#DCEEFF;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:8.250em;height:5.750em;left:2.600em;width:10.400em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.9em;left:-0.5em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-2.875em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><b><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Homo_habilis" title="Homo habilis">H. habilis</a></span></b></i><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(<a href="/wiki/Homo_rudolfensis" title="Homo rudolfensis">H. rudolfensis</a>)</i><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_garhi" title="Australopithecus garhi">Au. garhi</a>)</i></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#FFE4F1;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.570em;height:9.430em;left:3.900em;width:9.100em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:1.5em;left:-1em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-4.715em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><b><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">H. erectus</a></span></b></i><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(<a href="/wiki/Homo_antecessor" title="Homo antecessor">H. antecessor</a>)</i><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Homo_ergaster" title="Homo ergaster">H. ergaster</a>)</i><br /><i>(<a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_sediba" title="Australopithecus sediba">Au. sediba</a>)</i></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#FFE4F1;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:6.000em;height:2.500em;left:2.600em;width:10.400em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#7DFFFF;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:1.000em;height:2.500em;left:2.600em;width:10.400em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:1em;left:-0.2em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Homo_heidelbergensis" title="Homo heidelbergensis">H. heidelbergensis</a></span></i></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#F3F300;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:1.500em;left:3.900em;width:9.100em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:-0.7em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.750em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><i><b><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomically_modern_human" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatomically modern human">Homo sapiens</a></span></b></i></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#F3F300;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:0.200em;left:1.300em;width:3.900em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.100em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#7DFFFF;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.200em;height:1.050em;left:2.600em;width:1.300em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:1.8em;left:2.6em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.525em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span class="nowrap"><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthals</a></span></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#F3F300;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.200em;height:0.370em;left:1.300em;width:11.700em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.185em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#7DFFFF;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.200em;height:0.370em;left:2.600em;width:1.300em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:1.4em;left:2.8em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.185em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span class="nowrap"><span style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Denisovan" title="Denisovan">Denisovans</a></span></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ABFFAB;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:6.000em;height:8.500em;left:11.700em;width:1.300em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-4.250em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div></td><td id="Annotations" style="padding:0;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;float:left;position:relative;width:11.05em;height:50em"><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:50.000em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_human_evolution#Hominidae" title="Timeline of human evolution">Earlier apes</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:45.000em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Gorilla%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Gorilla–human last common ancestor">Gorilla split</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:42.500em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor">Chimpanzee split</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:35.000em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Human_skeletal_changes_due_to_bipedalism" title="Human skeletal changes due to bipedalism">Earliest bipedal</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:29.000em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus_kadabba" title="Ardipithecus kadabba">Earliest sign of <i>Ardipithecus</i></a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:22.500em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_anamensis" title="Australopithecus anamensis">Earliest sign of <i>Australopithecus</i></a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:17.000em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Stone_Age#Beginning_of_the_Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Earliest stone tools</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:14.000em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0.25em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/LD_350-1" title="LD 350-1">Earliest sign of<br /> <i>Homo</i></a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:10.600em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0.25em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Early_expansions_of_hominins_out_of_Africa" title="Early expansions of hominins out of Africa">Dispersal beyond Africa</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:9.550em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_language" title="Origin of language">Earliest language</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:8.500em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Control_of_fire_by_early_humans" title="Control of fire by early humans">Earliest fire</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cooking#History" title="Cooking">cooking</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:1.000em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0.6em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/wiki/Rock_art#East_Asia" title="Rock art">Earliest rock art</a></span></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:0.625em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0.1em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/wiki/Clothing#Origin_and_history" title="Clothing">Earliest clothes</a></span></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:0.250em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:-0.4em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_modernity" title="Behavioral modernity">Modern humans</a></span></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto;font-size:100%;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin-top:21.000em"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;text-align:left;top:0.25em;left:-5em;width:8.8em"><div style="position:relative;width:auto;z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);vertical-align:middle;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><span style="display:block; text-align:center; font-size:110%"><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1231500821"><span class="ts-vertical-text" style=""><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H o m i n i d s</a></span></b></span></div></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto;font-size:100%;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin-top:3.000em"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;text-align:left;top:3.25em;left:-5em;width:8.8em"><div style="position:relative;width:auto;z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);vertical-align:middle;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><span style="display:block; text-align:center; font-size:85%;"><b><span style="font-size:85%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1231500821"><span class="ts-vertical-text" style=""><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus" title="Paranthropus">P a r a n t h r o p u s</a></span></span></b></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td id="Caption" colspan="3" style="padding:0;margin:0 0.2em 0.7em 0.2em"><div id="Caption" class="toccolours" style="margin:0 0.5em;border-style:none;clear:both;text-align:center;width:26.8em"><div style="float:left;font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Myr" class="mw-redirect" title="Myr">million years ago</a>)</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Family Hominidae</b> </p> <ul><li>Subfamily <a href="/wiki/Ponginae" title="Ponginae">Ponginae</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Lufengpithecus" title="Lufengpithecus">Lufengpithecini</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lufengpithecus" title="Lufengpithecus">Lufengpithecus</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lufengpithecus_lufengensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lufengpithecus lufengensis">Lufengpithecus lufengensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lufengpithecus_keiyuanensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lufengpithecus keiyuanensis">Lufengpithecus keiyuanensis</a></i></li> <li><i>Lufengpithecus hudienensis</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meganthropus" title="Meganthropus">Meganthropus</a></i> <ul><li><i>Meganthropus palaeojavanicus</i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Tribe Sivapithecini<a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ankarapithecus" title="Ankarapithecus">Ankarapithecus</a></i> <ul><li><i>Ankarapithecus meteai</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sivapithecus" title="Sivapithecus">Sivapithecus</a></i> <ul><li><i>Sivapithecus brevirostris</i></li> <li><i>Sivapithecus punjabicus</i></li> <li><i>Sivapithecus parvada</i></li> <li><i>Sivapithecus sivalensis</i></li> <li><i>Sivapithecus indicus</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gigantopithecus" title="Gigantopithecus">Gigantopithecus</a></i> <ul><li><i>Gigantopithecus bilaspurensis</i></li> <li><i>Gigantopithecus blacki</i></li> <li><i>Gigantopithecus giganteus</i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Tribe Pongini <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Khoratpithecus" title="Khoratpithecus">Khoratpithecus</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Khoratpithecus_ayeyarwadyensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoratpithecus ayeyarwadyensis">Khoratpithecus ayeyarwadyensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khoratpithecus_piriyai" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoratpithecus piriyai">Khoratpithecus piriyai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khoratpithecus_chiangmuanensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoratpithecus chiangmuanensis">Khoratpithecus chiangmuanensis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i>Pongo</i> (orangutans) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pongo_hooijeri" title="Pongo hooijeri">Pongo hooijeri</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Subfamily <a href="/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae">Homininae</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Dryopithecini" title="Dryopithecini">Dryopithecini</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kenyapithecus" title="Kenyapithecus">Kenyapithecus</a> (placement disputed)</i> <ul><li><i>Kenyapithecus wickeri</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Danuvius_guggenmosi" title="Danuvius guggenmosi">Danuvius</a></i> <ul><li><i>Danuvius guggenmosi</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pierolapithecus" title="Pierolapithecus">Pierolapithecus</a> (placement disputed)</i> <ul><li><i>Pierolapithecus catalaunicus</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ouranopithecus" title="Ouranopithecus">Ouranopithecus</a></i> <ul><li><i>Ouranopithecus macedoniensis</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Otavipithecus" title="Otavipithecus">Otavipithecus</a></i> <ul><li><i>Otavipithecus namibiensis</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morotopithecus" title="Morotopithecus">Morotopithecus</a></i> (placement disputed) <ul><li><i>Morotopithecus bishopi</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oreopithecus" title="Oreopithecus">Oreopithecus</a></i> (placement disputed) <ul><li><i>Oreopithecus bambolii</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nakalipithecus" title="Nakalipithecus">Nakalipithecus</a></i> <ul><li><i>Nakalipithecus nakayamai</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anoiapithecus" title="Anoiapithecus">Anoiapithecus</a></i> <ul><li><i>Anoiapithecus brevirostris</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hispanopithecus" title="Hispanopithecus">Hispanopithecus</a> (placement disputed)</i> <ul><li><i>Hispanopithecus laietanus</i></li> <li><i>Hispanopithecus crusafonti</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dryopithecus" title="Dryopithecus">Dryopithecus</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dryopithecus_fontani" class="mw-redirect" title="Dryopithecus fontani">Dryopithecus fontani</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rudapithecus" title="Rudapithecus">Rudapithecus</a> (placement disputed)</i> <ul><li><i>Rudapithecus hungaricus</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samburupithecus" title="Samburupithecus">Samburupithecus</a></i> <ul><li><i>Samburupithecus kiptalami</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Graecopithecus" title="Graecopithecus">Graecopithecus</a></i> <a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><i>Graecopithecus freybergi</i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Gorillini" title="Gorillini">Gorillini</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chororapithecus" title="Chororapithecus">Chororapithecus</a></i> <a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> (placement debated) <ul><li><i>Chororapithecus abyssinicus</i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Tribe <a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a> <ul><li>Subtribe <a href="/wiki/Panina" title="Panina">Panina</a></li> <li>Subtribe <a href="/wiki/Hominina" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominina">Hominina</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sahelanthropus" title="Sahelanthropus">Sahelanthropus</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> <ul><li><i>Sahelanthropus tchadensis</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orrorin" title="Orrorin">Orrorin</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> <ul><li><i>Orrorin tugenensis</i></li> <li><i>Orrorin praegens</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus" title="Ardipithecus">Ardipithecus</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus_ramidus" title="Ardipithecus ramidus">Ardipithecus ramidus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus_kadabba" title="Ardipithecus kadabba">Ardipithecus kadabba</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kenyanthropus" title="Kenyanthropus">Kenyanthropus</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> <ul><li><i>Kenyanthropus platyops</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus">Australopithecus</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_bahrelghazali" title="Australopithecus bahrelghazali">Australopithecus bahrelghazali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_anamensis" title="Australopithecus anamensis">Australopithecus anamensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_afarensis" title="Australopithecus afarensis">Australopithecus afarensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_africanus" title="Australopithecus africanus">Australopithecus africanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_garhi" title="Australopithecus garhi">Australopithecus garhi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_sediba" title="Australopithecus sediba">Australopithecus sediba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_deyiremeda" title="Australopithecus deyiremeda">Australopithecus deyiremeda</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus" title="Paranthropus">Paranthropus</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus_aethiopicus" title="Paranthropus aethiopicus">Paranthropus aethiopicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus_robustus" title="Paranthropus robustus">Paranthropus robustus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus_boisei" title="Paranthropus boisei">Paranthropus boisei</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">Homo</a></i> – close relatives of modern humans <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_gautengensis" title="Homo gautengensis">Homo gautengensis</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> (probable <i>H. habilis</i> specimens)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_rudolfensis" title="Homo rudolfensis">Homo rudolfensis</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> (membership in <i>Homo</i> uncertain)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_habilis" title="Homo habilis">Homo habilis</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> (membership in <i>Homo</i> uncertain)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_naledi" title="Homo naledi">Homo naledi</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> (membership in <i>Homo</i> uncertain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homo_georgicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo georgicus">Dmanisi Man</a>, <i>Homo georgicus</i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> (probable early subspecies of <i>Homo erectus</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_ergaster" title="Homo ergaster">Homo ergaster</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> (African <i>Homo erectus</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bilzingsleben_(Paleolithic_site)#Human_remains" title="Bilzingsleben (Paleolithic site)">Homo erectus bilzingslebenensis</a></i> <a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus_erectus" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo erectus erectus">Java Man</a>, <i>Homo erectus erectus</i> <a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lantian_Man" title="Lantian Man">Lantian Man</a>, <i>Homo erectus lantianensis</i> <a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Man" title="Nanjing Man">Nanjing Man</a>, <i>Homo erectus nankinensis</i> <a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peking_Man" title="Peking Man">Peking Man</a>, <i>Homo erectus pekinensis</i> <a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_Man" title="Solo Man">Solo Man</a>, <i>Homo erectus soloensis</i> <a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> (possible separate species)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tautavel_Man" title="Tautavel Man">Tautavel Man</a>, <i>Homo erectus tautavelensis</i> <a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanmou_Man" title="Yuanmou Man">Yuanmou Man</a>, <i>Homo erectus yuanmouensis</i> <a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homo_floresiensis" title="Homo floresiensis">Flores Man</a> or Hobbit, <i>Homo floresiensis</i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> (membership in <i>Homo</i> uncertain)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_luzonensis" title="Homo luzonensis">Homo luzonensis</a></i> <a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> (membership in <i>Homo</i> uncertain)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_antecessor" title="Homo antecessor">Homo antecessor</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_heidelbergensis" title="Homo heidelbergensis">Homo heidelbergensis</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_cepranensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo cepranensis">Homo cepranensis</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> (probable <i>H. heidelbergensis</i> specimens)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_helmei" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo helmei">Homo helmei</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> (probable early <i>H. sapiens</i> specimens)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_tsaichangensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo tsaichangensis">Homo tsaichangensis</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> (thought by some to be a subspecies of <i>H. erectus</i> or a Denisovan; unlikely to be separate species)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denisova_hominin" class="mw-redirect" title="Denisova hominin">Denisovans</a> (scientific name not yet assigned)<a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthal</a>, <i>Homo neanderthalensis</i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_rhodesiensis" title="Homo rhodesiensis">Homo rhodesiensis</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a> (probable late <i>H. heidelbergensis</i> specimens)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Modern human</a>, <i>Homo sapiens</i> (sometimes called <i>Homo sapiens sapiens</i>) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens_idaltu" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens idaltu">Homo sapiens idaltu</a></i><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_humans" title="Archaic humans">Archaic <i>Homo sapiens</i></a><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="†">†</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bili_ape" title="Bili ape">Bili ape</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_of_Humanity" title="Dawn of Humanity">Dawn of Humanity</a></i> (2015 PBS film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_ape_language" title="Great ape language">Great ape language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_of_the_Apes_franchise" class="mw-redirect" title="Planet of the Apes franchise">Planet of the Apes franchise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Ape_Project" title="Great Ape Project">Great Ape Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_ape_research_ban" class="mw-redirect" title="Great ape research ban">Great ape research ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Apes_Survival_Partnership" title="Great Apes Survival Partnership">Great Apes Survival Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Primate_Day" title="International Primate Day">International Primate Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa_Declaration_on_Great_Apes" title="Kinshasa Declaration on Great Apes">Kinshasa Declaration on Great Apes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human_evolution_fossils" title="List of human evolution fossils">List of human evolution fossils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_apes" title="List of individual apes">List of individual apes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeys_and_apes_in_space" title="Monkeys and apes in space">Monkeys and apes in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldest_hominids" title="Oldest hominids">Oldest hominids</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Autopsy" title="Prehistoric Autopsy">Prehistoric Autopsy</a></i> (2012 BBC documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_cognition" title="Primate cognition">Primate cognition</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mind_of_an_Ape" title="The Mind of an Ape">The Mind of an Ape</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_human_evolution" title="Timeline of human evolution">Timeline of human evolution</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Great ape" is a common name rather than a taxonomic label, and there are differences in usage, even by the same author. The term may or may not include humans, as when Dawkins writes "Long before people thought in terms of evolution ... great apes were often confused with humans"<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="When hypernym is mentioned together with its hyponym, the hyponym is often understood to be excluded from the hypernym in that context. This may be contextual and generally is applicable to all hypernym/hyponym usage. These aren't good examples as a general usage of 'Great ape' that excludes human. (September 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and "gibbons are faithfully monogamous, unlike the great apes which are our closer relatives."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawkins2005126_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawkins2005126-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="See previous BSN tag. (September 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-MSW3-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGroves2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Groves" title="Colin Groves">Groves, C. P.</a> (2005). <a href="/wiki/Don_E._Wilson" title="Don E. Wilson">Wilson, D. E.</a>; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=12100786"><i>Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference</i></a> (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 181–184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-801-88221-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-801-88221-4"><bdi>0-801-88221-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494">62265494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mammal+Species+of+the+World%3A+A+Taxonomic+and+Geographic+Reference&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pages=181-184&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62265494&rft.isbn=0-801-88221-4&rft.aulast=Groves&rft.aufirst=C.+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.departments.bucknell.edu%2Fbiology%2Fresources%2Fmsw3%2Fbrowse.asp%3Fid%3D12100786&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHominidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray1825" class="citation journal cs1">Gray, J. E. (1825). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2531525#page/353/mode/1up">"An outline of an attempt at the disposition of Mammalia into Tribes and Families, with a list of genera apparently appertaining to each Tribe"</a>. <i>Annals of Philosophy</i>. New Series. <b>10</b>: 337–334.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=An+outline+of+an+attempt+at+the+disposition+of+Mammalia+into+Tribes+and+Families%2C+with+a+list+of+genera+apparently+appertaining+to+each+Tribe.&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=337-334&rft.date=1825&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=J.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F2531525%23page%2F353%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHominidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawkins2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dawkins" title="Richard Dawkins">Dawkins, R.</a> (2005). <a href="/wiki/The_Ancestor%27s_Tale" title="The Ancestor's Tale"><i>The Ancestor's Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Life</i></a> (p/b ed.). London, England: Phoenix (Orion Books). p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ancestorstalepil0000dawk/page/114">114</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7538-1996-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7538-1996-8"><bdi>978-0-7538-1996-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancestor%27s+Tale%3A+A+Pilgrimage+to+the+Dawn+of+Life&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=114&rft.edition=p%2Fb&rft.pub=Phoenix+%28Orion+Books%29&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7538-1996-8&rft.aulast=Dawkins&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHominidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawkins2005126-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawkins2005126_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDawkins2005">Dawkins (2005)</a>, p. 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton" class="citation web cs1">Morton, Mary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.earthmagazine.org/article/hominid-vs-hominin">"Hominid vs. hominin"</a>. <i>Earth Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Ltd. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-203-3656-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-203-3656-8"><bdi>978-81-203-3656-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Morphology+of+the+Primates+And+Human+Evolution&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=PHI+Learning+Pvt.+Ltd.&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-81-203-3656-8&rft.aulast=Srivastava&rft.aufirst=R.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkCerOsM8XMwC%26pg%3DPA87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHominidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChenLi2001" class="citation journal cs1">Chen, Feng-Chi; Li, Wen-Hsiung (15 January 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1235277">"Genomic Divergences between Humans and Other Hominoids and the Effective Population Size of the Common Ancestor of Humans and Chimpanzees"</a>. <i>American Journal of Human Genetics</i>. <b>68</b> (2): 444–456. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F318206">10.1086/318206</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9297">0002-9297</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1235277">1235277</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11170892">11170892</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=Genomic+Divergences+between+Humans+and+Other+Hominoids+and+the+Effective+Population+Size+of+the+Common+Ancestor+of+Humans+and+Chimpanzees&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=444-456&rft.date=2001-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1235277%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0002-9297&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11170892&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F318206&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Feng-Chi&rft.au=Li%2C+Wen-Hsiung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1235277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHominidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wood2010-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wood2010_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB._Wood2010" class="citation journal cs1">B. Wood (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3024019">"Reconstructing human evolution: Achievements, challenges, and opportunities"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>107</b> (Suppl 2): 8902–8909. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PNAS..107.8902W">2010PNAS..107.8902W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1001649107">10.1073/pnas.1001649107</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3024019">3024019</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20445105">20445105</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Reconstructing+human+evolution%3A+Achievements%2C+challenges%2C+and+opportunities&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=Suppl+2&rft.pages=8902-8909&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3024019%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20445105&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1001649107&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010PNAS..107.8902W&rft.au=B.+Wood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3024019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHominidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WoodRichmond-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WoodRichmond_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodRichmond2000" class="citation journal cs1">Wood, Bernard; Richmond, Brian G. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1468107">"Human evolution: taxonomy and paleobiology"</a>. <i>Journal of Anatomy</i>. <b>197</b> (1): 19–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1469-7580.2000.19710019.x">10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19710019.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8782">0021-8782</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1468107">1468107</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10999270">10999270</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Anatomy&rft.atitle=Human+evolution%3A+taxonomy+and+paleobiology&rft.volume=197&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=19-60&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1468107%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0021-8782&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10999270&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1469-7580.2000.19710019.x&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft.au=Richmond%2C+Brian+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1468107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHominidae" class="Z3988"></span>. In this suggestion, the new subtribe of <i>Hominina</i> was to be designated as including the genus <i>Homo</i> exclusively, so that <i>Hominini</i> would have two subtribes, <i>Australopithecina</i> and <i>Hominina</i>, with the only known genus in <i>Hominina</i> being <i>Homo</i>. <i><a href="/wiki/Orrorin" title="Orrorin">Orrorin</a></i> (2001) has been proposed as a possible ancestor of <i>Hominina</i> but not <i>Australopithecina</i>.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynoldsGallagher2012" class="citation book cs1">Reynolds, Sally C.; Gallagher, Andrew (29 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PrJ1lmjMakoC&pg=PA116"><i>African Genesis: Perspectives on Hominin Evolution</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107019959" title="Special:BookSources/9781107019959"><bdi>9781107019959</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+Genesis%3A+Perspectives+on+Hominin+Evolution&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012-03-29&rft.isbn=9781107019959&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Sally+C.&rft.au=Gallagher%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPrJ1lmjMakoC%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHominidae" class="Z3988"></span>. Designations alternative to <i>Hominina</i> have been proposed: <i>Australopithecinae</i> (Gregory & Hellman 1939) and <i>Preanthropinae</i> (Cela-Conde & Altaba 2002); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunet2002" class="citation journal cs1">Brunet, M.; et al. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+England+Primate+Conservancy&rft.atitle=Bornean+Orangutan%2C+Pongo+pygmaeus&rft.date=2021-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fneprimateconservancy.org%2Fbornean-orangutan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHominidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-orangutans-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-orangutans_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An estimate of the number of wild <a href="/wiki/Orangutans" class="mw-redirect" title="Orangutans">orangutans</a> in 2004: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorku.ca/arusson/Papers/GoI%20OU%20action%20plan%2007-17.pdf">"Orangutan Action Plan 2007–2017"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Indonesia" title="Government of Indonesia">Government of Indonesia</a>. 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240901105624/http://www.yorku.ca/arusson/Papers/GoI%20OU%20action%20plan%2007-17.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 1 September 2024. <q>Pada IUCN Red List Edisi tahun 2002 orangutan sumatera dikategorikan Critically Endangered, artinya sudah sangat terancam kepunahan, sedangkan orangutan kalimantan dikategorikan Endangered atau langka.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Orangutan+Action+Plan+2007%E2%80%932017&rft.pub=Government+of+Indonesia&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorku.ca%2Farusson%2FPapers%2FGoI%2520OU%2520action%2520plan%252007-17.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHominidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neprimateconservancy.org/tapanuli-orangutan/">"Tapanuli Orangutan, Pongo tapanuliensis"</a>. <i>New England Primate Conservancy</i>. 30 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240529123735/https://neprimateconservancy.org/tapanuli-orangutan/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Mikko's Phylogeny Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pongidae&rft.pub=Mikko%27s+Phylogeny+Archive&rft.date=2004-02-04&rft.aulast=Haaramo&rft.aufirst=Mikko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.helsinki.fi%2F~mhaaramo%2Fmetazoa%2Fdeuterostoma%2Fchordata%2Fsynapsida%2Feutheria%2Fprimates%2Fhominoidea%2Fpongidae.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHominidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaaramo2005" class="citation web cs1">Haaramo, Mikko (14 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.helsinki.fi/~mhaaramo/metazoa/deuterostoma/chordata/synapsida/eutheria/primates/hominoidea/hominoidea.html">"Hominoidea"</a>. 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Mikko's Phylogeny Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hominidae&rft.pub=Mikko%27s+Phylogeny+Archive&rft.date=2007-11-10&rft.aulast=Haaramo&rft.aufirst=Mikko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.helsinki.fi%2F~mhaaramo%2Fmetazoa%2Fdeuterostoma%2Fchordata%2Fsynapsida%2Feutheria%2Fprimates%2Fhominoidea%2Fhominidae_1.html%23hominidae_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHominidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFussSpassovBegunBöhme2017" class="citation journal cs1">Fuss, J; Spassov, N; Begun, DR; Böhme, M (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5439669">"Potential hominin affinities of Graecopithecus from the Late Miocene of Europe"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>12</b> (5): 5. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PLoSO..1277127F">2017PLoSO..1277127F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0177127">10.1371/journal.pone.0177127</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5439669">5439669</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28531170">28531170</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Potential+hominin+affinities+of+Graecopithecus+from+the+Late+Miocene+of+Europe&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5439669%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28531170&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0177127&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017PLoSO..1277127F&rft.aulast=Fuss&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Spassov%2C+N&rft.au=Begun%2C+DR&rft.au=B%C3%B6hme%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5439669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHominidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">The Wikibook <i><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Dichotomous_Key" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Dichotomous Key">Dichotomous Key</a></i> has a page on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Dichotomous_Key/Hominidae" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Dichotomous Key/Hominidae">Hominidae</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110413200432/http://www.animallaw.info/great-apes/index.htm">The Animal Legal and Historical Center at Michigan State University College of Law</a>, Great Apes and the Law (archived 13 April 2011)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/programs/atc/features/2002/july/toumai/index.html">NPR News: Toumaï the Human Ancestor</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/species.html">Hominid Species</a> at <a href="/wiki/TalkOrigins_Archive" title="TalkOrigins Archive">TalkOrigins Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130430165744/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/">For more details on Hominid species, including photos of fossil hominids</a> (archived 30 April 2013)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071014180212/http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa006&articleID=000C1E5D-B9BA-1422-B9BA83414B7F0103"><i>Scientific American</i> magazine (April 2006 Issue) Why Are Some Animals So Smart?</a> (archived 14 October 2007)</li> <li>A new mediterranean hominoid-hominid link discovered, <i>Anoiapithecus brevirostris</i>, "Lluc": <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.0811730106">A unique Middle Miocene European hominoid and the origins of the great ape and human clade</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2009/06/01/ciencia/1243872357.html">Link to graphical reconstruction</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-evolution-interactive-timeline">Human Timeline (Interactive)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="National Museum of Natural History">National Museum of Natural History</a> (August 2016).</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output 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title="Euarchontoglires">Euarchontoglires</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Strepsirrhini" title="Strepsirrhini">Strepsirrhini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lorisoidea" title="Lorisoidea">Lorisoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorisidae" title="Lorisidae">Lorisidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galago" title="Galago">Galagidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lemur" title="Lemur">Lemuroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Chiromyiformes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chiromyiformes" title="Chiromyiformes">Chiromyiformes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aye-aye" title="Aye-aye">Daubentoniidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheirogaleidae" title="Cheirogaleidae">Cheirogaleidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemuridae" title="Lemuridae">Lemuridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportive_lemur" title="Sportive lemur">Lepilemuridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indriidae" title="Indriidae">Indriidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haplorhini" title="Haplorhini">Haplorhini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tarsier" title="Tarsier">Tarsiidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Simian" title="Simian">Simian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_World_monkey" title="New World monkey">Platyrrhini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cebidae" title="Cebidae">Cebidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callitrichidae" title="Callitrichidae">Callitrichidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_monkey" title="Night monkey">Aotidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitheciidae" title="Pitheciidae">Pitheciidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atelidae" title="Atelidae">Atelidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catharrhini" class="mw-redirect" title="Catharrhini">Catharrhini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_World_monkey" title="Old World monkey">Cercopithecidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hominoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominoidea">Hominoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibbon" title="Gibbon">Hylobatidae</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hominidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extant_species_of_family_Hominidae_(great_apes)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hominidae_nav" title="Template:Hominidae nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hominidae_nav" title="Template talk:Hominidae nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hominidae_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hominidae nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extant_species_of_family_Hominidae_(great_apes)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extant species of family <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hominidae <small>(great apes)</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Order: <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">Primates</a></li> <li>Suborder: <a href="/wiki/Haplorhini" title="Haplorhini">Haplorhini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hominidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ponginae" title="Ponginae">Ponginae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pongo(Orangutans)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em"><i><a href="/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">Pongo</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969">(Orangutans)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_orangutan" title="Sumatran orangutan">Sumatran orangutan (<i>P. abelii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_orangutan" title="Bornean orangutan">Bornean orangutan (<i>P. pygmaeus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapanuli_orangutan" title="Tapanuli orangutan">Tapanuli orangutan (<i>P. tapanuliensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae">Homininae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em"><i><a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">Gorilla</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969">(Gorillas)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_gorilla" title="Eastern gorilla">Eastern gorilla (<i>G. beringei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_gorilla" title="Western gorilla">Western gorilla (<i>G. gorilla</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em"><a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pan_(genus)" title="Pan (genus)">Pan</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonobo" title="Bonobo">Bonobo (<i>P. paniscus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">Chimpanzee (<i>P. troglodytes</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">Homo</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969">(Humans)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">Human (<i>H. sapiens</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Apes" title="Category:Apes">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Apes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Apes" title="Template:Apes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apes" title="Template talk:Apes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Apes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ape" title="Ape">Apes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hominoids" title="List of hominoids">Extant<br /> ape species</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">Homo</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">Human</a> (<i>H. sapiens</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pan_(genus)" title="Pan (genus)">Pan</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonobo" title="Bonobo">Bonobo</a> (<i>P. paniscus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">Chimpanzee</a> (<i>P. troglodytes</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">Gorilla</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_gorilla" title="Eastern gorilla">Eastern gorilla</a> (<i>G. beringei</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_gorilla" title="Western gorilla">Western gorilla</a> (<i>G. gorilla</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">Orangutan</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_orangutan" title="Sumatran orangutan">Sumatran orangutan</a> (<i>P. abelii</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_orangutan" title="Bornean orangutan">Bornean orangutan</a> (<i>P. pygmaeus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapanuli_orangutan" title="Tapanuli orangutan">Tapanuli orangutan</a> (<i>P. tapanuliensis</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibbon" title="Gibbon">Gibbon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a>: Hylobatidae)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Evidence_as_to_Man%27s_Place_in_Naturep2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Evidence_as_to_Man%27s_Place_in_Naturep2.jpg/100px-Evidence_as_to_Man%27s_Place_in_Naturep2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Evidence_as_to_Man%27s_Place_in_Naturep2.jpg/150px-Evidence_as_to_Man%27s_Place_in_Naturep2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Evidence_as_to_Man%27s_Place_in_Naturep2.jpg/200px-Evidence_as_to_Man%27s_Place_in_Naturep2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1509" data-file-height="706" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Study of apes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_ape_language" title="Great ape language">Great ape language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey">Dian Fossey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birut%C4%97_Galdikas" title="Birutė Galdikas">Birutė Galdikas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Goodall" title="Jane Goodall">Jane Goodall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee_genome_project" title="Chimpanzee genome project">Chimpanzee genome project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Genome_Project" title="Human Genome Project">Human Genome Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Kalema-Zikusoka" title="Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka">Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neanderthal_genome_project" title="Neanderthal genome project">Neanderthal genome project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Smits" title="Willie Smits">Willie Smits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_Dr%C3%B8scher_Nielsen" title="Lone Drøscher Nielsen">Lone Drøscher Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Redmond" title="Ian Redmond">Ian Redmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Elgin Center">Elgin Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ape_Cognition_and_Conservation_Initiative" title="Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative">Iowa Primate Learning Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_Orangutan_Survival" title="Borneo Orangutan Survival">Borneo Orangutan Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_archaeology" title="Primate archaeology">Primate archaeology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Primate#Legal_and_social_status" title="Primate">Legal and<br />social status</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_ape_personhood" title="Great ape personhood">Personhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countries_banning_non-human_ape_experimentation" title="Countries banning non-human ape experimentation">Research ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa_Declaration_on_Great_Apes" title="Kinshasa Declaration on Great Apes">Kinshasa Declaration on Great Apes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Ape_Project" title="Great Ape Project">Great Ape Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Apes_Survival_Partnership" title="Great Apes Survival Partnership">Great Apes Survival Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Primate_Day" title="International Primate Day">International Primate Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonhuman_Rights_Project" title="Nonhuman Rights Project">Nonhuman Rights Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">Primate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_apes" title="List of individual apes">List of individual apes</a> (non-human)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeys_and_apes_in_space" title="Monkeys and apes in space">Apes in space</a> (non-human)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigfoot" title="Bigfoot">Bigfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushmeat" title="Bushmeat">Bushmeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor">Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorilla%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Gorilla–human last common ancestor">Gorilla–human last common ancestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangutan%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Orangutan–human last common ancestor">Orangutan–human last common ancestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibbon%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Gibbon–human last common ancestor">Gibbon–human last common ancestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_primates" title="List of fictional primates">List of fictional primates</a> (non-human)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Great apes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_evolution" title="Human evolution">Human evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_Day" title="Monkey Day">Monkey Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythic_humanoids" title="Mythic humanoids">Mythic humanoids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeren" title="Yeren">Yeren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeti" title="Yeti">Yeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yowie" title="Yowie">Yowie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Apes" title="Category:Apes">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Haplorhini" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Haplorhini" title="Template:Haplorhini"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Haplorhini" title="Template talk:Haplorhini"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Haplorhini" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Haplorhini"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Haplorhini" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Haplorhini" title="Haplorhini">Haplorhini</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Order: <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">Primates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Haplorhini" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Haplorhini" title="Haplorhini">Haplorhini</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="†&quot;Omomyidae&quot;" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr>"<a href="/wiki/Omomyidae" title="Omomyidae">Omomyidae</a>"</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Altanius" title="Altanius">Altanius</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Altiatlasius" title="Altiatlasius">Altiatlasius</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bownomomys" title="Bownomomys">Bownomomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kohatius (page does not exist)">Kohatius</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microchoerinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microchoerinae (page does not exist)">Microchoerinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indusomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indusomys (page does not exist)">Indusomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melaneremia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melaneremia (page does not exist)">Melaneremia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microchoerus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microchoerus (page does not exist)">Microchoerus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nannopithex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nannopithex (page does not exist)">Nannopithex</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Necrolemur" title="Necrolemur">Necrolemur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paraloris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paraloris (page does not exist)">Paraloris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudoloris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudoloris (page does not exist)">Pseudoloris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quercyloris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quercyloris (page does not exist)">Quercyloris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vectipithex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vectipithex (page does not exist)">Vectipithex</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="/wiki/Anaptomorphinae" title="Anaptomorphinae">Anaptomorphinae</a>"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absarokius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Absarokius (page does not exist)">Absarokius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anaptomorphus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anaptomorphus (page does not exist)">Anaptomorphus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anemorhysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anemorhysis (page does not exist)">Anemorhysis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arapahovius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arapahovius (page does not exist)">Arapahovius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aycrossia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aycrossia (page does not exist)">Aycrossia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlororhysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlororhysis (page does not exist)">Chlororhysis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazinius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gazinius (page does not exist)">Gazinius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudotetonius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudotetonius (page does not exist)">Pseudotetonius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphacorhysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphacorhysis (page does not exist)">Sphacorhysis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strigorhysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strigorhysis (page does not exist)">Strigorhysis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tatmanius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tatmanius (page does not exist)">Tatmanius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teilhardina" title="Teilhardina">Teilhardina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetonius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetonius (page does not exist)">Tetonius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetonoides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetonoides (page does not exist)">Tetonoides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trogolemur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trogolemur (page does not exist)">Trogolemur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walshina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walshina (page does not exist)">Walshina</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Omomyinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omomyinae (page does not exist)">Omomyinae</a>"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ageitodendron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ageitodendron (page does not exist)">Ageitodendron</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asiomomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asiomomys (page does not exist)">Asiomomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brontomomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brontomomys (page does not exist)">Brontomomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chipetaia" title="Chipetaia">Chipetaia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chumashius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chumashius (page does not exist)">Chumashius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diablomomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diablomomys (page does not exist)">Diablomomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyseolemur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyseolemur (page does not exist)">Dyseolemur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekwiiyemakius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekwiiyemakius (page does not exist)">Ekwiiyemakius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunnelltarsius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gunnelltarsius (page does not exist)">Gunnelltarsius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemiacodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemiacodon (page does not exist)">Hemiacodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jemezius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jemezius (page does not exist)">Jemezius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loveina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loveina (page does not exist)">Loveina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macrotarsius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macrotarsius (page does not exist)">Macrotarsius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nesomomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nesomomys (page does not exist)">Nesomomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omomys (page does not exist)">Omomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ourayia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ourayia (page does not exist)">Ourayia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rooneyia" title="Rooneyia">Rooneyia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shoshonius" title="Shoshonius">Shoshonius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steinius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steinius (page does not exist)">Steinius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stockia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stockia (page does not exist)">Stockia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uintanius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uintanius (page does not exist)">Uintanius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utahia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utahia (page does not exist)">Utahia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washakius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Washakius (page does not exist)">Washakius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wyomomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wyomomys (page does not exist)">Wyomomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaquius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaquius (page does not exist)">Yaquius</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarkadectinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarkadectinae (page does not exist)">Tarkadectinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarka_(mammal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarka (mammal) (page does not exist)">Tarka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarkadectes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarkadectes (page does not exist)">Tarkadectes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarkops&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarkops (page does not exist)">Tarkops</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tarsiiformes" title="Tarsiiformes">Tarsiiformes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Archicebus" title="Archicebus">Archicebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><b><a href="/wiki/Afrotarsiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrotarsiidae">Afrotarsiidae</a></b>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><b>"<a href="/wiki/Omomyidae" title="Omomyidae">Omomyidae</a>"</b>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tarsier" title="Tarsier">Tarsiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_tarsier" title="Philippine tarsier">Carlito</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horsfield%27s_tarsier" title="Horsfield's tarsier">Cephalopachus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hesperotarsius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hesperotarsius (page does not exist)">Hesperotarsius</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oligotarsius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oligotarsius (page does not exist)">Oligotarsius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarsius" title="Tarsius">Tarsius</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xanthorhysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xanthorhysis (page does not exist)">Xanthorhysis</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Simian" title="Simian">Simiiformes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TeilhardinaDB15.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Teilhardina sp."><img alt="Teilhardina sp." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/TeilhardinaDB15.jpg/100px-TeilhardinaDB15.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/TeilhardinaDB15.jpg/150px-TeilhardinaDB15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/TeilhardinaDB15.jpg/200px-TeilhardinaDB15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="2362" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Simiiformes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Simian" title="Simian">Simiiformes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Simiiformes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Simian" title="Simian">Simiiformes</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Altiatlasius" title="Altiatlasius">Altiatlasius</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amamria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amamria (page does not exist)">Amamria</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aseanpithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aseanpithecus (page does not exist)">Aseanpithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Nosmips" title="Nosmips">Nosmips</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Phileosimias" title="Phileosimias">Phileosimias</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Afrotarsiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrotarsiidae">Afrotarsiidae</a>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Afrasia_djijidae" title="Afrasia djijidae">Afrasia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Afrotarsius" title="Afrotarsius">Afrotarsius</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Eosimiidae" title="Eosimiidae">Eosimiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahinia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahinia (page does not exist)">Bahinia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eosimias" title="Eosimias">Eosimias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phenacopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phenacopithecus (page does not exist)">Phenacopithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Amphipithecidae" title="Amphipithecidae">Amphipithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amphipithecus" title="Amphipithecus">Amphipithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bugtipithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bugtipithecus (page does not exist)">Bugtipithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ganlea" title="Ganlea">Ganlea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krabia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krabia (page does not exist)">Krabia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myanmarpithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myanmarpithecus (page does not exist)">Myanmarpithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondaungia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pondaungia (page does not exist)">Pondaungia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siamopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siamopithecus (page does not exist)">Siamopithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Parapithecoidea" title="Parapithecoidea">Parapithecoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arsinoea" title="Arsinoea">Arsinoea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biretia" title="Biretia">Biretia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proteopithecidae" title="Proteopithecidae">Proteopithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proteopithecus (page does not exist)">Proteopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serapia_eocaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Serapia eocaena">Serapia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parapithecidae" title="Parapithecidae">Parapithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abuqatrania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abuqatrania (page does not exist)">Abuqatrania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apidium" title="Apidium">Apidium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parapithecus" title="Parapithecus">Parapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qatrania" title="Qatrania">Qatrania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ucayalipithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ucayalipithecus (page does not exist)">Ucayalipithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/New_World_monkey" title="New World monkey">Platyrrhini</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parvimico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parvimico (page does not exist)">Parvimico</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perupithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perupithecus (page does not exist)">Perupithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Szalatavus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Szalatavus (page does not exist)">Szalatavus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Canaanimico" title="Canaanimico">Canaanimico</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Branisella" title="Branisella">Branisella</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Lagonimico" title="Lagonimico">Lagonimico</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aotidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aotidae">Aotidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_monkey" title="Night monkey">Aotus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Tremacebus" title="Tremacebus">Tremacebus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pitheciidae" title="Pitheciidae">Pitheciidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Hispaniola_monkey" title="Hispaniola monkey">Antillothrix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uakari" title="Uakari">Cacajao</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Callicebus" title="Callicebus">Callicebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlocebus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlocebus (page does not exist)">Carlocebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Cebupithecia" title="Cebupithecia">Cebupithecia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cheracebus" title="Cheracebus">Cheracebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bearded_saki" title="Bearded saki">Chiropotes</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Homunculus_patagonicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Homunculus patagonicus">Homunculus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Insulacebus" title="Insulacebus">Insulacebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazzonicebus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazzonicebus (page does not exist)">Mazzonicebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Miocallicebus" title="Miocallicebus">Miocallicebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Nuciruptor" title="Nuciruptor">Nuciruptor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saki_monkey" title="Saki monkey">Pithecia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plecturocebus" title="Plecturocebus">Plecturocebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteropithecia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proteropithecia (page does not exist)">Proteropithecia</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soriacebus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soriacebus (page does not exist)">Soriacebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_monkey" title="Jamaican monkey">Xenothrix</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atelidae" title="Atelidae">Atelidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Howler_monkey" title="Howler monkey">Alouatta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spider_monkey" title="Spider monkey">Ateles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muriqui" title="Muriqui">Brachyteles</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Caipora_bambuiorum" title="Caipora bambuiorum">Caipora</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Cartelles" title="Cartelles">Cartelles</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Chilecebus" title="Chilecebus">Chilecebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woolly_monkey" title="Woolly monkey">Lagothrix</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Mohanamico" title="Mohanamico">Mohanamico</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yellow-tailed_woolly_monkey" title="Yellow-tailed woolly monkey">Oreonax</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Paralouatta" title="Paralouatta">Paralouatta</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Protopithecus" title="Protopithecus">Protopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Solimoea" title="Solimoea">Solimoea</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Stirtonia_(mammal)" title="Stirtonia (mammal)">Stirtonia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cebidae" title="Cebidae">Cebidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Acrecebus" title="Acrecebus">Acrecebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gracile_capuchin_monkey" title="Gracile capuchin monkey">Cebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Dolichocebus" title="Dolichocebus">Dolichocebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Killikaike" title="Killikaike">Killikaike</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Panamacebus" title="Panamacebus">Panamacebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Patasola_magdalenae" title="Patasola magdalenae">Patasola</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Squirrel_monkey" title="Squirrel monkey">Saimiri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Robust_capuchin_monkey" title="Robust capuchin monkey">Sapajus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Callitrichidae" title="Callitrichidae">Callitrichidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Goeldi%27s_marmoset" title="Goeldi's marmoset">Callimico</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Callithrix" title="Callithrix">Callithrix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_marmoset" title="Pygmy marmoset">Cebuella</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saddle-back_tamarin" title="Saddle-back tamarin">Leontocebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lion_tamarin" title="Lion tamarin">Leontopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mico_(genus)" title="Mico (genus)">Mico</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Micodon" title="Micodon">Micodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tamarin" title="Tamarin">Saguinus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Catarrhini" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catarrhini" title="Catarrhini">Catarrhini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EosimiasDB15.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eosimias sinensis"><img alt="Eosimias sinensis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/EosimiasDB15.jpg/140px-EosimiasDB15.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/EosimiasDB15.jpg/210px-EosimiasDB15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/EosimiasDB15.jpg/280px-EosimiasDB15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1721" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Catarrhini" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Catarrhini" title="Catarrhini">Catarrhini</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Catarrhini" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Catarrhini" title="Catarrhini">Catarrhini</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Micropithecus" title="Micropithecus">Micropithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Saadanius" title="Saadanius">Saadanius</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Oligopithecidae" title="Oligopithecidae">Oligopithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Catopithecus" title="Catopithecus">Catopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oligopithecus" title="Oligopithecus">Oligopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talahpithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talahpithecus (page does not exist)">Talahpithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Propliopithecoidea" title="Propliopithecoidea">Propliopithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aegyptopithecus" title="Aegyptopithecus">Aegyptopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Propliopithecus" title="Propliopithecus">Propliopithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Pliopithecoidea" title="Pliopithecoidea">Pliopithecoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krishnapithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krishnapithecus (page does not exist)">Krishnapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paidopithex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paidopithex (page does not exist)">Paidopithex</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Kapi_ramnagarensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapi ramnagarensis">Kapi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pliopithecidae" title="Pliopithecidae">Pliopithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Epipliopithecus" title="Epipliopithecus">Epipliopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pliopithecus" title="Pliopithecus">Pliopithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dionysopithecidae" title="Dionysopithecidae">Dionysopithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dionysopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dionysopithecus (page does not exist)">Dionysopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platodontopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platodontopithecus (page does not exist)">Platodontopithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crouzeliinae" title="Crouzeliinae">Crouzeliidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anapithecus" title="Anapithecus">Anapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barberapithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barberapithecus (page does not exist)">Barberapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crouzelia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crouzelia (page does not exist)">Crouzelia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egarapithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egarapithecus (page does not exist)">Egarapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fanchangia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fanchangia (page does not exist)">Fanchangia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laccopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laccopithecus (page does not exist)">Laccopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plesiopliopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plesiopliopithecus (page does not exist)">Plesiopliopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pliobates" title="Pliobates">Pliobates</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Old_World_monkey" title="Old World monkey">Cercopithecoidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Alophe" title="Alophe">Alophe</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoriapithecidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victoriapithecidae (page does not exist)">Victoriapithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Noropithecus" title="Noropithecus">Noropithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nsungwepithecus" title="Nsungwepithecus">Nsungwepithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohylobates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prohylobates (page does not exist)">Prohylobates</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Victoriapithecus" title="Victoriapithecus">Victoriapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaltanpithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaltanpithecus (page does not exist)">Zaltanpithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colobinae" title="Colobinae">Colobinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Cercopithecoides" title="Cercopithecoides">Cercopithecoides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white_colobus" title="Black-and-white colobus">Colobus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Dolichopithecus" title="Dolichopithecus">Dolichopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuseracolobus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuseracolobus (page does not exist)">Kuseracolobus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Libypithecus" title="Libypithecus">Libypithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Mesopithecus" title="Mesopithecus">Mesopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Microcolobus" title="Microcolobus">Microcolobus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proboscis_monkey" title="Proboscis monkey">Nasalis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Paracolobus" title="Paracolobus">Paracolobus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Parapresbytis" title="Parapresbytis">Parapresbytis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_colobus" title="Red colobus">Piliocolobus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Presbytis" title="Presbytis">Presbytis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Olive_colobus" title="Olive colobus">Procolobus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Douc" title="Douc">Pygathrix</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Rhinocolobus" title="Rhinocolobus">Rhinocolobus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Snub-nosed_monkey" title="Snub-nosed monkey">Rhinopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sawecolobus" title="Sawecolobus">Sawecolobus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Semnopithecus" title="Semnopithecus">Semnopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pig-tailed_langur" title="Pig-tailed langur">Simias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trachypithecus" title="Trachypithecus">Trachypithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cercopithecinae" title="Cercopithecinae">Cercopithecinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cercopithecini" title="Cercopithecini">Cercopithecini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Allen%27s_swamp_monkey" title="Allen's swamp monkey">Allenopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Allochrocebus" title="Allochrocebus">Allochrocebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guenon" title="Guenon">Cercopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chlorocebus" title="Chlorocebus">Chlorocebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erythrocebus" title="Erythrocebus">Erythrocebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Talapoin" title="Talapoin">Miopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanopithecus (page does not exist)">Nanopithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papionini" title="Papionini">Papionini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/White-eyelid_mangabey" title="White-eyelid mangabey">Cercocebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Dinopithecus" title="Dinopithecus">Dinopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Gorgopithecus" title="Gorgopithecus">Gorgopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crested_mangabey" title="Crested mangabey">Lophocebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macaque" title="Macaque">Macaca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandrillus" title="Mandrillus">Mandrillus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baboon" title="Baboon">Papio</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Paradolichopithecus" title="Paradolichopithecus">Paradolichopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Parapapio" title="Parapapio">Parapapio</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pliopapio" title="Pliopapio">Pliopapio</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Procercocebus" title="Procercocebus">Procercocebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procynocephalus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procynocephalus (page does not exist)">Procynocephalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kipunji" title="Kipunji">Rungwecebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soromandrillus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soromandrillus (page does not exist)">Soromandrillus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theropithecus" title="Theropithecus">Theropithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hominoidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ape" title="Ape">Hominoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aegyptopithecus_NT.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aegyptopithecus zeuxis"><img alt="Aegyptopithecus zeuxis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Aegyptopithecus_NT.jpg/140px-Aegyptopithecus_NT.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Aegyptopithecus_NT.jpg/210px-Aegyptopithecus_NT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Aegyptopithecus_NT.jpg/280px-Aegyptopithecus_NT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="379" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Hominoidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ape" title="Ape">Hominoidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hominoidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Ape" title="Ape">Hominoidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Afropithecus" title="Afropithecus">Afropithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Ekembo" title="Ekembo">Ekembo</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Equatorius" title="Equatorius">Equatorius</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Griphopithecus" title="Griphopithecus">Griphopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Kamoyapithecus" title="Kamoyapithecus">Kamoyapithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Kenyapithecus" title="Kenyapithecus">Kenyapithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Morotopithecus" title="Morotopithecus">Morotopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Nacholapithecus" title="Nacholapithecus">Nacholapithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Otavipithecus" title="Otavipithecus">Otavipithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Proconsul_(mammal)" title="Proconsul (mammal)">Proconsul</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Samburupithecus" title="Samburupithecus">Samburupithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Dendropithecidae" title="Dendropithecidae">Dendropithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dendropithecus" title="Dendropithecus">Dendropithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Micropithecus" title="Micropithecus">Micropithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nyanzapithecus" title="Nyanzapithecus">Nyanzapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oreopithecus" title="Oreopithecus">Oreopithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rangwapithecus" title="Rangwapithecus">Rangwapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rukwapithecus" title="Rukwapithecus">Rukwapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Simiolus" title="Simiolus">Simiolus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkanapithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkanapithecus (page does not exist)">Turkanapithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gibbon" title="Gibbon">Hylobatidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Bunopithecus" title="Bunopithecus">Bunopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hoolock_gibbon" title="Hoolock gibbon">Hoolock</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hylobates" title="Hylobates">Hylobates</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Junzi_imperialis" title="Junzi imperialis">Junzi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nomascus" title="Nomascus">Nomascus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siamang" title="Siamang">Symphalangus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Yuanmoupithecus" title="Yuanmoupithecus">Yuanmoupithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hominidae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Buronius" title="Buronius">Buronius</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Graecopithecus" title="Graecopithecus">Graecopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Nakalipithecus" title="Nakalipithecus">Nakalipithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Ouranopithecus" title="Ouranopithecus">Ouranopithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ponginae" title="Ponginae">Ponginae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Ankarapithecus" title="Ankarapithecus">Ankarapithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Gigantopithecus" title="Gigantopithecus">Gigantopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Indopithecus" title="Indopithecus">Indopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Khoratpithecus" title="Khoratpithecus">Khoratpithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Lufengpithecus" title="Lufengpithecus">Lufengpithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Meganthropus" title="Meganthropus">Meganthropus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">Pongo</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sivapithecus" title="Sivapithecus">Sivapithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae">Homininae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Dryopithecini" title="Dryopithecini">Dryopithecini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anoiapithecus" title="Anoiapithecus">Anoiapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Danuvius_guggenmosi" title="Danuvius guggenmosi">Danuvius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dryopithecus" title="Dryopithecus">Dryopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hispanopithecus" title="Hispanopithecus">Hispanopithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pierolapithecus" title="Pierolapithecus">Pierolapithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rudapithecus" title="Rudapithecus">Rudapithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gorillini" title="Gorillini">Gorillini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Chororapithecus" title="Chororapithecus">Chororapithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">Gorilla</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Nakalipithecus" title="Nakalipithecus">Nakalipithecus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pan_(genus)" title="Pan (genus)">Pan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hominina" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominina">Hominina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus" title="Ardipithecus">Ardipithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus">Australopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Graecopithecus" title="Graecopithecus">Graecopithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">Homo</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Kenyanthropus" title="Kenyanthropus">Kenyanthropus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Orrorin" title="Orrorin">Orrorin</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sahelanthropus" title="Sahelanthropus">Sahelanthropus</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus" title="Paranthropus">Paranthropus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gigantopithecus.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Gigantopithecus blacki"><img alt="Gigantopithecus blacki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gigantopithecus.png/140px-Gigantopithecus.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gigantopithecus.png/210px-Gigantopithecus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gigantopithecus.png/280px-Gigantopithecus.png 2x" data-file-width="2634" data-file-height="2123" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Hominidae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635162" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q635162">Q635162</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hominidae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Hominidae">Hominidae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Hominidae/">Hominidae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=1007">1007</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6256T">6256T</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/1653">1653</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1HOMXF">1HOMXF</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5483">5483</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/43575">43575</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=104701">104701</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=180090">180090</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=12100786">12100786</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0000376765">NHMSYS0000376765</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=9604">9604</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/02719e92-1dfa-4e2c-8fb1-3ccde4e4b2ac">02719e92-1dfa-4e2c-8fb1-3ccde4e4b2ac</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=770311">770311</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=40899">40899</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1455975">1455975</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ZooBank" title="ZooBank">ZooBank</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/76721B68-0861-469D-B09D-FED5445765B4">76721B68-0861-469D-B09D-FED5445765B4</a></span></span></li></ul> 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report\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 20,\n [\"Clade\"] = 24,\n [\"Clarify\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 2,\n [\"DentalFormula\"] = 1,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Failed verification\"] = 1,\n [\"For\"] = 1,\n [\"Fossil range\"] = 1,\n [\"Haplorhini\"] = 1,\n [\"Hominidae nav\"] = 1,\n [\"Human timeline\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 2,\n [\"MSW3 Groves\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"More citations needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"NoteFoot\"] = 1,\n [\"NoteTag\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-semi-indef\"] = 1,\n [\"Primates\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect-multi\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Taxonbar\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Who\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikibooks\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikispecies\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 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