CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135880d1be74d9f',cH: 'R964W1U4nvUAHgh68OQnnohcAVKCyg4pGCzcp9gTQ5A-1739792729-1.2.1.1-yC.LWmF3H1yhLTa1hcPMl9QXNMBogKeAStzTIYg2CXyKSeg.DPb.N9ZUerZO4OKU',cUPMDTk: "\/10006631\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=A9cpx_zuyD5hVQ_5n2ClBhb4u0yYL1Pne1qm8f5Hk3g-1739792729-1.0.1.1-MAuu_iWNVE6bYyKVFMD2Wz01cS4Tsrzj8uVPwwkxlws",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739792729',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10006631\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=A9cpx_zuyD5hVQ_5n2ClBhb4u0yYL1Pne1qm8f5Hk3g-1739792729-1.0.1.1-MAuu_iWNVE6bYyKVFMD2Wz01cS4Tsrzj8uVPwwkxlws",md: "Y64P.NCRPUs2RCrKI8vnft.kiZN4oA9XIp8sn7R2MnI-1739792729-1.2.1.1-XAuQH8hO8Uuu1ICRdzPResXyAI_AP.J7rWmARAJEOJxI8M9korF1haLxhL9rMlUEEXk5bF9_ui3N03NMKtREJXDd3TjY6N_5J875K36wFFu3g9jiHfDBJk4ZLI_uXPX0QjN7TtTHyOygfhsRHj8JiV5spUEpKBsAHnBP2qJkD6S766gm.771fFhYl3HGix6O_BcwMfnv2T61Arrdckt5ewPiTVbudo9tnkIx5sFJC2rKQ2elQkFjoOB6mLS.ZzDfrteh.7iebg_yWCoC7Qc8mH_IsFLV1ua7aCAqerwMlxqeNqTJwFCxZI455SDJkw8uYWChNLDWJbKgvt3NZj7g4O9caHAxjoyWaeZo1mhloqfbi8hNd_pTBCOFeDvei5y6STPLmQYOld_FByJzDUXGt3ViaercJTgIbN0mLa8m9xxFR6Jfo07nzwH7Gsf0CHQNC8xMuRHeLYl6Foc6ffRYS9xojD39CFZW5lxhiR1oZO8LDWcg7D0d_tWijACNYAylQOZC9I3W._rOwu9gpUmGQVGS1oA3F4ARHAF8dxPSTI036KpA60DhNfMXPCEehhUwY65CRlQ3qMcly00KEzlyLvV6OChm_ToQ6ZsVdBp83Ko1TFAnjAVTdLrU4gmj7lZ4uynR5sWVSgfB5JdttLCPg5V3leMOj8RCuhAHimbRlkPN.zstlKRlPGT5U2TMTsf_Pdul8USqsBhZ4PN7M5.AI2N33cPMiRC_XvjBn0UVU3yt.S6XB5f2r7BVTps3f4Vmb160qZXcii_w69LmkilAbzv1LDAmhdGnyoZGpNEhMhP7DtyJ4CM.SfbaF8jRX4sbZPZT128te7381EGYwK76ZRty_cIILgwoA7gq86SkkwwbmHeISB5lGZtnzRmLXH5nJV0SzfYh6Br14Xai8yuhpLBlVHKmcCmJDtDLDF7GV.zTRCl49Kdz9_QYaNbkXMKC2bMWKtHmZ4BU8YwwbpX2Q56dA.w4muqDDOEn7vYR092fDWX.QsQq.8RandsQ7.UPutlcR36IM2EzCsxuT_iBxpOgzGq4YiA4IwsFB_0GEOK69JXaX1sQjCkvQ939LHrA6XR2peEp7hUu_cCJ6XINBDZ4jRcjNBU8fv2X1s7P3RgbdfNIND2NH8PvINQwZI8XDvU7WTgvsA1puTAFn4PdGdGvM6cZoQRnENl90Njboy4upNL8Ax83rnHqrZI.A8CudzFbupl6O5zZwKcqv87hDajyj3gZGfTu9y5y0M.lH4URqudL5f9Y38fp_O_He_ZJ4wQ9OKe.jgDV3xP8Rt0YQwl9z0QBh08f52BHodZEozOrQRSIkBO6K56KmrSeONLfrQ2rloycslKX.mpQP5Yd3RYIeQSqW5_DkmrGncEjM6dgVdxAg6YWqbDypoGNPZ5Z4Lx5kL75_foyHLahR5LBZc_oadlDSxJYN9W..3GCy0wXwXJQ9Kw3Ivq2XEWMpfI4caTE92jPYOhRiMXjIKQlzBIGO8rsC.HapS2E8RmSkaiZ7Gg93ejErMOIJn5UKnhfrYwyRR_BQ2N7P5KmSjDh3dyIeIy5A1pX6Nahe9jY00pnfIq1QcOqJD1NpPz5ojU.iIpgYeZY0yn7zizT0gS6TB3MBkFkFMxTu0TIRcjwZlLXgFWgpKF5ua7AykhKsGmBZ0Qmc5jd4lXbTRsBt5ooGdKiQSmhQGi_H5CxANcFCDRPHbg42NVw9LkaFbr0CJuZx0JJDxqbBJnWUk2pNVS4cWqXnkFv8Hd4rNzgzcS9XB3ITVDul1LcorIYDWjJ0PQ6Rf_nfn3qvL6CplY3irQwDl2tBonGUoZDAwXWrsrRZg2Z0Tptbuh0CJAjfhnzHyP801jWcskd.XZeT8jXE8ixxMVT.0gTtzEIMp8pXFymNyg",mdrd: "jOHRiGYnrd1LRYHFwfG1w03.ipndysWKHMzoR.rsV1w-1739792729-1.2.1.1-DC9tL_UBNi1OnSpfZJtzEb57.DaASJTyAtGH1YHmP3dpm1ITTxmCVMlskOUOww4tbV4mHhZjQ1SNQloeRRpa4yiF01_zYP.IPP_R3ANr0GAQfXAoyYEZ8Vu3DrsqK0jY5eoKdGuR4rb4OQPz9BT0N4bbM2VPG6BDxgE2g5FVIQzs4jouPFxPfHYQpmCM9Rnxgpy.1ZrwH5ymeXe032LCtLzhCQXvi_dn6bLGs4CkcOKzrRUBUhNneaEd8sB47ayxzwxIYyPKV8sq77Q5d5F5Pr_a7eRzfOXZfVF1AeZtHuzD2MjaVOzOzFR.TA0Tf_pLuGSsBk_0p_AA_Q4FFXDpE4gaZuaTF0LuPBwVzjM4vk90Ykp405Dfs0b8zhaCL6JtMOPS1jSsz3lVTTrKC7khJ4T6S4ia6G348rqM5In08yNOkHL2a0oxWWHTwGhOq7UO4XFjMrIyfMVPWFu.XzTh2qpM0r6dOehJ0_6J3xmnfoLySW5QNM5xBmSs8BqnykgJF9oY2FclWawL6kDDg0XVK7H8.ZI_pbh42JUco2AyXS6RGg1gADH.9VS.R1ytK5mTF48wXGFqjsgiJA4QjHvsVAZDwDi.i0OtmKnXYedDhxXmZv_rRCHtDjbGQYX39mgNCc8dkCl1aVb94Fx1Z_rb6gCI6QjDZF2CqkegMQCUL0_C6Ife2MeUX5kA9uIVDCs4ISsM0SodX82ry6_YZ4Q5XTdziQ_rw3MEvkmjxLzTfi0ihOMIYlSGbFzQFy5T_sl4g91nP6jWOA5CzEN4iLElCNycRSpCgprH5pG3C4NGPKMptGT6y6yGiZxIbuee9PNF1tNL9lNJ7fpQeBwXOZpbwNR2h6mw_AT39LtI.4uXRGQUbI_F2I2dHehqORhcldh0vqprpOqirV1Ks8yb8upzXNfLrViOtfSYjIz3OCAE26xBcuSfX9zC3UkS8Lpf8pta7rlyLzosKUopID0lWEHo13En4UnW5jTl6TZ.K07rv0dkACy_.hoACcrNLkjtMpZArC1K68j5faRGk6PD4QxuZocpS2XHGLrAEQd9i2gC8bXPvnNc2CEi9c9ODxx1VUFaAkghAmr4ce0NfaAuz0VqQaO_HXBT3jLoAucAAEgsxvs7FZCkuvKbozaKbjZouTVkRx6_lugq4IXafDMUJEWMpuy0w2.so6lYj4FOLWYq7FSQt7XZYYMlMfge2YgLkmP8mXQEy28tCRwmDbKUozcd45VNvYWvmBTPma1oLjSkdU_LiLeQZ3h3z4BqW7P93OS7CcES3ectE.7tZSBXGGlDNP6EFBCbFrJFqaWJQp8nylmV.9IOOe3uqPy75Vg9n45fGz4ufCYrz9oudEqwJGv3g9NT2vwwUMl6qnQbmGwfog6domP9sNcn8nUFudwldAuFlv0twJZKLMJN5HiAuTNs2sCCkLlNBbbHuBpPwfme7KkMMKRVaMPkdkVwAxsDlBxN6kqi5ijxPwFLKj_SQKJM.wO28qay1E8UUD07lmUFZ_cHva8hHIJRaBCn2rs3DwrbaQcGA3bhRrNPzdcTiUWlCY2MPXEOrC5MyGxtCw30Uy2s.htTYu2NppMAZ9gpJz4DhCnmn7pn18v0bk30svtskrQTtcFoALxVd_8W3objQvhHgHJWvpp43LYNhCDdWdi.LqvCshdYai3kKrekA6wbMzg5Mv9r.lMw1_8FoglJ6rQaSjg_7nLt6WYUVLydndhBjXhdB6AeRv6owIDpt4CZIppLxMU0tJEHSirH9EPjvu.dYcb3cVnyKpm.kpiISENQFGh1oq7vh9JNxfhn3M1Snrlvy4JDQvBYS.daLihZCjaktrIAsGHL48FAA44XIpkcUPcaoitT31Yx_5rH1CNv1hKbHQ3Ya5sPnvEcKx9xahPZB0ENMZehZMiKzhAVINd0nX5XdB4z40snjhVj6J9Tgor9y8T8d2dU2kxoq75PLkDxtrn_OhoHeU353u2d32qF"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135880d1be74d9f';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10006631\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=A9cpx_zuyD5hVQ_5n2ClBhb4u0yYL1Pne1qm8f5Hk3g-1739792729-1.0.1.1-MAuu_iWNVE6bYyKVFMD2Wz01cS4Tsrzj8uVPwwkxlws" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>