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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territoires_réclamant_leur_indépendance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Territoires réclamant leur indépendance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territoires_réclamant_leur_indépendance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Indépendance (politique)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 117 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-117" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">117 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onafhanklikheid" title="Onafhanklikheid – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Onafhanklikheid" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatliche_Unabh%C3%A4ngigkeit" title="Staatliche Unabhängigkeit – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Staatliche Unabhängigkeit" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independencia" title="Independencia – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Independencia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundorr%C4%ABceh%C4%81d" title="Sundorrīcehād – ancien anglais" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Sundorrīcehād" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="ancien anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84" title="استقلال – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="استقلال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independencia" title="Independencia – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Independencia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCst%C9%99qillik" title="Müstəqillik – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Müstəqillik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="باغیمسیزلیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="باغیمسیزلیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napr%C4%ABgolnoms" title="Naprīgolnoms – samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Naprīgolnoms" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Незалежнасць – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Незалежнасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Незалежнасьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Незалежнасьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemerd%C3%A9kaan" title="Kemerdékaan – betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kemerdékaan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Независимост – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Независимост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="স্বাধীনতা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্বাধীনতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ইন্ডেপেন্ডেন্সিয়া – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ইন্ডেপেন্ডেন্সিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dizalc%27hiezh" title="Dizalc'hiezh – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dizalc'hiezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nezavisnost" title="Nezavisnost – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nezavisnost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independ%C3%A8ncia" title="Independència – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Independència" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independencia" title="Independencia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Independencia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Лаамалла – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Лаамалла" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AE%DB%86%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="سەربەخۆیی – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەربەخۆیی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustaqillik" title="Mustaqillik – tatar de Crimée" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Mustaqillik" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatar de Crimée" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%EA%99%97%D1%82%D1%A3%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Дрьжавьна самостоꙗтѣль – slavon d’église" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Дрьжавьна самостоꙗтѣль" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slavon d’église" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%83%D1%85%C4%83%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Пăхăнманлăх – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пăхăнманлăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annibyniaeth" title="Annibyniaeth – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Annibyniaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uafh%C3%A6ngighed_(politik)" title="Uafhængighed (politik) – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Uafhængighed (politik)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatliche_Unabh%C3%A4ngigkeit" title="Staatliche Unabhängigkeit – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Staatliche Unabhängigkeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ανεξαρτησία – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανεξαρτησία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence" title="Independence – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Independence" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sendependeco" title="Sendependeco – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sendependeco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independencia" title="Independencia – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Independencia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iseseisvus" title="Iseseisvus – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iseseisvus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independentzia" title="Independentzia – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Independentzia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84" title="استقلال – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استقلال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itsen%C3%A4isyys" title="Itsenäisyys – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Itsenäisyys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independencia" title="Independencia – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Independencia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3so" title="Sãso – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Sãso" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE" title="સ્વતંત્રતા – goudjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સ્વતંત્રતા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="goudjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA" title="עצמאות – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עצמאות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="स्वतन्त्रता – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्वतन्त्रता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nezavisnost" title="Nezavisnost – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nezavisnost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endepandans_(politik)" title="Endepandans (politik) – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Endepandans (politik)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCggetlens%C3%A9g_(jog)" title="Függetlenség (jog) – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Függetlenség (jog)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_(%D5%A5%D5%A6%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9)" title="Անկախություն (եզրույթ) – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անկախություն (եզրույթ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemerdekaan" title="Kemerdekaan – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kemerdekaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%A1lfst%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Sjálfstæði – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sjálfstæði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indipendenza" title="Indipendenza – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Indipendenza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B" title="独立 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="独立" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A6%8F%EA%A6%A9%EA%A6%82%EA%A6%A2%EA%A6%B6%EA%A6%8F%EA%A6%A4%EA%A7%80" title="ꦏꦩꦂꦢꦶꦏꦤ꧀ – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="ꦏꦩꦂꦢꦶꦏꦤ꧀" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%99%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Тәуелсіздік – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тәуелсіздік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EB%A6%BD" title="독립 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독립" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serxweb%C3%BBn" title="Serxwebûn – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Serxwebûn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BA" title="Эгемендүүлүк – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эгемендүүлүк" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independentia" title="Independentia – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Independentia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indipendenza" title="Indipendenza – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Indipendenza" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipand%C3%A1" title="Dipandá – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Dipandá" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ເອກະລາດ – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເອກະລາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepriklausomyb%C4%97" title="Nepriklausomybė – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nepriklausomybė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neatkar%C4%ABba" title="Neatkarība – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Neatkarība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="स्वतन्त्रता – maïthili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="स्वतन्त्रता" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maïthili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahaleovantena_(p%C3%B4litika)" title="Fahaleovantena (pôlitika) – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fahaleovantena (pôlitika)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Независност – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Независност" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_(%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)" title="സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യം (രാഷ്ട്രം) – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യം (രാഷ്ട്രം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Индепенденс – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Индепенденс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemerdekaan" title="Kemerdekaan – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kemerdekaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="स्वतन्त्रता – népalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="स्वतन्त्रता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="népalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onafhankelijkheid_(staatkunde)" title="Onafhankelijkheid (staatkunde) – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Onafhankelijkheid (staatkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%B8lvstende" title="Sjølvstende – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sjølvstende" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uavhengighet" title="Uavhengighet – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Uavhengighet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independ%C3%A9ncia" title="Independéncia – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Independéncia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A7%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE" title="ସ୍ୱାଧୀନତା – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସ୍ୱାଧୀନତା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਅਜ਼ਾਦ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਜ਼ਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independensia" title="Independensia – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Independensia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independens" title="Independens – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Independens" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niepodleg%C5%82o%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Niepodległość – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Niepodległość" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="آزادی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آزادی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%8A" title="خپلواکي – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="خپلواکي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independ%C3%AAncia" title="Independência – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Independência" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kachariy" title="Kachariy – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kachariy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independen%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Independență – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Independență" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Независимость – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Независимость" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%85_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83" title="Тутулуга суох буолуу – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тутулуга суох буолуу" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nnipinnenza" title="Nnipinnenza – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nnipinnenza" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unthirldom" title="Unthirldom – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Unthirldom" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="آزادي – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آزادي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nezavisnost" title="Nezavisnost – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nezavisnost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasimant" title="Tasimant – chleuh" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasimant" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="chleuh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA" title="ස්වාධීනත්‍වය – cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ස්වාධීනත්‍වය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence" title="Independence – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Independence" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neodvisnost" title="Neodvisnost – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Neodvisnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavar%C3%ABsia" title="Pavarësia – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pavarësia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Независност – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Независност" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamerd%C3%A9kaan" title="Kamerdékaan – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kamerdékaan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%A4lvst%C3%A4ndighet" title="Självständighet – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Självständighet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nchi_huru" title="Nchi huru – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nchi huru" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samostanowjy%C5%84y" title="Samostanowjyńy – silésien" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Samostanowjyńy" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="స్వాతంత్ర్యం – télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="స్వాతంత్ర్యం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" title="เอกราช – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอกราช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasarinlan" title="Kasarinlan – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kasarinlan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C4%9F%C4%B1ms%C4%B1zl%C4%B1k" title="Bağımsızlık – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bağımsızlık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahofadie_a_w%C9%94de_ma" title="Ahofadie a wɔde ma – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Ahofadie a wɔde ma" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Незалежність – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Незалежність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="آزادی – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آزادی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustaqillik" title="Mustaqillik – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mustaqillik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indipendensa" title="Indipendensa – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Indipendensa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99c_l%E1%BA%ADp" title="Độc lập – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Độc lập" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dislaxhaedje_(politike)" title="Dislaxhaedje (politike) – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Dislaxhaedje (politike)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independensya" title="Independensya – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Independensya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembte" title="Tembte – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Tembte" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B" title="独立 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="独立" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92m%C3%ACnira" title="Òmìnira – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Òmìnira" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onafankelijkeid" title="Onafankelijkeid – zélandais" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Onafankelijkeid" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zélandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A3%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%B3" title="ⴰⵣⴰⵔⵓⴳ – amazighe standard marocain" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵣⴰⵔⵓⴳ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazighe standard marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B" title="独立 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="独立" 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Ind%C3%A9pendance" class="mw-disambig" title="Indépendance">Indépendance</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-modere"><figure class="mw-halign-right noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:%C3%80_internationaliser" title="Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus."><img alt="Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus.</figcaption></figure><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Circle-icons-globe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Circle-icons-globe.svg/45px-Circle-icons-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Circle-icons-globe.svg/68px-Circle-icons-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Circle-icons-globe.svg/90px-Circle-icons-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article adopte un point de vue régional ou culturel particulier et nécessite une <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Internationalisation" title="Wikipédia:Internationalisation">internationalisation</a></strong> <small>(<time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-05" data-sort-value="2017-05">mai 2017</time>).</small> </p><p>Merci de l'<a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ind%C3%A9pendance_(politique)&action=edit">améliorer</a> ou d'en discuter sur sa <a href="/wiki/Discussion:Ind%C3%A9pendance_(politique)" title="Discussion:Indépendance (politique)">page de discussion</a> ! Vous pouvez préciser les sections à internationaliser en utilisant <a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Section_%C3%A0_internationaliser" title="Modèle:Section à internationaliser">{{section à internationaliser}}</a>. </p> </div></div> <p>L'<b>indépendance</b> est une condition pour une <a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">nation</a>, un <a href="/wiki/Pays" title="Pays">pays</a>, un <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat" title="État">État</a> dans lequel les résidents et la population exercent l'<a href="/wiki/Autogouvernance" title="Autogouvernance">autogouvernance</a>, et habituellement une <a href="/wiki/Souverainet%C3%A9" title="Souveraineté">souveraineté</a> totale sur le territoire. L'opposition de l'indépendance est le fait d'être totalement régenté par une autorité <a href="/wiki/Suzerainet%C3%A9" title="Suzeraineté">suzeraine</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Colonialisme" title="Colonialisme">coloniale</a>. </p><p>Cette indépendance est essentiellement politique. Elle se décline aussi sous différentes formes : </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ind%C3%A9pendance_%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique" title="Indépendance énergétique">indépendance énergétique</a> : <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9" title="Sécurité">sécurité</a> des approvisionnements en énergie (<a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9trole" title="Pétrole">pétrole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz">gaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>, etc.) ;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ind%C3%A9pendance_mon%C3%A9taire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indépendance monétaire (page inexistante)">indépendances monétaires</a> ;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarcie" title="Autarcie">indépendance économique</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr></li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accession_à_l'indépendance"><span id="Accession_.C3.A0_l.27ind.C3.A9pendance"></span>Accession à l'indépendance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ind%C3%A9pendance_(politique)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Accession à l'indépendance" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ind%C3%A9pendance_(politique)&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Accession à l'indépendance"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L’obtention d’une telle indépendance implique parfois des événements violents (<a href="/wiki/Guerre_civile" title="Guerre civile">guerre civile</a>) ou une <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9cession_(politique)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sécession (politique)">sécession</a>, plus rarement un processus politique négocié. Cela constitue en tout cas un moment particulièrement important dans la vie d’une <a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">nation</a>. La date de l'indépendance d'une nation est souvent l'occasion d'une célébration annuelle, dans certains cas, de la principale <a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_nationale" title="Fête nationale">fête nationale</a>. </p><p>La notion d'indépendance est délicate à utiliser pour certaines nations, notamment pour les plus anciennes, qui se sont formées progressivement, par accrétions successives et assimilations croisées. La notion d'indépendance n'y apparaît que tardivement et lentement, en même temps que l'idée de nation. Par exemple, il est assez ambigu de parler d'indépendance pour : </p> <ul><li>la <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> qui est, soit considérée comme <i>France</i> depuis son origine, soit considérée comme étant le résultat d'un processus d'extension du pouvoir de la famille des <a href="/wiki/Cap%C3%A9tiens" title="Capétiens">Capétiens</a> sur un territoire plus grand que celui qu'ils avaient à l'origine, le nom « France » apparaissant après le couronnement d'<a href="/wiki/Hugues_Capet" title="Hugues Capet">Hugues Capet</a> comme roi des <a href="/wiki/Francs" title="Francs">Francs</a> ;</li> <li>l'<a href="/wiki/Espagne" title="Espagne">Espagne</a> dont on ne peut pas parler d'indépendance, car l'unité de la nation espagnole résulte d'un processus d'unification par le haut de la <a href="/wiki/Castille" title="Castille">Castille</a> et de l'<a href="/wiki/Royaume_d%27Aragon" title="Royaume d'Aragon">Aragon</a>, processus amorcé depuis <a href="/wiki/1469" title="1469">1469</a>.</li></ul> <p>De nos jours, l'indépendance est souvent l'aboutissement d'un mouvement de tout ou partie de la population, souvent <a href="/wiki/Nationalisme" title="Nationalisme">nationaliste</a>, qui aboutit à la sécession ou à la séparation d'une partie d'un pays<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Territoires_réclamant_leur_indépendance"><span id="Territoires_r.C3.A9clamant_leur_ind.C3.A9pendance"></span>Territoires réclamant leur indépendance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ind%C3%A9pendance_(politique)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Territoires réclamant leur indépendance" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ind%C3%A9pendance_(politique)&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Territoires réclamant leur indépendance"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Articles détaillés : <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_mouvements_autonomistes_ou_s%C3%A9paratistes" title="Liste des mouvements autonomistes ou séparatistes">Liste des mouvements autonomistes ou séparatistes</a> et <a href="/wiki/Liste_de_pays_par_date_d%27acquisition_de_la_souverainet%C3%A9" title="Liste de pays par date d'acquisition de la souveraineté">Liste de pays par date d'acquisition de la souveraineté</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ind%C3%A9pendance_(politique)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ind%C3%A9pendance_(politique)&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé <span class="plainlinks">« <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence?oldid=429146598">Independence</a> » <small>(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence?action=history">voir la liste des auteurs</a>)</small></span>.</li></ul> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jiph.v6i2.2989.s278"><cite style="font-style:normal;">File PDF</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">dx.doi.org</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-04-03" data-sort-value="2020-04-03">3 avril 2020</time>)</small></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ind%C3%A9pendance_(politique)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ind%C3%A9pendance_(politique)&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/ind%C3%A9pendance" class="extiw" title="wikt:indépendance">indépendance</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonialisme" title="Colonialisme">Colonialisme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9ocolonialisme" title="Néocolonialisme">Néocolonialisme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9colonisation" title="Décolonisation">Décolonisation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comit%C3%A9_sp%C3%A9cial_de_la_d%C3%A9colonisation" title="Comité spécial de la décolonisation">Comité spécial de la décolonisation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ind%C3%A9pendantisme" title="Indépendantisme">Indépendantisme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerre_d%27ind%C3%A9pendance" title="Guerre d'indépendance">Guerre d'indépendance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rialisme" title="Impérialisme">Impérialisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Int%C3%A9grit%C3%A9_territoriale" title="Intégrité territoriale">Intégrité territoriale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souverainet%C3%A9" title="Souveraineté">Souveraineté</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ind%C3%A9pendance_(politique)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ind%C3%A9pendance_(politique)&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37055?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4186820-1">GND</a></span></li> </ul></div></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notice dans un dictionnaire ou une encyclopédie généraliste<span 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