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gravitational confinement</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: gravitational confinement"> <meta name="keywords" content="gravitational confinement"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="gravitational confinement"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 306</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: gravitational confinement</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">306</span> Gravitationally Confined Relativistic Neutrinos and Mathematical Modeling of the Structure of Pions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Constantinos%20Vayenas">Constantinos Vayenas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athanasios%20Fokas"> Athanasios Fokas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitrios%20Grigoriou"> Dimitrios Grigoriou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We use special relativity to compute the inertial and thus gravitational mass of relativistic electron and muon neutrinos, and we find that, for neutrino kinetic energies above 150 MeV/c2, these masses are in the Planck mass range. Consequently, we develop a simple Bohr-type model using gravitational rather than electrostatic forces between the rotating neutrinos as the centripetal force in order to examine the bound rotational states formed by two or three such relativistic neutrinos. We find that the masses of the composite rotational structures formed, are in the meson and baryon mass ranges, respectively. These models contain no adjustable parameters and by comparing their predictions with the experimental values of the masses of protons and pions, we compute a mass of 0.0437 eV/c2 for the heaviest electron neutrino mass and of 1.1 x10-3 eV/c2 for the heaviest muon neutrino mass. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geons" title="geons">geons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20confinement" title=" gravitational confinement"> gravitational confinement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutrino%20masses" title=" neutrino masses"> neutrino masses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20relativity" title=" special relativity"> special relativity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67291/gravitationally-confined-relativistic-neutrinos-and-mathematical-modeling-of-the-structure-of-pions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">305</span> Numerical Study on the Hazards of Gravitational Forces on Cerebral Aneurysms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hashem%20M.%20Alargha">Hashem M. Alargha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20O.%20Hamdan"> Mohammad O. Hamdan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waseem%20H.%20Aziz"> Waseem H. Aziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aerobatic and military pilots are subjected to high gravitational forces that could cause blackout, physical injuries or death. A CFD simulation using fluid-solid interactions scheme has been conducted to investigate the gravitational effects and hazards inside cerebral aneurysms. Medical data have been used to derive the size and geometry of a simple aneurysm on a T-shaped bifurcation. The results show that gravitational force has no effect on maximum Wall Shear Stress (WSS); hence, it will not cause aneurysm initiation/formation. However, gravitational force cause causes hypertension which could contribute to aneurysm rupture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aneurysm" title="aneurysm">aneurysm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cfd" title=" cfd"> cfd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20shear%20stress" title=" wall shear stress"> wall shear stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity" title=" gravity"> gravity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20dynamics" title=" fluid dynamics"> fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bifurcation%20artery" title=" bifurcation artery"> bifurcation artery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50418/numerical-study-on-the-hazards-of-gravitational-forces-on-cerebral-aneurysms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">304</span> Effect of Confinement on Flexural Tensile Strength of Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ahmed">M. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javed%20Mallick"> Javed Mallick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Abul%20Hasan"> Mohammad Abul Hasan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The flexural tensile strength of concrete is an important parameter for determining cracking behavior of concrete structure and to compute deflection under flexure. Many factors have been shown to influence the flexural tensile strength, particularly the level of concrete strength, size of member, age of concrete and confinement to flexure member etc. Empirical equations have been suggested to relate the flexural tensile strength and compressive strength. Limited literature is available for relationship between flexural tensile strength and compressive strength giving consideration to the factors affecting the flexural tensile strength specially the concrete confinement factor. The concrete member such as slabs, beams and columns critical locations are under confinement effects. The paper presents the experimental study to predict the flexural tensile strength and compressive strength empirical relations using statistical procedures considering the effect of confinement and age of concrete for wide range of concrete strength (from 35 to about 100 MPa). It is concluded from study that due consideration of confinement should be given in deriving the flexural tensile strength and compressive strength proportionality equations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title="compressive strength">compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20tensile%20strength" title=" flexural tensile strength"> flexural tensile strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulus%20of%20rupture" title=" modulus of rupture"> modulus of rupture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20procedures" title=" statistical procedures"> statistical procedures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20confinement" title=" concrete confinement"> concrete confinement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2078/effect-of-confinement-on-flexural-tensile-strength-of-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">303</span> On the Efficiency of a Double-Cone Gravitational Motor and Generator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barenten%20Suciu">Barenten Suciu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akio%20Miyamura"> Akio Miyamura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, following the study-case of an inclined plane gravitational machine, efficiency of a double-cone gravitational motor and generator is evaluated. Two types of efficiency ratios, called <em>translational efficiency</em> and <em>rotational efficiency</em>, are defined relative to the intended duty of the gravitational machine, which can be either the production of translational kinetic energy, or rotational kinetic energy. One proved that, for pure rolling movement of the double- cone, in the absence of rolling friction, the total mechanical energy is conserved. In such circumstances, as the motion of the double-cone progresses along rails, the translational efficiency decreases and the rotational efficiency increases, in such way that sum of the rotational and translational efficiencies remains unchanged and equal to 1. Results obtained allow a comparison of the gravitational machine with other types of motor-generators, in terms of the achievable efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title="efficiency">efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction" title=" friction"> friction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20motor%20and%20generator" title=" gravitational motor and generator"> gravitational motor and generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rolling%20and%20sliding" title=" rolling and sliding"> rolling and sliding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=truncated%20double-cone" title=" truncated double-cone"> truncated double-cone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80923/on-the-efficiency-of-a-double-cone-gravitational-motor-and-generator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">302</span> Who Killed Kalief? Examining the Effects of Solitary Confinement on Juvenile Detainees in the United States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esther%20Baldwin">Esther Baldwin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well settled that the use of solitary confinement can cause psychological and physical harm to detainees. For juveniles, who are more susceptible to irreparable harm due to their underdeveloped psyches, the risks are exacerbated. Despite these risks, across the United States juvenile detainees are regularly held in isolation for prolonged periods of time. This essay will examine the broad impact of solitary confinement on juvenile detainees while giving particular focus to the story of Kalief Browder, a juvenile awaiting trial on Rikers Island in New York for a period of three years, nearly two years of which were spent in solitary confinement. Although sadly, his story is not uncommon, Kalief’s story offers a unique perspective in that it provides first-hand insight on the effects of solitary confinement on juveniles. It is our hope that by sharing his story, we will demand better detention practices and policies for juveniles under correctional control in the United States. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminal%20justice%20system" title="criminal justice system">criminal justice system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=juveniles" title=" juveniles"> juveniles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalief%20browder" title=" Kalief browder"> Kalief browder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solitary%20confinement" title=" solitary confinement"> solitary confinement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46258/who-killed-kalief-examining-the-effects-of-solitary-confinement-on-juvenile-detainees-in-the-united-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">301</span> Soil Mass Loss Reduction during Rainfalls by Reinforcing the Slopes with the Surficial Confinement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramli%20Nazir">Ramli Nazir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Moayedi"> Hossein Moayedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil confinement systems serve as effective solutions to any erosion control project. Various confinements systems, namely triangular, circular and rectangular with the size of 50, 100, and 150 mm, and with a depth of 10 mm, were embedded in soil samples at slope angle of 60°. The observed soil mass losses for the confined soil systems were much smaller than those from unconfined system. As a result, the size of confinement and rainfall intensity have a direct effect on the soil mass loss. The triangular and rectangular confinement systems showed the lowest and highest soil loss masses, respectively. The slopes also failed much faster in the unconfined system than in the confined slope. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion%20control" title="erosion control">erosion control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20confinement" title=" soil confinement"> soil confinement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20erosion" title=" soil erosion"> soil erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability" title=" slope stability"> slope stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6822/soil-mass-loss-reduction-during-rainfalls-by-reinforcing-the-slopes-with-the-surficial-confinement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6822.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">841</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">300</span> Influence of Behavior Models on the Response of a Reinforced Concrete Frame: Multi-Fiber Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kahil">A. Kahil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Nekmouche"> A. Nekmouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Khelil"> N. Khelil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Hamadou"> I. Hamadou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hamizi"> M. Hamizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ne.%20Hannachi"> Ne. Hannachi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this work is to study the influence of the nonlinear behavior models of the concrete (concrete_BAEL and concrete_UNI) as well as the confinement brought by the transverse reinforcement on the seismic response of reinforced concrete frame (RC/frame). These models as well as the confinement are integrated in the Cast3m finite element calculation code. The consideration of confinement (TAC, taking into account the confinement) provided by the transverse reinforcement and the non-consideration of confinement (without consideration of containment, WCC) in the presence and absence of a vertical load is studied. The application was made on a reinforced concrete frame (RC/frame) with 3 levels and 2 spans. The results show that on the one hand, the concrete_BAEL model slightly underestimates the resistance of the RC/frame in the plastic field, whereas the concrete_uni model presents the best results compared to the simplified model "concrete_BAEL", on the other hand, for the concrete-uni model, taking into account the confinement has no influence on the behavior of the RC/frame under imposed displacement up to a vertical load of 500 KN. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title="reinforced concrete">reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20calculation" title=" nonlinear calculation"> nonlinear calculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior%20laws" title=" behavior laws"> behavior laws</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20model%20confinement" title=" fiber model confinement"> fiber model confinement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95517/influence-of-behavior-models-on-the-response-of-a-reinforced-concrete-frame-multi-fiber-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">299</span> Design of a Laboratory Test for InvestigatingPermanent Deformation of Asphalt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmaeil%20Ahmadinia">Esmaeil Ahmadinia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20%20Bullen"> Frank Bullen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ron%20%20Ayers"> Ron Ayers</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many concerns have been raised in recent years about the adequacy of existing creep test methods for evaluating rut-resistance of asphalt mixes. Many researchers believe the main reason for the creep tests being unable to duplicate field results is related to a lack of a realistic confinement for laboratory specimens. In-situ asphalt under axle loads is surrounded by a mass of asphalt, which provides stress-strain generated confinement. However, most existing creep tests are largely unconfined in their nature. It has been hypothesised that by providing a degree of confinement, representative of field conditions, in a creep test, it could be possible to establish a better correlation between the field and laboratory. In this study, a new methodology is explored where confinement for asphalt specimens is provided. The proposed methodology is founded on the current Australian test method, adapted to provide simulated field conditions through the provision of sample confinement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphalt%20mixture" title="asphalt mixture">asphalt mixture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creep%20test" title=" creep test"> creep test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confinements" title=" confinements"> confinements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permanent%20deformation" title=" permanent deformation"> permanent deformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59793/design-of-a-laboratory-test-for-investigatingpermanent-deformation-of-asphalt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">298</span> Ultra-Low Chromatic Dispersion, Low Confinement Loss, and Low Nonlinear Effects Index-Guiding Photonic Crystal Fiber </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Olyaee">S. Olyaee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Seifouri"> M. Seifouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Nikoosohbat"> A. Nikoosohbat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shams%20Esfand%20Abadi"> M. Shams Esfand Abadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCFs) can be used in optical communications as transmission lines. For this reason, the PCFs with low confinement loss, low chromatic dispersion, and low nonlinear effects are highly suitable transmission media. In this paper, we introduce a new design of index-guiding photonic crystal fiber (IG-PCF) with ultra-low chromatic dispersion, low nonlinearity effects, and low confinement loss. Relatively low dispersion is achieved in the wavelength range of 1200 to 1600 nm using the proposed design. According to the new structure of IG-PCF presented in this study, the chromatic dispersion slope is -30(ps/km.nm) and the confinement loss reaches below 10-7 dB/km. While in the wavelength range mentioned above at the same time an effective area of more than 50.2μm2 is obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20communication%20systems" title="optical communication systems">optical communication systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=index-guiding" title=" index-guiding"> index-guiding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion" title=" dispersion"> dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confinement%20loss" title=" confinement loss"> confinement loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photonic%20crystal%20fiber" title=" photonic crystal fiber"> photonic crystal fiber</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20500/ultra-low-chromatic-dispersion-low-confinement-loss-and-low-nonlinear-effects-index-guiding-photonic-crystal-fiber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20500.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">609</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">297</span> Using Squeezed Vacuum States to Enhance the Sensitivity of Ground Based Gravitational Wave Interferometers beyond the Standard Quantum Limit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giacomo%20Ciani">Giacomo Ciani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reviews the impact of quantum noise on modern gravitational wave interferometers and explains how squeezed vacuum states are used to push the noise below the standard quantum limit. With the first detection of gravitational waves from a pair of colliding black holes in September 2015 and subsequent detections including that of gravitational waves from a pair of colliding neutron stars, the ground-based interferometric gravitational wave observatories LIGO and VIRGO have opened the era of gravitational-wave and multi-messenger astronomy. Improving the sensitivity of the detectors is of paramount importance to increase the number and quality of the detections, fully exploiting this new information channel about the universe. Although still in the commissioning phase and not at nominal sensitivity, these interferometers are designed to be ultimately limited by a combination of shot noise and quantum radiation pressure noise, which define an envelope known as the standard quantum limit. Despite the name, this limit can be beaten with the use of advanced quantum measurement techniques, with the use of squeezed vacuum states being currently the most mature and promising. Different strategies for implementation of the technology in the large-scale detectors, in both their frequency-independent and frequency-dependent variations, are presented, together with an analysis of the main technological issues and expected sensitivity gain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20waves" title="gravitational waves">gravitational waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferometers" title=" interferometers"> interferometers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=squeezed%20vacuum" title=" squeezed vacuum"> squeezed vacuum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20quantum%20limit" title=" standard quantum limit"> standard quantum limit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85856/using-squeezed-vacuum-states-to-enhance-the-sensitivity-of-ground-based-gravitational-wave-interferometers-beyond-the-standard-quantum-limit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">296</span> Effect of Stirrup Corrosion on Concrete Confinement Strength </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mucip%20Tapan">Mucip Tapan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ozvan"> Ali Ozvan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Akkaya"> Ismail Akkaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated how the concrete confinement strength and axial load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete columns are affected by corrosion damage to the stirrups. A total of small-scale 12 test specimens were cast for evaluating the effect of stirrup corrosion on confinement strength of concrete. The results of this study show that the stirrup corrosion alone dramatically decreases the axial load carrying capacity of corroded reinforced concrete columns. Recommendations were presented for improved inspection practices which will allow estimating concrete confinement strength of corrosion-damaged reinforced concrete bridge columns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge" title="bridge">bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=column" title=" column"> column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inspection" title=" inspection"> inspection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stirrup%20reinforcement" title=" stirrup reinforcement"> stirrup reinforcement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31558/effect-of-stirrup-corrosion-on-concrete-confinement-strength" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">295</span> Effects of COVID-19 Confinement on Physical Activity and Screen Time in Spanish Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Medrano">Maria Medrano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristina%20Cadenas-Sanchez"> Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maddi%20Oses"> Maddi Oses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lide%20Arenaza"> Lide Arenaza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Amasene"> Maria Amasene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Idoia%20Labayen"> Idoia Labayen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The COVID-19 outbreak began in December 2019 in China and was rapidly expanded globally. Emergency measures, such as social distance or home confinement, were adopted by many country governments to prevent its transmission. In Spain, one of the most affected countries, the schools were closed, and one of the most severe mandatory home confinement was established for children from 14th March to 26th April 2020. The hypothesis of this study was that the measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic may have negatively affected physical activity and screen time of children. However, few studies have examined the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle behaviours. Thus, the aim of the current work was to analyse the effects of the COVID-19 confinement on physical activity and screen time in Spanish children. For the current purpose, a total of 113 children and adolescents (12.0 ± 2.6 yr., 51.3% boys, 24.0% with overweight/obesity according to the World Obesity Federation) of the MUGI project were included in the analyses. Physical activity and screen time were longitudinally assessed by 'The Youth Activity Profile' questionnaire (YAP). Differences in physical activity and screen time before and during the confinement were assessed by dependent t-test. Before the confinement, 60% did not meet physical activity recommendations ( ≥ 60/min/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity), and 61% used screens ≥ 2 h/day. During the COVID-19 confinement, children decreased their physical activity levels (-91 ± 55 min/day, p < 0.001) and increased screen time ( ± 2.6 h/day, p < 0.001). The prevalence of children that worsened physical activity and screen time during the COVID-19 confinement were 95.2% and 69.8%, respectively. The current study evidence the negative effects of the COVID-19 confinement on physical activity and screen time in Spanish children. These findings should be taken into account to develop and implement future public health strategies for preserving children's lifestyle behaviours and health during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifestyle%20changes" title=" lifestyle changes"> lifestyle changes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paediatric" title=" paediatric"> paediatric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20activity" title=" physical activity"> physical activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screen%20time" title=" screen time"> screen time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128256/effects-of-covid-19-confinement-on-physical-activity-and-screen-time-in-spanish-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">294</span> Aqueous Hydrogen Sulphide in Slit-Shaped Silica Nano-Pores: Confinement Effects on Solubility, Structural and Dynamical Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakiru%20Badmos">Sakiru Badmos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20R.%20Cole"> David R. Cole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alberto%20Striolo"> Alberto Striolo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is known that confinement in nm-size pores affects many structural and transport properties of water and co-existing volatile species. Of particular interest for fluids in sub-surface systems, in catalysis, and in separations are reports that confinement can enhance the solubility of gases in water. Equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations were performed for aqueous H₂S confined in slit-shaped silica pores at 313K. The effect of pore width on the H₂S solubility in water was investigated. Other properties of interest include the molecular distribution of the various fluid molecules within the pores, the hydration structure for solvated H₂S molecules, and the dynamical properties of the confined fluids. The simulation results demonstrate that confinement reduces the H₂S solubility in water and that the solubility increases with pore size. Analysis of spatial distribution functions suggests that these results are due to perturbations on the coordination of water molecules around H₂S due to confinement. Confinement is found to dampen the dynamical properties of aqueous H₂S as well. Comparing the results obtained for aqueous H₂S to those reported elsewhere for aqueous CH₄, it can be concluded that H₂S permeates hydrated slit-shaped silica nano-pores faster than CH₄. In addition to contributing to better understanding the behavior of fluids in subsurface formations, these observations could also have important implications for developing new natural gas sweetening technologies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confinement" title="confinement">confinement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interfacial%20properties" title=" interfacial properties"> interfacial properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamic%20simulation" title=" molecular dynamic simulation"> molecular dynamic simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-surface%20formations" title=" sub-surface formations"> sub-surface formations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101421/aqueous-hydrogen-sulphide-in-slit-shaped-silica-nano-pores-confinement-effects-on-solubility-structural-and-dynamical-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101421.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">293</span> Effects of CFRP Confinement on PCC and Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Jahangeer%20Munir">Muhammad Jahangeer Munir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liaqat%20Ali%20Qureshi"> Liaqat Ali Qureshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junaid%20Ahmed"> Junaid Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the investigation regarding use of glass fibers in structural concrete members and determining the behavior of normal PCC, GFRC and retrofitted GFRC under different tests performed in the laboratory. Effect of retrofitting on the GFRC & PCC was investigated by using three patterns of CFRP wrapping. Properties like compressive, split tensile and flexural strength of normal GFRC and retrofitted GFRC were investigated and compared with their PCC counterparts. It was found that GFRC has more compressive strength as compared to PCC. At lower confinement pressures PCC behaves better than GFRC. Confinement efficiency was lower in GFRC as compared to PCC in terms of Split tensile strength. In case of GFRC all the patterns of wrapped CFRP strips showed more strength than their PCC counterparts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20fiber%20reinforced%20polymers" title="carbon fiber reinforced polymers">carbon fiber reinforced polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confinement" title=" confinement"> confinement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass%20fibers" title=" glass fibers"> glass fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retrofitting" title=" retrofitting "> retrofitting </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22863/effects-of-cfrp-confinement-on-pcc-and-glass-fiber-reinforced-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">608</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">292</span> Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Units Using Gravitational Search Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satyendra%20Pratap%20Singh">Satyendra Pratap Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20P.%20Singh"> S. P. Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a methodology using Gravitational Search Algorithm for optimal placement of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in order to achieve complete observability of the power system. The objective of proposed algorithm is to minimize the total number of PMUs at the power system buses, which in turn minimize installation cost of the PMUs. In this algorithm, the searcher agents are collection of masses which interact with each other using Newton’s laws of gravity and motion. This new Gravitational Search Algorithm based method has been applied to the IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 118-bus test systems. Case studies reveal optimal number of PMUs with better observability by proposed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20search%20algorithm%20%28GSA%29" title="gravitational search algorithm (GSA)">gravitational search algorithm (GSA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law%20of%20motion" title=" law of motion"> law of motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law%20of%20gravity" title=" law of gravity"> law of gravity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=observability" title=" observability"> observability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phasor%20measurement%20unit" title=" phasor measurement unit"> phasor measurement unit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24189/optimal-placement-of-phasor-measurement-units-using-gravitational-search-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">507</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">291</span> Low Nonlinear Effects Index-Guiding Nanostructured Photonic Crystal Fiber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Olyaee">S. Olyaee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Seifouri"> M. Seifouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Nikoosohbat"> A. Nikoosohbat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shams%20Esfand%20Abadi"> M. Shams Esfand Abadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCFs) can be used in optical communications as transmission lines. For this reason, the PCFs with low confinement loss, low chromatic dispersion, and low nonlinear effects are highly suitable transmission media. In this paper, we introduce a new design of index-guiding nanostructured photonic crystal fiber (IG-NPCF) with ultra-low chromatic dispersion, low nonlinearity effects, and low confinement loss. Relatively low dispersion is achieved in the wavelength range of 1200 to 1600nm using the proposed design. According to the new structure of nanostructured PCF presented in this study, the chromatic dispersion slope is -30(ps/km.nm) and the confinement loss reaches below 10-7 dB/km. While in the wavelength range mentioned above at the same time an effective area of more than 50.2μm2 is obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20communication%20systems" title="optical communication systems">optical communication systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructured" title=" nanostructured"> nanostructured</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=index-guiding" title=" index-guiding"> index-guiding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion" title=" dispersion"> dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confinement%20loss" title=" confinement loss"> confinement loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photonic%20crystal%20fiber" title=" photonic crystal fiber"> photonic crystal fiber</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18766/low-nonlinear-effects-index-guiding-nanostructured-photonic-crystal-fiber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">560</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">290</span> Einstein’s General Equation of the Gravitational Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Benzian">A. Benzian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The generalization of relativistic theory of gravity based essentially on the principle of equivalence stipulates that for all bodies, the grave mass is equal to the inert mass which leads us to believe that gravitation is not a property of the bodies themselves, but of space, and the conclusion that the gravitational field must curved space-time what allows the abandonment of Minkowski space (because Minkowski space-time being nonetheless null curvature) to adopt Riemannian geometry as a mathematical framework in order to determine the curvature. Therefore the work presented in this paper begins with the evolution of the concept of gravity then tensor field which manifests by Riemannian geometry to formulate the general equation of the gravitational field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inertia" title="inertia">inertia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principle%20of%20equivalence" title=" principle of equivalence"> principle of equivalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensors" title=" tensors"> tensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riemannian%20geometry" title=" Riemannian geometry"> Riemannian geometry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113632/einsteins-general-equation-of-the-gravitational-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">289</span> Ultrafast Transistor Laser Containing Graded Index Separate Confinement Heterostructure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Hosseini">Mohammad Hosseini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ultrafast transistor laser investigated here has the graded index separate confinement heterostructure (GRIN-SCH) in its base region. Resonance-free optical frequency response with -3dB bandwidth of more than 26 GHz has been achieved for a single quantum well transistor laser by using graded index layers of AlξGa1-ξAs (ξ: 0.1→0) on the left side of the quantum well and AlξGa1-ξAs (ξ: 0.05→0) in the right side of quantum well. All required parameters, including quantum well and base transit time, optical confinement factor and spontaneous recombination lifetime, have been calculated using a self-consistent charge control model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transistor%20laser" title="transistor laser">transistor laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrafast" title=" ultrafast"> ultrafast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GRIN-SCH" title=" GRIN-SCH"> GRIN-SCH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=-3db%20optical%20bandwidth" title=" -3db optical bandwidth"> -3db optical bandwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al%CE%BEGa1-%CE%BEAs" title=" AlξGa1-ξAs"> AlξGa1-ξAs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163022/ultrafast-transistor-laser-containing-graded-index-separate-confinement-heterostructure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163022.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">288</span> The Effect of Dark energy on Amplitude of Gravitational Waves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jafar%20Khodagholizadeh">Jafar Khodagholizadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this talk, we study the tensor mode equation of perturbation in the presence of nonzero $-\Lambda$ as dark energy, whose dynamic nature depends on the Hubble parameter $ H$ and/or its time derivative. Dark energy, according to the total vacuum contribution, has little effect during the radiation-dominated era, but it reduces the squared amplitude of gravitational waves (GWs) up to $60\%$ for the wavelengths that enter the horizon during the matter-dominated era. Moreover, the observations bound on dark energy models, such as running vacuum model (RVM), generalized running vacuum model (GRVM), and generalized running vacuum subcase (GRVS), are effective in reducing the GWs’ amplitude. Although this effect is less for the wavelengths that enter the horizon at later times, this reduction is stable and permanent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20waves" title="gravitational waves">gravitational waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dark%20energy" title=" dark energy"> dark energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GW%27s%20amplitude" title=" GW's amplitude"> GW's amplitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=all%20stage%20universe" title=" all stage universe"> all stage universe</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144763/the-effect-of-dark-energy-on-amplitude-of-gravitational-waves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144763.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">287</span> Hexagonal Honeycomb Sandwich Plate Optimization Using Gravitational Search Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Boudjemai">A. Boudjemai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Zafrane"> A. Zafrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Hocine"> R. Hocine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Honeycomb sandwich panels are increasingly used in the construction of space vehicles because of their outstanding strength, stiffness and light weight properties. However, the use of honeycomb sandwich plates comes with difficulties in the design process as a result of the large number of design variables involved, including composite material design, shape and geometry. Hence, this work deals with the presentation of an optimal design of hexagonal honeycomb sandwich structures subjected to space environment. The optimization process is performed using a set of algorithms including the gravitational search algorithm (GSA). Numerical results are obtained and presented for a set of algorithms. The results obtained by the GSA algorithm are much better compared to other algorithms used in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title="optimization">optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20search%20algorithm" title=" gravitational search algorithm"> gravitational search algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honeycomb%20plate" title=" honeycomb plate"> honeycomb plate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10421/hexagonal-honeycomb-sandwich-plate-optimization-using-gravitational-search-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10421.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">286</span> Bulk Viscous Bianchi Type V Cosmological Model with Time Dependent Gravitational Constant and Cosmological Constant in General Relativity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reena%20Behal">Reena Behal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20P.%20Shukla"> D. P. Shukla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we investigate Bulk Viscous Bianchi Type V Cosmological Model with Time dependent gravitational constant and cosmological constant in general Relativity by assuming ξ(t)=ξ_(0 ) p^m where ξ_(0 ) and m are constants. We also assume a variation law for Hubble parameter as H(R) = a (R^(-n)+1), where a>0, n>1 being constant. Two universe models were obtained, and their physical behavior has been discussed. When n=1 the Universe starts from singular state whereas when n=0 the cosmology follows a no singular state. The presence of bulk viscosity increase matter density’s value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bulk%20Viscous%20Bianchi%20Type%20V%20Cosmological%20Model" title="Bulk Viscous Bianchi Type V Cosmological Model">Bulk Viscous Bianchi Type V Cosmological Model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hubble%20constants" title=" hubble constants"> hubble constants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20constant" title=" gravitational constant"> gravitational constant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cosmological%20constants" title=" cosmological constants"> cosmological constants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78768/bulk-viscous-bianchi-type-v-cosmological-model-with-time-dependent-gravitational-constant-and-cosmological-constant-in-general-relativity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78768.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">285</span> Influence of AAR-Induced Expansion Level on Confinement Efficiency of CFRP Wrapping Applied to Damaged Circular Concrete Columns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thamer%20Kubat">Thamer Kubat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riadh%20Al%20Mahiadi"> Riadh Al Mahiadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Shayan"> Ahmad Shayan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) in concrete has a negative influence on the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. Confinement by carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is an effective method of treatment for some AAR-affected elements. Eighteen reinforced columns affected by different levels of expansion due to AAR were confined using CFRP to evaluate the effect of expansion level on confinement efficiency. Strength and strain capacities (axial and circumferential) were measured using photogrammetry under uniaxial compressive loading to evaluate the efficiency of CFRP wrapping for the rehabilitation of affected columns. In relation to uniaxial compression capacity, the results indicated that the confinement of AAR-affected columns by one layer of CFRP is sufficient to reach and exceed the load capacity of unaffected sound columns. Parallel to the experimental study, finite element (FE) modeling using ATENA software was employed to predict the behavior of CFRP-confined damaged concrete and determine the possibility of using the model in a parametric study by simulating the number of CFRP layers. A comparison of the experimental results with the results of the theoretical models showed that FE modeling could be used for the prediction of the behavior of confined AAR-damaged concrete. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ATENA" title="ATENA">ATENA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20fiber%20reinforced%20polymer%20%28CFRP%29" title=" carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)"> carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confinement%20efficiency" title=" confinement efficiency"> confinement efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20%28FE%29" title=" finite element (FE)"> finite element (FE)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160404/influence-of-aar-induced-expansion-level-on-confinement-efficiency-of-cfrp-wrapping-applied-to-damaged-circular-concrete-columns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">284</span> Effect of Confinement on the Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Spread Foundations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahsin%20Toma%20Sabbagh">Tahsin Toma Sabbagh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ihsan%20Al-Abboodi"> Ihsan Al-Abboodi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Al-Jazaairry"> Ali Al-Jazaairry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Allowable-bearing capacity is the competency of soil to safely carries the pressure from the superstructure without experiencing a shear failure with accompanying excessive settlements. Ensuring a safe bearing pressure with respect to failure does not tolerate settlement of the foundation will be within acceptable limits. Therefore, settlement analysis should always be performed since most structures are settlement sensitive. When visualising the movement of a soil wedge in the bearing capacity criterion, both vertically and horizontally, it becomes clear that by confining the soil surrounding the foundation, both the bearing capacity and settlement values improve. In this study, two sizes of spread foundation were considered; (2×4) m and (3×5) m. These represent two real problem case studies of an existing building. The foundations were analysed in terms of dimension as well as position with respect to a confining wall (i.e., sheet piles on both sides). Assuming B is the least foundation dimension, the study comprised the analyses of three distances; (0.1 B), (0.5 B), and (0.75 B) between the sheet piles and foundations alongside three depths of confinement (0.5 B), (1 B), and (1.5 B). Nonlinear three-dimensional finite element analysis (ANSYS) was adopted to perform an analytical investigation on the behaviour of the two foundations contained by the case study. Results showed that confinement of foundations reduced the overall stresses near the foundation by 65% and reduced the vertical displacement by 90%. Moreover, the most effective distance between the confinement wall and the foundation was found to be 0.5 B. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing%20capacity" title="bearing capacity">bearing capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesionless%20soils" title=" cohesionless soils"> cohesionless soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20confinement" title=" soil confinement"> soil confinement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20modelling" title=" soil modelling"> soil modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spread%20footings" title=" spread footings"> spread footings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98937/effect-of-confinement-on-the-bearing-capacity-and-settlement-of-spread-foundations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98937.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">283</span> Influence of Alkali Aggregate Reaction Induced Expansion Level on Confinement Efficiency of Carbon Fiber Reinforcement Polymer Wrapping Applied to Damaged Concrete Columns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thamer%20Kubat">Thamer Kubat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riadh%20Al-Mahaidi"> Riadh Al-Mahaidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Shayan"> Ahmad Shayan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) in concrete has a negative influence on the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. Confinement by carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) is an effective method of treatment for some AAR-affected elements. Eighteen reinforced columns affected by different levels of expansion due to AAR were confined using CFRP to evaluate the effect of expansion level on confinement efficiency. Strength and strain capacities (axial and circumferential) were measured using photogrammetry under uniaxial compressive loading to evaluate the efficiency of CFRP wrapping for the rehabilitation of affected columns. In relation to uniaxial compression capacity, the results indicated that the confinement of AAR-affected columns by one layer of CFRP is sufficient to reach and exceed the load capacity of unaffected sound columns. Parallel to the experimental study, finite element (FE) modeling using ATENA software was employed to predict the behavior of CFRP-confined damaged concrete and determine the possibility of using the model in a parametric study by simulating the number of CFRP layers. A comparison of the experimental results with the results of the theoretical models showed that FE modeling could be used for the prediction of the behavior of confined AAR-damaged concrete. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20fiber%20reinforced%20polymer%20%28CFRP%29" title="carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)">carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20%28FE%29" title=" finite element (FE)"> finite element (FE)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ATENA" title=" ATENA"> ATENA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confinement%20efficiency" title=" confinement efficiency"> confinement efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166174/influence-of-alkali-aggregate-reaction-induced-expansion-level-on-confinement-efficiency-of-carbon-fiber-reinforcement-polymer-wrapping-applied-to-damaged-concrete-columns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166174.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">282</span> The Study of Solar Activity during Sun Eclipse and Its Relation to Earthquake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanieh%20Sadat%20Jannesari.%20Rahelehossadat%20Abtahi">Hanieh Sadat Jannesari. Rahelehossadat Abtahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kourosh%20Bamzadeh"> Kourosh Bamzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Nadimi"> Alireza Nadimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The earthquake is one of the most devastating natural hazards, in which hundreds of thousands have lost their lives as a result of it. So far, experts have tried to use precursors to identify the earthquake before it occurs in order to alert and save people, a part of which relates to solar activity and earthquakes. The purpose of this article is to investigate solar activity during the solar eclipse as a precursor to pre-earthquake awareness. Information from this article is derived from the Influences and USGS Daily Data Center. During solar activity, electric interactions between the solar wind and the celestial bodies are formed, and then gravitational lenses are formed. If, during this event, there is also an eclipse, the dispersed waves in space (in accordance with the theory of general relativity of Einstein) in contact with plasma-gravitational lenses in space will move in a straight line toward the earth. In addition to forming the focal point, these gravitational lenses reflect the source image either at their focal length or farther away. The image reflected in the earth by ionized particles in the form of energy transmission lines can cause material collapse and earthquakes. In this study, the correlation between solar winds and the celestial bodies during the solar eclipse is about 76% of the location of large earthquakes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title="earthquake">earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma-gravitational%20lens" title=" plasma-gravitational lens"> plasma-gravitational lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20eclipse" title=" solar eclipse"> solar eclipse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20spots" title=" solar spots"> solar spots</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190332/the-study-of-solar-activity-during-sun-eclipse-and-its-relation-to-earthquake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">281</span> Accelerated Expansion of a Matter-Antimatter Universe and Gravity as an Electromagnetic Force</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maarten%20J.%20Van%20der%20Burgt">Maarten J. Van der Burgt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A universe containing matter and antimatter can only exist when matter and antimatter repel each other. Such a system, where like attracts like and like repels unlike, will always expand. Calculations made for such a symmetric universe demonstrate that the expansion is consistent with Hubble’s law, the observed increase in the expansion velocity with time, the initial high acceleration and the foam structure of the universe. Conversely, these observations can be considered as proof for a symmetrical universe and for antimatter possessing a negative gravitational mass. A second proof can be found by reinterpreting the behavior of relativistic moving charged particles. Attributing their behavior to a charge defect of √(1-v2/c2) instead of to a mass defect of 1/√(1-v2/c2) makes it plausible that gravitation is an electromagnetic force, as already suggested by Feynman. This would automatically imply that antimatter has a negative gravitational mass. These proofs underpin the untenability of the Weak Equivalence Principle which states that in a gravitational field all structure less point-like particles follow the same path. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=celestial%20mechanics" title="celestial mechanics">celestial mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cosmology" title=" cosmology"> cosmology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitation%20astrophysics" title=" gravitation astrophysics"> gravitation astrophysics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=origin%20of%20structure" title=" origin of structure"> origin of structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miscellaneous%20%28matter%20and%20antimatter%29" title=" miscellaneous (matter and antimatter)"> miscellaneous (matter and antimatter)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57939/accelerated-expansion-of-a-matter-antimatter-universe-and-gravity-as-an-electromagnetic-force" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">280</span> Fabrication and Properties of Al2O3/Si Quantum Well-Structured Silicon Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwang-Ho%20Kim">Kwang-Ho Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwan-Hong%20Min"> Kwan-Hong Min</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pyungwoo%20Jang"> Pyungwoo Jang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chisup%20Jung"> Chisup Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyu%20Seomoon"> Kyu Seomoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By restricting the dimensions of silicon to less than Bohr radius of bulk crystalline silicon (∼5 nm), quantum confinement causes its effective bandgap to increase. Therefore, silicon quantum wells (QWs) using these quantum phenomena could be a good candidate to achieve high performance silicon solar cells. The Al2O3/Si QW structures were fabricated by using the successive deposition technique, as a quantum confinement device to increase the effective energy bandgap and passivation effect in Si surface for the 3rd generation solar cell applications. In Si/Al2O3 QWs, the thicknesses of Si layers and Al2O3 layers were varied between 1 to 5 nm, respectively. The roughness of deposited Si on Al2O3 was less than 4 Å in the thickness of 2 nm. By using the Al2O3/Si QW structures on Si surfaces, the lifetime measured by u-PCD technique increased as a result of passivated surface effects. The discussion about the other properties such as electrical and optical properties of the QWs structures as well as the fabricated solar cells will be presented in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al2O3%2FSi%20quantum%20well" title="Al2O3/Si quantum well">Al2O3/Si quantum well</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20confinement" title=" quantum confinement"> quantum confinement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20cells" title=" solar cells"> solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third%20generation" title=" third generation"> third generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=successive%20deposition%20technique" title=" successive deposition technique"> successive deposition technique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6308/fabrication-and-properties-of-al2o3si-quantum-well-structured-silicon-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6308.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">279</span> Simulation of Reflectometry in Alborz Tokamak</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kohestani">S. Kohestani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Amrollahi"> R. Amrollahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Daryabor"> P. Daryabor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microwave diagnostics such as reflectometry are receiving growing attention in magnetic confinement fusionresearch. In order to obtain the better understanding of plasma confinement physics, more detailed measurements on density profile and its fluctuations might be required. A 2D full-wave simulation of ordinary mode propagation has been written in an effort to model effects seen in reflectometry experiment. The code uses the finite-difference-time-domain method with a perfectly-matched-layer absorption boundary to solve Maxwell’s equations.The code has been used to simulate the reflectometer measurement in Alborz Tokamak. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflectometry" title="reflectometry">reflectometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordinary%20mode" title=" ordinary mode"> ordinary mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tokamak" title=" tokamak"> tokamak</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30953/simulation-of-reflectometry-in-alborz-tokamak" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30953.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">278</span> Tetrad field and torsion vectors in Schwarzschild solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.A.Bakry1">M.A.Bakry1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%2A">*</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aryn%20T.%20Shafeek1">Aryn T. Shafeek1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%2B">+</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, absolute Parallelism geometry is used to study the torsional gravitational field. And discovered the tetrad fields, torsion vector, and torsion scalar of Schwarzschild space. The new solution of the torsional gravitational field is a generalization of Schwarzschild in the context of general relativity. The results are applied to the planetary orbits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absolute%20parallelism%20geometry" title="absolute parallelism geometry">absolute parallelism geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tetrad%20fields" title=" tetrad fields"> tetrad fields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torsion%20vectors" title=" torsion vectors"> torsion vectors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torsion%20scalar" title=" torsion scalar"> torsion scalar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146382/tetrad-field-and-torsion-vectors-in-schwarzschild-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146382.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">277</span> Effects of Methods of Confinement during Transportation of Market Pigs on Meat Quality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pongchan%20Na-Lampang">Pongchan Na-Lampang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to compare the results of transport of slaughter pigs to slaughterhouse by 2 methods, i.e. individual confined and group confined on the truck on meat quality. The pigs were transported for 1 h on a distance of 70 km. The stocking densities were 0.35 m2/pig and 0.48 m2 for group and individual crate treatment, respectively. It was found that meat quality of pigs transported by 2 different methods as measured in terms of pH level (at 45 min and 48 hr post mortem), color (brightness, redness and yellowness) and water holding capacity was not significantly different. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20pig" title="market pig">market pig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation" title=" transportation"> transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meat%20quality" title=" meat quality"> meat quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confinement" title=" confinement"> confinement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8183/effects-of-methods-of-confinement-during-transportation-of-market-pigs-on-meat-quality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20confinement&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20confinement&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20confinement&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20confinement&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20confinement&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20confinement&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20confinement&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20confinement&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20confinement&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20confinement&page=11">11</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20confinement&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> 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