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Saadaval 25 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A8_%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A" title="مركب وسطي – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مركب وسطي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senyawa_intermediat" title="Senyawa intermediat – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Senyawa intermediat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C3%A1n-%C3%A8ng_tiong-kan-th%C3%A9" title="Hoán-èng tiong-kan-thé – lõunamini" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoán-èng tiong-kan-thé" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="lõunamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoffwechselintermediat" title="Stoffwechselintermediat – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stoffwechselintermediat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction_intermediate" title="Reaction intermediate – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Reaction intermediate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermedio_de_reacci%C3%B3n" title="Intermedio de reacción – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Intermedio de reacción" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erreakzio_bitarteko" title="Erreakzio bitarteko – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erreakzio bitarteko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ترکیب میانی – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترکیب میانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interm%C3%A9diaire_r%C3%A9actionnel" title="Intermédiaire réactionnel – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Intermédiaire réactionnel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%91_%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%B2%B4" title="반응 중간체 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="반응 중간체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermedio_di_reazione" title="Intermedio di reazione – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Intermedio di reazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="חומר ביניים – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חומר ביניים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ent%C3%A8medy%C3%A8" title="Entèmedyè – haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Entèmedyè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overgangstoestand" title="Overgangstoestand – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Overgangstoestand" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%BF%9C%E4%B8%AD%E9%96%93%E4%BD%93" title="反応中間体 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="反応中間体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produkt_przej%C5%9Bciowy" title="Produkt przejściowy – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Produkt przejściowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermedi%C3%A1rio_reaccional" title="Intermediário reaccional – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Intermediário reaccional" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediar_de_reac%C8%9Bie" title="Intermediar de reacție – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Intermediar de reacție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Интермедиат – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Интермедиат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction_intermediate" title="Reaction intermediate – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Reaction intermediate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reak%C4%8Dn%C3%BD_medziprodukt" title="Reakčný medziprodukt – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Reakčný medziprodukt" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediat" title="Intermediat – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Intermediat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaksiyon_ara_%C3%BCr%C3%BCnleri" title="Reaksiyon ara ürünleri – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Reaksiyon ara ürünleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Інтермедіат – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Інтермедіат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BD%93" title="反应中间体 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="反应中间体" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7458208#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> 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<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><p><b>Intermediaat</b> on <a href="/wiki/Keemiline_reaktsioon" title="Keemiline reaktsioon">keemilises protsessis</a> esinev <b>vaheühend</b>, mis ei ole lähteühend ega lõppsaadus (lõpp-produkt), kuid mida <a href="/wiki/Reaktsiooni_tee" title="Reaktsiooni tee">reaktsiooni teel</a> iseloomustab teatud energia miinimum. </p><p>Enamasti mõeldakse intermediaadi all reaktsiooni lühiealist vahesaadust, mille eraldamine ei ole võimalik või mis nõuab spetsiifilist metoodikat. </p> <ul><li>Intermediaat on <a href="/wiki/Astmeline_reaktsioon" title="Astmeline reaktsioon">astmelises</a> <a href="/wiki/Keemiline_reaktsioon" title="Keemiline reaktsioon">keemilises reaktsioonis</a> esinev lühiealine ebastabiilne vaheühend, mis tavaliste meetoditega ei ole väljaeraldatav. Ebastabiilsed intermediaadid moodustuvad paljudes <a href="/wiki/Katal%C3%BC%C3%BCs" title="Katalüüs">katalüütilistes reaktsioonides</a>, näiteks, <a href="/wiki/Ioonid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ioonid">ioonid</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doonor-aktseptor_kompleks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doonor-aktseptor kompleks (pole veel kirjutatud)">doonor-aktseptor kompleksid</a> jm. Orgaanilises keemias klassifitseeritakse reaktsiooni mehhanisme ka vastavalt aktiivse vaheühendi tüübile, nagu näiteks <a href="/wiki/Karbokatioonid" title="Karbokatioonid">karbokatioonid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karbanioonid" class="mw-redirect" title="Karbanioonid">karbanioonid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaba_radikaal" title="Vaba radikaal">vabad radikaalid</a> jm. Reaktsiooni intermediaadi olemasolu võib vahel kindlaks teha füüsiko-keemiliste meetoditega või postuleerida kaudsete andmete põhjal. Ebastabiilsete intermediaatide <a href="/wiki/Kontsentratsioon" title="Kontsentratsioon">kontsentratsioon</a> on tavaliselt väga väike ja praktiliselt konstantne ning <a href="/wiki/Keemiline_kineetika" title="Keemiline kineetika">kineetiliste võrrandite</a> lahendamisel saab kasutada <a href="/wiki/Statsionaarne_olek_(keemia)" title="Statsionaarne olek (keemia)">statsionaarse oleku lähendust</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Intermediaat on keemilises reaktsioonis esinev vaheühend (vahesaadus), mis reageerib üsna kiiresti edasi ja lõppsaaduses võib esineda vaid madala <a href="/wiki/Konversioon_(keemia)" title="Konversioon (keemia)">konversiooniastme</a> korral. Näiteks <a href="/wiki/Dioolid" title="Dioolid">dioolide</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esterdamine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esterdamine (pole veel kirjutatud)">esterdamisel</a> moodustub esmalt mono<a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">ester</a>, mis tavalistes reaktsiooni tingimustes annab edasi diestri.</li></ul> <ul><li>Teatud juhtudel (tööstusliku) <a href="/wiki/Keemiline_s%C3%BCntees" title="Keemiline süntees">keemilise sünteesi</a> korral viidatakse intermediaadina ka stabiilsele vahesaadusele, mis iseenesest pole vajalik, ja suunatakse edasi lõppsaaduse saamiseks. Siin intermediaat on mitmeetapilise sünteesi protsessis esinev vahesaadus.</li></ul> <p>Mingi saaduse süntees võib koosneda reast <a href="/wiki/Reaktsiooni_staadium" title="Reaktsiooni staadium">staadiumitest</a> (etappidest), mis kulgevad üle rohkem või vähem stabiilse intermediaadi. </p><p>Märkus. Intermediaat erineb põhimõtteliselt <a href="/wiki/Siirdeseisund" title="Siirdeseisund">siirdeseisundist</a>: esimest iseloomustab <a href="/wiki/Reaktsioonikoordinaat" title="Reaktsioonikoordinaat">reaktsioonikoordinaadil</a> mõningane energia miinimum, teist energia maksimum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intermediaat&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intermediaat&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Vaata ka" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reaktsiooni_mehhanism" title="Reaktsiooni mehhanism">Reaktsiooni mehhanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astmeline_reaktsioon" title="Astmeline reaktsioon">Astmeline reaktsioon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbokatioonid" title="Karbokatioonid">Karbokatioonid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahelreaktsioon_(keemia)" title="Ahelreaktsioon (keemia)">Ahelreaktsioon (keemia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statsionaarne_olek_(keemia)" title="Statsionaarne olek (keemia)">Statsionaarne olek (keemia)</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intermediaat&oldid=4903282">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intermediaat&oldid=4903282</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Keemilised_reaktsioonid" title="Kategooria:Keemilised reaktsioonid">Keemilised reaktsioonid</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 16:20, 4. veebruar 2018.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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