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</div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Rechercher</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Navigation utilisateur"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Toxandrie</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> région au nord de la Gaule romaine </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toxandrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Langue" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Langue</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=Toxandrie&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Suivre</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Toxandrie&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Modifier</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Cet article concerne une ancienne région de la Gaule romaine. Pour la zone de secours de la province d'Anvers, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zone_de_secours_Toxandrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zone de secours Toxandrie">Zone de secours Toxandrie</a>. Pour le long métrage d'animation, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taxandria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taxandria">Taxandria</a>.</p> </div> </div> <p>La <b>Toxandrie</b> ou <b>Taxandrie</b> est une région au nord de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaule_romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaule romaine">Gaule romaine</a>, dont l'emplacement serait la région sablonneuse comprise entre l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escaut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escaut">Escaut</a> et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meuse_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meuse (fleuve)">Meuse</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Campine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Campine">Campine</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Duch%C3%A9_de_Brabant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Duché de Brabant">Brabant</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province_de_Limbourg_(Belgique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province de Limbourg (Belgique)">Limbourg</a>), qui correspond à l’actuel <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brabant-Septentrional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brabant-Septentrional">Brabant-du-Nord</a> néerlandais et en partie les provinces <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_de_Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Royaume de Belgique">belges</a> d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province_d%27Anvers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province d'Anvers">Anvers</a> et Limbourg.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Toxandria_919-1125.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Toxandria_919-1125.jpg/220px-Toxandria_919-1125.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Toxandria_919-1125.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="281"></a> <figcaption> La Toxandria 919-1125 </figcaption> </figure> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Toxandrie&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Selon <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lucien_Musset?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lucien Musset">Lucien Musset</a>, elle peut correspondre à la zone du peuple des <i>Texandri</i>, situé par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pline_l%27Ancien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pline l'Ancien">Pline l'Ancien</a> à l'ouest de l'Escaut, ou à la <i>Texandria</i>, citée au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IXe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IXe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="9ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a> comme étant au nord-est d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anvers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anvers">Anvers</a>.</p> <p>C'est la région où s'installèrent des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francs_saliens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francs saliens">Francs saliens</a> combattus par l'empereur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constant_Ier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constant Ier">Constant <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a> entre 340 et 350, puis admis sur ce territoire avec un statut de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peuple_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9r%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peuple fédéré">peuple fédéré</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Libanios?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Libanios">Libanios</a>, <i>or</i>, LIX, 127). Cet îlot franc à l'intérieur de l'Empire romain resta mal soumis, et en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/358?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="358">358</a> l'empereur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Julien_(empereur_romain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Julien (empereur romain)">Julien</a> dut après son intervention militaire reconnaître l'installation d'autres émigrés Francs saliens en Toxandrie (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ammien_Marcellin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ammien Marcellin">Ammien Marcellin</a>).</p> <p>Au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haut_Moyen_%C3%82ge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haut Moyen Âge">haut Moyen Âge</a>, la Toxandrie devint un <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pagus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pagus">pagus</a></i>, puis un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comt%C3%A9_(domaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comté (domaine)">comté</a>. Celui-ci correspondait, dans sa majeure partie, à la région <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Campine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Campine">campinienne</a> ; il était limité au nord par la Meuse, à l'ouest par l'Escaut, au sud par la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dyle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dyle">Dyle</a> ; à l'est il ne paraît pas s'être étendu au-delà des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marais">marais</a> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peel_(Pays-Bas)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peel (Pays-Bas)">Peel</a>, qui le séparait du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Masau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Masau">Masau</a>.</p> <p>On remarquera que la partie occidentale de ce territoire avait été, à l'époque romaine, comprise dans la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civitas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Civitas">civitas</a></i> des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nerviens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nerviens">Nerviens</a>, tandis que le reste de la Campine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province_d%27Anvers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province d'Anvers">anversoise</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province_de_Limbourg_(Belgique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province de Limbourg (Belgique)">limbourgeoise</a> appartenait aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89burons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éburons">Éburons</a>. Aussi l'organisation ecclésiastique laissa-t-elle toujours le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doyenn%C3%A9_(christianisme)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Doyenné (christianisme)">doyenné</a> d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anvers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anvers">Anvers</a> à l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dioc%C3%A8se_de_Cambrai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocèse de Cambrai">évêché de Cambrai</a>, alors que les autres doyennés qui se partageaient la Toxandrie relevaient de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dioc%C3%A8se_de_Li%C3%A8ge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diocèse de Liège">Liège</a>. Le doyenné d'Anvers s'étendait à l'est jusqu'à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turnhout?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turnhout">Turnhout</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geel">Geel</a>, au sud jusqu'à la Dyle, au nord il était limité par une ligne passant au-dessus de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wortel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wortel">Wortel</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hoogstraten?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hoogstraten">Hoogstraten</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brecht_(Belgique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brecht (Belgique)">Brecht</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%27s-Gravenwezel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="'s-Gravenwezel">'s-Gravenwezel</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wilmarsdonk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wilmarsdonk">Wilmarsdonk</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stabroek_(Belgique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stabroek (Belgique)">Stabroek</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zandvliet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Zandvliet">Zandvliet</a>.</p> <p>L'occupation <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francs">franque</a>, qui fut plus intense dans le nord de l'actuelle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgique">Belgique</a> n'avait pas tenu compte de cet état des choses et elle avait réuni en un seul gouvernement toute la région sablonneuse. Cependant une trace de la subdivision primitive se retrouve dans le fait que la doyenné d'Anvers continua à former un petit <i>pagus</i> distinct : le <i>pagus Renensium</i> (ou <i>pagus Riensis</i>, <i>Rien</i>). Ce territoire était toutefois englobé au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IXe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IXe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="9ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a> dans le comté de Toxandrie.</p> <p>Il est permis de conjecturer qu'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vrard_de_Frioul?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évrard de Frioul">Évrard de Frioul</a> fut titulaire du comté dans la première moitié du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IXe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IXe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="9ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a> ; mais à partir de cette date jusque vers la fin du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="10ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">X</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a> nous ne connaissons aucun de ses successeurs.</p> <p>À la fin du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="10ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">X</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ansfrid_le_Jeune?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansfrid le Jeune">Ansfrid</a>, le futur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_%C3%A9v%C3%AAques_d%27Utrecht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des évêques d'Utrecht">évêque d'Utrecht</a> est comte de Toxandrie. Lorsqu'il se décida à accepter le siège d'Utrecht, il ne tarda pas à renoncer à ses bénéfices temporels. Dès <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/995?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="995">995</a> son <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comt%C3%A9_de_Huy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comté de Huy">comté de Huy</a> était transporté à l'église de Liège. Vers la même époque (entre 995 et 1008) il dispose de ses alleux du <i>pagus Renensium</i> (à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Westerlo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Westerlo">Westerlo</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Olen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Olen">Olen</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bouwel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bouwel">Bouwel</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Westmeerbeek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Westmeerbeek">Westmeerbeek</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hombeek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hombeek">Hombeek</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deurne_(Anvers)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deurne (Anvers)">Deurne</a>) en faveur de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Principaut%C3%A9_d%27Utrecht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Principauté d'Utrecht">église d'Utrecht</a>.</p> <p>Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teisterbant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teisterbant">Teisterbant</a> aussi, qui lui avait appartenu, passa à ce moment à son cousin <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Unroch&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Unroch (page inexistante)">Unroch</a>, non sans qu'une notable portion n'en fût distraite en faveur de l'église d'Utrecht.</p> <p>Le comté de Toxandrie n'apparaît plus dès lors sous ce nom ; dès le début du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XIe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XIe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="11ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_II_du_Saint-Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri II du Saint-Empire">Henri II</a> avait créé à ses dépens la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marche_d%27Anvers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Marche d'Anvers">marche d'Anvers</a> et en avait confié la garde à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gothelon_Ier_de_Lotharingie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gothelon Ier de Lotharingie">Gothelon</a>, l'un des plus jeunes fils de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Godefroy_Ier_de_Verdun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Godefroy Ier de Verdun">Godefroid de Verdun</a>. Ce <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marquisat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marquisat">marquisat</a> tel qu'il exista dans les siècles suivants n'embrassait pas la Campine limbourgeoise et ne dépassait pas <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herentals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Herentals">Herentals</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geel">Geel</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turnhout?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turnhout">Turnhout</a>.</p> <p>Il y a donc de fortes probabilités que l'héritage d'Ansfrid fut ici, comme ailleurs, partagé entre ses collatéraux.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Personnalités"><span id="Personnalit.C3.A9s"></span>Personnalités</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Toxandrie&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Personnalités" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marcomir_de_Toxandrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marcomir de Toxandrie">Marcomir de Toxandrie</a> (ca. 220-281)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gennobaud_(IIIe_si%C3%A8cle)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gennobaud (IIIe siècle)">Gennobaud <abbr class="abbr" title="1"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span></abbr> de Toxandrie</a> (mort en 289)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clodion_le_Chevelu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clodion le Chevelu">Clodion le Chevelu</a> (ca. 390-450)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ansfrid_d%27Utrecht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ansfrid d'Utrecht">Ansfrid d'Utrecht</a> (mort en 1010)</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Toxandrie&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Petit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Petit">Paul Petit</a>, <i>Histoire générale de l’Empire romain</i>, Seuil, 1974, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2020026775?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2020026775"><span class="nowrap">2020026775</span></a>)</small></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lucien_Musset?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lucien Musset">Lucien Musset</a>, <i>Les invasions, les vagues germaniques</i>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presses_universitaires_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Presses universitaires de France">PUF</a>, collection Nouvelle Clio – l’histoire et ses problèmes, Paris, 1965, <abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr> édition 1969</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Vanderkindere1902"><span class="ouvrage" id="Léon_Vanderkindere1902"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Vanderkindere?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Léon Vanderkindere">Léon Vanderkindere</a>, <cite class="italique">La Formation territoriale des principautés belges au Moyen Âge</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> II, Bruxelles, H. Lamertin, <time>1902</time> (<abbr class="abbr" title="réimpression">réimpr.</abbr> 1981), 469 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://digistore.bib.ulb.ac.be/2006/DL2632839_002_f.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">119-127</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Formation+territoriale+des+principaut%C3%A9s+belges+au+Moyen+%C3%82ge&rft.place=Bruxelles&rft.pub=H.+Lamertin&rft.aulast=Vanderkindere&rft.aufirst=L%C3%A9on&rft.date=1902&rft.volume=II&rft.pages=119-127&rft.tpages=469&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AToxandrie"></span></span></span></li> </ul> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Haut_Moyen_%C3%82ge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail du haut Moyen Âge"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Charlemagne_autograph.svg/28px-Charlemagne_autograph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="509"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 24px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Charlemagne_autograph.svg/28px-Charlemagne_autograph.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="28" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Charlemagne_autograph.svg/42px-Charlemagne_autograph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Charlemagne_autograph.svg/55px-Charlemagne_autograph.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Haut_Moyen_%C3%82ge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Haut Moyen Âge">Portail du haut Moyen Âge</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:R%C3%A9gion_flamande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la Région flamande"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Flanders.svg/33px-Flag_of_Flanders.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="627"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 33px;height: 22px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Flanders.svg/33px-Flag_of_Flanders.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="33" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Flanders.svg/50px-Flag_of_Flanders.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Flanders.svg/66px-Flag_of_Flanders.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:R%C3%A9gion_flamande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Région flamande">Portail de la Région flamande</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Rome_antique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la Rome antique"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/17px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="343"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 24px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/17px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="17" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/26px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/34px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Rome_antique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Rome antique">Portail de la Rome antique</a></span> • <span class="bandeau-sous-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Rome_antique/Empire_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Rome antique/Empire romain">section <b>Empire romain</b></a></span></span></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" 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</div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxandri%25C3%25AB" title="Toxandrië – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Toxandrië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Токсандрия – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Токсандрия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxandrie" title="Toxandrie – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Toxandrie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxandrien" title="Toxandrien – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Toxandrien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxandrien" title="Toxandrien – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Toxandrien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texandria" title="Texandria – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Texandria" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxandria" title="Toxandria – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Toxandria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxandria" title="Toxandria – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Toxandria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxandri%25C3%25AB" title="Toxandrië – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Toxandrië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxandrien" title="Toxandrien – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Toxandrien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxandri%25C3%25AB" title="Toxandrië – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toxandrië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tox%25C3%25A2ndria" title="Toxândria – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Toxândria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Токсандрия – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Токсандрия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toksandrija" title="Toksandrija – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Toksandrija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxandrien" title="Toxandrien – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Toxandrien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 8 novembre 2024 à 11:33.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Le contenu est disponible sous licence <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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