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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ethnicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Employment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Employment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leisure_and_entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leisure_and_entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Leisure and entertainment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leisure_and_entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Luton_International_Carnival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luton_International_Carnival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.1</span> <span>Luton International Carnival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luton_International_Carnival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Luton_St_Patrick's_Festival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luton_St_Patrick's_Festival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.2</span> <span>Luton St Patrick's Festival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luton_St_Patrick's_Festival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Luton_Mela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luton_Mela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.3</span> <span>Luton Mela</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luton_Mela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_of_Culture_bid_and_pilot_year" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_of_Culture_bid_and_pilot_year"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.4</span> <span>City of Culture bid and pilot year</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_of_Culture_bid_and_pilot_year-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatre_and_performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre_and_performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Theatre and performing arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre_and_performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Newspapers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newspapers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4.1</span> <span>Newspapers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newspapers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4.2</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4.3</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Local attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Recreation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Recreation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Recreation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parks_and_open_spaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_open_spaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Parks and open spaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_open_spaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brantwood_Park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brantwood_Park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.1</span> <span>Brantwood Park</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brantwood_Park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kidney_Wood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kidney_Wood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.2</span> <span>Kidney Wood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kidney_Wood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memorial_Park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memorial_Park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.3</span> <span>Memorial Park</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memorial_Park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stockwood_Park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stockwood_Park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.4</span> <span>Stockwood Park</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stockwood_Park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wardown_Park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wardown_Park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.5</span> <span>Wardown Park</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wardown_Park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shopping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shopping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Shopping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shopping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Twin towns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_birth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_birth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>By birth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_birth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_association" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_association"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>By association</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_association-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freedom_of_the_Borough" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom_of_the_Borough"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Freedom of the Borough</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Freedom_of_the_Borough-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Freedom of the Borough subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Freedom_of_the_Borough-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Individuals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Luton</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86" title="لوتن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لوتن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="لوتون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لوتون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8" title="লুটন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লুটন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лутон – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Лутон" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лутан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лутан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лутан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лутан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Лутън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лутън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton_(kapital_sa_kondado)" title="Luton (kapital sa kondado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Luton (kapital sa kondado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Λούτον – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λούτον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="لوتون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوتون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%ED%84%B4" title="루턴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루턴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Լութոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լութոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лутон – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Лутон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="לוטון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לוטון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%ABtona" title="Lūtona – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lūtona" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton_(borough)" title="Luton (borough) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Luton (borough)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutonas" title="Lutonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lutonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лутон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лутон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86" title="لوتن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لوتن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3" title="ルートン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルートン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лутон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лутон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лутон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лутон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лутон – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Лутон" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ลูตัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลูตัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лутон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лутон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%86" title="لوٹن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لوٹن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luton" title="Luton – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Luton" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E9%A1%BF" title="卢顿 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卢顿" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9F" title="לוטאן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לוטאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E9%A0%93" title="盧頓 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="盧頓" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E9%A1%BF" title="卢顿 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卢顿" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Luton&params=51_52_42_N_00_24_53_W_region:GB-LUT_type:city(226,973)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°52′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">00°24′53″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.87833°N 0.41472°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.87833; -0.41472</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in Bedfordshire, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the town in Bedfordshire, England. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Luton_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Luton (disambiguation)">Luton (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Luton</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of towns in the United Kingdom">Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borough_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Borough status in the United Kingdom">borough</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">unitary authority</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:transparent;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid transparent;width:290px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:transparent;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luton_Town_Hall_and_War_Memorial_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Luton_Town_Hall_and_War_Memorial_%2801%29.jpg/290px-Luton_Town_Hall_and_War_Memorial_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Luton_Town_Hall_and_War_Memorial_%2801%29.jpg/435px-Luton_Town_Hall_and_War_Memorial_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Luton_Town_Hall_and_War_Memorial_%2801%29.jpg/580px-Luton_Town_Hall_and_War_Memorial_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4223" data-file-height="3370" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:transparent;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luton_Hoo_(South_Face_-_01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Luton_Hoo_%28South_Face_-_01%29.jpg/144px-Luton_Hoo_%28South_Face_-_01%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Luton_Hoo_%28South_Face_-_01%29.jpg/216px-Luton_Hoo_%28South_Face_-_01%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Luton_Hoo_%28South_Face_-_01%29.jpg/288px-Luton_Hoo_%28South_Face_-_01%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4269" data-file-height="3167" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Northwest_Face_of_the_Parish_Church_of_Saint_Mary,_Luton_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Northwest_Face_of_the_Parish_Church_of_Saint_Mary%2C_Luton_%2802%29.jpg/144px-Northwest_Face_of_the_Parish_Church_of_Saint_Mary%2C_Luton_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Northwest_Face_of_the_Parish_Church_of_Saint_Mary%2C_Luton_%2802%29.jpg/216px-Northwest_Face_of_the_Parish_Church_of_Saint_Mary%2C_Luton_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Northwest_Face_of_the_Parish_Church_of_Saint_Mary%2C_Luton_%2802%29.jpg/288px-Northwest_Face_of_the_Parish_Church_of_Saint_Mary%2C_Luton_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4505" data-file-height="3322" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:transparent;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:London_Luton_Airport_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1446381.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/London_Luton_Airport_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1446381.jpg/144px-London_Luton_Airport_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1446381.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/London_Luton_Airport_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1446381.jpg/216px-London_Luton_Airport_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1446381.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/London_Luton_Airport_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1446381.jpg/288px-London_Luton_Airport_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1446381.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="359" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kenilworth_Stand_at_Kenilworth_Road,_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kenilworth_Stand_at_Kenilworth_Road%2C_2006.jpg/144px-Kenilworth_Stand_at_Kenilworth_Road%2C_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kenilworth_Stand_at_Kenilworth_Road%2C_2006.jpg/216px-Kenilworth_Stand_at_Kenilworth_Road%2C_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kenilworth_Stand_at_Kenilworth_Road%2C_2006.jpg/288px-Kenilworth_Stand_at_Kenilworth_Road%2C_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Top to bottom, left to right: <a href="/wiki/Luton_Town_Hall" title="Luton Town Hall">Luton Town Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luton_Hoo" title="Luton Hoo">Luton Hoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Luton" title="St Mary's Church, Luton">St Mary's Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luton_Airport" title="Luton Airport">Luton Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luton_Town_F.C." title="Luton Town F.C.">Luton Town</a>'s stadium <a href="/wiki/Kenilworth_Road" title="Kenilworth Road">Kenilworth Road</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Scientiæ et labori detur</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-coatofarms_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coatofarms-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />"May it be given to skill and industry"<sup id="cite_ref-strawhatboom_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-strawhatboom-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luton_UK_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luton shown within Bedfordshire"><img alt="Luton shown within Bedfordshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Luton_UK_locator_map.svg/200px-Luton_UK_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Luton_UK_locator_map.svg/300px-Luton_UK_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Luton_UK_locator_map.svg/400px-Luton_UK_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="1266" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Luton shown within Bedfordshire</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:England_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luton is located in England"><img alt="Luton is located in England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/England_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-England_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/England_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-England_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/England_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-England_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2002" data-file-height="2431" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.947%;left:72.403%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Luton"><img alt="Luton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Luton</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within England</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of England</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luton is located in the United Kingdom"><img alt="Luton is located in the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="386" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1348" data-file-height="2083" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:76.014%;left:80.192%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Luton"><img alt="Luton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Luton</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the United Kingdom</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United Kingdom</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luton is located in Europe"><img alt="Luton is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/250px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/375px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/500px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1351" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.204%;left:21.681%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Luton"><img alt="Luton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Luton</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Europe</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Luton&params=51_52_42_N_00_24_53_W_region:GB-LUT_type:city(226,973)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°52′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">00°24′53″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.87833°N 0.41472°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.87833; -0.41472</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data">England</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East of England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire" title="Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settlement</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 6th century</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">Borough</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1876</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Administrative HQ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Luton_Town_Hall" title="Luton Town Hall">Luton Town Hall</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">Borough</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Luton_Borough_Council" title="Luton Borough Council">Luton Borough Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Tahmina Saleem</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the 2024 United Kingdom general election">MPs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Owen" title="Sarah Owen">Sarah Owen</a> <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">(L)</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Hopkins" title="Rachel Hopkins">Rachel Hopkins</a> <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">(L)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">17 sq mi (43 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts_by_area" title="List of English districts by area">254th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-LLA_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LLA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">226,973</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts_by_population" title="List of English districts by population">83rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">13,560/sq mi (5,236/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Lutonian</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Ethnicity <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021</a>)</span><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2021_Nomis_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">Ethnic groups</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 45.2% <a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">White</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 37% <a href="/wiki/British_Asians" title="British Asians">Asian</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 10.1% <a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 4.3% <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 3.5% <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">other</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Religion <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2021_Nomis_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">Religion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 37.9% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England#Christianity" title="Religion in England">Christianity</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 32.9% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_England" title="Islam in England">Islam</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 17.6% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Irreligion in the United Kingdom">no religion</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 11.6% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">other</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B0" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+0">UTC+0</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">GMT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" title="British Summer Time">BST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode Area</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a href="/wiki/LU_postcode_area" title="LU postcode area">LU</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of dialling codes in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01582</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:GB" title="ISO 3166-2:GB">GB-LUT</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_the_United_Kingdom_and_the_British_Crown_Dependencies" title="List of airports in the United Kingdom and the British Crown Dependencies">International airport</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/London_Luton_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="London Luton Airport">London Luton Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_Air_Transport_Association_airport_code" class="mw-redirect" title="International Air Transport Association airport code">LTN</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/UK_railway_stations" title="UK railway stations">Railway stations</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Luton_railway_station" title="Luton railway station">Luton</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_railway_station_categories" title="United Kingdom railway station categories">B</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Luton_Airport_Parkway_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Luton Airport Parkway railway station">Luton Airport Parkway</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_railway_station_categories" title="United Kingdom railway station categories">D</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Leagrave_railway_station" title="Leagrave railway station">Leagrave</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_railway_station_categories" title="United Kingdom railway station categories">D</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Luton&params=51.883785_N_0.418259_W_region:GB_scale:25000">TL0896521763</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Government_Statistical_Service" title="Government Statistical Service">GSS</a> code</th><td class="infobox-data">E06000032</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ONS_coding_system" title="ONS coding system">ONS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">00KA</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics" title="Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics">NUTS</a> 3</th><td class="infobox-data">UKH21</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/FIPS_10-4" title="FIPS 10-4">FIPS 10-4</a></th><td class="infobox-data">UKI1</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.luton.gov.uk/">m<wbr />.luton<wbr />.gov<wbr />.uk</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203889#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Luton</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/81\/En-uk-Luton.ogg\/En-uk-Luton.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-uk-Luton.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-uk-Luton.ogg/En-uk-Luton.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-uk-Luton.ogg" title="File:En-uk-Luton.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a town and <a href="/wiki/Borough_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Borough status in the United Kingdom">borough</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire" title="Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a>, England. The borough had a population of 225,262 at the 2021 census.<sup id="cite_ref-LLA_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LLA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BUA2021_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BUA2021-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Luton is on the <a href="/wiki/River_Lea" title="River Lea">River Lea</a>, about 32 miles (50 km) north-west of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ELR_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELR-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town's foundation dates to the sixth century as a Saxon settlement on the river, from which Luton derives its name.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Luton is recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> as <i>Loitone</i> and <i>Lintone</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-domesday_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-domesday-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the largest churches in Bedfordshire, <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Luton" title="St Mary's Church, Luton">St Mary's Church</a>, was built in the 12th century.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are local museums which explore Luton's history in <a href="/wiki/Wardown_Park_Museum" title="Wardown Park Museum">Wardown Park</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Stockwood_Discovery_Centre" title="Stockwood Discovery Centre">Stockwood Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Luton was once known for <a href="/wiki/Hatmaking" title="Hatmaking">hatmaking</a> and also had a large <a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall Motors</a> factory. Car production at the plant began in 1905 and continued until its closure in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Production of <a href="/wiki/Commercial_vehicle" title="Commercial vehicle">commercial vehicles</a> <a href="/wiki/IBC_Vehicles" title="IBC Vehicles">continues</a> and the head office of <a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall Motors</a> is in the village of <a href="/wiki/Chalton,_Bedfordshire" title="Chalton, Bedfordshire">Chalton</a> on the northern border of the borough .<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/London_Luton_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="London Luton Airport">London Luton Airport</a> opened in 1938 and is now one of Britain's major airports,<sup id="cite_ref-caa2018_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caa2018-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with three <a href="/wiki/Luton_railway_station" title="Luton railway station">railway stations</a> also in the town. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bedfordshire" title="University of Bedfordshire">University of Bedfordshire</a> was created from a merger with the University of Luton;<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> two of its campuses are in Luton.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1997, <a href="/wiki/Luton_Borough_Council" title="Luton Borough Council">Luton Borough Council</a> has been a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authority" title="Unitary authority">unitary authority</a>, performing all local government functions in the borough. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Luton_Town_F.C." title="Luton Town F.C.">Luton Town Football Club</a>, nicknamed the <i>Hatters</i>, due to the town's connection to hatmaking, has had several spells in the top flight of the <a href="/wiki/English_Football_League" title="English Football League">English league</a> as well as a <a href="/wiki/Football_League_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Football League Cup">Football League Cup</a> triumph <a href="/wiki/1988_Football_League_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="1988 Football League Cup Final">in 1988</a>. They play at <a href="/wiki/Kenilworth_Road" title="Kenilworth Road">Kenilworth Road</a>, their home <a href="/wiki/History_of_Luton_Town_F.C._(1885%E2%80%931970)" title="History of Luton Town F.C. (1885–1970)">since 1905</a>; planning permission for <a href="/wiki/Power_Court_Stadium_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Power Court Stadium Project">a new larger stadium</a> was approved in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-new-stadium_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new-stadium-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Luton_International_Carnival" class="mw-redirect" title="Luton International Carnival">Luton International Carnival</a>, the largest one-day <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">carnival</a> in Europe, is held on the day before the last Monday in May;<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Saint Patrick</a>'s festival is held on the weekend nearest to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">Saint Patrick's Day</a><sup id="cite_ref-irish-forum_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irish-forum-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as there is a large <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a> community in Luton. The town also has a large <a href="/wiki/British_Pakistanis" title="British Pakistanis">Pakistani</a> community which, along with the Irish, were attracted to employment at the Vauxhall car plant.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Luton_Hoo" title="Luton Hoo">Luton Hoo</a> is an <a href="/wiki/English_country_house" title="English country house">English country house</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estate_(land)" title="Estate (land)">estate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grade_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade I">Grade I</a> listed building originally designed by Scottish architect <a href="/wiki/Robert_Adam" title="Robert Adam">Robert Adam</a> but later transformed to the designs of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smirke_(architect)" title="Robert Smirke (architect)">Robert Smirke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Luton" title="History of Luton">History of Luton</a></div> <p>Luton is believed to have been founded by the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxons</a> sometime in the 6th century.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its name first appears in the 8th century as <i>Lygetun</i>, meaning "town on the River Lea".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> records Luton as <i>Loitone</i> and as <i>Lintone</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-domesday_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-domesday-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Agriculture dominated the local economy at that time, and the town's population was around 700 to 800.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StMarysLuton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/StMarysLuton.jpg/220px-StMarysLuton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/StMarysLuton.jpg/330px-StMarysLuton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/StMarysLuton.jpg/440px-StMarysLuton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St_Marys_(Luton)" class="mw-redirect" title="St Marys (Luton)">St Mary's Church</a>, Luton town centre</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wenlock_chapel,_Luton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Wenlock_chapel%2C_Luton.jpg/220px-Wenlock_chapel%2C_Luton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Wenlock_chapel%2C_Luton.jpg/330px-Wenlock_chapel%2C_Luton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Wenlock_chapel%2C_Luton.jpg/440px-Wenlock_chapel%2C_Luton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The Wenlock chapel within St Mary's</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1121 <a href="/wiki/Robert,_1st_Earl_of_Gloucester" title="Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester">Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester</a> started work on <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_(Luton)" class="mw-redirect" title="St Mary's (Luton)">St Mary's Church</a> in the centre of the town. The work was completed by 1137.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Motte-and-bailey" class="mw-redirect" title="Motte-and-bailey">motte-and-bailey</a> castle which gives its name to the modern Castle Street was built in 1139 but demolished by 1154.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hat" title="Hat">hat making</a> industry began in the 17th century and became synonymous with the town.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:11_to_19_George_Street,_Luton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/11_to_19_George_Street%2C_Luton.jpg/220px-11_to_19_George_Street%2C_Luton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/11_to_19_George_Street%2C_Luton.jpg/330px-11_to_19_George_Street%2C_Luton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/11_to_19_George_Street%2C_Luton.jpg/440px-11_to_19_George_Street%2C_Luton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4513" data-file-height="3297" /></a><figcaption>A row of largely Grade II listed buildings in George Street West, Luton</figcaption></figure> <p>The town grew: in 1801 the population was 3,095,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but by 1850 it was over 10,000 and by 1901 it was almost 39,000. </p><p>Newspaper printing arrived in the town in 1854. The first public cemetery was opened in the same year and Luton was made a <a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">borough</a> in 1876.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Luton's <a href="/wiki/Hatmaking" title="Hatmaking">hat trade</a> reached its peak in the 1930s,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but severely declined after the Second World War and was replaced by other industries. </p><p>In 1907, <a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall Motors</a> opened the largest car plant in the United Kingdom in Luton, during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, it built <a href="/wiki/Churchill_tank" title="Churchill tank">Churchill tanks</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as part of the <a href="/wiki/War_effort" title="War effort">war effort</a>. Despite heavy camouflage, the factory made Luton a target for the <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> and the town suffered a number of <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing" title="Strategic bombing">air raids</a>. 107 died<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there was extensive damage to the town (over 1,500 homes were damaged or destroyed). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LutonTownHallOld.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/LutonTownHallOld.JPG/220px-LutonTownHallOld.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/LutonTownHallOld.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="248" /></a><figcaption>The first <a href="/wiki/Luton_Town_Hall" title="Luton Town Hall">town hall</a> was destroyed in 1919</figcaption></figure> <p>The original town hall was destroyed in 1919 during Peace Day celebrations at the end of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. Dr. John G. Dony, author of The Flora of Bedfordshire<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> told his history students (he taught at Luton Grammar, predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Luton_Sixth_Form_College" title="Luton Sixth Form College">Luton Sixth Form College</a>), during the 1950s, that he had broken the last intact window of the old town hall during the 1919 riots. Local people, including many ex-servicemen, were unhappy with unemployment and had been refused the use of a local park to hold celebratory events. They stormed the town hall, setting it alight (<i>see <a href="/wiki/Luton_Town_Hall" title="Luton Town Hall">Luton Town Hall</a></i>). A replacement building was completed in 1936. </p><p>Luton Borough Corporation had provided the borough with electricity since the early twentieth century from <a href="/wiki/Luton_power_station" title="Luton power station">Luton power station</a>, located adjacent to the railway. Upon <a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">nationalisation</a> of the electricity industry in 1948 ownership passed to the <a href="/wiki/British_Electricity_Authority" title="British Electricity Authority">British Electricity Authority</a> and later to the <a href="/wiki/Central_Electricity_Generating_Board" title="Central Electricity Generating Board">Central Electricity Generating Board</a>. Electricity connections to the <a href="/wiki/National_Grid_(Great_Britain)" title="National Grid (Great Britain)">national grid</a> rendered the 23 <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">megawatt</a> (MW) coal and latterly oil-fired power station redundant. The station had a single chimney and two reinforced concrete cooling towers.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The power station closed in 1968; in its final year of operation it delivered 3,192 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt_hour" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt hour">MWh</a> of electricity to the borough.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/London_Luton_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="London Luton Airport">Luton Airport</a> opened in 1938, owned and operated by the council. It is now one of the largest employers in the area. </p><p>The pre-war years, were something of an economic boom for Luton, as new industries grew and prospered. New private and <a href="/wiki/Council_housing" class="mw-redirect" title="Council housing">council housing</a> was built in the 1920s and 1930s, with Luton starting to incorporate nearby villages <a href="/wiki/Leagrave" title="Leagrave">Leagrave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limbury" title="Limbury">Limbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stopsley" title="Stopsley">Stopsley</a> between 1928 and 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Post-war, a number of substantial estates of <a href="/wiki/Council_house" title="Council house">council housing</a> were built, notably at <a href="/wiki/Farley_Hill,_Bedfordshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Farley Hill, Bedfordshire">Farley Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stopsley" title="Stopsley">Stopsley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limbury" title="Limbury">Limbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marsh_Farm" title="Marsh Farm">Marsh Farm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leagrave" title="Leagrave">Leagrave</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hockwell_Ring" title="Hockwell Ring">Hockwell Ring</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Marsh_Farm" title="Marsh Farm">Marsh Farm</a> area of the town was developed in the mid to late 1960s as a large council housing estate, mostly to house the overspill population from <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. However, the estate gained a reputation for high levels of crime, poverty and unemployment, which culminated in a riot on the estate in July 1992 and another more serious riot three years later.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The partial closure of the Vauxhall manufacturing plant in 2002 had negative effects for Luton, leading to increased unemployment and deprivation.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024, <a href="/wiki/Stellantis" title="Stellantis">Stellantis</a> (owner of the Vauxall marque) announced plans to close its operation in Luton.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Politics_in_Luton" title="Politics in Luton">Politics in Luton</a></div> <p>There is just one tier of local government covering Luton: <a href="/wiki/Luton_Borough_Council" title="Luton Borough Council">Luton Borough Council</a>, which has been a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authority" title="Unitary authority">unitary authority</a> since 1997, being a <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">district council</a> which also performs the functions of a <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">county council</a>. There are no <a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">civil parishes</a> in the borough.<sup id="cite_ref-electionmaps_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-electionmaps-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The borough remains part of the <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_county" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceremonial county">ceremonial county</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire" title="Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of the <a href="/wiki/2024_UK_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 UK general election">2024 UK general election</a>, Luton is represented in Parliament by <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Owen" title="Sarah Owen">Sarah Owen</a> who holds <a href="/wiki/Luton_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Luton North (UK Parliament constituency)">Luton North</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Hopkins" title="Rachel Hopkins">Rachel Hopkins</a> who holds <a href="/wiki/Luton_South_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luton South (UK Parliament constituency)">Luton South</a>, both for <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_history">Administrative history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Administrative history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luton was an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_parish" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient parish">ancient parish</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hundreds_of_Bedfordshire" title="Hundreds of Bedfordshire">Flitt hundred</a>. The parish was the largest in Bedfordshire by area, and was subdivided into five <a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(place)" title="Hamlet (place)">hamlets</a> or <a href="/wiki/Township_(England)" title="Township (England)">townships</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hyde,_Bedfordshire" title="Hyde, Bedfordshire">Hyde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leagrave" title="Leagrave">Leagrave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limbury" title="Limbury">Limbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stopsley" title="Stopsley">Stopsley</a>, and a Luton township covering the central part of the parish including the town itself.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Luton township was made a <a href="/wiki/Local_board_of_health" title="Local board of health">local board district</a> in 1850. The local board was the town's first elected local authority; previously it had been administered by the parish <a href="/wiki/Vestry" title="Vestry">vestry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The town was incorporated as a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_borough" title="Municipal borough">municipal borough</a> in 1876.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in 1876 the new borough council was granted a <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-coatofarms_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coatofarms-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sheaf" class="extiw" title="wikt:sheaf">wheatsheaf</a> was used on the crest to represent agriculture and the supply of straw used in the local <a href="/wiki/Hatmaking" title="Hatmaking">hatmaking</a> industry (the <a href="/wiki/Straw_plaiting" title="Straw plaiting">straw plaiting</a> industry was brought to Luton by a group of Scots under the protection of Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Napier" title="John Napier">John Napier</a> of <a href="/wiki/Luton_Hoo" title="Luton Hoo">Luton Hoo</a>). The bee is traditionally the emblem of industry and the hive represents the straw plaiting industry for which Luton was famous. The rose is from the arms of the Napier family, whereas the <a href="/wiki/Thistle" title="Thistle">thistle</a> is a symbol for <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. An alternative suggestion is that the rose was a national emblem, and the thistle represents the <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Bute" title="Marquess of Bute">Marquess of Bute</a>, who formerly owned the Manor of Luton Hoo.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1894" title="Local Government Act 1894">Local Government Act 1894</a> directed that parishes could no longer straddle borough boundaries, and so the ancient parish was split into a Luton parish covering the same area as the borough and a Luton Rural parish covering the area outside the borough.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Luton Rural was abolished in 1896 and its area divided into the four parishes of Hyde, Leagrave, Limbury and Stopsley. In 1928 the Leagrave and Limbury parishes were both abolished and their areas absorbed into the borough of Luton;<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stopsley was similarly absorbed in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hyde remains a separate parish, now forming part of <a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire" title="Central Bedfordshire">Central Bedfordshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-electionmaps_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-electionmaps-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Luton was made a <a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">county borough</a> in 1964, making it independent from <a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire_County_Council" title="Bedfordshire County Council">Bedfordshire County Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was redesignated as a <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">non-metropolitan district</a> in 1974, making it once more subordinate to the county council. In 1997 the borough council was made a unitary authority, regaining its independence from the county council (which was subsequently abolished in 2009). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WardownLake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/WardownLake.jpg/220px-WardownLake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/WardownLake.jpg/330px-WardownLake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/WardownLake.jpg/440px-WardownLake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A pedestrian <a href="/wiki/Suspension_bridge" title="Suspension bridge">suspension bridge</a> spans the <a href="/wiki/River_Lee_(England)" class="mw-redirect" title="River Lee (England)">River Lea</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wardown_Park" title="Wardown Park">Wardown Park</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lutonsnowoct08.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Lutonsnowoct08.JPG/220px-Lutonsnowoct08.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Lutonsnowoct08.JPG/330px-Lutonsnowoct08.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Lutonsnowoct08.JPG/440px-Lutonsnowoct08.JPG 2x" data-file-width="938" data-file-height="413" /></a><figcaption>Snow accumulation over the <a href="/wiki/Chiltern_Hills" title="Chiltern Hills">Chiltern Hills</a> during <a href="/wiki/October_2008_United_Kingdom_cold_wave" title="October 2008 United Kingdom cold wave">October 2008</a> snowfall, Luton is denoted by the yellow dot.</figcaption></figure> <p>Luton is situated 28 miles north of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, 18 miles (29 km) north-west of <a href="/wiki/Hertford" title="Hertford">Hertford</a>, 20 miles (32 km) south of <a href="/wiki/Bedford" title="Bedford">Bedford</a><sup id="cite_ref-ELR_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELR-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 23 miles (37 km) south-east of <a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes" title="Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a> and 39 miles southwest of <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge, England">Cambridge</a>. The town forms the core part of the wider <a href="/wiki/Luton/Dunstable_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Luton/Dunstable Urban Area">Luton/Dunstable Urban Area</a> which includes the nearby towns of <a href="/wiki/Dunstable" title="Dunstable">Dunstable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Regis" title="Houghton Regis">Houghton Regis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire" title="Central Bedfordshire">Central Bedfordshire</a>. The town is the most populous settlement in <a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire" title="Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a> followed by <a href="/wiki/Bedford" title="Bedford">Bedford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Luton is located in a break in the eastern part of the <a href="/wiki/Chiltern_Hills" title="Chiltern Hills">Chiltern Hills</a>. The Chilterns are a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Chalk" title="Chalk">chalk</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> period<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (about 66 – 145 million years ago) and deposits laid at the southernmost points of the <a href="/wiki/Ice_sheet" title="Ice sheet">ice sheet</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Last_glacial_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Last glacial period">last ice age</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Warden_Hill,_Bedfordshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Warden Hill, Bedfordshire">Warden Hill</a> area can be seen from much of the town). </p><p>Bedfordshire had a reputation for brick making but the industry is now significantly reduced. The <a href="/wiki/Brickworks" title="Brickworks">brickworks</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at <a href="/wiki/Stopsley" title="Stopsley">Stopsley</a> took advantage of the clay deposits in the east of the town. </p><p>The source of the <a href="/wiki/River_Lee_(England)" class="mw-redirect" title="River Lee (England)">River Lea</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Thames_Valley" title="Thames Valley">Thames Valley</a> <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drainage basin</a>, is in the <a href="/wiki/Leagrave" title="Leagrave">Leagrave</a> area of the town. The <a href="/wiki/Bramingham#Bramingham_Wood" title="Bramingham">Great Bramingham Wood</a> surrounds this area. It is classified as <a href="/wiki/Ancient_woodland" title="Ancient woodland">ancient woodland</a>; records mention the wood at least 400 years ago. </p><p>There are few routes through the hilly area for some miles, this has led to several major roads (including the <a href="/wiki/M1_motorway" title="M1 motorway">M1</a> and the <a href="/wiki/A6_road_(England)" title="A6 road (England)">A6</a>) and a major rail-link being constructed through the town. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luton has a <a href="/wiki/Temperateness" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperateness">temperate</a> <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">marine climate</a>, like much of the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>, with generally light <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a> throughout the year. The weather is very changeable from day to day and the warming influence of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Stream" title="Gulf Stream">Gulf Stream</a> makes the region mild for its <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a>. The average total annual rainfall is 698 mm (27.5 in) with rain falling on 117 days of the year. </p><p>The local climate around Luton is differentiated somewhat from much of South East England due to its position in the <a href="/wiki/Chiltern_Hills" title="Chiltern Hills">Chiltern Hills</a>, meaning it tends to be 1–2 degrees Celsius cooler than the surrounding towns – often flights at <a href="/wiki/London_Luton_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="London Luton Airport">Luton airport</a>, lying 160 m (525 ft) above sea level, will be suspended when marginal snow events occur, while airports at lower elevations, such as <a href="/wiki/London_Heathrow_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="London Heathrow Airport">Heathrow</a>, at 25 m (82 ft) above sea level, continue to function. Absolute temperature extremes recorded at Rothamsted Research Station, 5 miles (8 km) south south east of Luton town centre and at a similar elevation range from −17.0 °C (1.4 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in December 1981 and −16.7 °C (1.9 °F) in January 1963<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 36.6 °C (97.9 °F) in July 2019<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 33.8 °C (92.8 °F) in August 1990<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and July 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Records for Rothamsted date back to 1901. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Rothamsted_Research" title="Rothamsted Research">Rothamsted</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Location_identifier#WMO_station_identifiers" title="Location identifier">WMO ID</a>: 03680; coordinates <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Luton&params=51.80671_N_0.36017_W_type:landmark_region:GB&title=Met+Office+Rothamsted"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°48′24″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°21′37″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.80671°N 0.36017°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.80671; -0.36017</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Met Office Rothamsted</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>; elevation: 128 m (420 ft); 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1914–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8<br />(80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.2<br />(104.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8<br />(80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.2<br />(104.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(34.9) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.7<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.6<br />(7.5) </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.2<br />(10.0) </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.2<br />(20.8) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.8<br />(27.0) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1<br />(37.6) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6<br />(30.9) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.7<br />(23.5) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.5<br />(18.5) </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.0<br />(1.4) </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−17.0<br />(1.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.6<br />(2.66) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.9<br />(2.00) </td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.7<br />(1.68) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.2<br />(2.02) </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.2<br />(2.02) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.9<br />(2.08) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.2<br />(2.06) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.2<br />(2.69) </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.4<br />(2.18) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.2<br />(3.08) </td> <td style="background: #88FF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.8<br />(3.02) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.2<br />(2.65) </td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">714.5<br />(28.13) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.1 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">120.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #6D6D6D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60.0 </td> <td style="background: #9D9D9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.3 </td> <td style="background: #B5B562; color:#000000;" class="notheme">119.1 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165.9 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">202.5 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">205.2 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">209.0 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">194.4 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">149.8 </td> <td style="background: #B2B277; color:#000000;" class="notheme">111.5 </td> <td style="background: #828282; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.2 </td> <td style="background: #666666; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56.0 </td> <td style="background: #BEBE2F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,620.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a><sup id="cite_ref-Met_Averages_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Met_Averages-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Meteorological_Institute" title="Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute">KNMI</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Luton" title="Demographics of Luton">Demographics of Luton</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021 United Kingdom census</a> showed that the borough had a population of 225,262,<sup id="cite_ref-2021_Nomis_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a 10.9% increase from the previous census in 2011 and a 22.2% increase compared with 2001. In 2021, 52,566 residents (23% of the total) were aged under 16, 146,330 (65%) were aged 16 to 64, and 26,363 (12%) were aged 65 or over.<sup id="cite_ref-2021_Nomis_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local inhabitants are known as <i>Lutonians</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ethnicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luton_ethnic_demography_from_1971_to_2021.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Luton_ethnic_demography_from_1971_to_2021.gif/220px-Luton_ethnic_demography_from_1971_to_2021.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Luton_ethnic_demography_from_1971_to_2021.gif/330px-Luton_ethnic_demography_from_1971_to_2021.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Luton_ethnic_demography_from_1971_to_2021.gif/440px-Luton_ethnic_demography_from_1971_to_2021.gif 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1134" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic demography of Luton from 1971 to 2021</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;"><b>Luton: Ethnicity</b>: 2011 Census<sup id="cite_ref-2011census_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011census-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2021 Census<sup id="cite_ref-2021_Nomis_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Nomis-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ethnic group </th> <th>2011<br />Population </th> <th>2011<br />% </th> <th> </th> <th>2021<br />Population </th> <th>2021<br />% </th></tr> <tr> <td>White </td> <td style="text-align:right;">111,079 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">54.7 </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">101,798 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">45.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,281 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.1 </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,620 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British </td> <td style="text-align:right;">60,952 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">30.0 </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">83,325 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">37.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black or Black British </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19,909 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.8 </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22,735 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other Ethnic Group </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,980 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.5 </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,783 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td style="text-align:right;">203,201 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100 </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">225,261 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Luton has seen several waves of immigration. In the early part of the 20th century, migrants from <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> came to the town. These were followed by <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asian</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_African-Caribbean_community" class="mw-redirect" title="British African-Caribbean community">Afro-Caribbean</a> immigrants. More recently immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> countries such as <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> have made Luton their home. As a result of this Luton has a diverse ethnic mix, with a significant population of Asian descent, mainly <a href="/wiki/British_Pakistanis" title="British Pakistanis">Pakistani</a> (41,143 residents, 18.3%) and <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladeshi people">Bangladeshi</a> (20,630, 9.2%).<sup id="cite_ref-TS021_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TS021-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People in Asian ethnic groups accounted for 86% of Luton's <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> population in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-RM031_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RM031-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of the 2021 census, the White British (White English, Scottish, Welsh, and Northern Irish) population of Luton comprised less than a third of the total (31.8%), the twelfth lowest proportion out of 318 local authorities in England and Wales and the second lowest (after <a href="/wiki/Slough" title="Slough">Slough</a>) outside of London.<sup id="cite_ref-TS021_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TS021-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall, 45.2% of Luton's population in 2021 was White (including non-British White people),<sup id="cite_ref-TS021_69-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TS021-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> down from 54.7% in 2011. </p><p>In 2011 81% of the population of Luton defined themselves as British.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the 2021 census, the religious affiliation of Luton was as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Religion </th> <th>Population </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Christian </td> <td style="text-align:right;">85,297 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">37.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Muslim </td> <td style="text-align:right;">74,191 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">32.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hindu </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,438 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sikh </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,032 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Buddhist </td> <td style="text-align:right;">664 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jewish </td> <td style="text-align:right;">246 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other religion </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,115 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>No religion </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39,580 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Religion not stated </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,697 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:High_Town_Methodist_church,_Luton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Methodist Chapel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/High_Town_Methodist_church%2C_Luton.jpg/220px-High_Town_Methodist_church%2C_Luton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/High_Town_Methodist_church%2C_Luton.jpg/330px-High_Town_Methodist_church%2C_Luton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/High_Town_Methodist_church%2C_Luton.jpg/440px-High_Town_Methodist_church%2C_Luton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> Chapel in High Town (built 1897)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikh_temple,_luton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sikh Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Sikh_temple%2C_luton.jpg/220px-Sikh_temple%2C_luton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Sikh_temple%2C_luton.jpg/330px-Sikh_temple%2C_luton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Sikh_temple%2C_luton.jpg/440px-Sikh_temple%2C_luton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The Guru Nanak Gurdwara <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikh</a> Temple</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luton,_Jamia_Masjid_Ghousia_Mosque_-_geograph.org.uk_-_194124.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Muslim mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Luton%2C_Jamia_Masjid_Ghousia_Mosque_-_geograph.org.uk_-_194124.jpg/220px-Luton%2C_Jamia_Masjid_Ghousia_Mosque_-_geograph.org.uk_-_194124.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Luton%2C_Jamia_Masjid_Ghousia_Mosque_-_geograph.org.uk_-_194124.jpg/330px-Luton%2C_Jamia_Masjid_Ghousia_Mosque_-_geograph.org.uk_-_194124.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Luton%2C_Jamia_Masjid_Ghousia_Mosque_-_geograph.org.uk_-_194124.jpg/440px-Luton%2C_Jamia_Masjid_Ghousia_Mosque_-_geograph.org.uk_-_194124.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The Jamia <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Luton" title="Economy of Luton">Economy of Luton</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VauxhallGriffinHouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/VauxhallGriffinHouse.jpg/220px-VauxhallGriffinHouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/VauxhallGriffinHouse.jpg/330px-VauxhallGriffinHouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/VauxhallGriffinHouse.jpg/440px-VauxhallGriffinHouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption>Griffin House, former headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall Motors</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EasyJetHQ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/EasyJetHQ.jpg/220px-EasyJetHQ.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/EasyJetHQ.jpg/330px-EasyJetHQ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/EasyJetHQ.jpg/440px-EasyJetHQ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Hangar 89, <a href="/wiki/EasyJet" title="EasyJet">EasyJet</a> headquarters</figcaption></figure> <p>Luton's economy has traditionally been focused on several different areas of industry, including <a href="/wiki/Automaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Automaker">car manufacturing</a>, engineering and <a href="/wiki/Hatmaking" title="Hatmaking">millinery</a>. However, today, Luton is moving towards a service based economy mainly in the retail and the airport sectors, although there is still a focus on light industry in the town. </p><p>Notable firms with headquarters in Luton include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EasyJet" title="EasyJet">EasyJet</a> – head office (originally EasyLand, later moved into Hangar 89)<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and main base at <a href="/wiki/London_Luton_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="London Luton Airport">London Luton Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impellam_Group" title="Impellam Group">Impellam Group</a> – headquarters at Capability Green<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TUI_Group" title="TUI Group">TUI</a> UK (<a href="/wiki/TUI_Airways" title="TUI Airways">TUI Airways</a>) – travel (Wigmore House)<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall Motors</a> – headquarters (Chalton House)<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Notable firms with offices in Luton include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anritsu" title="Anritsu">Anritsu</a> – electronics<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AstraZeneca" title="AstraZeneca">AstraZeneca</a> – pharmaceuticals<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selex_ES" title="Selex ES">Selex ES</a> – aerospace<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_%26_Young" title="Ernst & Young">Ernst & Young</a> – accountants<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitbread" title="Whitbread">Whitbread</a> – hospitality<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonegate_Pub_Company" title="Stonegate Pub Company">Stonegate Pub Company</a> – hospitality<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Luton's post-war and more recent industrial decline has been compared to that of similar towns in northern England.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Employment">Employment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Employment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Of the town's working population (classified 16–74 years of age by the <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a>), 63% are employed. This figure includes students, the self-employed and those who are in part-time employment. 11% are retired, 8% look after the family or take care of the home and 5% are unemployed.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Luton" title="Transport in Luton">Transport in Luton</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meridian_Luton_Airport_Parkway.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Meridian_Luton_Airport_Parkway.JPG/220px-Meridian_Luton_Airport_Parkway.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Meridian_Luton_Airport_Parkway.JPG/330px-Meridian_Luton_Airport_Parkway.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Meridian_Luton_Airport_Parkway.JPG/440px-Meridian_Luton_Airport_Parkway.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Midland_Mainline_(train_operating_company)" title="Midland Mainline (train operating company)">Midland Mainline</a> <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_222" title="British Rail Class 222">Class 222</a> at <a href="/wiki/Luton_Airport_Parkway_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Luton Airport Parkway railway station">Luton Airport Parkway</a> in April 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>Luton is situated less than 30 miles (50 km) north of the centre of London, giving it good links with the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City</a> and other parts of the country via rail and major roads such as the <a href="/wiki/M1_motorway" title="M1 motorway">M1</a> (which serves the town from junctions 10 and 11) and the <a href="/wiki/A6_road_(England)" title="A6 road (England)">A6</a>. </p><p>The town has three railway stations: <a href="/wiki/Luton_railway_station" title="Luton railway station">Luton</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Leagrave_railway_station" title="Leagrave railway station">Leagrave</a><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Luton_Airport_Parkway_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Luton Airport Parkway railway station">Luton Airport Parkway</a><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that are served by <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_Railway" title="East Midlands Railway">East Midlands Railway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Govia_Thameslink_Railway" title="Govia Thameslink Railway">Thameslink</a> services. </p><p>Luton is also home to <a href="/wiki/London_Luton_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="London Luton Airport">London Luton Airport</a>, one of the major feeder airports for London and the south-east. A light metro <a href="/wiki/People_mover" title="People mover">people mover</a> track, <a href="/wiki/Luton_DART" title="Luton DART">Luton DART</a>, opened in 2023, linking the airport and Luton Airport Parkway railway station.<sup id="cite_ref-open310_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-open310-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A network of bus services run by <a href="/wiki/Arriva_Shires_%26_Essex" class="mw-redirect" title="Arriva Shires & Essex">Arriva Shires & Essex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grant_Palmer_(bus_operator)" title="Grant Palmer (bus operator)">Grant Palmer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Centrebus" title="Centrebus">Centrebus</a> serves the <a href="/wiki/Luton/Dunstable_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Luton/Dunstable Urban Area">urban area of Luton and Dunstable</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> route opened in 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> called the <i><a href="/wiki/Luton_to_Dunstable_Busway" title="Luton to Dunstable Busway">Luton to Dunstable Busway</a></i>, connecting the town with the airport, <a href="/wiki/Dunstable" title="Dunstable">Dunstable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Regis" title="Houghton Regis">Houghton Regis</a>. Hertfordshire-based bus operator <a href="/wiki/Uno_(bus_company)" title="Uno (bus company)">Uno</a> also run buses on their 'Dragonfly' 610 route to Hatfield, Potters Bar and Cockforsters<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Luton is also served by a large <a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">taxi</a> network. As a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authority" title="Unitary authority">unitary authority</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luton_Borough_Council" title="Luton Borough Council">Luton Borough Council</a> is responsible for the local highways and public transport in the borough and licensing of taxis.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Universityofbeds.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Universityofbeds.JPG/220px-Universityofbeds.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Universityofbeds.JPG/330px-Universityofbeds.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Universityofbeds.JPG/440px-Universityofbeds.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>University of Bedfordshire – Luton</figcaption></figure> <p>Luton is one of the main locations of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bedfordshire" title="University of Bedfordshire">University of Bedfordshire</a>. A large campus of the university is in Luton town centre, with a smaller campus based on the edge of town in <a href="/wiki/Putteridge_Bury" title="Putteridge Bury">Putteridge Bury</a>, an old <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian</a> manor house. The other campuses of the university are located in <a href="/wiki/Bedford" title="Bedford">Bedford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes" title="Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aylesbury" title="Aylesbury">Aylesbury</a>. </p><p>The town is home to <a href="/wiki/Luton_Sixth_Form_College" title="Luton Sixth Form College">Luton Sixth Form College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barnfield_College" title="Barnfield College">Barnfield College</a>. Both have been awarded Learning & Skills Beacon Status by the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Children,_Schools_and_Families" title="Department for Children, Schools and Families">Department for Children, Schools and Families</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Luton's schools and colleges had also been earmarked for major investment in the government scheme <a href="/wiki/Building_Schools_for_the_Future" title="Building Schools for the Future">Building Schools for the Future</a> programme, which intends to renew and refit buildings in institutes across the country. Luton is in the third wave of this long-term programme with work intending to start in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some schools were rebuilt before the programme was scrapped by the coalition government. </p><p>There are 98 educational institutes in Luton – seven <a href="/wiki/Nursery_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursery school">nurseries</a>, 56 primary schools (9 <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_aided_school" title="Voluntary aided school">voluntary-aided</a>, 2 <a href="/wiki/Special_educational_needs" class="mw-redirect" title="Special educational needs">special requirements</a>), 13 secondary schools (1 voluntary-aided, 1 special requirements), four <a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">further educational institutes</a> and four other educational institutes.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Luton" title="Listed buildings in Luton">Listed buildings in Luton</a></div> <p>The town contains 92 listed buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leisure_and_entertainment">Leisure and entertainment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Leisure and entertainment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Luton_International_Carnival">Luton International Carnival</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Luton International Carnival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Luton_International_Carnival" class="mw-redirect" title="Luton International Carnival">Luton International Carnival</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Luton_International_Carnival" class="mw-redirect" title="Luton International Carnival">Luton International Carnival</a> is the largest one-day <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">carnival</a> in Europe. It usually takes place on the late May Bank Holiday. Crowds can reach 150,000<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on each occasion. </p><p>The procession starts at <a href="/wiki/Wardown_Park" title="Wardown Park">Wardown Park</a> and makes its way down New Bedford Road, around the town centre via St George's Square, back down New Bedford Road and finishes back at Wardown Park. There are music stages and stalls around the town centre and at Wardown Park. </p><p>Luton is home to the UK Centre for Carnival Arts (UKCCA),<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the country's first purpose-built facility of its kind.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Luton_St_Patrick's_Festival"><span id="Luton_St_Patrick.27s_Festival"></span>Luton St Patrick's Festival</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Luton St Patrick's Festival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The festival celebrating the patron saint of Ireland <a href="/wiki/St_Patrick" class="mw-redirect" title="St Patrick">St Patrick</a> and organised by Luton Irish Forum,<sup id="cite_ref-irish-forum_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irish-forum-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is held on the weekend nearest to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">17 March</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its 20th year in 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the festival includes a parade, market stalls and music stands as well as Irish themed events.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Luton_Mela">Luton Mela</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Luton Mela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first Luton <a href="/wiki/Mel%C4%81" title="Melā">Melā</a> took place in August 2000 and has developed into one of the most significant and well attended <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asian</a> cultural events in the eastern region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="City_of_Culture_bid_and_pilot_year">City of Culture bid and pilot year</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: City of Culture bid and pilot year"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luton Council's strategic vision for the Arts, and Cultural and Creative industries includes the plan to bid for City of Culture Status. This plan includes a pilot year with the theme of Peace Riots starting in Spring 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_84-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Events will be published on the Luton.Events website. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre_and_performing_arts">Theatre and performing arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Theatre and performing arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luton is home to the Library Theatre, a 238-seat theatre located on the 3rd floor of the town's Central Library. The theatre's programme consists of local amateur dramatic societies, pantomime, children's theatre (on Saturday mornings) and one night shows of touring theatre companies.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Luton is also home to the Hat Factory, originally as its name suggests, this arts centre was in fact a real hat factory. The Hat Factory is a combined arts venue in the centre of Luton. It opened in 2003 and since then has been the area's main provider of contemporary theatre, dance and music. The venue provides live music, club nights, theatre, dance, films, children's activities, workshops, classes and gallery exhibitions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Newspapers">Newspapers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Newspapers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton_News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luton News (page does not exist)">Luton News</a>, now online as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton_Today&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luton Today (page does not exist)">Luton Today</a>. Former journalists include comedy screenwriter <a href="/wiki/David_Renwick" title="David Renwick">David Renwick</a>, author of <a href="/wiki/One_Foot_in_the_Grave" title="One Foot in the Grave">One Foot in the Grave</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Radio">Radio</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Three_Counties_Radio" title="BBC Three Counties Radio">BBC Three Counties Radio</a>, the local <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> station, broadcasts from its office in Dunstable to <a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire" title="Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a>, Hertfordshire and <a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Diverse FM<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> began broadcasts in April 2007 having been awarded a <a href="/wiki/Community_radio" title="Community radio">community radio</a> licence from <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_LaB" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio LaB">Radio LaB</a> (formerly Luton FM), the university's radio station, began broadcasting full-time in 2010 having been awarded a <a href="/wiki/Community_radio" title="Community radio">community radio</a> licence from <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Television">Television</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Luton is served by London and East Anglia regional variations of the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a>. Television signals are received from either <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_transmitting_station" title="Crystal Palace transmitting station">Crystal Palace</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Heath_transmitting_station" title="Sandy Heath transmitting station">Sandy Heath</a> TV transmitters. However, the local relay transmitter for Luton only broadcast programmes from <a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_attractions">Local attractions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Local attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GOC_Leagrave_to_Harpenden_042_Wardown_Park_House,_Luton_(8558551071).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/GOC_Leagrave_to_Harpenden_042_Wardown_Park_House%2C_Luton_%288558551071%29.jpg/220px-GOC_Leagrave_to_Harpenden_042_Wardown_Park_House%2C_Luton_%288558551071%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/GOC_Leagrave_to_Harpenden_042_Wardown_Park_House%2C_Luton_%288558551071%29.jpg/330px-GOC_Leagrave_to_Harpenden_042_Wardown_Park_House%2C_Luton_%288558551071%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/GOC_Leagrave_to_Harpenden_042_Wardown_Park_House%2C_Luton_%288558551071%29.jpg/440px-GOC_Leagrave_to_Harpenden_042_Wardown_Park_House%2C_Luton_%288558551071%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3602" data-file-height="2879" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wardown_Park_Museum" title="Wardown Park Museum">Wardown Park Museum</a> – one of two museums run by Luton Culture</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunstable_Downs" title="Dunstable Downs">Dunstable Downs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leagrave_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Leagrave Park">Leagrave Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leighton_Buzzard_Light_Railway" title="Leighton Buzzard Light Railway">Leighton Buzzard Light Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hat_Factory" title="The Hat Factory">The Hat Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Hoo" title="Luton Hoo">Luton Hoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Someries_Castle" title="Someries Castle">Someries Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockwood_Discovery_Centre" title="Stockwood Discovery Centre">Stockwood Discovery Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockwood_Park" title="Stockwood Park">Stockwood Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardown_Park" title="Wardown Park">Wardown Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardown_Park_Museum" title="Wardown Park Museum">Wardown Park Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waulud%27s_Bank" title="Waulud's Bank">Waulud's Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whipsnade_Tree_Cathedral" title="Whipsnade Tree Cathedral">Whipsnade Tree Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whipsnade_Zoo" title="Whipsnade Zoo">Whipsnade Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woburn_Safari_Park" title="Woburn Safari Park">Woburn Safari Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodside_Farm_and_Wildfowl_Park" title="Woodside Farm and Wildfowl Park">Woodside Farm and Wildfowl Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrest_Park" title="Wrest Park">Wrest Park</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recreation">Recreation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_open_spaces">Parks and open spaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Parks and open spaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luton has a variety of parks ranging from district parks, neighbourhood parks, local open space and leisure gardens. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brantwood_Park">Brantwood Park</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Brantwood Park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1880s, the land now known as Brantwood Park was an open field on the south side of <a href="/wiki/Dallow" title="Dallow">Dallow</a>. The site was purchased by the Town Council in 1894 for use as a recreation ground and there is reference to it as 'West Ward Recreation Ground' in a 1911-year book. It is reported as being one of the first two recreation grounds in Luton; the other being East Ward Recreation Ground, now known as Manor Park.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kidney_Wood">Kidney Wood</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Kidney Wood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kidney Wood is ancient semi-natural <a href="/wiki/Woodland" title="Woodland">woodland</a> on the southern edge of Luton that has been identified as a County Wildlife Site. The wood was purchased by <a href="/wiki/Luton_Borough_Council" title="Luton Borough Council">Luton Borough Council</a> as an area of public open space. The council seeks to maintain and enhance the nature conservation interest of Kidney Wood, including its habitats while allowing public access for informal recreation including play. Kidney Wood includes a way marked nature trail and play dells. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Memorial_Park">Memorial Park</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Memorial Park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sir Julius Wernher purchased the <a href="/wiki/Luton_Hoo" title="Luton Hoo">Luton Hoo</a> Estate and the Manor of Luton from Madame de Falbe around 1903. He carried out substantial renovation works to the Manor and grounds. On his death in 1912 the estate passed to Lady Ludlow. Lady Ludlow presented the Park to the people of Luton on 12 June 1920, in memory of her son Alex Piggott Werner, who was killed in action during the First World War. The site is officially named Luton Hoo Memorial Park. Council records state that the area was purchased under the Statutory Powers of the Public Health Acts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stockwood_Park">Stockwood Park</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Stockwood Park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stockwoodpark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Stockwoodpark.jpg/220px-Stockwoodpark.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Stockwoodpark.jpg/330px-Stockwoodpark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Stockwoodpark.jpg/440px-Stockwoodpark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stockwood_Park" title="Stockwood Park">Stockwood Park</a>, Luton</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Part_of_the_Mossman_Collection_(1)_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1548315.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Part_of_the_Mossman_Collection_%281%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1548315.jpg/220px-Part_of_the_Mossman_Collection_%281%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1548315.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Part_of_the_Mossman_Collection_%281%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1548315.jpg/330px-Part_of_the_Mossman_Collection_%281%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1548315.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Part_of_the_Mossman_Collection_%281%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1548315.jpg/440px-Part_of_the_Mossman_Collection_%281%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1548315.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Mossman_Collection" title="Mossman Collection">Mossman Collection</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Stockwood_Park" title="Stockwood Park">Stockwood Park</a></div> <p>Stockwood Park is a large municipal park near Junction 10 of the <a href="/wiki/M1_motorway" title="M1 motorway">M1</a>. Located in the park is <a href="/wiki/Stockwood_Discovery_Centre" title="Stockwood Discovery Centre">Stockwood Discovery Centre</a>, a free museum that houses Luton local social history, archaeology and geology. The collection of rural crafts and trades held at Stockwood Discovery Centre was amassed by Thomas Wyatt Bagshawe, who was a notable local historian and a leading authority on folk life. The park has an athletics track, an 18-hole golf course, several rugby and football pitches and areas of open space. Stockwood park is also home to stockwood park RFC, a local amateur rugby team. The park was originally the estate and grounds to Stockwood house, which was demolished in 1964. The museum includes the <a href="/wiki/Mossman_Collection" title="Mossman Collection">Mossman Collection</a> of horse-drawn vehicles, which is the largest and most significant vehicle collection of its kind in the country, including originals from the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wardown_Park">Wardown Park</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Wardown Park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daisy-Chain-Walk-standard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Daisy-Chain-Walk-standard.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="133" /></a><figcaption>The Daisy-Chain Wall in <a href="/wiki/Wardown_Park" title="Wardown Park">Wardown Park</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wardown_Park" title="Wardown Park">Wardown Park</a></div> <p>Wardown Park is situated on the <a href="/wiki/River_Lee_(England)" class="mw-redirect" title="River Lee (England)">River Lea</a> in Luton. The park has sporting facilities, is home to the <a href="/wiki/Wardown_Park_Museum" title="Wardown Park Museum">Wardown Park Museum</a> and contains formal gardens. The park is located between <i>Old Bedford Road</i> and the <a href="/wiki/A6_road_(England)" title="A6 road (England)">A6</a>, <i>New Bedford Road</i> and is within walking distance of the town centre.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The park houses Wardown House Museum and Gallery, previously known as Luton Museum and Art Gallery, in a large Victorian mansion. The museum collection focuses on the traditional crafts and industry of Luton and Bedfordshire, notably <a href="/wiki/Lace" title="Lace">lace</a> making and <a href="/wiki/Hatmaking" title="Hatmaking">hatmaking</a>. There are samples of local lace from as early as the 17th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shopping">Shopping</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Shopping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Luton" title="Special:EditPage/Luton">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luton_Mall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Luton_Mall.jpg/220px-Luton_Mall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Luton_Mall.jpg/330px-Luton_Mall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Luton_Mall.jpg/440px-Luton_Mall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Mall_Luton" class="mw-redirect" title="The Mall Luton">The Mall Luton</a>, the main shopping destination in Luton's town centre.</figcaption></figure> <p>The main shopping area in Luton is centred on <a href="/wiki/The_Mall_Luton" class="mw-redirect" title="The Mall Luton">the Mall Luton</a>. Built in the 1960s/1970s and opened as an <a href="/wiki/Arndale_Centres" class="mw-redirect" title="Arndale Centres">Arndale Centre</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> construction of the shopping centre led to the demolition of a number of the older buildings in the town centre, including the Plait Halls (a Victorian covered market building with an iron and glass roof). Shops and businesses in the remaining streets, particularly in the roads around Cheapside and in High Town, have been in decline ever since. George Street, on the south side of the Arndale, was pedestrianised in the 1990s. </p><p>The shopping centre had some construction and re-design work done to it over the 2011/12 period, with a new square built to be used for leisure events, as well as a number of new food restaurants. Contained within the main shopping centre is the market, which contains butchers, fishmongers, fruit and veg, hairdressers, tattoo parlours, ice cream, a flower stall, T-shirt printing and the market's original sewing shop for clothes alterations and repairs as well as eating places.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another major shopping area is <a href="/wiki/Bury_Park" title="Bury Park">Bury Park</a> where there are shops catering to Luton's ethnic minorities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kenilworth_Stand_at_Kenilworth_Road,_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kenilworth_Stand_at_Kenilworth_Road%2C_2006.jpg/220px-Kenilworth_Stand_at_Kenilworth_Road%2C_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kenilworth_Stand_at_Kenilworth_Road%2C_2006.jpg/330px-Kenilworth_Stand_at_Kenilworth_Road%2C_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kenilworth_Stand_at_Kenilworth_Road%2C_2006.jpg/440px-Kenilworth_Stand_at_Kenilworth_Road%2C_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Kenilworth Stand at <a href="/wiki/Kenilworth_Road" title="Kenilworth Road">Kenilworth Road</a>, home to <a href="/wiki/Luton_Town_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Luton Town FC">Luton Town Football Club</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Bedfordshire" title="Sport in Bedfordshire">Sport in Bedfordshire</a></div> <p>Luton has a wide range of sports clubs. It is the home town of <a href="/wiki/Luton_Town_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Luton Town FC">Luton Town Football Club</a> which in May 2023 achieved promotion to the English <a href="/wiki/Premier_League" title="Premier League">Premier League</a> for the first time in their history<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which also includes several spells in the top flight of the English league as well as a <a href="/wiki/EFL_Cup" title="EFL Cup">League Cup</a> triumph in <a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%9388_Football_League_Cup" title="1987–88 Football League Cup">1988</a>. They play at <a href="/wiki/Kenilworth_Road" title="Kenilworth Road">Kenilworth Road</a>, their home since 1905, with a new larger capacity stadium known as <a href="/wiki/Power_Court_Stadium" title="Power Court Stadium">Power Court</a> under construction.<sup id="cite_ref-new-stadium_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new-stadium-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their nickname, 'The Hatters', dates back to when Luton had a substantial <a href="/wiki/Hatmaking" title="Hatmaking">millinery</a> industry, and their logo is based on the town's coat of arms. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire_County_Cricket_Club" title="Bedfordshire County Cricket Club">Bedfordshire County Cricket Club</a> is based at Wardown Park and is one of the <a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">county</a> clubs which make up the <a href="/wiki/Minor_counties_of_English_cricket" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor counties of English cricket">Minor Counties</a> in the English domestic <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> structure, representing the historic county of Bedfordshire. <a href="/wiki/Luton_Rugby_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Luton Rugby Club">Luton Rugby Club</a> are a local <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> club based on Newlands Road, by the <a href="/wiki/M1_motorway" title="M1 motorway">M1 motorway</a> just outside <a href="/wiki/Stockwood_Park" title="Stockwood Park">Stockwood Park</a>, who play in <a href="/wiki/London_1_North" title="London 1 North">London 1 North</a>. <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_speedway" title="Motorcycle speedway">Speedway</a> racing was once staged at <a href="/wiki/Luton_Stadium" title="Luton Stadium">Luton Stadium</a> from 1934 to 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns">Twin towns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Twin towns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luton participates in international <a href="/wiki/Town_twinning" class="mw-redirect" title="Town twinning">town twinning</a>; its partners<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th colspan="2">Place </th> <th colspan="2">State/Region </th> <th>Date </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Bergisch_Gladbach_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/DEU_Bergisch_Gladbach_COA.svg/25px-DEU_Bergisch_Gladbach_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/DEU_Bergisch_Gladbach_COA.svg/38px-DEU_Bergisch_Gladbach_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/DEU_Bergisch_Gladbach_COA.svg/50px-DEU_Bergisch_Gladbach_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="496" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Bergisch_Gladbach" title="Bergisch Gladbach">Bergisch Gladbach</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/25px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/38px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="532" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></i> </td> <td>1956 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Bourgoin_Jallieu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Blason_Bourgoin_Jallieu.svg/25px-Blason_Bourgoin_Jallieu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Blason_Bourgoin_Jallieu.svg/38px-Blason_Bourgoin_Jallieu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Blason_Bourgoin_Jallieu.svg/50px-Blason_Bourgoin_Jallieu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Bourgoin-Jallieu" title="Bourgoin-Jallieu">Bourgoin-Jallieu</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg/25px-Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg/38px-Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg/50px-Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a></i> </td> <td>1956 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eskilstuna_vapen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Eskilstuna_vapen.svg/25px-Eskilstuna_vapen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Eskilstuna_vapen.svg/38px-Eskilstuna_vapen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Eskilstuna_vapen.svg/50px-Eskilstuna_vapen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="304" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Eskilstuna" title="Eskilstuna">Eskilstuna</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%B6dermanland_vapen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/S%C3%B6dermanland_vapen.svg/25px-S%C3%B6dermanland_vapen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/S%C3%B6dermanland_vapen.svg/38px-S%C3%B6dermanland_vapen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/S%C3%B6dermanland_vapen.svg/50px-S%C3%B6dermanland_vapen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="304" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6dermanland" title="Södermanland">Södermanland</a></i> </td> <td>1949 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Spandau.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Spandau.svg/25px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Spandau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Spandau.svg/38px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Spandau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Spandau.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_borough_Spandau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="572" data-file-height="846" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>-<a href="/wiki/Spandau" title="Spandau">Spandau</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Berlin_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DEU_Berlin_COA.svg/25px-DEU_Berlin_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DEU_Berlin_COA.svg/38px-DEU_Berlin_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/DEU_Berlin_COA.svg/50px-DEU_Berlin_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="739" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></i> </td> <td>1959 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Wolfsburg_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/DEU_Wolfsburg_COA.svg/25px-DEU_Wolfsburg_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/DEU_Wolfsburg_COA.svg/38px-DEU_Wolfsburg_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/DEU_Wolfsburg_COA.svg/50px-DEU_Wolfsburg_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="554" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wolfsburg" title="Wolfsburg">Wolfsburg</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/25px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/38px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lower_Saxony.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="680" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></i> </td> <td>1950 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>People who were born in Luton or are associated with the town. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_birth">By birth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: By birth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Abrahams" title="Mick Abrahams">Mick Abrahams</a>, guitarist for <a href="/wiki/Jethro_Tull_(band)" title="Jethro Tull (band)">Jethro Tull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshi_Anderson" title="Keshi Anderson">Keshi Anderson</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Arnold" title="David Arnold">David Arnold</a>, composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Atack" title="Emily Atack">Emily Atack</a>, actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Badham" title="John Badham">John Badham</a>, film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Baker_(footballer)" title="Lewis Baker (footballer)">Lewis Baker</a>, footballer<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Barker_(artist,_born_1940)" title="Clive Barker (artist, born 1940)">Clive Barker</a>, sculptor and artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Barnbrook" title="Jonathan Barnbrook">Jonathan Barnbrook</a>, graphic designer and typographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Bassett" title="Josh Bassett">Josh Bassett</a>, rugby player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Blackwell" title="Kevin Blackwell">Kevin Blackwell</a>, goalkeeper and football manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Brill" title="Dean Brill">Dean Brill</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bronson_(prisoner)" title="Charles Bronson (prisoner)">Charles Bronson</a>, born Michael Peterson, prisoner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Brown_(footballer,_born_1874)" title="William Brown (footballer, born 1874)">William Brown</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Bunker" title="Clive Bunker">Clive Bunker</a>, drummer for <a href="/wiki/Jethro_Tull_(band)" title="Jethro Tull (band)">Jethro Tull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Cannon" title="Danny Cannon">Danny Cannon</a>, screenwriter, director and producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Anthony_Coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerald Anthony Coles">Gerald Anthony Coles</a>, artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natasha_Collins" title="Natasha Collins">Natasha Collins</a>, actress and television presenter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Day" title="Andy Day">Andy Day</a>, television presenter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Dillon" title="Steve Dillon">Steve Dillon</a>, comic artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry_Dixon" title="Kerry Dixon">Kerry Dixon</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stacey_Dooley" title="Stacey Dooley">Stacey Dooley</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-brown_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brown-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> journalist, television presenter and <i><a href="/wiki/Strictly_Come_Dancing_(series_16)" class="mw-redirect" title="Strictly Come Dancing (series 16)">Strictly Come Dancing</a></i> winner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Edwards" title="Jamal Edwards">Jamal Edwards</a>, entrepreneur, author, director, DJ and founder of <a href="/wiki/SB.TV" title="SB.TV">SB.TV</a><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(English_footballer)" title="Jonathan Edwards (English footballer)">Jonathan Edwards</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Foley_(footballer,_born_1984)" title="Kevin Foley (footballer, born 1984)">Kevin Foley</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Gallagher_(actor)" title="Sean Gallagher (actor)">Sean Gallagher</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_George" title="Liam George">Liam George</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hagan_(sailor)" title="John Hagan (sailor)">John Hagan</a>, 8th <a href="/wiki/Master_Chief_Petty_Officer_of_the_Navy" title="Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy">master chief petty officer</a>, US Navy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hailey" title="Arthur Hailey">Arthur Hailey</a>, novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadiya_Hussain" title="Nadiya Hussain">Nadiya Hussain</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_British_Bake_Off_(series_6)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great British Bake Off (series 6)">The Great British Bake Off</a></i> winner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Jackson" title="Neil Jackson">Neil Jackson</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharna_Jackson" title="Sharna Jackson">Sharna Jackson</a>, children's writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Justin" title="James Justin">James Justin</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Kelman" title="Stephen Kelman">Stephen Kelman</a>, novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Lewis_(footballer)" title="Jamal Lewis (footballer)">Jamal Lewis</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Lewis-Evans" title="Stuart Lewis-Evans">Stuart Lewis-Evans</a>, Formula One driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Maguire_(footballer)" title="Sean Maguire (footballer)">Sean Maguire</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Mander" title="Frederick Mander">Frederick Mander</a>, General Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Teachers" title="National Union of Teachers">NUT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarfraz_Manzoor" title="Sarfraz Manzoor">Sarfraz Manzoor</a>, journalist and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Moody" title="Herbert Moody">Herbert Moody</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monty_Panesar" title="Monty Panesar">Monty Panesar</a>, cricketer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Price_(English_cricketer)" title="David Price (English cricketer)">David Price</a>, cricketer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Read" title="Phil Read">Phil Read</a>, motorcycle racer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Renwick" title="David Renwick">David Renwick</a>, scriptwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stu_Riddle" title="Stu Riddle">Stu Riddle</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Robinson" title="Tommy Robinson">Tommy Robinson</a>, born Stephen Yaxley-Lennon, political activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Ross_(actor)" title="Lee Ross (actor)">Lee Ross</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Schwer" title="Billy Schwer">Billy Schwer</a>, boxer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Selway" title="Andy Selway">Andy Selway</a>, drummer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Simpson" title="Junior Simpson">Junior Simpson</a>, comedian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Sinha" title="Paul Sinha">Paul Sinha</a>, comedian and quizzer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zena_Skinner" title="Zena Skinner">Zena Skinner</a>, television chef and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myles_Smith" title="Myles Smith">Myles Smith</a>, singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_M_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Steven M Smith">Steven M Smith</a>, biologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Smith_(cricketer)" title="Will Smith (cricketer)">Will Smith</a>, cricketer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Stoten" title="David Stoten">David Stoten</a>, storyboard artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Thomas_(karateka)" title="Jordan Thomas (karateka)">Jordan Thomas</a>, World and European karate champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Titchner" title="Mark Titchner">Mark Titchner</a>, artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Decay" title="UK Decay">UK Decay</a>, band</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wiseman" title="Richard Wiseman">Richard Wiseman</a>, psychologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Woolford" title="Jamie Woolford">Jamie Woolford</a>, rock musician for <a href="/wiki/The_Stereo" title="The Stereo">The Stereo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animal_Chin" title="Animal Chin">Animal Chin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Let_Go_(band)" title="Let Go (band)">Let Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Young" title="Paul Young">Paul Young</a>, pop rock singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuby" title="Zuby">Zuby</a>, rapper</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_association">By association</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: By association"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Bewes" title="Rodney Bewes">Rodney Bewes</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_Chaudry" title="Mo Chaudry">Mo Chaudry</a>, entrepreneur</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Dors" title="Diana Dors">Diana Dors</a>, actress<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Dury" title="Ian Dury">Ian Dury</a>, singer<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hegley" title="John Hegley">John Hegley</a>, poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilda_Hewlett" title="Hilda Hewlett">Hilda Hewlett</a>, UK's first licensed woman pilot</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Jeffreys" title="Alec Jeffreys">Alec Jeffreys</a>, geneticist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarfraz_Manzoor" title="Sarfraz Manzoor">Sarfraz Manzoor</a>, author and columnist, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Morecambe" title="Eric Morecambe">Eric Morecambe</a>, entertainer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Price_(artist)" title="Elizabeth Price (artist)">Elizabeth Price</a>, artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Salmon" title="Colin Salmon">Colin Salmon</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Tate" title="Andrew Tate">Andrew Tate</a>, British-American ex-kickboxer and Internet personality</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freedom_of_the_Borough">Freedom of the Borough</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Freedom of the Borough"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following people and military units have received the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom of the Borough</a> of Luton. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individuals">Individuals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Individuals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Still_(footballer)" title="John Still (footballer)">John Still</a>: 15 January 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-Still_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Still-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_McKenzie,_Baron_McKenzie_of_Luton" title="Bill McKenzie, Baron McKenzie of Luton">Bill McKenzie, Baron McKenzie of Luton</a>: 15 January 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-Still_124-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Still-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Viv Dunnington: 15 January 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-Still_124-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Still-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/48px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/64px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England portal</a></span></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Luton" title="List of places in Luton">List of places in Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Luton" title="List of schools in Luton">List of schools in Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unitary_authorities_of_England" title="List of unitary authorities of England">List of unitary authorities of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of urban areas in the United Kingdom">List of urban areas in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Luton" title="Demographics of Luton">Demographics of Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Luton" title="Economy of Luton">Economy of Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Luton" title="History of Luton">History of Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_in_Luton" title="Politics in Luton">Politics in Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Luton" title="Transport in Luton">Transport in Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_power_station" title="Luton power station">Luton power station</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Like most long-held UK events on this date, before 1972, it was held during the Christian moving feast and discretionary holiday of <a href="/wiki/Whitsuntide" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitsuntide">Whitsuntide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a>) exactly seven weeks after Easter, in this case usually on the Monday</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GOC_Leagrave_to_Harpenden_053_Luton_Coat_of_Arms_(8562865418).jpg" class="extiw" title="commons:File:GOC Leagrave to Harpenden 053 Luton Coat of Arms (8562865418).jpg">Relief of Luton's coat of arms and motto</a> on the gate of Wardown Park</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coatofarms-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-coatofarms_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coatofarms_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heraldry-wiki.com/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Luton">"Luton – Coat of arms (crest) of Luton"</a>. <i>Heraldry-wiki.com</i>. 12 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heraldry-wiki.com&rft.atitle=Luton+%E2%80%93+Coat+of+arms+%28crest%29+of+Luton&rft.date=2022-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldry-wiki.com%2Fheraldrywiki%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DLuton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-strawhatboom-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-strawhatboom_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015082614/http://www.lutonculture.com/uploads/documents/1333365807_LStrawhatboom.pdf"><i>Luton: Straw Hat Boom Town</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Luton Cultural Services Trust. 2011. p. 9. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lutonculture.com/uploads/documents/1333365807_LStrawhatboom.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2019</span>. <q>The aspiration contained in its motto: Scientiae et labori detur (May it be given to skill and industry)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luton%3A+Straw+Hat+Boom+Town&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Luton+Cultural+Services+Trust&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lutonculture.com%2Fuploads%2Fdocuments%2F1333365807_LStrawhatboom.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_England#Councillors_and_mayors" title="Local government in England">Leadership</a>=Mayor & Cabinet</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LLA-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LLA_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LLA_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_2021E06000032" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">UK Census</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2021/report?compare=E06000032">"2021 Census Area Profile – Luton Local Authority (E06000032)"</a>. <i>Nomis</i>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom)">Office for National Statistics</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nomis&rft.atitle=2021+Census+Area+Profile+%E2%80%93+Luton+Local+Authority+%28E06000032%29&rft.date=2021&rft.au=UK+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fsources%2Fcensus_2021%2Freport%3Fcompare%3DE06000032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021_Nomis-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Nomis_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Nomis_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Nomis_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Nomis_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Nomis_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_2021E06000032" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">UK Census</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2021/report?compare=E06000032">"2021 Census Area Profile – Luton Local Authority (E06000032)"</a>. <i>Nomis</i>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom)">Office for National Statistics</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nomis&rft.atitle=2021+Census+Area+Profile+%E2%80%93+Luton+Local+Authority+%28E06000032%29&rft.date=2021&rft.au=UK+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fsources%2Fcensus_2021%2Freport%3Fcompare%3DE06000032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/luton?showCookiePolicy=true">"Luton"</a>. Collins Dictionary. n.d<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Luton+Today&rft.atitle=Knowing+where+you+want+to+end+before+you+start...&rft.date=2011-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bedfordtoday.co.uk%2Farts-and-culture%2Fknowing-where-you-want-to-end-before-you-start-2395999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-beds-bucks-herts-12424116">"BBC Three Counties Radio"</a>. BBC News. 10 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BBC+Three+Counties+Radio&rft.date=2011-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-beds-bucks-herts-12424116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diversefm.com">"Diverse FM"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Diverse+FM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diversefm.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Luton">"Luton (Luton, England) Freeview Light transmitter"</a>. May 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Luton+%28Luton%2C+England%29+Freeview+Light+transmitter&rft.date=2004-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fukfree.tv%2Ftransmitters%2Ftv%2FLuton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.luton.gov.uk/Page/error?errormessage=Page%20not%20found">"Error"</a>. <i>m.luton.gov.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=m.luton.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Error&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.luton.gov.uk%2FPage%2Ferror%3Ferrormessage%3DPage%2520not%2520found&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070209180317/http://www.luton.gov.uk/internet/Leisure_and_culture/Museums_and_galleries/Wardown%20Park">"Luton Council website"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.luton.gov.uk/internet/Leisure_and_culture/Museums_and_galleries/Wardown%20Park">the original</a> on 9 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Luton+Council+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.luton.gov.uk%2Finternet%2FLeisure_and_culture%2FMuseums_and_galleries%2FWardown%2520Park&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eafa.org.uk/catalogue/6621">"As We Were – Luton 1926-1976"</a>. <i>East Anglian Film Archive</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=East+Anglian+Film+Archive&rft.atitle=As+We+Were+%E2%80%93+Luton+1926-1976&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eafa.org.uk%2Fcatalogue%2F6621&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lutonindoormarket.co.uk/index.php/shop-and-eat/">"Shop & Eat | Luton Indoor Market"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shop+%26+Eat+%7C+Luton+Indoor+Market&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flutonindoormarket.co.uk%2Findex.php%2Fshop-and-eat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/championship-play-off-final-luton-beat-coventry-on-penalties-to-win-promotion-to-premier-league-for-first-time-ever-12890811">"Championship play-off final: Luton beat Coventry on penalties to win promotion to Premier League for first time ever"</a>. Sky News. 28 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Championship+play-off+final%3A+Luton+beat+Coventry+on+penalties+to+win+promotion+to+Premier+League+for+first+time+ever&rft.pub=Sky+News&rft.date=2023-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fchampionship-play-off-final-luton-beat-coventry-on-penalties-to-win-promotion-to-premier-league-for-first-time-ever-12890811&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defunctspeedway.co.uk/Luton.htm">"Luton"</a>. <i>Defunctspeedway.co.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Defunctspeedway.co.uk&rft.atitle=Luton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defunctspeedway.co.uk%2FLuton.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.luton.gov.uk/Leisure_and_culture/Tourism/Pages/Town%20twinning.aspx">"Town Twinning – Luton Council"</a>. Luton Borough Council.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Town+Twinning+%E2%80%93+Luton+Council&rft.pub=Luton+Borough+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.luton.gov.uk%2FLeisure_and_culture%2FTourism%2FPages%2FTown%2520twinning.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bergischgladbach.de/staedtepartnerschaften.aspx">"Städtepartnerschaften – Stadt Bergisch Gladbach"</a>. <i>Bergischgladbach.de</i> (in German).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bergischgladbach.de&rft.atitle=St%C3%A4dtepartnerschaften+%E2%80%93+Stadt+Bergisch+Gladbach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bergischgladbach.de%2Fstaedtepartnerschaften.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns">"British towns twinned with French towns"</a>. <i>Archant Community Media Ltd</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archant+Community+Media+Ltd&rft.atitle=British+towns+twinned+with+French+towns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.completefrance.com%2Flanguage-culture%2Ftwin-towns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eskilstuna.se/kommun-och-politik/internationellt/vanorter.html">"Vänorter – Eskilstuna kommun"</a>. <i>Eskilstuna.se</i> (in Swedish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eskilstuna.se&rft.atitle=V%C3%A4norter+%E2%80%93+Eskilstuna+kommun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eskilstuna.se%2Fkommun-och-politik%2Finternationellt%2Fvanorter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.berlin.de/ba-spandau/ueber-den-bezirk/partnerstaedte/">"Städtepartnerschaften des Bezirks Spandau"</a>. <i>Berlin.de</i> (in German). 3 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Berlin.de&rft.atitle=St%C3%A4dtepartnerschaften+des+Bezirks+Spandau&rft.date=2020-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Fba-spandau%2Fueber-den-bezirk%2Fpartnerstaedte%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chelseafc.com/en/teams/on-loan-players/lewis-baker">"Lewis Baker"</a>. Chelsea Football Club<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lewis+Baker&rft.pub=Chelsea+Football+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chelseafc.com%2Fen%2Fteams%2Fon-loan-players%2Flewis-baker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brown-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-brown_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.curtisbrown.co.uk/client/stacey-dooley">"Agency biography"</a>. <i>Curtis Brown</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Curtis+Brown&rft.atitle=Agency+biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.curtisbrown.co.uk%2Fclient%2Fstacey-dooley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorSnowdon2022" class="citation web cs1">O'Connor, Mary; Snowdon, Kathryn (20 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-60457063">"Jamal Edwards, music entrepreneur and Youtube star, dies aged 31"</a>. BBC News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jamal+Edwards%2C+music+entrepreneur+and+Youtube+star%2C+dies+aged+31&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2022-02-20&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.au=Snowdon%2C+Kathryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-60457063&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bedsarchives.bedford.gov.uk/CommunityArchives/Luton/LicensedinLuton/The-English-Rose-Public-House-Luton.aspx">"The English Rose Public House Luton"</a>. Bedford Borough Council. 21 June 2019. <q>During the 1950s a regular visitor was actress Diana Dors, whose first husband Dennis Hamilton was the son of landlord Stanley Gittins. She is said to have served behind the bar in the pub on a number of occasions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+English+Rose+Public+House+Luton&rft.pub=Bedford+Borough+Council&rft.date=2019-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbedsarchives.bedford.gov.uk%2FCommunityArchives%2FLuton%2FLicensedinLuton%2FThe-English-Rose-Public-House-Luton.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iandury.com/Biography/">"Ian Dury – A brief biography"</a>. <q>Ian found part-time work as an Art teacher at Luton College of Further Technology</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ian+Dury+%E2%80%93+A+brief+biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iandury.com%2FBiography%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Still-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Still_124-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Still_124-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Still_124-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-beds-bucks-herts-30827083">"Luton manager John Still gets freedom of town"</a>. BBC News Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire. 15 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Luton+manager+John+Still+gets+freedom+of+town&rft.pub=BBC+News+Bedfordshire%2C+Hertfordshire+and+Buckinghamshire&rft.date=2015-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-beds-bucks-herts-30827083&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDyerStygallDony1964" class="citation book cs1">Dyer, James; Stygall, Frank; Dony, John (1964). <i>The Story of Luton</i>. Luton: White Crescent Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Luton&rft.place=Luton&rft.pub=White+Crescent+Press&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Dyer&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Stygall%2C+Frank&rft.au=Dony%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuton" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luton&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/luton" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/luton">luton</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the 1921 <i><a href="/wiki/Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's Encyclopedia">Collier's Encyclopedia</a></i> article <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Collier%27s_New_Encyclopedia_(1921)/Luton" class="extiw" title="s:Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Luton">Luton</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Luton" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Luton">Luton</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Luton#Q203889" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Luton">Luton</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opendomesday.org/place/TL0821/luton/">Luton</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.luton.gov.uk">Luton Borough Council</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bedfordshire.police.uk">Bedfordshire Police</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bedsfire.gov.uk">Bedfordshire Fire and Rescue</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ldh.nhs.uk">Luton and Dunstable</a> – major local hospital</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lutontoday.co.uk">Luton Today</a> – local news</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lutonculture.com">Luton Culture</a> – charity which manages museums and various events</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lutontown.co.uk">Luton Town F.C.</a> – local <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> team</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Luton24" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Luton</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes" title="Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bedford" title="Bedford">Bedford</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hitchin" title="Hitchin">Hitchin</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Dunstable" title="Dunstable">Dunstable</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Luton</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Stevenage" title="Stevenage">Stevenage</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Berkhamsted" title="Berkhamsted">Berkhamsted</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hemel_Hempstead" title="Hemel Hempstead">Hemel Hempstead</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harpenden" title="Harpenden">Harpenden</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Luton879" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Luton" title="Template:Luton"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Luton" title="Template talk:Luton"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Luton" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Luton"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Luton879" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luton</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Luton" title="Demographics of Luton">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Luton" title="Economy of Luton">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Luton" title="History of Luton">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Luton" title="Listed buildings in Luton">Listed buildings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Luton" title="List of places in Luton">Places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LU_postcode_area" title="LU postcode area">LU postcode area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton/Dunstable_urban_area" title="Luton/Dunstable urban area">Luton/Dunstable urban area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunstable" title="Dunstable">Dunstable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houghton_Regis" title="Houghton Regis">Houghton Regis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wards_of_Luton" title="Category:Wards of Luton">Wards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnfield,_Luton" title="Barnfield, Luton">Barnfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscot" title="Biscot">Biscot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramingham" title="Bramingham">Bramingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challney" title="Challney">Challney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawley_Green" title="Crawley Green">Crawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farley_Hill,_Luton" title="Farley Hill, Luton">Farley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallow" title="Dallow">Dallow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Town,_Luton" title="High Town, Luton">High Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icknield" title="Icknield">Icknield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leagrave" title="Leagrave">Leagrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewsey" title="Lewsey">Lewsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbury" title="Limbury">Limbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwell,_Luton" title="Northwell, Luton">Northwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Green" title="Round Green">Round Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints,_Luton" title="Saints, Luton">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South,_Luton" title="South, Luton">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stopsley" title="Stopsley">Stopsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundon_Park" title="Sundon Park">Sundon Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigmore,_Luton" title="Wigmore, Luton">Wigmore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Areas_of_Luton" title="Category:Areas of Luton">Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushmead" title="Bushmead">Bushmead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bury_Park" title="Bury Park">Bury Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfield_Green" title="Butterfield Green">Butterfield Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_Langley" title="Chapel Langley">Chapel Langley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hart_Hill,_Luton" title="Hart Hill, Luton">Hart Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockwell_Ring" title="Hockwell Ring">Hockwell Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewsey_Farm" title="Lewsey Farm">Lewsey Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewsey_Park" title="Lewsey Park">Lewsey Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maidenhall,_Luton" title="Maidenhall, Luton">Maidenhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsh_Farm" title="Marsh Farm">Marsh Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napier_Park" title="Napier Park">Napier Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Town,_Luton" title="New Town, Luton">New Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Town,_Luton" title="Park Town, Luton">Park Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putteridge" title="Putteridge">Putteridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramridge_End" title="Ramridge End">Ramridge End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runfold,_Luton" title="Runfold, Luton">Runfold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skimpot" title="Skimpot">Skimpot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin_Town,_Luton" title="Tin Town, Luton">Tin Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tophill,_Luton" title="Tophill, Luton">Tophill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Park,_Luton" title="Vauxhall Park, Luton">Vauxhall Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warden_Hill,_Luton" title="Warden Hill, Luton">Warden Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luton_Council_Logo,_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luton Council logo"><img alt="Luton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Luton_Council_Logo%2C_2016.svg/100px-Luton_Council_Logo%2C_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Luton_Council_Logo%2C_2016.svg/150px-Luton_Council_Logo%2C_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Luton_Council_Logo%2C_2016.svg/200px-Luton_Council_Logo%2C_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1039" data-file-height="405" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Amenities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Luton" title="List of churches in Luton">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Bedfordshire Fire and Rescue Service">Fire and Rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_and_Dunstable_University_Hospital" title="Luton and Dunstable University Hospital">Luton and Dunstable Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mall_Luton" class="mw-redirect" title="The Mall Luton">The Mall Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockwood_Park" title="Stockwood Park">Stockwood Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardown_Park" title="Wardown Park">Wardown Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture<br />& <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Bedfordshire" title="Sport in Bedfordshire">sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exodus_Collective" title="Exodus Collective">Exodus Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hat_Factory" title="The Hat Factory">The Hat Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Carnival" title="Luton Carnival">Luton Carnival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Hoo" title="Luton Hoo">Luton Hoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Town_F.C." title="Luton Town F.C.">Luton Town F.C.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Luton_Town_F.C." title="History of Luton Town F.C.">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenilworth_Road" title="Kenilworth Road">Kenilworth Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Court_Stadium_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Power Court Stadium Project">Power Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Rugby_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Luton Rugby Club">Rugby Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockwood_Discovery_Centre" title="Stockwood Discovery Centre">Stockwood Discovery Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardown_Park_Museum" title="Wardown Park Museum">Wardown Park Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Luton" title="List of schools in Luton">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secondary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Newman_Catholic_School" title="Cardinal Newman Catholic School">Cardinal Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Chalk_Hills_Academy" title="The Chalk Hills Academy">Chalk Hills Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challney_High_School_for_Boys" title="Challney High School for Boys">Challney Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challney_High_School_for_Girls" title="Challney High School for Girls">Challney Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denbigh_High_School,_Luton" title="Denbigh High School, Luton">Denbigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icknield_High_School" title="Icknield High School">Icknield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lea_Manor_High_School" title="Lea Manor High School">Lea Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lealands_High_School" title="Lealands High School">Lealands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putteridge_High_School" title="Putteridge High School">Putteridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_School,_Luton" title="Queen Elizabeth School, Luton">Queen Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabia_School" title="Rabia School">Rabia School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockwood_Park_Academy" title="Stockwood Park Academy">Stockwood Park Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stopsley_High_School" title="Stopsley High School">Stopsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlands_Secondary_School,_Luton" title="Woodlands Secondary School, Luton">Woodlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_England#Post-16_education" title="Education in England">Tertiary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnfield_College" title="Barnfield College">Barnfield College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire_College" title="Central Bedfordshire College">Central Bedfordshire College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Sixth_Form_College" title="Luton Sixth Form College">Luton Sixth Form College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bedfordshire" title="University of Bedfordshire">University of Bedfordshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_in_Luton" title="Politics in Luton">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Borough_Council_elections" title="Luton Borough Council elections">Council elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Borough_Council" title="Luton Borough Council">Luton Borough Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Luton North (UK Parliament constituency)">Luton North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_South_and_South_Bedfordshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Luton South and South Bedfordshire (UK Parliament constituency)">Luton South and South Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Town_Hall" title="Luton Town Hall">Luton Town Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Luton" title="Transport in Luton">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leagrave_railway_station" title="Leagrave railway station">Leagrave railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Airport" title="Luton Airport">Luton Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Airport_Parkway_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Luton Airport Parkway railway station">Luton Airport Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_DART" title="Luton DART">Luton DART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_railway_station" title="Luton railway station">Luton railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_to_Dunstable_Busway" title="Luton to Dunstable Busway">Luton to Dunstable Busway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Three_Counties_Radio" title="BBC Three Counties Radio">BBC 3 Counties Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_East" title="Heart East">Heart East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_LaB_97.1FM" title="Radio LaB 97.1FM">Radio LaB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Luton" title="Category:Luton"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Luton Category">Category</span></a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> </span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Luton" class="extiw" title="c:Luton"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Images of Luton on Wikimedia Commons">Commons</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ceremonial_county_of_Bedfordshire278" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bedfordshire" title="Template:Bedfordshire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bedfordshire" title="Template talk:Bedfordshire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bedfordshire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bedfordshire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ceremonial_county_of_Bedfordshire278" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></span> of <span class="fn org region"><a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire" title="Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unitary authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Bedford" title="Borough of Bedford">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire" title="Central Bedfordshire">Central Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements<br />(cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ampthill" title="Ampthill">Ampthill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlesey" title="Arlesey">Arlesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford" title="Bedford">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biggleswade" title="Biggleswade">Biggleswade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunstable" title="Dunstable">Dunstable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flitwick" title="Flitwick">Flitwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houghton_Regis" title="Houghton Regis">Houghton Regis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempston" title="Kempston">Kempston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leighton_Buzzard" title="Leighton Buzzard">Leighton Buzzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linslade" title="Linslade">Linslade</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potton" title="Potton">Potton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy,_Bedfordshire" title="Sandy, Bedfordshire">Sandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shefford,_Bedfordshire" title="Shefford, Bedfordshire">Shefford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stotfold" title="Stotfold">Stotfold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wixams" title="Wixams">Wixams</a><br /><i>See also:</i> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Bedfordshire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of civil parishes in Bedfordshire">List of civil parishes in Bedfordshire</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Country_houses_in_Bedfordshire" title="Category:Country houses in Bedfordshire">Country houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bedfordshire" title="Flag of Bedfordshire">County flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Bedfordshire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Grade I listed buildings in Bedfordshire">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Bedfordshire" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Bedfordshire">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Bedfordshire" title="High Sheriff of Bedfordshire">High Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bedfordshire" title="History of Bedfordshire">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Bedfordshire" title="Lord Lieutenant of Bedfordshire">Lord Lieutenants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Bedfordshire" title="List of museums in Bedfordshire">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Bedfordshire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Bedfordshire">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Bedfordshire" title="List of places in Bedfordshire">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Bedfordshire" title="Sport in Bedfordshire">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Bedfordshire" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Bedfordshire">SSSIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Bedfordshire" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Bedfordshire">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unitary_authorities_of_England56" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Template:Unitary authorities of England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Template talk:Unitary authorities of England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unitary authorities of England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unitary_authorities_of_England56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authorities of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath_and_North_East_Somerset" title="Bath and North East Somerset">Bath and North East Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Bedford" title="Borough of Bedford">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_with_Darwen" title="Blackburn with Darwen">Blackburn with Darwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Blackpool" title="Borough of Blackpool">Blackpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest" title="Bracknell Forest">Bracknell Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_(district)" title="Buckinghamshire (district)">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire" title="Central Bedfordshire">Central Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_East" title="Cheshire East">Cheshire East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_West_and_Chester" title="Cheshire West and Chester">Cheshire West and Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Durham_(district)" title="County Durham (district)">County Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumberland (district)">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Darlington" title="Borough of Darlington">Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_(district)" title="Dorset (district)">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Halton" title="Borough of Halton">Halton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Hartlepool" title="Borough of Hartlepool">Hartlepool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Herefordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isles_of_Scilly" title="Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway" title="Medway">Medway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Middlesbrough" title="Borough of Middlesbrough">Middlesbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Milton_Keynes" title="City of Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire" title="North East Lincolnshire">North East Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lincolnshire" title="North Lincolnshire">North Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Northamptonshire" title="North Northamptonshire">North Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Somerset" title="North Somerset">North Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_(district)" title="North Yorkshire (district)">North Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcar_and_Cleveland" title="Redcar and Cleveland">Redcar and Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland" title="Rutland">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_(district)" title="Shropshire (district)">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Slough" title="Borough of Slough">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Southend-on-Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire" title="South Gloucestershire">South Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Stockton-on-Tees" title="Borough of Stockton-on-Tees">Stockton-on-Tees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Swindon" title="Borough of Swindon">Swindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telford_and_Wrekin" title="Telford and Wrekin">Telford and Wrekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock">Thurrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbay" title="Torbay">Torbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Warrington" title="Borough of Warrington">Warrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire" title="West Berkshire">West Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness" title="Westmorland and Furness">Westmorland and Furness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire" title="West Northamptonshire">West Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_(district)" title="Wiltshire (district)">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Windsor_and_Maidenhead" title="Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead">Windsor and Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Wokingham" title="Borough of Wokingham">Wokingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York" title="City of York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg/125px-English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg/188px-English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg/250px-English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Councils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath_and_North_East_Somerset_Council" title="Bath and North East Somerset Council">Bath and North East Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Borough_Council" title="Bedford Borough Council">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_with_Darwen_Borough_Council" title="Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council">Blackburn with Darwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackpool_Council" title="Blackpool Council">Blackpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole_Council" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest_Council" title="Bracknell Forest Council">Bracknell Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council" title="Brighton and Hove City Council">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_City_Council" title="Bristol City Council">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_Council" title="Buckinghamshire Council">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire_Council" title="Central Bedfordshire Council">Central Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_East_Council" title="Cheshire East Council">Cheshire East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_West_and_Chester_Council" title="Cheshire West and Chester Council">Cheshire West and Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Council" title="Cornwall Council">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Durham_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="County Durham Council">County Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Council" title="Cumberland Council">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlington_Borough_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Darlington Borough Council">Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby_City_Council" title="Derby City Council">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_Council_(UK)" title="Dorset Council (UK)">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_Council" title="East Riding of Yorkshire Council">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halton_Borough_Council" title="Halton Borough Council">Halton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartlepool_Borough_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Hartlepool Borough Council">Hartlepool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire_Council" title="Herefordshire Council">Herefordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_Council" title="Isle of Wight Council">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Isles_of_Scilly" title="Council of the Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_City_Council" title="Hull City Council">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester_City_Council" title="Leicester City Council">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Borough_Council" title="Luton Borough Council">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway_Council" title="Medway Council">Medway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesbrough_Council" title="Middlesbrough Council">Middlesbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes_City_Council" title="Milton Keynes City Council">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire_Council" title="North East Lincolnshire Council">North East Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lincolnshire_Council" title="North Lincolnshire Council">North Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Northamptonshire_Council" title="North Northamptonshire Council">North Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Somerset_Council" title="North Somerset Council">North Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_Council" title="North Yorkshire Council">North Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_County_Council" title="Northumberland County Council">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_City_Council" title="Nottingham City Council">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_City_Council" title="Peterborough City Council">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_City_Council" title="Plymouth City Council">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_City_Council" title="Portsmouth City Council">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Borough_Council" title="Reading Borough Council">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcar_and_Cleveland_Borough_Council" title="Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council">Redcar and Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland_County_Council" title="Rutland County Council">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_Council" title="Shropshire Council">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slough_Borough_Council" title="Slough Borough Council">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Council" title="Somerset Council">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_City_Council" title="Southampton City Council">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea_City_Council" title="Southend-on-Sea City Council">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire_Council" title="South Gloucestershire Council">South Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton-on-Tees_Borough_Council" title="Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council">Stockton-on-Tees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent_City_Council" title="Stoke-on-Trent City Council">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindon_Borough_Council" title="Swindon Borough Council">Swindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telford_and_Wrekin_Council" title="Telford and Wrekin Council">Telford and Wrekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Council" title="Thurrock Council">Thurrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbay_Council" title="Torbay Council">Torbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrington_Borough_Council" title="Warrington Borough Council">Warrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire_Council" title="West Berkshire Council">West Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness_Council" title="Westmorland and Furness Council">Westmorland and Furness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire_Council" title="West Northamptonshire Council">West Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_Council" title="Wiltshire Council">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_and_Maidenhead_Borough_Council" title="Windsor and Maidenhead Borough Council">Windsor and Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wokingham_Borough_Council" title="Wokingham Borough Council">Wokingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York_Council" title="City of York Council">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath_and_North_East_Somerset_Council_elections" title="Bath and North East Somerset Council elections">Bath and North East Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Borough_Council_elections" title="Bedford Borough Council elections">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_with_Darwen_Borough_Council_elections" title="Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council elections">Blackburn with Darwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackpool_Borough_Council_elections" title="Blackpool Borough Council elections">Blackpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole_Council_elections" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council elections">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest_Borough_Council_elections" title="Bracknell Forest Borough Council elections">Bracknell Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_elections" title="Brighton and Hove City Council elections">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_City_Council_elections" title="Bristol City Council elections">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_Council_elections" title="Buckinghamshire Council elections">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire_Council_elections" title="Central Bedfordshire Council elections">Central Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_East_Council_elections" title="Cheshire East Council elections">Cheshire East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_West_and_Chester_Council_elections" title="Cheshire West and Chester Council elections">Cheshire West and Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Council_elections" title="Cornwall Council elections">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_County_Council_elections" title="Durham County Council elections">County Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Council_elections" title="Cumberland Council elections">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlington_Borough_Council_elections" title="Darlington Borough Council elections">Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby_City_Council_elections" title="Derby City Council elections">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_Council_elections" title="Dorset Council elections">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_Council_elections" title="East Riding of Yorkshire Council elections">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halton_Borough_Council_elections" title="Halton Borough Council elections">Halton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartlepool_Borough_Council_elections" title="Hartlepool Borough Council elections">Hartlepool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire_Council_elections" title="Herefordshire Council elections">Herefordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_Council_elections" title="Isle of Wight Council elections">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Isles_of_Scilly_elections" title="Council of the Isles of Scilly elections">Isles of Scilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_City_Council_elections" title="Hull City Council elections">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester_City_Council_elections" title="Leicester City Council elections">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Borough_Council_elections" title="Luton Borough Council elections">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway_Council_elections" title="Medway Council elections">Medway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesbrough_Council_elections" title="Middlesbrough Council elections">Middlesbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes_Council_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Milton Keynes Council elections">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire_Council_elections" title="North East Lincolnshire Council elections">North East Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lincolnshire_Council_elections" title="North Lincolnshire Council elections">North Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Northamptonshire_Council_elections" title="North Northamptonshire Council elections">North Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Somerset_Council_elections" title="North Somerset Council elections">North Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_Council_elections" title="North Yorkshire Council elections">North Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_County_Council_elections" title="Northumberland County Council elections">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_City_Council_elections" title="Nottingham City Council elections">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_City_Council_elections" title="Peterborough City Council elections">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_City_Council_elections" title="Plymouth City Council elections">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_City_Council_elections" title="Portsmouth City Council elections">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Borough_Council_elections" title="Reading Borough Council elections">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcar_and_Cleveland_Borough_Council_elections" title="Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council elections">Redcar and Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland_County_Council_elections" title="Rutland County Council elections">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_Council_elections" title="Shropshire Council elections">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slough_Borough_Council_elections" title="Slough Borough Council elections">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_County_Council_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Somerset County Council elections">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_City_Council_elections" title="Southampton City Council elections">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea_City_Council_elections" title="Southend-on-Sea City Council elections">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire_Council_elections" title="South Gloucestershire Council elections">South Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton-on-Tees_Borough_Council_elections" title="Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council elections">Stockton-on-Tees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent_City_Council_elections" title="Stoke-on-Trent City Council elections">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindon_Borough_Council_elections" title="Swindon Borough Council elections">Swindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telford_and_Wrekin_Council_elections" title="Telford and Wrekin Council elections">Telford and Wrekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Council_elections" title="Thurrock Council elections">Thurrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbay_Council_elections" title="Torbay Council elections">Torbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrington_Borough_Council_elections" title="Warrington Borough Council elections">Warrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire_Council_elections" title="West Berkshire Council elections">West Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness_Council_elections" title="Westmorland and Furness Council elections">Westmorland and Furness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire_Council_elections" title="West Northamptonshire Council elections">West Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_Council_elections" title="Wiltshire Council elections">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_and_Maidenhead_Borough_Council_elections" title="Windsor and Maidenhead Borough Council elections">Windsor and Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wokingham_Borough_Council_elections" title="Wokingham Borough Council elections">Wokingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York_Council_elections" title="City of York Council elections">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Districts_of_the_East_of_England143" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:East_of_England" title="Template:East of England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:East_of_England" title="Template talk:East of England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:East_of_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:East of England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Districts_of_the_East_of_England143" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Districts</a> of the <a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire" title="Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Bedford" title="Borough of Bedford">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire" title="Central Bedfordshire">Central Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luton</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:East_of_England_districts_2011_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/East_of_England_districts_2011_map.svg/100px-East_of_England_districts_2011_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/East_of_England_districts_2011_map.svg/150px-East_of_England_districts_2011_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/East_of_England_districts_2011_map.svg/200px-East_of_England_districts_2011_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1210" data-file-height="1266" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Cambridgeshire" title="East Cambridgeshire">East Cambridgeshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenland_District" title="Fenland District">Fenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntingdonshire" title="Huntingdonshire">Huntingdonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Cambridgeshire" title="South Cambridgeshire">South Cambridgeshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Basildon" title="Borough of Basildon">Basildon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braintree_District" title="Braintree District">Braintree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Brentwood" title="Borough of Brentwood">Brentwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Point" title="Castle Point">Castle Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Chelmsford" title="City of Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Colchester" title="City of Colchester">Colchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epping_Forest_District" title="Epping Forest District">Epping Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlow" title="Harlow">Harlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldon_District" title="Maldon District">Maldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochford_District" title="Rochford District">Rochford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Southend-on-Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tendring_District" title="Tendring District">Tendring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock">Thurrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttlesford" title="Uttlesford">Uttlesford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Broxbourne" title="Borough of Broxbourne">Broxbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacorum" title="Dacorum">Dacorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hertfordshire" title="East Hertfordshire">East Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertsmere" title="Hertsmere">Hertsmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Hertfordshire" title="North Hertfordshire">North Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Albans_City_and_District" class="mw-redirect" title="St Albans City and District">St Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevenage" title="Stevenage">Stevenage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Rivers_District" title="Three Rivers District">Three Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watford" title="Watford">Watford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welwyn_Hatfield" title="Welwyn Hatfield">Welwyn Hatfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breckland_District" title="Breckland District">Breckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadland" title="Broadland">Broadland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Great_Yarmouth" title="Borough of Great Yarmouth">Great Yarmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Lynn_and_West_Norfolk" title="King's Lynn and West Norfolk">King's Lynn and West Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Norfolk" title="North Norfolk">North Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Norfolk" title="South Norfolk">South Norfolk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babergh_District" title="Babergh District">Babergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Suffolk_District" title="East Suffolk District">East Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipswich" title="Ipswich">Ipswich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid_Suffolk" title="Mid Suffolk">Mid Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Suffolk_District" title="West Suffolk District">West Suffolk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="River_Lea_/_Lee,_England100" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:River_Lea" title="Template:River Lea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:River_Lea" title="Template talk:River Lea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:River_Lea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:River Lea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="River_Lea_/_Lee,_England100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/River_Lea" title="River Lea">River Lea / Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire" title="Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mouth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leagrave" title="Leagrave">Leagrave</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpenden" title="Harpenden">Harpenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheathampstead" title="Wheathampstead">Wheathampstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welwyn_Garden_City" title="Welwyn Garden City">Welwyn Garden City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertford" title="Hertford">Hertford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ware,_Hertfordshire" title="Ware, Hertfordshire">Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanstead_Abbotts" title="Stanstead Abbotts">Stanstead Abbotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoddesdon" title="Hoddesdon">Hoddesdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broxbourne" title="Broxbourne">Broxbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshunt" title="Cheshunt">Cheshunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltham_Abbey" title="Waltham Abbey">Waltham Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponders_End" title="Ponders End">Ponders End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmonton,_London" title="Edmonton, London">Edmonton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tottenham" title="Tottenham">Tottenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Clapton" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Clapton">Upper Clapton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_Wick" title="Hackney Wick">Hackney Wick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford,_London" title="Stratford, London">Stratford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromley-by-Bow" title="Bromley-by-Bow">Bromley-by-Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canning_Town" title="Canning Town">Canning Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leamouth" title="Leamouth">Leamouth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major tributaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Ash,_Hertfordshire" title="River Ash, Hertfordshire">River Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Beane" title="River Beane">River Beane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Ching" title="River Ching">River Ching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Mimram" title="River Mimram">River Mimram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Moselle_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="River Moselle (London)">River Moselle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Rib" title="River Rib">River Rib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Stort" title="River Stort">River Stort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor tributaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayford_Brook" title="Bayford Brook">Bayford Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broxbourne_Mill_Stream" title="Broxbourne Mill Stream">Broxbourne Mill Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobbins_Brook" title="Cobbins Brook">Cobbins Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coppermill_Stream" title="Coppermill Stream">Coppermill Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornmill_Stream" title="Cornmill Stream">Cornmill Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuffley_Brook" title="Cuffley Brook">Cuffley Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagenham_Brook" title="Dagenham Brook">Dagenham Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_Brook" title="Hackney Brook">Hackney Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houghton_Brook" title="Houghton Brook">Houghton Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewsey_Brook" title="Lewsey Brook">Lewsey Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millhead_Stream" title="Millhead Stream">Millhead Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pymmes_Brook" title="Pymmes Brook">Pymmes Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Quin" title="River Quin">River Quin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rags_Brook" title="Rags Brook">Rags Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Lynch" title="River Lynch">River Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmons_Brook" title="Salmons Brook">Salmons Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_River_Lea" title="Small River Lea">Small River Lea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spital_Brook" title="Spital Brook">Spital Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobalds_Brook" title="Theobalds Brook">Theobalds Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Brook" title="Turkey Brook">Turkey Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnford_Brook" title="Turnford Brook">Turnford Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woollens_Brook" title="Woollens Brook">Woollens Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wormleybury_Brook" title="Wormleybury Brook">Wormleybury Brook</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="London_commuter_belt123" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:London_commuter_belt" title="Template:London commuter belt"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:London_commuter_belt" title="Template talk:London commuter belt"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:London_commuter_belt" title="Special:EditPage/Template:London commuter belt"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="London_commuter_belt123" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/London_commuter_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="London commuter belt">London commuter belt</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Home_counties" title="Home counties">Home counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:London_Commuter_Belt_map_no_TTW.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="London Commuter Belt"><img alt="London Commuter Belt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/London_Commuter_Belt_map_no_TTW.svg/150px-London_Commuter_Belt_map_no_TTW.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/London_Commuter_Belt_map_no_TTW.svg/225px-London_Commuter_Belt_map_no_TTW.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/London_Commuter_Belt_map_no_TTW.svg/300px-London_Commuter_Belt_map_no_TTW.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="739" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Built-up_Area" title="Greater London Built-up Area">Greater London Built-up Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnborough/Aldershot_Built-up_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Farnborough/Aldershot Built-up Area">Farnborough/Aldershot Built-up Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Wycombe_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="High Wycombe Urban Area">High Wycombe Urban Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton/Dunstable_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Luton/Dunstable Urban Area">Luton/Dunstable Urban Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway" title="Medway"> Medway Towns Urban Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading/Wokingham_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading/Wokingham Urban Area">Reading/Wokingham Urban Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Southend Urban Area">Southend Urban Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Cities and towns<br />(100k+)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelmsford" title="Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawley" title="Crawley">Crawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildford" title="Guildford">Guildford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Wycombe" title="High Wycombe">High Wycombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maidstone" title="Maidstone">Maidstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slough" title="Slough">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea" title="Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Towns<br />(25k–99k)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldershot" title="Aldershot">Aldershot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashford,_Surrey" title="Ashford, Surrey">Ashford, Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aylesbury" title="Aylesbury">Aylesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basildon" title="Basildon">Basildon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basingstoke" title="Basingstoke">Basingstoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billericay" title="Billericay">Billericay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_Stortford" title="Bishop's Stortford">Bishop's Stortford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borehamwood" title="Borehamwood">Borehamwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell" title="Bracknell">Bracknell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brentwood,_Essex" title="Brentwood, Essex">Brentwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgess_Hill" title="Burgess Hill">Burgess Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camberley" title="Camberley">Camberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canvey_Island" title="Canvey Island">Canvey Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham,_Kent" title="Chatham, Kent">Chatham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshunt" title="Cheshunt">Cheshunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartford" title="Dartford">Dartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunstable" title="Dunstable">Dunstable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsom" title="Epsom">Epsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewell" title="Ewell">Ewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earley" title="Earley">Earley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnborough,_Hampshire" title="Farnborough, Hampshire">Farnborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnham" title="Farnham">Farnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet,_Hampshire" title="Fleet, Hampshire">Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillingham,_Kent" title="Gillingham, Kent">Gillingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend">Gravesend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grays,_Essex" title="Grays, Essex">Grays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlow" title="Harlow">Harlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpenden" title="Harpenden">Harpenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatfield,_Hertfordshire" title="Hatfield, Hertfordshire">Hatfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemel_Hempstead" title="Hemel Hempstead">Hemel Hempstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsham" title="Horsham">Horsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitchin" title="Hitchin">Hitchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leighton_Buzzard" title="Leighton Buzzard">Leighton Buzzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letchworth" title="Letchworth">Letchworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loughton" title="Loughton">Loughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maidenhead" title="Maidenhead">Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayleigh,_Essex" title="Rayleigh, Essex">Rayleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redhill,_Surrey" title="Redhill, Surrey">Redhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Kent" title="Rochester, Kent">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Tunbridge_Wells" title="Royal Tunbridge Wells">Royal Tunbridge Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sittingbourne" title="Sittingbourne">Sittingbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Albans" title="St Albans">St Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevenage" title="Stevenage">Stevenage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strood" title="Strood">Strood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbury-on-Thames" title="Sunbury-on-Thames">Sunbury-on-Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonbridge" title="Tonbridge">Tonbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ware,_Hertfordshire" title="Ware, Hertfordshire">Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watford" title="Watford">Watford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welwyn_Garden_City" title="Welwyn Garden City">Welwyn Garden City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickford" title="Wickford">Wickford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Berkshire" title="Windsor, Berkshire">Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woking" title="Woking">Woking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wokingham" title="Wokingham">Wokingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodley,_Berkshire" title="Woodley, Berkshire">Woodley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Towns<br />(10k–25k)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addlestone" title="Addlestone">Addlestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amersham" title="Amersham">Amersham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtead" title="Ashtead">Ashtead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldock" title="Baldock">Baldock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaconsfield" title="Beaconsfield">Beaconsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkhamsted" title="Berkhamsted">Berkhamsted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broxbourne" title="Broxbourne">Broxbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckhurst_Hill" title="Buckhurst Hill">Buckhurst Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushey" title="Bushey">Bushey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chertsey" title="Chertsey">Chertsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesham" title="Chesham">Chesham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigwell" title="Chigwell">Chigwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corringham,_Essex" title="Corringham, Essex">Corringham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croxley_Green" title="Croxley Green">Croxley Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorking" title="Dorking">Dorking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Grinstead" title="East Grinstead">East Grinstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Malling" title="East Malling">East Malling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englefield_Green" title="Englefield Green">Englefield Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epping,_Essex" title="Epping, Essex">Epping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frimley" title="Frimley">Frimley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frogmore,_Hampshire" title="Frogmore, Hampshire">Frogmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godalming" title="Godalming">Godalming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadleigh,_Essex" title="Hadleigh, Essex">Hadleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haywards_Heath" title="Haywards Heath">Haywards Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertford" title="Hertford">Hertford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoddesdon" title="Hoddesdon">Hoddesdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horley" title="Horley">Horley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houghton_Regis" title="Houghton Regis">Houghton Regis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knaphill" title="Knaphill">Knaphill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leatherhead" title="Leatherhead">Leatherhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlow,_Buckinghamshire" title="Marlow, Buckinghamshire">Marlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potters_Bar" title="Potters Bar">Potters Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reigate" title="Reigate">Reigate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rickmansworth" title="Rickmansworth">Rickmansworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochford" title="Rochford">Rochford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandhurst,_Berkshire" title="Sandhurst, Berkshire">Sandhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevenoaks" title="Sevenoaks">Sevenoaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snodland" title="Snodland">Snodland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepperton" title="Shepperton">Shepperton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Benfleet" title="South Benfleet">South Benfleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southborough,_Kent" title="Southborough, Kent">Southborough, Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staines-upon-Thames" title="Staines-upon-Thames">Staines-upon-Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford-le-Hope" title="Stanford-le-Hope">Stanford-le-Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanwell" title="Stanwell">Stanwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanley" title="Swanley">Swanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thundersley" title="Thundersley">Thundersley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilbury" title="Tilbury">Tilbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tring" title="Tring">Tring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltham_Abbey" title="Waltham Abbey">Waltham Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltham_Cross" title="Waltham Cross">Waltham Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodford_Green" title="Woodford Green">Woodford Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yateley" title="Yateley">Yateley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203889#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/242579687">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4111438-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Luton (Anglie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge958013&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/fce4afff-8d49-4f1f-977a-10edbe839331">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luton&oldid=1273963346">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luton&oldid=1273963346</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Luton" title="Category:Luton">Luton</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Towns_in_Bedfordshire" title="Category:Towns in Bedfordshire">Towns in Bedfordshire</a></li><li><a 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