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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p>The <b>New Hampshire Senate</b> is the upper house of the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_General_Court" title="New Hampshire General Court">New Hampshire General Court</a>, alongside the lower <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_House_of_Representatives" title="New Hampshire House of Representatives">New Hampshire House of Representatives</a>. The Senate has been meeting since 1784.<sup id="cite_ref-New_Hampshire_Senate_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Hampshire_Senate-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Senate consists of 24 members representing Senate districts based on population. There are 14 <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a> and 10 <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> currently serving in the Senate. </p><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; border-top: 2px solid #E81B23; border-bottom: 2px solid #E81B23"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">New Hampshire State Senate</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_General_Court" title="New Hampshire General Court">New Hampshire General Court</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_New_Hampshire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coat of arms or logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Seal_of_New_Hampshire.svg/170px-Seal_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Seal_of_New_Hampshire.svg/255px-Seal_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Seal_of_New_Hampshire.svg/340px-Seal_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720"></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #E81B23; border-bottom: 2px solid #E81B23">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Term limits</div></th><td class="infobox-data">None</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #E81B23; border-bottom: 2px solid #E81B23">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">New session started</div></th><td class="infobox-data">December 7, 2022</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #E81B23; border-bottom: 2px solid #E81B23">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_New_Hampshire_Senate" title="List of presidents of the New Hampshire Senate">President</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bradley" title="Jeb Bradley">Jeb Bradley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>) <br>since December 7, 2022 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">President pro tempore</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/James_P._Gray_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="James P. Gray (New Hampshire politician)">James Gray</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>) <br>since December 7, 2022 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Majority Leader</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Carson" title="Sharon Carson">Sharon Carson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>) <br>since December 7, 2022 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Minority Leader</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Donna_Soucy" title="Donna Soucy">Donna Soucy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>) <br>since December 2, 2020 </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #E81B23; border-bottom: 2px solid #E81B23">Structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data">24</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Senate_Diagram_State_of_New_Hampshire_2014.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Senate_Diagram_State_of_New_Hampshire_2014.svg/250px-Senate_Diagram_State_of_New_Hampshire_2014.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Senate_Diagram_State_of_New_Hampshire_2014.svg/375px-Senate_Diagram_State_of_New_Hampshire_2014.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Senate_Diagram_State_of_New_Hampshire_2014.svg/500px-Senate_Diagram_State_of_New_Hampshire_2014.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185"></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Majority</b> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF0000; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire Republican Party">Republican</a> (14)</span></li></ul> <p><b>Minority</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0000FF; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Democratic_Party" title="New Hampshire Democratic Party">Democratic</a> (10)</span></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Length of term</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2 years</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Authority</th><td class="infobox-data">Part Second, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire Constitution">New Hampshire Constitution</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Salary</th><td class="infobox-data">$200/term + mileage</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #E81B23; border-bottom: 2px solid #E81B23">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2022_New_Hampshire_Senate_election" title="2022 New Hampshire Senate election">November 8, 2022</a><br>(24 seats)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Next election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2024_New_Hampshire_Senate_election" title="2024 New Hampshire Senate election">November 5, 2024</a><br>(24 seats)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Redistricting</th><td class="infobox-data">Legislative control</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #E81B23; border-bottom: 2px solid #E81B23">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Hampshire_State_Senate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/New_Hampshire_State_Senate.jpg/220px-New_Hampshire_State_Senate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/New_Hampshire_State_Senate.jpg/330px-New_Hampshire_State_Senate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/New_Hampshire_State_Senate.jpg/440px-New_Hampshire_State_Senate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="1876"></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label">State Senate Chamber<br><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_State_House" title="New Hampshire State House">New Hampshire State House</a><br><a href="/wiki/Concord,_New_Hampshire" title="Concord, New Hampshire">Concord</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #E81B23; border-bottom: 2px solid #E81B23">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gencourt.state.nh.us/Senate">gencourt<wbr></wbr>.state<wbr></wbr>.nh<wbr></wbr>.us<wbr></wbr>/Senate</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#2023%E2%80%932024_biennial_session"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">2023–2024 biennial session</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Composition%5B7%5D"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Composition<sup><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></sup></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Leadership"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Leadership</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Committee_leadership"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Committee leadership</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Members_of_the_New_Hampshire_Senate%5B7%5D"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Members of the New Hampshire Senate<sup><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></sup></span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Past_composition_of_the_Senate"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Past composition of the Senate</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=New_Hampshire_Senate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Hampshire#1776_Constitution" title="Constitution of New Hampshire">1776 Constitution</a>, two chambers of the legislature were formed: the <b>House of Assembly</b> and the <b>Council</b>, the predecessors to the modern-day <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_House_of_Representatives" title="New Hampshire House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> and Senate. The Council was originally elected by the House and was composed of twelve members: five from <a href="/wiki/Rockingham_County,_New_Hampshire" title="Rockingham County, New Hampshire">Rockingham County</a>; two each from <a href="/wiki/Cheshire_County,_New_Hampshire" title="Cheshire County, New Hampshire">Cheshire County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hillsborough_County,_New_Hampshire" title="Hillsborough County, New Hampshire">Hillsborough County</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Strafford_County,_New_Hampshire" title="Strafford County, New Hampshire">Strafford County</a>; and one from <a href="/wiki/Grafton_County,_New_Hampshire" title="Grafton County, New Hampshire">Grafton County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1784, the state constitution was entirely rewritten, and the upper chamber was reconstituted as the popularly elected <b>Senate</b>. It was originally composed of twelve members to be elected from multi-member districts drawn by the legislature,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this was increased to twenty-four members in 1879. Until districts were drawn, the apportionment of the Senate was continued from the 1776 Constitution. This constitution also imposed a majority-vote requirement for State Senate elections. If no candidate won a majority of the vote, a vacancy was declared and the full General Court would pick from the top two candidates. Similarly, if a vacancy occurred while the legislature was in session, the General Court would pick the successor from the top two remaining candidates. The constitution was amended in 1889 to provide that session vacancies would be filled by special elections and in 1912 to abolish the majority-vote requirement altogether.<sup id="cite_ref-new_england_state_senates_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new_england_state_senates-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1784 and 1912, more than 200 state senate vacancies were filled by a full vote of the legislature. During some years, nearly 60% of the State Senate was selected through this method, which frequently determined which party controlled the Senate majority. An analysis of the vacancy-filling patterns shows that the General Court was overwhelmingly likely to fill vacancies based on the party affiliation of the eligible candidates. In cases in which session vacancies were filled, the General Court occasionally selected third-party or independent candidates, who received no more than a handful of votes, over opposing major-party candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-new_england_state_senates_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new_england_state_senates-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The predictability of the vacancy-filling procedures sometimes led to conflict. In 1875, outgoing Democratic Governor <a href="/wiki/James_A._Weston" title="James A. Weston">James A. Weston</a> exercised his constitutional power to issue "summonses" to the winners of legislative elections to avoid the General Court filling two vacancies. In two districts, Democratic candidates won pluralities, but not majorities; the narrow Republican majority in the State House likely meant that the Republican candidates would be elected. The Senate was tied 5–5, so the allocation of the two contested seats would determine control. Weston, along with the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_New_Hampshire" title="Executive Council of New Hampshire">Executive Council</a>, invalidated votes cast for Republican Senators in two districts on the grounds that the votes were not cast in the candidates' "Christian names." They instead issued summonses to the Democratic candidates, who were seated by the Senate. The 7–5 Democratic majority then rejected a Republican challenge to the Democrats' qualifications, and the Republican minority sought an advisory opinion from the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Supreme_Court" title="New Hampshire Supreme Court">New Hampshire Supreme Court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-new_england_state_senates_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new_england_state_senates-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state supreme court concluded that "the action of the senate is <i>final</i>," and affirmed the seating of the Senators.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1912, the voters approved a constitutional amendment removing the majority-vote requirement for all elections. That year, however, the <a href="/wiki/1912_New_Hampshire_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 New Hampshire gubernatorial election">gubernatorial election</a> failed to produce a majority winner, as did four State Senate elections. After concluding that the amendment applied after the election, not to it, the General Court proceeded to fill the vacancies. An unexpected alliance between Democrats and <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1912)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1912)">Progressive Republicans</a> led to Democrat <a href="/wiki/Samuel_D._Felker" title="Samuel D. Felker">Samuel D. Felker</a> elected Governor, <a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Hollis" title="Henry F. Hollis">Henry F. Hollis</a> elected to the U.S. Senate, four Democrats selected to fill the State Senate vacancies, and a Progressive Republican as the Speaker of the House.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="2023–2024_biennial_session"><span id="2023.E2.80.932024_biennial_session"></span>2023–2024 biennial session</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=New_Hampshire_Senate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 2023–2024 biennial session" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Composition[7]"><span id="Composition.5B7.5D"></span>Composition<sup id="cite_ref-gencourt.state.nh.us_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gencourt.state.nh.us-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=New_Hampshire_Senate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Composition[7]" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;"> <th rowspan="3">Affiliation </th> <th colspan="2">Party <div style="font-size:80%">(Shading indicates majority caucus)</div> </th> <th rowspan="3">Total </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr style="height:5px"> <td style="background-color:#3333FF"> </td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23"> </td> <td style="background: black"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Democratic_Party" title="New Hampshire Democratic Party">Democratic</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire Republican Party">Republican</a> </th> <th>Vacant </th></tr> <tr> <th nowrap style="font-size:80%">End of 164th General Court </th> <td>10 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">13 </td> <th>23 </th> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <th nowrap style="font-size:80%">165th General Court </th> <td>10 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">14 </td> <th>24 </th> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <th nowrap style="font-size:80%">166th General Court </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">14 </td> <td>10 </td> <th>24 </th> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <th nowrap style="font-size:80%">167th General Court </th> <td>10 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">14 </td> <th>24 </th> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <th nowrap style="font-size:80%">Start of 168th General Court </th> <td>10 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">14 </td> <th>24 </th> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Latest voting share </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7001416666666666666♠" style="display:none"></span>42% </th> <th style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><span data-sort-value="7001583333333333333♠" style="display:none"></span>58% </th> <th colspan="2"> </th></tr> <tr> <th>2025-26 General Court (169th) </th> <th>33% </th> <th>67% </th> <th>24 </th> <th> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leadership">Leadership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=New_Hampshire_Senate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Leadership" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Position<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Name</th> <th>Party</th> <th>District </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_New_Hampshire_Senate" title="List of presidents of the New Hampshire Senate">President of the Senate</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bradley" title="Jeb Bradley">Jeb Bradley</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_3rd_State_Senate_District" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire's 3rd State Senate District">3</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Majority_leader" title="Majority leader">Majority Leader</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Carson" title="Sharon Carson">Sharon Carson</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_14th_State_Senate_District" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire's 14th State Senate District">14</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/President_Pro_Tempore" class="mw-redirect" title="President Pro Tempore">President Pro Tempore</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_P._Gray_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="James P. Gray (New Hampshire politician)">James Gray</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_6th_State_Senate_District" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire's 6th State Senate District">6</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Whip_(politics)" title="Whip (politics)">Majority Whip</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Regina_Birdsell" title="Regina Birdsell">Regina Birdsell</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_19th_State_Senate_District" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire's 19th State Senate District">19</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Majority_leader" title="Majority leader">Assistant Majority Leader</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Innis" title="Daniel Innis">Daniel Innis</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_7th_State_Senate_District" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire's 7th State Senate District">7</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Minority_leader" title="Minority leader">Minority Leader</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Donna_Soucy" title="Donna Soucy">Donna Soucy</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Democratic Party">Democratic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_18th_State_Senate_District" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire's 18th State Senate District">18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Minority_leader" title="Minority leader">Deputy Minority Leader</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cindy_Rosenwald" title="Cindy Rosenwald">Cindy Rosenwald</a></td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Democratic Party">Democratic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_13th_State_Senate_District" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire's 13th State Senate District">13</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Committee_leadership">Committee leadership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=New_Hampshire_Senate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Committee leadership" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Committee<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Chair</th> <th>Vice Chair</th> <th>Ranking Member </th></tr> <tr> <th>Capital Budget </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Innis" title="Daniel Innis">Daniel Innis</a> (R)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_P._Gray_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="James P. Gray (New Hampshire politician)">James Gray</a> (R)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lou_D%27Allesandro" title="Lou D'Allesandro">Lou D'Allesandro</a> (D) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Commerce </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gannon_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Bill Gannon (New Hampshire politician)">Bill Gannon</a> (R)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Denise_Ricciardi" title="Denise Ricciardi">Denise Ricciardi</a> (R)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Donna_Soucy" title="Donna Soucy">Donna Soucy</a> (D) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Education </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Ward" title="Ruth Ward">Ruth Ward</a> (R)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Gendreau" title="Carrie Gendreau">Carrie Gendreau</a> (R)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Prentiss" title="Suzanne Prentiss">Suzanne Prentiss</a> (D) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Election Law, Municipal Affairs and Redistricting </th> <td><a href="/wiki/James_P._Gray_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="James P. Gray (New Hampshire politician)">James Gray</a> (R)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Keith_Murphy" title="Keith Murphy">Keith Murphy</a> (R)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Donna_Soucy" title="Donna Soucy">Donna Soucy</a> (D) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Energy and Natural Resources </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Avard" title="Kevin Avard">Kevin Avard</a> (R)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Howard_Pearl" title="Howard Pearl">Howard Pearl</a> (R)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_H._Watters" title="David H. Watters">David Watters</a> (D) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Executive Departments and Administration </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Howard_Pearl" title="Howard Pearl">Howard Pearl</a> (R)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Carson" title="Sharon Carson">Sharon Carson</a> (R)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Perkins_Kwoka" title="Rebecca Perkins Kwoka">Rebecca Perkins Kwoka</a> (D) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Finance </th> <td><a href="/wiki/James_P._Gray_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="James P. Gray (New Hampshire politician)">James Gray</a> (R)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Innis" title="Daniel Innis">Daniel Innis</a> (R)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lou_D%27Allesandro" title="Lou D'Allesandro">Lou D'Allesandro</a> (D) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Health and Human Services </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Regina_Birdsell" title="Regina Birdsell">Regina Birdsell</a> (R)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Avard" title="Kevin Avard">Kevin Avard</a> (R)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Becky_Whitley" title="Becky Whitley">Becky Whitley</a> (D) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Judiciary </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Carson" title="Sharon Carson">Sharon Carson</a> (R)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gannon_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Bill Gannon (New Hampshire politician)">Bill Gannon</a> (R)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Becky_Whitley" title="Becky Whitley">Becky Whitley</a> (D) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rules and Enrolled Bills </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Avard" title="Kevin Avard">Kevin Avard</a> (R)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Carson" title="Sharon Carson">Sharon Carson</a> (R)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cindy_Rosenwald" title="Cindy Rosenwald">Cindy Rosenwald</a> (D) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Transportation </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Denise_Ricciardi" title="Denise Ricciardi">Denise Ricciardi</a> (R)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_H._Watters" title="David H. Watters">David Watters</a> (D)</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ways and Means </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Lang_Sr." title="Timothy Lang Sr.">Timothy Lang Sr.</a> (R)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lou_D%27Allesandro" title="Lou D'Allesandro">Lou D'Allesandro</a> (D)</td> <td>N/A </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Members_of_the_New_Hampshire_Senate[7]"><span id="Members_of_the_New_Hampshire_Senate.5B7.5D"></span>Members of the New Hampshire Senate<sup id="cite_ref-gencourt.state.nh.us_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gencourt.state.nh.us-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=New_Hampshire_Senate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Members of the New Hampshire Senate[7]" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Hampshire_State_Senate_Map_Current.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/New_Hampshire_State_Senate_Map_Current.svg/330px-New_Hampshire_State_Senate_Map_Current.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="194" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3436" data-file-height="2019"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 330px;height: 194px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/New_Hampshire_State_Senate_Map_Current.svg/330px-New_Hampshire_State_Senate_Map_Current.svg.png" data-width="330" data-height="194" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/New_Hampshire_State_Senate_Map_Current.svg/495px-New_Hampshire_State_Senate_Map_Current.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/New_Hampshire_State_Senate_Map_Current.svg/660px-New_Hampshire_State_Senate_Map_Current.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Map of former (March 2021) partisan composition of legislative districts for state senate: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffb6b6; color:black;"> </span> Republican senator</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#b0ceff; color:black;"> </span> Democratic senator</div> </figcaption></figure> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>District </th> <th>Senator </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Residence </th> <th>First elected </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_1st_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 1st State Senate district">1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Gendreau" title="Carrie Gendreau">Carrie Gendreau</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Rep </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Littleton,_New_Hampshire" title="Littleton, New Hampshire">Littleton</a> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_2nd_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 2nd State Senate district">2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Lang_Sr." title="Timothy Lang Sr.">Timothy Lang Sr.</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Rep </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sanbornton,_New_Hampshire" title="Sanbornton, New Hampshire">Sanbornton</a> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_3rd_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 3rd State Senate district">3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bradley" title="Jeb Bradley">Jeb Bradley</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Rep </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wolfeboro,_New_Hampshire" title="Wolfeboro, New Hampshire">Wolfeboro</a> </td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_4th_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 4th State Senate district">4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_H._Watters" title="David H. Watters">David Watters</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dover,_New_Hampshire" title="Dover, New Hampshire">Dover</a> </td> <td>2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_5th_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 5th State Senate district">5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Prentiss" title="Suzanne Prentiss">Suzanne Prentiss</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lebanon,_New_Hampshire" title="Lebanon, New Hampshire">Lebanon</a> </td> <td>2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_6th_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 6th State Senate district">6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_P._Gray_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="James P. Gray (New Hampshire politician)">James Gray</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Rep </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_Hampshire" title="Rochester, New Hampshire">Rochester</a> </td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_7th_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 7th State Senate district">7</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Innis" title="Daniel Innis">Daniel Innis</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Rep </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bradford,_New_Hampshire" title="Bradford, New Hampshire">Bradford</a> </td> <td>2022 (2016-2018) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_8th_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 8th State Senate district">8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Ward" title="Ruth Ward">Ruth Ward</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Rep </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stoddard,_New_Hampshire" title="Stoddard, New Hampshire">Stoddard</a> </td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_9th_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 9th State Senate district">9</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Denise_Ricciardi" title="Denise Ricciardi">Denise Ricciardi</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Rep </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bedford,_New_Hampshire" title="Bedford, New Hampshire">Bedford</a> </td> <td>2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_10th_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 10th State Senate district">10</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Donovan_Fenton" title="Donovan Fenton">Donovan Fenton</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Keene,_New_Hampshire" title="Keene, New Hampshire">Keene</a> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_11th_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 11th State Senate district">11</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Chandley" title="Shannon Chandley">Shannon Chandley</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amherst,_New_Hampshire" title="Amherst, New Hampshire">Amherst</a> </td> <td>2022 (2018–2020) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_12th_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 12th State Senate district">12</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Avard" title="Kevin Avard">Kevin Avard</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Rep </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nashua,_New_Hampshire" title="Nashua, New Hampshire">Nashua</a> </td> <td>2020 (2014–2018) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_13th_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 13th State Senate district">13</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cindy_Rosenwald" title="Cindy Rosenwald">Cindy Rosenwald</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nashua,_New_Hampshire" title="Nashua, New Hampshire">Nashua</a> </td> <td>2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_14th_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 14th State Senate district">14</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Carson" title="Sharon Carson">Sharon Carson</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Rep </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Londonderry,_New_Hampshire" title="Londonderry, New Hampshire">Londonderry</a> </td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_15th_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 15th State Senate district">15</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Becky_Whitley" title="Becky Whitley">Becky Whitley</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Contoocook,_New_Hampshire" title="Contoocook, New Hampshire">Contoocook</a> </td> <td>2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_16th_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 16th State Senate district">16</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Keith_Murphy" title="Keith Murphy">Keith Murphy</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Rep </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester</a> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_17th_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 17th State Senate district">17</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Howard_Pearl" title="Howard Pearl">Howard Pearl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Rep </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Loudon,_New_Hampshire" title="Loudon, New Hampshire">Loudon</a> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_18th_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 18th State Senate district">18</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Donna_Soucy" title="Donna Soucy">Donna Soucy</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester</a> </td> <td>2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_19th_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 19th State Senate district">19</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Regina_Birdsell" title="Regina Birdsell">Regina Birdsell</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Rep </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hampstead,_New_Hampshire" title="Hampstead, New Hampshire">Hampstead</a> </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_20th_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 20th State Senate district">20</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lou_D%27Allesandro" title="Lou D'Allesandro">Lou D'Allesandro</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester</a> </td> <td>1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_21st_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 21st State Senate district">21</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Perkins_Kwoka" title="Rebecca Perkins Kwoka">Rebecca Kwoka</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_New_Hampshire" title="Portsmouth, New Hampshire">Portsmouth</a> </td> <td>2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_22nd_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 22nd State Senate district">22</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daryl_Abbas" title="Daryl Abbas">Daryl Abbas</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Rep </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salem,_New_Hampshire" title="Salem, New Hampshire">Salem</a> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_23rd_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 23rd State Senate district">23</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gannon_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Bill Gannon (New Hampshire politician)">Bill Gannon</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">Rep </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sandown,_New_Hampshire" title="Sandown, New Hampshire">Sandown</a> </td> <td>2020 (2016–2018) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_24th_State_Senate_district" title="New Hampshire's 24th State Senate district">24</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Debra_Altschiller" title="Debra Altschiller">Debra Altschiller</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">Dem </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stratham,_New_Hampshire" title="Stratham, New Hampshire">Stratham</a> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Past_composition_of_the_Senate">Past composition of the Senate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=New_Hampshire_Senate&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Past composition of the Senate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_New_Hampshire" title="Political party strength in New Hampshire">Political party strength in New Hampshire</a></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=New_Hampshire_Senate&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="440"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Hampshire" title="Portal:New Hampshire">New Hampshire portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_House_of_Representatives" title="New Hampshire House of Representatives">New Hampshire House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Hampshire_General_Courts" title="List of New Hampshire General Courts">List of New Hampshire General Courts</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=New_Hampshire_Senate&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-New_Hampshire_Senate-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-New_Hampshire_Senate_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/Senate/About_Senate/fast_facts.aspx">"New Hampshire Senate"</a>. <i>gencourt.state.nh.us</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gencourt.state.nh.us&rft.atitle=New+Hampshire+Senate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gencourt.state.nh.us%2FSenate%2FAbout_Senate%2Ffast_facts.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Hampshire+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 3 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Hampshire" title="Constitution of New Hampshire">Constitution of New Hampshire</a> (1776)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 2, Section 34 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Hampshire" title="Constitution of New Hampshire">Constitution of New Hampshire</a> (1784)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-new_england_state_senates-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-new_england_state_senates_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-new_england_state_senates_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-new_england_state_senates_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeargain2021" class="citation journal cs1">Yeargain, Tyler (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholars.unh.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1405&context=unh_lr">"New England State Senates: Case Studies for Revisiting the Indirect Election of Legislators"</a>. <i>University of New Hampshire Law Review</i>. <b>19</b> (2)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+of+New+Hampshire+Law+Review&rft.atitle=New+England+State+Senates%3A+Case+Studies+for+Revisiting+the+Indirect+Election+of+Legislators&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Yeargain&rft.aufirst=Tyler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholars.unh.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1405%26context%3Dunh_lr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Hampshire+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>Opinion of the Justices</i></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/59145ee3add7b04934210e0d">56 N.H. 570</a>, 573 (N.H. 1875).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1987" class="citation book cs1">Wright, James (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SToPAAAACAAJ"><i>The Progressive Yankees: Republican Reformers in New Hampshire, 1906–1916</i></a>. University Press of New England. pp. 143–44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781584652618" title="Special:BookSources/9781584652618"><bdi>9781584652618</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Progressive+Yankees%3A+Republican+Reformers+in+New+Hampshire%2C+1906%E2%80%931916&rft.pages=143-44&rft.pub=University+Press+of+New+England&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9781584652618&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSToPAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Hampshire+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gencourt.state.nh.us-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gencourt.state.nh.us_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gencourt.state.nh.us_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/Senate/members/senate_roster.aspx">"New Hampshire Senate"</a>. <i>gencourt.state.nh.us</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gencourt.state.nh.us&rft.atitle=New+Hampshire+Senate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gencourt.state.nh.us%2FSenate%2Fmembers%2Fsenate_roster.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Hampshire+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/Senate/members/leadership.aspx">"New Hampshire Senate"</a>. <i>gencourt.state.nh.us</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gencourt.state.nh.us&rft.atitle=New+Hampshire+Senate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gencourt.state.nh.us%2FSenate%2Fmembers%2Fleadership.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Hampshire+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gencourt.state.nh.us/senate/committees/Senate_Committees.aspx">"Senate Standing Committees"</a>. <i>gencourt.state.nh.us</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gencourt.state.nh.us&rft.atitle=Senate+Standing+Committees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgencourt.state.nh.us%2Fsenate%2Fcommittees%2FSenate_Committees.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Hampshire+Senate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=New_Hampshire_Senate&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> 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.geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=New_Hampshire_Senate&params=43_12_28.6_N_71_32_09.6_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°12′28.6″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°32′09.6″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.207944°N 71.536000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.207944; -71.536000</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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data-user-name="BasedGigachad" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1731645116"> <span>Last edited on 15 November 2024, at 04:31</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AE_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="مجلس شيوخ نيوهامبشير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجلس شيوخ نيوهامبشير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire_Chham-g%C4%AB-%C4%AB%E2%81%BF" title="New Hampshire Chham-gī-īⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="New Hampshire Chham-gī-īⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senat_von_New_Hampshire" title="Senat von New Hampshire – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Senat von New Hampshire" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9nat_du_New_Hampshire" title="Sénat du New Hampshire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sénat du New Hampshire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senato_del_New_Hampshire" title="Senato del New Hampshire – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Senato del New Hampshire" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%98_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8" title="הסנאט של ניו המפשייר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הסנאט של ניו המפשייר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E5%B7%9E%E8%AD%B0%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%83%E8%80%81%E9%99%A2" title="ニューハンプシャー州議会元老院 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニューハンプシャー州議会元老院" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshires_senat" title="New Hampshires senat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="New Hampshires senat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BD%95%E5%B8%83%E4%BB%80%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%9E%E5%8F%82%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" title="新罕布什尔州参议院 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="新罕布什尔州参议院" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 November 2024, at 04:31<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li 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