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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swordfish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Swordfish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swordfish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Alternatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_gillnets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_gillnets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Types of gillnets</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_of_gillnets-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types of gillnets subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_gillnets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Set_gillnets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Set_gillnets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Set gillnets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Set_gillnets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Encircling_gillnets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Encircling_gillnets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Encircling gillnets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Encircling_gillnets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combined_gillnets-trammel_nets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combined_gillnets-trammel_nets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Combined gillnets-trammel nets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combined_gillnets-trammel_nets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drift_nets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drift_nets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Drift nets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drift_nets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gillnets_and_entangling_nets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gillnets_and_entangling_nets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Gillnets and entangling nets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gillnets_and_entangling_nets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Eilif_Peterssen-Laksefiskeren_%281889%29.jpg/280px-Eilif_Peterssen-Laksefiskeren_%281889%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Eilif_Peterssen-Laksefiskeren_%281889%29.jpg/420px-Eilif_Peterssen-Laksefiskeren_%281889%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Eilif_Peterssen-Laksefiskeren_%281889%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="287" /></a><figcaption>Oil painting of gillnetting, <i>The salmon fisher</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Eilif_Peterssen" title="Eilif Peterssen">Eilif Peterssen</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gillnet_illustration.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Gillnet_illustration.PNG/300px-Gillnet_illustration.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Gillnet_illustration.PNG/450px-Gillnet_illustration.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Gillnet_illustration.PNG/600px-Gillnet_illustration.PNG 2x" data-file-width="938" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> illustration of a gillnet</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gillnetting</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a> method that uses gillnets: vertical panels of netting that hang from a line with regularly spaced floaters that hold the line on the surface of the water. The floats are sometimes called "corks" and the line with corks is generally referred to as a "cork line." The line along the bottom of the panels is generally weighted. Traditionally this line has been weighted with lead and may be referred to as "lead line." A gillnet is normally set in a straight line. Gillnets can be characterized by mesh size, as well as colour and type of filament from which they are made. Fish may be caught by gillnets in three ways: </p> <ol><li>Wedged – held by the mesh around the body.</li> <li>Gilled – held by mesh slipping behind the <a href="/wiki/Operculum_(fish)" title="Operculum (fish)">opercula</a>.</li> <li>Tangled – held by teeth, spines, <a href="/wiki/Maxilla" title="Maxilla">maxillaries</a>, or other protrusions without the body penetrating the mesh.</li></ol> <p>Most fish have gills. A fish swims into a net and passes only part way through the mesh. When it struggles to free itself, the twine slips behind the gill cover and prevents escape.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gillnets are so effective that their use is closely monitored and regulated by fisheries management and <a href="/wiki/Enforcement" title="Enforcement">enforcement</a> agencies. <a href="/wiki/Mesh_size" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesh size">Mesh size</a>, twine strength, as well as net length and depth are all closely regulated to reduce <a href="/wiki/Bycatch" title="Bycatch">bycatch</a> of non-target species. Gillnets have a high degree of size selectivity. Most <a href="/wiki/Salmon#Salmon_fisheries" title="Salmon">salmon fisheries</a> in particular have an extremely low incidence of catching non-target species.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BC_Bow_Picker_Mahalo_Kai_(Commercial_Salmon_Gillnetter).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="image of a commercial salmon bow picker, Mahalo Kai; drum holding net is located in the bow of the boat. The cabin is in the rear." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/BC_Bow_Picker_Mahalo_Kai_%28Commercial_Salmon_Gillnetter%29.jpg/220px-BC_Bow_Picker_Mahalo_Kai_%28Commercial_Salmon_Gillnetter%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/BC_Bow_Picker_Mahalo_Kai_%28Commercial_Salmon_Gillnetter%29.jpg/330px-BC_Bow_Picker_Mahalo_Kai_%28Commercial_Salmon_Gillnetter%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/BC_Bow_Picker_Mahalo_Kai_%28Commercial_Salmon_Gillnetter%29.jpg/440px-BC_Bow_Picker_Mahalo_Kai_%28Commercial_Salmon_Gillnetter%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Contemporary Canadian commercial salmon bowpicker on trailer. Gillnet is evident on the metal drum in the bow of the boat.</figcaption></figure> <p>A fishing vessel rigged to fish by gillnetting is a <b>gillnetter</b>. A gillnetter which deploys its gillnet from the <a href="/wiki/Bow_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow (ship)">bow</a> is a <b><a href="/wiki/File:BC_Bow_Picker_Mahalo_Kai_(Commercial_Salmon_Gillnetter).jpg" title="File:BC Bow Picker Mahalo Kai (Commercial Salmon Gillnetter).jpg">bowpicker</a></b>, while one which deploys its gillnet from the <a href="/wiki/Stern" title="Stern">stern</a> is a <b>sternpicker</b>. Gillnets differ from <a href="/wiki/Seine_fishing" title="Seine fishing">seines</a> in that the latter uses a tighter weave to trap fish in an enclosed space, rather than directly catching the fish as in a gillnet. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillnetting&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_fishing" title="History of fishing">History of fishing</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fish_and_Wildlife_Service_worker_on_boat_checking_gill_net_full_of_fish.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Fish_and_Wildlife_Service_worker_on_boat_checking_gill_net_full_of_fish.jpg/220px-Fish_and_Wildlife_Service_worker_on_boat_checking_gill_net_full_of_fish.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Fish_and_Wildlife_Service_worker_on_boat_checking_gill_net_full_of_fish.jpg/330px-Fish_and_Wildlife_Service_worker_on_boat_checking_gill_net_full_of_fish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Fish_and_Wildlife_Service_worker_on_boat_checking_gill_net_full_of_fish.jpg/440px-Fish_and_Wildlife_Service_worker_on_boat_checking_gill_net_full_of_fish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3976" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish and Wildlife Service">Fish and Wildlife Service</a> worker on boat checking gillnet full of fish.</figcaption></figure> <p>Gillnets existed in ancient times, as archaeological evidence from the Middle East demonstrates.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In North America, Native American fishermen used cedar canoes and natural fibre nets, e.g., made with nettles or the inner bark of cedar.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They would attach stones to the bottom of the nets as weights, and pieces of wood to the top, to use as floats. This allowed the net to suspend straight up and down in the water. Each net would be suspended either from shore or between two boats. Native fishers in the Pacific Northwest, Canada, and Alaska still commonly use gillnets in their fisheries for <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_trout" title="Rainbow trout">steelhead</a>. </p><p>Both drift gillnets and setnets have long been used by cultures around the world. There is evidence of fisheries exploitation, including gillnetting, going far back in Japanese history, with many specific details available from the <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a> (1603–1868).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fisheries in the <a href="/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland">Shetland</a> Islands, which were settled by <a href="/wiki/Norsemen" title="Norsemen">Norsemen</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a>, share cultural and technological similarities with Norwegian fisheries, including gillnet fisheries for herring.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the Norwegian immigrant fishermen who came to fish in the great Columbia River salmon fishery during the second half of the 19th century did so because they had experience in the gillnet fishery for cod in the waters surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Lofoten" title="Lofoten">Lofoten</a> Islands of northern <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gillnets were used as part of the seasonal round by <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> fishermen as well.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Welsh and English fishermen gillnetted for Atlantic salmon in the rivers of <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> in <a href="/wiki/Coracle" title="Coracle">coracles</a>, using hand-made nets, for at least several centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are but a few of the examples of historic gillnet fisheries around the world. </p><p>Gillnetting was an early fishing technology in colonial America,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title=""Colonial America" is not a [[proper name]] of any region. (But "colonial America" is ambiguous among (at least) the New World, the 13 Colonies, and North America north of the [[Rio Grande]] (February 2018)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup> used for example, in fisheries for Atlantic salmon and shad.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Immigrant fishermen from northern Europe and the Mediterranean brought a number of different adaptations of the technology from their respective homelands with them to the rapidly expanding salmon fisheries of the Columbia River from the 1860s onward.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The boats used by these fisherman were typically around 25 feet (8 m) long and powered by oars. Many of these boats also had small sails and were called "row-sail" boats. At the beginning of the 1900s, steam powered ships would haul these smaller boats to their fishing grounds and retrieve them at the end of each day. However, at that time <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">gas</a> powered boats were beginning to make their appearance, and by the 1930s, the row-sail boat had virtually disappeared, except in Bristol Bay, Alaska, where motors were prohibited in the gillnet fishery by territorial law until 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MENDING_A_GILLNET_ON_THE_DOCK_AT_ST._HELENS_ON_THE_COLUMBIA_RIVER_-_NARA_-_548102.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/MENDING_A_GILLNET_ON_THE_DOCK_AT_ST._HELENS_ON_THE_COLUMBIA_RIVER_-_NARA_-_548102.jpg/180px-MENDING_A_GILLNET_ON_THE_DOCK_AT_ST._HELENS_ON_THE_COLUMBIA_RIVER_-_NARA_-_548102.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/MENDING_A_GILLNET_ON_THE_DOCK_AT_ST._HELENS_ON_THE_COLUMBIA_RIVER_-_NARA_-_548102.jpg/270px-MENDING_A_GILLNET_ON_THE_DOCK_AT_ST._HELENS_ON_THE_COLUMBIA_RIVER_-_NARA_-_548102.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/MENDING_A_GILLNET_ON_THE_DOCK_AT_ST._HELENS_ON_THE_COLUMBIA_RIVER_-_NARA_-_548102.jpg/360px-MENDING_A_GILLNET_ON_THE_DOCK_AT_ST._HELENS_ON_THE_COLUMBIA_RIVER_-_NARA_-_548102.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A fisherman repairs a gillnet (April 1973, <a href="/wiki/St._Helens,_Oregon" title="St. Helens, Oregon">St. Helens, Oregon</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1931, the first powered drum was created by Laurie Jarelainen.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The drum is a circular device that is set to the side of the boat and draws in the nets. The powered drum allowed the nets to be drawn in much faster and along with the faster gas powered boats, fisherman were able to fish in areas they had previously been unable to go into, thereby revolutionizing the fishing industry. </p><p>During World War II, navigation and communication devices, as well as many other forms of maritime equipment (ex. depth-sounding and radar) were improved and made more compact. These devices became much more accessible to the average fisherman, thus making their range and mobility increasingly larger. It also served to make the industry much more competitive, as the fisherman were forced to invest more in boats and equipment to stay current with developing technology. </p><p>The introduction of fine <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic fibre">synthetic fibres</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">nylon</a> in the construction of fishing gear during the 1960s marked an expansion in the commercial use of gillnets. The new materials were cheaper and easier to handle, lasted longer and required less maintenance than natural fibres. In addition, <a href="/wiki/Multifilament_fishing_line" title="Multifilament fishing line">multifilament nylon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monofilament_fishing_line" title="Monofilament fishing line">monofilament</a> or <a href="/wiki/Braided_fishing_line" title="Braided fishing line">multimonofilament fibres</a> become almost invisible in water, so nets made with synthetic twines generally caught greater numbers of fish than natural fibre nets used in comparable situations. </p><p>Nylon is highly resistant to abrasion and degradation, hence the netting has the potential to last for many years if it is not recovered. This <a href="/wiki/Ghost_fishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghost fishing">ghost fishing</a> is of environmental concern. Attaching the gillnet floats with biodegradable material can reduce the problem.<sup id="cite_ref-gillnet_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gillnet-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However it is difficult to generalize about the longevity of ghost-fishing gillnets due to the varying environments in which they are used. Some researchers have found gill-nets still catching fish and crustaceans over a year after loss<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Kaiser"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillnetting#endnote_Kaiser">[1]</a></sup>, while others have found lost nets destroyed by wave action within one month<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Puente"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillnetting#endnote_Puente">[2]</a></sup> or overgrown with <a href="/wiki/Seaweed" title="Seaweed">seaweeds</a>, increasing their visibility and reducing their catching potential to such an extent that they became a microhabitat used by small fish.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Erzini"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillnetting#endnote_Erzini">[3]</a></sup> </p><p>This type of net was heavily used by many <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korean</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwanese</a> fishing fleets on the high seas in the 1980s to target <a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">tunas</a>. Although highly selective with respect to size class of animals captured, gillnets are associated with high numbers of incidental captures of <a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">cetaceans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">whales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">dolphins</a>). In the Sri Lankan gillnet fishery, one dolphin is caught for every 1.7–4.0 tonnes of tuna landed<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Hall"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillnetting#endnote_Hall">[4]</a></sup>. This compares poorly with the rate of one dolphin per 70 tonnes of tuna landed in the eastern Pacific <a href="/wiki/Purse_seine" class="mw-redirect" title="Purse seine">purse seine</a> tuna fishery. </p><p>Many types of gillnets are used by <a href="/wiki/Fisheries_science" title="Fisheries science">fisheries scientists</a> to monitor fish populations.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vertical gillnets are designed to allow scientists to determine the depth distribution of the captured fish.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_status">Legal status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillnetting&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legal status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> Resolution 46/215<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> called for the cessation of all "large-scale pelagic drift-net fishing" in <a href="/wiki/International_waters" title="International waters">international waters</a> by the end of 1992. The laws of individual countries vary with regard to fishing in waters under their jurisdiction. </p><p>Possession of gillnets is illegal in some U.S. states and heavily regulated in others. </p><p>Oregon voters had the chance to decide on whether gillnetting will continue in the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia River</a> in November 2012 by voting on Measure 81.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The measure was defeated with 65% of Oregon voters voting against the measure and allowing commercial gillnet fishing to continue on the Columbia River.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Columbia River Basin is currently under a management agreement that spans from 2008 to December 31, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This management agreement looks to gather information on fish harvesting through means including gillnets.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The parties involved will convene again to decide on further action after the current agreement ends. </p><p>The gill-netting season in Minnesota can vary from county to county and the net types used are regulated on a lake by lake basis by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Virginia's gill-netting season is regulated by the Virginia Marine Resources Commission. During different months of the year, certain rivers have restricted mesh sizes, which vary by location.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There have been proposed regulations to shut down drift gillnet fisheries whose by-catch numbers (which include dolphins, sea turtles and other marine life) were too high. In 2014, California lawmakers pushed for the banning of gillnet fishing through letters to federal fishing companies.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The progress for these regulations have been paused in California mid 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the High Seas Fishing Compliance Act from 1996, a permit is require for all commercial fishing vessels that are registered in the United States and under this act, vessels must have a record of all their fishing efforts on the high seas.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of November 2017, there has been a bill introduced to improve the management of <a href="/wiki/Drift_netting" title="Drift netting">driftnets</a>, with gillnets being under the umbrella of this fishing tool.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill's focus is to ban the use of large-scale nets while supporting the use of alternative methods of fishing to decrease the maximum amount of <a href="/wiki/Bycatch" title="Bycatch">bycatch</a>. There is also a compensation plan proposed in the bill for fishery participants who stop using large-scale nets.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selectivity">Selectivity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillnetting&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Selectivity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gillnet_selectivity.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gillnet_selectivity.png/280px-Gillnet_selectivity.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gillnet_selectivity.png/420px-Gillnet_selectivity.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gillnet_selectivity.png/560px-Gillnet_selectivity.png 2x" data-file-width="737" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>Selectivity properties of a gillnet on a hypothetical population</figcaption></figure> <p>Gillnets are a series of panels of meshes with a weighted "foot rope" along the bottom, and a <i>headline</i>, to which floats are attached. By altering the ratio of floats to weights, buoyancy changes,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the net can therefore be set to fish at any depth in the water column. In commercial fisheries, the meshes of a gillnet are uniform in size and shape. Fish smaller than the mesh of the net pass through unhindered, while those too large to push their heads through the meshes as far as their gills are not retained. This gives gillnets the ability to target a specific size of fish, unlike other net gears such as <a href="/wiki/Trawling" title="Trawling">trawls</a>, in which smaller fish pass through the meshes and all larger fish are captured in the net<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_Pawson"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillnetting#endnote_Pawson">[5]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salmon">Salmon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillnetting&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Salmon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Commercial gillnet fisheries are still an important method of harvesting <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a> in Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. In the lower <a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia River</a>, non-Indian commercial salmon fisheries for spring Chinook have developed methods of selectively harvesting adipose fin clipped hatchery salmon using small mesh gillnets known as <a href="/wiki/Tangle_net" title="Tangle net">tangle nets</a> or tooth nets. Non-adipose fin clipped fish (primarily natural origin salmon) must be released.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fishery management agencies estimate a relatively low release <a href="/wiki/Fish_mortality" title="Fish mortality">mortality rate</a> on salmon and <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_trout" title="Rainbow trout">steelhead</a> released from these small mesh gillnets. </p><p>Problems that can arise from selective harvesting are smaller reproducing adult fish, as well as the unexpected mortality of the fish which sustain injuries from the gillnet but are not retained in the fishery. Most salmon populations include several <a href="/wiki/Age_class_structure" title="Age class structure">age classes</a>, allowing for fish of different ages, and sizes, to reproduce with each other. A recent 2009 study looked at 59 years of catch and escapement data of <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bay" title="Bristol Bay">Bristol Bay</a> <a href="/wiki/Sockeye_salmon" title="Sockeye salmon">sockeye salmon</a> to determine age and size at maturity trends attributable to the selectivity of commercial gillnet harvests. The study found that the larger females (>550 mm) of all age classes were most susceptible to harvest.<sup id="cite_ref-Kendall,_Neala_W_2009_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kendall,_Neala_W_2009-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The study suggests that smaller, younger fish were more likely to successfully traverse the gillnet fishery and reproduce than the larger fish. The study also found that the average length of sockeye harvested from 1946 to 2005 was 8 mm larger than the sockeye who escaped the gillnet fishery to spawn, reducing the fecundity of the average female by 5%, or 104 eggs.<sup id="cite_ref-Kendall,_Neala_W_2009_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kendall,_Neala_W_2009-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If a salmon enters a gillnet, but manages to escape, it can sustain injuries. These injuries can lead to a lower degree of reproductive success. A study aimed at quantifying mortality of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon due to gillnet-related injuries found that 11–29% of sockeye sustained fishery-related injuries attributable to gillnets, and 51% of those fish were expected to not reproduce.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gillnets are sometimes a controversial gear type especially among sport fishers who argue they are inappropriate especially for salmon fisheries. These arguments are often related to allocation issues between commercial and recreational (sport) fisheries and not conservation issues.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most salmon fisheries, especially those targeting Pacific salmon in North America, are strictly managed to minimize total impacts to specific populations and salmon fishery managers continue to allow the use of gillnets in these fisheries.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swordfish">Swordfish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillnetting&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Swordfish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gillnets are also used out in the deep sea for fisheries whose primary catch is swordfish. California driftnet fisheries have some of the highest rates of by-catch with 12 percent of the catch being the targeted swordfish while up to 68 percent of the catch being by-catch that will be tossed back to sea.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternatives">Alternatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillnetting&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Alternatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Given the selective properties of gillnet fishing, alternative methods of harvest are currently being studied. Recent WDF&W reports suggest that purse seine is the most productive method with having highest <a href="/wiki/Catch_per_unit_effort" title="Catch per unit effort">catch per unit effort</a> (CPUE), but has little information on the effectiveness of selectively harvesting hatchery-reared salmon.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More conclusive research has been conducted jointly between the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation and Bonneville Power Administration on a 10-year study on selective harvest methods of hatchery origin salmon in the Upper Columbia River by purse seine and tangle net. Their 2009 and 2010 findings show that purse seines have a higher percentage of survivability and higher CPUE than does tangle nets.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Colville Tribe biologist reports that during these two years the tribe harvested 3,163 hatchery Chinook while releasing 2,346 wild Chinook with only 1.4% direct or immediate mortality using purse seines,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas the tangle net was far less productive but had an approximate 12.5% mortality. Researchers commented that the use of recovery boxes and shortened periods between checking the nets would have likely decreased mortality rates. While there is data that shows success of selective methods of harvest at protecting wild and ESA listed salmon, there still must be social acceptance of new methods of fishing. </p><p>There have also been studies done to see if differing strategies could potentially decrease the estimated 400,000 annual avian by-catch in coastal fisheries. These include three strategies that have a possible reduction in up to 75% of avian by-catch: gear modifications, where visual devices will be placed near the top of the net so birds will be able to see the nets; abundance-based fishery openings, where of birds will determine whether the nets will be set out or not; and time-of-day restrictions, which goes along with abundance- where bird by catch tended to occur at dawn and dusk, where as fish catch occurred mostly at dawn.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For marine mammal by-catch, field experiments have shown that the use of pingers on nets resulted in significantly lower numbers of by-catch than nets without pingers. After this study was completed by Jay Barlow, it was determined that there would be a 12-fold decrease in <a href="/wiki/Short-beaked_common_dolphin" class="mw-redirect" title="Short-beaked common dolphin">short-beaked common dolphins</a> caught, a 4-fold decrease in other <a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">cetaceans</a> and a 3-fold decrease in <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">pinnipeds</a> for nets containing pingers.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_gillnets">Types of gillnets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillnetting&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Types of gillnets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a> classifies gillnet gear types as follows: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Set_gillnets">Set gillnets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillnetting&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Set gillnets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Set gillnets consist of a single netting wall kept vertical by a floatline (upper line/headrope) and a weighted groundline (lower line/footrope). Small <a href="/wiki/Fishing_float" title="Fishing float">floats</a>, usually shaped like eggs or cylinders and made of solid plastic, are evenly distributed along the floatline, while <a href="/wiki/Fishing_sinker" title="Fishing sinker">lead weights</a> are evenly distributed along groundline. The lower line can also be made of lead cored rope, which does not need additional weight. The net is set on the bottom, or at a distance above it and held in place with anchors or weights on both ends. By adjusting the design these nets can fish in surface layers, in mid water or at the bottom, targeting <a href="/wiki/Pelagic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelagic">pelagic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demersal" class="mw-redirect" title="Demersal">demersal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Benthic" class="mw-redirect" title="Benthic">benthic</a> species. On small boats gillnets are handled by hand. Larger boats use hydraulic net haulers or net drums. Set gillnets are widely used all over the world, and are employed both in inland and sea waters. They are popular with <a href="/wiki/Artisan_fishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Artisan fishing">artisanal fisheries</a> because no specialized gear is needed, and it is low cost based on the relationship of fuel/fish.<sup id="cite_ref-gillnet_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gillnet-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Encircling_gillnets">Encircling gillnets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillnetting&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Encircling gillnets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Encircling gillnets are gillnets set vertically in shallow water, with the floatline remaining at the surface so they encircle fish. Small open boats or canoes can be used to set the net around the fish. Once the fish are encircled, the fishers shout and splash the water to panic the fish so they gill or entangle themselves. There is little negative impact on the environment.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO:Gillnets_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO:Gillnets-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As soon as the gear is set the scaring takes place and the net is hauled back in. The fish are alive and <a href="/wiki/Discards" title="Discards">discards</a> can be returned to the sea. Encircling gillnets are commonly used by groups of small-scale fishers, and does not require other equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO:Gillnets_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO:Gillnets-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drawing_of_a_gill_netter.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Drawing_of_a_gill_netter.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="170" /></a><figcaption>A gillnetter</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combined_gillnets-trammel_nets">Combined gillnets-trammel nets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillnetting&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Combined gillnets-trammel nets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This bottom-set gear has two parts: </p> <ul><li>the upper part is a standard gillnet where semi-<a href="/wiki/Demersal_fish" title="Demersal fish">demersal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pelagic_fish" title="Pelagic fish">pelagic fish</a> can be gilled</li> <li>the lower part is a trammel net where bottom fish can entangle.</li></ul> <p>The combined nets are maintained more or less vertically in the usual way by floats on the floatline and weights on the groundline. They are set on the bottom. After a time depending on the target species, they are hauled on board. Traditional combined nets were hauled by hand, especially on smaller boats. Recent hydraulic driven net haulers are now common. The gilled, entangled and enmeshed fish are removed from the net by hand. Of some concern with this method is <a href="/wiki/Ghost_fishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghost fishing">ghost fishing</a> by lost nets and <a href="/wiki/Bycatch" title="Bycatch">bycatch</a> of diving seabirds. Nets combined in this way were first used in the Mediterranean.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drift_nets">Drift nets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillnetting&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Drift nets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Drift_net" class="mw-redirect" title="Drift net">Drift net</a></div> <p>A <b>drift net</b> consists of one or more panels of webbing fastened together. They are left free to drift with the current, usually near the surface or not far below it. Floats on the floatline and weights on the groundline keep them vertical. Drift nets drift with the current while they are connected with the operating vessel, the driftnetter or <a href="/wiki/Drifter_(fishing_boat)" title="Drifter (fishing boat)">drifter</a>. </p><p>Drift nets are usually used to catch <a href="/wiki/Shoaling_and_schooling" title="Shoaling and schooling">schooling</a> <a href="/wiki/Forage_fish" title="Forage fish">forage fish</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">herring</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sardine" title="Sardine">sardines</a>, and also larger <a href="/wiki/Pelagic_fish" title="Pelagic fish">pelagic fish</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">tuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a> and pelagic <a href="/wiki/Squid" title="Squid">squid</a>. Net haulers are usually used to set and haul driftnets, with a drifter capstan on the forepart of the vessel. In developing countries most nets are hauled by hand. The mesh size of the gillnets is very effective at selecting or regulating the size of fish caught. The drift net has a low fuel/fish energy consumption compared to other fishing gear. However, the issue of concern with this type of net is the <a href="/wiki/Bycatch" title="Bycatch">bycatch</a> of species that are not targeted, such as marine mammals, seabirds and to a minor extent turtles. The use of drift nets longer than 2.5 kilometres on the <a href="/wiki/High_seas" class="mw-redirect" title="High seas">high seas</a> was banned by the United Nations in 1991. Prior to this ban, drift nets were reaching lengths of 60 kilometres. However, there are still serious concerns with ongoing violations.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gillnets_and_entangling_nets">Gillnets and entangling nets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillnetting&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Gillnets and entangling nets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tangle net, or tooth net, originated in British Columbia, Canada, as a gear specifically developed for selective fisheries.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tangle nets have smaller mesh sizes than standard gillnets. They are designed to catch fish by their nose or jaw, enabling bycatch to be resuscitated and released unharmed. Tangle nets as adapted to the mark-selective fishery for spring Chinook salmon on the lower Columbia River have a standard mesh size of <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> inches (11 cm). Short net lengths and soak times are used in an effort to land fish in good condition. Tangle nets are typically used in situations where the release of certain (usually wild) fish unharmed is desirable. In a typical situation calling for the use of a tangle net, for instance, all fish retaining their adipose fins (usually wild) must be returned to the water. Tangle nets are used in conjunction with a live recovery box, which acts as a resuscitation chamber for unmarked fish that appear lethargic or stressed before their release into the water.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_images">Historical images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillnetting&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Historical images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:868px;max-width:868px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">Salmon gillnetting</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:246px;max-width:246px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Salmon_gill_net_boat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Salmon_gill_net_boat.jpg/244px-Salmon_gill_net_boat.jpg" decoding="async" width="244" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Salmon_gill_net_boat.jpg/366px-Salmon_gill_net_boat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Salmon_gill_net_boat.jpg/488px-Salmon_gill_net_boat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3804" data-file-height="2996" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Salmon gillnet boat with drum</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:138px;max-width:138px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Repairing_salmon_gill_net.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Repairing_salmon_gill_net.jpg/136px-Repairing_salmon_gill_net.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Repairing_salmon_gill_net.jpg/204px-Repairing_salmon_gill_net.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Repairing_salmon_gill_net.jpg/272px-Repairing_salmon_gill_net.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2656" data-file-height="3752" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Repairing salmon gillnet</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:287px;max-width:287px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gill_net_hauled_in_over_a_power-driven_drum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Gill_net_hauled_in_over_a_power-driven_drum.jpg/285px-Gill_net_hauled_in_over_a_power-driven_drum.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Gill_net_hauled_in_over_a_power-driven_drum.jpg/428px-Gill_net_hauled_in_over_a_power-driven_drum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Gill_net_hauled_in_over_a_power-driven_drum.jpg/570px-Gill_net_hauled_in_over_a_power-driven_drum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3804" data-file-height="2548" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Hauling the gillnet over the power-driven drum</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:189px;max-width:189px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Removing_salmon_from_gillnet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Removing_salmon_from_gillnet.jpg/187px-Removing_salmon_from_gillnet.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Removing_salmon_from_gillnet.jpg/281px-Removing_salmon_from_gillnet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Removing_salmon_from_gillnet.jpg/374px-Removing_salmon_from_gillnet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3003" data-file-height="3048" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Removing salmon from the gillnet</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillnetting&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMurphyWillis1996" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, B.; Willis, D. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Salmon+For+All&rft.atitle=A+Sustainable+Fishery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salmonforall.org%2Ftanglenet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGillnetting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>: Fishing Gear Types: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/geartype/219/en">Gillnets and entangling nets</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillnetting&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Erzini"><b><a href="#ref_Erzini">^</a></b></span> Erzini, K. Monteiro, C., Ribeiro, J., Santos, M., Gaspar, M., Montiero, P. & Borges, T. (1997) An experimental study of "ghost-fishing" off the Algarve (southern Portugal). Marine Ecology Progress Series 158:257–265.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Hall"><b><a href="#ref_Hall">^</a></b></span> Hall, M.A. (1998) An ecological view of the tuna-dolphin problem: impacts and trade-offs. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries. 8:1–34.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Kaiser"><b><a href="#ref_Kaiser">^</a></b></span> Kaiser, M.J, Bullimore, B., Newman, P., Lock, K. & Gilbert, S. (1996) Catches in "ghost-fishing" set nets. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 145:11–16.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Pawson"><b><a href="#ref_Pawson">^</a></b></span> Potter, E.C.E. & Pawson, M.G. (1991) Gill Netting. MAFF Fisheries Leaflet 69. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.cefas.co.uk/Publications/lableaflets/lableaflet69.pdf">[6]</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Puente"><b><a href="#ref_Puente">^</a></b></span> Puente, E. (1997) Incidental impacts of gill nets. Report to the European Commission, No. 94/095,152.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gillnetting&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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title="commons:Category:Gillnets">Gillnets</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060218081502/http://homepage.mac.com/mooncusser/iMovieTheater3.html">Video: Gillnets in Operation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_6hV6rPDYU">Video: Gillnetting the Copper River Delta, Alaska</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salmonforall.org/tanglenet/">Video: Tangle Net Fishing on the Columbia River</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050217140841/http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=%2FDOCREP%2F005%2FX7788E%2FX7788E00.HTM">Manual on estimation of selectivity for gillnet and longline gears in abundance surveys</a> - report for Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, 2000.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fishing_equipment_and_methods29" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fishing_tackle" title="Template:Fishing tackle"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fishing_tackle" title="Template talk:Fishing tackle"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fishing_tackle" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fishing tackle"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fishing_equipment_and_methods29" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Fishing equipment and methods</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Fishing_tackle29" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_tackle" title="Fishing tackle">Fishing tackle</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Fish_hook" title="Fish hook">Fish hook</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circle_hook" title="Circle hook">Circle hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_gaff" title="Fishing gaff">Gaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hookset" class="mw-redirect" title="Hookset">Hookset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sniggle" title="Sniggle">Sniggle</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Float-tube-pikeangler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Float-tube-pikeangler.jpg/140px-Float-tube-pikeangler.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Float-tube-pikeangler.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_line" title="Fishing line">Fishing line</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braided_fishing_line" title="Braided fishing line">Braided</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fishing_knots" title="Category:Fishing knots">Knots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monofilament_fishing_line" title="Monofilament fishing line">Monofilament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multifilament_fishing_line" title="Multifilament fishing line">Multifilament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_pro" title="Power pro">Power pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_swivel" title="Fishing swivel">Swivel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_sinker" title="Fishing sinker">Fishing sinker</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arlesey_Bomb" title="Arlesey Bomb">Arlesey Bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombarda" title="Bombarda">Bombarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downrigger" title="Downrigger">Downrigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandsinker" title="Sandsinker">Sandsinker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_rod" title="Fishing rod">Fishing rod</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_fly_rod" title="Bamboo fly rod">Bamboo fly rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_reel" title="Fishing reel">Fishing reel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_rod_tapers" title="Fishing rod tapers">Fishing rod tapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly_rod_building" title="Fly rod building">Fly rod building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_bait" title="Fishing bait">Fishing bait</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bait_fish" title="Bait fish">Bait fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boilie" title="Boilie">Boilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumming" title="Chumming">Chum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonk_(fishing)" title="Clonk (fishing)">Clonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundbait" title="Groundbait">Groundbait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermicompost" title="Vermicompost">Vermicompost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worm_charming" title="Worm charming">Worm charming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Soft_plastic_bait" title="Soft plastic bait">Plastic bait</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deadsticking" title="Deadsticking">Deadsticking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_worm" title="Plastic worm">Plastic worm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_lure" title="Fishing lure">Fishing lures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_fly" title="Artificial fly">Artificial fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heddon_(brand)" title="Heddon (brand)">Heddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Cleo" title="Little Cleo">Little Cleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormyshka" title="Mormyshka">Mormyshka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_Floater" title="Original Floater">Original Floater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plug_(fishing)" title="Plug (fishing)">Plug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabiki" title="Sabiki">Sabiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinnerbait" title="Spinnerbait">Spinnerbait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoon_lure" title="Spoon lure">Spoon lure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoonplug" class="mw-redirect" title="Spoonplug">Spoonplug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_lure" title="Surface lure">Surface lure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimbait" title="Swimbait">Swimbait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topwater_fishing_lure" title="Topwater fishing lure">Topwater lure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zara_Spook" title="Zara Spook">Zara Spook</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Bite_indicator" title="Bite indicator">Bite indicators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_float" title="Fishing float">Fishing float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellet_waggler" title="Pellet waggler">Pellet waggler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortfloating" title="Shortfloating">Shortfloating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiver_tip" title="Quiver tip">Quiver tip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Rig_(fishing)" title="Rig (fishing)">Fishing rig</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_rig" title="Carolina rig">Carolina rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chod_rig" title="Chod rig">Chod rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dropshotting" title="Dropshotting">Drop shot rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_rig" title="Hair rig">Hair rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_rig" title="Texas rig">Texas rig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Apparel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creel_(basket)" title="Creel (basket)">Creel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_mask" title="Diving mask">Diving mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_boot" title="Hip boot">Hip boot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_flotation_device" title="Personal flotation device">Personal flotation device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snorkeling#The_snorkel" title="Snorkeling">Snorkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waders_(footwear)" title="Waders (footwear)">Waders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetsuit" title="Wetsuit">Wetsuit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fish_stringer" title="Fish stringer">Fish stringer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tackle_box_(fishing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tackle box (fishing)">Tackle box</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Fishing_techniques29" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_techniques" title="Fishing techniques">Fishing techniques</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Gathering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone#Sport_harvesting" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ama_(diving)" title="Ama (diving)">Ama divers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clam_digging" title="Clam digging">Clam digging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flounder_tramping" title="Flounder tramping">Flounder tramping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_seafood_by_hand" class="mw-redirect" title="Gathering seafood by hand">Gathering seafood by hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noodling" title="Noodling">Noodling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_hunting" title="Pearl hunting">Pearl hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop_aquaculture" title="Scallop aquaculture">Scallop aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout_binning" title="Trout binning">Trout binning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout_tickling" title="Trout tickling">Trout tickling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Spears</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowfishing" title="Bowfishing">Bowfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigging" title="Gigging">Gigging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">Harpoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_sling" title="Hawaiian sling">Hawaiian sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polespear" title="Polespear">Polespear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearfishing" title="Spearfishing">Spearfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speargun" title="Speargun">Speargun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trident" title="Trident">Trident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_line" title="Fishing line">Fishing lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angling" title="Angling">Angling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dropline" title="Dropline">Dropline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Drum lines">Drum lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handline_fishing" title="Handline fishing">Handline fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiggerpole" title="Jiggerpole">Jiggerpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigging" title="Jigging">Jigging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug_fishing" title="Jug fishing">Jug fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longline_fishing" title="Longline fishing">Longline fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spin_fishing" title="Spin fishing">Spin fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip-up_(ice_fishing)" title="Tip-up (ice fishing)">Tip-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolling_(fishing)" title="Trolling (fishing)">Trolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotline" title="Trotline">Trotline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_net" title="Fishing net">Fishing nets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cast_net" title="Cast net">Cast net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_fishing_nets" title="Chinese fishing nets">Cheena vala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drift_netting" title="Drift netting">Drift net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_net" title="Ghost net">Ghost nets</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gill net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_float" title="Glass float">Glass floats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haaf_net_fishing" title="Haaf net fishing">Haaf net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_net" title="Hand net">Hand net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_jigger" title="Ice jigger">Ice jigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampara_net" title="Lampara net">Lampara net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampuki_netting" title="Lampuki netting">Lampuki net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lave_net" title="Lave net">Lave net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lift_net" title="Lift net">Lift net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salambaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Salambaw">Salambaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seine_fishing" title="Seine fishing">Seine net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrounding_net" title="Surrounding net">Surrounding net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangle_net" title="Tangle net">Tangle net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trawling" title="Trawling">Trawl net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_excluder_device" title="Turtle excluder device">Turtle excluder device</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Fish_trap" title="Fish trap">Fish traps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almadraba" title="Almadraba">Almadraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrier_net" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrier net">Barrier net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corf" title="Corf">Corf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_trap" title="Crab trap">Crab trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-Heart_of_Stacked_Stones" title="Double-Heart of Stacked Stones">Double-Heart of Stacked Stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel_buck" title="Eel buck">Eel buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_corral" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish corral">Fish corral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_nest" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish nest">Fish nest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_wheel" title="Fish wheel">Fish wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_basket" title="Fishing basket">Fishing basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_weir" title="Fishing weir">Fishing weir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_trap" title="Lobster trap">Lobster trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putcher_fishing" title="Putcher fishing">Putcher fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trabucco" title="Trabucco">Trabucco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basnig" title="Basnig">Basnig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blast_fishing" title="Blast fishing">Blast fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cormorant_fishing" title="Cormorant fishing">Cormorant fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanide_fishing" title="Cyanide fishing">Cyanide fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_dredge" title="Fishing dredge">Dredging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrofishing" title="Electrofishing">Electrofishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_pulse_fishing" title="Electric pulse fishing">Electric pulse fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_aggregating_device" title="Fish aggregating device">Fish aggregating device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_toxins" title="Fish toxins">Fish toxins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishfinder" title="Fishfinder">Fishfinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_light_attractor" title="Fishing light attractor">Fishing light attractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flosser" title="Flosser">Flossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_fishing" title="Ice fishing">Ice fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_fishing" title="Kite fishing">Kite fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muro-ami" class="mw-redirect" title="Muro-ami">Muro-ami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter_fishing" title="Otter fishing">Otter fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa-aling" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa-aling">Pa-aling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payaos" class="mw-redirect" title="Payaos">Payaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_baiting" title="Shrimp baiting">Shrimp baiting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snagging" title="Snagging">Snagging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fisheries_and_fishing_topic_areas542" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fisheries_and_fishing" title="Template:Fisheries and fishing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fisheries_and_fishing" title="Template talk:Fisheries and fishing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fisheries_and_fishing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fisheries and fishing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fisheries_and_fishing_topic_areas542" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">Fisheries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a> topic areas</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">Fisheries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_of_fish" title="Diversity of fish">Diversity of fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_diseases_and_parasites" title="Fish diseases and parasites">Fish diseases and parasites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">Fish farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_management" title="Fisheries management">Fisheries management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_science" title="Fisheries science">Fisheries science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individual_fishing_quota" title="Individual fishing quota">Individual fishing quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fishery" title="Sustainable fishery">Sustainable fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">Overfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_fisheries" title="Wild fisheries">Wild fisheries</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg/140px-Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg/210px-Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg/280px-Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1736" data-file-height="1172" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">Fishing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artisanal_fishing" title="Artisanal fishing">Artisanal fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisherman" title="Fisherman">Fisherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_vessel" title="Fishing vessel">Fishing vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_fishing" title="History of fishing">History of fishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry" title="Fishing industry">Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_harvested_aquatic_animals_by_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="List of harvested aquatic animals by weight">List of harvested aquatic animals by weight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_by_country" title="Fishing industry by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">Commercial fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_marketing" title="Fish marketing">Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_market" title="Fish market">Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_processing" title="Fish processing">Processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_products" title="Fish products">Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">Seafood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recreational_fishing" title="Recreational fishing">Recreation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angling" title="Angling">Angling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big-game_fishing" title="Big-game fishing">Big-game fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_and_release" title="Catch and release">Catch and release</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_tournament" title="Fishing tournament">Fishing tournaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly_fishing" title="Fly fishing">Fly fishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_techniques" title="Fishing techniques">Techniques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destructive_fishing_practices" title="Destructive fishing practices">Destructive fishing practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_trap" title="Fish trap">Fish trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishfinder" title="Fishfinder">Fishfinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_net" title="Fishing net">Fishing net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_seafood_by_hand" class="mw-redirect" title="Gathering seafood by hand">Gathering seafood by hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handline_fishing" title="Handline fishing">Handline fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearfishing" title="Spearfishing">Spearfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trawling" title="Trawling">Trawling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolling_(fishing)" title="Trolling (fishing)">Trolling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_tackle" title="Fishing tackle">Tackle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_fly" title="Artificial fly">Artificial flies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_bait" title="Fishing bait">Bait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bite_indicator" title="Bite indicator">Bite indicators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_hook" title="Fish hook">Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_line" title="Fishing line">Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_lure" title="Fishing lure">Lures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_rod" title="Fishing rod">Rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_sinker" title="Fishing sinker">Sinker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fish_pond" title="Fish pond">Fish ponds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_bank_(topography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean bank (topography)">Fishing banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_village" title="Fishing village">Fishing villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_habitat" title="Marine habitat">Marine habitats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_crime" title="Fisheries crime">Crime</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea_Anti-Poaching_Operations" title="Bering Sea Anti-Poaching Operations">Bering Sea Anti-Poaching Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_poaching" title="Coral poaching">Coral poaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_eel_poaching_and_smuggling" title="Freshwater eel poaching and smuggling">Freshwater eel poaching and smuggling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing_in_the_Arctic" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing in the Arctic">Arctic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_fishery_terms" title="Glossary of fishery terms">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_fishing_articles" title="Index of fishing articles">Index</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_fishing" title="Outline of fishing">Outline</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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