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amplitude</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: amplitude"> <meta name="keywords" content="amplitude"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="amplitude"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 606</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: amplitude</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">546</span> Spatial Direct Numerical Simulation of Instability Waves in Hypersonic Boundary Layers </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayahar%20Sivasubramanian">Jayahar Sivasubramanian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding laminar-turbulent transition process in hyper-sonic boundary layers is crucial for designing viable high speed flight vehicles. The study of transition becomes particularly important in the high speed regime due to the effect of transition on aerodynamic performance and heat transfer. However, even after many years of research, the transition process in hyper-sonic boundary layers is still not understood. This lack of understanding of the physics of the transition process is a major impediment to the development of reliable transition prediction methods. Towards this end, spatial Direct Numerical Simulations are conducted to investigate the instability waves generated by a localized disturbance in a hyper-sonic flat plate boundary layer. In order to model a natural transition scenario, the boundary layer was forced by a short duration (localized) pulse through a hole on the surface of the flat plate. The pulse disturbance developed into a three-dimensional instability wave packet which consisted of a wide range of disturbance frequencies and wave numbers. First, the linear development of the wave packet was studied by forcing the flow with low amplitude (0.001% of the free-stream velocity). The dominant waves within the resulting wave packet were identified as two-dimensional second mode disturbance waves. Hence the wall-pressure disturbance spectrum exhibited a maximum at the span wise mode number k = 0. The spectrum broadened in downstream direction and the lower frequency first mode oblique waves were also identified in the spectrum. However, the peak amplitude remained at k = 0 which shifted to lower frequencies in the downstream direction. In order to investigate the nonlinear transition regime, the flow was forced with a higher amplitude disturbance (5% of the free-stream velocity). The developing wave packet grows linearly at first before reaching the nonlinear regime. The wall pressure disturbance spectrum confirmed that the wave packet developed linearly at first. The response of the flow to the high amplitude pulse disturbance indicated the presence of a fundamental resonance mechanism. Lower amplitude secondary peaks were also identified in the disturbance wave spectrum at approximately half the frequency of the high amplitude frequency band, which would be an indication of a sub-harmonic resonance mechanism. The disturbance spectrum indicates, however, that fundamental resonance is much stronger than sub-harmonic resonance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20layer" title="boundary layer">boundary layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNS" title=" DNS"> DNS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyper%20sonic%20flow" title=" hyper sonic flow"> hyper sonic flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instability%20waves" title=" instability waves"> instability waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20packet" title=" wave packet"> wave packet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138691/spatial-direct-numerical-simulation-of-instability-waves-in-hypersonic-boundary-layers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">545</span> Zero Cross-Correlation Codes Based on Balanced Incomplete Block Design: Performance Analysis and Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Garadi%20Ahmed">Garadi Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boubakar%20S.%20Bouazza"> Boubakar S. Bouazza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Zero Cross-Correlation (C, w) code is a family of binary sequences of length C and constant Hamming-weight, the cross correlation between any two sequences equal zero. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of ZCC code based on Balanced Incomplete Block Design (BIBD) for Spectral Amplitude Coding Optical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) system using direct detection. The BER obtained is better than 10-9 for five simultaneous users. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20amplitude%20coding-optical%20code-division-multiple-access%20%28SAC-OCDMA%29" title="spectral amplitude coding-optical code-division-multiple-access (SAC-OCDMA)">spectral amplitude coding-optical code-division-multiple-access (SAC-OCDMA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20induced%20intensity%20noise%20%28PIIN%29" title=" phase induced intensity noise (PIIN)"> phase induced intensity noise (PIIN)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balanced%20incomplete%20block%20design%20%28BIBD%29" title=" balanced incomplete block design (BIBD)"> balanced incomplete block design (BIBD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero%20cross-correlation%20%28ZCC%29" title=" zero cross-correlation (ZCC)"> zero cross-correlation (ZCC)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70616/zero-cross-correlation-codes-based-on-balanced-incomplete-block-design-performance-analysis-and-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70616.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">544</span> Estimating 3D-Position of a Stationary Random Acoustic Source Using Bispectral Analysis of 4-Point Detected Signals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katsumi%20Hirata">Katsumi Hirata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To develop the useful acoustic environmental recognition system, the method of estimating 3D-position of a stationary random acoustic source using bispectral analysis of 4-point detected signals is proposed. The method uses information about amplitude attenuation and propagation delay extracted from amplitude ratios and angles of auto- and cross-bispectra of the detected signals. It is expected that using bispectral analysis affects less influence of Gaussian noises than using conventional power spectral one. In this paper, the basic principle of the method is mentioned first, and its validity and features are considered from results of the fundamental experiments assumed ideal circumstances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4-point%20detection" title="4-point detection">4-point detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=a%20stationary%20random%20acoustic%20source" title=" a stationary random acoustic source"> a stationary random acoustic source</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auto-%20and%20cross-bispectra" title=" auto- and cross-bispectra"> auto- and cross-bispectra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estimation%20of%203D-position" title=" estimation of 3D-position"> estimation of 3D-position</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7391/estimating-3d-position-of-a-stationary-random-acoustic-source-using-bispectral-analysis-of-4-point-detected-signals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7391.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">543</span> Heat Transfer Correlations for Exhaust Gas Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatih%20Kantas">Fatih Kantas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Exhaust systems are key contributors to ground vehicles as a heat source. Understanding heat transfer in exhaust systems is related to defining effective parameter on heat transfer in exhaust system. In this journal, over 20 Nusselt numbers are investigated. This study shows advantages and disadvantages of various Nusselt numbers in different range Re, Pr and pulsating flow amplitude and frequency. Also (CAF) Convective Augmentation Factors are defined to correct standard Nusselt number for geometry and location of exhaust system. Finally, optimum Nusselt number and Convective Augmentation Factors are recommended according to Re, Pr and pulsating flow amplitude and frequency, geometry and location effect of exhaust system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exhaust%20gas%20flow" title="exhaust gas flow">exhaust gas flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20correlation" title=" heat transfer correlation"> heat transfer correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nusselt" title=" Nusselt"> Nusselt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prandtl" title=" Prandtl"> Prandtl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulsating%20flow" title=" pulsating flow"> pulsating flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83895/heat-transfer-correlations-for-exhaust-gas-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83895.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">542</span> Relation of Electromyography, Strength and Fatigue During Ramp Isometric Contractions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cesar%20Ferreira%20Amorim">Cesar Ferreira Amorim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamotsu%20Hirata"> Tamotsu Hirata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Runer%20Augusto%20Marson"> Runer Augusto Marson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of strength ramp isometric contraction on changes in surface electromyography (sEMG) signal characteristics of the hamstrings muscles. All measurements were obtained from 20 healthy well trained healthy adults (age 19.5 ± 0.8 yrs, body mass 63.4 ± 1.5 kg, height: 1.65 ± 0.05 m). Subjects had to perform isometric ramp contractions in knee flexion with the force gradually increasing from 0 to 40% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in a 20s period. The root mean square (RMS) amplitude of sEMG signals obtained from the biceps femoris (caput longum) were calculated at four different strength levels (10, 20, 30, and 40% MVC) from the ramp isometric contractions (5s during the 20s task %MVC). The main results were a more pronounced increase non-linear in sEMG-RMS amplitude for the muscles. The protocol described here may provide a useful index for measuring of strength neuromuscular fatigue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosignal" title="biosignal">biosignal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20electromyography" title=" surface electromyography"> surface electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ramp%20contractions" title=" ramp contractions"> ramp contractions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32275/relation-of-electromyography-strength-and-fatigue-during-ramp-isometric-contractions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">541</span> Surface Roughness Effects in Pure Sliding EHL Line Contacts with Carreau-Type Shear-Thinning Lubricants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Punit%20Kumar">Punit Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niraj%20Kumar"> Niraj Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of transverse surface roughness on EHL characteristics has been investigated numerically using an extensive set of full EHL line contact simulations for shear-thinning lubricants under pure sliding condition. The shear-thinning behavior of lubricant is modeled using Carreau viscosity equation along with Doolittle-Tait equation for lubricant compressibility. The surface roughness is assumed to be sinusoidal and it is present on the stationary surface. It is found that surface roughness causes sharp pressure peaks along with reduction in central and minimum film thickness. With increasing amplitude of surface roughness, the minimum film thickness decreases much more rapidly as compared to the central film thickness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EHL" title="EHL">EHL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carreau" title=" Carreau"> Carreau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear-thinning" title=" shear-thinning"> shear-thinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amplitude" title=" amplitude"> amplitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelength" title=" wavelength"> wavelength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6356/surface-roughness-effects-in-pure-sliding-ehl-line-contacts-with-carreau-type-shear-thinning-lubricants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">731</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">540</span> Ultrasound Therapy: Amplitude Modulation Technique for Tissue Ablation by Acoustic Cavitation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fares%20A.%20Mayia">Fares A. Mayia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20A.%20Yamany"> Mahmoud A. Yamany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mushabbab%20A.%20Asiri"> Mushabbab A. Asiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, non-invasive Focused Ultrasound (FU) has been utilized for generating bubbles (cavities) to ablate target tissue by mechanical fractionation. Intensities >10 kW/cm² are required to generate the inertial cavities. The generation, rapid growth, and collapse of these inertial cavities cause tissue fractionation and the process is called Histotripsy. The ability to fractionate tissue from outside the body has many clinical applications including the destruction of the tumor mass. The process of tissue fractionation leaves a void at the treated site, where all the affected tissue is liquefied to particles at sub-micron size. The liquefied tissue will eventually be absorbed by the body. Histotripsy is a promising non-invasive treatment modality. This paper presents a technique for generating inertial cavities at lower intensities (< 1 kW/cm²). The technique (patent pending) is based on amplitude modulation (AM), whereby a low frequency signal modulates the amplitude of a higher frequency FU wave. Cavitation threshold is lower at low frequencies; the intensity required to generate cavitation in water at 10 kHz is two orders of magnitude lower than the intensity at 1 MHz. The Amplitude Modulation technique can operate in both continuous wave (CW) and pulse wave (PW) modes, and the percentage modulation (modulation index) can be varied from 0 % (thermal effect) to 100 % (cavitation effect), thus allowing a range of ablating effects from Hyperthermia to Histotripsy. Furthermore, changing the frequency of the modulating signal allows controlling the size of the generated cavities. Results from in vitro work demonstrate the efficacy of the new technique in fractionating soft tissue and solid calcium carbonate (Chalk) material. The technique, when combined with MR or Ultrasound imaging, will present a precise treatment modality for ablating diseased tissue without affecting the surrounding healthy tissue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=focused%20ultrasound%20therapy" title="focused ultrasound therapy">focused ultrasound therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histotripsy" title=" histotripsy"> histotripsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inertial%20cavitation" title=" inertial cavitation"> inertial cavitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20tissue%20ablation" title=" mechanical tissue ablation"> mechanical tissue ablation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38361/ultrasound-therapy-amplitude-modulation-technique-for-tissue-ablation-by-acoustic-cavitation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">539</span> Wireless Integrated Switched Oscillator Impulse Generator with Application in Wireless Passive Electric Field Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mohammadzamani">S. Mohammadzamani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Kordi"> B. Kordi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wireless electric field sensors are in high demand in the number of applications that requires measuring electric field such as investigations of high power systems and testing the high voltage apparatus. Passive wireless electric field sensors are most desired since they do not require a source of power and are interrogated wirelessly. A passive wireless electric field sensor has been designed and fabricated by our research group. In the wireless interrogation system of the sensor, a wireless radio frequency impulse generator needs to be employed. A compact wireless impulse generator composed of an integrated resonant switched oscillator (SWO) and a pulse-radiating antenna has been designed and fabricated in this research. The fundamental of Switched Oscillators was introduced by C.E.Baum. A Switched Oscillator consists of a low impedance transmission line charged by a DC source, through large impedance at desired frequencies and terminated to a high impedance antenna at one end and a fast closing switch at the other end. Once the line is charged, the switch will close and short-circuit the transmission line. Therefore, a fast transient wave will be generated and travels along the transmission line. Because of the mismatch between the antenna and the transmission line, only a part of fast transient wave will be radiated, and a portion of the fast-transient wave will reflect back. At the other end of the transmission line, there is a closed switch. Consequently, a second reflection with a reversed sign will propagate towards the antenna and the wave continues back and forth. hence, at the terminal of the antenna, there will be a series of positive and negative pulses with descending amplitude. In this research a single ended quarter wavelength Switched Oscillator has been designed and simulated at 800MHz. The simulation results show that the designed Switched Oscillator generates pulses with decreasing amplitude at the frequency of 800MHz with the maximum amplitude of 10V and bandwidth of about 10MHz at the antenna end. The switched oscillator has been fabricated using a 6cm long coaxial cable transmission line which is charged by a DC source and an 8cm monopole antenna as the pulse radiating antenna. A 90V gas discharge switch has been employed as the fast closing switch. The Switched oscillator sends a series of pulses with decreasing amplitude at the frequency of 790MHz with the maximum amplitude of 0.3V in the distance of 30 cm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20field%20measurement" title="electric field measurement">electric field measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impulse%20radiating%20antenna" title=" impulse radiating antenna"> impulse radiating antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switched%20oscillator" title=" switched oscillator"> switched oscillator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20impulse%20generator" title=" wireless impulse generator"> wireless impulse generator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105070/wireless-integrated-switched-oscillator-impulse-generator-with-application-in-wireless-passive-electric-field-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">538</span> The Possibility of Using Somatosensory Evoked Potential(SSEP) as a Parameter for Cortical Vascular Dementia </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyunsik%20Park">Hyunsik Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the rate of cerebrovascular disease increases in old populations, the prevalence rate of vascular dementia would be expected. Therefore, authors designed this study to find out the possibility of somatosensory evoked potentials(SSEP) as a parameter for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of vascular dementia in cortical vascular dementia patients. 21 patients who met the criteria for vascular dementia according to DSM-IV,ICD-10and NINDS-AIREN with the history of recent cognitive impairment, fluctuation progression, and neurologic deficit. We subdivided these patients into two groups; a mild dementia and a severe dementia groups by MMSE and CDR score; and analysed comparison between normal control group and patient control group who have been cerebrovascular attack(CVA) history without dementia by using N20 latency and amplitude of median nerve. In this study, mild dementia group showed significant differences on latency and amplitude with normal control group(p-value<0.05) except patient control group(p-value>0.05). Severe dementia group showed significant differences both normal control group and patient control group.(p-value<0.05, <001). Since no significant difference has founded between mild dementia group and patient control group, SSEP has limitation to use for early diagnosis test. However, the comparison between severe dementia group and others showed significant results which indicate SSEP can predict the prognosis of vascular dementia in cortical vascular dementia patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSEP" title="SSEP">SSEP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cortical%20vascular%20dementia" title=" cortical vascular dementia"> cortical vascular dementia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N20%20latency" title=" N20 latency"> N20 latency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N20%20amplitude" title=" N20 amplitude "> N20 amplitude </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22594/the-possibility-of-using-somatosensory-evoked-potentialssep-as-a-parameter-for-cortical-vascular-dementia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22594.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">537</span> Event Related Potentials in Terms of Visual and Auditory Stimuli</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seokbeen%20Lim">Seokbeen Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KyeongSeok%20Sim"> KyeongSeok Sim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DaKyeong%20Shin"> DaKyeong Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gilwon%20Yoon"> Gilwon Yoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Event-related potential (ERP) is one of the useful tools for investigating cognitive reactions. In this study, the potential of ERP components detected after auditory and visual stimuli was examined. Subjects were asked to respond upon stimuli that were of three categories; Target, Non-Target and Standard stimuli. The ERP after stimulus was measured. In the experiment of visual evoked potentials (VEPs), the subjects were asked to gaze at a center point on the monitor screen where the stimuli were provided by the reversal pattern of the checkerboard. In consequence of the VEP experiments, we observed consistent reactions. Each peak voltage could be measured when the ensemble average was applied. Visual stimuli had smaller amplitude and a longer latency compared to that of auditory stimuli. The amplitude was the highest with Target and the smallest with Standard in both stimuli. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auditory%20stimulus" title="auditory stimulus">auditory stimulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEG" title=" EEG"> EEG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=event%20related%20potential" title=" event related potential"> event related potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oddball%20task" title=" oddball task"> oddball task</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20stimulus" title=" visual stimulus"> visual stimulus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62590/event-related-potentials-in-terms-of-visual-and-auditory-stimuli" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62590.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">536</span> Tribological Response of Self-Mated Zircaloy-4 under Varying Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharat%20Kumar">Bharat Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepak%20Kumar"> Deepak Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijay%20Chaudhry"> Vijay Chaudhry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zirconium alloys are widely used for the core components of a pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) or Canada deuterium (CANDU) reactor due to their low neutron absorption cross-section and excellent mechanical properties. The components made of Zirconium alloys are subjected to flow-induced vibrations, resulting in fretting wear at the interface of; pressure tubes and bearing pads, pressure tubes and calandria tubes, and calandria tubes and Liquid injection shutdown system (LISS) nozzles. There is a need to explore the tribological response under such conditions. Present work simulates the contact between calandria tube and LISS nozzle of PHWR/CANDU reactor as cylinder-on-cylinder contact configuration. Reciprocating tribo-tests were conducted on Zircaloy-4 (Zr-4) under the self-mated condition at varying amplitude, frequency, and sliding time. To understand the active wear mechanism, worn surfaces were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The change in amplitude severely affects the wear than other factors. The wear mechanism transits from adhesion to abrasion with increasing test amplitude. The dominant wear mechanisms are micro-cutting and micro-plowing followed by delamination in some areas. However, the coefficient of friction has indifferent behaviors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zircaloy-4" title="zircaloy-4">zircaloy-4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribology" title=" tribology"> tribology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calandria%20tube" title=" calandria tube"> calandria tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LISS%20nozzle" title=" LISS nozzle"> LISS nozzle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PHWR" title=" PHWR"> PHWR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142929/tribological-response-of-self-mated-zircaloy-4-under-varying-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142929.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">535</span> Kinoform Optimisation Using Gerchberg- Saxton Iterative Algorithm </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Al-Shamery">M. Al-Shamery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Young"> R. Young</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Birch"> P. Birch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Chatwin"> C. Chatwin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Computer Generated Holography (CGH) is employed to create digitally defined coherent wavefronts. A CGH can be created by using different techniques such as by using a detour-phase technique or by direct phase modulation to create a kinoform. The detour-phase technique was one of the first techniques that was used to generate holograms digitally. The disadvantage of this technique is that the reconstructed image often has poor quality due to the limited dynamic range it is possible to record using a medium with reasonable spatial resolution.. The kinoform (phase-only hologram) is an alternative technique. In this method, the phase of the original wavefront is recorded but the amplitude is constrained to be constant. The original object does not need to exist physically and so the kinoform can be used to reconstruct an almost arbitrary wavefront. However, the image reconstructed by this technique contains high levels of noise and is not identical to the reference image. To improve the reconstruction quality of the kinoform, iterative techniques such as the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm (GS) are employed. In this paper the GS algorithm is described for the optimisation of a kinoform used for the reconstruction of a complex wavefront. Iterations of the GS algorithm are applied to determine the phase at a plane (with known amplitude distribution which is often taken as uniform), that satisfies given phase and amplitude constraints in a corresponding Fourier plane. The GS algorithm can be used in this way to enhance the reconstruction quality of the kinoform. Different images are employed as the reference object and their kinoform is synthesised using the GS algorithm. The quality of the reconstructed images is quantified to demonstrate the enhanced reconstruction quality achieved by using this method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20generated%20holography" title="computer generated holography">computer generated holography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20holography" title=" digital holography"> digital holography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerchberg-Saxton%20algorithm" title=" Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm"> Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinoform" title=" kinoform"> kinoform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35707/kinoform-optimisation-using-gerchberg-saxton-iterative-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35707.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">534</span> DC Bus Voltage Ripple Control of Photo Voltaic Inverter in Low Voltage Ride-Trough Operation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afshin%20Kadri">Afshin Kadri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using Renewable Energy Resources (RES) as a type of DG unit is developing in distribution systems. The connection of these generation units to existing AC distribution systems changes the structure and some of the operational aspects of these grids. Most of the RES requires to power electronic-based interfaces for connection to AC systems. These interfaces consist of at least one DC/AC conversion unit. Nowadays, grid-connected inverters must have the required feature to support the grid under sag voltage conditions. There are two curves in these conditions that show the magnitude of the reactive component of current as a function of voltage drop value and the required minimum time value, which must be connected to the grid. This feature is named low voltage ride-through (LVRT). Implementing this feature causes problems in the operation of the inverter that increases the amplitude of high-frequency components of the injected current and working out of maximum power point in the photovoltaic panel connected inverters are some of them. The important phenomenon in these conditions is ripples in the DC bus voltage that affects the operation of the inverter directly and indirectly. The losses of DC bus capacitors which are electrolytic capacitors, cause increasing their temperature and decreasing its lifespan. In addition, if the inverter is connected to the photovoltaic panels directly and has the duty of maximum power point tracking, these ripples cause oscillations around the operating point and decrease the generating energy. Using a bidirectional converter in the DC bus, which works as a buck and boost converter and transfers the ripples to its DC bus, is the traditional method to eliminate these ripples. In spite of eliminating the ripples in the DC bus, this method cannot solve the problem of reliability because it uses an electrolytic capacitor in its DC bus. In this work, a control method is proposed which uses the bidirectional converter as the fourth leg of the inverter and eliminates the DC bus ripples using an injection of unbalanced currents into the grid. Moreover, the proposed method works based on constant power control. In this way, in addition, to supporting the amplitude of grid voltage, it stabilizes its frequency by injecting active power. Also, the proposed method can eliminate the DC bus ripples in deep voltage drops, which cause increasing the amplitude of the reference current more than the nominal current of the inverter. The amplitude of the injected current for the faulty phases in these conditions is kept at the nominal value and its phase, together with the phase and amplitude of the other phases, are adjusted, which at the end, the ripples in the DC bus are eliminated, however, the generated power decreases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy%20resources" title="renewable energy resources">renewable energy resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20drop%20value" title=" voltage drop value"> voltage drop value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC%20bus%20ripples" title=" DC bus ripples"> DC bus ripples</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bidirectional%20converter" title=" bidirectional converter"> bidirectional converter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163833/dc-bus-voltage-ripple-control-of-photo-voltaic-inverter-in-low-voltage-ride-trough-operation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163833.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">533</span> Terahertz Surface Plasmon in Carbon Nanotube Dielectric Interface via Amplitude Modulated Laser</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monika%20Singh">Monika Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A carbon nanotube thin film coated on dielectric interface is employed to produce THz surface plasma wave (SPW). The carbon nanotube has its plasmon frequency in the THz range. The SPW field falls off away from the metal film both inside the dielectric as well as in free space. An amplitude modulated laser pulse normally incident, from free space on slow wave structure, exert a modulation frequency ponderomotive force on the free electrons of the CNT film and resonantly excite the THz surface plasma wave at the modulation frequency. Carbon nanotube based plasmonic nano-structure materials provides potentially more versatile approach to tightly confined surface modes in the THz range in comparison to noble metals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20plasmons" title="surface plasmons">surface plasmons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20waves" title=" surface waves"> surface waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20films" title=" thin films"> thin films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=THz%20radiation" title=" THz radiation"> THz radiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65604/terahertz-surface-plasmon-in-carbon-nanotube-dielectric-interface-via-amplitude-modulated-laser" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65604.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">532</span> Dialect and Gender Variations in the Place and Manner of Articulation of the Korean Fricatives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung-Im%20Han">Kyung-Im Han</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines dialect and gender variations in the place and manner of articulation between the two Korean fricatives, /s/ and /s’/, as produced by speakers of the Daegu and Jeju dialects. The acoustic parameters of center of gravity and skewness for the place of articulation, and the rise time and the amplitude rise slope for the manner of articulation were measured. The study results revealed a gender effect, but no dialect effect, for the center of gravity and the skewness. No main effect for either the gender or dialect was found for the rise time and the amplitude rise slope. These findings indicated that, with regard to the place of articulation, Korean fricative sound differences are a gender distinction, not a dialectal one. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialect" title="dialect">dialect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Korean%20fricative" title=" Korean fricative"> Korean fricative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manner%20of%20articulation" title=" manner of articulation"> manner of articulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=place%20of%20articulation" title=" place of articulation"> place of articulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20moments" title=" spectral moments"> spectral moments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75595/dialect-and-gender-variations-in-the-place-and-manner-of-articulation-of-the-korean-fricatives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">531</span> Two-Step Inversion Method for Multi-mode Surface Waves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Zhang">Ying Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface waves provide critical constraints about the earth's structure in the crust and upper mantle. However, different modes of Love waves with close group velocities often arrive at a similar time and interfere with each other. This problem is typical for Love waves at intermediate periods that travel through the oceanic lithosphere. Therefore, we developed a two-step inversion approach to separate the waveforms of the fundamental and first higher mode of Love waves. We first solve the phase velocities of the two modes and their amplitude ratios. The misfit function is based on the sum of phase differences among the station pairs. We then solve the absolute amplitudes of the two modes and their initial phases using obtained phase velocities and amplitude ratio. The separated waveforms of each mode from the two-step inversion method can be further used in surface wave tomography to improve model resolution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20wave%20inversion" title="surface wave inversion">surface wave inversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waveform%20separation" title=" waveform separation"> waveform separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=love%20waves" title=" love waves"> love waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher-mode%20interference" title=" higher-mode interference"> higher-mode interference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164271/two-step-inversion-method-for-multi-mode-surface-waves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">530</span> Experimental Study of Flag Flutter in Uniform Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sadeghi">A. Sadeghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sedghi"> M. Sedghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Emami%20Azadi"> M. R. Emami Azadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Gharraei%20Khosroshahi"> R. Gharraei Khosroshahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flags are objects with very low bending stiffness and under wind forces start to vibrate and finally to flutter. Even in lower velocities of wind their flutter can be seen. In this research physical property of fabric is determined by performing tensile tests. Then with performing laboratory experiments in wind tunnel, determination of initial flapping speed and also study of displacement amplitude at leech and calculation of their frequency would be targeted. Laboratory tests are performed in a wind tunnel and with different velocities of wind flow for specimens with different dimensions. The results show that extension of specimens' width increase flutter initiation velocity and increase of specimen length decreases it. Also by increasing wind velocity displacement amplitude at leech of specimens are decreased. This displacement has a straight relation with specimens' length and width. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flag" title="flag">flag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flutter" title=" flutter"> flutter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20velocity" title=" wind velocity"> wind velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flutter%20amplitudes" title=" flutter amplitudes"> flutter amplitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20tunnel" title=" wind tunnel"> wind tunnel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20004/experimental-study-of-flag-flutter-in-uniform-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">435</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">529</span> The Influence of Machine Tool Composite Stiffness to the Surface Waviness When Processing Posture Constantly Switching</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Song%20Zhiyong">Song Zhiyong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao%20Bo"> Zhao Bo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Du%20Li"> Du Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Wei"> Wang Wei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aircraft structures generally have complex surface. Because of constantly switching postures of motion axis, five-axis CNC machine’s composite stiffness changes during CNC machining. It gives rise to different amplitude of vibration of processing system, which further leads to the different effects on surface waviness. In order to provide a solution for this problem, we take the “S” shape test specimen’s CNC machining for the object, through calculate the five axis CNC machine’s composite stiffness and establish vibration model, we analysis of the influence mechanism between vibration amplitude and surface waviness. Through carry out the surface quality measurement experiments, verify the validity and accuracy of the theoretical analysis. This paper’s research results provide a theoretical basis for surface waviness control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=five%20axis%20CNC%20machine" title="five axis CNC machine">five axis CNC machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%E2%80%9CS%E2%80%9D%20shape%20test%20specimen" title=" “S” shape test specimen"> “S” shape test specimen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20stiffness" title=" composite stiffness"> composite stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20waviness" title=" surface waviness"> surface waviness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1673/the-influence-of-machine-tool-composite-stiffness-to-the-surface-waviness-when-processing-posture-constantly-switching" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1673.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">528</span> Experimental Investigation of Natural Frequency and Forced Vibration of Euler-Bernoulli Beam under Displacement of Concentrated Mass and Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aref%20Aasi">Aref Aasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadegh%20Mehdi%20Aghaei"> Sadegh Mehdi Aghaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balaji%20Panchapakesan"> Balaji Panchapakesan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work aims to evaluate the free and forced vibration of a beam with two end joints subjected to a concentrated moving mass and a load using the Euler-Bernoulli method. The natural frequency is calculated for different locations of the concentrated mass and load on the beam. The analytical results are verified by the experimental data. The variations of natural frequency as a function of the location of the mass, the effect of the forced frequency on the vibrational amplitude, and the displacement amplitude versus time are investigated. It is discovered that as the concentrated mass moves toward the center of the beam, the natural frequency of the beam and the relative error between experimental and analytical data decreases. There is a close resemblance between analytical data and experimental observations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Euler-Bernoulli%20beam" title="Euler-Bernoulli beam">Euler-Bernoulli beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20frequency" title=" natural frequency"> natural frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forced%20vibration" title=" forced vibration"> forced vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20setup" title=" experimental setup"> experimental setup</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144338/experimental-investigation-of-natural-frequency-and-forced-vibration-of-euler-bernoulli-beam-under-displacement-of-concentrated-mass-and-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">527</span> Physical-Mechanical Characteristics of Monocrystalline Si1-xGex(X 0,02) Solid Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Kurashvili">I. Kurashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sichinava"> A. Sichinava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Bokuchava"> G. Bokuchava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Darsavelidze"> G. Darsavelidze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Si-Ge solid solutions (bulk poly- and monocrystalline samples, thin films) are characterized by high perspectives for application in semiconductor devices, in particular, optoelectronics and microelectronics. In this light complex studying of structural state of the defects and structural-sensitive physical properties of Si-Ge solid solutions depending on the contents of Si and Ge components is very important. Present work deals with the investigations of microstructure, electrophysical characteristics, microhardness, internal friction and shear modulus of Si1-xGex(x≤0,02) bulk monocrystals conducted at a room temperatures. Si-Ge bulk crystals were obtained by Czochralski method in [111] crystallographic direction. Investigated monocrystalline Si-Ge samples are characterized by p-type conductivity and carriers concentration 5.1014-1.1015cm-3, dislocation density 5.103-1.104cm-2, microhardness according to Vickers method 900-1200 Kg/mm2. Investigate samples are characterized with 0,5x0,5x(10-15) mm3 sizes, oriented along [111] direction at torsion oscillations ≈1Hz, multistage changing of internal friction and shear modulus has been revealed in an interval of strain amplitude of 10-5-5.10-3. Critical values of strain amplitude have been determined at which hysteretic changes of inelastic characteristics and microplasticity are observed. The critical strain amplitude and elasticity limit values are also determined. Tendency to decrease of dynamic mechanical characteristics is shown with increasing Ge content in Si-Ge solid solutions. Observed changes are discussed from the point of view of interaction of various dislocations with point defects and their complexes in a real structure of Si-Ge solid solutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Microhardness" title="Microhardness">Microhardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20friction" title=" internal friction"> internal friction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20modulus" title=" shear modulus"> shear modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monocrystalline" title=" Monocrystalline"> Monocrystalline</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23710/physical-mechanical-characteristics-of-monocrystalline-si1-xgexx-002-solid-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23710.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">526</span> Friction and Wear Behavior of Zr-Nb Alloy Under Different Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharat%20Kumar">Bharat Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepak%20Kumar"> Deepak Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijay%20Chaudhry"> Vijay Chaudhry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zirconium alloys are generally used for designing the core components of nuclear reactors due to their good mechanical and tribological properties. Some core components are subjected to flow-induced vibrations resulting in wear of these components due to their interaction with one another. To simulate these conditions, low amplitude reciprocating wear tests are conducted at room temperature and high temperature (260 degrees Celsius) between Zr-2.5Nb alloy and SS-410. The tests are conducted at a frequency range of 5 Hz to 25 Hz and an amplitude range of 200 µm to 600 µm. Friction and wear responses were recorded and correlated with the change in parameters. Worn surfaces are analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical profilometer. Elemental changes on the worn surfaces were determined using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The coefficient of friction (COF) increases with increasing temperature and decreases with increasing frequency. Adhesive wear is found to be the dominant wear mechanism which increases at high temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nuclear%20reactor" title="nuclear reactor">nuclear reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zr-2.5Nb" title=" Zr-2.5Nb"> Zr-2.5Nb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SS-410" title=" SS-410"> SS-410</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20and%20wear" title=" friction and wear"> friction and wear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162479/friction-and-wear-behavior-of-zr-nb-alloy-under-different-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">525</span> Bit Error Rate Monitoring for Automatic Bias Control of Quadrature Amplitude Modulators</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naji%20Ali%20Albakay">Naji Ali Albakay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20Alothaim"> Abdulrahman Alothaim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isa%20Barshushi"> Isa Barshushi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The most common quadrature amplitude modulator (QAM) applies two Mach-Zehnder Modulators (MZM) and one phase shifter to generate high order modulation format. The bias of MZM changes over time due to temperature, vibration, and aging factors. The change in the biasing causes distortion to the generated QAM signal which leads to deterioration of bit error rate (BER) performance. Therefore, it is critical to be able to lock MZM’s Q point to the required operating point for good performance. We propose a technique for automatic bias control (ABC) of QAM transmitter using BER measurements and gradient descent optimization algorithm. The proposed technique is attractive because it uses the pertinent metric, BER, which compensates for bias drifting independently from other system variations such as laser source output power. The proposed scheme performance and its operating principles are simulated using OptiSystem simulation software for 4-QAM and 16-QAM transmitters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automatic%20bias%20control" title="automatic bias control">automatic bias control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20fiber%20communication" title=" optical fiber communication"> optical fiber communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20modulation" title=" optical modulation"> optical modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20devices" title=" optical devices"> optical devices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137442/bit-error-rate-monitoring-for-automatic-bias-control-of-quadrature-amplitude-modulators" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137442.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">524</span> Fluctuations of Transfer Factor of the Mixer Based on Schottky Diode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexey%20V.%20Klyuev">Alexey V. Klyuev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arkady%20V.%20Yakimov"> Arkady V. Yakimov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikhail%20I.%20Ryzhkin"> Mikhail I. Ryzhkin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrey%20V.%20Klyuev"> Andrey V. Klyuev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fluctuations of Schottky diode parameters in a structure of the mixer are investigated. These fluctuations are manifested in two ways. At the first, they lead to fluctuations in the transfer factor that is lead to the amplitude fluctuations in the signal of intermediate frequency. On the basis of the measurement data of 1/f noise of the diode at forward current, the estimation of a spectrum of relative fluctuations in transfer factor of the mixer is executed. Current dependence of the spectrum of relative fluctuations in transfer factor of the mixer and dependence of the spectrum of relative fluctuations in transfer factor of the mixer on the amplitude of the heterodyne signal are investigated. At the second, fluctuations in parameters of the diode lead to the occurrence of 1/f noise in the output signal of the mixer. This noise limits the sensitivity of the mixer to the value of received signal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current-voltage%20characteristic" title="current-voltage characteristic">current-voltage characteristic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluctuations" title=" fluctuations"> fluctuations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixer" title=" mixer"> mixer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schottky%20diode" title=" Schottky diode"> Schottky diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1%2Ff%20noise" title=" 1/f noise"> 1/f noise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37525/fluctuations-of-transfer-factor-of-the-mixer-based-on-schottky-diode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">586</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">523</span> Stationary Energy Partition between Waves in a Carbyne Chain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20Nikitenkova">Svetlana Nikitenkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitry%20Kovriguine"> Dmitry Kovriguine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stationary energy partition between waves in a one dimensional carbyne chain at ambient temperatures is investigated. The study is carried out by standard asymptotic methods of nonlinear dynamics in the framework of classical mechanics, based on a simple mathematical model, taking into account central and noncentral interactions between carbon atoms. Within the first-order nonlinear approximation analysis, triple-mode resonant ensembles of quasi-harmonic waves are revealed. Any resonant triad consists of a single primary high-frequency longitudinal mode and a pair of secondary low-frequency transverse modes of oscillations. In general, the motion of the carbyne chain is described by a superposition of resonant triads of various spectral scales. It is found that the stationary energy distribution is obeyed to the classical Rayleigh–Jeans law, at the expense of the proportional amplitude dispersion, except a shift in the frequency band, upwards the spectrum. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonant%20triplet" title="resonant triplet">resonant triplet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayleigh%E2%80%93Jeans%20law" title=" Rayleigh–Jeans law"> Rayleigh–Jeans law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amplitude%20dispersion" title=" amplitude dispersion"> amplitude dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbyne" title=" carbyne"> carbyne</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35622/stationary-energy-partition-between-waves-in-a-carbyne-chain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35622.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">522</span> Characterization of Oxide Layer Developed during Tribo-Interaction of Zircaloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharat%20Kumar">Bharat Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepak%20Kumar"> Deepak Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijay%20Chaudhry"> Vijay Chaudhry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zirconium alloys are used as core components of nuclear reactors due to their high wear resistance, good corrosion properties, and good mechanical stability at high temperatures. The present work simulates the contact between the calandria tube and the liquid injection shutdown system (LISS) nozzle. The Calandria tube is the outer covering of the pressure tube. Water flows inside the pressure tube through fuel claddings which produces vibration in the pressure tube along with vibration in the calandria tube. Fretting wear takes place at the point of contact between the calandria tube and the LISS nozzle. Fretting tests were performed under different conditions, such as; varying fretting duration (i.e., 1 to 4 hours), varying frequency (i.e., 5 to 6.5 Hz), and varying amplitude (100 to 400 µm). The formation of the oxide layer was observed during the fretting wear test; as a result, the worn product. The worn surfaces were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze the wear mechanism involved in the fretting test, and Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Raman spectroscopy were used to confirm the presence of an oxide layer on the worn surface. The oxide layer becomes more uniform with fretting duration in case of water submerged condition as compared to dry contact condition. The oxide layer is deeply removed at high amplitude due to the change of wear mechanism from adhesion to abrasion, as confirmed by the presence of micro ploughing and micro cutting. Low amplitude fretting favors the formation of the tribo-oxide layer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribo-oxide%20layer" title="tribo-oxide layer">tribo-oxide layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear" title=" wear"> wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanically%20mixed%20layer" title=" mechanically mixed layer"> mechanically mixed layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zircaloy" title=" zircaloy"> zircaloy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166537/characterization-of-oxide-layer-developed-during-tribo-interaction-of-zircaloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166537.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">521</span> Spherical Nonlinear Wave Propagation in Relativistic Quantum Plasma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Abdikian">Alireza Abdikian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By assuming a quantum relativistic degenerate electron-positron (e-p) plasma media, the nonlinear acoustic solitary propagation in the presence of the stationary ions for neutralizing the plasma background of bounded cylindrical geometry was investigated. By using the standard reductive perturbation technique with cooperation the quantum hydrodynamics model for the e-p fluid, the spherical Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation was derived for small but finite amplitude waves and was given the solitary wave solution for the parameters relevant for dense astrophysical objects such as white dwarf stars. By using a suitable coordinate transformation and using improved F-expansion technique, the SKP equation can be solved analytically. The numerical results reveal that the relativistic effects lead to propagate the electrostatic bell shape structures and by increasing the relativistic effects, the amplitude and the width of the e-p acoustic solitary wave will decrease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Electron-positron%20plasma" title="Electron-positron plasma">Electron-positron plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Acoustic%20solitary%20wave" title=" Acoustic solitary wave"> Acoustic solitary wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Relativistic%20plasmas" title=" Relativistic plasmas"> Relativistic plasmas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20spherical%20Kadomtsev-Petviashvili%20equation" title=" the spherical Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation"> the spherical Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125010/spherical-nonlinear-wave-propagation-in-relativistic-quantum-plasma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125010.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">520</span> Autonomic Nervous System Changes Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Clinical and Electrophysiological Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Kamal%20Aziz%20Saba">Emmanuel Kamal Aziz Saba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Al-Moghazy%20Sultan"> Hussein Al-Moghazy Sultan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically and electro physiologically the autonomic nervous system changes associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The present study included 25 patients with RA [22 women (88%)] and 30 apparently healthy control subjects [27 women (90%)]. A thorough clinical examination was carried out. Disease activity and functional disability were assessed. Tests for assessment of autonomic functions include active and passive orthostatic stress tests, and sympathetic skin response (SSR). The presence of abnormality in 2 tests or more was a clue for the presence of autonomic neuropathy (AN). Sural sensory nerve conduction study and posterior tibial motor nerve conduction study were done. There was a statistically significant decrease in standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) components of the active orthostatic stress test and SSR amplitude as well as statistically significant prolongation of SSR latency of RA patients when compared to control. Three patients (12%) had clinical symptoms suggestive of AN; increased to 14 patients (56 %) when orthostatic stress tests and SSR were utilized. There were no statistically significant differences between patients with different disease activity score 28 with 4 variables grades of RA activity and SSR latency and amplitude. There were no statistically significant differences between patients with different Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index grades of RA functional disability and SSR latency and amplitude. In conclusion, autonomic neuropathy is a common extra-articular manifestation of RA affecting sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomic%20neuropathy" title="autonomic neuropathy">autonomic neuropathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthostatic%20stress%20test" title=" orthostatic stress test"> orthostatic stress test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheumatoid%20arthritis" title=" rheumatoid arthritis"> rheumatoid arthritis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sympathetic%20skin%20response" title=" sympathetic skin response"> sympathetic skin response</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30914/autonomic-nervous-system-changes-associated-with-rheumatoid-arthritis-clinical-and-electrophysiological-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">519</span> Optical Breather in Phosphorene Monolayer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guram%20Adamashvili">Guram Adamashvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface plasmon polariton is a surface optical wave which undergoes a strong enhancement and spatial confinement of its wave amplitude near an interface of two-dimensional layered structures. Phosphorene (single-layer black phosphorus) and other two-dimensional anisotropic phosphorene-like materials are recognized as promising materials for potential future applications of surface plasmon polariton. A theory of an optical breather of self-induced transparency for surface plasmon polariton propagating in monolayer or few-layer phosphorene is developed. A theory of an optical soliton of self-induced transparency for surface plasmon polariton propagating in monolayer or few-layer phosphorene have been investigated earlier Starting from the optical nonlinear wave equation for surface TM-modes interacting with a two-dimensional layer of atomic systems or semiconductor quantum dots and a phosphorene monolayer (or other two-dimensional anisotropic material), we have obtained the evolution equations for the electric field of the breather. In this case, one finds that the evolution of these pulses become described by the damped Bloch-Maxwell equations. For surface plasmon polariton fields, breathers are found to occur. Explicit relations of the dependence of breathers on the local media, phosphorene anisotropic conductivity, transition layer properties and transverse structures of the SPP, are obtained and will be given. It is shown that the phosphorene conductivity reduces exponentially the amplitude of the surface breather of SIT in the process of propagation. The direction of propagation corresponding to the maximum and minimum damping of the amplitude are assigned along the armchair and zigzag directions of black phosphorus nano-ﬁlm, respectively. The most rapid damping of the intensity occurs when the polarization of breather is along the armchair direction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breathers" title="breathers">breathers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20waves" title=" nonlinear waves"> nonlinear waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solitons" title=" solitons"> solitons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20plasmon%20polaritons" title=" surface plasmon polaritons"> surface plasmon polaritons</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105299/optical-breather-in-phosphorene-monolayer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">518</span> Application Research of Stilbene Crystal for the Measurement of Accelerator Neutron Sources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao%20Kuo">Zhao Kuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Liang"> Chen Liang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Zhongbing"> Zhang Zhongbing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruan%20Jinlu.%20He%20Shiyi"> Ruan Jinlu. He Shiyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xu%20Mengxuan"> Xu Mengxuan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stilbene, C₁₄H₁₂, is well known as one of the most useful organic scintillators for pulse shape discrimination (PSD) technique for its good scintillation properties. An on-line acquisition system and an off-line acquisition system were developed with several CAMAC standard plug-ins, NIM plug-ins, neutron/γ discriminating plug-in named 2160A and a digital oscilloscope with high sampling rate respectively for which stilbene crystals and photomultiplier tube detectors (PMT) as detector for accelerator neutron sources measurement carried out in China Institute of Atomic Energy. Pulse amplitude spectrums and charge amplitude spectrums were real-time recorded after good neutron/γ discrimination whose best PSD figure-of-merits (FoMs) are 1.756 for D-D accelerator neutron source and 1.393 for D-T accelerator neutron source. The probability of neutron events in total events was 80%, and neutron detection efficiency was 5.21% for D-D accelerator neutron sources, which were 50% and 1.44% for D-T accelerator neutron sources after subtracting the background of scattering observed by the on-line acquisition system. Pulse waveform signals were acquired by the off-line acquisition system randomly while the on-line acquisition system working. The PSD FoMs obtained by the off-line acquisition system were 2.158 for D-D accelerator neutron sources and 1.802 for D-T accelerator neutron sources after waveform digitization off-line processing named charge integration method for just 1000 pulses. In addition, the probabilities of neutron events in total events obtained by the off-line acquisition system matched very well with the probabilities of the on-line acquisition system. The pulse information recorded by the off-line acquisition system could be repetitively used to adjust the parameters or methods of PSD research and obtain neutron charge amplitude spectrums or pulse amplitude spectrums after digital analysis with a limited number of pulses. The off-line acquisition system showed equivalent or better measurement effects compared with the online system with a limited number of pulses which indicated a feasible method based on stilbene crystals detectors for the measurement of prompt neutrons neutron sources like prompt accelerator neutron sources emit a number of neutrons in a short time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stilbene%20crystal" title="stilbene crystal">stilbene crystal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerator%20neutron%20source" title=" accelerator neutron source"> accelerator neutron source</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron%20%2F%20%CE%B3%20discrimination" title=" neutron / γ discrimination"> neutron / γ discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=figure-of-merits" title=" figure-of-merits"> figure-of-merits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CAMAC" title=" CAMAC"> CAMAC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waveform%20digitization" title=" waveform digitization"> waveform digitization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86807/application-research-of-stilbene-crystal-for-the-measurement-of-accelerator-neutron-sources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86807.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">517</span> Rock Thickness Measurement by Using Self-Excited Acoustical System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janusz%20Kwa%C5%9Bniewski">Janusz Kwaśniewski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ireneusz%20Dominik"> Ireneusz Dominik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krzysztof%20Lalik"> Krzysztof Lalik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The knowledge about rock layers thickness, especially above drilled mining pavements are crucial for workers safety. The measuring systems used nowadays are generally imperfect and there is a strong demand for improvement. The application of a new type of a measurement system called Self-Excited Acoustical System is presented in the paper. The system was applied until now to monitor stress changes in metal and concrete constructions. The change in measurement methodology resulted in possibility of measuring the thickness of the rocks above the tunnels as well as thickness of a singular rock layer. The idea is to find two resonance frequencies of the self-exited system, which consists of a vibration exciter and vibration receiver placed at a distance, which are coupled with a proper power amplifier, and which operate in a closed loop with a positive feedback. The resonance with the higher amplitude determines thickness of the whole rock, whereas the lower amplitude resonance indicates thickness of a singular layer. The results of the laboratory tests conducted on a group of different rock materials are also presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auto-oscillator" title="auto-oscillator">auto-oscillator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-destructive%20testing" title=" non-destructive testing"> non-destructive testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20thickness%20measurement" title=" rock thickness measurement"> rock thickness measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotechnic" title=" geotechnic"> geotechnic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2627/rock-thickness-measurement-by-using-self-excited-acoustical-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info 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