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id="toc-Seaport,_slave_trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seaport,_slave_trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Seaport, slave trade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seaport,_slave_trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Colonial times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biafra_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biafra_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Biafra War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biafra_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Margaret_Ekpo_Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Margaret_Ekpo_Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Margaret Ekpo Airport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Margaret_Ekpo_Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Old_Harbour_and_the_New_Harbour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Old_Harbour_and_the_New_Harbour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>The Old Harbour and the New Harbour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Old_Harbour_and_the_New_Harbour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourist_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourist_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tourist attractions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourist_attractions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tourist attractions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tourist_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Slave_History_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slave_History_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Slave History Museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slave_History_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Museum_resp._Old_Residency_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Museum_resp._Old_Residency_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>National Museum resp. Old Residency Museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Museum_resp._Old_Residency_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mary_Slessor's_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mary_Slessor's_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Mary Slessor's House</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mary_Slessor's_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_/_Resorts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_/_Resorts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Parks / Resorts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_/_Resorts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Millennium_Park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Millennium_Park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Millennium Park</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Millennium_Park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tortuga_Island" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tortuga_Island"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Tortuga Island</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tortuga_Island-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tinapa_Resort_and_Monorail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tinapa_Resort_and_Monorail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Tinapa Resort and Monorail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tinapa_Resort_and_Monorail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Drill_Rehabilitation_Centre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Drill_Rehabilitation_Centre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>The Drill Rehabilitation Centre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Drill_Rehabilitation_Centre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_vicinity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_vicinity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>In the vicinity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_vicinity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kwa_Falls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kwa_Falls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Kwa Falls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kwa_Falls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ibeno_Beach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ibeno_Beach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2</span> <span>Ibeno Beach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ibeno_Beach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cross_River_National_Park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cross_River_National_Park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3</span> <span>Cross River National Park</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cross_River_National_Park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Festivals subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Carnival_in_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carnival_in_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Carnival in December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carnival_in_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naval_base" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval_base"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Naval base</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naval_base-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-University" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>University</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cadet_School" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cadet_School"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Cadet School</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cadet_School-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_school_with_tradition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_school_with_tradition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>High school with tradition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_school_with_tradition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hospitals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hospitals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Hospitals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hospitals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_authority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_authority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Political authority</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_authority-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political authority subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_authority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Traditional_authority_of_Calabar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_authority_of_Calabar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Traditional authority of Calabar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_authority_of_Calabar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calabar_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calabar_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Calabar people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calabar_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Calabar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="كالابار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كالابار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="کالابار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کالابار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Калабар – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Калабар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar_(kapital_sa_estado)" title="Calabar (kapital sa estado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Calabar (kapital sa estado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar_(Stadt)" title="Calabar (Stadt) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Calabar (Stadt)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalabaro" title="Kalabaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kalabaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="کالابار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کالابار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalaba" title="Kalaba – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Kalaba" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B4" title="칼라바르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칼라바르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalaba" title="Kalaba – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kalaba" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Քալաբար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քալաբար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalabaras" title="Kalabaras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kalabaras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%90%E3%83%AB" title="カラバル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カラバル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar_(Nigeeria)" title="Calabar (Nigeeria) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Calabar (Nigeeria)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar_(miasto)" title="Calabar (miasto) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Calabar (miasto)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar_(Nig%C3%A9ria)" title="Calabar (Nigéria) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Calabar (Nigéria)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Калабар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Калабар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Калабар – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Калабар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="کالابار – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کالابار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94" title="卡拉巴尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡拉巴尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabar" title="Calabar – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Calabar" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q844091#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Calabar" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Calabar" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Calabar&params=04_58_36_N_08_20_18_E_region:NG_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">04°58′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">08°20′18″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">4.97667°N 8.33833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">4.97667; 8.33833</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city of Cross River State, Nigeria</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Calabar_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Calabar (disambiguation)">Calabar (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Cross River, Nigeria</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Calabar</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Kingdom of Calabar</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hand_sculpture_roundabout,_Calabar,_Cross_River_state2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Giant Hand Sculptures near National Museum, Calabar."><img alt="Giant Hand Sculptures near National Museum, Calabar." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Hand_sculpture_roundabout%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state2.jpg/250px-Hand_sculpture_roundabout%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Hand_sculpture_roundabout%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state2.jpg/500px-Hand_sculpture_roundabout%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="665" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Giant Hand Sculptures near National Museum, Calabar.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nigeria_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Calabar is located in Nigeria"><img alt="Calabar is located in Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nigeria_location_map.svg/250px-Nigeria_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nigeria_location_map.svg/500px-Nigeria_location_map.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="954" data-file-height="734" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:90.233%;left:48.756%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Calabar"><img alt="Calabar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Calabar</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Nigeria</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Nigeria</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Africa_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Calabar is located in Africa"><img alt="Calabar is located in Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Africa_location_map.svg/250px-Africa_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Africa_location_map.svg/500px-Africa_location_map.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.631%;left:40.614%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Calabar"><img alt="Calabar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Calabar</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Calabar (Africa)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Africa</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Calabar&params=04_58_36_N_08_20_18_E_region:NG_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">04°58′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">08°20′18″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">4.97667°N 8.33833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">4.97667; 8.33833</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/60px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Nigeria" title="States of Nigeria">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cross_River_State" title="Cross River State">Cross River</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">406 km<sup>2</sup> (157 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">32 m (105 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2006)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">371,022</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2022)</div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">571,500</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">910/km<sup>2</sup> (2,400/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP (PPP, 2015 int. Dollar)</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Year</th><td class="infobox-data">2023</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">$4.8 billion<sup id="cite_ref-TelluBase_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TelluBase-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">$7,300</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/West_Africa_Time" title="West Africa Time">WAT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Climate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_monsoon_climate" title="Tropical monsoon climate">Am</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Calabar</b> (also referred to as <b>Callabar</b>, <b>Calabari</b>, <b>Calbari, Cali</b> and <b>Kalabar</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-overview_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-overview-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Cross_River_State" title="Cross River State">Cross River State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>. It was originally named <b>Akwa Akpa</b>, in the <a href="/wiki/Efik_language" title="Efik language">Efik language</a>, as the <a href="/wiki/Efik_people" title="Efik people">Efik people</a> dominate this area.<sup id="cite_ref-afigbo_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afigbo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Calabar_River" title="Calabar River">Calabar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_Kwa_River" title="Great Kwa River">Great Kwa</a> rivers, and the creeks of the <a href="/wiki/Cross_River_(Nigeria)" title="Cross River (Nigeria)">Cross River</a> (from its inland delta). </p><p>Calabar was once described as the <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a> capital of Nigeria,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially due to several initiatives implemented during the administration of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Duke" title="Donald Duke">Donald Duke</a> as the Governor of Cross River State (1999–2007). The city became the cleanest and most environmentally friendly city in Nigeria.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Administratively, the city is divided into <a href="/wiki/Calabar_Municipal" title="Calabar Municipal">Calabar Municipal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calabar_South" title="Calabar South">Calabar South</a> <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Areas_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Government Areas of Nigeria">Local Government Areas</a>. It has an area of 406 square kilometres (157 sq mi) and, as of the 2006 census, a population of 371,022.<sup id="cite_ref-PopulationOfCrossRiver_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PopulationOfCrossRiver-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both <a href="/wiki/Local_government_area" title="Local government area">LGAs</a> together had an estimated population of 571,500 in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Akwa_Akpa" class="mw-redirect" title="Akwa Akpa">Akwa Akpa</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Duke_Town_Church,_Calabar,_late_19th_century_(imp-cswc-GB-237-CSWC47-LS2-010).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image of the Duketown Church, Calabar (located within later day Nigeria). Three people stand in front of the white-sided church with a thatched roof. Duketown lies on the Calabar River 50 miles from the coast." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Duke_Town_Church%2C_Calabar%2C_late_19th_century_%28imp-cswc-GB-237-CSWC47-LS2-010%29.jpg/250px-Duke_Town_Church%2C_Calabar%2C_late_19th_century_%28imp-cswc-GB-237-CSWC47-LS2-010%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Duke_Town_Church%2C_Calabar%2C_late_19th_century_%28imp-cswc-GB-237-CSWC47-LS2-010%29.jpg/330px-Duke_Town_Church%2C_Calabar%2C_late_19th_century_%28imp-cswc-GB-237-CSWC47-LS2-010%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Duke_Town_Church%2C_Calabar%2C_late_19th_century_%28imp-cswc-GB-237-CSWC47-LS2-010%29.jpg/500px-Duke_Town_Church%2C_Calabar%2C_late_19th_century_%28imp-cswc-GB-237-CSWC47-LS2-010%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4919" data-file-height="4946" /></a><figcaption>Duke Town Church, Calabar, late 19th century</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seaport,_slave_trade"><span id="Seaport.2C_slave_trade"></span>Seaport, slave trade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Seaport, slave trade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> When <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> explorers in the 15th century reached this part of the <a href="/wiki/Guinea_(region)" title="Guinea (region)">Guinea</a> coast, they called the tribes of the area "Calabar". These historic inhabitants were Efiks, Ibibios and <a href="/wiki/Ekoi_people" title="Ekoi people">Quas</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Efik_people" title="Efik people">Efik people</a> migrated from the area of the <a href="/wiki/Niger_River" title="Niger River">Niger River</a> to the shores of Calabar. They were fleeing civil war with their kindred and the <a href="/wiki/Ibibio_people" title="Ibibio people">Ibibio people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nigeria_Calabar_Port_11.81.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Nigeria_Calabar_Port_11.81.jpg/200px-Nigeria_Calabar_Port_11.81.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Nigeria_Calabar_Port_11.81.jpg/300px-Nigeria_Calabar_Port_11.81.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Nigeria_Calabar_Port_11.81.jpg/400px-Nigeria_Calabar_Port_11.81.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="804" /></a><figcaption>A merchantman docked in Calabar, 1981</figcaption></figure> <p>Since the 16th century, Calabar has served as an international <a href="/wiki/Seaport" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaport">seaport</a>, exporting such goods as <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm oil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the centuries of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a>, it became a major port for shipment of African slaves to the Americas. The Spanish named it Calabar. </p><p>Tribes around that region were taken in as slaves for slave trade. Such tribes included the <a href="/wiki/Igbo_people" title="Igbo people">Igbo</a> tribes (communities) who lived around that region at the time. Those minority tribes were subject to slave raids by more powerful tribes or ethnic groups in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1725 until 1750, roughly 17,000 enslaved Africans were sold from Calabar to European slave traders; from 1772 to 1775, the number soared to more than 62,000.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Old Calabar (Duke Town) and <a href="/wiki/Creek_Town" title="Creek Town">Creek Town</a>, 16 kilometres (10 mi) northeast, were crucial towns in the trade of slaves in that era.<sup id="cite_ref-overview_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-overview-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1807, <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> abolished the slave trade.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1815 <a href="/wiki/HMS_Comus_(1806)" title="HMS Comus (1806)">HMS <i>Comus</i></a>, as part of the British <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Africa" title="Blockade of Africa">blockade of Africa</a>, sailed into <a href="/wiki/Duke_Town" title="Duke Town">Duke Town</a>, where she captured seven Spanish and Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Slave_ship" title="Slave ship">slave ships</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Jea" title="John Jea">John Jea</a>, an enslaved <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a>, came from the area. He later became a writer. A small <a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">mulatto</a> community of merchants was located here that had links to missionary and other merchant colonies in Igboland, <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a>, and across the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic.</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1846, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> Presbyterians established a mission station in Calabar. Among the missionaries, Hope Waddell, who worked in Calabar from 1845 to 1858, and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Slessor" title="Mary Slessor">Mary Slessor</a>, who evangelized Christianity in Calabar from 1876 to 1915, worked to improve treatment by and among the native peoples. They influenced many Efik people to <a href="/wiki/Conversion_to_Christianity" title="Conversion to Christianity">convert to Christianity</a>. </p><p>They tried to change or abolish the following traditional practices: </p> <ul><li>Killing newborn twins,</li> <li>Human sacrifice at the death of village elders (to provide servants for them in the afterlife),<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_by_ordeal#By_poison" title="Trial by ordeal">"Judgment of God"</a>, in which suspects in crime were poisoned, and convicted if they fell ill or died</li></ul> <p>They founded a school to provide secondary education to Africans. They also worked to protect water supplies and limit mosquitoes to contain <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a> epidemics. </p><p>Waddell and Slessor are still honoured in Calabar today; streets and squares in the city were named for them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_times">Colonial times</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Colonial times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 10 September 1884, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> signed a treaty of protection with the king and chiefs of Akwa Akpa, known to <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Europe" title="Ethnic groups in Europe">Europeans</a> as Old Calabar—then the official title to distinguish it from <a href="/wiki/New_Calabar" class="mw-redirect" title="New Calabar">New Calabar</a> to the east.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This enabled the United Kingdom to exercise control over the entire territory around Calabar, including <a href="/wiki/Bakassi" title="Bakassi">Bakassi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Calabar was the headquarter of the European administration in the <a href="/wiki/Niger_Delta" title="Niger Delta">Niger Delta</a> until 1906 when the seat of government was moved to <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Calabar developed earlier, albeit less vigorously than <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a>, with which it is sometimes compared because of some parallels. Calabar has the following achievements:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>First Nigerian city to have a secondary school (the Hope Waddell Training Institution),<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>first Nigerian city with a hospital (St Margaret's),<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>first Nigerian female pharmacist,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>first Nigerian female politician (Margaret Ekpo),<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>first Nigerian librarian,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>first dark-skinned professor (Eyo Ita),<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>first Nigerian city with a post office,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>first Nigerian town with a barracks,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>first Nigerian city with a network of paved roads,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>first Nigerian city with a botanical garden (now derelict),<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>first Nigerian city with a monorail (now also derelict),<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Nigeria's cleanest city"<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>From 1914 until the 1960s, a mail steamer of the <a href="/wiki/Elder_Dempster_Lines" title="Elder Dempster Lines">Liverpool Elder-Dempster Line</a> called at Calabar every month. In addition to letters and parcels, it also delivered newspapers, and cargo and carried up to 100 passengers to <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_Harcourt" title="Port Harcourt">Port Harcourt</a> and Calabar. </p><p>In 1922, British governor <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Clifford_(colonial_administrator)" title="Hugh Clifford (colonial administrator)">Clifford</a> established the Legislative Council. The four elected members were from Lagos (3) and Calabar (1). The Legislative Council enacted laws for the colony and the protectorate of Southern Nigeria. It also approved the annual budget for the entire country. The four elected members were the first Africans to be elected to a parliamentary body in British West Africa. </p><p>The Clifford Constitution led to the formation of political parties in Nigeria. <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Macaulay" title="Herbert Macaulay">Herbert Macaulay</a>, a newspaper owner and grandson of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ajayi_Crowther" title="Samuel Ajayi Crowther">Samuel Ajayi Crowther</a>, in 1923 founded the first Nigerian political party, the <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Democratic_Party" title="Nigerian National Democratic Party">Nigeria National Democratic Party</a>. It remained the strongest party in the elections until 1939. </p><p>In 1926, Governor Graeme Thomson attempted to introduce a <a href="/wiki/Poll_tax" title="Poll tax">poll tax</a> in southeast Nigeria, including Calabar. It would reduce the number of Africans eligible to vote in elections. The people reacted with strong protests, which Nigerians call the "Women's War", for many of its leaders, and the British termed the "Aba Riots". These riots spread from the neighbouring town of Aba to Calabar. Several administrative buildings were destroyed and more than 50 women died at the hands of colonial forces.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biafra_War">Biafra War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Biafra War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After independence in 1960, tensions increased between the North and South areas of the country, which were strongly affiliated with Muslims and Christians, respectively. In addition, the South had a concentration of educated people who were politically powerful and had a history of trade and interaction with other communities. </p><p>The Southeastern area decided to become independent and declared itself as the Republic of Biafra in 1967. It included Calabar. In October 1967, an armada of the Nigerian Navy left the harbour of Bonny on a naval campaign en route to Calabar. The ships carried troops of the Nigerian 3rd Naval Division under the command of Colonel Benjamin Adekunle. At this time, Calabar was being defended by the 9th Battalion of Biafrans under the command of Major Ogbo Oji. On 17 October, the Biafran defences on the beaches of Calabar came under heavy air and naval fire. Less than 24 hours later, the Nigerian 8th Battalion under the command of Major Ochefu went ashore at Lokoja and captured the Calabar cement factory.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later that day, the Nigerian 33rd Battalion landed on the beach at Calabar. The Biafran resistance was overwhelmed. After Nigerian troops advanced into Calabar from three different positions, bloody hand-to-hand fighting ensued. After suffering heavy losses, the remaining mercenaries retreated northward and fled Biafra.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After three years, the country reunited under the Nigerian central government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Today's economy of the megacity of Calabar is dominated by: </p> <ul><li>The local administration as the state capital of <a href="/wiki/Cross_River_State" title="Cross River State">Cross River</a>,</li> <li>The centrally located naval base (<a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Navy" title="Nigerian Navy">Nigeria's navy</a> is the strongest in West and Central Africa<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>),</li> <li>the harbour (see below),</li> <li>the airport (see below) and</li> <li>the free trade zone.</li></ul> <p>The state government of Cross River is trying to stimulate <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a> in Calabar. The initiation of the <i>Calabar Carnival</i> in 2004 by the then Governor <a href="/wiki/Donald_Duke" title="Donald Duke">Donald Duke</a> is probably the most successful measure to advance tourism in Calabar.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Margaret_Ekpo_Airport">Margaret Ekpo Airport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Margaret Ekpo Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Calabar_International_Airport,_Cross_river.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Calabar_International_Airport%2C_Cross_river.jpg/250px-Calabar_International_Airport%2C_Cross_river.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Calabar_International_Airport%2C_Cross_river.jpg/330px-Calabar_International_Airport%2C_Cross_river.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Calabar_International_Airport%2C_Cross_river.jpg/500px-Calabar_International_Airport%2C_Cross_river.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5256" data-file-height="3502" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Ekpo_International_Airport" title="Margaret Ekpo International Airport">Margaret Ekpo International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Ekpo_International_Airport" title="Margaret Ekpo International Airport">Margaret Ekpo International Airport</a> was inaugurated in 1983 by then-President Shagari. <a href="/wiki/Lufthansa" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Airways" title="British Airways">British Airways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_France%E2%80%93KLM" title="Air France–KLM">KLM/Air France</a> fly to the airport from Calabar with a stopover in <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a> or <a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a> (the last leg of the flight is operated by the regional airlines <a href="/wiki/Air_Peace" title="Air Peace">Air Peace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibom_Air" title="Ibom Air">Ibom Air</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aero_Contractors_(Nigeria)" title="Aero Contractors (Nigeria)">Aero Contractors</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Old_Harbour_and_the_New_Harbour">The Old Harbour and the New Harbour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The Old Harbour and the New Harbour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Calabar Port Complex consists of the Old Port, the New Port and the Dockyard and is responsible for the petroleum terminals at Antan, Odudu, Yoho and QuaIboe as well as other jetties at NIWA, McIver, NNPC, ALSCON, Dozzy and Northwest. The three terminals at the Port of Calabar are operated by "world-class terminal operators, namely: ECM Terminal Ltd, INTELS Nigeria Ltd and Shoreline Logistics Nigeria Limited", according to the port operating company NPA.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The port of Calabar's profile in the oil and gas industry is fast gaining traction as the business is to capitalise on import and export opportunities by providing an efficient port service system that guarantees fast turnaround time of vessels and faster cargo clearance.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Calabar is a multi-purpose facility. The harbour consists of 2 terminals, A and B, and 2 smaller berths in the "Old Harbour" area. It has a channel draught of 7.5 metres. The terminals are operated by private operators under concession agreements. Terminal B, which occupies 80% of the harbour area, is operated under a concession by ECM Terminals Ltd; Intels LTD and Addak are the other terminal operators.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourist_attractions">Tourist attractions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tourist attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Calabar sees itself as the "tourism capital of Nigeria". This is supported by the state government.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Slave_History_Museum">Slave History Museum</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Slave History Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the five main themes of the museum is the Esuk Mba slave market in Akpabuyo. The slave trade in Calabar was based on slave raiding and trading, which mainly took place in the hinterland, where the enslaved were mostly prisoners of war. The prisoners of war were collected at this market and sold as slaves to slave traders.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another exhibition shows objects from the slave trade, including chains and shackles. The traders used these to prevent resistance while transporting as many people as possible over long distances.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One exhibition shows the various means of payment used in the slave trade, from copper bars, manillas and Danish guns to brass bells, gongs, flutes and more. The arrangement of the slaves on a ship is artistically illustrated. The slaves were arranged in different positions depending on where they were accommodated on the ship, either sitting, standing or side by side. These positions were maintained until the ships reached their destination in the New World - a crossing that could take several months.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finally, another exhibition traces the efforts of abolitionists such as William Wilberforce, Thomas Clarkson and Granville Sharp, who saw the slave trade as morally reprehensible and a matter of natural rights. They therefore put forward twelve proposals for abolition. A British Act for the Abolition of the Slave Trade of 25 March 1807 finally stipulated that the slave trade should be abolished by law from 1 May 1807.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Media_Trust" title="Media Trust">Daily Trust Nigeria</a> reported the museum's decline. However, the negative report could be due to the COVID wave that was rampant at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Museum_resp._Old_Residency_Museum">National Museum resp. Old Residency Museum</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: National Museum resp. Old Residency Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Residency,_National_Museum,_Calabar_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Old_Residency%2C_National_Museum%2C_Calabar_02.jpg/250px-Old_Residency%2C_National_Museum%2C_Calabar_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Old_Residency%2C_National_Museum%2C_Calabar_02.jpg/330px-Old_Residency%2C_National_Museum%2C_Calabar_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Old_Residency%2C_National_Museum%2C_Calabar_02.jpg/500px-Old_Residency%2C_National_Museum%2C_Calabar_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5814" data-file-height="3876" /></a><figcaption>National Museum Calabar</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>National Museum of Calabar</i> was flat packed, shipped from Britain and built-in 1884<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (it is sometimes incorrectly stated to have been built in 1959). It was formerly the government building or the governor's residence during colonial rule, which was built in Britain and then shipped in parts to Calabar. The Calabar National Museum is made of old Scandinavian pine and has preserved centuries-old relics, especially documents, furnishings and artefacts from the colonial era.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum houses the relics of the slave trade, including the names of the people who supported the slave trade and the currency of the slave trade. The Calabar National Museum, designed and built by the colonisers in Glasgow, houses souvenirs from the slave trade. In 1959, the building became a national monument.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hand_sculpture_roundabout,_Calabar,_Cross_River_state2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Hand_sculpture_roundabout%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state2.jpg/250px-Hand_sculpture_roundabout%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Hand_sculpture_roundabout%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state2.jpg/330px-Hand_sculpture_roundabout%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Hand_sculpture_roundabout%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state2.jpg/500px-Hand_sculpture_roundabout%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption>The Calabar hand sculpture</figcaption></figure> <p>The National Museum was once the home of a British governor. It is located in Calabar, Cross River State, and displays unique artefacts and historical heritage. </p><p>On a tour of the museum, you can see the furnishings used by Europeans during the slave trade and colonial period. You can also see the constitutions in their original documents, which are kept in a large library.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Calabar's most impressive monument is located in the park of the National Museum. It depicts two chained hands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mary_Slessor's_House"><span id="Mary_Slessor.27s_House"></span>Mary Slessor's House</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Mary Slessor's House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Slessor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Mary_Slessor.jpg/250px-Mary_Slessor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Mary_Slessor.jpg/330px-Mary_Slessor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Mary_Slessor.jpg/440px-Mary_Slessor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption>Mary Slessor</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Mary_Slessor" title="Mary Slessor">Mary Mitchell Slessor</a> was a Scottish missionary sent to Nigeria by the United Presbyterian Church in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Mary Slessor's House</i>, built around 1880 in Akpap Village, Calabar, Cross River State, is one of the monuments dedicated to her memory. </p><p>Originally, the house was a mud house with two bedrooms, a verandah, a shop and a parlour. She referred to it as a "trailer", but the locals called it a "good pass all". In 1889, Mr Owens, a carpenter at the mission, was hired to build a more permanent structure for her. The walls were made of iron plates with wooden doors and windows.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Southern Nigeria became a British protectorate, Miss Slessor acted as a female magistrate and skilful diplomatic ambassador. For her efforts in Okoyong, she was given the Efik name Obongawan Okoyong (Queen of Okoyong).<sup id="cite_ref-:5_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was also instrumental in the establishment of the Hope Waddell Training Institute in Calabar, which provided vocational training for Efiks. Miss Slessor is widely regarded as a heroine in Nigerian history, and the Mary Slessor House stands as a historical site in honour of the missionary in Ekenge, Calabar, Cross River State.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_/_Resorts"><span id="Parks_.2F_Resorts"></span>Parks / Resorts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Parks / Resorts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Millennium_Park">Millennium Park</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Millennium Park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Millennium Park</i> in Calabar is an amusement park that serves as a famous symbol of the city, offering various recreational activities for children and adults.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Millennium Park, with its pretty and attractive garden and arcades, is a major destination for first-time visitors. Tastefully decorated to artfully showcase and embellish the rich history and culture of Cross River, it provides an excellent backdrop for carefree moments. The Millennium Park is beautifully landscaped and managed and complements the beauty and tourism concept of Calabar town.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tortuga_Island">Tortuga Island</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Tortuga Island"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Located within the Calabar Marina Resort,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Tortuga Island</i> is an area with three popular plantation-style bars. The colonial-inspired themed bars are set in beautiful landscaped gardens and offer panoramic views of the river. </p><p>The famous Tortuga Island is a seating area within the resort. The operators rave about a cocktail at sunset and a delicious grilled meat dinner. You can "order from a well-stocked bar and enjoy expertly fried fish as well as some other delicacies."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tinapa_Resort_and_Monorail">Tinapa Resort and Monorail</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Tinapa Resort and Monorail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Tinapa Resort</i> seems to have fallen into disrepair during the Covid epidemic. Pictures on a travel website show broken windows and various pioneer plants around the vacant building.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decay also affects the Calabar monorail located on the premises, which was once the first of its kind in Africa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Drill_Rehabilitation_Centre">The Drill Rehabilitation Centre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: The Drill Rehabilitation Centre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drill_(Mandrillus_leucophaeus).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Drill_%28Mandrillus_leucophaeus%29.jpg/220px-Drill_%28Mandrillus_leucophaeus%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Drill_%28Mandrillus_leucophaeus%29.jpg/330px-Drill_%28Mandrillus_leucophaeus%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Drill_%28Mandrillus_leucophaeus%29.jpg/440px-Drill_%28Mandrillus_leucophaeus%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1837" data-file-height="2095" /></a><figcaption>Drill</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Drill Rehabilitation Centre</i> nature reserve was founded in 1991 and is the first rehabilitation project for primates in the region. Drills orphaned by hunting are donated by local citizens or handed over after confiscation by the authorities; no animals are bought or taken from the wild. More than 75 drills have been rescued and reunited with conspecifics after a thorough medical examination. Drills have reproduced poorly in western zoos, but the DRBC has recorded over 250 births from rehabilitated wild-born parents and their offspring, making the project the world's most successful captive breeding programme for an endangered primate. Today, 286 drills live in 6 family groups, each in their own natural habitat in an electrified enclosure of up to 9 hectares. There are plans to release the first group back into the wild. The Drill Ranch is also home to 28 orphaned chimpanzees. As the closest relatives of humans, chimpanzees contribute greatly to the education of visitors by arousing interest and sympathy for the animal world. The project has two locations. The original site in Calabar, the capital of Cross River State, is where it all began. Today, the "Drill Ranch Calabar" serves as the project's headquarters, office, quarantine centre for new animals and veterinary practice, as well as accommodation for the managers and rotating volunteer staff. One of the project's 6 drill breeding groups is also located here so that anyone living in or visiting the state capital has the opportunity to see drills. This group now comprises 39 animals in 4 generations, including the first drill. Drill Ranch Calabar is also home to a chimpanzee nursery - the project's youngest chimpanzees live here, where they receive round-the-clock care and supervision before moving to Afi Ranch at the age of 6-8 years.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_vicinity">In the vicinity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: In the vicinity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Not far from Calabar, you can visit the <i>Kwa Waterfalls</i> (approx. 15 km away), <i>Ibeno Beach</i> (30 km away) and the <i>Cross River National Park</i>. These three attractions are the most popular in Calabar on tourism websites. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kwa_Falls">Kwa Falls</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Kwa Falls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kwafalls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Kwafalls.jpg/250px-Kwafalls.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Kwafalls.jpg/330px-Kwafalls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Kwafalls.jpg/500px-Kwafalls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="2288" /></a><figcaption>The Kwa Falls</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Kwa Falls</i> is an impressive waterfall characterised by a narrow, steep gorge from top to bottom. The sparkling water plunges into the depths and forms a pool that is ideal for a variety of water sports. Anyone can go swimming here.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ibeno_Beach">Ibeno Beach</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ibeno Beach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boat_at_Ibeno.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Boat_at_Ibeno.jpg/220px-Boat_at_Ibeno.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Boat_at_Ibeno.jpg/330px-Boat_at_Ibeno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Boat_at_Ibeno.jpg/440px-Boat_at_Ibeno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1637" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Ibeno Beach</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Ibeno Beach</i> is one of the Atlantic Ocean beaches along the coastline of Ibeno in Akwa Ibom State. It is the longest sandy beach in West Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibeno Beach stretches for about 30 kilometres from Ibeno to James Town along the Atlantic coast of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. With its beautiful coastline, Ibeno offers endless natural opportunities for tourism, water sports, beach football and boating. Vlogger <a href="/wiki/Tayo_Aina" title="Tayo Aina">Tayo Aina</a> speaks of the "best-kept secret of Akwa Ibom".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cross_River_National_Park">Cross River National Park</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Cross River National Park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_River_National_Park,_Oban_Division.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Cross_River_National_Park%2C_Oban_Division.jpg/220px-Cross_River_National_Park%2C_Oban_Division.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Cross_River_National_Park%2C_Oban_Division.jpg/330px-Cross_River_National_Park%2C_Oban_Division.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Cross_River_National_Park%2C_Oban_Division.jpg/440px-Cross_River_National_Park%2C_Oban_Division.jpg 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Cross River National Park</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Cross River National Park</i> is located northeast of Calabar and borders Cameroon. The Nigerian federal government is courting investors to develop the potential of ecotourism in this and other national parks.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The park's motto is "The Pride Of Nigeria". The Kanyang Tourist Village, about an hour's drive from Calabar, will provide visitors with a base from which to visit the park and will have a lodge, restaurant and wildlife museum. Activities include game viewing, bird watching, gorilla tracking, mountain climbing or hiking, sport fishing, boat cruises and the Botanical Gardens and Herbarium at Butatong.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Attractions include the Kwa Falls (see above). The Agbokim Falls on the Cross River plunge over a cliff into the tropical rainforest in about 7 steps. There is a small zoological garden with animal species that are rare in Nigeria, which has helped to save some rare species from extinction.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Festivals">Festivals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carnival_in_December">Carnival in December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Carnival in December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Calabar_Group_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Calabar_Group_2.jpg/250px-Calabar_Group_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Calabar_Group_2.jpg/330px-Calabar_Group_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Calabar_Group_2.jpg/500px-Calabar_Group_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Calabar Group</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Calabar Carnival,</i> for which the old harbour town is famous, takes place every December. The participating dance schools and imaginative costumes are obviously inspired by <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, although the <a href="/wiki/Samba" title="Samba">samba</a> is replaced by <a href="/wiki/Afrobeats" title="Afrobeats">Afrobeats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Calabar Carnival lasts for the entire month of December and is divided into </p> <ul><li>the Carnival of (African) Traditions,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the children's carnival,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the main carnival<sup id="cite_ref-:3_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and</li> <li>the motorbike carnival (Bikers Carnival).<sup id="cite_ref-:3_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naval_base">Naval base</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Naval base"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Nigeria's income is almost exclusively derived from oil and its resources must be protected for national reasons, the Nigerian government has always relied on a strong navy. Nigeria's navy is the most powerful in West and Central Africa. </p><p>The <i>Nigerian Eastern Naval Command</i> is based in Calabar<sup id="cite_ref-:6_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and includes, among others: </p> <ul><li>NNS VICTORY, an operational base in Calabar and</li> <li>the Fleet Support Group (East) in Calabar.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>A naval air base is planned for Calabar. </p><p>The Eastern Naval Command (ENC) is the second operational command of the Nigerian Navy and covers the sea area from Delta State to the Nigerian-Cameroonian border and from the Nigerian coast to the border of the Nigerian EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University">University</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: University"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hope_Waddell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hope_Waddell.jpg/220px-Hope_Waddell.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hope_Waddell.jpg/330px-Hope_Waddell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hope_Waddell.jpg/440px-Hope_Waddell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The Hope Waddell Training Institution</figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Calabar" title="University of Calabar">University of Calabar</a></i> (Unical) is considered "one of the best in the country".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>University Of Cross River State (Unicross) is the state's University. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cadet_School">Cadet School</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Cadet School"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Nigerian Navy maintains a cadet school in Calabar.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a new model school, Nigerian Navy Secondary School, situated in Akpabuyo, about 10 minutes' drive from the airport. This new school complements the existing Nigerian Navy Primary School and Naval Officers Wives Association Primary School, both situated at Ikot Ansa Calabar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_school_with_tradition">High school with tradition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: High school with tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Founded in 1895, the <i><a href="/wiki/Hope_Waddell_Training_Institution" title="Hope Waddell Training Institution">Hope Waddell Training Institution</a></i> was renovated after a long period of neglect and is once again functioning as a high school. Nigeria's first president <a href="/wiki/Nnamdi_Azikiwe" title="Nnamdi Azikiwe">Azikiwe</a> received his secondary school leaving certificate here.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hospitals">Hospitals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Hospitals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the best hospitals (according to various lists on the Internet) are the <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Calabar_Teaching_Hospital" title="University of Calabar Teaching Hospital">University of Calabar Teaching Hospital</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <i>Federal Psychiatric Hospital</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former took over the facilities of the former St Margaret's Hospital in 1979, which had been founded in 1897 as the first public hospital in Nigeria. The facilities of the maternity centre of St. Margaret's Hospital were also taken over by the hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Nigerian Navy maintains a naval hospital in Calabar, the <i>Nigerian Navy Reference Hospital</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nigerian Navy Reference Hospital claims to be "one of the best military health facilities in Nigeria. It emphasises the importance the Nigerian Navy places on providing excellent healthcare to members of the armed forces and society at large."<sup id="cite_ref-:7_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen's climate classification</a>, Calabar features a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_monsoon_climate" title="Tropical monsoon climate">tropical monsoon climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Am</i>) amidst a lengthy <a href="/wiki/Wet_season" title="Wet season">wet season</a> spanning nine months and a short <a href="/wiki/Dry_season" title="Dry season">dry season</a> covering the remaining three months. The <a href="/wiki/Harmattan" title="Harmattan">harmattan</a>, which significantly influences weather in <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>, is noticeably less pronounced in the city. Temperatures are relatively constant throughout the year, with average high temperatures usually ranging from 25 to 28 degrees Celsius. There is also little variance between daytime and nighttime temperatures, as temperatures at night are typically only a few degrees lower than the daytime high temperature. Calabar averages just over 3,000 millimetres (120 in) of precipitation annually. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Calabar (1991-2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9<br />(93.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1<br />(97.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2<br />(99.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9<br />(93.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.3<br />(91.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">37.2<br />(99.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7<br />(92.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6<br />(90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9<br />(89.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4<br />(88.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1<br />(86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">30.9<br />(87.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(1.26) </td> <td style="background: #98FF98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.7<br />(2.47) </td> <td style="background: #00F400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">178.5<br />(7.03) </td> <td style="background: #009C00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">229.6<br />(9.04) </td> <td style="background: #003200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">308.6<br />(12.15) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">382.1<br />(15.04) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">490.3<br />(19.30) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">456.3<br />(17.96) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">392.1<br />(15.44) </td> <td style="background: #004900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">292.8<br />(11.53) </td> <td style="background: #00F600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">171.3<br />(6.74) </td> <td style="background: #D7FFD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(1.05) </td> <td style="background: #007F00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,022.8<br />(119.01) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9 </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #3535FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.3 </td> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">23.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000E8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000F3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20.9 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.3 </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8 </td> <td style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">160.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000D4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000B4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000AD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000A8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">89.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000A3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">90.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000A2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">90.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000A2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">90.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000A1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">91.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000A2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">90.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000AE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000CA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000B0; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">87.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167.4 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">146.9 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">108.5 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135.0 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">136.4 </td> <td style="background: #BCBC3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">129.0 </td> <td style="background: #656565; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55.8 </td> <td style="background: #5A5A5A; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49.6 </td> <td style="background: #717171; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60.0 </td> <td style="background: #AFAF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105.4 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135.0 </td> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">176.7 </td> <td style="background: #B6B661; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,405.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5 </td> <td style="background: #C0C024; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 </td> <td style="background: #BEBE2D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD36; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 </td> <td style="background: #676767; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1.8 </td> <td style="background: #5B5B5B; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #727272; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2.0 </td> <td style="background: #B0B083; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 </td> <td style="background: #C0C024; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 </td> <td style="background: #B7B758; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-WMOCLINO_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMOCLINO-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a> (sun 1958-1964)<sup id="cite_ref-DWD_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWD-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_authority">Political authority</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Political authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/120px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Calabar" title="Special:EditPage/Calabar">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Efik Kingdom patriarch is known as the Obong of Calabar. Other related nations, include the Qua Kingdom of Ejagham (<a href="/wiki/Ekoi_people" title="Ekoi people">Ekoi</a>)/Bantu origin, and the Efut Kingdom. The Qua Kingdom has the Ndidem of the Qua nation as the Grand Patriarch, and the Efut have the Muri munene as the Grand Patriarch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_authority_of_Calabar">Traditional authority of Calabar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Traditional authority of Calabar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the colonial period, Calabar, originally known as Akwa Akpa, was a kingdom with the City of Calabar as the site of government. Calabar has three different monarchs, the Obong of Calabar as the ruler of the Efiks and the <a href="/wiki/Ekpe" title="Ekpe">Ekpe</a> secret society as the stool on which the Obong of Calabar sat. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ndidem_of_the_Quas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ndidem of the Quas (page does not exist)">Ndidem of Calabar</a> is the ruler of the Quas and the paramount ruler of Calabar Municipality. The muri munene of the Efuts who is the ruler of the Efuts and paramount ruler of Calabar South. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Calabar_people">Calabar people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Calabar people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Calabar people are mainly the Indigenous people of the Old Calabar Province – which are <a href="/wiki/Calabar_South" title="Calabar South">Calabar South</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar_Municipality&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calabar Municipality (page does not exist)">Calabar Municipality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akpabuyo" title="Akpabuyo">Akpabuyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bakassi" title="Bakassi">Bakassi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biase" title="Biase">Biase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odukpani" title="Odukpani">Odukpani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Akamkpa" title="Akamkpa">Akamkpa</a>. However in Nigeria, the term "Calabar people" has also been colloquially used to refer to all the people from Cross River and Akwa Ibom States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bricksfield_Prison_Wall,_Calabar,_Cross_River_state.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Bricksfield_Prison_Wall%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state.jpg/120px-Bricksfield_Prison_Wall%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Bricksfield_Prison_Wall%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state.jpg/250px-Bricksfield_Prison_Wall%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="665" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bricskfield_Prison_Wall,_Calabar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bricskfield_Prison_Wall%2C_Calabar.jpg/120px-Bricskfield_Prison_Wall%2C_Calabar.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bricskfield_Prison_Wall%2C_Calabar.jpg/250px-Bricskfield_Prison_Wall%2C_Calabar.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5724" data-file-height="3816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Destination_Crossriver_roundabout,_Calabar,_Cross_River_state.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Destination_Crossriver_roundabout%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state.jpg/120px-Destination_Crossriver_roundabout%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Destination_Crossriver_roundabout%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state.jpg/250px-Destination_Crossriver_roundabout%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="665" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Governors_office,_Calabar,_Cross_River_state.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Governors_office%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state.jpg/120px-Governors_office%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Governors_office%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state.jpg/250px-Governors_office%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="665" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hand_Monument,_Old_Residency,_National_Museum,_Calabar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Hand_Monument%2C_Old_Residency%2C_National_Museum%2C_Calabar.jpg/120px-Hand_Monument%2C_Old_Residency%2C_National_Museum%2C_Calabar.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Hand_Monument%2C_Old_Residency%2C_National_Museum%2C_Calabar.jpg/250px-Hand_Monument%2C_Old_Residency%2C_National_Museum%2C_Calabar.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5833" data-file-height="3889" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hand_sculpture_roundabout,_Calabar,_Cross_River_state2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Hand_sculpture_roundabout%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state2.jpg/120px-Hand_sculpture_roundabout%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" 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data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="665" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_roundabout,_Calabar,_Cross_River_state.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Coat_of_Arms_roundabout%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state.jpg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_roundabout%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Coat_of_Arms_roundabout%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state.jpg/250px-Coat_of_Arms_roundabout%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="665" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ministry_of_Women_Affairs,_Calabar,_Cross_River_state.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ministry_of_Women_Affairs%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state.jpg/120px-Ministry_of_Women_Affairs%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ministry_of_Women_Affairs%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state.jpg/250px-Ministry_of_Women_Affairs%2C_Calabar%2C_Cross_River_state.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="665" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Secondary_Education_Board,_Calabar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Secondary_Education_Board%2C_Calabar.jpg/120px-Secondary_Education_Board%2C_Calabar.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Secondary_Education_Board%2C_Calabar.jpg/180px-Secondary_Education_Board%2C_Calabar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Secondary_Education_Board%2C_Calabar.jpg/240px-Secondary_Education_Board%2C_Calabar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5797" data-file-height="3865" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calabar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Calabar.jpg/120px-Calabar.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Calabar.jpg/250px-Calabar.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_Scotland" title="Banknotes of Scotland">Banknotes of Scotland</a> (featured on design)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalabari_tribe" title="Kalabari tribe">Kalabari tribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efik_people" title="Efik people">Efik people</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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.reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px 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.cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120305101910/http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nbsapps/Connections/Pop2006.pdf">"Federal Republic of Nigeria : 2006 Population Census"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nbsapps/Connections/Pop2006.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federal+Republic+of+Nigeria+%3A+2006+Population+Census&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nigerianstat.gov.ng%2Fnbsapps%2FConnections%2FPop2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalabar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TelluBase-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TelluBase_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_nga.pdf">"TelluBase—Nigeria Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Tellusant<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TelluBase%E2%80%94Nigeria+Fact+Sheet+%28Tellusant+Public+Service+Series%29&rft.pub=Tellusant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftellusant.com%2Frepo%2Ftb%2Ftellubase_factsheet_nga.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalabar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-overview-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-overview_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-overview_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFalolaAmanda_Warnock2007" class="citation book cs1">Falola, Toyin; Amanda Warnock (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=62EMURNnLssC&pg=PA92"><i>Encyclopedia of the Middle Passage: Greenwood Milestones in African American History</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33480-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33480-1"><bdi>978-0-313-33480-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Middle+Passage%3A+Greenwood+Milestones+in+African+American+History&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33480-1&rft.aulast=Falola&rft.aufirst=Toyin&rft.au=Amanda+Warnock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D62EMURNnLssC%26pg%3DPA92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalabar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-afigbo-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-afigbo_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAfigbo1987" class="citation book cs1">Afigbo, Adiele Eberechukwu (1987). <i>The Igbo and their neighbours: inter-group relations in southeastern Nigeria to 1953</i>. University Press. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-154-583-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-154-583-6"><bdi>978-154-583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Igbo+and+their+neighbours%3A+inter-group+relations+in+southeastern+Nigeria+to+1953&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-154-583-6&rft.aulast=Afigbo&rft.aufirst=Adiele+Eberechukwu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalabar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEgbas2019" class="citation web cs1">Egbas, Jude (26 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/calabar-nigerias-tourism-capital-has-fallen/pjt553s">"Calabar, Nigeria's tourism capital, has fallen!!"</a>. <i>Pulse Nigeria</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pulse+Nigeria&rft.atitle=Calabar%2C+Nigeria%E2%80%99s+tourism+capital%2C+has+fallen%21%21&rft.date=2019-08-26&rft.aulast=Egbas&rft.aufirst=Jude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pulse.ng%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fcalabar-nigerias-tourism-capital-has-fallen%2Fpjt553s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalabar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Achum, T. Valentine <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://789marketing.com.ng/calabar-restoring-tourism-glory-nigerias-pride/">http://789marketing.com.ng/calabar-restoring-tourism-glory-nigerias-pride/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170902045059/http://789marketing.com.ng/calabar-restoring-tourism-glory-nigerias-pride/">Archived</a> 2 September 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PopulationOfCrossRiver-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PopulationOfCrossRiver_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSimon_O._Ering2010" class="citation web cs1">Simon O. Ering (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402091512/http://jeteraps.scholarlinkresearch.org/articles/THE%20POPULATION%20SITUATION%20IN%20CROSS%20RIVER%20STATE_OCTOBER-1.pdf">"The Population Situation in Cross River State of Nigeria and Its Implication for Socio-Economic Development: Observations from the 1991 and 2006 Censuses"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jeteraps.scholarlinkresearch.org/articles/THE%20POPULATION%20SITUATION%20IN%20CROSS%20RIVER%20STATE_OCTOBER-1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Population+Situation+in+Cross+River+State+of+Nigeria+and+Its+Implication+for+Socio-Economic+Development%3A+Observations+from+the+1991+and+2006+Censuses&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Simon+O.+Ering&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjeteraps.scholarlinkresearch.org%2Farticles%2FTHE%2520POPULATION%2520SITUATION%2520IN%2520CROSS%2520RIVER%2520STATE_OCTOBER-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalabar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/nigeria/admin/NGA009__cross_river/">"Cross River (State, Nigeria) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location"</a>. <i>www.citypopulation.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Cross+River+%28State%2C+Nigeria%29+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Charts%2C+Map+and+Location&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fnigeria%2Fadmin%2FNGA009__cross_river%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalabar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Calabar" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Calabar">Calabar</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 962.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Calabar&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=962&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalabar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIliffe1995" class="citation book cs1">Iliffe, John (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dlHE51ScKTUC&pg=PA149"><i>Africans: The History of a Continent</i></a> (illustrated, reprint ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-48422-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-48422-7"><bdi>0-521-48422-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Africans%3A+The+History+of+a+Continent&rft.pages=149&rft.edition=illustrated%2C+reprint&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-521-48422-7&rft.aulast=Iliffe&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdlHE51ScKTUC%26pg%3DPA149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalabar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChambers2005" class="citation book cs1">Chambers, Douglas B. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PrPxWLSrp78C&pg=RA1-PA22"><i>Murder at Montpelier: Igbo Africans in Virginia</i></a> (illustrated ed.). University Press of Mississippi. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57806-706-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-57806-706-5"><bdi>1-57806-706-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Murder+at+Montpelier%3A+Igbo+Africans+in+Virginia&rft.pages=22&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-57806-706-5&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=Douglas+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPrPxWLSrp78C%26pg%3DRA1-PA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalabar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSparks2004" class="citation book cs1">Sparks, Randy J. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Tt6BCT-9yEgC&pg=PA39"><i>The Two Princes of Calabar: An Eighteenth-century Atlantic Odyssey</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-01312-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-01312-3"><bdi>0-674-01312-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Two+Princes+of+Calabar%3A+An+Eighteenth-century+Atlantic+Odyssey&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-674-01312-3&rft.aulast=Sparks&rft.aufirst=Randy+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTt6BCT-9yEgC%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalabar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/how-did-slave-trade-end-britain">"How did the slave trade end in Britain?"</a>. Royal Museums Greenwich<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+did+the+slave+trade+end+in+Britain%3F&rft.pub=Royal+Museums+Greenwich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rmg.co.uk%2Fstories%2Ftopics%2Fhow-did-slave-trade-end-britain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalabar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarshall1835" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_(biographer)" title="John Marshall (biographer)">Marshall, John</a> (1835). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Royal Naval Biography/Pierce, George"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Royal_Naval_Biography/Pierce,_George">"Pierce, George" </a></span>. <i>Royal Naval Biography</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.businesslist.com.ng&rft.atitle=Best+Hospitals+in+Calabar%2C+Nigeria+-+List+of+Hospitals+Nigeria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesslist.com.ng%2Fcategory%2FHospitals%2Fcity%3Acalabar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalabar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ucthcalabar.gov.ng/public/about">"University of Calabar Teaching Hospital"</a>. <i>ucthcalabar.gov.ng</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ucthcalabar.gov.ng&rft.atitle=University+of+Calabar+Teaching+Hospital&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fucthcalabar.gov.ng%2Fpublic%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalabar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nnrhcal.net/Home.html">"Home"</a>. <i>www.nnrhcal.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nnrhcal.net&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nnrhcal.net%2FHome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalabar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMOCLINO-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WMOCLINO_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/4.4/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Nigeria/CSV/Calabar_65264.csv">"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(CSV)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climate+Normals+for+1991%E2%80%932020&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F4.4%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-1-WMO-Normals-9120%2FNigeria%2FCSV%2FCalabar_65264.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalabar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DWD-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DWD_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_652640_kt.pdf">"Klimatafel von Calabar / Nigeria"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world</i> (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseline+climate+means+%281961%E2%80%931990%29+from+stations+all+over+the+world&rft.atitle=Klimatafel+von+Calabar+%2F+Nigeria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwd.de%2FDWD%2Fklima%2Fberatung%2Fak%2Fak_652640_kt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalabar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calabar&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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/></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Calabar" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Calabar">Calabar</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/20px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Calabar#Q844091" class="extiw" title="voy:Calabar">Calabar</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Nigeria" title="Template:Cities in Nigeria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Nigeria" title="Template talk:Cities in Nigeria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Nigeria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Nigeria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Largest_cities_in_Nigeria65" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_populated_places_in_Nigeria" title="List of populated places in Nigeria">Largest cities in Nigeria</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aba,_Abia" class="mw-redirect" title="Aba, Abia">Aba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abakaliki" title="Abakaliki">Abakaliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abeokuta" title="Abeokuta">Abeokuta</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ado_Ekiti" title="Ado Ekiti">Ado Ekiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akure" title="Akure">Akure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asaba,_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Asaba, Delta">Asaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awka" title="Awka">Awka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauchi_(city)" title="Bauchi (city)">Bauchi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Benin_City" title="Benin City">Benin City</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bida" title="Bida">Bida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birnin_Kebbi" title="Birnin Kebbi">Birnin Kebbi</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Calabar</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutse" title="Dutse">Dutse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eket" title="Eket">Eket</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Enugu_(city)" title="Enugu (city)">Enugu</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gombe,_Gombe" class="mw-redirect" title="Gombe, Gombe">Gombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gusau" title="Gusau">Gusau</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ibadan" title="Ibadan">Ibadan</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/If%E1%BA%B9" title="Ifẹ">Ife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikeja" title="Ikeja">Ikeja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikot-Abasi" title="Ikot-Abasi">Ikot-Abasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikot_Ekpene" title="Ikot Ekpene">Ikot Ekpene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikoyi" title="Ikoyi">Ikoyi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ilorin" title="Ilorin">Ilorin</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iseyin" title="Iseyin">Iseyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwo,_Osun" title="Iwo, Osun">Iwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalingo" title="Jalingo">Jalingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimeta" title="Jimeta">Jimeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos" title="Jos">Jos</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kaduna_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaduna (city)">Kaduna</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kano_(city)" title="Kano (city)">Kano</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsina_(city)" title="Katsina (city)">Katsina</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kontagora" title="Kontagora">Kontagora</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafia" title="Lafia">Lafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavun" title="Lavun">Lavun</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokoja" title="Lokoja">Lokoja</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maiduguri" title="Maiduguri">Maiduguri</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makurdi" title="Makurdi">Makurdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minna" title="Minna">Minna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokwa" title="Mokwa">Mokwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nnewi" title="Nnewi">Nnewi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsukka" title="Nsukka">Nsukka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogbomosho" title="Ogbomosho">Ogbomosho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okene" title="Okene">Okene</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Onitsha" title="Onitsha">Onitsha</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ondo_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Ondo City">Ondo City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oron,_Akwa_Ibom" class="mw-redirect" title="Oron, Akwa Ibom">Oron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osogbo" title="Osogbo">Osogbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owerri" title="Owerri">Owerri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owo" title="Owo">Owo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyo,_Oyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Oyo, Oyo">Oyo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Port_Harcourt" title="Port Harcourt">Port Harcourt</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potiskum" title="Potiskum">Potiskum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoto_(city)" title="Sokoto (city)">Sokoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleja" title="Suleja">Suleja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umuahia" title="Umuahia">Umuahia</a></li> <li><a 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href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81070528">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119568921">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119568921">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Calabar (Nigérie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge713783&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007566855005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/c2699413-4dcc-4b08-a970-2ee9d21aa539">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027552896">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Calabar&oldid=1282289704">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Calabar&oldid=1282289704</a>"</div></div> <div 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