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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Biologi+sel" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Lihat juga</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Buku_teks_biologi_sel_dalam_talian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buku_teks_biologi_sel_dalam_talian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Buku teks biologi sel dalam talian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buku_teks_biologi_sel_dalam_talian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Biologi sel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 83 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="علم الخلية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم الخلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolox%C3%ADa_celular" title="Bioloxía celular – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bioloxía celular" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitologiya" title="Sitologiya – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sitologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_sel" title="Biologi sel – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Biologi sel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE" title="কোষবিদ্যা – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোষবিদ্যা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8-pau_seng-bu%CC%8Dt-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Sè-pau seng-bu̍t-ha̍k – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sè-pau seng-bu̍t-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citologija" title="Citologija – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Citologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Клетъчна биология – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Клетъчна биология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia_cel%C2%B7lular" title="Biologia cel·lular – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Biologia cel·lular" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bun%C4%9B%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_biologie" title="Buněčná biologie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Buněčná biologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioleg_cell" title="Bioleg cell – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bioleg cell" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zellbiologie" title="Zellbiologie – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zellbiologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakubioloogia" title="Rakubioloogia – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rakubioloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CF%84%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Κυτταρική βιολογία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κυτταρική βιολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_biology" title="Cell biology – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cell biology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolog%C3%ADa_celular" title="Biología celular – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biología celular" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88elbiologio" title="Ĉelbiologio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉelbiologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia_zelular" title="Biologia zelular – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Biologia zelular" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="سلول‌شناسی – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سلول‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie_cellulaire" title="Biologie cellulaire – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Biologie cellulaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selbiology" title="Selbiology – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Selbiology" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitheola%C3%ADocht_na_gceall" title="Bitheolaíocht na gceall – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bitheolaíocht na gceall" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolox%C3%ADa_celular" title="Bioloxía celular – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bioloxía celular" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se-p%C3%A2u_s%C3%A2ng-vu%CC%8Dt-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Se-pâu sâng-vu̍t-ho̍k – Cina Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Se-pâu sâng-vu̍t-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Cina Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="세포생물학 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세포생물학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कोशिका विज्ञान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोशिका विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stani%C4%8Dna_biologija" title="Stanična biologija – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stanična biologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celulala_biologio" title="Celulala biologio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Celulala biologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia_cellular" title="Biologia cellular – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Biologia cellular" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frumul%C3%ADffr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Frumulíffræði – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frumulíffræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia_cellulare" title="Biologia cellulare – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Biologia cellulare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%90" title="ביולוגיה של התא – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביולוגיה של התא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitologi" title="Sitologi – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sitologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ციტოლოგია – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ციტოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Цитология – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Цитология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytologia" title="Cytologia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cytologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citolo%C4%A3ija" title="Citoloģija – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Citoloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zytologie" title="Zytologie – Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zytologie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolojia_selulal" title="Biolojia selulal – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Biolojia selulal" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejtbiol%C3%B3gia" title="Sejtbiológia – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sejtbiológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Цитологија – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Цитологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="കോശജീവശാസ്ത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോശജീവശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ციტოლოგია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ციტოლოგია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Цитологи – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цитологи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celbiologie" title="Celbiologie – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Celbiologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="कोष जीवशास्त्र – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कोष जीवशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="細胞生物学 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="細胞生物学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytologi" title="Cytologi – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cytologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selulal_biologia" title="Selulal biologia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Selulal biologia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia_cellulara" title="Biologia cellulara – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Biologia cellulara" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitologiya" title="Sitologiya – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sitologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕੋਸ਼ਾਣੂ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੋਸ਼ਾਣੂ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="خلیائی حیاتیات – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خلیائی حیاتیات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%DB%90_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%D9%8A" title="د حجرې بيولوژي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د حجرې بيولوژي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia_kom%C3%B3rki" title="Biologia komórki – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biologia komórki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologia_celular" title="Biologia celular – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Biologia celular" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citologiya" title="Citologiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Citologiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologie_celular%C4%83" title="Biologie celulară – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biologie celulară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Клеточная биология – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клеточная биология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Саанык биологията – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Саанык биологията" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_biology" title="Cell biology – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cell biology" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologjia_qelizore" title="Biologjia qelizore – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Biologjia qelizore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_biology" title="Cell biology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cell biology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytol%C3%B3gia" title="Cytológia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cytológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celi%C4%8Dna_biologija" title="Celična biologija – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Celična biologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="ژینناسیی خانەیی – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژینناسیی خانەیی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D1%9B%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Биологија ћелије – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Биологија ћелије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celularna_biologija" title="Celularna biologija – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Celularna biologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubiologia" title="Solubiologia – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Solubiologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellbiologi" title="Cellbiologi – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cellbiologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyolohiyang_pangselula" title="Biyolohiyang pangselula – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Biyolohiyang pangselula" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="உயிரணு உயிரியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிரணு உயிரியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%B7%D3%99%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%BA_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Күзәнәк фәне – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Күзәнәк фәне" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="ชีววิทยาของเซลล์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชีววิทยาของเซลล์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc_t%E1%BA%BF_b%C3%A0o" title="Sinh học tế bào – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sinh học tế bào" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ситология – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ситология" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitoloji" title="Sitoloji – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sitoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Клітинна біологія – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Клітинна біологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="خلیائی حیاتیات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خلیائی حیاتیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyolohiya_hin_selula" title="Biyolohiya hin selula – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Biyolohiya hin selula" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="细胞生物学 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="细胞生物学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="細胞生物學 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="細胞生物學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="细胞生物学 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="细胞生物学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sel&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sel&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Biologi_sel" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Biologi_sel" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sel&oldid=5939225" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sel&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Biologi_sel&id=5939225&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBiologi_sel"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBiologi_sel"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Biologi+sel"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Biologi_sel&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sel&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cell_biology" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7141" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:NIEHScell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/NIEHScell.jpg/320px-NIEHScell.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/NIEHScell.jpg/480px-NIEHScell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/NIEHScell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="435" /></a><figcaption>Memahami sel-sel dari segi komponen-komponen molekulnya.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Biologi sel</b> (atau <b>sitologi</b> yang berasal daripada <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Greek">bahasa Greek</a>, <i>kytos</i>, iaitu "bekas") ialah satu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_bidang_akademik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai bidang akademik (laman tidak wujud)">bidang akademik</a> yang mengkaji <a href="/wiki/Sel_(biologi)" title="Sel (biologi)">sel</a>. Kajian ini yang dilaksanakan pada tahap <a href="/wiki/Mikroskop" title="Mikroskop">mikroskop</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekul</a>, termasuk sifat <a href="/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi">fisiologi</a>, struktur, <a href="/wiki/Organel" title="Organel">organel</a> terkandung, interaksi dengan persekitaran, <a href="/wiki/Kitaran_sel" title="Kitaran sel">kitaran hidup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pembahagian_sel" title="Pembahagian sel">pembahagian</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apoptosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apoptosis (laman tidak wujud)">kematian</a>. Penyelidikan biologi sel merangkumi kedua-dua <a href="/wiki/Organisma_sel_tunggal" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisma sel tunggal">organisma sel tunggal</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Bakteria" title="Bakteria">bakteria</a>, dan sel-sel yang khusus dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisma_sel_berbilang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organisma sel berbilang (laman tidak wujud)">organisma sel berbilang</a>, seperti <a href="/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia">manusia</a>. </p><p>Memahami kandungan sel dan bagaimana sel bertindak adalah asas untuk semua <a href="/wiki/Sains" title="Sains">sains</a> <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologi</a>. Menyedari persamaan dan perbezaan antara jenis-jenis sel adalah amat penting disebabkan ini membekalkan tema penyatuan yang membenarkan prinsip-prinsip yang dibelajar daripada kajian sejenis sel untuk ditentuluarkan dan dibuat lebih umum untuk jenis-jenis sel yang lain. Penyelidikan biologi sel amat berkait dengan bidang <a href="/wiki/Genetik" title="Genetik">genetik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">biokimia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biologi_molekul" title="Biologi molekul">biologi molekul</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan">biologi perkembangan</a>. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sel&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sel&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangguan_sel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gangguan sel (laman tidak wujud)">Gangguan sel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_terbitan_biologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai terbitan biologi (laman tidak wujud)">Terbitan biologi sel yang penting</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_Biologi_Molekul_dan_Sel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut Biologi Molekul dan Sel (laman tidak wujud)">Institut Biologi Molekul dan Sel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persatuan_Biologi_Sel_Amerika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persatuan Biologi Sel Amerika (laman tidak wujud)">Persatuan Biologi Sel Amerika</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buku_teks_biologi_sel_dalam_talian">Buku teks biologi sel dalam talian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sel&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Buku teks biologi sel dalam talian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sel&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Buku teks biologi sel dalam talian"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&db=books&doptcmdl=GenBookHL&term=cell+biology+AND+mboc4%5Bbook%5D+AND+373693%5Buid%5D&rid=mboc4">Biologi Molekul untuk Sel</a></i>, edisi keempat yang disunting oleh Bruce Alberts (2002), dan diterbitkan oleh Sains Garland.</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&db=books&doptcmdl=GenBookHL&term=cell+biology+AND+mcb%5Bbook%5D+AND+105032%5Buid%5D&rid=mcb.chapter.145">Biologi Sel Molekul</a></i>, edisi keempat yang disunting oleh Harvey Lodish (2000), dan diterbitkan oleh Syarikat W. H. Freeman.</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&db=books&doptcmdl=GenBookHL&term=cell+biology+AND+cooper%5Bbook%5D+AND+165077%5Buid%5D&rid=cooper.chapter.89">Sel - Pendekatan Molekul</a></i>, edisi kedua oleh Geoffrey M. Cooper (2000) yang diterbitkan oleh Sinauer Associates.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/esgbio/www/cb/cbdir.html">Biologi Sel Hiperteks MIT</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sel&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sel&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikibuku mempunyai maklumat lanjut berkenaan topik: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Biologi_sel" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Biologi sel">Biologi sel</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ascb.org/">Persatuan Biologi Sel Amerika</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kcl.ac.uk/kis/schools/life_sciences/biomed/bscb/top.html">Persatuan Biologi Sel British</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071009153448/http://www.kcl.ac.uk/kis/schools/life_sciences/biomed/bscb/top.html">Diarkibkan</a> 2007-10-09 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2121/">Biologi Sel BMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017203414/http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2121/">Diarkibkan</a> 2015-10-17 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – jurnal percuma dalam talian</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcb.org/contents-by-date.0.shtml">Jurnal Biologi Sel</a> – terbitan lama boleh dicapai dengan percuma</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/contents-by-date.0.shtml">Jurnal Sains Sel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100416085626/https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/contents-by-date.0.shtml">Diarkibkan</a> 2010-04-16 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – terbitan lama boleh dicapai dengan percuma</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zytologie-online.net/">Biologi Sel – Sekolah dan Universiti – grafik</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bionews.in">Berita Biologi Sel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.immunoportal.com">Imunohistokimia – Pengacukan In Situ</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/nrm/index.html">Laman web untuk jurnal <i>Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biochemweb.org/">Perpustakaan Maya untuk Biokimia dan Sel Biologi</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/vumcdept/cellbio/">Biologi Sel & Perkembangan, Vanderbilt</a></li></ul> <p><i>Rencana ini mengandungi bahan-bahan daripada </i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/About/Primer">Buku Teks Peringkat Permulaan Sains</a><i> yang diterbitkan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusat_Maklumat_Bioteknologi_Nasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pusat Maklumat Bioteknologi Nasional (laman tidak wujud)">Pusat Maklumat Bioteknologi Nasional (NCBI)</a>. Sebagai terbitan kerajaan Amerika Syarikat, buku ini berada dalam <a href="/wiki/Domain_awam" title="Domain awam">domain awam</a>.</i> </p><p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabang_biologi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Biology-footer" class="mw-redirect" title="Templat:Biology-footer"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:Biology-footer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:Biology-footer (laman tidak wujud)"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Biology-footer&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabang_biologi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabang <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologi</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi">Anatomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiogenesis" title="Abiogenesis">Asal-usul kehidupan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi">Astrobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofizik" title="Biofizik">Biofizik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi">Biogeografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioinformasi" title="Bioinformasi">Bioinformasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">Biokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_evolusi" title="Biologi evolusi">Biologi evolusi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_kimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biologi kimia (laman tidak wujud)">Biologi kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_kuantum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biologi kuantum (laman tidak wujud)">Biologi kuantum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_laut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biologi laut (laman tidak wujud)">Biologi laut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_manusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biologi manusia (laman tidak wujud)">Biologi manusia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_matematik_dan_teori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biologi matematik dan teori (laman tidak wujud)">Biologi matematik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_molekul" title="Biologi molekul">Biologi molekul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_pemuliharaan" title="Biologi pemuliharaan">Biologi pemuliharaan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_pengkomputeran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biologi pengkomputeran (laman tidak wujud)">Biologi pengkomputeran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan">Biologi perkembangan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Biologi sel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sistem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biologi sistem (laman tidak wujud)">Biologi sistem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomekanik" title="Biomekanik">Biomekanik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biosejarah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biosejarah (laman tidak wujud)">Biosejarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biostatistik" title="Biostatistik">Biostatistik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botani" title="Botani">Botani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">Ekologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiologi" title="Epidemiologi">Epidemiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigenetik" title="Epigenetik">Epigenetik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmakologi" title="Farmakologi">Farmakologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi">Fisiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetik" title="Genetik">Genetik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genomil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genomil (laman tidak wujud)">Genomil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histologi" title="Histologi">Histologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imunologi" title="Imunologi">Imunologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronobiologi" title="Kronobiologi">Kronobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikologi" title="Mikologi">Mikologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikrobiologi" title="Mikrobiologi">Mikrobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrobiologi_bersel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikrobiologi bersel (laman tidak wujud)">Mikrobiologi bersel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurosains" title="Neurosains">Neurosains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontologi" title="Paleontologi">Paleontologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasitologi" title="Parasitologi">Parasitologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patologi" title="Patologi">Patologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemakanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemakanan">Pemakanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosiobiologi" title="Sosiobiologi">Sosiobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistematik" title="Sistematik">Sistematik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengelasan_biologi" title="Pengelasan biologi">Taksonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teratologi" title="Teratologi">Teratologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toksikologi" title="Toksikologi">Toksikologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi">Zoologi</a></li></ul> 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portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portal"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Senarai" title="Portal:Senarai">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Issoria_lathonia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/27px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/41px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/54px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="445" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biologi" title="Portal:Biologi">Biologi</a></li></ul></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5868370">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox 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