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<span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referenties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Willem_III_%281817-90%29%2C_koning_der_Nederlanden%2C_Nicolaas_Pieneman%2C_1856_-_Rijksmuseum.jpg/260px-Willem_III_%281817-90%29%2C_koning_der_Nederlanden%2C_Nicolaas_Pieneman%2C_1856_-_Rijksmuseum.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="384" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Willem_III_%281817-90%29%2C_koning_der_Nederlanden%2C_Nicolaas_Pieneman%2C_1856_-_Rijksmuseum.jpg/390px-Willem_III_%281817-90%29%2C_koning_der_Nederlanden%2C_Nicolaas_Pieneman%2C_1856_-_Rijksmuseum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Willem_III_%281817-90%29%2C_koning_der_Nederlanden%2C_Nicolaas_Pieneman%2C_1856_-_Rijksmuseum.jpg/520px-Willem_III_%281817-90%29%2C_koning_der_Nederlanden%2C_Nicolaas_Pieneman%2C_1856_-_Rijksmuseum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4768" data-file-height="7043" /></a><figcaption>Groothertog <a href="/wiki/Willem_III_der_Nederlanden" title="Willem III der Nederlanden">Willem III</a> van Luxemburg</figcaption></figure> <p>De <b>Luxemburgse staatsgreep</b>, ook bekend als de <b>Putsch van 1856</b>, was een reactionaire revisie van de <a href="/wiki/Grondwet_van_Luxemburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Grondwet van Luxemburg">grondwet van Luxemburg</a> in 1856 door <a href="/wiki/Willem_III_der_Nederlanden" title="Willem III der Nederlanden">Willem III der Nederlanden</a>. De grondwetswijziging werd door zijn tegenstanders gezien als een <a href="/wiki/Staatsgreep" title="Staatsgreep">staatsgreep</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ook historicus Dik van der Meulen betitelt de ingreep van Willem III in Luxemburg als een staatsgreep.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Achtergrond">Achtergrond</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxemburgse_staatsgreep&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Achtergrond" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxemburgse_staatsgreep&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Achtergrond"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na de <a href="/wiki/Belgische_Revolutie" title="Belgische Revolutie">Belgische Revolutie</a> en de afscheiding van <a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB" title="België">België</a> van het <a href="/wiki/Verenigd_Koninkrijk_der_Nederlanden" title="Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden">Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden</a> werd het <a href="/wiki/Groothertogdom_Luxemburg_(1815-1890)" title="Groothertogdom Luxemburg (1815-1890)">groothertogdom Luxemburg</a> gehalveerd, maar het groothertogdom bleef onderdeel van de <a href="/wiki/Duitse_Bond" title="Duitse Bond">Duitse Bond</a>. Tijdens het revolutiejaar 1848 werd er een modern parlementair stelsel in Luxemburg ingevoerd onder leiding van <a href="/wiki/Willem_II_der_Nederlanden" title="Willem II der Nederlanden">Willem II</a>, maar de hervormingen van Willem II vielen niet in goede aarde bij zijn zoon Willem III die hem in 1849 opvolgde als koning van Nederland en groothertog van Luxemburg. Hij stelde in 1850 zijn broer <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_der_Nederlanden" class="mw-redirect" title="Hendrik der Nederlanden">Hendrik der Nederlanden</a> aan als stadhouder met de opdracht om verdere aftakeling van het groothertogelijk gezag te voorkomen. Willem III kwam dan ook in conflict met zijn Luxemburgse ministers en dit leidde er toe dat in 1853 het kabinet onder leiding van <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Willmar" title="Jean-Jacques Willmar">Jean-Jacques Willmar</a> werd ontbonden.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grondwetsherziening">Grondwetsherziening</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxemburgse_staatsgreep&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Grondwetsherziening" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxemburgse_staatsgreep&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Grondwetsherziening"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Op 7 oktober 1856 sprak prins Hendrik der Nederlanden, de troonrede uit en daarin werd gesproken over het herzien van de staatkundige instellingen. Er werd aangegeven dat door de veranderende machtsverhoudingen binnen de <a href="/wiki/Duitse_Bond" title="Duitse Bond">Duitse Bond</a> de constitutie van 1848 aangepast moest worden. De liberalen in de <a href="/wiki/Kamer_van_Afgevaardigden_(Luxemburg)" title="Kamer van Afgevaardigden (Luxemburg)">Kamer van Afgevaardigden</a> reageerden furieus en stemden met 31 stemmen tegen een voorstel voor een compromis. In november verlieten zij ook de Kamer in de hoop op nieuwe verkiezingen, maar deze kwamen niet. Op 27 november 1856 ondertekende Willem III de nieuwe grondwet van Luxemburg.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In de nieuwe constitutie werd de Luxemburgse pers aan banden gelegd. Ook de kieswet werd veranderd waarbij de <a href="/wiki/Censuskiesrecht" title="Censuskiesrecht">census</a> behoorlijk omhoog ging.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daarnaast werd de <a href="/wiki/Raad_van_State_(Luxemburg)" title="Raad van State (Luxemburg)">Raad van State</a> gevormd en werd de Kamer van Afgevaardigden gereduceerd tot een statenvergadering.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nasleep">Nasleep</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxemburgse_staatsgreep&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nasleep" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxemburgse_staatsgreep&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nasleep"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de tien jaar die volgden op deze staatsgreep werd Luxemburg min of meer op absolutistische wijze geregeerd door Willem III. De situatie van het groothertogdom veranderde met de <a href="/wiki/Luxemburgse_kwestie" title="Luxemburgse kwestie">Luxemburgse kwestie</a> van 1867. In het <a href="/wiki/Congres_van_Londen_(1867)" title="Congres van Londen (1867)">Congres van Londen</a> werd besloten dat Luxemburg onafhankelijk bleef, maar vanwege het feit dat Willem III Luxemburg aan Frankrijk had willen verkopen moest hij een nieuwe grondwet in Luxemburg toestaan die de meeste wijziging van 1856 ongedaan maakte.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenties">Referenties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxemburgse_staatsgreep&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Referenties" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxemburgse_staatsgreep&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Referenties"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://today.rtl.lu/culture/exhibitions/a/1473421.html">Luxembourg's history: A Coup d'Etat in Luxembourg: the Putsch of 1856</a>. <i>today.rtl.lu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210123181144/https://today.rtl.lu/culture/exhibitions/a/1473421.html">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2021-01-23">23 januari 2021</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2020-11-27">27 november 2020</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Dik van der Meulen</span>, <i>Koning Willem III, 1817-1890</i> (Amsterdam 2013), 250.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Dik van der Meulen</span>, <i>Koning Willem III</i>, 333.</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luxemburgse_staatsgreep&oldid=67554040">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luxemburgse_staatsgreep&oldid=67554040</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Geschiedenis_van_Luxemburg" title="Categorie:Geschiedenis van Luxemburg">Geschiedenis van Luxemburg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Politiek_in_1856" title="Categorie:Politiek in 1856">Politiek in 1856</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Staatsgreep" title="Categorie:Staatsgreep">Staatsgreep</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 20 mei 2024 om 10:43.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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