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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_também" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ver_também"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ver também</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ver_também-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Índice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 71 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="شر — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal" title="Mal — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91anqha" title="Ñanqha — aimará" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ñanqha" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimará" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C9%99r" title="Şər — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1" title="Яуызлыҡ — bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Яуызлыҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maraot" title="Maraot — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Maraot" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Зло — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Зло" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AD" title="অশুভ — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অশুভ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlo" title="Zlo — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zlo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldat" title="Maldat — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Maldat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%95" title="خراپە — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خراپە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlo" title="Zlo — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zlo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Усал — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Усал" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondskab" title="Ondskab — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ondskab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Das_B%C3%B6se" title="Das Böse — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Das Böse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C" title="Κακό — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κακό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil" title="Evil — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Evil" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problemo_de_la_malbono" title="Problemo de la malbono — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Problemo de la malbono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal" title="Mal — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuri" title="Kuri — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kuri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaizki" title="Gaizki — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gaizki" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="شر — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahuus" title="Pahuus — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pahuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal" title="Mal — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal_(filosof%C3%ADa)" title="Mal (filosofía) — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mal (filosofía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91a%C3%B1a" title="Ñaña — guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñaña" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A2" title="רוע — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlo" title="Zlo — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zlo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal_(adjektif)" title="Mal (adjektif) — haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mal (adjektif)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonosz" title="Gonosz — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gonosz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D6%84" title="Չարիք — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չարիք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keburukan" title="Keburukan — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Keburukan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajo" title="Malajo — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Malajo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illska" title="Illska — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Illska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male" title="Male — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Male" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%82%AA" title="悪 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="悪" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%85" title="악 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="악" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malum_(ethica)" title="Malum (ethica) — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Malum (ethica)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blogis" title="Blogis — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Blogis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%BBaunums" title="Ļaunums — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ļaunums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratsy" title="Ratsy — malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ratsy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Зло — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Зло" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Хорон сэтгэл — mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хорон сэтгэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwaadaardigheid" title="Kwaadaardigheid — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kwaadaardigheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vondskap" title="Vondskap — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vondskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondskap" title="Ondskap — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ondskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mau" title="Mau — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mau" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88" title="ਬੁਰਾਈ — panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੁਰਾਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mau" title="Mau — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Mau" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C5%82o" title="Zło — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zło" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%83u" title="Rău — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rău" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Зло — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зло" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D2%BB%D0%B0%D2%95%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Куһаҕан — sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Куһаҕан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlo" title="Zlo — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zlo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil" title="Evil — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Evil" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlo" title="Zlo — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zlo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zlo" title="Zlo — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zlo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvi" title="Uvi — shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Uvi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shar" title="Shar — somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Shar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_keqja" title="E keqja — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="E keqja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bom"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Зло — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зло" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondska" title="Ondska — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ondska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="ความชั่วร้าย — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความชั่วร้าย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eer" title="Şer — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Зло — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зло" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81c" title="Ác — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ác" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%B6" title="恶 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="恶" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="უბადობა — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="უბადობა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%9B%D7%98%D7%A1" title="שלעכטס — iídiche" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שלעכטס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="iídiche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%83%A1" title="惡 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="惡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%83%A1" title="惡 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="惡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15292#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mal" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discuss%C3%A3o:Mal&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página (página não existe) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mudar a variante da língua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">português</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mal"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal&action=history" title="Edições anteriores desta página. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mais opções" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Operações </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mal"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal&action=history"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Geral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/Mal" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/Mal" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal&oldid=68707036" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta página"><span>Hiperligação permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal&action=info" title="Mais informações sobre esta página"><span>Informações da página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Mal&id=68707036&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informação sobre como citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMal"><span>Obter URL encurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMal"><span>Descarregar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Livro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Mal"><span>Criar um livro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Mal&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descarregar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal&printable=yes" title="Versão para impressão desta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versão para impressão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Noutros projetos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Evil" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mal" hreflang="pt"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15292" title="Hiperligação para o elemento do repositório de dados [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspeto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspeto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/20px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/40px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b>Nota:</b> ""Maldade"" redireciona para este artigo. Para o filme com Randolph Scott, veja <a href="/wiki/The_Thundering_Herd" title="The Thundering Herd">The Thundering Herd</a>. Para outras acepções de "mal", veja <a href="/wiki/MAL" class="mw-disambig" title="MAL">MAL</a>.</div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/20px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/40px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b>Nota:</b> Não confundir com <a href="/wiki/Mau" class="mw-disambig" title="Mau">Mau</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Extermination_of_Evil_Sendan_Kendatsuba_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Extermination_of_Evil_Sendan_Kendatsuba_crop.jpg/250px-Extermination_of_Evil_Sendan_Kendatsuba_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Extermination_of_Evil_Sendan_Kendatsuba_crop.jpg/330px-Extermination_of_Evil_Sendan_Kendatsuba_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Extermination_of_Evil_Sendan_Kendatsuba_crop.jpg/500px-Extermination_of_Evil_Sendan_Kendatsuba_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3169" data-file-height="1469" /></a><figcaption>Um das cinco <a href="/wiki/Pintura_do_Jap%C3%A3o" title="Pintura do Japão">pinturas japonesas</a> do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XII" title="Século XII">século XII</a> que compõe a série "Exterminação do Mal"</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mal</b> (do termo <a href="/wiki/Latim" title="Latim">latino</a> <i>malu</i>) geralmente se refere a tudo aquilo que não é desejável ou que deve ser destruído.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O mal está no <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADcio" title="Vício">vício</a>, em oposição à <a href="/wiki/Virtude" title="Virtude">virtude</a>. Em muitas <a href="/wiki/Cultura" title="Cultura">culturas</a>, é o termo usado para descrever atos ou pensamentos que são contrários a alguma <a href="/wiki/Religi%C3%A3o" title="Religião">religião</a> em particular, e pode haver a <a href="/wiki/Cren%C3%A7a" title="Crença">crença</a> de que o mal é uma força ativa e muitas vezes <a href="/wiki/Personifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Personificação">personificada</a> na figura de uma entidade como o <a href="/wiki/Diabo" title="Diabo">diabo</a> <a href="/wiki/Satan%C3%A1s" title="Satanás">Satanás</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Arim%C3%A3" title="Arimã">Arimã</a>. </p><p>Em <a href="/wiki/Plotino" title="Plotino">Plotino</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Mat%C3%A9ria_(filosofia)" title="Matéria (filosofia)">matéria</a> é identificada com o mal e com a privação de toda forma de inteligibilidade.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Em <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a>, o ser humano teria uma propensão para o mal, apesar de ter uma disposição original para o bem. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Hannah Arendt</a> retoma a questão do mal radical kantiano, <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica" title="Política">politizando</a>-o. Analisa o mal quando este atinge grupos sociais ou o próprio <a href="/wiki/Estado" title="Estado">Estado</a>. Segundo a autora, o mal não é uma categoria <a href="/wiki/Ontologia" title="Ontologia">ontológica</a>, não é <a href="/wiki/Natureza" title="Natureza">natureza</a>, nem <a href="/wiki/Metaf%C3%ADsica" title="Metafísica">metafísica</a>. É <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica" title="Política">político</a> e <a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria" title="História">histórico</a>: é produzido por homens e se manifesta apenas onde encontra espaço <a href="/wiki/Institui%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Instituição">institucional</a> para isso – em razão de uma escolha política. A trivialização da violência corresponde, para Arendt, ao vazio de <a href="/wiki/Pensamento" title="Pensamento">pensamento</a>, onde a <a href="/wiki/Banalidade_do_mal" title="Banalidade do mal">banalidade do mal</a> se instala.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O <a href="/wiki/Antropologia" title="Antropologia">antropólogo</a> <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">estadunidense</a> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Becker" title="Ernest Becker">Ernest Becker</a>, que segundo o filósofo <a href="/wiki/Sam_Keen" title="Sam Keen">Sam Keen</a> é pioneiro no desenvolvimento de uma "Ciência sobre o Mal",<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> afirma que "a dinâmica do mal é devida fundamentalmente à negação da condição de criatura", isto é, quando a "armadura do caráter" — desenvolvida pela pessoa para reprimir o fato de que irá morrer — falha em criar uma autoilusão protetora, o indivíduo vê-se então diante de um desamparo que começa por infundir-lhe angústia e, por fim, terror. Já não é mais o ser humano "normal", cuja <a href="/wiki/Neurose" title="Neurose">neurose</a> proveniente da "negação da <a href="/wiki/Morte" title="Morte">morte</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> é amortecida por um conjunto de <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADmbolo" title="Símbolo">símbolos</a> e conceitos capazes de fazê-lo levar uma vida adaptada. Não, agora ele está sem máscaras diante da vida. O mundo se lhe apresenta assim como um ambiente hostil, o que o obriga a tentar modificá-lo a ponto de eliminar os acidentes, a insegurança, que, no fundo, não são senão aspectos inerentes da vida na Terra. Para Becker, ao não conseguir atualizar a <a href="/wiki/Transfer%C3%AAncia_(psican%C3%A1lise)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transferência (psicanálise)">transferência</a> original, isto é, ao não depositar sua necessidade de segurança psíquica num Ser Transcendental, o indivíduo passa a negar sua condição de criatura e, por conseguinte, também a de seus semelhantes, os quais podem ser então eliminados nesse processo de tornar o mundo um lugar mais seguro — e daí o mal. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ponerologia" title="Ponerologia">Ponerologia</a>, o estudo do mal, do <a href="/wiki/Grego" class="mw-disambig" title="Grego">grego</a> <i>poneros</i> (malícia, maldade),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> é a ciência da natureza do <a class="mw-selflink selflink">mal</a> adaptada a propósitos políticos <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. O termo foi cunhado pelo psiquiatra polonês <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_M._%C5%81obaczewski" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrzej M. Łobaczewski">Andrzej M. Łobaczewski</a> <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, que estudou como os <a href="/wiki/Psicopata" class="mw-redirect" title="Psicopata">psicopatas</a> influenciam no avanço da injustiça e sobre como abrem caminho para o poder na política <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> . </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r69325977">@media(max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .mobile-stack{width:100%!important;float:none!important;margin:10px auto!important;text-align:center!important;box-sizing:border-box!important}.mw-parser-output .mobile-stack .image-container{float:none!important;display:inline-block;padding-bottom:10px}.mw-parser-output .mobile-stack .text-container{margin-left:0!important}}</style><div class="noprint mobile-stack" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 0; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div class="image-container" style="float: left; vertical-align:middle; margin: 0 10px 0 5px;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="text-container" style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">Procure por <i><b><a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/mal" class="extiw" title="wikt:mal">mal</a></b></i> no <a href="/wiki/Wikcion%C3%A1rio" title="Wikcionário">Wikcionário</a>, o dicionário livre.</div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69325977" /><div class="noprint mobile-stack" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 0; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div class="image-container" style="float: left; vertical-align:middle; margin: 0 10px 0 5px;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/40px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/60px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/120px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="text-container" style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">O <a href="/wiki/Wikiquote" title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</a> tem citações relacionadas a <i><b><a href="https://pt.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mal" class="extiw" title="q:Mal">Mal</a></b></i>.</div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doutrina_da_Igreja_Cat%C3%B3lica#Demónios_e_Mal" title="Doutrina da Igreja Católica">Mal na doutrina católica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Membrana_de_Werner" title="Membrana de Werner">Membrana de Werner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponerologia" title="Ponerologia">Ponerologia</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">FERREIRA, A. B. H. <i>Novo dicionário da língua portuguesa</i>. 2ª edição. Rio de Janeiro. Nova Fronteira. 1986. p. 1 067.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plotinus/">Plotinus</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">GRECO, Heloísa A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibliotecadigital.ufmg.br/dspace/bitstream/1843/VGRO-5SKS2D/1/tese.pdf"><i>Dimensões fundacionais da luta pela anistia</i>. Belo Horizonte, FAFICH, UFMG, 2003</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">SOUKUI, Nádia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.br/books?id=GjDBn0F0Yz0C&pg=PP2&lpg=PP2&dq=%22mal+absoluto%22+Nadia+Souki&source=bl&ots=joByGDDdvP&sig=JxQd4JXwbL5XbL8daECVSSv0XfY&hl=pt-BR&ei=hpquSqqpLsuwtgei3NGwCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2#v=onepage&q=&f=false"><i>Hannah Arendt e a banalidade do mal</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/UFMG" class="mw-redirect" title="UFMG">UFMG</a>, 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.br/books?id=E6olAQAAIAAJ">Livro "Escape from Evil", no Google Books.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.br/books?id=3keJ9rEquBEC">Livro "A Negação da Morte", no Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.dosenhor.com/?strong=g4190">http://www.dosenhor.com/?strong=g4190</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Les Editions Pilule Rouge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://es.pilulerouge.com/la-ponerologia-politica/">La ponerología política</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140622191318/http://es.pilulerouge.com/la-ponerologia-politica/">Arquivado em</a> 22 de junho de 2014, no <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">SOTT.net/Signs of the Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sott.net/article/203026-Ponerology-101-Lobaczewski-and-the-origins-of-Political-Ponerology">Ponerology 101: Lobaczewski and the origins of Political Ponerology</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">SOTT.net/Signs of the Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://es.sott.net/article/25565-Patocracia-Tirania-en-manos-de-psicopatas">Patocracia - Tiranía en manos de psicópatas</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/evil/">"The Problem of Evil"</a>, por Michae Tooley. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i> (Summer 2013 Edition). Edward N. Zalta (ed.).</li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robertoaugusto.com/articulos/externos/Schelling_y_el_mal_en_1809.pdf">«Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling y el mal en 1809»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (em espanhol). por Roberto Augusto Miguez.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMal&rft.btitle=Friedrich+Wilhelm+Joseph+von+Schelling+y+el+mal+en+1809&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.robertoaugusto.com%2Farticulos%2Fexternos%2FSchelling_y_el_mal_en_1809.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">BAUDRILLARD, Jean</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.br/books?id=gnJnZqQCtxEC&printsec=frontcover&hl=pt-PT&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Transparency of Evil</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=90617&page=1">ABC News: Looking for Evil in Everyday Life</a>. Por Oliver Libaw.</li> <li>Psychology Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070501114400/http://psychologytoday.com/articles/pto-20020101-000004.html">Indexing Evil</a> (em inglês) Entrevista com o psiquiatra forense Michael Werner. Por Kaja Perina. 1° de janeiro de 2002. <sup><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Liga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_inativa" title="Wikipédia:Ligação inativa"><i>[ligação inativa]</i></a></sup></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.names-meanings.net/names/evil.html">«Personagens mitológicos associados ao mal»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AMal&rft.btitle=Personagens+mitol%C3%B3gicos+associados+ao+mal&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.names-meanings.net%2Fnames%2Fevil.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05649a.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: Evil</a> (newadvent.org)</li></ul> <table class="noprint" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:none; background:transparent; color: inherit"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Phi_lc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ícone de esboço" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Phi_lc.svg/20px-Phi_lc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Phi_lc.svg/40px-Phi_lc.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="867" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Este artigo sobre <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofia</a>/um(a) <a href="/wiki/Fil%C3%B3sofo" title="Filósofo">filósofo(a)</a> é um <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esbo%C3%A7o" title="Wikipédia:Esboço">esboço</a>. 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