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Men Need to Worry About BRCA Mutations Too - The Atlantic
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" dir="ltr"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"/><link rel="icon" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/images/favicon-3888b0e329526a975703e3059a02b92d.ico"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/images/apple-touch-icon-default-b504d70343a9438df64c32ce339c7ebc.png"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/images/apple-touch-icon-76x76-d5accc11b8265af76495fbfa9d38dd3b.png"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/images/apple-touch-icon-120x120-419ba228184c040a691628d3dd82c206.png"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/images/apple-touch-icon-152x152-aafde20dd981a38fcd549b29b2b3b785.png"/><meta name="application-name" content="theatlantic"/><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#FFFFFF"/><meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/_next/static/images/apple-touch-icon-default-b504d70343a9438df64c32ce339c7ebc.png"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="The Atlantic"/><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/><meta property="fb:admins" content="577048155,17301937"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="100770816677686"/><meta property="fb:pages" content="29259828486,1468531833474495,1061579677251147,457711054591520,370457103090695,1631141167169115,148681772342453,1510507419185410,128344747344340,128377530562508,236061986423933"/><meta name="p:domain_verify" content="68e1a0361a557708fefc992f3309ed70"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@theatlantic"/><meta name="twitter:domain" content="theatlantic.com"/><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"WebSite","name":"The Atlantic","url":"https://www.theatlantic.com","inLanguage":"en-US","issn":"1072-7825","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https://www.theatlantic.com/search/?q={q}","query-input":"required name=q"}}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.theatlantic.com/#publisher","name":"The Atlantic","url":"https://www.theatlantic.com","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","unitCode":"E37","value":224},"height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","unitCode":"E37","value":224},"url":"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/assets/media/files/atlantic-logo--224x224.png"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/TheAtlantic","https://twitter.com/theatlantic"]}</script><style id="_vis_opt_path_hide">#paywall,#nonMeteredNudge,#gate {opacity:0;}</style><title>Men Need to Worry About BRCA Mutations Too - The Atlantic</title><meta name="description" content="BRCA mutations are inextricably linked with breasts, but they can also lead to cancer in the pancreas, the prostate, and maybe more parts of the body."/><meta property="krux:title" content="Men Need to Worry About BRCA Mutations Too - The Atlantic"/><meta property="krux:description" content="BRCA mutations are inextricably linked with breasts, but they can also lead to cancer in the pancreas, the prostate, and maybe more parts of the body."/><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2024/11/brca-breast-cancer-men-prostate-pancreas/680698/"/><link rel="image_src" href="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/QatnGEBdXo_j41VaZy7gR7RdriI=/0x83:2000x1125/1200x625/media/img/mt/2024/11/DNA_01/original.jpg"/><meta name="author" content="Kristen V. Brown"/><link rel="ia:markup_url" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/facebook-instant/article/680698/"/><meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/TheAtlantic/"/><meta property="article:opinion" content="false"/><meta property="article:content_tier" content="metered"/><meta property="article:tag" content="science"/><meta property="article:section" content="Health"/><meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-11-20T13:00:00Z"/><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-11-21T14:07:43Z"/><meta name="robots" content="index, follow, max-image-preview:large"/><meta property="og:title" content="The Cancer Gene More Men Should Test For"/><meta property="og:description" content="BRCA mutations are inextricably linked with breasts, but they can also lead to cancer in the pancreas, the prostate, and maybe more parts of the body."/><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2024/11/brca-breast-cancer-men-prostate-pancreas/680698/"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/QatnGEBdXo_j41VaZy7gR7RdriI=/0x83:2000x1125/1200x625/media/img/mt/2024/11/DNA_01/original.jpg"/><meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="FacebookShareMessage" content="For three decades, BRCA mutations have been inextricably linked with breast cancer. But branding BRCA as “the breast-cancer gene” has meant that some people—especially men—don’t realize that they, too, should get screened, @kristenvbrown reports:"/><meta name="TwitterShareMessage" content="For three decades, BRCA mutations have been inextricably linked with breast cancer. But branding BRCA as “the breast-cancer gene” has meant that some people—especially men—don’t realize that they, too, should get screened, @kristenvbrown reports:"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The Atlantic" href="/feed/all/"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Best of The Atlantic" href="/feed/best-of/"/><meta name="referrer" content="unsafe-url"/><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"/><meta name="apple-mobile-web-status-bar-style" content="black"/><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="The Atlantic"/><meta name="keywords" itemID="#keywords"/><meta name="news_keywords"/><meta name="sailthru.title" content="The Cancer Gene More Men Should Test For"/><meta name="sailthru.description" content="BRCA mutations are inextricably linked with breasts, but they can also lead to cancer in the pancreas, the prostate, and maybe more parts of the body."/><meta name="sailthru.tags" content="being-human,health,science,author-kristen-v-brown"/><meta name="sailthru.date" content="2024-11-20T13:00:00Z"/><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/packages/fonts/garamond/AGaramondPro-Regular.woff2" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/packages/fonts/graphik/Graphik-Regular-Web.woff2" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/packages/fonts/graphik/Graphik-Semibold-Web.woff2" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/packages/fonts/logic/LogicMonospace-Medium.woff2" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/packages/fonts/logic/LogicMonospace-Regular.woff2" crossorigin=""/><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Men Need to Worry About BRCA Mutations Too","alternativeHeadline":"The Cancer Gene More Men Should Test For","description":"BRCA mutations are inextricably linked with breasts, but they can also lead to cancer in the pancreas, the prostate, and maybe more parts of the body.","url":"https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2024/11/brca-breast-cancer-men-prostate-pancreas/680698/","datePublished":"2024-11-20T13:00:00Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T14:07:43Z","isAccessibleForFree":false,"hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","isAccessibleForFree":false,"cssSelector":".article-content-body"},"publisher":{"@id":"https://www.theatlantic.com/#publisher"},"mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2024/11/brca-breast-cancer-men-prostate-pancreas/680698/"},"image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","unitCode":"E37","value":720},"height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","unitCode":"E37","value":405},"url":"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/sFurlnCVImEKd0FzwhXjjqjTVzE=/0x0:2000x1125/720x405/media/img/mt/2024/11/DNA_01/original.jpg"},{"@type":"ImageObject","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","unitCode":"E37","value":1080},"height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","unitCode":"E37","value":1080},"url":"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/XNfypNaxl9mfCa-RSddsUZVdvrs=/438x0:1563x1125/1080x1080/media/img/mt/2024/11/DNA_01/original.jpg"},{"@type":"ImageObject","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","unitCode":"E37","value":1200},"height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","unitCode":"E37","value":900},"url":"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/qts9QB_j7VjBXh-g3elZsax6sLI=/249x0:1749x1125/1200x900/media/img/mt/2024/11/DNA_01/original.jpg"},{"@type":"ImageObject","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","unitCode":"E37","value":1600},"height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","unitCode":"E37","value":900},"url":"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/uE6JCGWLEnMD78k12r302S7MVOQ=/0x0:2000x1125/1600x900/media/img/mt/2024/11/DNA_01/original.jpg"},{"@type":"ImageObject","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","unitCode":"E37","value":960},"height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","unitCode":"E37","value":540},"url":"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/0ui-uxwmCFIM5bS3B9-YGf4LbIQ=/0x0:2000x1125/960x540/media/img/mt/2024/11/DNA_01/original.jpg"},{"@type":"ImageObject","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","unitCode":"E37","value":540},"height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","unitCode":"E37","value":540},"url":"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/h2nkC6j-o1yqzjGraXsgCahAyc0=/438x0:1563x1125/540x540/media/img/mt/2024/11/DNA_01/original.jpg"}],"author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Kristen V. 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project - title 4" data-label="https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2024/11/therapy-couch-lie-down-freud/680676/" data-event-element="title" data-event-position="4">Stop Looking at Your Therapist</h3></a><a class="ArticleBentoRecirc_articleAuthor__kirBf" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/author/shayla-love/" data-action="click link - project - author 4" data-label="https://www.theatlantic.com/author/shayla-love/" data-event-element="author" data-event-position="4">Shayla Love</a></li></ul></aside><article class="ArticleLayout_article__RHFMN article-content-body"><header class="ArticleHero_root__3w7kV ArticleHero_articleStandard__2tcdv" data-event-module="hero"><div class=""><div class="ArticleHero_defaultArticleLockup__vb8lz"><div class="ArticleHero_rubric__e4rjD"><div class="ArticleRubric_root__HNhbf" id="rubric" data-flatplan-rubric="true"><a class="ArticleRubric_link__nl9hy" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/projects/being-human/" data-action="click link - section rubric" data-label="https://www.theatlantic.com/projects/being-human/" data-event-element="rubric">Being Human</a></div></div><div class="ArticleHero_title__PQ4pC"><h1 class="ArticleTitle_root__VrZaG" data-flatplan-title="true">The Cancer Gene More Men Should Test For</h1></div><div class="ArticleHero_dek__EqdkK" data-flatplan-description="true"><p class="ArticleDek_root__P3leE">BRCA mutations are inextricably linked with breasts, but they can also lead to cancer in the pancreas, the prostate, and maybe more parts of the body.</p></div><div class="ArticleHero_byline__iFT6A"><div class="ArticleBylines_root__IBR5V"><address id="byline">By <a class="ArticleBylines_link__kNP4C" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/author/kristen-v-brown/" data-action="click author - 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Listen to more stories on the Noa app.</p></div><section class="ArticleBody_root__2gF81" data-event-module="article body" data-flatplan-body="true"><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true"><small><i data-stringify-type="italic">Sign up for </i><i data-stringify-type="italic"><a data-event-element="inline link" data-sk="tooltip_parent" data-stringify-link="https://www.theatlantic.com/newsletters/sign-up/being-human/" delay="150" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/newsletters/sign-up/being-human/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Being Human</a></i><i data-stringify-type="italic">, a newsletter that explores wellness culture,</i><b data-stringify-type="bold"><i data-stringify-type="italic"> </i></b><i data-stringify-type="italic">mortality and disease, and other mysteries of the body and the mind.</i></small></p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">When Mary-Claire King discovered the first gene linked to hereditary breast cancer <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://prevention.cancer.gov/about-dcp/history-and-timeline/commemoration-50th/mary-claire-king#:~:text=D.-,Discovering%20the%20Hereditary%20Breast%20Cancer%20Gene,for%20their%20higher%20disease%20risk.">in 1990</a>, she also got to decide its name. She settled on the four letters <em>BRCA</em>, which had three distinct meanings. The name paid homage to UC Berkeley, where King worked at the time; more to the point, it was a nod to <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Broca">Paul Broca</a>, the 19th-century French physician whose work <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3063560/#:~:text=In%201866%2C%20Paul%20Broca%20was,the%20development%20of%20the%20disease.">established</a> a link between family history and breast cancer. It was also an abbreviation for breast cancer.</p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">A few years after King discovered BRCA1, a second BRCA gene, BRCA2, was identified. Together, they now have more name recognition than probably any other gene, their profile boosted by research that has shown <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet">staggering</a> effects on cancer risk. Awareness campaigns followed. A 2013 <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/14/opinion/my-medical-choice.html"><em>New York Times </em>op-ed</a> in which Angelina Jolie revealed she’d had a preventive double mastectomy because of her own BRCA mutation drove many women to seek DNA tests themselves. The BRCA genes became inextricably linked with breasts, as much as the pink ribbons that have become an international symbol of breast cancer. And in driving more women to find out if they have BRCA mutations, it’s helped to greatly <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2024/brca-breast-ovarian-cancer-mri-surgery-fewer-deaths">reduce</a> the risk of hereditary breast cancer.</p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">But in the three decades since the genes were discovered, scientists have learned that BRCA mutations can also lead to cancer in the ovaries, the pancreas, and the prostate. More recently, they have been linked with cancers in <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2791277">other parts of the body</a>, such as the esophagus, <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s10038-023-01177-7#:~:text=Although%20there%20is%20not%20substantial,increased%20risk%20for%20stomach%20cancer.">stomach,</a> and <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://hccpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13053-024-00277-5">skin</a>. As many as<a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet#r2"> 60 percent of men</a> with changes in BRCA2 develop prostate cancer, yet men are <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7249566/#:~:text=Unfortunately%2C%20men%20are%20not%20well,Washington's%20School%20of%20Medicine%2C%20stated%2C">generally far less aware</a> than women that BRCA mutations can affect them at all.</p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">“It’s a branding problem,” Colin Pritchard, a professor of laboratory medicine and pathology at the University of Washington, told me. Men with family histories of breast cancer may not realize that they should get screened. Physicians, too, <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/center-news/2024/07/brca-genes-why-men-should-be-screened.html">lack awareness</a> of which men should get tested, and what steps to take when a mutation is found. Now Pritchard and other researchers are working to rebrand BRCA and the syndrome associated with it so that more men and their doctors consider testing.</p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">Normally, the BRCA genes produce proteins that help repair damaged DNA throughout the body. Most people who carry mutations that impair the gene’s function are diagnosed with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. (Having HBOC means a person is at increased risk for cancer, not that they already have an illness.) Most breast-cancer cases have no known hereditary link, but more than <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet">60 percent of women</a> with a harmful BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation will develop breast cancer, compared with about 13 percent of the wider female population. Men, of course, can get breast cancer too, but it's <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet#r2">rare</a>, even among BRCA-mutation carriers.</p><p id="injected-recirculation-link-0" class="ArticleRelatedContentLink_root__VYc9V" data-view-action="view link - injected link - item 1" data-event-element="injected link" data-event-position="1"><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2024/05/galleri-multi-cancer-blood-test/678267/">Read: Cancer supertests are here</a></p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">The full significance of the link between BRCA mutations and pancreatic and prostate cancer has become clear only recently—perhaps in the past decade, said Pritchard. The exact <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet#r2">risk</a> these mutations impart to men varies widely in studies. But it’s clearly significant: Not only are men with BRCA mutations more likely to develop prostate cancer, they are also more likely to develop the more aggressive forms of the disease.</p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">Roughly one in 400 people carry a harmful mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2, and <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/center-news/2024/07/brca-genes-why-men-should-be-screened.html#:~:text=Far%20less%20well%20known%2C%20however,a%20BRCA1%20or%20BRCA2%20mutation">half</a> of them are men. But women are far more likely to have been tested for the mutations—up to <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2678958#google_vignette">10 times</a> as likely, according to one study. “Beyoncé’s dad was the only man that I had ever heard of who had it,” Christian Anderson, a 46-year-old social-sciences professor in Washington State who carries a BRCA2 mutation, told me. Anderson got tested after his sister was diagnosed with breast cancer, but countless men like him go undetected. Only about <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/physician-visits.htm">half</a> of Americans get an annual physical, and doctors <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/center-news/2024/07/brca-genes-why-men-should-be-screened.html">aren’t always aware</a> of <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.basser.org/brca/brca-men">BRCA-screening recommendations</a> for men. Many men who do test for a BRCA mutation report doing it for their daughters, and studies have shown that they tend to be <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10897-018-0276-y">confused</a> about their risks of developing cancer themselves.<br/> <br/> BRCA-awareness campaigns have led many women to get tested; in the two weeks after Angelina Jolie’s viral op-ed, <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.vox.com/2016/12/14/13954260/angelina-jolie-breast-cancer-brca-health-research">researchers found</a> that BRCA-testing rates went up by 65 percent. In that case, more people may gotten tested than needed to, but in general, the rise in cancer screenings and elective surgical interventions have helped <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2024/brca-breast-ovarian-cancer-mri-surgery-fewer-deaths">reduce</a> the rates of deaths from breast and ovarian cancers. Education about the genes’ links to other cancers could do the same for men. To that end, Pritchard argued in a 2019 <em>Nature</em> <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02015-7">commentary</a> that Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer syndrome should be renamed King Syndrome after Mary-Claire King. “We need to really rethink this if we're going to educate the public about the importance of these genes for cancer risk for everyone, not just women,” he told me.</p><p id="injected-recirculation-link-1" class="ArticleRelatedContentLink_root__VYc9V" data-view-action="view link - injected link - item 2" data-event-element="injected link" data-event-position="2"><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2021/08/caitlin-flanagan-secret-of-surviving-cancer/619844/">Read: I’ll tell you the secret of cancer</a></p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">As understanding of BRCA’s risks for men has grown, Pritchard’s idea has started to <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.oaepublish.com/articles/jtgg.2021.17">catch on</a>. King, who is now a professor of genome sciences and medicine at the University of Washington, demurred when I asked her whether the syndrome associated with the BRCA genes should be renamed after her, but agreed that awareness campaigns have focused too narrowly on breasts and ovaries. “We need to bring this awareness to men in the same way that we have for 30 years now to women,” she told me.</p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">How exactly Pritchard’s plan might be put into action is unclear. Gene names are overseen by an <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://www.genenames.org/help/faq/#:~:text=General-,What%20is%20the%20HGNC?,and%20our%20remit%20and%20history.">international committee</a> and <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://blog.genenames.org/hgnc/2019/09/30/Minimising_changes/#:~:text=In%20most%20cases%2C%20when%20a,8%E2%80%9D%20to%20%E2%80%9CSMCR8%2DC9orf72">rarely changed.</a> That’s part of why Pritchard is suggesting that the name of the <em>syndrome</em> associated with BRCA mutations become King Syndrome—no single governing body oversees that. Recently, ClinGen, an international group of researchers that works to parse the medical significance of genes, recommended that HBOC be rechristened <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://search.clinicalgenome.org/kb/conditions/MONDO:0700268">BRCA-related cancer predisposition</a>. (Pritchard told me he thinks that name isn’t quite as “catchy” as King Syndrome.)</p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">Uncoupling the syndrome associated with BRCA mutations from breasts would likely be only the first step in getting more at-risk men screened for cancer. It would also be an important step in understanding the full impact of BRCA mutations on men. Because fewer men than women have been tested for BRCA mutations, scientists still don’t have a complete picture of their risk. For example, Pritchard told me, it’s only as more attention has been drawn to male BRCA risk that researchers have discovered mutations are linked to especially aggressive forms of prostate cancer. Penn Medicine recently <a data-event-element="inline link" href="https://giving.upenn.edu/a-moment-for-mens-health/#:~:text=Thanks%20to%20an%20anonymous%20gift,clinical%20care%2C%20and%20research.%E2%80%9D">launched</a> a program dedicated to men and BRCA in part to continue this sort of research.</p><p id="injected-recirculation-link-2" class="ArticleRelatedContentLink_root__VYc9V" data-view-action="view link - injected link - item 3" data-event-element="injected link" data-event-position="3"><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/01/cancer-culture-media-plasmax/579283/">Read: Scientists have been studying cancers in a very strange way for decades</a></p><p class="ArticleParagraph_root__4mszW" data-flatplan-paragraph="true">BRCA’s name is a legacy of a time when scientists thought genetics would offer a simple way to diagnose and treat disease—that one specific mutation would point definitively to one specific cancer. But today, “the idea that a gene would only affect one type of cancer risk is probably outmoded,” Pritchard said. The more scientists explore the human genome, the more complex its connections to health appear. It turns out that when genes don’t work like they should, the possible consequences may very well be infinite.</p><div class="ArticleBody_divider__GpNxD" id="article-end"></div></section><div data-event-module="footer"><div class="ArticleWell_root__fueCa"><div data-event-module="author footer" class="ArticleFooter_authorFooter__5NsdY"><div class="SectionHeading_root__3GnqT"><h3 class="SectionHeading_heading__iNkek">About the Author</h3></div><div><div class="ArticleBio_root__ua8zj"><address id="article-writer-0" class="ArticleBio_author__6pDyl" data-event-element="author" data-event-position="1" data-flatplan-bio="true"><div class="ArticleBio_content__O0ZVF"><a class="ArticleBio_headshotContainer__Am2nR" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/author/kristen-v-brown/" data-event-element="image"><img alt="" loading="lazy" class="Image_root__XxsOp Image_lazy__hYWHV ArticleBio_headshot__6Aykd" src="https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/Si1q058TVEGsvZVaDPIKolSEn9U=/0x0:2700x2700/120x120/media/img/authors/2024/10/HR_IMG_0635_1/original.jpg" width="60" height="60"/></a><div class="ArticleBio_bioSection__Hef4P"><div data-flatplan-bio="true"><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/author/kristen-v-brown/" class="author-link" data-label="https://www.theatlantic.com/author/kristen-v-brown/" data-action="click author - name" >Kristen V. Brown</a> is a staff writer at<em> The Atlantic.</em></div><div class="ArticleBio_moreStories__LKpwT"><p class="ArticleBio_contentHeading__cmbmT">More Stories</p><a class="ArticleBio_storyLink__xuRiU" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2024/11/dna-genetic-discrimination-insurance-privacy/680626/" data-event-element="more stories" data-event-position="1"><p>Genetic Discrimination Is Coming for Us All</p></a><a class="ArticleBio_storyLink__xuRiU" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2024/10/abortion-roe-dobbs-election-hangover/680332/" data-event-element="more stories" data-event-position="2"><p>There’s No Coming Back From <em>Dobbs</em></p></a></div></div></div></address></div></div></div><div class="ArticleTags_root__zS_pT"><div class="ArticleTags_tagTitle__WjjAt">Explore More Topics</div><div><span class="ArticleTags_tagLink__SZysG"><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/tag/general/disease/">disease</a></span></div></div></div><div></div></div><gpt-ad class="GptAd_root__pAvcS ArticleInjector_root__I7x9v s-native s-native--standard s-native--streamline" format="injector" sizes-at-0="mobile-wide,native,house" targeting-pos="injector-most-popular" sizes-at-976="desktop-wide,native,house"></gpt-ad><div class="ArticleInjector_clsAvoider__dqIAm"></div></article><div></div></main><div></div><div></div></div></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"isLoggedIn":false,"hasPaywallAccess":false,"hasAdFree":false,"pageProps":{"id":"BlogArticle:680698","isTnfCompatible":true,"layout":"standard","hasMeter":true,"url":"https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2024/11/brca-breast-cancer-men-prostate-pancreas/680698/","dateModified":"2024-11-21T14:07:43Z","__typename":"BlogArticle","notFound":false,"urqlState":{"561051292":{"data":"{\"article\":{\"primaryCategory\":{\"isFranchise\":false,\"icon\":null,\"longDek\":\"\",\"shortDek\":\"\",\"displayName\":\"Being Human\",\"url\":\"https://www.theatlantic.com/projects/being-human/\",\"pinnedItem\":null,\"river\":{\"edges\":[{\"node\":{\"id\":\"BlogArticle:680698\",\"title\":\"The Cancer Gene More Men Should Test For\",\"url\":\"https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2024/11/brca-breast-cancer-men-prostate-pancreas/680698/\",\"authors\":[{\"id\":\"Author:20684\",\"displayName\":\"Kristen V. 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Brown\",\"__typename\":\"Author\",\"id\":\"Author:20684\",\"biography\":{\"default\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.theatlantic.com/author/kristen-v-brown/\\\" class=\\\"author-link\\\" data-label=\\\"https://www.theatlantic.com/author/kristen-v-brown/\\\" data-action=\\\"click author - name\\\" \u003eKristen V. Brown\u003c/a\u003e is a staff writer at\u003cem\u003e The Atlantic.\u003c/em\u003e\",\"__typename\":\"Biography\"},\"headshot\":{\"width\":120,\"height\":120,\"srcSet\":\"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/Si1q058TVEGsvZVaDPIKolSEn9U=/0x0:2700x2700/120x120/media/img/authors/2024/10/HR_IMG_0635_1/original.jpg, https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/iXwVN1Tw5Y0veDPjyVZ0uy1PqO0=/0x0:2700x2700/240x240/media/img/authors/2024/10/HR_IMG_0635_1/original.jpg 2x\",\"url\":\"https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/Si1q058TVEGsvZVaDPIKolSEn9U=/0x0:2700x2700/120x120/media/img/authors/2024/10/HR_IMG_0635_1/original.jpg\",\"__typename\":\"BasicImage\"},\"river\":{\"edges\":[{\"cursor\":\"MjAyNC0xMS0yMCAwODowMDowMHw2ODA2OTg=\",\"node\":{\"id\":\"BlogArticle:680698\",\"title\":\"The Cancer Gene More Men Should Test For\",\"url\":\"https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2024/11/brca-breast-cancer-men-prostate-pancreas/680698/\",\"__typename\":\"BlogArticle\"},\"__typename\":\"PromoEdge\"},{\"cursor\":\"MjAyNC0xMS0xMiAwNzozMDowMHw2ODA2MjY=\",\"node\":{\"id\":\"BlogArticle:680626\",\"title\":\"Genetic Discrimination Is Coming for Us All\",\"url\":\"https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2024/11/dna-genetic-discrimination-insurance-privacy/680626/\",\"__typename\":\"BlogArticle\"},\"__typename\":\"PromoEdge\"},{\"cursor\":\"MjAyNC0xMC0yMiAxMjozODo0N3w2ODAzMzI=\",\"node\":{\"id\":\"BlogArticle:680332\",\"title\":\"There’s No Coming Back From \u003cem\u003eDobbs\u003c/em\u003e\",\"url\":\"https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2024/10/abortion-roe-dobbs-election-hangover/680332/\",\"__typename\":\"BlogArticle\"},\"__typename\":\"PromoEdge\"}],\"__typename\":\"RiverConnection\"},\"slug\":\"kristen-v-brown\",\"socialMedia\":[]}],\"authorContext\":\"\",\"categories\":[],\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"\u003csmall\u003e\u003ci data-stringify-type=\\\"italic\\\"\u003eSign up for \u003c/i\u003e\u003ci data-stringify-type=\\\"italic\\\"\u003e\u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" data-sk=\\\"tooltip_parent\\\" data-stringify-link=\\\"https://www.theatlantic.com/newsletters/sign-up/being-human/\\\" delay=\\\"150\\\" href=\\\"https://www.theatlantic.com/newsletters/sign-up/being-human/\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eBeing Human\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci data-stringify-type=\\\"italic\\\"\u003e, a newsletter that explores wellness culture,\u003c/i\u003e\u003cb data-stringify-type=\\\"bold\\\"\u003e\u003ci data-stringify-type=\\\"italic\\\"\u003e \u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003ci data-stringify-type=\\\"italic\\\"\u003emortality and disease, and other mysteries of the body and the mind.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/small\u003e\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"When Mary-Claire King discovered the first gene linked to hereditary breast cancer \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://prevention.cancer.gov/about-dcp/history-and-timeline/commemoration-50th/mary-claire-king#:~:text=D.-,Discovering%20the%20Hereditary%20Breast%20Cancer%20Gene,for%20their%20higher%20disease%20risk.\\\"\u003ein 1990\u003c/a\u003e, she also got to decide its name. She settled on the four letters \u003cem\u003eBRCA\u003c/em\u003e, which had three distinct meanings. The name paid homage to UC Berkeley, where King worked at the time; more to the point, it was a nod to \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Broca\\\"\u003ePaul Broca\u003c/a\u003e, the 19th-century French physician whose work \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3063560/#:~:text=In%201866%2C%20Paul%20Broca%20was,the%20development%20of%20the%20disease.\\\"\u003eestablished\u003c/a\u003e a link between family history and breast cancer. It was also an abbreviation for breast cancer.\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"A few years after King discovered BRCA1, a second BRCA gene, BRCA2, was identified. Together, they now have more name recognition than probably any other gene, their profile boosted by research that has shown \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet\\\"\u003estaggering\u003c/a\u003e effects on cancer risk. Awareness campaigns followed. A 2013 \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/14/opinion/my-medical-choice.html\\\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNew York Times \u003c/em\u003eop-ed\u003c/a\u003e in which Angelina Jolie revealed she’d had a preventive double mastectomy because of her own BRCA mutation drove many women to seek DNA tests themselves. The BRCA genes became inextricably linked with breasts, as much as the pink ribbons that have become an international symbol of breast cancer. And in driving more women to find out if they have BRCA mutations, it’s helped to greatly \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2024/brca-breast-ovarian-cancer-mri-surgery-fewer-deaths\\\"\u003ereduce\u003c/a\u003e the risk of hereditary breast cancer.\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"But in the three decades since the genes were discovered, scientists have learned that BRCA mutations can also lead to cancer in the ovaries, the pancreas, and the prostate. More recently, they have been linked with cancers in \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2791277\\\"\u003eother parts of the body\u003c/a\u003e, such as the esophagus, \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s10038-023-01177-7#:~:text=Although%20there%20is%20not%20substantial,increased%20risk%20for%20stomach%20cancer.\\\"\u003estomach,\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://hccpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13053-024-00277-5\\\"\u003eskin\u003c/a\u003e. As many as\u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet#r2\\\"\u003e 60 percent of men\u003c/a\u003e with changes in BRCA2 develop prostate cancer, yet men are \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7249566/#:~:text=Unfortunately%2C%20men%20are%20not%20well,Washington's%20School%20of%20Medicine%2C%20stated%2C\\\"\u003egenerally far less aware\u003c/a\u003e than women that BRCA mutations can affect them at all.\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"“It’s a branding problem,” Colin Pritchard, a professor of laboratory medicine and pathology at the University of Washington, told me. Men with family histories of breast cancer may not realize that they should get screened. Physicians, too, \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/center-news/2024/07/brca-genes-why-men-should-be-screened.html\\\"\u003elack awareness\u003c/a\u003e of which men should get tested, and what steps to take when a mutation is found. Now Pritchard and other researchers are working to rebrand BRCA and the syndrome associated with it so that more men and their doctors consider testing.\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"Normally, the BRCA genes produce proteins that help repair damaged DNA throughout the body. Most people who carry mutations that impair the gene’s function are diagnosed with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. (Having HBOC means a person is at increased risk for cancer, not that they already have an illness.) Most breast-cancer cases have no known hereditary link, but more than \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet\\\"\u003e60 percent of women\u003c/a\u003e with a harmful BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation will develop breast cancer, compared with about 13 percent of the wider female population. Men, of course, can get breast cancer too, but it's \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet#r2\\\"\u003erare\u003c/a\u003e, even among BRCA-mutation carriers.\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleRelatedContentLink\",\"idAttr\":\"injected-recirculation-link-0\",\"innerHtml\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2024/05/galleri-multi-cancer-blood-test/678267/\\\"\u003eRead: Cancer supertests are here\u003c/a\u003e\",\"index\":0},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"The full significance of the link between BRCA mutations and pancreatic and prostate cancer has become clear only recently—perhaps in the past decade, said Pritchard. The exact \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet#r2\\\"\u003erisk\u003c/a\u003e these mutations impart to men varies widely in studies. But it’s clearly significant: Not only are men with BRCA mutations more likely to develop prostate cancer, they are also more likely to develop the more aggressive forms of the disease.\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"Roughly one in 400 people carry a harmful mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2, and \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/center-news/2024/07/brca-genes-why-men-should-be-screened.html#:~:text=Far%20less%20well%20known%2C%20however,a%20BRCA1%20or%20BRCA2%20mutation\\\"\u003ehalf\u003c/a\u003e of them are men. But women are far more likely to have been tested for the mutations—up to \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2678958#google_vignette\\\"\u003e10 times\u003c/a\u003e as likely, according to one study. “Beyoncé’s dad was the only man that I had ever heard of who had it,” Christian Anderson, a 46-year-old social-sciences professor in Washington State who carries a BRCA2 mutation, told me. Anderson got tested after his sister was diagnosed with breast cancer, but countless men like him go undetected. Only about \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/physician-visits.htm\\\"\u003ehalf\u003c/a\u003e of Americans get an annual physical, and doctors \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/center-news/2024/07/brca-genes-why-men-should-be-screened.html\\\"\u003earen’t always aware\u003c/a\u003e of \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.basser.org/brca/brca-men\\\"\u003eBRCA-screening recommendations\u003c/a\u003e for men. Many men who do test for a BRCA mutation report doing it for their daughters, and studies have shown that they tend to be \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10897-018-0276-y\\\"\u003econfused\u003c/a\u003e about their risks of developing cancer themselves.\u003cbr/\u003e \u003cbr/\u003e BRCA-awareness campaigns have led many women to get tested; in the two weeks after Angelina Jolie’s viral op-ed, \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.vox.com/2016/12/14/13954260/angelina-jolie-breast-cancer-brca-health-research\\\"\u003eresearchers found\u003c/a\u003e that BRCA-testing rates went up by 65 percent. In that case, more people may gotten tested than needed to, but in general, the rise in cancer screenings and elective surgical interventions have helped \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2024/brca-breast-ovarian-cancer-mri-surgery-fewer-deaths\\\"\u003ereduce\u003c/a\u003e the rates of deaths from breast and ovarian cancers. Education about the genes’ links to other cancers could do the same for men. To that end, Pritchard argued in a 2019 \u003cem\u003eNature\u003c/em\u003e \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02015-7\\\"\u003ecommentary\u003c/a\u003e that Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer syndrome should be renamed King Syndrome after Mary-Claire King. “We need to really rethink this if we're going to educate the public about the importance of these genes for cancer risk for everyone, not just women,” he told me.\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleRelatedContentLink\",\"idAttr\":\"injected-recirculation-link-1\",\"innerHtml\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2021/08/caitlin-flanagan-secret-of-surviving-cancer/619844/\\\"\u003eRead: I’ll tell you the secret of cancer\u003c/a\u003e\",\"index\":1},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"As understanding of BRCA’s risks for men has grown, Pritchard’s idea has started to \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.oaepublish.com/articles/jtgg.2021.17\\\"\u003ecatch on\u003c/a\u003e. King, who is now a professor of genome sciences and medicine at the University of Washington, demurred when I asked her whether the syndrome associated with the BRCA genes should be renamed after her, but agreed that awareness campaigns have focused too narrowly on breasts and ovaries. “We need to bring this awareness to men in the same way that we have for 30 years now to women,” she told me.\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"How exactly Pritchard’s plan might be put into action is unclear. Gene names are overseen by an \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://www.genenames.org/help/faq/#:~:text=General-,What%20is%20the%20HGNC?,and%20our%20remit%20and%20history.\\\"\u003einternational committee\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://blog.genenames.org/hgnc/2019/09/30/Minimising_changes/#:~:text=In%20most%20cases%2C%20when%20a,8%E2%80%9D%20to%20%E2%80%9CSMCR8%2DC9orf72\\\"\u003erarely changed.\u003c/a\u003e That’s part of why Pritchard is suggesting that the name of the \u003cem\u003esyndrome\u003c/em\u003e associated with BRCA mutations become King Syndrome—no single governing body oversees that. Recently, ClinGen, an international group of researchers that works to parse the medical significance of genes, recommended that HBOC be rechristened \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://search.clinicalgenome.org/kb/conditions/MONDO:0700268\\\"\u003eBRCA-related cancer predisposition\u003c/a\u003e. (Pritchard told me he thinks that name isn’t quite as “catchy” as King Syndrome.)\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"Uncoupling the syndrome associated with BRCA mutations from breasts would likely be only the first step in getting more at-risk men screened for cancer. It would also be an important step in understanding the full impact of BRCA mutations on men. Because fewer men than women have been tested for BRCA mutations, scientists still don’t have a complete picture of their risk. For example, Pritchard told me, it’s only as more attention has been drawn to male BRCA risk that researchers have discovered mutations are linked to especially aggressive forms of prostate cancer. Penn Medicine recently \u003ca data-event-element=\\\"inline link\\\" href=\\\"https://giving.upenn.edu/a-moment-for-mens-health/#:~:text=Thanks%20to%20an%20anonymous%20gift,clinical%20care%2C%20and%20research.%E2%80%9D\\\"\u003elaunched\u003c/a\u003e a program dedicated to men and BRCA in part to continue this sort of research.\"},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleRelatedContentLink\",\"idAttr\":\"injected-recirculation-link-2\",\"innerHtml\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/01/cancer-culture-media-plasmax/579283/\\\"\u003eRead: Scientists have been studying cancers in a very strange way for decades\u003c/a\u003e\",\"index\":2},{\"__typename\":\"ArticleParagraphContent\",\"subtype\":null,\"idAttr\":\"\",\"innerHtml\":\"BRCA’s name is a legacy of a time when scientists thought genetics would offer a simple way to diagnose and treat disease—that one specific mutation would point definitively to one specific cancer. But today, “the idea that a gene would only affect one type of cancer risk is probably outmoded,” Pritchard said. The more scientists explore the human genome, the more complex its connections to health appear. It turns out that when genes don’t work like they should, the possible consequences may very well be infinite.\"}],\"editorialProject\":{\"river\":{\"edges\":[{\"node\":{\"__typename\":\"BlogArticle\",\"url\":\"https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2024/11/brca-breast-cancer-men-prostate-pancreas/680698/\",\"title\":\"The Cancer Gene More Men Should Test For\",\"authors\":[{\"url\":\"https://www.theatlantic.com/author/kristen-v-brown/\",\"displayName\":\"Kristen V. 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