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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Childhood_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Childhood_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Childhood and education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Childhood_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sporting_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sporting_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Sporting activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sporting_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_South_Wales_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_South_Wales_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>New South Wales 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<span>1891 National Australasian Convention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1891_National_Australasian_Convention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Attorney-Generalship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Attorney-Generalship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Second Attorney-Generalship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Attorney-Generalship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australian_Federal_Convention_and_referendum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australian_Federal_Convention_and_referendum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Australian Federal Convention and referendum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australian_Federal_Convention_and_referendum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_minister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Prime minister</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prime_minister-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Prime minister subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prime_minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Appointment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appointment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Appointment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appointment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caretaker_ministry_and_first_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caretaker_ministry_and_first_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Caretaker ministry and first election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caretaker_ministry_and_first_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Domestic policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>External affairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retirement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Retirement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retirement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_Court_Justice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_Court_Justice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>High Court Justice</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-High_Court_Justice-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle High Court Justice subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-High_Court_Justice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Court_dynamics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Court_dynamics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Court dynamics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Court_dynamics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_cases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_cases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Notable cases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_cases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_activities_and_final_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_activities_and_final_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Other activities and final years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_activities_and_final_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Death and family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Edmund Barton</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="إدموند بارتون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إدموند بارتون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Эдмунд Бартан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эдмунд Бартан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Эдмунд Бартан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эдмунд Бартан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="إدموند بارتون – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إدموند بارتون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="ادموند بارتون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ادموند بارتون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%93%9C%EB%A8%BC%EB%93%9C_%EB%B0%94%ED%84%B4" title="에드먼드 바턴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에드먼드 바턴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="एडमंड बार्टन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एडमंड बार्टन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="אדמונד ברטון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדמונד ברטון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ედმუნდ ბარტონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ედმუნდ ბარტონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmundus_Barton" title="Edmundus Barton – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Edmundus Barton" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="एडमण्ड बार्टन – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="एडमण्ड बार्टन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="एडमंड बार्टन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एडमंड बार्टन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="ادموند بارتون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ادموند بارتون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="एडमण्ड बार्टन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="एडमण्ड बार्टन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%89%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3" title="エドモンド・バートン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エドモンド・バートン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%89%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%DA%89_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BC%D9%86" title="اډمونډ بارټن – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اډمونډ بارټن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Бартон, Эдмунд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бартон, Эдмунд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Едмунд Бартон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Едмунд Бартон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E9%A1%BF" title="埃德蒙·巴顿 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="埃德蒙·巴顿" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Edmund Barton" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E9%A1%BF" title="埃德蒙·巴顿 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃德蒙·巴顿" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23342#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prime Minister of Australia from 1901 to 1903</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Queensland politician, see <a href="/wiki/Edward_Gustavus_Campbell_Barton" title="Edward Gustavus Campbell Barton">Edward Gustavus Campbell Barton</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Sir Edmund Barton</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George">GCMG</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Counsel" title="King's Counsel">KC</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmund_Barton_-_Swiss_Studios_(b%26w).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Edmund_Barton_-_Swiss_Studios_%28b%26w%29.jpg/220px-Edmund_Barton_-_Swiss_Studios_%28b%26w%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Edmund_Barton_-_Swiss_Studios_%28b%26w%29.jpg/330px-Edmund_Barton_-_Swiss_Studios_%28b%26w%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Edmund_Barton_-_Swiss_Studios_%28b%26w%29.jpg/440px-Edmund_Barton_-_Swiss_Studios_%28b%26w%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="1405" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Barton in 1902</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister of Australia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 January 1901 – 24 September 1903</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarchs</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governors‑General</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Hope,_7th_Earl_of_Hopetoun" title="John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun">Lord Hopetoun</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hallam_Tennyson,_2nd_Baron_Tennyson" title="Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson">Lord Tennyson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Alfred Deakin</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_High_Court_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice of the High Court of Australia">Justice of the High Court of Australia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />5 October 1903 – 7 January 1920</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Nominated by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Alfred Deakin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Lord Tennyson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hayden_Starke" title="Hayden Starke">Hayden Starke</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd <a href="/wiki/Protectionist_Party" title="Protectionist Party">Leader of the Protectionist Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1889 – 24 September 1903</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data">Alfred Deakin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Dibbs" title="George Dibbs">George Dibbs</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Alfred Deakin </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; background-color:#eee;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Other political offices</div></th> </tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Australia)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia)">Minister for External Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 January 1901 – 24 September 1903</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Himself</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Alfred Deakin</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(New_South_Wales)" title="Leader of the Opposition (New South Wales)">Leader of the Opposition in New South Wales</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />5 October 1898 – 23 August 1899</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Premier</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Reid" title="George Reid">George Reid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Lyne" title="William Lyne">William Lyne</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">William Lyne</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_New_South_Wales" title="Attorney General of New South Wales">Attorney General of New South Wales</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />23 October 1891 – 14 December 1893</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Premier</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Dibbs" title="George Dibbs">George Dibbs</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Bowen_Simpson" title="George Bowen Simpson">George Bowen Simpson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Heydon" title="Charles Heydon">Charles Heydon</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />17 January 1889 – 7 March 1889</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Premier</th><td class="infobox-data">George Dibbs</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">George Bowen Simpson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">George Bowen Simpson</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_New_South_Wales_Legislative_Assembly" title="Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly">Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />3 January 1883 – 31 January 1887</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Wigram_Allen" title="George Wigram Allen">Sir George Wigram Allen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Henry_Young" title="James Henry Young">James Henry Young</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; background-color:#eee;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Constituencies</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament of Australia</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Hunter" title="Division of Hunter">Division of Hunter</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/1901_Australian_federal_election" title="1901 Australian federal election">30 March 1901</a> – <a href="/wiki/1903_Australian_federal_election" title="1903 Australian federal election">30 September 1903</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Constituency established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Liddell_(politician)" title="Frank Liddell (politician)">Frank Liddell</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Legislative_Assembly" title="New South Wales Legislative Assembly">New South Wales Legislative Assembly</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />23 November 1898 – 1 March 1900</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Clarke_(New_South_Wales_politician)" title="Francis Clarke (New South Wales politician)">Francis Clarke</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Francis Clarke</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Hastings_and_Macleay" title="Electoral district of Hastings and Macleay">Hastings and Macleay</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />11 July 1891 – 3 August 1894</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Bradley_(Australian_politician)" title="Walter Bradley (Australian politician)">Walter Bradley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Constituency abolished</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_East_Sydney" title="Electoral district of East Sydney">East Sydney</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />28 December 1882 – 2 March 1887</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Renwick" title="Arthur Renwick">Arthur Renwick</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_McMillan_(Australian_politician)" title="William McMillan (Australian politician)">William McMillan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data">East Sydney</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />14 December 1880 – 28 December 1882</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Shepherd_(Australian_politician)" title="John Shepherd (Australian politician)">John Shepherd</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Ferguson_(Australian_politician)" title="David Ferguson (Australian politician)">David Ferguson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Wellington_(New_South_Wales)" title="Electoral district of Wellington (New South Wales)">Wellington</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />26 August 1879 – 14 December 1880</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Charles_Windeyer" title="William Charles Windeyer">William Windeyer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Constituency abolished</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_University_of_Sydney" title="Electoral district of University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Legislative_Council" title="New South Wales Legislative Council">New South Wales Legislative Council</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />12 May 1897 – 18 July 1898</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />8 March 1887 – 12 June 1891</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1849-01-18</span>)</span>18 January 1849<br /><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Glebe,_New_South_Wales" title="Glebe, New South Wales">Glebe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_South_Wales" title="Colony of New South Wales">Colony of New South Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></div><br />(now <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, Australia)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">7 January 1920<span style="display:none">(1920-01-07)</span> (aged 70)<br /><a href="/wiki/Hydro_Majestic_Hotel" title="Hydro Majestic Hotel">Hydro Majestic Hotel</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Medlow_Bath,_New_South_Wales" title="Medlow Bath, New South Wales">Medlow Bath, New South Wales</a>, Australia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Waverley_Cemetery" title="Waverley Cemetery">Waverley Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Protectionist_Party" title="Protectionist Party">Protectionist</a> (after 1887)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Barton" title="Jane Barton">Jane Ross</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1877)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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Street High School">Fort Street High School</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Grammar_School" title="Sydney Grammar School">Sydney Grammar School</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barrister" title="Barrister">Barrister</a><br />Politician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmund_Barton_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Edmund Barton's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Edmund_Barton_signature.svg/128px-Edmund_Barton_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="22" 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div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="border: 4px double #d69d36"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size: 110%; padding: 0; line-height: 150%;"><table><tbody><tr> <td style="background:#3198FF; color:#FFF; vertical-align:middle; padding:5px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmund_Barton_-_Swiss_Studios_(b%26w).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Edmund_Barton_-_Swiss_Studios_%28b%26w%29.jpg/75px-Edmund_Barton_-_Swiss_Studios_%28b%26w%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Edmund_Barton_-_Swiss_Studios_%28b%26w%29.jpg/113px-Edmund_Barton_-_Swiss_Studios_%28b%26w%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Edmund_Barton_-_Swiss_Studios_%28b%26w%29.jpg/150px-Edmund_Barton_-_Swiss_Studios_%28b%26w%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="1405" /></a></span></td> <td style="background:#3198FF; color:#FFF; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px; width:100%;"><span style="font-size:0.75em;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></span><br /><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Edmund Barton</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em;"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopetoun_Blunder" title="Hopetoun Blunder">Hopetoun Blunder</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><small><b>Member for <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Hunter" title="Division of Hunter">Hunter</a> (1901–1903)</b></small></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Barton_government" title="Barton government">Prime Minister of Australia</a></b> </p> <hr /> <p><b>Term of government (1901–1903)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1901_Australian_federal_election" title="1901 Australian federal election">1901 Australian federal election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barton_ministry" title="Barton ministry">Barton ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Restriction_Act_1901" title="Immigration Restriction Act 1901">Immigration Restriction Act 1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Franchise_Act_1902" title="Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902">Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_High_Court_of_Australia" title="List of justices of the High Court of Australia">Justice of the High Court of Australia</a> (1903–1920)</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/D%27Emden_v_Pedder" title="D'Emden v Pedder">D'Emden v Pedder</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blundell_v_Vardon" title="Blundell v Vardon">Blundell v Vardon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_v_Commonwealth_(1915)" title="New South Wales v Commonwealth (1915)">New South Wales vs Commonwealth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Farey_v_Burvett" title="Farey v Burvett">Farey v Burvett</a></i></li></ul> <hr /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Australia" title="Government of Australia"><img alt="Government of Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg/40px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" 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Barton sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Edmund_Barton_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Edmund Barton sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #36c; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_Australia" title="Category:Conservatism in Australia">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#154E9D; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Australia" title="Conservatism in Australia"><span style="color: #FFF;">Conservatism in Australia</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg/90px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg/135px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg/180px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="397" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationalism" title="Australian nationalism">Australian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_liberalism" title="Cultural liberalism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Australia" title="One Australia">One Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-nation_conservatism" title="One-nation conservatism">One-nation conservatism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_Australia" title="Federalism in Australia">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Free trade</a> (factions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">Limited government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalism" title="Loyalism">Loyalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a> (factions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Blainey" title="Geoffrey Blainey">Blainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Coleman" title="Peter Coleman">Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Donnelly" title="Kevin Donnelly">Donnelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Finnis" title="John Finnis">Finnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Flint" title="David Flint">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Harries" title="Owen Harries">Harries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hearn_(legal_academic)" title="William Hearn (legal academic)">Hearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Henderson" title="Gerard Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Melleuish" title="Gregory Melleuish">Melluish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Minogue" title="Kenneth Minogue">Minogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Oldmeadow" title="Harry Oldmeadow">Oldmeadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._A._Santamaria" title="B. A. Santamaria">Santamaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Stove" title="David Stove">Stove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Windschuttle" title="Keith Windschuttle">Windschuttle</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Jurists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Allan_(law_professor)" title="James Allan (law professor)">Allan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Callinan" title="Ian Callinan">Callinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Craven_(academic)" title="Greg Craven (academic)">Craven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daryl_Dawson" title="Daryl Dawson">Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Gleeson" title="Murray Gleeson">Gleeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Gibbs" title="Harry Gibbs">Gibbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Hayne" title="Kenneth Hayne">Hayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyson_Heydon" title="Dyson Heydon">Heydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Myers" title="Allan Myers">Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Steward_(judge)" title="Simon Steward (judge)">Steward</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piers_Akerman" title="Piers Akerman">Akerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Albrechtsen" title="Janet Albrechtsen">Albrechtsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bolt" title="Andrew Bolt">Bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peta_Credlin" title="Peta Credlin">Credlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowan_Dean" title="Rowan Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Devine" title="Frank Devine">Devine (Frank)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miranda_Devine" title="Miranda Devine">Devine (Miranda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Hadley" title="Ray Hadley">Hadley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Jones_(talkback_host)" title="Alan Jones (talkback host)">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Kenny" title="Chris Kenny">Kenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Kerr" title="Christian Kerr">Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Lehmann" title="Claire Lehmann">Lehmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padraic_McGuinness" title="Padraic McGuinness">McGuinness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Mundine" title="Warren Mundine">Mundine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Murray_(presenter)" title="Paul Murray (presenter)">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_van_Onselen" title="Peter van Onselen">van Onselen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Panahi" title="Rita Panahi">Panahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Price_(broadcaster)" title="Steve Price (broadcaster)">Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyle_Shelton_(lobbyist)" title="Lyle Shelton (lobbyist)">Shelton</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Abbott" title="Tony Abbott">Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Anderson_(Australian_politician)" title="John Anderson (Australian politician)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_Anning" title="Fraser Anning">Anning</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cory_Bernardi" title="Cory Bernardi">Bernardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Bonner" title="Neville Bonner">Bonner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Canavan" title="Matt Canavan">Canavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joh_Bjelke-Petersen" title="Joh Bjelke-Petersen">Petersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Dutton" title="Peter Dutton">Dutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Fraser" title="Malcolm Fraser">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gorton" title="John Gorton">Gorton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Hanson" title="Pauline Hanson">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Holt" title="Harold Holt">Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howard" title="John Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnaby_Joyce" title="Barnaby Joyce">Joyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Katter" title="Bob Katter">Katter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Kelly" title="Craig Kelly">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lyons" title="Joseph Lyons">Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Menzies" title="Robert Menzies">Menzies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Morrison" title="Scott Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Mundine" title="Warren Mundine">Mundine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_Newman" title="Campbell Newman">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Palmer" title="Clive Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Perrottet" title="Dominic Perrottet">Perrottet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacinta_Price" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacinta Price">Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Reid" title="George Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Vanstone" title="Amanda Vanstone">Vanstone</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Christians_(political_party)" title="Australian Christians (political party)">Australian Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Labour_Party_(Australia,_1978)" title="Democratic Labour Party (Australia, 1978)">Democratic Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_First_Party_(2021)" title="Family First Party (2021)">Family First (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katter%27s_Australian_Party" title="Katter's Australian Party">Katter's Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia" title="Liberal Party of Australia">Liberal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coalition_(Australia)" title="Coalition (Australia)">Coalition</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_National_Party_of_Queensland" title="Liberal National Party of Queensland">LNP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coalition_(Australia)" title="Coalition (Australia)">Coalition</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Australia" title="National Party of Australia">National</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coalition_(Australia)" title="Coalition (Australia)">Coalition</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Hanson%27s_One_Nation" title="Pauline Hanson's One Nation">Pauline Hanson's One Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooters,_Fishers_and_Farmers_Party" title="Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party">Shooters, Fishers and Farmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Australia_Party_(2013)" title="United Australia Party (2013)">United Australia Party</a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Party_(Australia)" title="Christian Democratic Party (Australia)">Christian Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Australia,_1909)" title="Liberal Party (Australia, 1909)">Commonwealth Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Conservatives" title="Australian Conservatives">Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Conservative_Party" title="Australian Conservative Party">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_Anning%27s_Conservative_National_Party" title="Fraser Anning's Conservative National Party">Conservative National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_First_Party" title="Family First Party">Family First (2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensland_Liberal_Party" title="Queensland Liberal Party">Liberal (Queensland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensland_National_Party" title="Queensland National Party">National (Queensland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defence_League_(Australia)" title="National Defence League (Australia)">National Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_(Australia)" title="Nationalist Party (Australia)">Nationalist Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advance_(lobby_group)" title="Advance (lobby group)">Advance Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australians_for_Constitutional_Monarchy" title="Australians for Constitutional Monarchy">Australians for Constitutional Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Christian_Lobby" title="Australian Christian Lobby">Australian Christian Lobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Marriage_(Australia)" title="Coalition for Marriage (Australia)">Coalition for Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference#Australia" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">CPAC Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cormack_Foundation" title="Cormack Foundation">Cormack Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Civic_Council" title="National Civic Council">National Civic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ramsay#Ramsay_Centre_for_Western_Civilisation" title="Paul Ramsay">Ramsay Centre for Western Civilisation</a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Academy_of_Art" title="Australian Academy of Art">Australian Academy of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Flag_Association" title="Australian National Flag Association">Australian National Flag Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_and_Empire_Alliance" title="King and Empire Alliance">King and Empire Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Guard_(Australia)" title="Old Guard (Australia)">Old Guard</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Think tanks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Independent_Studies" title="Centre for Independent Studies">Centre for Independent Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Public_Affairs" title="Institute of Public Affairs">Institute of Public Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menzies_Research_Centre" title="Menzies Research Centre">Menzies Research Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Page_Research_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Page Research Centre (page does not exist)">Page Research Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Griffith_Society" title="Samuel Griffith Society">Samuel Griffith Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._R._Nicholls_Society" title="H. R. Nicholls Society">H. R. Nicholls Society</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADH_TV" title="ADH TV">ADH TV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Australian" title="The Australian">The Australian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Counterpoint_(Radio_National)" title="Counterpoint (Radio National)">Counterpoint</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperium_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperium Press (page does not exist)">Imperium Press</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph_(Sydney)" title="The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)">The Daily Telegraph</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herald_Sun" title="Herald Sun">Herald Sun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/News_Weekly" title="News Weekly">News Weekly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quadrant_(magazine)" title="Quadrant (magazine)">Quadrant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quillette" title="Quillette">Quillette</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_News_Australia" title="Sky News Australia">Sky News Australia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Argus_(Melbourne)" title="The Argus (Melbourne)">The Argus</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Defunct)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservatism in New Zealand">Conservatism in New Zealand</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keith_Windschuttle#The_Fabrication_of_Aboriginal_History,_Volume_One,_Van_Diemen's_Land_1803_–_1847" title="Keith Windschuttle">The Fabrication of Aboriginal History</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2002)</span></li> <li>Liberal Party factions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moderates_(Liberal_Party_of_Australia)" title="Moderates (Liberal Party of Australia)">Moderates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Right_(Liberal_Party_of_Australia)" title="Centre Right (Liberal Party of Australia)">Centre Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Right_(Liberal_Party_of_Australia)" title="National Right (Liberal Party of Australia)">National Right</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Australia" title="Liberalism in Australia">Liberalism in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Australia" title="Politics of Australia">Politics of Australia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Australia portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_in_Australia" title="Template:Conservatism in Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_in_Australia" title="Template talk:Conservatism in Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_in_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism in Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir Edmund</b> "<b>Toby</b>" <b>Barton</b> <span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George">GCMG</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Counsel" title="King's Counsel">KC</a></span></span></span> (18 January 1849 – 7 January 1920) was an Australian statesman, barrister and jurist who served as the first <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Australia">prime minister of Australia</a> from 1901 to 1903. He held office as the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Protectionist_Party" title="Protectionist Party">Protectionist Party</a>, before resigning in 1903 to become a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">High Court of Australia</a>, on which he served until his death. Barton was highly regarded as one of the founding fathers and leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Federation movement</a>, and for his work in drafting and later interpreting the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Australia" title="Constitution of Australia">Constitution of Australia</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Australian_legal_system" title="Australian legal system">commonwealth laws</a>. </p><p>Barton was an early supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">federation of the Australian colonies</a>, the goal of which he summarised as "a nation for a continent, and a continent for a nation". After the retirement of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Parkes" title="Henry Parkes">Henry Parkes</a> he came to be seen as the leader of the federation movement in New South Wales. He was a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Convention (Australia)">constitutional conventions</a>, playing a key role in the drafting of <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Australia" title="Constitution of Australia">a national constitution</a>, and was one of the lead campaigners for federation in <a href="/wiki/1898%E2%80%931900_Australian_constitutional_referendums" title="1898–1900 Australian constitutional referendums">the subsequent referendums</a>. In late 1900, despite the initial "<a href="/wiki/Hopetoun_Blunder" title="Hopetoun Blunder">Hopetoun Blunder</a>", Barton was commissioned to form a <a href="/wiki/Caretaker_government" title="Caretaker government">caretaker government</a> as Australia's first prime minister. His term began on 1 January 1901, the date on which federation occurred. </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/1901_Australian_federal_election" title="1901 Australian federal election">first federal election</a> in March 1901, Barton and the Protectionists won the most seats, but were well short of a majority. He was able to remain as prime minister by forming an alliance with the fledgling <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Australian Labor Party</a> (ALP), which held the balance of power. The <a href="/wiki/Barton_government" title="Barton government">Barton government</a> established a number of new national institutions, including the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Australian Defence Force</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Public_Service" title="Australian Public Service">Commonwealth Public Service</a>. It introduced <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Australia" title="Women's suffrage in Australia">nation-wide women's suffrage</a>, and laid the foundations of the <a href="/wiki/White_Australia_policy" title="White Australia policy">White Australia policy</a> with the <i><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Restriction_Act_1901" title="Immigration Restriction Act 1901">Immigration Restriction Act 1901</a></i>. </p><p>Barton left politics in 1903 to become one of the three founding members of the High Court, which his government had created. He was succeeded as prime minister by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Alfred Deakin</a>. On the court, Barton was able to shape the judicial interpretation of the constitution he had helped write. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <p>Barton was born on 18 January 1849 in <a href="/wiki/Glebe,_New_South_Wales" title="Glebe, New South Wales">Glebe, Sydney, New South Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20005_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton20005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the eleventh of twelve children born to Mary Louisa (née Whydah) and William Barton. He had seven sisters and four brothers, including the writer <a href="/wiki/George_Burnett_Barton" title="George Burnett Barton">George Burnett Barton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20006–7_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton20006–7-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three of his siblings died during his childhood.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His given name had not previously been used in the family, and may have been in honour of the recently deceased explorer <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Kennedy" title="Edmund Kennedy">Edmund Kennedy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20005_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton20005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barton's parents were both born in London, England, although his father's family was originally from <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a>. They arrived in the Colony of New South Wales in 1827, and all but two of their children were born in Australia. William Barton worked variously as an accountant, bazaar proprietor, stockbroker, and real estate agent. His business ventures were not always successful, and he went bankrupt on one occasion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20002–5_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton20002–5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood_and_education">Childhood and education</h3></div> <p>Barton spent his early years in Glebe, but in 1851 the family moved into the inner city, living on Cumberland Street in <a href="/wiki/The_Rocks,_New_South_Wales" title="The Rocks, New South Wales">The Rocks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20005_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton20005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had a relatively comfortable upbringing, although his father faced financial difficulties on a number of occasions. To support the family during those periods, his mother ran a boarding school for girls.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20004_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton20004-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His parents were both highly literate, and his mother in particular "provided much of the direction and encouragement for Edmund's impressive academic achievement".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton200015_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton200015-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barton began his formal education at what is now the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Street_Public_School" title="Fort Street Public School">Fort Street Public School</a>. He later attended <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Grammar_School" title="Sydney Grammar School">Sydney Grammar School</a>, possibly as one of the first students after the school's opening in 1857.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20006_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton20006-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of his close friends in his youth was <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edward_O%27Connor" title="Richard Edward O'Connor">Richard O'Connor</a>, who would eventually join him on the High Court. Barton was the <a href="/wiki/Dux#Education" title="Dux">dux</a> and school captain at Sydney Grammar in 1863 and 1864. He <a href="/wiki/Matriculated" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriculated">matriculated</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a> in 1865, aged 16, and was awarded a special prize by the university senate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20009_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton20009-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barton failed to win one of the three entrance scholarships to the University, owing to "an insufficiency of mathematics".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EBarton1866.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/EBarton1866.jpg/170px-EBarton1866.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/EBarton1866.jpg/255px-EBarton1866.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/EBarton1866.jpg/340px-EBarton1866.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="655" /></a><figcaption>Edmund Barton, aged 17</figcaption></figure> <p>At university, Barton specialised in <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">classics</a> but also studied English literature, mathematics, physics, and French.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20009_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton20009-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became fluent in Ancient Greek and Latin, and retained a command of both later in life.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new professor, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Badham" title="Charles Badham">Charles Badham</a>, arrived in 1867 and was a "profound influence". Barton won scholarships in his second and third years. He graduated Bachelor of Arts in 1868 with first-class honours, and was awarded the equivalent of the <a href="/wiki/University_Medal" title="University Medal">University Medal</a> as well as a prize of £20. He proceeded to Master of Arts by examination in 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton200010_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton200010-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sporting_activities">Sporting activities</h3></div> <p>Barton was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_University_Cricket_Club" title="Sydney University Cricket Club">Sydney University Cricket Club</a> and a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Rowing_Club" title="Sydney Rowing Club">Sydney Rowing Club</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On a cricketing trip to <a href="/wiki/Newcastle,_New_South_Wales" title="Newcastle, New South Wales">Newcastle</a> in 1870 he met <a href="/wiki/Jane_Barton" title="Jane Barton">Jane Mason Ross</a>, whom he married in 1877.<sup id="cite_ref-austfirstpm_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-austfirstpm-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-adb_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1879, Barton <a href="/wiki/Umpire_(cricket)" title="Umpire (cricket)">umpired</a> a cricket match at <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Cricket_Ground" title="Sydney Cricket Ground">Sydney Cricket Ground</a> between <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> and an English touring side captained by <a href="/wiki/George_Harris,_4th_Baron_Harris" title="George Harris, 4th Baron Harris">Lord Harris</a>. After a controversial decision by Barton's colleague <a href="/wiki/George_Coulthard" title="George Coulthard">George Coulthard</a> against the home side, the crowd spilled onto the pitch and assaulted some of the English players, leading to <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Riot_of_1879" title="Sydney Riot of 1879">international cricket's first riot</a>. In the subsequent public controversy, George Reid censured Coulthard and absolved the crowd, while Barton defended Coulthard and did not spare the crowd.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The publicity that attended the young Barton's presence of mind in defusing that situation reputedly helped him take his first step towards becoming Australia's first prime minister, winning a state lower house seat later that year.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_South_Wales_politics">New South Wales politics</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Edmund_Barton_as_Speaker_of_the_New_South_Wales_Legislative_Assembly.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Portrait_of_Edmund_Barton_as_Speaker_of_the_New_South_Wales_Legislative_Assembly.jpg/170px-Portrait_of_Edmund_Barton_as_Speaker_of_the_New_South_Wales_Legislative_Assembly.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Portrait_of_Edmund_Barton_as_Speaker_of_the_New_South_Wales_Legislative_Assembly.jpg/255px-Portrait_of_Edmund_Barton_as_Speaker_of_the_New_South_Wales_Legislative_Assembly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Portrait_of_Edmund_Barton_as_Speaker_of_the_New_South_Wales_Legislative_Assembly.jpg/340px-Portrait_of_Edmund_Barton_as_Speaker_of_the_New_South_Wales_Legislative_Assembly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2837" data-file-height="3666" /></a><figcaption>Barton as Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/1876_University_of_Sydney_colonial_by-election" title="1876 University of Sydney colonial by-election">1876</a> Barton stood for the <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Legislative_Assembly" title="New South Wales Legislative Assembly">New South Wales Legislative Assembly</a> in the poll of the graduates of the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_University_of_Sydney" title="Electoral district of University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a> (who were required to wear gowns for the occasion), but was beaten by <a href="/wiki/William_Charles_Windeyer" title="William Charles Windeyer">William Charles Windeyer</a> 49 votes to 43.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Windeyer resigned, Barton won the <a href="/wiki/1879_University_of_Sydney_colonial_by-election" title="1879 University of Sydney colonial by-election">1879 by-election</a>. When it was abolished in 1880, he became the member for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Wellington_(New_South_Wales)" title="Electoral district of Wellington (New South Wales)">Wellington</a>, from November 1880 to 1882, and <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_East_Sydney" title="Electoral district of East Sydney">East Sydney</a>, from November 1882 to January 1887. At this stage he considered it "almost unnecessary" to point out his support for free trade.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmund_Barton,_Q.C.,_M.L.C.,_ca._1889_SLNSW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Edmund_Barton%2C_Q.C.%2C_M.L.C.%2C_ca._1889_SLNSW.jpg/220px-Edmund_Barton%2C_Q.C.%2C_M.L.C.%2C_ca._1889_SLNSW.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Edmund_Barton%2C_Q.C.%2C_M.L.C.%2C_ca._1889_SLNSW.jpg/330px-Edmund_Barton%2C_Q.C.%2C_M.L.C.%2C_ca._1889_SLNSW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Edmund_Barton%2C_Q.C.%2C_M.L.C.%2C_ca._1889_SLNSW.jpg/440px-Edmund_Barton%2C_Q.C.%2C_M.L.C.%2C_ca._1889_SLNSW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1819" data-file-height="2364" /></a><figcaption>Barton in 1889</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1882, he became <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_New_South_Wales_Legislative_Assembly" title="Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly">Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly</a>. He was aged only 33, and was the youngest person to have been chosen presiding officer of any Australian legislative chamber. In 1884 he was elected President of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney_Union" title="University of Sydney Union">University of Sydney Union</a>. In 1887, he was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Legislative_Council" title="New South Wales Legislative Council">New South Wales Legislative Council</a> at the instigation of Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Parkes" title="Henry Parkes">Henry Parkes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-apmb_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apmb-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1889, he agreed to being appointed <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_New_South_Wales" title="Attorney General of New South Wales">Attorney General of New South Wales</a> in <a href="/wiki/George_Dibbs" title="George Dibbs">George Dibbs</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Protectionist_Party" title="Protectionist Party">Protectionist</a> government, despite his previous support for free trade. This government lasted only until March, when Parkes formed a government again.<sup id="cite_ref-nsw_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsw-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campaign_for_federation">Campaign for federation</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1891_National_Australasian_Convention">1891 National Australasian Convention</h3></div> <p>Barton was an early supporter of federation, which became a serious political agenda after Henry Parkes' <a href="/wiki/Tenterfield_Oration" title="Tenterfield Oration">Tenterfield Oration</a>, and was a delegate to the March 1891 <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(Australia)#1891_convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Convention (Australia)">National Australasian Convention</a>. At the convention he made clear his support for the principle that "trade and intercourse ... shall be absolutely free" in a federal Australia. He also advocated that not just the lower house but also the upper house should be representative and that appeals to the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council">Privy Council</a> should be abolished. He also took part in producing a draft constitution, which was substantially similar to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Australia" title="Constitution of Australia">Constitution of Australia</a> enacted in 1900.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, the protectionists were lukewarm supporters of federation and in June 1891, Barton resigned from the Council and stood for election to East Sydney and announced that "so long as Protection meant a Ministry of enemies to Federation, they would get no vote from him". He topped the poll and subsequently voted with Parkes, but refused to take a position in his minority government. After the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor Party</a> withdrew support and the government fell in October 1891, Parkes persuaded him to take over the leadership of the Federal movement in New South Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Attorney-Generalship">Second Attorney-Generalship</h3></div> <p>Dibbs formed a Protectionist government in New South Wales, and Barton agreed to return to the office of Attorney General, with the right of carrying out private practice as a lawyer. His agreement was based on Dibbs agreeing to support federal resolutions in the coming parliamentary session. His attempt to draft the federal resolutions was delayed by a period as acting <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_South_Wales" title="Premier of New South Wales">Premier of New South Wales</a>, during which he had to deal with the <a href="/wiki/1892_Broken_Hill_miners%27_strike" title="1892 Broken Hill miners' strike">1892 Broken Hill miners' strike</a> and the carriage of a complex electoral reform bill. He introduced the federal resolutions into the House on 22 November 1892, but was unable to get them considered in committee.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, he began a campaign to spread support for federation to the people with meetings in <a href="/wiki/Corowa" title="Corowa">Corowa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albury" title="Albury">Albury</a> in December 1892. Although he finally managed to get the federal resolutions considered in committee in October 1893, he then could not get them listed for debate by the House. In December, he and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edward_O%27Connor" title="Richard Edward O'Connor">Richard O'Connor</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Justice_(New_South_Wales)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Justice (New South Wales)">Minister for Justice</a>, were questioned about their agreement to act as private lawyers against the government in <i><a href="/wiki/David_Proudfoot_(engineer)" title="David Proudfoot (engineer)">Proudfoot</a> v. the Railway Commissioners</i>. While Barton resigned the brief, he lost a motion on the right of ministers to act in their professional capacity as lawyers in actions against the government, and immediately resigned as Attorney-General.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1894_New_South_Wales_colonial_election" title="1894 New South Wales colonial election">July 1894</a>, Barton stood for re-election for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Randwick" title="Electoral district of Randwick">Randwick</a>, since the electorate of East Sydney had been abolished, and lost. He did not stand for election in the <a href="/wiki/1895_New_South_Wales_colonial_election" title="1895 New South Wales colonial election">1895 election</a>, very possibly because of financial difficulties. However, he continued to campaign for federation and during the period between January 1893 to February 1897, Barton addressed nearly 300 meetings in New South Wales,<sup id="cite_ref-dab_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dab-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including in the Sydney suburb of <a href="/wiki/Ashfield,_New_South_Wales" title="Ashfield, New South Wales">Ashfield</a> where he declared that "For the first time in history, we have a nation for a continent and a continent for a nation". By March 1897, he was considered "the acknowledged leader of the federal movement in all Australia".<sup id="cite_ref-adb_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australian_Federal_Convention_and_referendum">Australian Federal Convention and referendum</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EBarton2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/EBarton2.jpg/220px-EBarton2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/EBarton2.jpg/330px-EBarton2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/EBarton2.jpg/440px-EBarton2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="915" data-file-height="661" /></a><figcaption>Photo in 1898 of the future 1st prime minister of Australia Edmund Barton aged 49 and 2nd prime minister of Australia <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Alfred Deakin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1897, Barton topped the poll of the delegates elected from New South Wales to the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Convention (Australia)">Constitutional Convention</a>, which developed a constitution for the proposed federation. Although <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Griffith" title="Samuel Griffith">Sir Samuel Griffith</a> wrote most of the text of the Constitution, Barton was the political leader who carried it through the Convention.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-apmb_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apmb-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1897, Barton was appointed for the second time to the Legislative Council on Reid's recommendations to take charge of the federation bill in the Upper House. This gave Reid's Attorney-General, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Want" title="Jack Want">Jack Want</a>, a free hand to oppose the bill. In September 1897, the convention met in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> to consider 286 proposed amendments from the colonies. It finalised its draft constitution in March 1898 and Barton went back to New South Wales to lead the campaign for a yes vote in the <a href="/wiki/1898%E2%80%931900_Australian_constitutional_referendums" title="1898–1900 Australian constitutional referendums">June referendum</a>. Although it gained majority support, it achieved only 71,595; 80,000 was the minimum number for it to pass.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1898 Barton resigned from the Upper House to challenge Reid for the seat of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Sydney-King" title="Electoral district of Sydney-King">Sydney-King</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1898_New_South_Wales_colonial_election" title="1898 New South Wales colonial election">1898 general election</a>, but narrowly lost. In September, he won a <a href="/wiki/1898_Hastings_and_Macleay_colonial_by-election" title="1898 Hastings and Macleay colonial by-election">by-election</a> for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Hastings_and_Macleay" title="Electoral district of Hastings and Macleay">Hastings and Macleay</a> and was immediately elected <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(New_South_Wales)" title="Leader of the Opposition (New South Wales)">leader of the opposition</a>, which consisted of a mixture of pro-federation and anti-federation protectionists. In January 1899 Reid gained significant concessions from the other states and he joined Barton in campaigning for the <a href="/wiki/1898%E2%80%931900_Australian_constitutional_referendums" title="1898–1900 Australian constitutional referendums">second referendum</a> in June 1899, with Barton campaigning all over the state. It passed 107,420 votes to 82,741.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_18-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nsw_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsw-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 1899 when it became clear that the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor Party</a> could be manoeuvred into bringing down the Reid government, Barton resigned as leader of the opposition, as he was unacceptable to Labour, and <a href="/wiki/William_Lyne" title="William Lyne">William Lyne</a> took his place. He allegedly refused an offer to become Attorney-General again. Barton's Convention colleague, J.T. Walker, wrote at the time, "Barton is not well off financially, and some of his friends (he has many) are trying to help him. They would not be so ready to do so were he to join Lyne".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He resigned from Parliament in February 1900 so that he could travel to London with <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Alfred Deakin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingston" title="Charles Kingston">Charles Kingston</a> to explain the federation bill to the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">Government of the United Kingdom</a>. Around the same time on 15 January 1900 Barton published a 28-page <i>United Australia</i> magazine to disseminate an informative narrative for the propositions of a future Federal Government that he hoped to lead.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British Government was adamant in its opposition to the abolition of appeals to the Privy Council as incorporated in the draft constitution; eventually, Barton agreed that constitutional (<i><a href="/wiki/Inter_se" title="Inter se">inter se</a></i>) matters would be finalised in the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">High Court of Australia</a>, but other matters could be appealed to the Privy Council. Edmund was a Justice of the High Court for 16 years.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_18-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prime_minister">Prime minister</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Barton_government" title="Barton government">Barton government</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appointment">Appointment</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Hopetoun_Blunder" title="Hopetoun Blunder">Hopetoun Blunder</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Federation_Pavilion,_Centennial_Park_01_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Federation_Pavilion%2C_Centennial_Park_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Federation_Pavilion%2C_Centennial_Park_01_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Federation_Pavilion%2C_Centennial_Park_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Federation_Pavilion%2C_Centennial_Park_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Federation_Pavilion%2C_Centennial_Park_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Federation_Pavilion%2C_Centennial_Park_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4052" data-file-height="5201" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Federation_Pavilion" title="Federation Pavilion">Federation Pavilion</a> at <a href="/wiki/Centennial_Parklands" title="Centennial Parklands">Centennial Park, Sydney</a>, during the swearing-in ceremony on 1 January 1901 <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>External video</b></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aso.gov.au/titles/documentaries/inauguration-commonwealth/">Footage from <i>Inauguration of the Commonwealth</i></a></div></figcaption></figure> <p>Barton was appointed <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">prime minister</a> on 1 January 1901, the day on which the new federal constitution came into effect. He and various other dignitaries were driven through the streets of Sydney in a procession watched by thousands of onlookers, beginning in <a href="/wiki/The_Domain,_Sydney" title="The Domain, Sydney">The Domain</a> and ending at <a href="/wiki/Centennial_Parklands" title="Centennial Parklands">Centennial Park</a>. A swearing-in ceremony for the new government was held at the purpose-built <a href="/wiki/Federation_Pavilion" title="Federation Pavilion">Federation Pavilion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main focus was on <a href="/wiki/John_Hope,_7th_Earl_of_Hopetoun" title="John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun">Lord Hopetoun</a>, Australia's first <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">governor-general</a>, who swore three separate oaths and read a message from <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>. Barton and his ministry only took oaths of allegiance, and were not formally sworn in to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Executive_Council_(Australia)" title="Federal Executive Council (Australia)">Federal Executive Council</a> until later in the afternoon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Nauze1962215_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Nauze1962215-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The events of the day were captured on film and distributed under the title <i><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_the_Commonwealth" title="Inauguration of the Commonwealth">Inauguration of the Commonwealth</a></i>, although the visibility of the leading participants is poor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000228_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000228-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film has been described as Australia's first feature-length documentary.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Barton had only been commissioned to form a government one week before he became prime minister, due to what became known as the "<a href="/wiki/Hopetoun_Blunder" title="Hopetoun Blunder">Hopetoun Blunder</a>". The new governor-general Lord Hopetoun arrived in Australia on 15 December 1900.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000218_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000218-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was tasked by the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Office" title="Colonial Office">Colonial Office</a> with selecting someone to form a caretaker government prior to the first federal election; this individual would be Australia's first prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000219_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000219-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was widely assumed that Barton would be offered the position, and he had begun making preparations for the role, including a draft platform for the first federal elections.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000217_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000217-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 19 December, however, Hopetoun commissioned <a href="/wiki/William_Lyne" title="William Lyne">William Lyne</a> to form a government. His reasons for doing so have been debated, but his decision was widely regarded as a mistake.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000220_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000220-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Nauze1962208_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Nauze1962208-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lyne, the premier of New South Wales, had actively campaigned against federation, and the leading politicians in each of the other colonies refused to serve under him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Nauze1962209_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Nauze1962209-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 24 December, he informed Hopetoun that he was unable to form a government and advised him to send for Barton.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000222_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000222-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the composition of Australia's first cabinet was not formally announced until 30 December, two days before it was sworn in.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Nauze1962210_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Nauze1962210-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caretaker_ministry_and_first_election">Caretaker ministry and first election</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Barton_ministry" title="Barton ministry">Barton ministry</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barton_Ministry_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Barton_Ministry_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Barton_Ministry_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Barton_Ministry_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Barton_Ministry_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Barton_Ministry_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Barton_Ministry_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1216" data-file-height="1059" /></a><figcaption>Members of the first <a href="/wiki/Barton_ministry" title="Barton ministry">Barton ministry</a>, 1 January 1901</figcaption></figure> <p>Barton assembled <a href="/wiki/Barton_ministry" title="Barton ministry">a ministry</a> that was described variously as a "cabinet of kings", "orchestra of conductors", and "army of generals".<sup id="cite_ref-abjorensen_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abjorensen-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It comprised four incumbent colonial premiers (including Lyne), two former premiers, and Barton's key allies <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Alfred Deakin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edward_O%27Connor" title="Richard Edward O'Connor">Richard O'Connor</a>. Deakin was ranked second in cabinet after Barton, and O'Connor would become the inaugural <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Government_in_the_Senate_(Australia)" title="Leader of the Government in the Senate (Australia)">Leader of the Government in the Senate</a>. Only one change was made to the ministry prior to the election, necessitated by the death of <a href="/wiki/James_Dickson_(Queensland_politician)" title="James Dickson (Queensland politician)">James Dickson</a> on 10 January.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000226–227_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000226–227-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barton took on the <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Australia)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia)">external affairs portfolio</a> himself and conducted official business through the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_External_Affairs_(1901%E2%80%931916)" title="Department of External Affairs (1901–1916)">Department of External Affairs</a>, as there was no <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Department_(Australia)" title="Prime Minister's Department (Australia)">prime minister's department</a> until 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000226_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000226-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first goal for Barton and his ministry was to retain office at the <a href="/wiki/1901_Australian_federal_election" title="1901 Australian federal election">first federal elections</a>, which were held in late March 1901. His old rival <a href="/wiki/George_Reid" title="George Reid">George Reid</a> became the chief opponent of the government during the campaign and the <i>de facto</i> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Australia)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Australia)">opposition leader</a>. There were no national political parties in 1901, but most candidates self-declared as either protectionists or free-traders, following the primary divide in colonial politics. Reid, a free trader, made the tariff issue his primary focus, but its significance was diminished by the fact that the new federal government would have to depend on tariffs for its revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000234_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000234-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barton instead delivered "an electoral masterstroke"<sup id="cite_ref-adb_18-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by making White Australia the centrepiece of the government's campaign, thereby attracting many working-class voters concerned about "coloured labour". Supporters of the government won 32 out of the 75 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">Australian House of Representatives</a>, with their grouping calling itself the <a href="/wiki/Protectionist_Party" title="Protectionist Party">Protectionist Party</a> (or Liberal Protectionists).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000235_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000235-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barton himself was elected unopposed in the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Hunter" title="Division of Hunter">Division of Hunter</a>, having previously represented the area in the New South Wales parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government's continuation was secured by the support of the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Australian Labor Party</a> (ALP), which had 17 MPs. Reid and his <a href="/wiki/Free_Trade_Party" title="Free Trade Party">Free Trade Party</a> formed the <a href="/wiki/Opposition_(Australia)" title="Opposition (Australia)">official opposition</a> with 26 MPs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000235_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000235-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The situation in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Senate</a> was similarly complicated, with the government's position even less secure. However, <a href="/wiki/Party_discipline" title="Party discipline">party discipline</a> was virtually non-existent and Barton was widely seen as having won a <a href="/wiki/Mandate_(politics)" title="Mandate (politics)">mandate</a> to govern.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000236_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000236-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_policy">Domestic policy</h3></div> <p>Barton outlined his platform for the first federal election at a speech on 17 January 1901, delivered at the <a href="/wiki/Maitland_Town_Hall" title="Maitland Town Hall">West Maitland Town Hall</a> within his prospective electorate. His plans included the establishment of the federal capital, the High Court and the <a href="/wiki/Inter-State_Commission" title="Inter-State Commission">Inter-State Commission</a>, and a "moderately protectionist tariff" in order to raise the revenue to introduce old-age pensions and a uniform postal system. He also promised to introduce <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a> for federal elections, build the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Australian_Railway" title="Trans-Australian Railway">Trans-Australian Railway</a>, legislate to allow federal intervention in industrial disputes, and ban immigration from Asia and the Pacific Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000230–232_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000230–232-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1901, Barton announced that the government would sponsor a <a href="/wiki/1901_Federal_Flag_Design_Competition" title="1901 Federal Flag Design Competition">competition</a> to design a new national flag for Australia. The winning design was the basis for the current Australian national flag, although Barton personally favoured the existing <a href="/wiki/Australian_Federation_Flag" title="Australian Federation Flag">Australian Federation Flag</a> that had been popular in New South Wales for many years. As it was primarily intended to be used in shipping, the design had to be submitted to the <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_(United_Kingdom)" title="Admiralty (United Kingdom)">British Admiralty</a> for approval and was not officially adopted until 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An early piece of legislation of the Barton government was the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_Restriction_Act_1901" title="Immigration Restriction Act 1901"><i>Immigration Restriction Act</i> 1901</a>, which put the <a href="/wiki/White_Australia_policy" title="White Australia policy">White Australia policy</a> into law. The Labour Party required legislation to limit immigration from Asia as part of its agreement to support the government, but Barton had promised the introduction of the White Australia Policy in his election campaign. Barton stated, "The doctrine of the equality of man was never intended to apply to the equality of the Englishman and the Chinaman". One notable reform was the introduction of women's suffrage for federal elections in 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-apmio_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apmio-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Barton was a moderate conservative, and advanced liberals in his party disliked his relaxed attitude to political life. A large, handsome, jovial man, he was fond of long dinners and good wine, and was given the nickname "Toby Tosspot" by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bulletin_(Australian_periodical)" title="The Bulletin (Australian periodical)">The Bulletin</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-apmff_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apmff-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="External_affairs">External affairs</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmund_Barton_Vanity_Fair_16_October_1902.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Edmund_Barton_Vanity_Fair_16_October_1902.jpg/170px-Edmund_Barton_Vanity_Fair_16_October_1902.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Edmund_Barton_Vanity_Fair_16_October_1902.jpg/255px-Edmund_Barton_Vanity_Fair_16_October_1902.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Edmund_Barton_Vanity_Fair_16_October_1902.jpg/340px-Edmund_Barton_Vanity_Fair_16_October_1902.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1901" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption>Caricature in <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (British magazine)">Vanity Fair</a></i>, October 1902</figcaption></figure> <p>For much of 1902, Barton was in England for the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Edward_VII_and_Alexandra" title="Coronation of Edward VII and Alexandra">coronation</a> of King <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a>, which was postponed from June to August, delaying Barton's return. Accompanying him on this trip was Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Forrest" title="John Forrest">John Forrest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Defence_(Australia)" title="Minister for Defence (Australia)">Minister for Defence</a>, and the trip was also used to negotiate the replacement of the naval agreements between the Australian colonies and the United Kingdom (under which Australia funded <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> protection from foreign naval threats) by an agreement between the Commonwealth and the United Kingdom at the <a href="/wiki/1902_Colonial_Conference" title="1902 Colonial Conference">1902 Colonial Conference</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_18-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deakin disliked this arrangement and discontinued it, moving for a substantial expansion of Australia's <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy" title="Royal Australian Navy">own navy</a> in 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On their way home from the United Kingdom, Barton and Forrest visited Canada, including Toronto, Ottawa (where they were guests of the Governor-General), and the Pacific Coast.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retirement">Retirement</h3></div> <p>On 24 September 1903, Barton resigned as prime minister to become one of the founding justices of the High Court of Australia. Speculation about his political future had been rife for several months, particularly after the <i><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_1903" title="Judiciary Act 1903">Judiciary Act 1903</a></i> was passed in August. There were several factors at play in his decision to retire from politics. Some within his own party thought that he lacked the energy and commitment to continue as the leader of the government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbjorensen2015_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbjorensen2015-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barton had also suffered from bouts of ill health, including a fainting spell in his office earlier in the year. He was advised by his doctor to quit active politics. Finally, he had a history of financial difficulties and appreciated the security that a lifetime appointment would bring.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000294_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000294-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The appointment of the new judges was made by the governor-general on the advice of cabinet, many of whom had ambitions of their own and encouraged Barton to accept the post.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbjorensen2015_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbjorensen2015-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His appointment was largely uncontroversial, given his role in drafting the constitution, experience as a barrister, and acceptance of a <a href="/wiki/Puisne_judge" title="Puisne judge">puisne judgeship</a> rather than the position of <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Australia" title="Chief Justice of Australia">chief justice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000299_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000299-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="High_Court_Justice">High Court Justice</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justice_Barton_(b%26w).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Justice_Barton_%28b%26w%29.jpg/170px-Justice_Barton_%28b%26w%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Justice_Barton_%28b%26w%29.jpg/255px-Justice_Barton_%28b%26w%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Justice_Barton_%28b%26w%29.jpg/340px-Justice_Barton_%28b%26w%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1210" data-file-height="1895" /></a><figcaption>Barton in judicial regalia</figcaption></figure> <p>Barton was sworn in to the High Court on 7 October 1903, along with his close friends <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Griffith" title="Samuel Griffith">Samuel Griffith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edward_O%27Connor" title="Richard Edward O'Connor">Richard Edward O'Connor</a>; Griffith became the inaugural <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Australia" title="Chief Justice of Australia">Chief Justice of Australia</a>. The new justices had worked together in drafting the constitution and habitually lunched together. As a result of their closeness and the small number of cases heard, there were few dissents in the early years of the court.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000301_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000301-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Deakin succeeded Barton as prime minister, but the government performed poorly at the <a href="/wiki/1903_Australian_federal_election" title="1903 Australian federal election">December 1903 election</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Hung_parliament" title="Hung parliament">hung parliament</a> allowed <a href="/wiki/Chris_Watson" title="Chris Watson">Chris Watson</a> and the ALP a chance to form government in April 1904, but it was short-lived and <a href="/wiki/George_Reid" title="George Reid">George Reid</a> succeeded Watson as prime minister in August. Later in the year, the court came into conflict with <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Symon" title="Josiah Symon">Josiah Symon</a>, Reid's appointee as attorney-general. Symon objected to the judges hearing cases in each of the state capitals, believing the court should sit only in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, and also thought their travelling expenses were excessive. Relations between the government and the court became so strained that the judges contemplated refusing to hear cases, and Barton seriously considered resigning.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000302_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000302-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The situation was only resolved in June 1905 when Deakin returned as prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000303_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000303-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Court_dynamics">Court dynamics</h3></div> <p>The Deakin government added two extra judges to the High Court in 1906, appointing former attorneys-general <a href="/wiki/H._B._Higgins" title="H. B. Higgins">H. B. Higgins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Isaacs" title="Isaac Isaacs">Isaac Isaacs</a>. Their elevation brought an adversarial aspect to the court for the first time, as the new judges were political radicals and had not been involved in drafting the constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000304–306_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000304–306-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barton and Griffith formed a conservative bloc, almost always joined by O'Connor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000306_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000306-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barton did not dissent from Griffith in the first eight years of the court's existence. In the 44 cases heard by the court from 1904 to 1905 he delivered only 12 separate judgments, choosing to join Griffith's opinion in every other case. Some writers have taken this as indicative of laziness or reluctance to lead the court.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000304–305_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000304–305-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, others have suggested that his lack of separate judgments was not representative of his work ethic and reflected more a general dislike of <a href="/wiki/Concurring_opinion" title="Concurring opinion">concurring opinions</a> as liable to complicate the interpretation of rulings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000305_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000305-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Barton was acting chief justice for nine months in 1913, while Griffith was overseas. The same year saw a major shift in the composition of the court, with two new seats created and a third judge appointed to fill the vacancy caused by O'Connor's death. One of the new judges was Barton's friend <a href="/wiki/Albert_Piddington" title="Albert Piddington">Albert Piddington</a>, whose appointment proved controversial due to his political views. He resigned from the court after a month, despite Barton's attempts to convince him to stay.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000313_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000313-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three vacancies were eventually filled by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gavan_Duffy" title="Frank Gavan Duffy">Frank Gavan Duffy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Powers" title="Charles Powers">Charles Powers</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Rich" title="George Rich">George Rich</a>, none of whom had been involved in the drafting of the constitution. As a result, Barton and Griffith increasingly found themselves in a minority on constitutional matters, seeking to preserve the intentions of the framers rather than allow the constitution to evolve. The new judges were also less familiar with the North American federal precedents that the original judges had often relied upon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000314_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000314-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The influx of new voices contributed to Barton's movement away from Griffith, as he showed "a return of energy and initiative [...] greater independence and at times disagreement" than in his earliest years on the court.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000313_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000313-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_cases">Notable cases</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmund_Barton_-_Sarony_(b%26w).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Edmund_Barton_-_Sarony_%28b%26w%29.jpg/170px-Edmund_Barton_-_Sarony_%28b%26w%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Edmund_Barton_-_Sarony_%28b%26w%29.jpg/255px-Edmund_Barton_-_Sarony_%28b%26w%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Edmund_Barton_-_Sarony_%28b%26w%29.jpg/340px-Edmund_Barton_-_Sarony_%28b%26w%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Barton later in life</figcaption></figure> <p>In <i><a href="/wiki/D%27Emden_v_Pedder" title="D'Emden v Pedder">D'Emden v Pedder</a></i> (1904), the High Court formulated a doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_immunity_(Australia)" title="Intergovernmental immunity (Australia)">implied immunity of instrumentalities</a>, modelled closely on the American concept of <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_immunity_(United_States)" title="Intergovernmental immunity (United States)">intergovernmental immunity</a> which Barton and the other authors of the constitution had closely studied. The court followed this precedent in <i><a href="/wiki/Deakin_v_Webb" title="Deakin v Webb">Deakin v Webb</a></i> (1904), which was subsequently overturned by the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council">Judicial Committee of the Privy Council</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Webb_v_Outtrim" class="mw-redirect" title="Webb v Outtrim">Webb v Outtrim</a></i> (1906). Barton was angered by the Privy Council's intervention, having always believed the High Court should be the final court of appeal. In personal correspondence he described the 83-year-old presiding judge <a href="/wiki/Hardinge_Giffard,_1st_Earl_of_Halsbury" title="Hardinge Giffard, 1st Earl of Halsbury">Lord Halsbury</a> as an "old pig" who did not understand the needs of a federation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000306–307_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000306–307-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sitting as the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Disputed_Returns_(Australia)" title="Court of Disputed Returns (Australia)">Court of Disputed Returns</a>, Barton was the sole judge in <i><a href="/wiki/Blundell_v_Vardon" title="Blundell v Vardon">Blundell v Vardon</a></i> (1907), where he ruled that <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Vardon" title="Joseph Vardon">Joseph Vardon</a>'s election to the Senate was void due to electoral irregularities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000305_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000305-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He joined with Griffith and O'Connor in the majority opinion in <i><a href="/wiki/R_v_Barger" title="R v Barger">R v Barger</a></i> (1908), "the High Court's most decisive intervention to date in thwarting social reforms passed by the Commonwealth parliament".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000308_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000308-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a series of cases around the same time, the trio also restricted the powers of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Court_of_Conciliation_and_Arbitration" title="Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration">Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000309_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000309-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barton and Griffith split notably in <i><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_v_Commonwealth_(1915)" title="New South Wales v Commonwealth (1915)">New South Wales v Commonwealth</a></i> (1915), with the court voting 4–2 to strip the <a href="/wiki/Inter-State_Commission" title="Inter-State Commission">Inter-State Commission</a> of any judicial power, much to Barton's dismay. Only Gavan Duffy sided with his argument that parliament should determine the commission's powers rather than the court. The decision was "a rebuff to Barton's authority as an interpreter of the Constitution and his special authority as one of its draftsman".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000318–319_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000318–319-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During World War I, Barton joined the majority in <i><a href="/wiki/Farey_v_Burvett" title="Farey v Burvett">Farey v Burvett</a></i> (1915), which saw the court adopt a broad view of the federal government's <a href="/wiki/Section_51(vi)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 51(vi) of the Constitution of Australia">defence power</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000322_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000322-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i>Duncan v Queensland</i> (1916), he and Isaacs were the only dissenters from the court's interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Section_92_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 92 of the Constitution of Australia">section 92</a> of the constitution. With Griffith authoring the majority opinion, the court held that state governments could circumvent the constitution's free-trade provisions simply by banning the movement of goods across state boundaries. Barton expressed a "heavy sorrow" at the court's decision and Isaacs was highly critical. In 1920, after Barton's death, Isaacs led the court in reversing <i>Duncan</i>, in what became known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Amalgamated_Society_of_Engineers_v_Adelaide_Steamship_Co_Ltd" title="Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd">Engineers' case</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000322–323_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000322–323-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_activities_and_final_years">Other activities and final years</h3></div> <p>Along with Griffith, Barton was several times consulted by Governors-General of Australia on the exercise of the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_power" title="Reserve power">reserve powers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1919, although ill, he was extremely disappointed to be passed over for the position of Chief Justice on the retirement of Griffith.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_family">Death and family</h2></div> <p>Barton died on 7 January 1920 from heart failure at the <a href="/wiki/Hydro_Majestic_Hotel" title="Hydro Majestic Hotel">Hydro Majestic Hotel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medlow_Bath,_New_South_Wales" title="Medlow Bath, New South Wales">Medlow Bath, New South Wales</a>. He was interred in South Head General Cemetery in the Sydney suburb of <a href="/wiki/Vaucluse,_New_South_Wales" title="Vaucluse, New South Wales">Vaucluse</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Waverley_Cemetery" title="Waverley Cemetery">Waverley Cemetery</a>). He was survived by his <a href="/wiki/Jane_Barton" title="Jane Barton">wife</a> and six children:<sup id="cite_ref-adb_18-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Edmund Alfred (29 May 1879 – 13 November 1949), a New South Wales judge</li> <li>Wilfrid Alexander (1880–1953), first NSW <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Scholarship" title="Rhodes Scholarship">Rhodes Scholar</a> (1904)</li> <li>Jean Alice (1882–1957), married Sir <a href="/wiki/David_Maughan" title="David Maughan">David Maughan</a> (1873–1955) in 1909</li> <li>Arnold Hubert (3 January 1884 – 1948), married Jane Hungerford in Sydney 1907; he later emigrated to Canada</li> <li>Oswald (8 January 1888 – 6 February 1956), medical doctor</li> <li>Leila Stephanie (1892–1976), married Robert Christopher Churchill Scot Skirving, son of Sydney doctor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scot_Skirving" title="Robert Scot Skirving">Robert Scot Skirving</a>, in London 1915<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Barton's nephews via his older sister Harriet included Victorian federal MP <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Robinson_(Australian_politician)" title="Arthur Robinson (Australian politician)">Arthur Robinson</a> and businessmen <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Robinson" title="Lionel Robinson">Lionel</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Sydney_Robinson" title="William Sydney Robinson">William Sydney Robinson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2></div> <p>Barton refused knighthoods in 1887, 1891 and 1899, but agreed to be appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" title="Order of St Michael and St George">Order of St Michael and St George</a> (GCMG) in the <a href="/wiki/1902_Coronation_Honours" title="1902 Coronation Honours">1902 Coronation Honours</a> list published on 26 June 1902,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nsw_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsw-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was invested by King <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> at <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a> on 8 August 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (He was the only prime minister to be knighted during his term of office until <a href="/wiki/Robert_Menzies" title="Robert Menzies">Robert Menzies</a> in 1963; various others were knighted after leaving the office; Sir <a href="/wiki/Earle_Page" title="Earle Page">Earle Page</a> was already a knight when he briefly became prime minister in 1939.) He received an honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Law" title="Doctor of Law">Doctor of Laws</a> (LL.D.) from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> in 1900,<sup id="cite_ref-adb_18-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Civil_Law" title="Doctor of Civil Law">Doctor of Civil Law</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> and LL.D. from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a> while visiting the United Kingdom in the summer of 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also received the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom of the City</a> of <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> during a visit to that city on 26 July 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1905, the Japanese government conferred the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Rising_Sun" title="Order of the Rising Sun">Grand Cordon, Order of the Rising Sun</a>, and Barton was granted permission to retain and wear the insignia. The honour was presented in acknowledgement of his personal role in resolving a conflict concerning the Commonwealth's <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Island_Labourers_Act_1901" title="Pacific Island Labourers Act 1901">Pacific Island Labourers Act</a> and the Queensland protocol to the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Japanese_Alliance" title="Anglo-Japanese Alliance">Anglo-Japanese Treaty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_18-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1951 and again in 1969, Barton was honoured on postage stamps bearing his portrait issued by <a href="/wiki/Australia_Post" title="Australia Post">Australia Post</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Barton_Highway" title="Barton Highway">Barton Highway</a> near <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, Australia was named after Barton. The <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Barton" title="Division of Barton">Division of Barton</a> in New South Wales is named after him, as is <a href="/wiki/Barton,_Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Barton, Australian Capital Territory">Barton, Australian Capital Territory</a>, a suburb of <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a> close to Capital Hill which is the location of many government departments and national institutions, and the headquarters of Australia's main political parties.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Barton_Building" title="Edmund Barton Building">Edmund Barton Building</a> is a government office building in that suburb. The <a href="/wiki/Barton_College_(Deakin_University)" title="Barton College (Deakin University)">Barton College</a> of <a href="/wiki/Deakin_University" title="Deakin University">Deakin University</a> is also named after Barton. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_of_Sir_Edmund_Barton_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grave of Sir Edmund & Lady Barton"><img alt="Grave of Sir Edmund & Lady Barton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/22/Grave_of_Sir_Edmund_Barton_2018.jpg/90px-Grave_of_Sir_Edmund_Barton_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/22/Grave_of_Sir_Edmund_Barton_2018.jpg/135px-Grave_of_Sir_Edmund_Barton_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/22/Grave_of_Sir_Edmund_Barton_2018.jpg/180px-Grave_of_Sir_Edmund_Barton_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Grave of Sir Edmund & Lady Barton</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmund_Barton_bust.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bust of Sir Edmund Barton in the Prime Ministers Avenue in the Ballarat Botanical Gardens"><img alt="Bust of Sir Edmund Barton in the Prime Ministers Avenue in the Ballarat Botanical Gardens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Edmund_Barton_bust.jpg/90px-Edmund_Barton_bust.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Edmund_Barton_bust.jpg/135px-Edmund_Barton_bust.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Edmund_Barton_bust.jpg/180px-Edmund_Barton_bust.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bust of Sir Edmund Barton in the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Ministers_Avenue" title="Prime Ministers Avenue">Prime Ministers Avenue</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ballarat_Botanical_Gardens" title="Ballarat Botanical Gardens">Ballarat Botanical Gardens</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SIR_EDMUND_BARTON.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Sir Edmund Barton Memorial in Barton, Australian Capital Territory"><img alt="Sir Edmund Barton Memorial in Barton, Australian Capital Territory" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/SIR_EDMUND_BARTON.JPG/90px-SIR_EDMUND_BARTON.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/SIR_EDMUND_BARTON.JPG/135px-SIR_EDMUND_BARTON.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/SIR_EDMUND_BARTON.JPG/180px-SIR_EDMUND_BARTON.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sir Edmund Barton Memorial in <a href="/wiki/Barton,_Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Barton, Australian Capital Territory">Barton, Australian Capital Territory</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edmund's younger brother Sydney was born in 1852 but lived only nine months.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20006_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton20006-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His older sister Ellen was killed in a fire in 1860,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20007_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton20007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his oldest brother William Jr. died in 1863.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20008_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton20008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In a speech to the Parliament of New South Wales in 1879, Barton quoted <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> in the original Greek.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As prime minister in 1902, he met with <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a> in Rome and conversed in Latin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsh200752_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsh200752-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton20005-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20005_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20005_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20005_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton20006–7-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20006–7_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, pp. 6–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton20006-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20006_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20006_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton20007-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20007_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton20008-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20008_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton20002–5-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20002–5_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, pp. 2–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton20004-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20004_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton200015-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton200015_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton20009-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20009_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton20009_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Coleman,<i>Their Fiery Cross of Union. A Retelling of the Creation of the Australian Federation, 1889-1914</i>, Connor Court, Queensland, 2021, p.106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAsh2007" class="citation journal cs1">Ash, David (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/NSWBarAssocNews/2007/55.pdf">"Edmund Barton"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bar News</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Bar_Association" title="New South Wales Bar Association">New South Wales Bar Association</a>: 47. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190102050415/http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/NSWBarAssocNews/2007/55.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bar+News&rft.atitle=Edmund+Barton&rft.pages=47&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Ash&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassic.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Fjournals%2FNSWBarAssocNews%2F2007%2F55.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsh200752-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsh200752_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAsh2007">Ash 2007</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton200010-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton200010_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121229140647/http://sydneyrowingclub.com.au/Rowing/about-history.php">"History of the Sydney Rowing Club"</a>. Sydneyrowingclub.com.au. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sydneyrowingclub.com.au/Rowing/about-history.php">the original</a> on 29 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Sydney+Rowing+Club&rft.pub=Sydneyrowingclub.com.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sydneyrowingclub.com.au%2FRowing%2Fabout-history.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-austfirstpm-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-austfirstpm_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/Barton/fast-facts.aspx">"Fast facts: Edmund Barton"</a>. <i>Australia's Prime Ministers</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141109050443/http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/Barton/fast-facts.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australia%27s+Prime+Ministers&rft.atitle=Fast+facts%3A+Edmund+Barton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprimeministers.naa.gov.au%2Fprimeministers%2FBarton%2Ffast-facts.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-adb-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-adb_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_18-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_18-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_18-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_18-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_18-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_18-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_18-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_18-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_18-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutledge" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Rutledge, Martha. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/barton-sir-edmund-toby-71">"Barton, Sir Edmund (Toby) (1849–1920)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography" title="Australian Dictionary of Biography">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a></i>. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7"><bdi>978-0-522-84459-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1833-7538">1833-7538</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70677943">70677943</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Barton%2C+Sir+Edmund+%28Toby%29+%281849%E2%80%931920%29&rft.btitle=Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=National+Centre+of+Biography%2C+Australian+National+University&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70677943&rft.issn=1833-7538&rft.isbn=978-0-522-84459-7&rft.aulast=Rutledge&rft.aufirst=Martha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadb.anu.edu.au%2Fbiography%2Fbarton-sir-edmund-toby-71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Coleman,<i>Their Fiery Cross of Union. A Retelling of the Creation of the Australian Federation, 1889-1914</i>, Connor Court, QLD, 2021, pp 92-93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2007/12/27/1198345162006.html">"For our PMs, there's just no avoiding the follow-on"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>. 28 December 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071228184028/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2007/12/27/1198345162006.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=For+our+PMs%2C+there%27s+just+no+avoiding+the+follow-on&rft.date=2007-12-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Farticles%2F2007%2F12%2F27%2F1198345162006.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClifford2006" class="citation book cs1">Clifford, Eamonn (2006). <a href="/wiki/Antony_Green" title="Antony Green">Green, Antony</a>; Clune, David (eds.). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Electoral_Atlas_of_New_South_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Electoral Atlas of New South Wales (page does not exist)">The Electoral Atlas of New South Wales</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Department_of_Lands" class="mw-redirect" title="New South Wales Department of Lands">New South Wales Department of Lands</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9752354-2-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9752354-2-7"><bdi>0-9752354-2-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Electoral+Atlas+of+New+South+Wales&rft.pub=New+South+Wales+Department+of+Lands&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-9752354-2-7&rft.aulast=Clifford&rft.aufirst=Eamonn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apmb-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-apmb_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-apmb_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/barton/before-office.aspx">"Edmund Barton, before"</a>. <i>Australia's Prime Ministers</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_of_Australia" title="National Archives of Australia">National Archives of Australia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100301061502/http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/barton/before-office.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australia%27s+Prime+Ministers&rft.atitle=Edmund+Barton%2C+before&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprimeministers.naa.gov.au%2Fprimeministers%2Fbarton%2Fbefore-office.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nsw-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nsw_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nsw_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nsw_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/members/formermembers/Pages/former-member-details.aspx?pk=920">"Sir Edmund Barton GCMG (1849–1920)"</a>. <i>Former members of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_New_South_Wales" title="Parliament of New South Wales">Parliament of New South Wales</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Former+members+of+the+Parliament+of+New+South+Wales&rft.atitle=Sir+Edmund+Barton+GCMG+%281849%E2%80%931920%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.nsw.gov.au%2Fmembers%2Fformermembers%2FPages%2Fformer-member-details.aspx%3Fpk%3D920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dab-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dab_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerle" class="citation web cs1">Serle, Percival. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks15/1500721h/0-dict-biogBa.html#barton1">"Barton, Sir Edmund (1849–1920)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Australian_Biography" title="Dictionary of Australian Biography">Dictionary of Australian Biography</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg_Australia" title="Project Gutenberg Australia">Project Gutenberg Australia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190226202455/http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks15/1500721h/0-dict-biogBa.html#barton1">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+Australian+Biography&rft.atitle=Barton%2C+Sir+Edmund+%281849%E2%80%931920%29&rft.aulast=Serle&rft.aufirst=Percival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.net.au%2Febooks15%2F1500721h%2F0-dict-biogBa.html%23barton1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Coleman,<i>Their Fiery Cross of Union. A Retelling of the Creation of the Australian Federation, 1889-1914</i>, Connor Court, QLD, 2021, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julian Fitzgerald <i>On Message: Political Communications of Australian Prime Ministers 1901 – 2014</i> Clareville Press 2014 p 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLa_Nauze1962" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_La_Nauze" title="John La Nauze">La Nauze, John</a> (1962). <i>Alfred Deakin: A Biography</i>. <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne University Press">Melbourne University Press</a>. p. 214.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alfred+Deakin%3A+A+Biography&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=Melbourne+University+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=La+Nauze&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Nauze1962215-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Nauze1962215_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLa_Nauze1962">La Nauze 1962</a>, p. 215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000228-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000228_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aso.gov.au/titles/documentaries/inauguration-commonwealth/notes">"Inauguration of the Commonwealth (1901)"</a>. National Film and Sound Archive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190114210223/https://aso.gov.au/titles/documentaries/inauguration-commonwealth/notes/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Inauguration+of+the+Commonwealth+%281901%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faso.gov.au%2Ftitles%2Fdocumentaries%2Finauguration-commonwealth%2Fnotes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000218-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000218_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000219-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000219_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000217-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000217_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000220-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000220_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Nauze1962208-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Nauze1962208_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLa_Nauze1962">La Nauze 1962</a>, p. 208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Nauze1962209-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Nauze1962209_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLa_Nauze1962">La Nauze 1962</a>, p. 209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000222-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000222_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Nauze1962210-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Nauze1962210_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLa_Nauze1962">La Nauze 1962</a>, p. 210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abjorensen-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-abjorensen_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbjorensen2015" class="citation book cs1">Abjorensen, Norman (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://honesthistory.net.au/wp/wp-content/uploads/193-Abjorensen-Edmund-Barton_Chapter.pdf">"Edmund Barton: Tobias Hamlet and the long goodbye"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Manner of Their Going: Prime Ministerial Exits from Lyne to Abbott</i>. Australian Scholarly Publishing. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Edmund+Barton%3A+Tobias+Hamlet+and+the+long+goodbye&rft.btitle=The+Manner+of+Their+Going%3A+Prime+Ministerial+Exits+from+Lyne+to+Abbott&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Australian+Scholarly+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Abjorensen&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhonesthistory.net.au%2Fwp%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F193-Abjorensen-Edmund-Barton_Chapter.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000226–227-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000226–227_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, pp. 226–227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000226-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000226_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000234-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000234_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000235-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000235_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000235_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/barton/elections.aspx">"Elections"</a>. <i>Australia's Prime Ministers</i>. National Archives of Australia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190715221044/http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/barton/elections.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australia%27s+Prime+Ministers&rft.atitle=Elections&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprimeministers.naa.gov.au%2Fprimeministers%2Fbarton%2Felections.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000236-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000236_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 236.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000230–232-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000230–232_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, pp. 230–232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKwan2007" class="citation journal cs1">Kwan, Elizabeth (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Senate/Powers_practice_n_procedures/~/~/link.aspx?_id=A0A94E3E819F4BA094C3DD2F61DC20BE&_z=z">"National Parliament, National Symbols: From British to Australian Identity"</a>. <i>Papers on Parliament</i>. <b>47</b>. Australian Parliamentary Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190125183630/https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Senate/Powers_practice_n_procedures/~/~/link.aspx?_id=A0A94E3E819F4BA094C3DD2F61DC20BE&_z=z">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Papers+on+Parliament&rft.atitle=National+Parliament%2C+National+Symbols%3A+From+British+to+Australian+Identity&rft.volume=47&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Kwan&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aph.gov.au%2FAbout_Parliament%2FSenate%2FPowers_practice_n_procedures%2F~%2F~%2Flink.aspx%3F_id%3DA0A94E3E819F4BA094C3DD2F61DC20BE%26_z%3Dz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apmio-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-apmio_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/barton/in-office.aspx">"Edmund Barton, In office"</a>. <i>Australia's Prime Ministers</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_of_Australia" title="National Archives of Australia">National Archives of Australia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100301061504/http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/barton/in-office.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australia%27s+Prime+Ministers&rft.atitle=Edmund+Barton%2C+In+office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprimeministers.naa.gov.au%2Fprimeministers%2Fbarton%2Fin-office.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apmff-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-apmff_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/barton/fast-facts.aspx">"Edmund Barton, fast facts"</a>. <i>Australia's Prime Ministers</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_of_Australia" title="National Archives of Australia">National Archives of Australia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141109050443/http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/Barton/fast-facts.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australia%27s+Prime+Ministers&rft.atitle=Edmund+Barton%2C+fast+facts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprimeministers.naa.gov.au%2Fprimeministers%2Fbarton%2Ffast-facts.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorris1981" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Norris, R. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A080275b.htm">"Deakin, Alfred (1856–1919)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography" title="Australian Dictionary of Biography">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a></i>. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7"><bdi>978-0-522-84459-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1833-7538">1833-7538</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70677943">70677943</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Deakin%2C+Alfred+%281856%E2%80%931919%29&rft.btitle=Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=National+Centre+of+Biography%2C+Australian+National+University&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70677943&rft.issn=1833-7538&rft.isbn=978-0-522-84459-7&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adb.online.anu.edu.au%2Fbiogs%2FA080275b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Latest intelligence – Sir Edmund Barton in Canada". <i>The Times</i>. No. 36865. London. 5 September 1902. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Latest+intelligence+%E2%80%93+Sir+Edmund+Barton+in+Canada&rft.issue=36865&rft.pages=p.-3&rft.date=1902-09-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Latest intelligence – Sir Edmund Barton in Canada". <i>The Times</i>. No. 36870. London. 11 September 1902. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Latest+intelligence+%E2%80%93+Sir+Edmund+Barton+in+Canada&rft.issue=36870&rft.pages=p.-3&rft.date=1902-09-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbjorensen2015-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbjorensen2015_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbjorensen2015_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbjorensen2015">Abjorensen 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000294-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000294_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000299-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000299_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 299.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000301-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000301_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 301.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000302-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000302_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 302.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000303-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000303_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 303.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000304–306-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000304–306_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 304–306.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000306-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000306_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 306.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000304–305-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000304–305_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, pp. 304–305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000305-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000305_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000305_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000313-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000313_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000313_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 313.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000314-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000314_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 314.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000306–307-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000306–307_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, pp. 306–307.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000308-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000308_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 308.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000309-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000309_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 309.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000318–319-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000318–319_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, pp. 318–319.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000322-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000322_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, p. 322.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2000322–323-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2000322–323_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBolton2000">Bolton 2000</a>, pp. 322–323.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Markwell" title="Donald Markwell">Donald Markwell</a>, "Griffith, Barton and the early governor-generals: aspects of Australia's constitutional development", <i>Public Law Review</i>, 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Markwell, "Griffith, Barton and the early governor-generals", <a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_Law_Review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public Law Review (page does not exist)">Public Law Review</a>, 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article142985560">"Australians Abroad"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Australasian" class="mw-redirect" title="The Australasian">The Australasian</a></i>. Vol. C, no. 2, 598. Victoria, Australia. 15 January 1916. p. 38<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2018</span> – via Trove.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australasian&rft.atitle=Australians+Abroad.&rft.volume=C&rft.issue=2%2C+598&rft.pages=38&rft.date=1916-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article142985560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1988" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Foster, Leonie (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/robinson-sir-arthur-8241">"Robinson, Sir Arthur (1872–1945)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography" title="Australian Dictionary of Biography">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a></i>. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7"><bdi>978-0-522-84459-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1833-7538">1833-7538</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70677943">70677943</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Robinson%2C+Sir+Arthur+%281872%E2%80%931945%29&rft.btitle=Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=National+Centre+of+Biography%2C+Australian+National+University&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70677943&rft.issn=1833-7538&rft.isbn=978-0-522-84459-7&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Leonie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadb.anu.edu.au%2Fbiography%2Frobinson-sir-arthur-8241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"The Coronation Honours". <i>The Times</i>. No. 36804. London. 26 June 1902. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+Coronation+Honours&rft.issue=36804&rft.pages=p.-5&rft.date=1902-06-26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette27448" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/27448/supplement/4189">"No. 27448"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 26 June 1902. pp. 4189–4196.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+27448&rft.pages=4189-4196&rft.date=1902-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F27448%2Fsupplement%2F4189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Court Circular". <i>The Times</i>. No. 36842. London. 9 August 1902. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Court+Circular&rft.issue=36842&rft.pages=p.-6&rft.date=1902-08-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"University intelligence". <i>The Times</i>. No. 36803. London. 25 June 1902. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=University+intelligence&rft.issue=36803&rft.pages=p.-12&rft.date=1902-06-25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"The Colonial Premiers in Edinburgh". <i>The Times</i>. No. 36831. London. 28 July 1902. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+Colonial+Premiers+in+Edinburgh&rft.issue=36831&rft.pages=p.-4&rft.date=1902-07-28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.australianstamp.com/images/large/0006080.jpg">"Stamp"</a>. Australian Stamp and Coin Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110415032235/http://www.australianstamp.com/images/large/0006080.jpg">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stamp&rft.pub=Australian+Stamp+and+Coin+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.australianstamp.com%2Fimages%2Flarge%2F0006080.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.australianstamp.com/images/large/0009190.jpg">"Stamp"</a>. Australian Stamp and Coin Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110415032244/http://www.australianstamp.com/images/large/0009190.jpg">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stamp&rft.pub=Australian+Stamp+and+Coin+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.australianstamp.com%2Fimages%2Flarge%2F0009190.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.masons.org.au/news/605-sir-edmund-barton.html">"Sir Edmund Barton"</a>. Freemasons NSW & ACT. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191231050423/https://www.masons.org.au/news/605-sir-edmund-barton.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sir+Edmund+Barton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.masons.org.au%2Fnews%2F605-sir-edmund-barton.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-ms51">Papers of Sir Edmund Barton</a> / digitised and held by the National Library of Australia</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBolton2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Bolton" title="Geoffrey Bolton">Bolton, Geoffrey</a> (2000). <i>Edmund Barton</i>. St Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86508-409-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86508-409-1"><bdi>978-1-86508-409-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edmund+Barton&rft.place=St+Leonards%2C+NSW&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-86508-409-1&rft.aulast=Bolton&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Hughes" title="Colin Hughes">Hughes, Colin</a> (1976). <i>Mr Prime Minister. Australian Prime Ministers 1901–1972</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-550471-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-550471-2"><bdi>0-19-550471-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mr+Prime+Minister.+Australian+Prime+Ministers+1901%E2%80%931972&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-19-550471-2&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLa_Nauze1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_La_Nauze" title="John La Nauze">La Nauze, John</a> (1957). <i>The Hopetoun Blunder: The Appointment of the First Prime Minister of Australia, December 1900</i>. <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne University Press">Melbourne University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hopetoun+Blunder%3A+The+Appointment+of+the+First+Prime+Minister+of+Australia%2C+December+1900&rft.pub=Melbourne+University+Press&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=La+Nauze&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkwell1999" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Markwell" title="Donald Markwell">Markwell, Donald</a> (1999). "Griffith, Barton and the Early Governor-Generals: Aspects of Australia's Constitutional Development". <i>Public Law Review</i>. <b>10</b>: 280.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Griffith%2C+Barton+and+the+Early+Governor-Generals%3A+Aspects+of+Australia%27s+Constitutional+Development&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=280&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Markwell&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds1999" class="citation book cs1">Reynolds, John (1999) [1948]. <i>Edmund Barton: Prime Minister of Australia 1901–1903</i> (c.1999 ed.). Melbourne, VIC: Bookman P. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-377-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-377-1"><bdi>978-1-86395-377-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edmund+Barton%3A+Prime+Minister+of+Australia+1901%E2%80%931903&rft.place=Melbourne%2C+VIC&rft.edition=c.1999&rft.pub=Bookman+P.&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-86395-377-1&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="{{{ref}}}" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Percival_Serle" title="Percival Serle">Serle, Percival</a> (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks15/1500721h/0-dict-biogBa.html#barton1">"Barton, Edmund"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Australian_Biography" title="Dictionary of Australian Biography">Dictionary of Australian Biography</a></i>. Sydney: <a href="/wiki/Angus_%26_Robertson" title="Angus & Robertson">Angus & Robertson</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Barton%2C+Edmund&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Australian+Biography&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Angus+%26+Robertson&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Serle&rft.aufirst=Percival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.net.au%2Febooks15%2F1500721h%2F0-dict-biogBa.html%23barton1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Edmund_Barton" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Edmund Barton">Edmund Barton</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMennell1892" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Mennell" title="Philip Mennell">Mennell, Philip</a> (1892). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Barton, Hon. Edmund"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Dictionary_of_Australasian_Biography/Barton,_Hon._Edmund">"Barton, Hon. Edmund" </a></span>. <i>The Dictionary of Australasian Biography</i>. London: Hutchinson & Co – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Barton%2C+Hon.+Edmund&rft.btitle=The+Dictionary+of+Australasian+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hutchinson+%26+Co&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Mennell&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmund+Barton" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Legislative_Assembly" title="New South Wales Legislative Assembly">New South Wales Legislative Assembly</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Charles_Windeyer" title="William Charles Windeyer">William Windeyer</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_University_of_Sydney" title="Electoral district of University of Sydney">Member for University of Sydney</a> </b><br />1879–1880 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>District abolished </b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Shepherd_(Australian_politician)" title="John Shepherd (Australian politician)">John Shepherd</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Wellington_(New_South_Wales)" title="Electoral district of Wellington (New South Wales)">Member for Wellington</a> </b><br />1880–1882 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_Ferguson_(Australian_politician)" title="David Ferguson (Australian politician)">David Ferguson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Renwick" title="Arthur Renwick">Arthur Renwick</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_East_Sydney" title="Electoral district of East Sydney">Member for East Sydney</a> </b><br />1882–1887 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/George_Reid" title="George Reid">Reid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Burdekin" title="Sydney Burdekin">Burdekin</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_McElhone" title="John McElhone">McElhone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Copeland_(politician)" title="Henry Copeland (politician)">Copeland</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Griffiths_(Australian_politician)" title="George Griffiths (Australian politician)">Griffiths</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_McMillan_(Australian_politician)" title="William McMillan (Australian politician)">William McMillan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Burdekin" title="Sydney Burdekin">Sydney Burdekin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_East_Sydney" title="Electoral district of East Sydney">Member for East Sydney</a> </b><br />1891–1894 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/William_McMillan_(Australian_politician)" title="William McMillan (Australian politician)">McMillan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varney_Parkes" title="Varney Parkes">Parkes</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Reid" title="George Reid">Reid</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>District abolished </b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Clarke_(New_South_Wales_politician)" title="Francis Clarke (New South Wales politician)">Francis Clarke</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Hastings_and_Macleay" title="Electoral district of Hastings and Macleay">Member for Hastings and Macleay</a> </b><br />1898–1900 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Clarke_(New_South_Wales_politician)" title="Francis Clarke (New South Wales politician)">Francis Clarke</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Wigram_Allen" title="George Wigram Allen">Sir George Wigram Allen</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_New_South_Wales_Legislative_Assembly" title="Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly">Speaker of the Legislative Assembly</a> </b><br />1883–1887 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Henry_Young" title="James Henry Young">James Young</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Salomons" title="Julian Salomons">Julian Salomons</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Government_in_the_Legislative_Council_(New_South_Wales)" title="Leader of the Government in the Legislative Council (New South Wales)">Representative of the Government in the Legislative Council</a> </b><br />1889 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Suttor_Jr." title="William Suttor Jr.">William Suttor Jr.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Bowen_Simpson" title="George Bowen Simpson">Sir George Bowen Simpson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_New_South_Wales" title="Attorney General of New South Wales">Attorney General of New South Wales</a> </b><br />1889 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Bowen_Simpson" title="George Bowen Simpson">Sir George Bowen Simpson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_New_South_Wales" title="Attorney General of New South Wales">Attorney General of New South Wales</a> </b><br />1891–1893 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Heydon" title="Charles Heydon">Charles Heydon</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New political party</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Protectionist_Party" title="Protectionist Party">Leader of the Protectionist Party</a> </b><br />1889–1903 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Alfred Deakin</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament of Australia</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New division</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Hunter" title="Division of Hunter">Member for Hunter</a> </b><br />1901–1903 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Liddell_(politician)" title="Frank Liddell (politician)">Frank Liddell</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister of Australia</a> </b><br />1901–1903 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Alfred Deakin</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Australia)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia)">Minister for External Affairs</a> </b><br />1901–1903 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DDCEF2;">Legal offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Justices_of_the_High_Court_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Justices of the High Court of Australia">Justice of the High Court of Australia</a> </b><br />1903–1920 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hayden_Starke" title="Hayden Starke">Sir Hayden Starke</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Justices_of_the_High_Court_of_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Justices of the High Court of Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Justices_of_the_High_Court_of_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_High_Court_of_Australia" title="List of justices of the High Court of Australia">Justices of the High Court of Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Australia" title="Chief Justice of Australia">Chief Justices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Griffith" title="Samuel Griffith">Griffith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Knox" title="Adrian Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Isaacs" title="Isaac Isaacs">Isaacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gavan_Duffy" title="Frank Gavan Duffy">Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Latham_(judge)" title="John Latham (judge)">Latham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Dixon" title="Owen Dixon">Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garfield_Barwick" title="Garfield Barwick">Barwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Gibbs" title="Harry Gibbs">Gibbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Mason_(judge)" title="Anthony Mason (judge)">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Brennan" title="Gerard Brennan">Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Gleeson" title="Murray Gleeson">M. Gleeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_French" title="Robert French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Kiefel" title="Susan Kiefel">Kiefel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gageler" title="Stephen Gageler">Gageler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Justices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edward_O%27Connor" title="Richard Edward O'Connor">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._B._Higgins" title="H. B. Higgins">Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Powers" title="Charles Powers">Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Piddington" title="Albert Piddington">Piddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rich" title="George Rich">Rich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayden_Starke" title="Hayden Starke">Starke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._V._Evatt" title="H. V. Evatt">Evatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_McTiernan" title="Edward McTiernan">McTiernan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Williams_(judge)" title="Dudley Williams (judge)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Webb_(judge)" title="William Webb (judge)">Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Fullagar" title="Wilfred Fullagar">Fullagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Kitto" title="Frank Kitto">Kitto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Taylor_(Australian_judge)" title="Alan Taylor (Australian judge)">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Menzies" title="Douglas Menzies">Menzies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Windeyer" title="Victor Windeyer">Windeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Owen_(judge)" title="William Owen (judge)">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Walsh" title="Cyril Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninian_Stephen" title="Ninian Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Jacobs" title="Kenneth Jacobs">Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Murphy" title="Lionel Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Aickin" title="Keith Aickin">Aickin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Wilson" title="Ronald Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Deane" title="William Deane">Deane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daryl_Dawson" title="Daryl Dawson">Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Toohey_(judge)" title="John Toohey (judge)">Toohey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Gaudron" title="Mary Gaudron">Gaudron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McHugh" title="Michael McHugh">McHugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gummow" title="William Gummow">Gummow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kirby_(judge)" title="Michael Kirby (judge)">Kirby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Hayne" title="Kenneth Hayne">Hayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Callinan" title="Ian Callinan">Callinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyson_Heydon" title="Dyson Heydon">Heydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Crennan" title="Susan Crennan">Crennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Bell_(judge)" title="Virginia Bell (judge)">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Keane" title="Patrick Keane">Keane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Nettle" title="Geoffrey Nettle">Nettle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Gordon" title="Michelle Gordon">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Edelman" title="James Edelman">Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Steward_(judge)" title="Simon Steward (judge)">Steward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Gleeson" title="Jacqueline Gleeson">J. Gleeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayne_Jagot" title="Jayne Jagot">Jagot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Beech-Jones" title="Robert Beech-Jones">Beech-Jones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Justices shown in order of appointment</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_ministers_of_Australia_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Australia" title="Template:Prime ministers of Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_Australia" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_ministers_of_Australia_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime ministers of Australia</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Australia" title="List of prime ministers of Australia">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Deakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Watson" title="Chris Watson">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Reid" title="George Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Deakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fisher" title="Andrew Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Deakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fisher" title="Andrew Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cook" title="Joseph Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fisher" title="Andrew Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Hughes" title="Billy Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Bruce" title="Stanley Bruce">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Scullin" title="James Scullin">Scullin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lyons" title="Joseph Lyons">Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earle_Page" title="Earle Page">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Menzies" title="Robert Menzies">Menzies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Fadden" title="Arthur Fadden">Fadden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Curtin" title="John Curtin">Curtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Forde" title="Frank Forde">Forde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Chifley" title="Ben Chifley">Chifley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Menzies" title="Robert Menzies">Menzies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Holt" title="Harold Holt">Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McEwen" title="John McEwen">McEwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gorton" title="John Gorton">Gorton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McMahon" title="William McMahon">McMahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gough_Whitlam" title="Gough Whitlam">Whitlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Fraser" title="Malcolm Fraser">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hawke" title="Bob Hawke">Hawke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Keating" title="Paul Keating">Keating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howard" title="John Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd">Rudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Gillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd">Rudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Abbott" title="Tony Abbott">Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Turnbull" title="Malcolm Turnbull">Turnbull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Morrison" title="Scott Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Albanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Prime_Ministers_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Prime Ministers of Australia (page does not exist)">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Barton_Cabinet_(1901–03)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barton_Cabinet" title="Template:Barton Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barton_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Barton Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barton_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Barton Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Barton_Cabinet_(1901–03)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Barton_ministry" title="Barton ministry">Barton Cabinet</a> (1901–03)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b>Prime Minister:</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edmund Barton</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Alfred Deakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dickson_(Queensland_politician)" title="James Dickson (Queensland politician)">James Dickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Drake_(politician)" title="James Drake (politician)">James Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forrest" title="John Forrest">John Forrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Fysh" title="Philip Fysh">Philip Fysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingston" title="Charles Kingston">Charles Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyne" title="William Lyne">William Lyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edward_O%27Connor" title="Richard Edward O'Connor">Richard O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Turner_(Australian_politician)" title="George Turner (Australian politician)">George Turner</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmund_Barton_crop.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Edmund Barton"><img alt="Barton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Edmund_Barton_crop.PNG/75px-Edmund_Barton_crop.PNG" decoding="async" width="75" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Edmund_Barton_crop.PNG/113px-Edmund_Barton_crop.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Edmund_Barton_crop.PNG/150px-Edmund_Barton_crop.PNG 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="811" /></a><figcaption>Edmund Barton</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23342#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23342#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23342#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000006394128X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/75658770">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1719396/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbRfW9FWh77hygVyY3hHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Barton, Edmund, Sir"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1069962260">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2001035001">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35651910">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007603720205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/551057">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/barton-sir-edmund-toby-71">Australia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/05662204X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6rx9ppm">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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