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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title> WALS Online - Home </title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta name="author" content=""> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://wals.info/static/favicon.ico?v=324215cdeed9a360a4ee5d4be141c5a1" type="image/x-icon" /> <link href="https://wals.info/clld-static/css/packed.240c81d2.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://wals.info/clld-static/js/packed.381e4264.js"></script> <link rel="unapi-server" type="application/xml" title="unAPI" href="https://wals.info/unapi"> <script src="https://wals.info/_js"></script> </head> <body id="r-dataset"> <div id="header"> <a href="https://wals.info/"> <img src="https://wals.info/static/header.gif"/> </a> </div> <div id="top" class="navbar navbar-static-top"> <div class="navbar-inner"> <div class="container-fluid"> <a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse"> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </a> <div class="nav-collapse collapse"> <ul class="nav"> <li id="menuitem_dataset" class="active"> <a href="https://wals.info/" title="Home">Home</a> </li> <li id="menuitem_parameters" class=""> <a href="https://wals.info/feature" title="Features">Features</a> </li> <li id="menuitem_contributions" class=""> <a href="https://wals.info/chapter" title="Chapters">Chapters</a> </li> <li id="menuitem_languages" class=""> <a href="https://wals.info/languoid" title="Languages">Languages</a> </li> <li id="menuitem_sources" class=""> <a href="https://wals.info/refdb" title="References">References</a> </li> <li id="menuitem_contributors" class=""> <a href="https://wals.info/author" title="Authors">Authors</a> </li> </ul> </div><!--/.nav-collapse --> </div> </div> </div> <div id="contextnavbar" class="navbar navbar-static-top"> <div class="navbar-inner"> <div class="container-fluid"> <a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#second"> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </a> <div id="second" class="nav-collapse collapse"> <ul class="nav pull-right"> <li class=""> <a href="https://wals.info/about/credits">Credits</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://wals.info/about/legal">Legal</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://wals.info/download">Download</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://wals.info/contact">Contact</a> </li> </ul> </div><!--/.nav-collapse --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid"> <abbr class="unapi-id" title="https%3A%2F%2Fwals.info%2F"></abbr> <div class="row-fluid"> <div class="span8"> <h2>Welcome to WALS Online</h2> <p class="lead"> The World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS) is a large database of structural (phonological, grammatical, lexical) properties of languages gathered from descriptive materials (such as reference grammars) by a team of <a href="https://wals.info/author">55 authors</a>. </p> <p> The first version of WALS was published as a book with CD-ROM in 2005 by Oxford University Press. The first online version was published in April 2008. </p> <p> The 2013 edition of WALS corrects a number of coding errors especially in Chapters 1 and 3. A full list of changes is available <a href="https://github.com/cldf-datasets/wals/blob/master/CHANGES.md" title="here"><i class="icon-share"></i> here</a>. </p> <p> Starting with the 2013 edition of WALS, we will release and publish sets of corrections periodically. Thus, any citation of WALS Online 2013 should include the particular version, as listed on <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3606197" title="Zenodo"><i class="icon-share"></i> Zenodo</a>. </p> <p> WALS Online is a publication of the <a href="https://www.eva.mpg.de" title="Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology"><i class="icon-share"></i> Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology</a>. It is a separate publication, edited by Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 2013). The main programmer is Robert Forkel. </p> <h3>How to use WALS Online</h3> <p> Using WALS Online requires a browser with Javascript enabled. </p> <p> You find the features or chapters of WALS through the items "Features" and "Chapters" in the navigation bar. </p> <p> You can also browse and search for languages through the item "Languages" on the navigation bar. </p> <p> You can search for references through the item "References", and once you have navigated to a particular feature, you see a second navigation bar with citation information and various export options. </p> <h3>How to cite WALS Online</h3> <p> It is important to cite the specific chapter that you are taking your information from, not just the general work "The World Atlas of Language Structures Online" (Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin 2013), unless you are citing data from more than 25 chapters simultaneously. </p> <p> We recommend that you cite </p> <ul class="unstyled"> <li> the general work as <button class="btn" id="cite-button-wals" onclick="CLLD.Modal.show("WALS Online", "https://wals.info/void.md.html")" type="button">cite</button> <blockquote> Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) 2013. <br /> WALS Online (v2020.4) [Data set]. Zenodo. <br /> https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13950591 <br /> (Available online at https://wals.info, Accessed on 2024-12-12.) <br /> </blockquote> </li> <li> and WALS Online chapters as in the following example <blockquote> Ian Maddieson. 2013. Consonant Inventories. <br /> In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) <br /> WALS Online (v2020.4) [Data set]. Zenodo. <br /> https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13950591 <br /> (Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/1, Accessed on 2024-12-12.) </blockquote> </li> </ul> <h3>Interactive Reference Tool (WALS program)</h3> <p> The World Atlas of Language Structures was published as a book with a CD-ROM in summer 2005. The CD-ROM contains the "Interactive Reference Tool (WALS program)" as a standalone application for Mac OSX, Mac OS9.2 and Windows 2000, XP written by <a href="https://www.eva.mpg.de/linguistic-and-cultural-evolution/staff/hans-joerg-bibiko/" title="Hans-J枚rg Bibiko"><i class="icon-share"></i> Hans-J枚rg Bibiko</a>. To download the "Interactive Reference Tool (WALS program)" please follow the link <a href="https://www.eva.mpg.de/lingua/research/tool.php" title="https://www.eva.mpg.de/lingua/research/tool.php"><i class="icon-share"></i> https://www.eva.mpg.de/lingua/research/tool.php</a>. </p> <h3>Terms of use</h3> <p> The content of this web site is published under a Creative Commons Licence. We invite the community of users to think about further applications for the available data and look forward to your comments, feedback and questions. </p> </div> <div id="sidebar" class="span4"> <div class="alert alert-info"> The functionality to comment on WALS Online data via an associated blog has been replaced with mailto links. See also the <a href="https://wals.info/contact">contact page</a> for information on how to get in contact with us. </div> </div> </div> <div class="row-fluid"> <div class="span12"> <footer> <div class="row-fluid" style="padding-top: 15px; border-top: 1px solid black;"> <div class="span3"> <a href="https://www.eva.mpg.de" title="Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig"> <img width="80" src="https://wals.info/clldmpg-static/minerva.png" /> </a> </div> <div class="span6" style="text-align: center;"> <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"> <img alt="License" style="border-width:0" src="https://wals.info/clld-static/images/cc-by.png" /> </a> <br /> <span class="Dataset" href="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Dataset" property="dct:title" rel="dct:type" xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">WALS Online</span> edited by <span xmlns:cc="https://creativecommons.org/ns#" property="cc:attributionName" rel="cc:attributionURL"> Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin </span> <br /> is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"> Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>. </div> <div class="span3" style="text-align: right;"> <a class="clld-privacy-policy" href="https://www.eva.mpg.de/privacy-policy.html">Privacy Policy</a><br/> <a class="clld-disclaimer" href="https://wals.info/about/legal">Disclaimer</a> <br/> <a href="https://github.com/clld/wals3"> <i class="icon-share"> </i> Application source (v2014.2-201-g428739d) on<br/> <img height="25" src="https://wals.info/clld-static/images/GitHub_Logo.png" /> </a> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div id="Modal" class="modal hide fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="ModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">脳</button> <h3 id="ModalLabel"></h3> </div> <div id="ModalBody" class="modal-body"> </div> </div> <script> </script> </body> </html>