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Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%B2_(%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84)" title="ويليام هاستينغز (بارون هاستينغز الأول) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويليام هاستينغز (بارون هاستينغز الأول)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hastings,_1._baron_Hastings" title="William Hastings, 1. baron Hastings – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="William Hastings, 1. baron Hastings" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hastings,_1._Baron_Hastings" title="William Hastings, 1. Baron Hastings – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William Hastings, 1. Baron Hastings" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hastings" title="William Hastings – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="William Hastings" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hastings" title="William Hastings – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Hastings" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hastings,_I_barone_Hastings" title="William Hastings, I barone Hastings – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="William Hastings, I barone Hastings" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%98%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B9_(%E5%88%9D%E4%BB%A3%E3%83%98%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B9%E7%94%B7%E7%88%B5)" title="ウィリアム・ヘイスティングス (初代ヘイスティングス男爵) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアム・ヘイスティングス (初代ヘイスティングス男爵)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hastings,_1._baron_Hastings" title="William Hastings, 1. baron Hastings – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="William Hastings, 1. baron Hastings" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC,_1-%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%AD%D1%88%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D0%B0_%D0%97%D1%83%D1%88" title="Гастингс, Уильям, 1-й барон Гастингс из Эшби де Ла Зуш – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гастингс, Уильям, 1-й барон Гастингс из Эшби де Ла Зуш" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hastings,_1:e_baron_Hastings" title="William Hastings, 1:e baron Hastings – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William Hastings, 1:e baron Hastings" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1" title="วิลเลียม เฮสติงส์ บารอนเฮสติงส์ที่ 1 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิลเลียม เฮสติงส์ บารอนเฮสติงส์ที่ 1" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD%D2%91%D1%81,_1-%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD%D2%91%D1%81" title="Вільям Гастінґс, 1-й барон Гастінґс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільям Гастінґс, 1-й барон Гастінґс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1396340#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English nobleman</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Lord Hastings</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Order of the Garter">KG</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Sir_William_Hastings,_1st_Baron_Hastings,_KG.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Coat_of_Arms_of_Sir_William_Hastings%2C_1st_Baron_Hastings%2C_KG.png/220px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Sir_William_Hastings%2C_1st_Baron_Hastings%2C_KG.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Coat_of_Arms_of_Sir_William_Hastings%2C_1st_Baron_Hastings%2C_KG.png/330px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Sir_William_Hastings%2C_1st_Baron_Hastings%2C_KG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Coat_of_Arms_of_Sir_William_Hastings%2C_1st_Baron_Hastings%2C_KG.png/440px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Sir_William_Hastings%2C_1st_Baron_Hastings%2C_KG.png 2x" data-file-width="1158" data-file-height="1158" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Arms of William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings, KG</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain_of_the_Household" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Chamberlain of the Household">Lord Chamberlain of the Household</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1461–1483<br /><small>Vacant <a href="/wiki/Readeption_of_Henry_VI" title="Readeption of Henry VI">1470–1471</a></small></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville,_5th_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury">The Earl of Salisbury</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lovell,_1st_Viscount_Lovell" title="Francis Lovell, 1st Viscount Lovell">The Viscount Lovell</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">c.1430</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 1483<br /><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Neville,_Baroness_Hastings" title="Katherine Neville, Baroness Hastings">Katherine Neville</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hastings,_2nd_Baron_Hastings" title="Edward Hastings, 2nd Baron Hastings">Edward Hastings, 2nd Baron Hastings</a><br />Sir William Hastings<br />Sir Richard Hastings<br />George Hastings<br /><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hastings,_Countess_of_Shrewsbury" title="Anne Hastings, Countess of Shrewsbury">Anne Hastings, Countess of Shrewsbury</a><br />Elizabeth Hastings</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Sir Leonard Hastings<br />Alice Camoys</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Hastings,_1st_Baron_Hastings.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/William_Hastings%2C_1st_Baron_Hastings.jpeg/220px-William_Hastings%2C_1st_Baron_Hastings.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/William_Hastings%2C_1st_Baron_Hastings.jpeg/330px-William_Hastings%2C_1st_Baron_Hastings.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/William_Hastings%2C_1st_Baron_Hastings.jpeg/440px-William_Hastings%2C_1st_Baron_Hastings.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3184" data-file-height="2757" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Manticore" title="Manticore">Manticore</a> badge of William, Lord Hastings, c.1470.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings</b> <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Order of the Garter">KG</a> (c. 1431 – June 1483) was an English nobleman. A loyal follower of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_York" title="House of York">House of York</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a>, he became a close friend and one of the most important courtiers of King <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV</a>, whom he served as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain" title="Lord Chamberlain">Lord Chamberlain</a>. At the time of Edward's death he was one of the most powerful and richest men in England. He was executed following accusations of treason by Edward's brother and ultimate successor, <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard III</a>. The date of his death is disputed; early histories give 13 June, which is the traditional date. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hastings,_1st_Baron_Hastings&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_Lord_Wm_Hastings.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Signature_Lord_Wm_Hastings.jpg/220px-Signature_Lord_Wm_Hastings.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Signature_Lord_Wm_Hastings.jpg/330px-Signature_Lord_Wm_Hastings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Signature_Lord_Wm_Hastings.jpg/440px-Signature_Lord_Wm_Hastings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="154" /></a><figcaption>Signature of William Lord Hastings</figcaption></figure> <p>William Hastings, born about 1430–1431, was the eldest son of Sir Leonard Hastings, and his wife Alice Camoys, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Camoys,_1st_Baron_Camoys" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas de Camoys, 1st Baron Camoys">Thomas de Camoys, 1st Baron Camoys</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_I2011398–9_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_I2011398–9-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369–71_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369–71-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hastings succeeded his father in service to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_York" title="House of York">House of York</a> and through this service became close to his distant cousin the future <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV</a>, whom he was to serve loyally all his life. He was <a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Warwickshire" title="High Sheriff of Warwickshire">High Sheriff of Warwickshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Leicestershire" title="High Sheriff of Leicestershire">High Sheriff of Leicestershire</a> in 1455. </p><p>He fought alongside Edward at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mortimer%27s_Cross" title="Battle of Mortimer's Cross">Battle of Mortimer's Cross</a> in <a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Herefordshire</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a>, and was present at the proclamation of Edward as king in London on 4 March 1461, and then when the new king secured his crown at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Towton" title="Battle of Towton">Battle of Towton</a> shortly thereafter. He was knighted on the field of battle. With the establishment of the Yorkist regime, Hastings became one of the key figures in the realm, most importantly as <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Mint" title="Master of the Mint">Master of the Mint</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain" title="Lord Chamberlain">Lord Chamberlain</a>, an office he held for the duration of the reign, and which made him one of the most important means of access to the king. He was also created <a href="/wiki/Baron_Hastings" title="Baron Hastings">Baron Hastings</a>, a title reinforced by grants of land and office, primarily in Leicestershire and <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a>. In 1462, he was invested as a <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Garter">Knight of the Garter</a>. Hastings' tenure as Master of the Mint occurred during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Bullion_Famine" title="Great Bullion Famine">Great Bullion Famine</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Slump_(15th_century)" title="Great Slump (15th century)">Great Slump in England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1474, he was awarded royal <a href="/wiki/Licence_to_crenellate" title="Licence to crenellate">licence to crenellate</a> at three of his landholdings in Leicestershire; at <a href="/wiki/Ashby-de-la-Zouch_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashby-de-la-Zouch Castle">Ashby-de-la-Zouch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirby_Muxloe" title="Kirby Muxloe">Kirby Muxloe</a>, and at <a href="/wiki/Bagworth" title="Bagworth">Bagworth</a>. He built extensively at Ashby, mostly making additions to the pre-existing manor house built by the de la Zouch family in the thirteenth century. His greatest achievement at Ashby was the Hastings Tower. At <a href="/wiki/Kirby_Muxloe_Castle" title="Kirby Muxloe Castle">Kirby Muxloe Castle</a> he began an intricate fortified house of red brick, one of the first of its kind in the county. Thanks to <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a>, the castles at Ashby and Kirby can still be seen, but nothing survives to indicate any construction at Bagworth. </p><p>His importance in these years is recorded in a number of sources, and was recognised by the greatest peer in the realm, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville,_Earl_of_Warwick" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick">Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick</a>. In 1462, Warwick arranged for Hastings to marry his widowed sister, <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Neville,_Baroness_Hastings" title="Katherine Neville, Baroness Hastings">Katherine Neville</a>. (Katherine's first husband, <a href="/wiki/William_Bonville,_6th_Baron_Harington" title="William Bonville, 6th Baron Harington">Lord Bonville</a>, had been killed at <a href="/wiki/Second_battle_of_St_Albans" class="mw-redirect" title="Second battle of St Albans">St Albans</a> in 1461, and their infant daughter, <a href="/wiki/Cecily_Bonville,_7th_Baroness_Harington" title="Cecily Bonville, 7th Baroness Harington">Cecily</a>, succeeded to the Bonville titles and estates.)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorrox2004_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorrox2004-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicolas1826368–75_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicolas1826368–75-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite this matrimonial relationship with the Nevilles, when Warwick drove <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV" title="Edward IV">Edward IV</a> into exile in 1470, Hastings went with Edward, and accompanied the king back the following spring. Hastings raised troops for Edward in the <a href="/wiki/English_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="English Midlands">English Midlands</a> and served as one of the leading captains of the Yorkist forces at both <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barnet" title="Battle of Barnet">Barnet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tewkesbury" title="Battle of Tewkesbury">Tewkesbury</a>. </p><p>His service, loyalty and ability, along with the fall of his Neville in-laws, made Hastings even more important during the second half of Edward IV's reign. He continued to serve as Chamberlain, and was awarded the position of <a href="/wiki/Chamberlain_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chamberlain of the Exchequer">Chamberlain of the Exchequer</a> in 1471, which he held until 1483. He was also appointed <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_of_Calais" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant of Calais">Lieutenant of Calais</a>, which made him an important player in foreign affairs, and given authority over an increasingly large section of the English Midlands. At court, he was involved in two lengthy feuds with members of Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville">Elizabeth Woodville</a>'s family, most notably with her son <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Grey,_1st_Marquess_of_Dorset" title="Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset">Thomas Grey, first Marquess of Dorset</a>. A mistress of both Grey and Hastings was <a href="/wiki/Jane_Shore" title="Jane Shore">Jane Shore</a>; Grey's wife was the wealthy heiress <a href="/wiki/Cecily_Bonville,_7th_Baroness_Harington" title="Cecily Bonville, 7th Baroness Harington">Cecily Bonville, 7th Baroness Harington</a>, who also happened to be Hastings' stepdaughter. Shore was instrumental in bringing about the alliance between Hastings and the Woodvilles, which was formed while <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard, Duke of Gloucester</a>, was Protector, before he took the throne as King Richard III. She was accused of carrying messages between Hastings and Edward IV's widow, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville">Elizabeth Woodville</a>. It was because of her role in this alliance that Shore was charged with conspiracy, along with Hastings and the Woodvilles, against the Protector's government.<sup id="cite_ref-kendall248_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kendall248-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hastings,_1st_Baron_Hastings&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the death of Edward IV on 9 April 1483, the Dowager Queen appointed family members to key positions and rushed to expedite the coronation of her young son <a href="/wiki/Edward_V" title="Edward V">Edward V</a> as king, circumventing <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard, Duke of Gloucester</a>, whom the late king had appointed <a href="/wiki/Lord_Protector" title="Lord Protector">Lord Protector</a>. Hastings, who had long been friendly with Richard and hostile to the Woodvilles, was a key figure in checking the Dowager Queen's manoeuvres. While keeping the Woodvilles in check in London, Hastings kept Richard closely informed of their proceedings and asked him to hasten to London. Richard met up with the young king and his party as pre-arranged, who was on his way to London, with his Woodville relatives. Hastings then supported Richard's formal installation as Lord Protector and collaborated closely with him in the <a href="/wiki/Curia_regis#England" title="Curia regis">royal council</a>. </p><p>Affairs changed dramatically on 13 June 1483 during a council meeting at the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>: according to contemporaries, Richard, supported by the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Stafford,_2nd_Duke_of_Buckingham" title="Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham">Duke of Buckingham</a>, accused Hastings and two other council members of having committed <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">high treason</a> by conspiring against his life with the Woodvilles. The contemporary (1483) account of <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Mancini" title="Dominic Mancini">Dominic Mancini</a> records Richard's claim that those who were arrested "had come with concealed weapons so that they could be the first to unleash a violent attack"; this was later confirmed in a public proclamation.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the other alleged conspirators were imprisoned, Hastings was beheaded. The timing of his execution is disputed, although <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ross_(historian)" title="Charles Ross (historian)">Charles Ross</a>, in his biography of Richard III, argued for the traditional date of 13 June.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Summary_execution" title="Summary execution">summary execution</a> of the popular Hastings was controversial among contemporaries and has been interpreted differently by historians and other authors. The traditional account, harking back to authors of the Tudor period, including <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, considered the conspiracy charge invented and merely a convenient excuse to remove Lord Hastings, who was known for his loyalty to the dead King Edward IV and his heirs, as while he remained alive he would have been too formidable an obstacle to Richard's own plans to seize the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others have been more open to the possibility that such a conspiracy did in fact exist and that Richard may have reacted to secure his own position.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Clements_Markham" title="Clements Markham">Clements R. Markham</a> argues that Hastings was executed one week after his arrest on 20 June 1483, and after a trial.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several witnesses were present, hence a treason trial could have been conducted at an ad hoc <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Chivalry" title="High Court of Chivalry">Court of Chivalry</a> convened by Richard as <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Constable_of_England" title="Lord High Constable of England">High Constable of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the accusation of treason, no <a href="/wiki/Attainder" title="Attainder">attainder</a> was issued against Lord Hastings which again suggests a trial by the Court of Chivalry which had no power to attaint. Hence, his wife and sons were allowed to inherit his lands and properties. Hastings was buried in the north aisle of <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Chapel,_Windsor" class="mw-redirect" title="St George's Chapel, Windsor">St George's Chapel, Windsor</a>, next to his friend King Edward IV.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECokayne1926373_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECokayne1926373-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_literature">In literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hastings,_1st_Baron_Hastings&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He is portrayed in two of <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>'s plays: <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Part_3" title="Henry VI, Part 3">Henry VI, Part 3</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(play)" title="Richard III (play)">Richard III</a></i>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a>'s film version of <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(1955_film)" title="Richard III (1955 film)">Richard III</a></i> (1955), Lord Hastings is played by actor <a href="/wiki/Alec_Clunes" title="Alec Clunes">Alec Clunes</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Documentary" class="mw-redirect" title="Documentary">documentary</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Looking_for_Richard" title="Looking for Richard">Looking for Richard</a></i>, Lord Hastings is played by actor <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Conway_(actor)" title="Kevin Conway (actor)">Kevin Conway</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hastings,_1st_Baron_Hastings&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hastings married, before 6 February 1462,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECokayne1926373_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECokayne1926373-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Neville,_Baroness_Hastings" title="Katherine Neville, Baroness Hastings">Katherine Neville</a>, sister of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville,_Earl_of_Warwick" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick">Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick</a>, known as "Warwick the Kingmaker," and widow of <a href="/wiki/William_Bonville,_6th_Baron_Harington" title="William Bonville, 6th Baron Harington">William Bonville, 6th Baron Harington</a>, slain at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wakefield" title="Battle of Wakefield">Battle of Wakefield</a> on 30 December 1460, by whom he had had four sons and two daughters:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorrox2004_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorrox2004-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicolas1826368–75_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicolas1826368–75-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hastings,_2nd_Baron_Hastings" title="Edward Hastings, 2nd Baron Hastings">Edward Hastings, 2nd Baron Hastings</a>, who married <a href="/wiki/Mary_Hungerford" title="Mary Hungerford">Mary Hungerford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371–2_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371–2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECokayne1926374_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECokayne1926374-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sir William Hastings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sir Richard Hastings, who married, and had two daughters and coheirs, Elizabeth Hastings, who married John Beaumont of Gracedieu, <a href="/wiki/Leicestershire" title="Leicestershire">Leicestershire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Rolls" title="Master of the Rolls">Master of the Rolls</a>, and Mary Hastings, who married Thomas Saunders of <a href="/wiki/Harringworth" title="Harringworth">Harringworth</a>, Northamptonshire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicolas1826373_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicolas1826373-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>George Hastings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hastings,_Countess_of_Shrewsbury" title="Anne Hastings, Countess of Shrewsbury">Anne Hastings</a>, who married her father's <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Wards_and_Liveries" title="Court of Wards and Liveries">ward</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Talbot,_4th_Earl_of_Shrewsbury" title="George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury">George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Elizabeth Hastings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371_17-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hastings,_1st_Baron_Hastings&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Sir Leonard Hastings (c.1396 – 20 October 1455) was a member of the English gentry who moved his seat to <a href="/wiki/Leicestershire" title="Leicestershire">Leicestershire</a> from <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a> where the family had long been established. His wife was Alice Camoys, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Camoys,_1st_Baron_Camoys" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas de Camoys, 1st Baron Camoys">Thomas de Camoys, 1st Baron Camoys</a>, and his first wife, Elizabeth Louches, the daughter and heiress of William Louches.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_I2011398–9_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_I2011398–9-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369–71_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369–71-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sir Leonard Hastings had three other sons and three daughters:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369–71_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369–71-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_IV2011306–7_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_IV2011306–7-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcheson1992234_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcheson1992234-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hastings,_Baron_Welles" title="Richard Hastings, Baron Welles">Richard Hastings, Baron Welles</a> (d.1503), also styled Lord Willoughby, who married firstly, before 1 June 1470 <a href="/wiki/Joan_Welles,_9th_Baroness_Willoughby_de_Eresby" title="Joan Welles, 9th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby">Joan Welles</a>, only daughter of <a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Welles,_7th_Baron_Welles" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard de Welles, 7th Baron Welles">Richard de Welles, 7th Baron Welles</a>, by his first wife, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Willoughby,_7th_Baroness_Willoughby_de_Eresby" title="Joan Willoughby, 7th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby">Joan Willoughby</a>, only daughter of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Willoughby,_6th_Baron_Willoughby_de_Eresby" title="Robert Willoughby, 6th Baron Willoughby de Eresby">Robert Willoughby, 6th Baron Willoughby de Eresby</a>, and secondly Joan Romondbye (d. 20 March 1505), widow of Richard Pigot, (died c. 15 April 1483), <a href="/wiki/Serjeant-at-law" title="Serjeant-at-law">Serjeant-at-law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_IV2011307–8_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_IV2011307–8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurke1831562_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurke1831562-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECokayne1959447_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECokayne1959447-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECokayne1959668_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECokayne1959668-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hastings_(died_1495)" title="Ralph Hastings (died 1495)">Sir Ralph Hastings</a> (d.1495) of Harrowden, <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a>, who married Amy Tattershall, daughter and heiress of John Tattershall, esquire, of <a href="/wiki/Woolwich" title="Woolwich">Woolwich</a>, Kent, and <a href="/wiki/Wanstead" title="Wanstead">Wanstead</a>, Essex, by whom he had six daughters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicolas1836421_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicolas1836421-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Thomas Hastings.</li> <li>Elizabeth Hastings (c.1450 – 1508), who married, before 1465, <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Donne" title="Sir John Donne">Sir John Donne</a> (1450–1503) of <a href="/wiki/Kidwelly" title="Kidwelly">Kidwelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carmarthenshire" title="Carmarthenshire">Carmarthenshire</a>, third son of Griffith Donne of Kidwelly by Janet, daughter of Sir John Scudamore, and by him had two sons, Sir Edward Donne (c.1482 – 1552) and Sir Griffith Donne (c.1487 – 1543), and two daughters, Anne Donne (c.1471 – c. 1507), who was the first wife of Sir William Rede of <a href="/wiki/Boarstall" title="Boarstall">Boarstall</a>, Buckinghamshire, and Margaret Donne (born c.1480), who married Edward Trussell (c.1478 – 16 June 1499) of <a href="/wiki/Elmesthorpe" title="Elmesthorpe">Elmesthorpe</a>, and was the mother of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Trussell,_Countess_of_Oxford" title="Elizabeth Trussell, Countess of Oxford">Elizabeth Trussell</a> (1496–1527), wife of <a href="/wiki/John_de_Vere,_15th_Earl_of_Oxford" title="John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford">John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011370_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011370-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Anne Hastings, who married Thomas Ferrers, esquire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Joan Hastings, who married John Brokesby, esquire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </span></li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hastings,_1st_Baron_Hastings&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_I2011398–9-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_I2011398–9_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_I2011398–9_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichardson_I2011">Richardson I 2011</a>, pp. 398–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369–71-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369–71_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369–71_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369–71_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichardson_II2011">Richardson II 2011</a>, pp. 369–71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_IV2011306–7-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_IV2011306–7_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichardson_IV2011">Richardson IV 2011</a>, pp. 306–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcheson1992234-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcheson1992234_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcheson1992">Acheson 1992</a>, p. 234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011369_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichardson_II2011">Richardson II 2011</a>, p. 369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_IV2011307–8-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_IV2011307–8_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichardson_IV2011">Richardson IV 2011</a>, pp. 307–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurke1831562-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurke1831562_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurke1831">Burke 1831</a>, p. 562.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECokayne1959447-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECokayne1959447_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCokayne1959">Cokayne 1959</a>, p. 447.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECokayne1959668-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECokayne1959668_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCokayne1959">Cokayne 1959</a>, p. 668.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicolas1836421-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicolas1836421_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicolas1836">Nicolas 1836</a>, p. 421.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011370-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011370_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichardson_II2011">Richardson II 2011</a>, p. 370.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCraig1953" class="citation book cs1">Craig, John (1953). <i>The Mint: A History of the London Mint from A.D. 287 to 1948</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, England: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 88–95. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0000CIHG7">B0000CIHG7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mint%3A+A+History+of+the+London+Mint+from+A.D.+287+to+1948&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pages=88-95&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1953&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB0000CIHG7%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hastings%2C+1st+Baron+Hastings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies1997" class="citation book cs1">Davies, Glyn (1997) [1994]. <i>A History of Money: From Ancient Times to the Present Day</i> (Reprint ed.). <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wales_Press" title="University of Wales Press">University of Wales Press</a>. pp. 168–174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0708313510" title="Special:BookSources/978-0708313510"><bdi>978-0708313510</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Money%3A+From+Ancient+Times+to+the+Present+Day&rft.place=Cardiff&rft.pages=168-174&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=University+of+Wales+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0708313510&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Glyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hastings%2C+1st+Baron+Hastings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2009" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Larry (2009). <i>The Encyclopedia of Money</i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara, CA</a>: <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. pp. 188–189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1598842517" title="Special:BookSources/978-1598842517"><bdi>978-1598842517</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Money&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pages=188-189&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1598842517&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Larry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hastings%2C+1st+Baron+Hastings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorrox2004-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorrox2004_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorrox2004_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorrox2004">Horrox 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371_17-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371_17-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichardson_II2011">Richardson II 2011</a>, p. 371.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicolas1826368–75-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicolas1826368–75_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicolas1826368–75_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicolas1826">Nicolas 1826</a>, pp. 368–75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kendall248-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kendall248_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kendall, p. 248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarson2021" class="citation book cs1">Carson, Annette (2021). <i>Domenico Mancini de occupatione regni Anglie</i>. Horstead: Imprimis Imprimatur. pp. 62–65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9576840-6-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9576840-6-5"><bdi>978-0-9576840-6-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Domenico+Mancini+de+occupatione+regni+Anglie&rft.place=Horstead&rft.pages=62-65&rft.pub=Imprimis+Imprimatur&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-9576840-6-5&rft.aulast=Carson&rft.aufirst=Annette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hastings%2C+1st+Baron+Hastings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss1981" class="citation book cs1">Ross, Charles (1981). <i>Richard III</i>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. pp. 83–85, also n.62 on p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-04589-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-04589-0"><bdi>0-520-04589-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+III&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pages=83-85%2C+also+n.62+on+p.+84&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-520-04589-0&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hastings%2C+1st+Baron+Hastings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For instance, Alison Weir, <i>The Princes in the Tower</i>, London: Random House, 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For instance, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Murray_Kendall" title="Paul Murray Kendall">Paul Murray Kendall</a>, <i>Richard III</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clements R. Markham <i>Richard III</i>, pp. 214–216.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarson2015" class="citation book cs1">Carson, Annette (2015). <i>Richard Duke of Gloucester as Lord Protector and High Constable of England</i>. England: Imprimis Imprimatur. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9576840-4-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9576840-4-1"><bdi>978-0-9576840-4-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+Duke+of+Gloucester+as+Lord+Protector+and+High+Constable+of+England&rft.place=England&rft.pub=Imprimis+Imprimatur&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-9576840-4-1&rft.aulast=Carson&rft.aufirst=Annette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hastings%2C+1st+Baron+Hastings" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECokayne1926373-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECokayne1926373_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECokayne1926373_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCokayne1926">Cokayne 1926</a>, p. 373.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371–2-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson_II2011371–2_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichardson_II2011">Richardson II 2011</a>, pp. 371–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECokayne1926374-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECokayne1926374_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCokayne1926">Cokayne 1926</a>, p. 374.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicolas1826373-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicolas1826373_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicolas1826">Nicolas 1826</a>, p. 373.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hastings,_1st_Baron_Hastings&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcheson1992" class="citation book cs1">Acheson, Eric (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0HhSjk4yZ6YC&pg=PA234"><i>A Gentry Community; Leicestershire in the Fifteenth Century, c.1422-c.1485</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521524988" title="Special:BookSources/9780521524988"><bdi>9780521524988</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Gentry+Community%3B+Leicestershire+in+the+Fifteenth+Century%2C+c.1422-c.1485&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780521524988&rft.aulast=Acheson&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0HhSjk4yZ6YC%26pg%3DPA234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hastings%2C+1st+Baron+Hastings" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurke1831" class="citation book cs1">Burke, John (1831). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ageneralandhera02burkgoog"><i>A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerages of England, Ireland and Scotland, Extinct, Dormant and in Abeyance</i></a>. London: Henry Colburn. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ageneralandhera02burkgoog/page/n577">562</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+General+and+Heraldic+Dictionary+of+the+Peerages+of+England%2C+Ireland+and+Scotland%2C+Extinct%2C+Dormant+and+in+Abeyance&rft.place=London&rft.pages=562&rft.pub=Henry+Colburn&rft.date=1831&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fageneralandhera02burkgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hastings%2C+1st+Baron+Hastings" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCokayne1926" class="citation book cs1">Cokayne, George Edward (1926). <i>The Complete Peerage, edited by Vicary Gibbs</i>. Vol. VI. London: St. Catherine Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Peerage%2C+edited+by+Vicary+Gibbs&rft.place=London&rft.pub=St.+Catherine+Press&rft.date=1926&rft.aulast=Cokayne&rft.aufirst=George+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hastings%2C+1st+Baron+Hastings" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCokayne1959" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Cokayne, George Edward (1959). <i>The Complete Peerage, edited by Geoffrey H. White</i>. Vol. XII, Part II. London: St. Catherine Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Peerage%2C+edited+by+Geoffrey+H.+White&rft.place=London&rft.pub=St.+Catherine+Press&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Cokayne&rft.aufirst=George+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hastings%2C+1st+Baron+Hastings" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorrox2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Horrox, Rosemary (2004). "Hastings, William, first Baron Hastings (c.1430–1483)". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F12588">10.1093/ref:odnb/12588</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hastings%2C+William%2C+first+Baron+Hastings+%28c.1430%E2%80%931483%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F12588&rft.aulast=Horrox&rft.aufirst=Rosemary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hastings%2C+1st+Baron+Hastings" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicolas1826" class="citation book cs1">Nicolas, Nicholas Harris (1826). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/testamentavetust01nico#page/368/mode/2up"><i>Testamenta Vetusta</i></a>. Vol. I. London: Nicholas and Son. pp. 368–75<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Testamenta+Vetusta&rft.place=London&rft.pages=368-75&rft.pub=Nicholas+and+Son&rft.date=1826&rft.aulast=Nicolas&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+Harris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Ftestamentavetust01nico%23page%2F368%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hastings%2C+1st+Baron+Hastings" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicolas1836" class="citation book cs1">Nicolas, Nicholas Harris (1836). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XOgKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA421"><i>Testamenta Vetusta</i></a>. Vol. II. London: Nicholas and Son. p. 421<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Testamenta+Vetusta&rft.place=London&rft.pages=421&rft.pub=Nicholas+and+Son&rft.date=1836&rft.aulast=Nicolas&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+Harris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXOgKAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hastings%2C+1st+Baron+Hastings" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson_I2011" class="citation book cs1">Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). <i>Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families</i>. Vol. I (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4499-6637-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4499-6637-9"><bdi>978-1-4499-6637-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Magna+Carta+Ancestry%3A+A+Study+in+Colonial+and+Medieval+Families&rft.place=Salt+Lake+City&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4499-6637-9&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hastings%2C+1st+Baron+Hastings" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson_II2011" class="citation book cs1">Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). <i>Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families</i>. Vol. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4499-6638-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4499-6638-6"><bdi>978-1-4499-6638-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Magna+Carta+Ancestry%3A+A+Study+in+Colonial+and+Medieval+Families&rft.place=Salt+Lake+City&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4499-6638-6&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hastings%2C+1st+Baron+Hastings" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson_IV2011" class="citation book cs1">Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). <i>Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families</i>. Vol. IV (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4609-9270-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4609-9270-8"><bdi>978-1-4609-9270-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Magna+Carta+Ancestry%3A+A+Study+in+Colonial+and+Medieval+Families&rft.place=Salt+Lake+City&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4609-9270-8&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hastings%2C+1st+Baron+Hastings" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hastings,_1st_Baron_Hastings&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_Hastings,_1st_Baron_Hastings" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings">William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Brondarbit, Alexander. <i>Political Power-Brokers and the Yorkist State, 1461-1485</i> (Woodbridge, 2020)</li> <li>Carpenter, Christine. <i>The Wars of the Roses</i> (Cambridge, 1997)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig1953" class="citation book cs1">Craig, John (1953). <i>The Mint: A History of the London Mint from A.D. 287 to 1948</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 88–95. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0000CIHG7">B0000CIHG7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mint%3A+A+History+of+the+London+Mint+from+A.D.+287+to+1948&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pages=88-95&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1953&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB0000CIHG7%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hastings%2C+1st+Baron+Hastings" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Dunham, William Huse. <i>Lord Hastings' indentured retainers, 1461–1483</i> (New Haven, 1955)</li> <li>Hancock, Peter A. – <i>Richard III and the Murder in the Tower</i> (2009)</li> <li>Horrox, Rosemary. <i>Richard III</i> : a study of service (Cambridge, 1989)</li> <li>Kendall, Paul Murray, <i>Richard III</i>, London, Allen & Unwin (1955)</li> <li>Ross, Charles. <i>Edward IV</i> (Berkeley, 1974)</li> <li>Ross, Charles. <i>Richard III</i> (1981)</li> <li>Seward, Desmond. <i>A Brief History of the Wars of the Roses</i> (Robinson, 1995)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolffe1974" class="citation journal cs1">Wolffe, B.P. (1 October 1974). "When and why did Hastings lose his head?". <i><a href="/wiki/The_English_Historical_Review" title="The English Historical Review">The English Historical Review</a></i>. <b>89</b> (353): 835–844. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2FLXXXIX.CCCLIII.835">10.1093/ehr/LXXXIX.CCCLIII.835</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/566401">566401</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+English+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=When+and+why+did+Hastings+lose+his+head%3F&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=353&rft.pages=835-844&rft.date=1974-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2FLXXXIX.CCCLIII.835&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F566401%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Wolffe&rft.aufirst=B.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hastings%2C+1st+Baron+Hastings" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_England" title="Peerage of England">Peerage of England</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Baron_Hastings" title="Baron Hastings">Baron Hastings</a> </b><br />1461–1483 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hastings,_2nd_Baron_Hastings" title="Edward Hastings, 2nd Baron Hastings">Edward Hastings</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville,_5th_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury">The Earl of Salisbury</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain" title="Lord Chamberlain">Lord Chamberlain</a> </b><br />1461–1470 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain" title="Lord Chamberlain">Lord Chamberlain</a> </b><br />1471–1483 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lovell,_1st_Viscount_Lovell" title="Francis Lovell, 1st Viscount Lovell">The Viscount Lovell</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Sir Richard Tonstall</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Mint" title="Master of the Mint">Master of the Mint</a> </b><br />1461–1483 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brackenbury" title="Robert Brackenbury">Robert Brackenbury</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs" title="List of English monarchs">Monarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Red_Rose_of_Lancaster" title="Red Rose of Lancaster"><img alt="Red Rose Badge of Lancaster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/15px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/23px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/30px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_IV" title="Edward IV">Edward IV</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/White_Rose_of_York" title="White Rose of York"><img alt="White Rose of York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/15px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/23px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/30px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_V" title="Edward V">Edward V</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/White_Rose_of_York" title="White Rose of York"><img alt="White Rose of York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/15px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/23px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/30px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard III</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/White_Rose_of_York" title="White Rose of York"><img alt="White Rose of York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/15px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/23px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/30px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tudor_rose" title="Tudor rose"><img alt="Tudor rose" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/15px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/23px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/30px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">Lancaster</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Red_Rose_of_Lancaster" title="Red Rose of Lancaster"><img alt="Red Rose Badge of Lancaster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/50px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/75px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/100px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/House_of_Tudor" title="House of Tudor">Tudor</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tudor_rose" title="Tudor rose"><img alt="Tudor rose" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/50px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/75px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/100px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou, Queen of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville">Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_4"><sup>4</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_of_Westminster,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales">Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Beaufort,_2nd_Duke_of_Somerset" title="Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset">Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Beaufort_(died_1471)" title="Edmund Beaufort (died 1471)">Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Beaumont,_1st_Viscount_Beaumont" title="John Beaumont, 1st Viscount Beaumont">John Beaumont, Viscount Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Beaufort,_3rd_Duke_of_Somerset" title="Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset">Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sutton,_1st_Baron_Dudley" title="John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley">John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Butler,_5th_Earl_of_Ormond" title="James Butler, 5th Earl of Ormond">James Butler, Earl of Ormond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Butler,_6th_Earl_of_Ormond" title="John Butler, 6th Earl of Ormond">John Butler, Earl of Ormond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Clifford,_9th_Baron_Clifford" title="John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford">John Clifford, Baron Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Courtenay,_15th_Earl_of_Devon" title="John Courtenay, 15th Earl of Devon">John Courtenay, Earl of Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Holland,_3rd_Duke_of_Exeter" title="Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter">Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Neville,_Baron_Neville" title="John Neville, Baron Neville">John Neville, Baron Neville</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Neville,_1st_Marquess_of_Montagu" title="John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu">John Neville, Marquess of Montagu</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick">Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Neville_(died_1471)" title="Thomas Neville (died 1471)">Thomas Neville, Bastard of Fauconberg</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Percy,_2nd_Earl_of_Northumberland" title="Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland">Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Percy,_3rd_Earl_of_Northumberland" title="Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland">Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ros,_9th_Baron_Ros" title="Thomas Ros, 9th Baron Ros">Thomas Ros, Baron Ros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stafford,_2nd_Duke_of_Buckingham" title="Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham">Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_4"><sup>4</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Stafford,_1st_Duke_of_Buckingham" title="Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham">Humphrey Stafford, Duke of Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stanley,_1st_Earl_of_Derby" title="Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby">Thomas Stanley, Earl of Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stanley,_9th_Baron_Strange" title="George Stanley, 9th Baron Strange">George Stanley, Baron Strange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stanley_(died_1495)" title="William Stanley (died 1495)">William Stanley</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_4"><sup>4</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Talbot,_4th_Earl_of_Shrewsbury" title="George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury">George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Talbot,_2nd_Earl_of_Shrewsbury" title="John Talbot, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury">John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Trollope" title="Andrew Trollope">Andrew Trollope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Clifford,_8th_Baron_Clifford" title="Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron Clifford">Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tuchet,_5th_Baron_Audley" title="James Tuchet, 5th Baron Audley">James Tuchet, Baron Audley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Tudor,_1st_Earl_of_Richmond" title="Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond">Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Tudor" title="Jasper Tudor">Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_5"><sup>5</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Margaret_Beaufort" title="Lady Margaret Beaufort">Margaret Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Tudor" title="Owen Tudor">Owen Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Woodville,_Lord_Scales" title="Edward Woodville, Lord Scales">Edward Woodville, Lord Scales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_York" title="House of York">York</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/White_Rose_of_York" title="White Rose of York"><img alt="White Rose of York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/50px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/75px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/100px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Neville" title="Anne Neville">Anne Neville, Queen of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_de_la_Pole,_Earl_of_Lincoln" title="John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln">John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_FitzGerald,_7th_Earl_of_Desmond" title="Thomas FitzGerald, 7th Earl of Desmond">Thomas FitzGerald, Earl of Desmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Herbert,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke_(died_1469)" title="William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1469)">William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Hastings, Baron Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howard,_1st_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk">John Howard, Duke of Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lovell,_1st_Viscount_Lovell" title="Francis Lovell, 1st Viscount Lovell">Francis Lovell, Viscount Lovell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mowbray,_3rd_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk">John Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville,_5th_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury">Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Neville_(died_1460)" title="Thomas Neville (died 1460)">Sir Thomas Neville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Neville,_Earl_of_Kent" title="William Neville, Earl of Kent">William Neville, Earl of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Herbert_of_Coldbrook" title="Richard Herbert of Coldbrook">Sir Richard Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund,_Earl_of_Rutland" title="Edmund, Earl of Rutland">Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Plantagenet,_Duke_of_Clarence" title="George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence">George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Stafford,_1st_Earl_of_Devon" title="Humphrey Stafford, 1st Earl of Devon">Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_York" title="Margaret of York">Margaret of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York" title="Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York">Richard of York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_St_Albans" title="First Battle of St Albans">St Albans (First)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loveday_(1458)" title="Loveday (1458)">Loveday (1458)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blore_Heath" title="Battle of Blore Heath">Blore Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rout_of_Ludford_Bridge" title="Rout of Ludford Bridge">Ludford Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sandwich_(1460)" title="Battle of Sandwich (1460)">Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Tower_of_London_(1460)" title="Siege of the Tower of London (1460)">Siege of the Tower of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northampton_(1460)" title="Battle of Northampton (1460)">Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Worksop" title="Battle of Worksop">Worksop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wakefield" title="Battle of Wakefield">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mortimer%27s_Cross" title="Battle of Mortimer's Cross">Mortimer's Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_St_Albans" title="Second Battle of St Albans">St Albans (Second)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ferrybridge" title="Battle of Ferrybridge">Ferrybridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Towton" title="Battle of Towton">Towton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Piltown" title="Battle of Piltown">Piltown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hedgeley_Moor" title="Battle of Hedgeley Moor">Hedgeley Moor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hexham" title="Battle of Hexham">Hexham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Edgcote" title="Battle of Edgcote">Edgcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1470_Lincolnshire_Rebellion" title="1470 Lincolnshire Rebellion">1470 Lincolnshire Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Losecoat_Field" title="Battle of Losecoat Field">Losecoat Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Readeption_of_Henry_VI" title="Readeption of Henry VI">Readeption of Henry VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barnet" title="Battle of Barnet">Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tewkesbury" title="Battle of Tewkesbury">Tewkesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_London_(1471)" title="Siege of London (1471)">Siege of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham%27s_rebellion" title="Buckingham's rebellion">Buckingham's rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosworth_Field" title="Battle of Bosworth Field">Bosworth Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_and_Lovell_rebellion" title="Stafford and Lovell rebellion">Stafford and Lovell rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stoke_Field" title="Battle of Stoke Field">Stoke Field</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Accord" title="Act of Accord">Act of Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issue_of_Edward_III_of_England" title="Issue of Edward III of England">Issue of Edward III of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titulus_Regius" title="Titulus Regius">Titulus Regius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princes_in_the_Tower" title="Princes in the Tower">Princes in the Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonville%E2%80%93Courtenay_feud" title="Bonville–Courtenay feud">Bonville–Courtenay feud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy%E2%80%93Neville_feud" title="Percy–Neville feud">Percy–Neville feud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville%E2%80%93Neville_feud" title="Neville–Neville feud">Neville–Neville feud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perkin_Warbeck" title="Perkin Warbeck">Perkin Warbeck</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Deal" title="Battle of Deal">Battle of Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Cornish_uprising_of_1497" title="Second Cornish uprising of 1497">Second Cornish uprising of 1497</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span> Briefly joined the Lancastrians. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span> Briefly joined the Yorkists. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span> Defected from the Yorkist to the Lancastrian cause. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_4"><sup>4</sup></span> Initially a Yorkist who later supported the Tudor claim. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_5"><sup>5</sup></span> Initially a Lancastrian who later supported the Tudor claim. <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Category:Wars of the Roses">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Masters_of_the_Royal_Mint_(1331–1879)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Masters_of_the_Mint" title="Template:Masters of the Mint"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Masters_of_the_Mint" title="Template talk:Masters of the Mint"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Masters_of_the_Mint" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Masters of the Mint"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Masters_of_the_Royal_Mint_(1331–1879)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Mint" title="Master of the Mint">Masters</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mint" title="Royal Mint">Royal Mint</a> (1331–1879)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet" title="House of Plantagenet">House of Plantagenet</a><br />(1216–1399)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Richard de Snowshill/Richard of Grimsby (1331)</li> <li>Henry de Bruselee and John Chichester (1351–?)</li> <li>Walter dei Bardi (1361–1361)</li> <li>John Chichester (1365–1367)</li> <li>Walter dei Bardi (1375–1391)</li> <li>John Wildeman (1391–1391)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Houses of <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">Lancaster</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_York" title="House of York">York</a><br />(1399–1485)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Richard Garner (1411–1414)</li> <li>Sir Lewis John (1413–1414)</li> <li>Sir Lewis John (1418–1420)</li> <li>Bartholomew Goldbeter (1421–1432)</li> <li>John Paddesley (1435–1446)</li> <li>Robert Manfield (1446–1459)</li> <li>Sir Richard Tonstall (1459–1461)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Hastings</a> (1461–April 1483)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Brackenbury" title="Robert Brackenbury">Robert Brackenbury</a> (April–June 1483)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Brackenbury" title="Robert Brackenbury">Robert Brackenbury</a> (June 1483–1485)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Tudor" title="House of Tudor">House of Tudor</a><br />(1485–1603)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sir Giles Daubeney (1485–1490)</li> <li>Sir Bartholomew Reed and Robert Fenrother (1492–1498)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blount,_4th_Baron_Mountjoy" title="William Blount, 4th Baron Mountjoy">4th Baron Mountjoy</a> (1509–1534)</li> <li>Ralph Rowlet/Sir <a href="/wiki/Martin_Bowes" title="Martin Bowes">Martin Bowes</a> (1543)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Martin_Bowes" title="Martin Bowes">Martin Bowes</a> (1544)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_York_(Master_of_the_Mint)" title="John York (Master of the Mint)">Sir John York</a> (1547–1553)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Egerton_(mercer)" title="Thomas Egerton (mercer)">Thomas Egerton</a> (1553–1555)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stanley_(Royal_Mint)" title="Thomas Stanley (Royal Mint)">Thomas Stanley</a> (1560–1571)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lonyson" title="John Lonyson">John Lonyson</a> (1571–1582)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Martin_(Lord_Mayor_of_London)" title="Richard Martin (Lord Mayor of London)">Sir Richard Martin</a> (1582–1603)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Stuart" title="House of Stuart">House of Stuart</a><br />(1603–1649)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Martin_(Lord_Mayor_of_London)" title="Richard Martin (Lord Mayor of London)">Sir Richard Martin</a> (1603–1609)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Villiers_(Master_of_the_Mint)" title="Edward Villiers (Master of the Mint)">Sir Edward Villiers</a> (1617–1623)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Randal_Cranfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Randal Cranfield (page does not exist)">Randal Cranfield</a> (1623–1626)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Harley_(1579%E2%80%931656)" title="Robert Harley (1579–1656)">Robert Harley</a> (1626–1635)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Freeman_(lawyer)" title="Ralph Freeman (lawyer)">Ralph Freeman</a>/Sir <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Aylesbury,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Thomas Aylesbury, 1st Baronet">Thomas Aylesbury</a> (1635–1643)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Harley_(1579%E2%80%931656)" title="Robert Harley (1579–1656)">Robert Harley</a> (1643–1649)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interregnum_(1649%E2%80%931660)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interregnum (1649–1660)">Interregnum</a><br />(1649–1660)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aaron_Guerdon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aaron Guerdon (page does not exist)">Aaron Guerdon</a> (1649–1653)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Stuart" title="House of Stuart">House of Stuart</a><br />(1660–1714)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Freeman_(lawyer)" title="Ralph Freeman (lawyer)">Ralph Freeman</a> (1660–1662)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Freeman_(lawyer)" title="Ralph Freeman (lawyer)">Ralph Freeman</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_Slingsby_(Master_of_the_Mint)" title="Henry Slingsby (Master of the Mint)">Henry Slingsby</a> (1662–1667)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Slingsby_(Master_of_the_Mint)" title="Henry Slingsby (Master of the Mint)">Henry Slingsby</a> (1667–1680)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Buckworth-Herne-Soame_baronets" title="Buckworth-Herne-Soame baronets">John Buckworth</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_Duncombe_(English_banker)" title="Charles Duncombe (English banker)">Charles Duncombe</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hoare_(gold_merchant)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Hoare (gold merchant) (page does not exist)">James Hoare</a> (1680–1684)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Neale" title="Thomas Neale">Thomas Neale</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_Duncombe_(Lord_Mayor_of_the_City_of_London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Duncombe (Lord Mayor of the City of London)">Charles Duncombe</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hoare_(gold_merchant)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Hoare (gold merchant) (page does not exist)">James Hoare</a> (1684–1686)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Neale" title="Thomas Neale">Thomas Neale</a> (1686–1699)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> (1700–1714)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Hanover" title="House of Hanover">House of Hanover</a><br />(1714–1901)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> (1714–1727)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Conduitt" title="John Conduitt">John Conduitt</a> (1727–1737)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Arundell_(died_1758)" title="Richard Arundell (died 1758)">Hon. Richard Arundell</a> (1737–1745)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Chetwynd,_3rd_Viscount_Chetwynd" title="William Chetwynd, 3rd Viscount Chetwynd">3rd Viscount Chetwynd</a> (1745–1769)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cadogan,_1st_Earl_Cadogan" title="Charles Cadogan, 1st Earl Cadogan">1st Earl Cadogan</a> (1769–1784)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_3rd_Earl_of_Effingham" title="Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of Effingham">3rd Earl of Effingham</a> (1784–1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Stanhope,_5th_Earl_of_Chesterfield" title="Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl of Chesterfield">5th Earl of Chesterfield</a> (1789–1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Townshend,_2nd_Marquess_Townshend" title="George Townshend, 2nd Marquess Townshend">2nd Marquess Townshend</a> (1790–1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Yonge,_5th_Baronet" title="Sir George Yonge, 5th Baronet">Sir George Yonge</a> (1794–1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">2nd Earl of Liverpool</a> (1799–1801)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Perceval,_2nd_Baron_Arden" title="Charles Perceval, 2nd Baron Arden">2nd Baron Arden</a> (1801–1802)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smyth_(1748%E2%80%931811)" title="John Smyth (1748–1811)">John Smyth</a> (1802–1804)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bathurst,_3rd_Earl_Bathurst" title="Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst">3rd Earl Bathurst</a> (1804–1806)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Charles_Spencer" title="Lord Charles Spencer">Lord Charles Spencer</a> (1806)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bathurst" title="Charles Bathurst">Charles Bathurst</a> (1806–1807)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bathurst,_3rd_Earl_Bathurst" title="Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst">3rd Earl Bathurst</a> (1807–1812)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Trench,_2nd_Earl_of_Clancarty" title="Richard Trench, 2nd Earl of Clancarty">2nd Earl of Clancarty</a> (1812–1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wellesley-Pole,_3rd_Earl_of_Mornington" title="William Wellesley-Pole, 3rd Earl of Mornington">3rd Earl of Mornington</a> (1814–1823)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wallace,_1st_Baron_Wallace" title="Thomas Wallace, 1st Baron Wallace">1st Baron Wallace</a> (1823–1827)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tierney" title="George Tierney">George Tierney</a> (1827–1828)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Herries" title="John Charles Herries">John Charles Herries</a> (1828–1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eden,_1st_Earl_of_Auckland" title="George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland">1st Earl of Auckland</a> (1830–1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Abercromby,_1st_Baron_Dunfermline" title="James Abercromby, 1st Baron Dunfermline">1st Baron Dunfermline</a> (1834–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Baring,_1st_Baron_Ashburton" title="Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton">1st Baron Ashburton</a> (1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Labouchere,_1st_Baron_Taunton" title="Henry Labouchere, 1st Baron Taunton">1st Baron Taunton</a> (1835–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a> (1841–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Clerk,_6th_Baronet" title="Sir George Clerk, 6th Baronet">Sir George Clerk</a> (1845–1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lalor_Sheil" title="Richard Lalor Sheil">Richard Lalor Sheil</a> (1846–1850)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a> (1850–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Graham_(chemist)" title="Thomas Graham (chemist)">Thomas Graham</a> (1855–1869)</li> <li>Vacant (1869–1879)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Office abolished in 1879 with duties given to the <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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