CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913408f23d84fd20',cH: 'a8Pkgd9jsAFbsknJ25xPsuL63w2fVfmIqho41xyTfK4-1739777037-1.2.1.1-RrmgM.PIPHPM0Q7s57nKpiwb0qwW4CGa9k5zDJHK0XpfFxFYxXE_pYbp9uQgCbZG',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/25972\/design-and-simulation-a-low-phase-noise-cmos-lc-vco-for-ieee80211a-wlan-applications?__cf_chl_tk=rYQSMCWp2R3SI1QrTR14uS_YygpP8ssBx1iKDqrXe2g-1739777037-1.0.1.1-uqIQiwatqZx0fME0aPmW0rATZ3UzlduK2mabFAdE48o",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739777037',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/25972\/design-and-simulation-a-low-phase-noise-cmos-lc-vco-for-ieee80211a-wlan-applications?__cf_chl_f_tk=rYQSMCWp2R3SI1QrTR14uS_YygpP8ssBx1iKDqrXe2g-1739777037-1.0.1.1-uqIQiwatqZx0fME0aPmW0rATZ3UzlduK2mabFAdE48o",md: "B9kBRMUrK2dcbVNkPsmG8dvhixR1mUF2aPUuzu.DuD0-1739777037-1.2.1.1-IlAKNeF.THoO8WD_56s18EWJsvXbi_h09XJTu0K1ywAvGbMR7_XD4hv1AjpDkGFKDpA_3L.EM6g4sx1XTPM.xg.V0Xcs3Ez61gizNyWQXTsex70ZHCkWqKVuxZhtWqHk7ycqh8_O_fvcXRaReXxFjrH6RMnzSeJOAvH5YpFs9PFro9.BzEQ80Dns16b4iocmswtnIEeveQN3hWCKoDmK9CX8tUgjqAUtGfHgzXwFY9AKzj6e8phPfJwck8H2wyUTpV3vkyRuy2OHJNIlKujCqROVUtTr1_5E1cqnBsWQKBq.nk5wAqw.13lVte88wHOwn3epuFNnsjGqjxu_xMGU0DE.vVbGItnkVpWhsM91.2BikndlmU14ut2ba8qd7vqRdlo7XPd5cDOPwE6lsem1FFRBxM2TRkpj9IPCL7zlQo.oesQMCLIy3X6ol3BRYsl2TBr9NwHK34eIr_g4nNdksxogphXOW.2v77pzdkUJEhfTKws8P9lXPZPvuHXtU74JP7i0foroioQ9.IX4ovyVapFPBeI.EUSLUHxuU2hBvLlcMooT.LQzRwzIjQEcCyiB3zM1_Uko9vY_2AQk_BjgBGrOYaqrKgSEP.G0sWz16KnK5AFDlynu7bvSQ47JQiHEPp0YjCTmDaEIwTlIYxvHMG2WbmAzhr1nGtiC3EumtqUdvFieM3W1lUf2azott0Q5e5ITNGyfYw9VDSlzQqs.irXAiPR3W9bet.ft6VnAlCNkLj4oJfQXWfL97_5kFTBL3ps974YheRdGbMw9_9FafV1aNzpRYszrEbodkMS2vgLq32gXAIGUugKPwhjm4MaZ39bLsdw7bjpvP87EkKdoFzCgIH3kcth_h8VqVgtNt.njocLjIRUyjb4lB7Lu490wNZFUgEMS7pI.JwNr9Pft2krwcdY9f0ocNdS2qLMk6UnfJvsd7CRCxtBC_1DXByYXUOgxbg_nEQ5QRIDAZ3bReQzoLbSiDl1vGUvkaj7aLc16vB144EpZogwZzJF2Zv68Pd5T93SLeJbC8m3Du19q_jWxVJvYTSPXcmKqb1pQ0_SqFEccw3k4iHq0IB_kscJFGkDFXuERVmVjgp5g6KJTmSovTr1bMeJ3CniTFUDXGKbUdi6khRBV4nIZwfTATYcWguKOS4IVSnlWN2TPeDiir_pTTiaeGmqLmlm1Ts7ZiR6JaX8NkTq.ag5bGQeX_YzGGXDJ7q2lo8IE4cyxn3ZDO1Pm6zg1A_rm2sdLJwqCABBmJgo7ks.JNpRP3I1qGolSBXFB92ExDjQB0kDgRroKYx7Avbrm6Bu7ykj3PlveTihFd8R.jDq4fDNa_0F11MBRxVwOlbUujDQgsJ7Uhfhkru1jJ.ZfUe304hwJBORKYqAWCY8m1MqVW47oOM86y.e9TqizqMHvQ6xwjwMSN9V.8BaYV3GptHvOBsZB72FBvztrNQLpSiszArgf1DTIdvTsduVvvHRFuDzSEzGluEtt0jGeyZCzQN28ZZSknpvCtDxKSVG0JWXRxji5SZzW9YU9munFbPbhQhJBnMZaVImDcTBa0CCspT4hgIsZAfNtWsFPKGkF1w1Rj1_q68qoBrsK2.FGmwr0CswPq9.wICfKnI5sNNpynTiKwCD7zrawdn5nTCJCHseci1pUnsEMWjxXqruqOyw_Q7NMv7LLaBRxyue0Y9.mPHjxbIiVxDn__DUpkMT_Kv6CDQHSXVAAA_7JWLBzP8VFz9sL3SUVAD_6jIWwd7vw4j4DbXHQuLrYrY7vfh3dVU2zTIKZDFJf2q1W5bnipAe7NO647o7cV59fd07Sfnm0YNoE_rTTqK.d.CuDYAeW2DlzFus3.GzGa105cQhlBTd_tNe_1JuknpPwbJGQ9tYL5fW2J2Q6Dq04z68DroZx68Izquz9F15165PwXkwbUN9QxBlRPNsBFFlRO53NMxjPQd9ujWlp.ubERCwcl95Ch6WbfZgSXqMAeMAZJgVyDcLnYP2_BHqlVP.kVLI0m0bN5BlS5wGzDEfgl3vcQtXXVrIAn_11AfvlCkA9IhkCZf3KerK9atBuCTo6fzUA.DTM0XjGavXvpjgzw0NKvlnZqz.9vrTfvvR0Qqc4NXVgh3yAK3desPZkOvl6RQ",mdrd: "N9ctOtXwFMZ78Yp7PrSsdeSOkbmA0cLwbG56tiAZ5.M-1739777037-1.2.1.1-XfGnIFZxK_jfDgPPwCyFLpyvZtssdsEavG.XcKwb1fV8itwQ8ju2uZdi_mTZrpQGEn5SYwioTDtbC09W3z60ri.0_5rfoKGLnGdImCT0q9kz67PluZWOKRcGqf7kf9Ssdw_qaLAk76GZVeaMqhW9l4dU.pj6EUaWXY2lwEX4TCN1C1iDaG1djnGtXdj3CFqYL87UCVArLArU_Z6E5Pi9SQ.2mUb_feuxqPeC2m3XAb3uAh4uV0V.B0I6CSQo5LqQU6HedRyTpCa5jRnSs49xy1isw4f4xGYzgJB4aBspmNEiZtASjB30t0smBISMWs.dWumaQWrKJ_tsYNKadPfQMGVtfuvxqUtenYpNwkLmA4ky_VF_ZO0q9QyJG9fFH_jEGtwm3iIsFHQWBHHTVnEkVI6EICJqG2eH8H0jFiVT50nw7Qx1pAc1awKZiuRHyULIefaiBAHvur7sVflc9LsJpdxdwShZhq73jAmnJxL.x1im9SC_8A3HYkrVAX5a14H3gANt81fp4FmtUp8raShFn4JRKgQUtbwFjciBj6l8UJC0RppdIec.iELNI.bdrLj_1ZJFUxafRhAcfXngrh4pDdcycD_fiMFg6GUDoTwI9h9OHxqL7oRziOFaXjB21sybBq_MNiPwzasP.KjHl9MyyFGqOzG3EQ5UfORq0u0Hk7qYQH6MshC9ahWzKPUfQmLZDGHUVRUkAAlHda_TX6vOkCC84VdS.IthSk5JfCJefl9Ju7VYkS51_GgelqGNxoblG2C2QGAxACp4TvH3FcoNa8xORursMwcfrtN5CgSqQuf1rY0nu8br4OpW3I8Eszpr1Zr9OzOEh1Jk.7eWGH4BbT6TUNWQpLQqEwN7tQRj6_4eoVJk3yxEFelJotC9fDWZTf7v8CbqqI8D4U4YTYoly8c_TRIw3qqrAE_oNchXb_Y5HOtp7k_.0W98ZY.quZxAjMXeRi62XIsFnr14sVJxWgkHLjdJfzOVtglrQHaFgfQydNPoTcLiakbF2e54l5prPeeddn6qUQMWTYSZzDaA4lfxei4aClahss1aRdG5M7E_tXgBtwaXmVVXjbkyERMnlkuVXqi3bdp0.kE4vPKmSxxFWoGEDihKl72FFuvay9NRW.GJR4.GTq2zplsxZDSPg7S5GUE8L4GCbFOmzysCjeOZ6FO0CjlL0aQr8ki1pd_tNnr5mMTTK3N8aNIQTHERujy3EAwIdNRCLYURMgljDKug5qJrl3p2FJK.wfXJO_sI2B_onshJq9xZBxQdGRpFOsOkJR4ygokZo54sMNd6isxggxjh0dQRKYDSRzCG5B7PZ0VRUNDajNiKkFWN_jJyLxJJ3tTG8wvQJb_Y_4NUQcP4mzgow1GSmjFCLTZjj9LdRG9cNDe3OcQeDoTk0RWQyX_mF5rzmHsNYcrpZxOvraNqCV4oWUSVad4XvN2JVpygEmLNmuNMsljZoZJc6Go2jkCZcW15iw2jbrL7umwnkxBnVqnW02SGbT5n2IfMlleTN7N7zOSIfwPEn_mrpBeQ7KMb.oSgMp0Wiq57og2FsJ5Lq45T3eMojdjjCQ7tq0FbeaXNSYeCFn33W.tG4bRBFqfIPqumm4svMsvztj9sIzr1wrwabcls5YGs6ssrpNVjBukzH2YpSCYgLRdSVG6jhVhKOQeT61AJO8vCn90QSyxj.6N_x2YqSeqFFxBH76ShG5Gh19fXNsjG0ZWkpto86RVe89xv8yArxvJFBrYxPb0h.YeqbgmcPA9wF8MsZJnVucaYlgHWIAgVNGz2mzYKkn0Lz9OLb_puKc5kgHytHPiGWRS8aasrz6phlUvugMLYnq0GmnfiAGKi9J44TIbSZjTEeNLQhafRMxM84p9HngASbEXTR8ifcaPzTxYA5fVwtRU93EYEFg7wthRnpdLzqwTWMGUFX6n9hXHeZWVpncvRwxEnlMemg7q2vTeKWBfJfCnKTujc26lDDTX23o7lvs.Y2TKXEKW0uYDfI0udrQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913408f23d84fd20';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/25972\/design-and-simulation-a-low-phase-noise-cmos-lc-vco-for-ieee80211a-wlan-applications?__cf_chl_rt_tk=rYQSMCWp2R3SI1QrTR14uS_YygpP8ssBx1iKDqrXe2g-1739777037-1.0.1.1-uqIQiwatqZx0fME0aPmW0rATZ3UzlduK2mabFAdE48o" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>