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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Function-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Function subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Molecular_mechanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Molecular_mechanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Molecular mechanism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Molecular_mechanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cellular_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cellular_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Cellular role</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cellular_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution_among_organisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_among_organisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Distribution among organisms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_among_organisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance_and_application" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance_and_application"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Clinical significance and application</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clinical_significance_and_application-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Clinical significance and application subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance_and_application-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bacterial_identification_(catalase_test)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacterial_identification_(catalase_test)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Bacterial identification (catalase test)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacterial_identification_(catalase_test)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacterial_virulence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacterial_virulence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Bacterial virulence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacterial_virulence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acatalasia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acatalasia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Acatalasia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acatalasia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gray_hair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gray_hair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Gray hair</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gray_hair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Interactions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Methods_for_determining_catalase_activity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methods_for_determining_catalase_activity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Methods for determining catalase activity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methods_for_determining_catalase_activity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Catalase</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalase" title="Katalase – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Katalase" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="كاتالاز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاتالاز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="کاتالاز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کاتالاز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Каталаза – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каталаза" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalaza" title="Katalaza – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Katalaza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalasa" title="Catalasa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Catalasa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katal%C3%A1za" title="Kataláza – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kataláza" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalase" title="Katalase – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Katalase" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalase" title="Katalase – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Katalase" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalaas" title="Katalaas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Katalaas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalasa" title="Catalasa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Catalasa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalasa" title="Katalasa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Katalasa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="کاتالاز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاتالاز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalase" title="Catalase – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Catalase" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalase" title="Catalase – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Catalase" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="카탈레이스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카탈레이스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%A6" title="Կատալազ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կատալազ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalaza" title="Katalaza – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Katalaza" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalazo" title="Katalazo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Katalazo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim_katalase" title="Enzim katalase – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Enzim katalase" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalasi" title="Catalasi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Catalasi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%96" title="קטלאז – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קטלאז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%95_(%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D)" title="ಕ್ರಿಯಾವರ್ಧಕ (ಕ್ಯಾಟಲೇಸ್) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ರಿಯಾವರ್ಧಕ (ಕ್ಯಾಟಲೇಸ್)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Каталаза – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Каталаза" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katal%C3%A1z" title="Kataláz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kataláz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalase" title="Katalase – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Katalase" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalase" title="Katalase – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Katalase" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BC" title="カタラーゼ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カタラーゼ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalase" title="Katalase – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Katalase" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalase" title="Katalase – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Katalase" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalaza" title="Katalaza – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Katalaza" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalaza" title="Katalaza – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Katalaza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalase" title="Catalase – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Catalase" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalaz%C4%83" title="Catalază – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Catalază" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Каталаза – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каталаза" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalaza" title="Katalaza – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Katalaza" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Каталаза – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Каталаза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalaza" title="Katalaza – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Katalaza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalaasi" title="Katalaasi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Katalaasi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalas" title="Katalas – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Katalas" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalaz" title="Katalaz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Katalaz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Каталаза – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каталаза" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalase" title="Catalase – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Catalase" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%B4%E9%85%B5%E7%B4%A0" title="雙氧水酵素 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="雙氧水酵素" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2%E9%85%B6" title="过氧化氢酶 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="过氧化氢酶" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12824566#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Enzyme decomposing hydrogen peroxide</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Catalase</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_7cat_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/PDB_7cat_EBI.jpg/220px-PDB_7cat_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/PDB_7cat_EBI.jpg/330px-PDB_7cat_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/PDB_7cat_EBI.jpg/440px-PDB_7cat_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee">Catalase</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a></th><td class="infobox-data pfam" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/pfam/PF00199">PF00199</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR011614">IPR011614</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/PROSITE" title="PROSITE">PROSITE</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prosite.expasy.org/PDOC00395">PDOC00395</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Structural_Classification_of_Proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural Classification of Proteins">SCOP2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scop2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/search?t=txt;q=7cat">7cat</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scop.berkeley.edu/pdb/code=7cat">SCOPe</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supfam.org/SUPERFAMILY/cgi-bin/search.cgi?search_field=7cat">SUPFAM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Orientations_of_Proteins_in_Membranes_database" title="Orientations of Proteins in Membranes database">OPM superfamily</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opm.phar.umich.edu/protein_superfamilies/370">370</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Orientations_of_Proteins_in_Membranes_database" title="Orientations of Proteins in Membranes database">OPM protein</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opm.phar.umich.edu/proteins?search=3e4w">3e4w</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Conserved_Domain_Database" title="Conserved Domain Database">CDD</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/cddsrv.cgi?uid=cd00328">cd00328</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Available protein structures:</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a>  </th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pfam.xfam.org/family/PF00199?tab=pdbBlock">structures</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prodata.swmed.edu/ecod/complete/search?kw=PF00199">ECOD</a>  </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.annotation_id:PF00199%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.type:Pfam">RCSB PDB</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/search/index?pfam_accession:PF00199">PDBe</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdbj.org/search/pdb?other_db_select=PFam&other_db_field=PF00199">PDBj</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/PDBsum" title="PDBsum">PDBsum</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/pdbsum/GetPfamStr.pl?pfam_id=PF00199">structure summary</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Catalase</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC no.</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enzyme-database.org/query.php?ec=1.11.1.6">1.11.1.6</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/CAS_registry_number" class="mw-redirect" title="CAS registry number">CAS no.</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=9001-05-2&title=">9001-05-2 </a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Databases</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/IntEnz" title="IntEnz">IntEnz</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=1.11.1.6">IntEnz view</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/BRENDA" title="BRENDA">BRENDA</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=1.11.1.6">BRENDA entry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/ExPASy" class="mw-redirect" title="ExPASy">ExPASy</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/1.11.1.6">NiceZyme view</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?enzyme+1.11.1.6">KEGG entry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/MetaCyc" title="MetaCyc">MetaCyc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biocyc.org/META/substring-search?type=NIL&object=1.11.1.6">metabolic pathway</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/PRIAM_enzyme-specific_profiles" title="PRIAM enzyme-specific profiles">PRIAM</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://priam.prabi.fr/cgi-bin/PRIAM_profiles_CurrentRelease.pl?EC=1.11.1.6">profile</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a> structures</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity.rcsb_ec_lineage.id:1.11.1.6">RCSB PDB</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/search/index?ec_number:1.11.1.6">PDBe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/enzymes/GetPage.pl?ec_number=1.11.1.6">PDBsum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Gene_Ontology" title="Gene Ontology">Gene Ontology</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0004096">AmiGO </a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0004096">QuickGO</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Search</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&term=1.11.1.6%5BEC/RN%20Number%5D%20AND%20pubmed%20pmc%20local%5Bsb%5D">articles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&term=1.11.1.6%5BEC/RN%20Number%5D">articles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein?term=1.11.1.6%5BEC/RN%20Number%5D">proteins</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="width:26.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">CAT</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Catalase_Structure.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Catalase_Structure.png/250px-Catalase_Structure.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Catalase_Structure.png/375px-Catalase_Structure.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Catalase_Structure.png/500px-Catalase_Structure.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3039" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Available structures</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2" style="background-color:#c3fdb8;width:43px"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee">Ortholog search: <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/searchResults.html?display=both&term=P24270%20or%20P04040">PDBe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_name:UniProt%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_accession:P24270,P04040">RCSB</a> </span></td></tr><tr><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr style="background-color:#ddd;text-align:center"><th colspan="2">List of PDB id codes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1DGB">1DGB</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1DGF">1DGF</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1DGG">1DGG</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1DGH">1DGH</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1F4J">1F4J</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1QQW">1QQW</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Aliases</a></span></th><td colspan="3" style="background:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/1516">CAT</a></span>, catalase</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">External IDs</th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/115500">115500</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:88271">88271</a>; <a href="/wiki/HomoloGene" title="HomoloGene">HomoloGene</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=homologene&dopt=HomoloGene&list_uids=55514">55514</a>; <a href="/wiki/GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CAT">CAT</a>; <a href="/wiki/Orthologous_MAtrix" title="Orthologous MAtrix">OMA</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000121691">CAT - orthologs</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_human_chromosome_11.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 11 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 11 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ideogram_human_chromosome_11.svg/300px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_11.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ideogram_human_chromosome_11.svg/450px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_11.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Ideogram_human_chromosome_11.svg/600px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_11.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="189" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_11_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 11 (human)">Chromosome 11 (human)</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_chromosome_11_ideogram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 11 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 11 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Human_chromosome_11_ideogram.svg/300px-Human_chromosome_11_ideogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Human_chromosome_11_ideogram.svg/450px-Human_chromosome_11_ideogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Human_chromosome_11_ideogram.svg/600px-Human_chromosome_11_ideogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 69.622274153842px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for CAT"><img alt="Genomic location for CAT" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 75.6px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for CAT"><img alt="Genomic location for CAT" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">11p13</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">34,438,934 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">34,472,060 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 2 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 2 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/260px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/390px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/520px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">Chromosome 2 (mouse)<sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 2 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 2 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/300px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/450px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/600px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="231" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 161.44079621232px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for CAT"><img alt="Genomic location for CAT" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 167.4px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for CAT"><img alt="Genomic location for CAT" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">2 E2|2 54.43 cM</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">103,284,194 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">103,315,505 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">RNA expression</a> pattern</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/">Bgee</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th><b><a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a></b></th><th><b><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a> (ortholog)</b></th></tr><tr><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000121691">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">trabecular bone</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">kidney tubule</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">renal medulla</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">jejunal mucosa</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">liver</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">bone marrow</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">right lobe of liver</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">mucosa of ileum</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">skin of hip</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">skin of thigh</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSMUSG00000027187">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">left lobe of liver</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">blood</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">proximal tubule</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">tunica adventitia of aorta</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">right kidney</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">subcutaneous adipose tissue</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">stroma of bone marrow</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">brown adipose tissue</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">human kidney</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">intercostal muscle</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000121691">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/">BioGPS</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_CAT_211922_s_at_fs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/PBB_GE_CAT_211922_s_at_fs.png/250px-PBB_GE_CAT_211922_s_at_fs.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/PBB_GE_CAT_211922_s_at_fs.png/375px-PBB_GE_CAT_211922_s_at_fs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/PBB_GE_CAT_211922_s_at_fs.png/500px-PBB_GE_CAT_211922_s_at_fs.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="530" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_CAT_201432_at_fs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/PBB_GE_CAT_201432_at_fs.png/250px-PBB_GE_CAT_201432_at_fs.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/PBB_GE_CAT_201432_at_fs.png/375px-PBB_GE_CAT_201432_at_fs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/PBB_GE_CAT_201432_at_fs.png/500px-PBB_GE_CAT_201432_at_fs.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/gene/847/">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene ontology</a></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Molecular function</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042803">protein homodimerization activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0004046">aminoacylase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0004601">peroxidase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046872">metal ion binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016684">oxidoreductase activity, acting on peroxide as acceptor</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0004096">catalase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016209">antioxidant activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0020037">heme binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050661">NADP binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019899">enzyme binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016491">oxidoreductase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005102">signaling receptor binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042802">identical protein binding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Cellular component</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005829">cytosol</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005794">Golgi apparatus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016020">membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043231">intracellular membrane-bounded organelle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005925">focal adhesion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005758">mitochondrial intermembrane space</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005778">peroxisomal membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005777">peroxisome</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005886">plasma membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005782">peroxisomal matrix</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005783">endoplasmic reticulum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005739">mitochondrion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005764">lysosome</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070062">extracellular exosome</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005576">extracellular region</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005615">extracellular space</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0034774">secretory granule lumen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1904813">ficolin-1-rich granule lumen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Biological process</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0080184">response to phenylpropanoid</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001657">ureteric bud development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032355">response to estradiol</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001666">response to hypoxia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046686">response to cadmium ion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070542">response to fatty acid</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001822">kidney development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0014854">response to inactivity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0055093">response to hyperoxia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0071363">cellular response to growth factor stimulus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007568">ageing</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008203">cholesterol metabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0033591">response to L-ascorbic acid</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043066">negative regulation of apoptotic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010193">response to ozone</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006979">response to oxidative stress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0014823">response to activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051262">protein tetramerization</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0033197">response to vitamin E</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032868">response to insulin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0033189">response to vitamin A</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009060">aerobic respiration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010288">response to lead ion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051092">positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001649">osteoblast differentiation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042744">hydrogen peroxide catabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009650">UV protection</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0014068">positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009314">response to radiation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009642">response to light intensity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045471">response to ethanol</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032088">negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006641">triglyceride metabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051289">protein homotetramerization</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009411">response to UV</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009636">response to toxic substance</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042542">response to hydrogen peroxide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0020027">hemoglobin metabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051781">positive regulation of cell division</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0098869">cellular oxidant detoxification</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043312">neutrophil degranulation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000302">response to reactive oxygen species</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0034599">cellular response to oxidative stress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006625">protein targeting to peroxisome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center">Sources:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/">Amigo</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/">QuickGO</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Orthologs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthologs">Orthologs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Species</th><td><b>Human</b></td><td><b>Mouse</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=847&rn=1">847</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=12359&rn=1">12359</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000121691;db=core">ENSG00000121691</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000027187;db=core">ENSMUSG00000027187</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04040">P04040</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P24270">P24270</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (mRNA)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001752">NM_001752</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_009804">NM_009804</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (protein)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001743">NP_001743</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_033934">NP_033934</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Location (UCSC)</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&db=hg38&position=chr11:34438934-34472060">Chr 11: 34.44 – 34.47 Mb</a></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Mouse&db=mm0&position=chr2:103284194-103315505">Chr 2: 103.28 – 103.32 Mb</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> search</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14849060" class="extiw" title="d:Q14849060">View/Edit Human</a></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14849114" class="extiw" title="d:Q14849114">View/Edit Mouse</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Catalase</b> is a common <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme</a> found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a>, plants, and animals) which <a href="/wiki/Catalyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalyst">catalyzes</a> the decomposition of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">hydrogen peroxide</a> to <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid14745498_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid14745498-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a very important enzyme in protecting the cell from <a href="/wiki/Oxidative_stress" title="Oxidative stress">oxidative damage</a> by <a href="/wiki/Reactive_oxygen_species" title="Reactive oxygen species">reactive oxygen species</a> (ROS). Catalase has one of the highest <a href="/wiki/Turnover_number" title="Turnover number">turnover numbers</a> of all enzymes; one catalase molecule can convert millions of hydrogen peroxide molecules to water and oxygen each second.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Catalase is a <a href="/wiki/Tetrameric_protein" title="Tetrameric protein">tetramer</a> of four polypeptide chains, each over 500 <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acids</a> long.<sup id="cite_ref-Boon_a_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boon_a-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It contains four iron-containing <a href="/wiki/Heme" title="Heme">heme</a> groups that allow the enzyme to react with hydrogen peroxide. The optimum <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> for human catalase is approximately 7,<sup id="cite_ref-Maehly_1954_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maehly_1954-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has a fairly broad maximum: the rate of reaction does not change appreciably between pH 6.8 and 7.5.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid6727660_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid6727660-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pH optimum for other catalases varies between 4 and 11 depending on the species.<sup id="cite_ref-urlEC_1.11.1.6_-_catalase_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlEC_1.11.1.6_-_catalase-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The optimum temperature also varies by species.<sup id="cite_ref-Bucknell_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bucknell-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalase&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Human catalase forms a <a href="/wiki/Tetramer" title="Tetramer">tetramer</a> composed of four <a href="/wiki/Protein_subunit" title="Protein subunit">subunits</a>, each of which can be conceptually divided into four domains.<sup id="cite_ref-Putnam_2000_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Putnam_2000-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The extensive core of each subunit is generated by an eight-stranded antiparallel <a href="/wiki/Beta_barrel" title="Beta barrel">β-barrel</a> (β1-8), with nearest neighbor connectivity capped by β-barrel loops on one side and α9 loops on the other.<sup id="cite_ref-Putnam_2000_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Putnam_2000-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Alpha_helix" title="Alpha helix">helical</a> domain at one face of the β-barrel is composed of four C-terminal helices (α16, α17, α18, and α19) and four helices derived from residues between β4 and β5 (α4, α5, α6, and α7).<sup id="cite_ref-Putnam_2000_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Putnam_2000-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternative splicing may result in different protein variants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalase&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Catalase was first noticed in 1818 by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Jacques_Th%C3%A9nard" title="Louis Jacques Thénard">Louis Jacques Thénard</a>, who discovered <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">hydrogen peroxide</a> (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). Thénard suggested its breakdown was caused by an unknown substance. In 1900, <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Loew" title="Oscar Loew">Oscar Loew</a> was the first to give it the name catalase, and found it in many plants and animals.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17751716_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17751716-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1937 catalase from beef liver was crystallized by <a href="/wiki/James_B._Sumner" title="James B. Sumner">James B. Sumner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dounce" title="Alexander Dounce">Alexander Dounce</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid17776781_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17776781-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the molecular weight was measured in 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17831682_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17831682-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acid</a> sequence of <a href="/wiki/Bovine" class="mw-redirect" title="Bovine">bovine</a> catalase was determined in 1969,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid4892021_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid4892021-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the three-dimensional structure in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid7328661_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7328661-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalase&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Molecular_mechanism">Molecular mechanism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalase&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Molecular mechanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the complete mechanism of catalase is not currently known,<sup id="cite_ref-Boon_b_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boon_b-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_reaction" title="Chemical reaction">reaction</a> is believed to occur in two stages: </p> <dl><dd>H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> + Fe(III)-E → H<sub>2</sub>O + O=Fe(IV)-E(.+)</dd></dl> <dl><dd>H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> + O=Fe(IV)-E(.+) → H<sub>2</sub>O + Fe(III)-E + O<sub>2</sub><sup id="cite_ref-Boon_b_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boon_b-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Here Fe()-E represents the <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> center of the <a href="/wiki/Heme" title="Heme">heme</a> group attached to the enzyme. Fe(IV)-E(.+) is a mesomeric form of Fe(V)-E, meaning the iron is not completely oxidized to +V, but receives some stabilising electron density from the heme ligand, which is then shown as a radical cation (.+). </p><p>As hydrogen peroxide enters the <a href="/wiki/Active_site" title="Active site">active site</a>, it does not interact with the <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acids</a> Asn148 (<a href="/wiki/Asparagine" title="Asparagine">asparagine</a> at position 148) and <a href="/wiki/Histidine" title="Histidine">His75</a>, causing a <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> (hydrogen <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ion</a>) to transfer between the oxygen atoms. The free oxygen atom coordinates, freeing the newly formed water molecule and Fe(IV)=O. Fe(IV)=O reacts with a second hydrogen peroxide molecule to reform Fe(III)-E and produce water and oxygen.<sup id="cite_ref-Boon_b_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boon_b-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reactivity of the iron center may be improved by the presence of the phenolate <a href="/wiki/Ligand" title="Ligand">ligand</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tyrosine" title="Tyrosine">Tyr358</a> in the fifth coordination position, which can assist in the <a href="/wiki/Oxidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidation">oxidation</a> of the Fe(III) to Fe(IV). The efficiency of the reaction may also be improved by the interactions of His75 and Asn148 with <a href="/wiki/Reaction_intermediates" class="mw-redirect" title="Reaction intermediates">reaction intermediates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Boon_b_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boon_b-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by catalase proceeds according to first-order kinetics, the rate being proportional to the hydrogen peroxide concentration.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Catalase can also catalyze the oxidation, by <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">hydrogen peroxide</a>, of various metabolites and toxins, including <a href="/wiki/Formaldehyde" title="Formaldehyde">formaldehyde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Formic_acid" title="Formic acid">formic acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phenols" title="Phenols">phenols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acetaldehyde" title="Acetaldehyde">acetaldehyde</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alcohols" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohols">alcohols</a>. It does so according to the following reaction: </p> <dl><dd>H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>R → 2H<sub>2</sub>O + R</dd></dl> <p>The exact mechanism of this reaction is not known. </p><p>Any heavy metal ion (such as copper cations in <a href="/wiki/Copper(II)_sulfate" title="Copper(II) sulfate">copper(II) sulfate</a>) can act as a <a href="/wiki/Noncompetitive_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Noncompetitive inhibitor">noncompetitive inhibitor</a> of catalase. However, "Copper deficiency can lead to a reduction in catalase activity in tissues, such as heart and liver."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the poison <a href="/wiki/Cyanide" title="Cyanide">cyanide</a> is a noncompetitive inhibitor<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of catalase at high concentrations of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">hydrogen peroxide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arsenate" title="Arsenate">Arsenate</a> acts as an <a href="/wiki/Enzyme_activator" title="Enzyme activator">activator</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three-dimensional <a href="/wiki/Protein_structure" title="Protein structure">protein structures</a> of the peroxidated catalase intermediates are available at the <a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">Protein Data Bank</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cellular_role">Cellular role</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalase&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cellular role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hydrogen peroxide is a harmful byproduct of many normal <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolic</a> processes; to prevent damage to cells and tissues, it must be quickly converted into other, less dangerous substances. To this end, catalase is frequently used by cells to rapidly catalyze the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_decomposition" title="Chemical decomposition">decomposition</a> of hydrogen peroxide into less-reactive <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gaseous</a> <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> and water molecules.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaetani_1996_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaetani_1996-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mice genetically engineered to lack catalase are initially phenotypically normal.<sup id="cite_ref-Ho_2004_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ho_2004-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, catalase deficiency in mice may increase the likelihood of developing <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a>, fatty liver,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27939935_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27939935-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes mellitus type 2">type 2 diabetes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Góth_2012_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Góth_2012-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some humans have very low levels of catalase (<a href="/wiki/Acatalasia" title="Acatalasia">acatalasia</a>), yet show few ill effects. </p><p>The increased <a href="/wiki/Oxidative_stress" title="Oxidative stress">oxidative stress</a> that occurs with <a href="/wiki/Ageing" title="Ageing">aging</a> in mice is alleviated by <a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">over-expression</a> of catalase.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27575890_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27575890-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over-expressing mice do not exhibit the age-associated loss of <a href="/wiki/Spermatozoon" title="Spermatozoon">spermatozoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Testicle" title="Testicle">testicular</a> <a href="/wiki/Germ_cell" title="Germ cell">germ</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sertoli_cell" title="Sertoli cell">Sertoli cells</a> seen in wild-type mice. Oxidative stress in <a href="/wiki/Wild-type" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild-type">wild-type</a> mice ordinarily induces oxidative <a href="/wiki/DNA_damage_(naturally_occurring)" title="DNA damage (naturally occurring)">DNA damage</a> (measured as <a href="/wiki/8-Oxo-2%27-deoxyguanosine" title="8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine">8-oxodG</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Sperm" title="Sperm">sperm</a> with aging, but these damages are significantly reduced in aged catalase over-expressing mice.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27575890_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27575890-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, these over-expressing mice show no decrease in age-dependent number of pups per litter. Overexpression of catalase targeted to mitochondria extends the lifespan of mice.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15879174_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15879174-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">eukaryotes</a>, catalase is usually located in a cellular <a href="/wiki/Organelle" title="Organelle">organelle</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Peroxisome" title="Peroxisome">peroxisome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MBOC_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MBOC-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peroxisomes in plant cells are involved in <a href="/wiki/Photorespiration" title="Photorespiration">photorespiration</a> (the use of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide) and symbiotic <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_fixation" title="Nitrogen fixation">nitrogen fixation</a> (the breaking apart of <a href="/wiki/Diatomic" class="mw-redirect" title="Diatomic">diatomic</a> <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> (N<sub>2</sub>) to reactive nitrogen atoms). Hydrogen peroxide is used as a potent antimicrobial agent when cells are infected with a pathogen. Catalase-positive pathogens, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legionella_pneumophila" title="Legionella pneumophila">Legionella pneumophila</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Campylobacter_jejuni" title="Campylobacter jejuni">Campylobacter jejuni</a></i>, make catalase to deactivate the peroxide radicals, thus allowing them to survive unharmed within the <a href="/wiki/Host_(biology)" title="Host (biology)">host</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12949187_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12949187-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_dehydrogenase" title="Alcohol dehydrogenase">alcohol dehydrogenase</a>, catalase converts ethanol to acetaldehyde, but it is unlikely that this reaction is physiologically significant.<sup id="cite_ref-lieb97_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lieb97-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_among_organisms">Distribution among organisms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalase&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Distribution among organisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The large majority of known organisms use catalase in every <a href="/wiki/Organ_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Organ (anatomy)">organ</a>, with particularly high concentrations occurring in the <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a> in mammals.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catalase is found primarily in <a href="/wiki/Peroxisome" title="Peroxisome">peroxisomes</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cytosol" title="Cytosol">cytosol</a> of <a href="/wiki/Erythrocyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Erythrocyte">erythrocytes</a> (and sometimes in <a href="/wiki/Mitochondria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondria">mitochondria</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid11351128_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11351128-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p><p>Almost all <a href="/wiki/Aerobic_microorganisms" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerobic microorganisms">aerobic microorganisms</a> use catalase. It is also present in some <a href="/wiki/Anaerobic_organism" title="Anaerobic organism">anaerobic</a> <a href="/wiki/Microorganisms" class="mw-redirect" title="Microorganisms">microorganisms</a>, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Methanosarcina_barkeri" title="Methanosarcina barkeri">Methanosarcina barkeri</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16735730_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16735730-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catalase is also universal among <a href="/wiki/Plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Plants">plants</a> and occurs in most <a href="/wiki/Fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungi">fungi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One unique use of catalase occurs in the <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_beetle" title="Bombardier beetle">bombardier beetle</a>. This beetle has two sets of liquids that are stored separately in two paired glands. The larger of the pair, the storage chamber or reservoir, contains <a href="/wiki/Hydroquinone" title="Hydroquinone">hydroquinones</a> and hydrogen peroxide, while the smaller, the reaction chamber, contains catalases and <a href="/wiki/Peroxidase" title="Peroxidase">peroxidases</a>. To activate the noxious spray, the beetle mixes the contents of the two compartments, causing oxygen to be liberated from hydrogen peroxide. The oxygen oxidizes the hydroquinones and also acts as the propellant.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10449758_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10449758-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oxidation reaction is very <a href="/wiki/Exothermic" class="mw-redirect" title="Exothermic">exothermic</a> (ΔH = −202.8 kJ/mol) and rapidly heats the mixture to the boiling point.<sup id="cite_ref-Beheshti_2006_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beheshti_2006-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Long-lived queens of the <a href="/wiki/Termite" title="Termite">termite</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Reticulitermes" title="Reticulitermes">Reticulitermes</a> speratus</i> have significantly lower <a href="/wiki/DNA_oxidation" title="DNA oxidation">oxidative damage to their DNA</a> than non-reproductive individuals (workers and soldiers).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid28076409_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid28076409-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Queens have more than two times higher catalase activity and seven times higher expression levels of the catalase gene RsCAT1 than workers.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid28076409_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid28076409-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It appears that the efficient <a href="/wiki/Antioxidant" title="Antioxidant">antioxidant</a> capability of termite queens can partly explain how they attain longer life. </p><p>Catalase enzymes from various species have vastly differing optimum temperatures. <a href="/wiki/Poikilotherm" title="Poikilotherm">Poikilothermic</a> animals typically have catalases with optimum temperatures in the range of 15-25 °C, while mammalian or avian catalases might have optimum temperatures above 35 °C,<sup id="cite_ref-mits56_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mits56-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-imm03_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imm03-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and catalases from plants vary depending on their <a href="/wiki/Growth_habit" class="mw-redirect" title="Growth habit">growth habit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mits56_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mits56-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, catalase isolated from the <a href="/wiki/Hyperthermophile" title="Hyperthermophile">hyperthermophile</a> <a href="/wiki/Archaeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeon">archaeon</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Pyrobaculum_calidifontis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrobaculum calidifontis">Pyrobaculum calidifontis</a></i> has a temperature optimum of 90 °C.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12029047_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12029047-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance_and_application">Clinical significance and application</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalase&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Clinical significance and application"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wasserstoffperoxid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Wasserstoffperoxid.svg/220px-Wasserstoffperoxid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Wasserstoffperoxid.svg/330px-Wasserstoffperoxid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Wasserstoffperoxid.svg/440px-Wasserstoffperoxid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="94" data-file-height="53" /></a><figcaption>Hydrogen peroxide</figcaption></figure> <p>Catalase is used in the food industry for removing <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">hydrogen peroxide</a> from <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a> prior to <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheese</a> production.<sup id="cite_ref-urlCatalase_-_Worthington_Enzyme_Manual_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlCatalase_-_Worthington_Enzyme_Manual-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another use is in food wrappers, where it prevents food from <a href="/wiki/Oxidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidation">oxidizing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-urlRe:_how_is_catalase_used_in_industry?_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlRe:_how_is_catalase_used_in_industry?-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catalase is also used in the <a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">textile</a> industry, removing hydrogen peroxide from fabrics to make sure the material is peroxide-free.<sup id="cite_ref-urltextile_industry_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urltextile_industry-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A minor use is in <a href="/wiki/Contact_lens" title="Contact lens">contact lens</a> hygiene – a few lens-cleaning products <a href="/wiki/Disinfection" class="mw-redirect" title="Disinfection">disinfect</a> the lens using a hydrogen peroxide solution; a solution containing catalase is then used to decompose the hydrogen peroxide before the lens is used again.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bacterial_identification_(catalase_test)"><span id="Bacterial_identification_.28catalase_test.29"></span>Bacterial identification (catalase test)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalase&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bacterial identification (catalase test)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catalase_reaction.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Catalase_reaction.jpg/300px-Catalase_reaction.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Catalase_reaction.jpg/450px-Catalase_reaction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Catalase_reaction.jpg/600px-Catalase_reaction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption>Positive catalase reaction</figcaption></figure> <p>The catalase test is one of the three main tests used by microbiologists to identify species of bacteria. If the bacteria possess catalase (i.e., are catalase-positive), bubbles of oxygen are observed when a small amount of bacterial <a href="/wiki/Isolation_(microbiology)" title="Isolation (microbiology)">isolate</a> is added to hydrogen peroxide. The catalase test is done by placing a drop of hydrogen peroxide on a <a href="/wiki/Microscope_slide" title="Microscope slide">microscope slide</a>. An applicator stick is touched to the colony, and the tip is then smeared onto the hydrogen peroxide drop. </p> <ul><li>If the mixture produces bubbles or froth, the organism is said to be 'catalase-positive'. <a href="/wiki/Staphylococcus" title="Staphylococcus">Staphylococci</a><sup id="cite_ref-urlBSCI_424_Pathogenic_Microbiology_--_Bacterial_Pathogen_List_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlBSCI_424_Pathogenic_Microbiology_--_Bacterial_Pathogen_List-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Micrococcus" title="Micrococcus">Micrococci</a><sup id="cite_ref-urlBiochemical_Tests_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlBiochemical_Tests-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are catalase-positive. Other catalase-positive organisms include <i><a href="/wiki/Listeria" title="Listeria">Listeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corynebacterium_diphtheriae" title="Corynebacterium diphtheriae">Corynebacterium diphtheriae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burkholderia_cepacia" class="mw-redirect" title="Burkholderia cepacia">Burkholderia cepacia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nocardia" title="Nocardia">Nocardia</a></i>, the family <a href="/wiki/Enterobacteriaceae" title="Enterobacteriaceae">Enterobacteriaceae</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Citrobacter" title="Citrobacter">Citrobacter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">E. coli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enterobacter" title="Enterobacter">Enterobacter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klebsiella" title="Klebsiella">Klebsiella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shigella" title="Shigella">Shigella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yersinia" title="Yersinia">Yersinia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proteus_(bacterium)" title="Proteus (bacterium)">Proteus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salmonella" title="Salmonella">Salmonella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serratia" title="Serratia">Serratia</a></i>), <i><a href="/wiki/Pseudomonas" title="Pseudomonas">Pseudomonas</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aspergillus" title="Aspergillus">Aspergillus</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Cryptococcus_(fungus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptococcus (fungus)"><i>Cryptococcus</i></a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Rhodococcus_equi" title="Rhodococcus equi">Rhodococcus equi</a></i>.</li> <li>If not, the organism is 'catalase-negative'. <i><a href="/wiki/Streptococcus" title="Streptococcus">Streptococcus</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-urlStreptococcus_pneumoniae_and_Staphylococci_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlStreptococcus_pneumoniae_and_Staphylococci-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Enterococcus" title="Enterococcus">Enterococcus</a></i> spp. are catalase-negative.</li></ul> <p>While the catalase test alone cannot identify a particular organism, it can aid identification when combined with other tests such as antibiotic resistance. The presence of catalase in bacterial cells depends on both the growth condition and the medium used to grow the cells. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Capillary_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Capillary tube">Capillary tubes</a> may also be used. A small sample of bacteria is collected on the end of the capillary tube, without blocking the tube, to avoid <a href="/wiki/False_negative" class="mw-redirect" title="False negative">false negative</a> results. The opposite end is then dipped into hydrogen peroxide, which is drawn into the tube through <a href="/wiki/Capillary_action" title="Capillary action">capillary action</a>, and turned upside down, so that the bacterial sample points downwards. The hand holding the tube is then tapped on the bench, moving the hydrogen peroxide down until it touches the bacteria. If bubbles form on contact, this indicates a positive catalase result. This test can detect catalase-positive bacteria at concentrations above about 10<sup>5</sup> cells/mL,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is simple to use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bacterial_virulence">Bacterial virulence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalase&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bacterial virulence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Neutrophil" title="Neutrophil">Neutrophils</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Phagocyte" title="Phagocyte">phagocytes</a> use peroxide to kill bacteria. The enzyme <a href="/wiki/NADPH_oxidase" title="NADPH oxidase">NADPH oxidase</a> generates <a href="/wiki/Superoxide" title="Superoxide">superoxide</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Phagosome" title="Phagosome">phagosome</a>, which is converted via hydrogen peroxide to other oxidising substances like <a href="/wiki/Hypochlorous_acid" title="Hypochlorous acid">hypochlorous acid</a> which kill <a href="/wiki/Phagocytosed" class="mw-redirect" title="Phagocytosed">phagocytosed</a> pathogens.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In individuals with <a href="/wiki/Chronic_granulomatous_disease" title="Chronic granulomatous disease">chronic granulomatous disease</a> (CGD), phagocytic peroxide production is impaired due to a defective NADPH oxidase system. Normal cellular metabolism will still produce a small amount of peroxide and this peroxide can be used to produce hypochlorous acid to eradicate the bacterial infection. However, if individuals with CGD are infected with catalase-positive bacteria, the bacterial catalase can destroy the excess peroxide before it can be used to produce other oxidising substances. In these individuals the pathogen survives and becomes a chronic infection. This chronic infection is typically surrounded by macrophages in an attempt to isolate the infection. This wall of macrophages surrounding a pathogen is called a <a href="/wiki/Granuloma" title="Granuloma">granuloma</a>. Many bacteria are catalase positive, but some are better catalase-producers than others. Some catalase-positive bacteria and fungi include: <i><a href="/wiki/Nocardia" title="Nocardia">Nocardia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pseudomonas" title="Pseudomonas">Pseudomonas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Listeria" title="Listeria">Listeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aspergillus" title="Aspergillus">Aspergillus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Candida_albicans" title="Candida albicans">Candida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">E. coli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Staphylococcus" title="Staphylococcus">Staphylococcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serratia" title="Serratia">Serratia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burkholderia_cepacia_complex" title="Burkholderia cepacia complex">B. cepacia</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Helicobacter_pylori" title="Helicobacter pylori">H. pylori</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acatalasia">Acatalasia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalase&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Acatalasia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Acatalasia" title="Acatalasia">Acatalasia</a> is a condition caused by homozygous mutations in CAT, resulting in a lack of catalase. Symptoms are mild and include oral ulcers. A heterozygous CAT mutation results in lower, but still present catalase.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gray_hair">Gray hair</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalase&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gray hair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Low levels of catalase may play a role in the <a href="/wiki/Human_hair_color#Gray_and_white_hair" title="Human hair color">graying</a> process of human hair. Hydrogen peroxide is naturally produced by the body and broken down by catalase. Hydrogen peroxide can accumulate in hair follicles and if catalase levels decline, this buildup can cause oxidative stress and graying.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These low levels of catalase are associated with old age. Hydrogen peroxide interferes with the production of <a href="/wiki/Melanin" title="Melanin">melanin</a>, the pigment that gives hair its color.<sup id="cite_ref-ScienceDaily_Grey_Hair_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScienceDaily_Grey_Hair-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid19237503_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19237503-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interactions">Interactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalase&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Interactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Catalase has been shown to <a href="/wiki/Protein%E2%80%93protein_interaction" title="Protein–protein interaction">interact</a> with the <i><a href="/wiki/ABL2" title="ABL2">ABL2</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-pmid12777400_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12777400-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Abl_gene" class="mw-redirect" title="Abl gene">Abl</a></i> genes.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12777400_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12777400-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Infection with the <a href="/wiki/Murine_leukemia_virus" title="Murine leukemia virus">murine leukemia virus</a> causes catalase activity to decline in the lungs, heart and kidneys of mice. Conversely, dietary fish oil increased catalase activity in the heart, and kidneys of mice.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methods_for_determining_catalase_activity">Methods for determining catalase activity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalase&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Methods for determining catalase activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1870, Schoenn discovered a formation of yellow color from the interaction of hydrogen peroxide with molybdate;<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then, from the middle of the 20th century, this reaction began to be used for colorimetric determination of unreacted hydrogen peroxide in the catalase activity assay.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reaction became widely used after publications by Korolyuk et al. (1988)<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Goth (1991).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid2029780_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2029780-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first paper describes serum catalase assay with no buffer in the reaction medium; the latter describes the procedure based on phosphate buffer as a reaction medium. Since phosphate ion reacts with ammonium molybdate,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid2029780_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2029780-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the use of MOPS buffer as a reaction medium is more appropriate.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Direct UV measurement of the decrease in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is also widely used after the publications by Beers & Sizer<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Aebi.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalase&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_kinetics" title="Enzyme kinetics">Enzyme kinetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glutathione_peroxidase" title="Glutathione peroxidase">Glutathione peroxidase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroxidase" title="Peroxidase">Peroxidase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superoxide_dismutase" title="Superoxide dismutase">Superoxide dismutase</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalase&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li 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href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSMUSG00000027187">GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027187</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=A+colorimetric+determination+of+hydrogen+peroxide&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1662-1663&rft.date=1922&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja01429a006&rft.aulast=Isaacs&rft.aufirst=ML&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.acs.org%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.1021%2Fja01429a006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatalase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeizerWidelock1955" class="citation journal cs1">Peizer LR, Widelock D (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1164/artpd.1955.71.2.305">"A colorimetric test for measuring catalase activity of cultures of M. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Review+of+Tuberculosis+and+Pulmonary+Diseases&rft.atitle=A+colorimetric+test+for+measuring+catalase+activity+of+cultures+of+M.+tuberculosis&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=305-313&rft.date=1955&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1164%2Fartpd.1955.71.2.305&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14350192&rft.aulast=Peizer&rft.aufirst=LR&rft.au=Widelock%2C+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atsjournals.org%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1164%2Fartpd.1955.71.2.305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatalase" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Laboratornoe+Delo&rft.atitle=%5BA+method+of+determining+catalase+activity%5D&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=16-19&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2451064&rft.aulast=Koroliuk&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.au=Ivanova%2C+LI&rft.au=Ma%C4%ADorova%2C+IG&rft.au=Tokarev%2C+VE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F2451064%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatalase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid2029780-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid2029780_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid2029780_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGóth1991" class="citation journal cs1">Góth L (February 1991). 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinica+Chimica+Acta%3B+International+Journal+of+Clinical+Chemistry&rft.atitle=A+simple+method+for+determination+of+serum+catalase+activity+and+revision+of+reference+range&rft.volume=196&rft.issue=2%E2%80%933&rft.pages=143-151&rft.date=1991-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0009-8981%2891%2990067-m&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2029780&rft.aulast=G%C3%B3th&rft.aufirst=L&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatalase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRazygraev2023" class="citation journal cs1">Razygraev AV (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5339.2.3">"Catalase enzymatic activity in adult mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae): taxonomic distribution of the continuous trait suggests its relevance for phylogeny research"</a>. <i>Zootaxa</i>. <b>5339</b> (2): 159–176. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fzootaxa.5339.2.3">10.11646/zootaxa.5339.2.3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38221060">38221060</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:261383164">261383164</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zootaxa&rft.atitle=Catalase+enzymatic+activity+in+adult+mosquitoes+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29%3A+taxonomic+distribution+of+the+continuous+trait+suggests+its+relevance+for+phylogeny+research&rft.volume=5339&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=159-176&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A261383164%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F38221060&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11646%2Fzootaxa.5339.2.3&rft.aulast=Razygraev&rft.aufirst=AV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mapress.com%2Fzt%2Farticle%2Fview%2Fzootaxa.5339.2.3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatalase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeersSizer1952" class="citation journal cs1">Beers RF, Sizer IW (March 1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2819%2950881-X">"A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>195</b> (1): 133–140. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2819%2950881-X">10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50881-X</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14938361">14938361</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=A+spectrophotometric+method+for+measuring+the+breakdown+of+hydrogen+peroxide+by+catalase&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=133-140&rft.date=1952-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2819%2950881-X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14938361&rft.aulast=Beers&rft.aufirst=RF&rft.au=Sizer%2C+IW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252FS0021-9258%252819%252950881-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatalase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAebi1984" class="citation book cs1">Aebi H (January 1984). "Catalase in vitro". <i>Oxygen Radicals in Biological Systems</i>. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 105. Academic Press. pp. 121–126. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0076-6879%2884%2905016-3">10.1016/s0076-6879(84)05016-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780121820053" title="Special:BookSources/9780121820053"><bdi>9780121820053</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6727660">6727660</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Catalase+in+vitro&rft.btitle=Oxygen+Radicals+in+Biological+Systems&rft.series=Methods+in+Enzymology&rft.pages=121-126&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1984-01&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6727660&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0076-6879%2884%2905016-3&rft.isbn=9780121820053&rft.aulast=Aebi&rft.aufirst=H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatalase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalase&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genomics.senescence.info/genes/entry.php?hugo=CAT">"GenAge entry for CAT (Homo sapiens)"</a>. Human Ageing Genomic Resources<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GenAge+entry+for+CAT+%28Homo+sapiens%29&rft.pub=Human+Ageing+Genomic+Resources&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenomics.senescence.info%2Fgenes%2Fentry.php%3Fhugo%3DCAT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatalase" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090309011654/http://www.madsci.org/FAQs/catalase.html">"Catalase"</a>. <i>MadSci FAQ</i>. madsci.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://madsci.org/FAQs/catalase.html">the original</a> on 2009-03-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MadSci+FAQ&rft.atitle=Catalase&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmadsci.org%2FFAQs%2Fcatalase.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatalase" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tgw1916.net/video_pages/catalase.html">"Catalase and oxidase test video"</a>. Regnvm Prokaryotae<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catalase+and+oxidase+test+video&rft.pub=Regnvm+Prokaryotae&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tgw1916.net%2Fvideo_pages%2Fcatalase.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatalase" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=1.11.1.6">"EC 1.11.1.6 - catalase"</a>. Brenda: The Comprehensive Enzyme Information System<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EC+1.11.1.6+-+catalase&rft.pub=Brenda%3A+The+Comprehensive+Enzyme+Information+System&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brenda-enzymes.info%2Fphp%2Fresult_flat.php4%3Fecno%3D1.11.1.6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatalase" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081013084336/http://peroxibase.isb-sib.ch/">"PeroxiBase - The peroxidase database"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Institute_of_Bioinformatics" title="Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics">Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://peroxibase.isb-sib.ch/">the original</a> on 2008-10-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PeroxiBase+-+The+peroxidase+database&rft.pub=Swiss+Institute+of+Bioinformatics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperoxibase.isb-sib.ch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatalase" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://microbeid.com/Methods/catalase.html">"Catalase Procedure"</a>. MicrobeID.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catalase+Procedure&rft.pub=MicrobeID.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmicrobeid.com%2FMethods%2Fcatalase.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatalase" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130511202517/http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/101/motm.do?momID=57.html">"Catalase Molecule of the Month"</a>. Protein Data Bank. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/101/motm.do?momID=57.html">the original</a> on 2013-05-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-01-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catalase+Molecule+of+the+Month&rft.pub=Protein+Data+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcsb.org%2Fpdb%2F101%2Fmotm.do%3FmomID%3D57.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatalase" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Overview of all the structural information available in the <a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a> for <a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/pdbe-kb/proteins/P04040">P04040</a></i> (Catalase) at the <a href="/wiki/PDBe-KB" title="PDBe-KB">PDBe-KB</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Peroxisomal_proteins" title="Template:Peroxisomal proteins"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Peroxisomal_proteins" title="Template talk:Peroxisomal proteins"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Peroxisomal_proteins" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Peroxisomal proteins"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Peroxisomal_and_lysosomal_proteins" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Peroxisome" title="Peroxisome">Peroxisomal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lysosome" title="Lysosome">lysosomal</a> proteins</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enzymes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mevalonate_kinase" title="Mevalonate kinase">Mevalonate kinase</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catalase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acetyl-CoA_C-acyltransferase" class="mw-redirect" title="Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase">Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyceronephosphate_O-acyltransferase" title="Glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase">Glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkylglycerone_phosphate_synthase" title="Alkylglycerone phosphate synthase">Alkylglycerone phosphate synthase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytanoyl-CoA_dioxygenase" title="Phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase">Phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSD17B4" title="HSD17B4">HSD17B4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-methylacyl-CoA_racemase" title="Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase">AMACR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transporters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC27A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC27A2">SLC27A2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure/<a href="/wiki/Peroxin" title="Peroxin">Peroxin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PEX1" title="PEX1">PEX1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PXMP3" class="mw-redirect" title="PXMP3">PXMP3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEX3" title="PEX3">PEX3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEX5" title="PEX5">PEX5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEX6" title="PEX6">PEX6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroxin-7" title="Peroxin-7">PEX7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEX10" title="PEX10">PEX10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEX11A" title="PEX11A">PEX11A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEX11B" title="PEX11B">PEX11B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEX11G" title="PEX11G">PEX11G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEX12" title="PEX12">PEX12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEX13" title="PEX13">PEX13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEX14" title="PEX14">PEX14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEX16" title="PEX16">PEX16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEX19" title="PEX19">PEX19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEX26" title="PEX26">PEX26</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lysosome-associated_membrane_glycoprotein" title="Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein">LAMP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD68" title="CD68">CD68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAMP1" title="LAMP1">LAMP1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAMP2" title="LAMP2">LAMP2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAMP3" title="LAMP3">LAMP3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0;"><div><i>see also <a href="/wiki/Template:Peroxisomal_metabolism_intermediates" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Peroxisomal metabolism intermediates">intermediates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Template:Peroxisomal_disorders" title="Template:Peroxisomal disorders">disorders</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oxidoreductases:_peroxidases_(EC_1.11)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Peroxidases" title="Template:Peroxidases"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Peroxidases" title="Template talk:Peroxidases"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Peroxidases" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Peroxidases"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oxidoreductases:_peroxidases_(EC_1.11)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Oxidoreductase" title="Oxidoreductase">Oxidoreductases</a>: <a href="/wiki/Peroxidase" title="Peroxidase">peroxidases</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC</a> 1.11)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.11_Acting_on_a_peroxide_as_acceptor" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.11.1.1-14</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NADH_peroxidase" title="NADH peroxidase">NADH peroxidase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NADPH_peroxidase" title="NADPH peroxidase">NADPH peroxidase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatty-acid_peroxidase" title="Fatty-acid peroxidase">Fatty-acid peroxidase</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catalase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_c_peroxidase" title="Cytochrome c peroxidase">Cytochrome c peroxidase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eosinophil_peroxidase" title="Eosinophil peroxidase">Eosinophil peroxidase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glutathione_peroxidase" title="Glutathione peroxidase">Glutathione peroxidase</a> <ul><li><i>GPX</i> <a href="/wiki/GPX1" class="mw-redirect" title="GPX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPX2_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="GPX2 (gene)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPX3" class="mw-redirect" title="GPX3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPX4" class="mw-redirect" title="GPX4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPX5" class="mw-redirect" title="GPX5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPX6" class="mw-redirect" title="GPX6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPX7" class="mw-redirect" title="GPX7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPX8" class="mw-redirect" title="GPX8">8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseradish_peroxidase" title="Horseradish peroxidase">Horseradish peroxidase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactoperoxidase" title="Lactoperoxidase">Lactoperoxidase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myeloperoxidase" title="Myeloperoxidase">Myeloperoxidase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_peroxidase" title="Thyroid peroxidase">Thyroid peroxidase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deiodinase" title="Deiodinase">Deiodinase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iodothyronine_deiodinase" title="Iodothyronine deiodinase">Iodothyronine deiodinase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodotyrosine_deiodinase" title="Iodotyrosine deiodinase">Iodotyrosine deiodinase</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.11_Acting_on_a_peroxide_as_acceptor" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.11.1.15</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peroxiredoxin" title="Peroxiredoxin">peroxiredoxin</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peroxiredoxin_1" title="Peroxiredoxin 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroxiredoxin_2" title="Peroxiredoxin 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRDX3" title="PRDX3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRDX4" title="PRDX4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRDX5" title="PRDX5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRDX6" title="PRDX6">6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Enzymes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Enzymes" title="Template:Enzymes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Enzymes" title="Template talk:Enzymes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Enzymes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Enzymes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Enzymes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzymes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_site" title="Active site">Active site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binding_site" title="Binding site">Binding site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalytic_triad" title="Catalytic triad">Catalytic triad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyanion_hole" title="Oxyanion hole">Oxyanion hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_promiscuity" title="Enzyme promiscuity">Enzyme promiscuity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffusion-limited_enzyme" title="Diffusion-limited enzyme">Diffusion-limited enzyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cofactor_(biochemistry)" title="Cofactor (biochemistry)">Cofactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_catalysis" title="Enzyme catalysis">Enzyme catalysis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allosteric_regulation" title="Allosteric regulation">Allosteric regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperativity" title="Cooperativity">Cooperativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">Enzyme inhibitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_activator" title="Enzyme activator">Enzyme activator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_superfamily" title="Protein superfamily">Enzyme superfamily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_family" title="Protein family">Enzyme family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_enzymes" title="List of enzymes">List of enzymes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kinetics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_kinetics" title="Enzyme kinetics">Enzyme kinetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadie%E2%80%93Hofstee_diagram" title="Eadie–Hofstee diagram">Eadie–Hofstee diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanes%E2%80%93Woolf_plot" title="Hanes–Woolf plot">Hanes–Woolf plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineweaver%E2%80%93Burk_plot" title="Lineweaver–Burk plot">Lineweaver–Burk plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michaelis%E2%80%93Menten_kinetics" title="Michaelis–Menten kinetics">Michaelis–Menten kinetics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>EC1 <a href="/wiki/Oxidoreductase" title="Oxidoreductase">Oxidoreductases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC2 <a href="/wiki/Transferase" title="Transferase">Transferases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_2)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 2)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC3 <a href="/wiki/Hydrolase" title="Hydrolase">Hydrolases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 3)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC4 <a href="/wiki/Lyase" title="Lyase">Lyases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_4)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 4)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC5 <a href="/wiki/Isomerase" title="Isomerase">Isomerases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_5)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 5)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC6 <a href="/wiki/Ligase" title="Ligase">Ligases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_6)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 6)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC7 <a href="/wiki/Translocase" title="Translocase">Translocases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_7)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 7)">list</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Techniques_in_clinical_microbiology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Clinical_microbiology_techniques" title="Template:Clinical microbiology techniques"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Clinical_microbiology_techniques" title="Template talk:Clinical microbiology techniques"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Clinical_microbiology_techniques" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Clinical microbiology techniques"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Techniques_in_clinical_microbiology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Techniques in <a href="/wiki/Clinical_microbiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinical microbiology">clinical microbiology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Isolation_(microbiology)" title="Isolation (microbiology)">Isolation</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Culture_(microbiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture (microbiology)">culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Isolation techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asepsis" title="Asepsis">Asepsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaking_(microbiology)" title="Streaking (microbiology)">Streak plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective media">Selective media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultures by body site</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_culture" title="Blood culture">Blood culture</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genital_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genital culture (page does not exist)">Genital culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputum_culture" title="Sputum culture">Sputum culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throat_culture" title="Throat culture">Throat culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urine_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Urine culture">Urine culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wound_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Wound culture">Wound culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultures by organism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bacterial_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacterial culture">Bacterial culture</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fungal_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fungal culture (page does not exist)">Fungal culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viral_culture" title="Viral culture">Viral culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microbiological_identification" class="mw-redirect" title="Microbiological identification">Identification</a><br />and testing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manual testing: basic techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_morphology" title="Colonial morphology">Colonial morphology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemolysis_(microbiology)" title="Hemolysis (microbiology)">Hemolysis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staining_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Staining (biology)">Staining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gram_stain" title="Gram stain">Gram stain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acid-fast_stain" class="mw-redirect" title="Acid-fast stain">Acid-fast stain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giemsa_stain" title="Giemsa stain">Giemsa stain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_ink_stain" class="mw-redirect" title="India ink stain">India ink stain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziehl%E2%80%93Neelsen_stain" title="Ziehl–Neelsen stain">Ziehl–Neelsen stain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_prep" class="mw-redirect" title="Wet prep">Wet prep</a></li> <li>Rapid tests <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxidase_test" title="Oxidase test">Oxidase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalase_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalase test">Catalase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indole_test" title="Indole test">Indole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PYR_test" class="mw-redirect" title="PYR test">PYR</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manual testing:<br />biochemical and immunologic tests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diagnostic_microbiology#ALA" title="Diagnostic microbiology">ALA test</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amino_acid_decarboxylase_test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amino acid decarboxylase test (page does not exist)">Amino acid decarboxylase test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bile_solubility_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Bile solubility test">Bile solubility test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAMP_test" title="CAMP test">CAMP test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrate_test" title="Citrate test">Citrate test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coagulase_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Coagulase test">Coagulase test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagnostic_microbiology#DNA_hydrolysis" title="Diagnostic microbiology">DNAse test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMViC" title="IMViC">IMViC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOH_test" title="KOH test">KOH test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_red_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Methyl red test">Methyl red test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagnostic_microbiology#Nitrite_test" title="Diagnostic microbiology">Nitrite test</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONPG_test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONPG test (page does not exist)">ONPG test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxidative/fermentation_glucose_test" title="Oxidative/fermentation glucose test">Oxidative/fermentation glucose test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylalanine_deaminase_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenylalanine deaminase test">Phenylalanine deaminase test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagnostic_microbiology#Reverse_CAMP_test" title="Diagnostic microbiology">Reverse CAMP test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagnostic_microbiology#6.5%_salt_broth" title="Diagnostic microbiology">Salt tolerance test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfide_indole_motility_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfide indole motility test">Sulfide indole motility test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_sugar_iron_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Triple sugar iron test">Triple sugar iron test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urease#As_diagnostic_test" title="Urease">Urease test</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_urease_test" title="Rapid urease test">rapid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voges%E2%80%93Proskauer_test" title="Voges–Proskauer test">Voges–Proskauer test</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=X_and_V_factor_test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X and V factor test (page does not exist)">X and V factor test</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bacitracin_susceptibility_test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bacitracin susceptibility test (page does not exist)">Bacitracin susceptibility test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optochin_susceptibility_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Optochin susceptibility test">Optochin susceptibility test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novobiocin_susceptibility_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Novobiocin susceptibility test">Novobiocin susceptibility test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancefield_grouping" title="Lancefield grouping">Lancefield grouping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPR_test" class="mw-redirect" title="RPR test">RPR test</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Automated and <a href="/wiki/Point-of-care_testing" title="Point-of-care testing">point-of-care testing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analytical_profile_index" title="Analytical profile index">Analytical profile index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MALDI-TOF" class="mw-redirect" title="MALDI-TOF">MALDI-TOF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction#Infectious_disease_applications" title="Polymerase chain reaction">Polymerase chain reaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VITEK" title="VITEK">VITEK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_strep_test" title="Rapid strep test">Rapid strep test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monospot_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Monospot test">Monospot test</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antibiotic_sensitivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiotic sensitivity">Antibiotic susceptibility testing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beta-lactamase_test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beta-lactamase test (page does not exist)">Beta-lactamase test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_diffusion_test" title="Disk diffusion test">Disk diffusion test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etest" title="Etest">Etest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McFarland_standards" title="McFarland standards">McFarland standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_inhibitory_concentration" title="Minimum inhibitory concentration">Minimum inhibitory concentration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agar_plate" title="Agar plate">Agar plate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Growth_medium" title="Growth medium">Growth medium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McIntosh_and_Filde%27s_anaerobic_jar" class="mw-redirect" title="McIntosh and Filde's anaerobic jar">Anaerobic jar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas-pak" title="Gas-pak">Gas-pak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_tube" title="Durham tube">Durham tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosafety_cabinet" title="Biosafety cabinet">Biosafety cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incubator_(culture)" title="Incubator (culture)">Incubator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inoculation_loop" title="Inoculation loop">Inoculation loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inoculation_needle" title="Inoculation needle">Inoculation needle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output 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