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<span>Reserve lands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reserve_lands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spuzzum_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spuzzum_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Spuzzum people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spuzzum_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chief_and_Councillors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chief_and_Councillors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Chief and Councillors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chief_and_Councillors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treaty_Process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treaty_Process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Treaty Process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treaty_Process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economic Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social,_Educational_and_Cultural_Programs_and_Facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Spuzzum_First_Nation" title="Special:EditPage/Spuzzum First Nation">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Spuzzum+First+Nation%22">"Spuzzum First Nation"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Spuzzum+First+Nation%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Spuzzum+First+Nation%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Spuzzum+First+Nation%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Spuzzum+First+Nation%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Spuzzum+First+Nation%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2006</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Spuzzum First Nation</b> (<a href="/wiki/Thompson_language" title="Thompson language">Thompson</a>: <i lang="thp"><b>Spô’zêm</b></i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Nlaka%27pamux" title="Nlaka'pamux">Nlaka'pamux</a> <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> government located near <a href="/wiki/Spuzzum,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Spuzzum, British Columbia">Spuzzum, British Columbia</a>. It is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Canyon_Indian_Administration" title="Fraser Canyon Indian Administration">Fraser Canyon Indian Administration</a>, one of three <a href="/wiki/Tribal_council" title="Tribal council">tribal councils</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nlaka%27pamux" title="Nlaka'pamux">Nlaka'pamux</a> people. Other members of the Fraser Canyon Indian Administration are the <a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Bar_First_Nation" title="Kanaka Bar First Nation">Kanaka Bar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skuppah_First_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Skuppah First Nation">Skuppah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicomen_First_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicomen First Nation">Nicomen First Nations</a> (the Nicomen First Nation is also a member of the <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Tribal_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicola Tribal Association">Nicola Tribal Association</a>). </p><p>The Spuzzum First Nation reserve community and offices are located at <a href="/wiki/Spuzzum,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Spuzzum, British Columbia">Spuzzum</a> in the lower <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Canyon" title="Fraser Canyon">Fraser Canyon</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Bridge_Provincial_Park#Alexandra_Bridge_(original)" title="Alexandra Bridge Provincial Park">Alexandra Bridge</a> and about 10 miles north of <a href="/wiki/Yale,_British_Columbia" title="Yale, British Columbia">Yale</a>. </p><p>Other <a href="/wiki/Nlaka%27pamux" title="Nlaka'pamux">Nlaka'pamux</a> governments belong either to the <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Tribal_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicola Tribal Association">Nicola Tribal Association</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Nlaka%27pamux_Nation_Tribal_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Nlaka'pamux Nation Tribal Council">Nlaka'pamux Nation Tribal Council</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spuzzum_First_Nation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The chief of the Spuzzum in 1858, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kowpelst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kowpelst (page does not exist)">Kowpelst</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ("White Hat") was one of the first to work <a href="/wiki/Hill%27s_Bar" title="Hill's Bar">Hill's Bar</a> at the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Canyon_Gold_Rush" title="Fraser Canyon Gold Rush">Fraser Canyon Gold Rush</a> and was considered a "friendly Indian" during the <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Canyon_War" title="Fraser Canyon War">Fraser Canyon War</a> of that fall, which took place between the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American miners</a> and the upstream Nlaka'pamux of <a href="/wiki/Camchin" title="Camchin">Camchin</a>. He was appointed as a magistrate by Sir James Douglas During the <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Canyon_War" title="Fraser Canyon War">Fraser Canyon War</a>, a few thousand miners from bars farther up the canyon thronged at Spuzzum in terror of the upstream Nlaka'pamux, and some villages and food caches of the Spuzzum people were destroyed by armed parties of miners coming up from Yale, even though relations with the Spuzzum were considered friendlier than with their Nlaka'pamux kin farther upriver. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reserve_lands">Reserve lands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spuzzum_First_Nation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reserve lands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spuzzum First Nation has sixteen different reserves ranging greatly in size, and totaling 648 hectares (2.50 sq mi). The largest two (Spuzzum 1 and 1a) stand on the West Bank of the <a href="/wiki/Fraser_River" title="Fraser River">Fraser River</a> near the mouth of Spuzzum Creek.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Hectares </th></tr> <tr> <td>Chapman's Bar 10 </td> <td>2.80 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Long Tunnel 5 </td> <td>2.60 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Long Tunnel 5a </td> <td>35.90 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Papsilqua 2 </td> <td>16.60 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Papsilqua 2A </td> <td>27.70 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Papsilqua 2B </td> <td>20.30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Saddle Rock 9 </td> <td>32 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Skuet 6 </td> <td>4.70 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spuzzum 1 </td> <td>125.30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spuzzum 1A </td> <td>126.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spuzzum 7 </td> <td>46.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stout 8 </td> <td>47.90 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Teequaloose 3 </td> <td>7.70 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Teequaloose 3A </td> <td>60.40 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yelakin 4 </td> <td>26.80 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yelakin 4A </td> <td>64.70 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Combined area</b> </td> <td>648 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spuzzum_people">Spuzzum people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spuzzum_First_Nation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Spuzzum people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annie_York" title="Annie York">Annie York</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Stromquist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Stromquist (page does not exist)">Carl Stromquist</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brenda_Crabtree&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brenda Crabtree (page does not exist)">Brenda Crabtree</a>, a Spuzzum weaver at the <a href="/wiki/Emily_Carr_University_of_Art_and_Design" title="Emily Carr University of Art and Design">Emily Carr University of Art and Design</a>, <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chief_and_Councillors">Chief and Councillors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spuzzum_First_Nation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chief and Councillors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coloncial Chief James Hobart, Councillor Diana Stromquist and Councillor Angie Mitchell were elected on June 13, 2020. <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treaty_Process">Treaty Process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spuzzum_First_Nation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Treaty Process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spuzzum_First_Nation&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2010</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spuzzum_First_Nation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1878 Reserve Commission census found 237 people living in Spuzzum and neighbouring villages.<sup id="cite_ref-York2011_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-York2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harris2011_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris2011-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1881 census listed only 146 people, but the number is dubious since that era (during construction of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a>) would likely have been the community's peak population. Other estimates places the Indigenous population at the time around 400.<sup id="cite_ref-York2011_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-York2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of September 2015, the community had a registered population of 274, though only 46 lived on reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_Development">Economic Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spuzzum_First_Nation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economic Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spuzzum_First_Nation&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2010</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social,_Educational_and_Cultural_Programs_and_Facilities"><span id="Social.2C_Educational_and_Cultural_Programs_and_Facilities"></span>Social, Educational and Cultural Programs and Facilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spuzzum_First_Nation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Social, Educational and Cultural Programs and Facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spuzzum_First_Nation&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2010</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spuzzum_First_Nation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_language" title="Thompson language">Thompson language</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spuzzum_First_Nation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFYork2011" class="citation book cs1">York, Annie (2011-11-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TNI1g_h-LBcC"><i>Spuzzum: Fraser Canyon Histories 1808-1939</i></a>. UBC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780774841887" title="Special:BookSources/9780774841887"><bdi>9780774841887</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spuzzum%3A+Fraser+Canyon+Histories+1808-1939&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft.isbn=9780774841887&rft.aulast=York&rft.aufirst=Annie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTNI1g_h-LBcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpuzzum+First+Nation" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spuzzum_First_Nation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.59962/9780774852395-006">"Spuzzum"</a>, <i>Spuzzum</i>, University of British Columbia Press, pp. 23–37, 2007-10-01, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-5239-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-5239-5"><bdi>978-0-7748-5239-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-16</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spuzzum&rft.atitle=Spuzzum&rft.pages=23-37&rft.date=2007-10-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7748-5239-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.59962%2F9780774852395-006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpuzzum+First+Nation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIredale2019" class="citation journal cs1">Iredale, Jennifer (2019-10-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ojs.library.ubc.ca/index.php/bcstudies/article/view/191480">"Mali Quelqueltalko: The Writings of a Nineteenth-Century Nlaka'pamux Woman"</a>. <i>BC Studies: The British Columbian Quarterly</i> (203): 83–109. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14288%2Fbcs.v203i203.191480">10.14288/bcs.v203i203.191480</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0005-2949">0005-2949</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BC+Studies%3A+The+British+Columbian+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Mali+Quelqueltalko%3A+The+Writings+of+a+Nineteenth-Century+Nlaka%E2%80%99pamux+Woman&rft.issue=203&rft.pages=83-109&rft.date=2019-10-29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14288%2Fbcs.v203i203.191480&rft.issn=0005-2949&rft.aulast=Iredale&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fojs.library.ubc.ca%2Findex.php%2Fbcstudies%2Farticle%2Fview%2F191480&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpuzzum+First+Nation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNReserves.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=708&lang=eng">Reserves/Settlements/Villages</a>, Spuzzum Profile, Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Shawn J. Bobb (Lawyer) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deschutesgallery.com/stromquist.html">Carl Stromquist</a>, an accomplished artist of aboriginal descent, is descended from the Spuzzum first nation. His ancestry can be traced back to Xem't'sene, who was not a chief per se, but noted as a "man of power" within the community and is recorded to have had 42 children with numerous wives.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfu.museum/time/en/panoramas/long-chief/brenda-crabtree/">Brenda Crabtree</a>, "A Journey into Time Immemorial"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNGovernance.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=708&lang=eng">Governance</a>, Spuzzum Profile, Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-York2011-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-York2011_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-York2011_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYork2011" class="citation book cs1">York, Annie (2011-11-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TNI1g_h-LBcC&pg=PA23"><i>Spuzzum: Fraser Canyon Histories 1808-1939</i></a>. UBC Press. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780774841887" title="Special:BookSources/9780774841887"><bdi>9780774841887</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spuzzum%3A+Fraser+Canyon+Histories+1808-1939&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft.isbn=9780774841887&rft.aulast=York&rft.aufirst=Annie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTNI1g_h-LBcC%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpuzzum+First+Nation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris2011-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harris2011_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2011" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Cole (2011-11-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8dCKaRDfg_cC&pg=PA119"><i>The Resettlement of British Columbia: Essays on Colonialism and Geographical Change</i></a>. UBC Press. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780774842563" title="Special:BookSources/9780774842563"><bdi>9780774842563</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Resettlement+of+British+Columbia%3A+Essays+on+Colonialism+and+Geographical+Change&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft.isbn=9780774842563&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Cole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8dCKaRDfg_cC%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpuzzum+First+Nation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNRegPopulation.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=708&lang=eng">Registered Population</a>, Spuzzum Profile, Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?BAND_NUMBER=708&lang=eng">Indian and Northern Affairs Canada - First Nation Detail</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spuzzum_First_Nation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spuzzumnation.com/">Spuzzum First Nation</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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title="Nlaka'pamux Nation Tribal Council">Nlaka'pamux Nation Tribal Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashcroft_Indian_Band" title="Ashcroft Indian Band">Ashcroft Indian Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boothroyd_Indian_Band" title="Boothroyd Indian Band">Boothroyd Indian Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Bar_First_Nation" title="Boston Bar First Nation">Boston Bar First Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Jack_Creek_Band" title="Oregon Jack Creek Band">Oregon Jack Creek Band</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spuzzum First Nation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fraser_Canyon_Indian_Administration" title="Fraser Canyon Indian Administration">Fraser Canyon Indian Administration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Bar_Indian_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanaka Bar Indian Band">Kanaka Bar Indian Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skuppah_Indian_Band" title="Skuppah Indian Band">Skuppah Indian Band</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spuzzum First Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicomen_Indian_Band" title="Nicomen Indian Band">Nicomen Indian Band</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scw%E2%80%99exmx_Tribal_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Scw’exmx Tribal Council">Scw’exmx Tribal Council</a> (Formerly <i>Nicola Tribal Association</i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook%27s_Ferry_Indian_Band" title="Cook's Ferry Indian Band">Cook's Ferry Indian Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shackan_Indian_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="Shackan Indian Band">Shackan Indian Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicomen_Indian_Band" title="Nicomen Indian Band">Nicomen Indian Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nooaitch_Indian_Band" title="Nooaitch Indian Band">Nooaitch Indian Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Nicola_Indian_Band" title="Lower Nicola Indian Band">Lower Nicola Indian Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Nicola_Band" title="Upper Nicola Band">Upper Nicola Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coldwater_Indian_Band" title="Coldwater Indian Band">Coldwater Indian Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siska_Indian_Band" title="Siska Indian Band">Siska Indian Band</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unaffiliated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lytton_First_Nation" title="Lytton First Nation">Lytton First Nation</a></li></ul> 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