CINXE.COM

美国文理科学院 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>美国文理科学院 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"109e15d3-7e29-4616-9d0a-c6c4fa8468ef","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"美国文理科学院","wgTitle":"美国文理科学院","wgCurRevisionId":84979003,"wgRevisionId":84979003,"wgArticleId":1247438,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["使用WikiMiniAtlas小工具的页面","CS1英语来源 (en)","维基数据不存在坐标数据的页面","自2021年11月待更新条目","维基共享资源分类链接使用了维基数据上的匹配项","1780年建立","美国联邦政府资助的研发组织","美国文理科学院","剑桥市"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"美国文理科学院","wgRelevantArticleId":1247438,"wgUserVariant":"zh", "wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"美国艺术与科学学院","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2","wgCoordinates":{"lat":42.380755,"lon":-71.110256},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true, "wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q463303","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect", "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&amp;modules=ext.gadget.large-font&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/AAAS_exterior_1_-_Cambridge%2C_MA.JPG/1200px-AAAS_exterior_1_-_Cambridge%2C_MA.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/AAAS_exterior_1_-_Cambridge%2C_MA.JPG/800px-AAAS_exterior_1_-_Cambridge%2C_MA.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/AAAS_exterior_1_-_Cambridge%2C_MA.JPG/640px-AAAS_exterior_1_-_Cambridge%2C_MA.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="美国文理科学院 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-美国文理科学院 rootpage-美国文理科学院 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=spontaneous&amp;uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&amp;returnto=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&amp;returnto=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=spontaneous&amp;uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&amp;returnto=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&amp;returnto=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-名称" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#名称"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>名称</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-名称-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-学部与学组" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#学部与学组"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>学部与学组</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-学部与学组-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关学部与学组子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-学部与学组-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-数理科学部" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#数理科学部"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>数理科学部</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-数理科学部-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生命科学部" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生命科学部"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>生命科学部</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生命科学部-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-社会科学部" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#社会科学部"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>社会科学部</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-社会科学部-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-艺术与人文科学部" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#艺术与人文科学部"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>艺术与人文科学部</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-艺术与人文科学部-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-公共事务、商业与行政管理学部" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#公共事务、商业与行政管理学部"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>公共事务、商业与行政管理学部</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-公共事务、商业与行政管理学部-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-活动" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#活动"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>活动</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-活动-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关活动子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-活动-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-研究计划" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究计划"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>研究计划</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-研究计划-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-研究基金项目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究基金项目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>研究基金项目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-研究基金项目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-颁发奖项" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#颁发奖项"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>颁发奖项</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-颁发奖项-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-全国人文社会科学委员会" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#全国人文社会科学委员会"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>全国人文社会科学委员会</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-全国人文社会科学委员会-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人文与科学院院长列表(1791-现在)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人文与科学院院长列表(1791-现在)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>人文与科学院院长列表(1791-现在)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人文与科学院院长列表(1791-现在)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-院士" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#院士"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>院士</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-院士-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关院士子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-院士-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-华人院士" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#华人院士"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>华人院士</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-华人院士-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">美国文理科学院</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。40种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85" title="الأكاديمية الأمريكية للفنون والعلوم – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأكاديمية الأمريكية للفنون والعلوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85" title="الاكاديميه الامريكانيه للفنون و العلوم – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الاكاديميه الامريكانيه للفنون و العلوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_de_les_Artes_y_les_Ciencies_d%27Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos" title="Academia de les Artes y les Ciencies d&#039;Estaos Xuníos – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Academia de les Artes y les Ciencies d&#039;Estaos Xuníos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_%C4%B0nc%C9%99s%C9%99n%C9%99t_v%C9%99_Elml%C9%99r_Akademiyas%C4%B1" title="Amerika İncəsənət və Elmlər Akademiyası – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Amerika İncəsənət və Elmlər Akademiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Амерыканская акадэмія мастацтваў і навук – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Амерыканская акадэмія мастацтваў і навук" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_Americana_de_les_Arts_i_les_Ci%C3%A8ncies" title="Acadèmia Americana de les Arts i les Ciències – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Acadèmia Americana de les Arts i les Ciències" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%BE%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="پەیمانگای ئەمریکیی ھونەر و زانست – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پەیمانگای ئەمریکیی ھونەر و زانست" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%A1_akademie_um%C4%9Bn%C3%AD_a_v%C4%9Bd" title="Americká akademie umění a věd – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Americká akademie umění a věd" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usona_Akademio_de_Artoj_kaj_Sciencoj" title="Usona Akademio de Artoj kaj Sciencoj – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Usona Akademio de Artoj kaj Sciencoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Estadounidense_de_las_Artes_y_las_Ciencias" title="Academia Estadounidense de las Artes y las Ciencias – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Academia Estadounidense de las Artes y las Ciencias" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameerika_Kunstide_ja_Teaduste_Akadeemia" title="Ameerika Kunstide ja Teaduste Akadeemia – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ameerika Kunstide ja Teaduste Akadeemia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteen_eta_Zientzien_Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuetako_Akademia" title="Arteen eta Zientzien Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Akademia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arteen eta Zientzien Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Akademia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="فرهنگستان هنر و علوم آمریکا – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرهنگستان هنر و علوم آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_am%C3%A9ricaine_des_arts_et_des_sciences" title="Académie américaine des arts et des sciences – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Académie américaine des arts et des sciences" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acadamh_Aimeireaga_nan_Ealan_is_nan_Saidheans" title="Acadamh Aimeireaga nan Ealan is nan Saidheans – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Acadamh Aimeireaga nan Ealan is nan Saidheans" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D" title="האקדמיה האמריקאית לאמנויות ולמדעים – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האקדמיה האמריקאית לאמנויות ולמדעים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C" title="अमेरिकन एकेडमी ऑफ आर्ट्स एंड साइंसेज – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अमेरिकन एकेडमी ऑफ आर्ट्स एंड साइंसेज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dka_akademija_umjetnosti_i_znanosti" title="Američka akademija umjetnosti i znanosti – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Američka akademija umjetnosti i znanosti" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akademi_Seni_dan_Ilmu_Amerika" title="Akademi Seni dan Ilmu Amerika – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Akademi Seni dan Ilmu Amerika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E8%8A%B8%E8%A1%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AB%E3%83%87%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC" title="アメリカ芸術科学アカデミー – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ芸術科学アカデミー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Америка өнер және ғылым академиясы – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Америка өнер және ғылым академиясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EC%98%88%EC%88%A0_%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99_%EC%95%84%EC%B9%B4%EB%8D%B0%EB%AF%B8" title="미국 예술 과학 아카데미 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 예술 과학 아카데미" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Америка искусство жана илимдер академиясы – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Америка искусство жана илимдер академиясы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Американска академија на уметностите и науките – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Американска академија на уметностите и науките" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameryka%C5%84ska_Akademia_Sztuk_i_Nauk" title="Amerykańska Akademia Sztuk i Nauk – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amerykańska Akademia Sztuk i Nauk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_de_Artes_e_Ci%C3%AAncias_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Academia de Artes e Ciências dos Estados Unidos – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Academia de Artes e Ciências dos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Американская академия искусств и наук – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Американская академия искусств и наук" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C5%A1ka_akademija_umetnosti_in_znanosti" title="Ameriška akademija umetnosti in znanosti – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ameriška akademija umetnosti in znanosti" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikan_Sanat_ve_Bilim_Akademisi" title="Amerikan Sanat ve Bilim Akademisi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amerikan Sanat ve Bilim Akademisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2_%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Американська академія мистецтв і наук – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Американська академія мистецтв і наук" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87n_H%C3%A0n_l%C3%A2m_Khoa_h%E1%BB%8Dc_v%C3%A0_Ngh%E1%BB%87_thu%E1%BA%ADt_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học và Nghệ thuật Hoa Kỳ – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học và Nghệ thuật Hoa Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q463303#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="关于此页面的讨论(页面不存在)[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;oldid=84979003" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&amp;page=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;id=84979003&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%25BE%258E%25E5%259B%25BD%25E6%2596%2587%25E7%2590%2586%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25AD%25A6%25E9%2599%25A2"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%25BE%258E%25E5%259B%25BD%25E6%2596%2587%25E7%2590%2586%25E7%25A7%2591%25E5%25AD%25A6%25E9%2599%25A2"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q463303" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87" class="mw-redirect" title="地理坐标">坐标</a>:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&amp;pagename=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;params=42.380755_N_71.110256_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">42°22′51″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°06′37″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">42.380755°N 71.110256°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">42.380755; -71.110256</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科,自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E4%B8%8E%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="美国艺术与科学学院">美国艺术与科学学院</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85099211">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">&#160;&#160;</span><span class="mobile"></span></span>「<b>AAAS</b>」重定向至此。关于同样简称AAAS的机构,请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E4%BF%83%E9%80%B2%E6%9C%83" title="美國科學促進會">美国科学促进会</a></b>」。</div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&amp;pagename=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;params=42.380755_N_71.110256_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">42°22′51″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°06′37″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">42.380755°N 71.110256°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">42.380755; -71.110256</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences.png/300px-American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences.png 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="52" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AAAS_exterior_1_-_Cambridge,_MA.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/AAAS_exterior_1_-_Cambridge%2C_MA.JPG/300px-AAAS_exterior_1_-_Cambridge%2C_MA.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/AAAS_exterior_1_-_Cambridge%2C_MA.JPG/450px-AAAS_exterior_1_-_Cambridge%2C_MA.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/AAAS_exterior_1_-_Cambridge%2C_MA.JPG/600px-AAAS_exterior_1_-_Cambridge%2C_MA.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>位于<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="马萨诸塞州">马萨诸塞州</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%91%E6%A1%A5_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="剑桥 (马萨诸塞州)">剑桥</a>的美国人文与科学院</figcaption></figure> <p><b>美国艺术与科学院</b>(又译为<b>美国人文与科学院</b>、<b>美国文理科学院</b>,<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>:<b>American Academy of Arts and Sciences</b>,简称 <b>American Academy</b> 或 <b>AAAS</b> )是美国历史最悠久的院士机构及地位最为崇高的荣誉团体之一,也是进行独立政策研究的学术中心。自从<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·亚当斯">约翰·亚当斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%B1%89%E8%80%83%E5%85%8B" title="约翰·汉考克">约翰·汉考克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%B2%8D%E7%99%BB" title="詹姆斯·鲍登">詹姆斯·鲍登</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B4%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%BD%98%E6%81%A9" title="罗伯特·崔特·潘恩">罗伯特·崔特·潘恩</a>及其他的建国先贤于<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="美國獨立戰爭">独立战争</a>期间创立人文与科学院以来,当选为其院士一直被认为是美国的最高荣誉之一。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>人文与科学院负有双重职能:从科学、人文、商业、政治、艺术等领域选举每个世代最优秀的学者及最具影响力的领袖成为其院士,以及针对社会的需要进行政策研究。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 目前人文与科学院的主要研究计划聚焦于高等教育与科研、人文与文化研究、科学与技术进展、美国政治、人口与环境、儿童福利等。其主办的季刊《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%BE%BE%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="代达罗斯">代达罗斯</a>》被广泛的认为是国际最重要的学术刊物之一。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>人文与科学院的总部位于<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="马萨诸塞州">马萨诸塞州</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%91%E6%A1%A5_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="剑桥 (马萨诸塞州)">剑桥市</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="编辑章节:歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1780年5月4日,美国人文与科学院由马萨诸塞州立法机构批准成立。根据其宪章记载,该院宗旨为:「弘扬学术,以增进自由、独立、良善之公民德行」。首任院长为美国第一任副总统及第二任总统<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·亚当斯">约翰·亚当斯</a>,62位创始院士分别在政治、专业、商业等各领域拥有广泛的兴趣以及崇高的地位。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>人文与科学院于1781年选举首批院士,其中包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E6%9D%B0%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E5%AF%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="本杰明·富兰克林">本杰明·富兰克林</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF" title="乔治·华盛顿">乔治·华盛顿</a>以及多位外籍院士。其最初的纪要出版于1785年,院刊则于1846年起出版。在20世纪50年代,人文与科学院推出学刊《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%BE%BE%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="代达罗斯">代达罗斯</a>》,以表现其对更广泛的知识与社会导向问题的承诺。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>贯穿于其历史,人文与科学院颁发一系列奖项。其中,第一个奖项由<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E6%9D%B0%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E6%B1%A4%E6%99%AE%E6%A3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="本杰明·汤普森">本杰明·汤普森</a>(朗福德伯爵)于1796年设立,用于奖励“光和热”领域的杰出成就,并为相关研究工作提供支持。其它的奖项则分别用于奖励自然科学、社会科学、人文科学等领域的重要贡献。2000年起,人文与科学院开始颁发爱国学者奖,用于表彰对人文与科学院做出重要贡献,并且在言行中体现出美国国父们服务社会的精神的个人。 </p><p>自从20世纪下半叶以来,政策研究成为人文与科学院的关注重心。在1950年代末,军控问题是人文与科学院最关注的问题,人文与科学院也推动成立了位于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%8D%A1%E7%BD%97%E6%9D%A5%E7%BA%B3%E5%B7%9E" title="北卡罗来纳州">北卡罗来纳州</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="国家人文研究中心(页面不存在)">国家人文研究中心</a>。在1990年代末,人文与科学院制订了新的战略规划,聚焦于四大领域:科学、技术与全球安全;社会政策与教育;人文与文化;教育。在2002年,人文与科学院与<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哈佛大学">哈佛大学</a>共同启动了访问学者项目。目前,全美已经有54所大学成为这一项目的联合机构。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="名称"><span id=".E5.90.8D.E7.A7.B0"></span>名称</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="编辑章节:名称"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>人文与科学院建立之时,美国正在法国等国的协助下与英国作战,所以美国的创立者选择比照包括作家、人文学人、科学家、军事家、政治家在内的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E9%99%A2" title="法兰西学术院">法兰西学术院</a>,而不是仅涵盖自然科学的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="英国皇家学会">英国皇家学会</a>,建立新大陆的学术院,并在正式名称中选用「Arts and Sciences」一词表示其覆盖全部学术和专业领域。「Arts and Sciences」有多种中文译法,包括「艺术与科学」、「人文与科学」、「文理科学」等<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>比照<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="英国皇家学会">英国皇家学会</a>、主要涵盖<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="自然科学">自然科学</a>的美国院士机构是成立于1863年的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="美国国家科学院">美国国家科学院</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="学部与学组"><span id=".E5.AD.A6.E9.83.A8.E4.B8.8E.E5.AD.A6.E7.BB.84"></span>学部与学组</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="编辑章节:学部与学组"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>人文与科学院共分为五个学部及二十四个学组:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="数理科学部"><span id=".E6.95.B0.E7.90.86.E7.A7.91.E5.AD.A6.E9.83.A8"></span>数理科学部</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="编辑章节:数理科学部"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>数学组</li> <li>物理组</li> <li>化学组</li> <li>天文及地理学组</li> <li>工程科学与技术学组</li> <li>计算机科学组</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="生命科学部"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.91.BD.E7.A7.91.E5.AD.A6.E9.83.A8"></span>生命科学部</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="编辑章节:生命科学部"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>生物化学及分子生物学组</li> <li>细胞生物学、发展生物学、微生物学、免疫学、基因学组</li> <li>神经科学、认知科学、行为生物学组</li> <li>演化生物学、种群生物学、生态学组</li> <li>医学、生理学、药学、临床医学、公共卫生学组</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="社会科学部"><span id=".E7.A4.BE.E4.BC.9A.E7.A7.91.E5.AD.A6.E9.83.A8"></span>社会科学部</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="编辑章节:社会科学部"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>心理学、教育学组</li> <li>经济学组</li> <li>政治学、国际关系、公共政策学组</li> <li>法律(包括法律实践)学组</li> <li>考古学、人类学、社会学、地理学、人口学组</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="艺术与人文科学部"><span id=".E8.89.BA.E6.9C.AF.E4.B8.8E.E4.BA.BA.E6.96.87.E7.A7.91.E5.AD.A6.E9.83.A8"></span>艺术与人文科学部</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="编辑章节:艺术与人文科学部"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>哲学、宗教学组</li> <li>历史学组</li> <li>文学及语言学组</li> <li>文学创作学组</li> <li>视觉艺术及表演艺术组</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="公共事务、商业与行政管理学部"><span id=".E5.85.AC.E5.85.B1.E4.BA.8B.E5.8A.A1.E3.80.81.E5.95.86.E4.B8.9A.E4.B8.8E.E8.A1.8C.E6.94.BF.E7.AE.A1.E7.90.86.E5.AD.A6.E9.83.A8"></span>公共事务、商业与行政管理学部</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="编辑章节:公共事务、商业与行政管理学部"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>公共事务、新闻与传媒组</li> <li>商业组</li> <li>教育、科学、文化与慈善组</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="活动"><span id=".E6.B4.BB.E5.8A.A8"></span>活动</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="编辑章节:活动"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>人文与科学院聚集科学家、人文学人、艺术家、政治家、商业领袖以及其他领域的专家对复杂的社会、政治以及知识话题进行分析,以执行中立的政策研究。其下属的研究委员会负责评审及批准所有的研究计划,并协助判断何种研究计划能够最有效的利用人文与科学院的知识与资源。研究委员会同时与出版委员会紧密合作,以确保各研究计划的报告和出版物能够提升人文与科学院的学术水准,并增进人文与科学院对学术界、政治界以及公众的知识贡献。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="研究计划"><span id=".E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E8.AE.A1.E5.88.92"></span>研究计划</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="编辑章节:研究计划"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>人文与科学院的四大研究领域如下: </p> <ul><li>科学、技术、以及全球安全:探索国际社会应当如何设计新的合作架构以提升国际安全,分析科学技术快速发展所带来的影响,以及研发促进这些转变的政策。</li></ul> <ul><li>社会政策及美国制度: 研究美国制度,特别是与政府、企业等相关的制度。</li></ul> <ul><li>人文与文化: 增进公众对于人文在生活中的价值与角色的理解,为有关人文的政策分析提供新的资源。</li></ul> <ul><li>教育: 研究从小学、中学到大学的所有不同层次的教育。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="研究基金项目"><span id=".E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E5.9F.BA.E9.87.91.E9.A1.B9.E7.9B.AE"></span>研究基金项目</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="编辑章节:研究基金项目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>访问学者项目: 该项目为一跨学科的研究基金项目,目的是刺激和支持位于职业生涯早期的具有潜力的学者和实践家,并且为人文与科学院相关领域的院士与新一代的学者交流提供相关支持、</li> <li>赫尔曼科技政策研究基金项目: 该项目为位于职业生涯早期、在科学与工程领域有所培训且有志于转向公共政策与管理的专业人士提供支持。受该基金资助的学人将与资深的科学家与政策专家共同工作,就重要的国内及国际的科技政策事务进行研究。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="颁发奖项"><span id=".E9.A2.81.E5.8F.91.E5.A5.96.E9.A1.B9"></span>颁发奖项</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="编辑章节:颁发奖项"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>爱国学者奖</li> <li>创始人奖</li> <li>艾默利奖</li> <li>爱默生-梭罗奖</li> <li>人文研究奖</li> <li>拉姆福德奖</li> <li>帕森斯奖</li> <li>萨顿诗歌奖</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="全国人文社会科学委员会"><span id=".E5.85.A8.E5.9B.BD.E4.BA.BA.E6.96.87.E7.A4.BE.E4.BC.9A.E7.A7.91.E5.AD.A6.E5.A7.94.E5.91.98.E4.BC.9A"></span>全国人文社会科学委员会</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="编辑章节:全国人文社会科学委员会"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2011年,美国国会参议院及众议院两党成员请求人文与科学院组织一个全国委员会,并向国会提交一份报告,推荐具体、可行的步骤以确保美国能够保持在人文社会科学领域的卓越地位。 </p><p>根据国会的要求,人文与科学院成立了人文社会科学委员会,以进行全国范围内的讨论,并向政府、学校、大学、文化机构、商业机构、慈善机构推荐具体的行动方案,供其支持与强化上述知识领域。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人文与科学院院长列表(1791-现在)"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E6.96.87.E4.B8.8E.E7.A7.91.E5.AD.A6.E9.99.A2.E9.99.A2.E9.95.BF.E5.88.97.E8.A1.A8.EF.BC.881791-.E7.8E.B0.E5.9C.A8.EF.BC.89"></span>人文与科学院院长列表(1791-现在)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="编辑章节:人文与科学院院长列表(1791-现在)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:4; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li>1791–1814 <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·亚当斯">约翰·亚当斯</a></li> <li>1814–1820 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Augustus_Holyoke&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Augustus Holyoke(页面不存在)">Edward Augustus Holyoke</a></li> <li>1820–1829 <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%98%86%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·昆西·亚当斯">约翰·昆西·亚当斯</a></li> <li>1829–1838 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%8D%E6%92%92%E5%B0%BC%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%AE%91%E8%BF%AA%E5%A5%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="納撒尼爾·鮑迪奇(页面不存在)">納撒尼爾·鮑迪奇</a></li> <li>1838–1839 <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Jackson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James Jackson(页面不存在)">James Jackson</a></li> <li>1839–1846 <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Pickering&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Pickering(页面不存在)">John Pickering</a></li> <li>1846–1863 <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E6%AF%95%E6%A0%BC%E7%BD%97" title="雅各布·毕格罗">雅各布·毕格罗</a></li> <li>1863–1873 <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%96%A9%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="阿薩·格雷">阿薩·格雷</a></li> <li>1873–1880 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Francis_Adams&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Francis Adams(页面不存在)">Charles Francis Adams</a></li> <li>1880–1892 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Lovering&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Lovering(页面不存在)">Joseph Lovering</a></li> <li>1892–1894 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josiah_Parsons_Cooke&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Josiah Parsons Cooke(页面不存在)">Josiah Parsons Cooke</a></li> <li>1894–1903 <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%8A%A0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B9" title="亚历山大·阿加西兹">亚历山大·阿加西兹</a></li> <li>1903–1908 <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Watson_Goodwin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Watson Goodwin(页面不存在)">William Watson Goodwin</a></li> <li>1908–1915 <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Trowbridge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Trowbridge(页面不存在)">John Trowbridge</a></li> <li>1915–1917 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Pickering_Walcott&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Pickering Walcott(页面不存在)">Henry Pickering Walcott</a></li> <li>1917–1919 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Pickering_Bowditch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Pickering Bowditch(页面不存在)">Charles Pickering Bowditch</a></li> <li>1919–1921 <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%85%B9" title="西奥多·威廉·理查兹">西奥多·威廉·理查兹</a></li> <li>1921–1924 <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Foot_Moore&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George Foot Moore(页面不存在)">George Foot Moore</a></li> <li>1924–1927 <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E6%9B%BC" title="西奥多·莱曼">西奥多·莱曼</a></li> <li>1927–1931 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Bidwell_Wilson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Bidwell Wilson(页面不存在)">Edwin Bidwell Wilson</a></li> <li>1931–1933 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremiah_D._M._Ford&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeremiah D. M. Ford(页面不存在)">Jeremiah D. M. Ford</a></li> <li>1933–1935 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E8%8F%AF%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E5%85%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="喬治·霍華德·帕克(页面不存在)">喬治·霍華德·帕克</a></li> <li>1935–1937 <a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E5%BA%9E%E5%BE%B7" title="罗斯科·庞德">罗斯科·庞德</a></li> <li>1937–1939 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dugald_C._Jackson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dugald C. Jackson(页面不存在)">Dugald C. Jackson</a></li> <li>1939–1944 <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9" title="哈罗·沙普利">哈罗·沙普利</a></li> <li>1944–1951 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Mumford_Jones&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Howard Mumford Jones(页面不存在)">Howard Mumford Jones</a></li> <li>1951–1954 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Herbert_Land&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Herbert Land(页面不存在)">Edwin Herbert Land</a></li> <li>1954–1957 <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Ely_Burchard&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Ely Burchard(页面不存在)">John Ely Burchard</a></li> <li>1957–1961 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirtley_Fletcher_Mather&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kirtley Fletcher Mather(页面不存在)">Kirtley Fletcher Mather</a></li> <li>1961–1964 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hudson_Hoagland&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hudson Hoagland(页面不存在)">Hudson Hoagland</a></li> <li>1964–1967 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_A._Freund&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul A. Freund(页面不存在)">Paul A. Freund</a></li> <li>1967–1971 <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E6%A3%AE%E6%96%AF" title="塔尔科特·帕森斯">塔尔科特·帕森斯</a></li> <li>1971–1976 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harvey_Brooks&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Harvey Brooks(页面不存在)">Harvey Brooks</a></li> <li>1976–1979 <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E9%AD%8F%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%A4%AB" title="维克托·魏斯科普夫">维克托·魏斯科普夫</a></li> <li>1979–1982 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milton_Katz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Milton Katz(页面不存在)">Milton Katz</a></li> <li>1982–1986 <a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E4%BB%80%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%AB" title="赫尔曼·费什巴赫">赫尔曼·费什巴赫</a></li> <li>1986–1989 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Hirsch_Levi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Hirsch Levi(页面不存在)">Edward Hirsch Levi</a></li> <li>1989–1994 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Leroy_Beranek&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo Leroy Beranek(页面不存在)">Leo Leroy Beranek</a></li> <li>1994–1997 <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E5%88%A9%E5%9D%8E" title="雅罗斯拉夫·帕利坎">雅羅斯拉夫·帕利坎</a></li> <li>1997–2000 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_C._Tosteson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel C. Tosteson(页面不存在)">Daniel C. Tosteson</a></li> <li>2000–2001 <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_O._Freedman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James O. Freedman(页面不存在)">James O. Freedman</a></li> <li>2001–2006 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Meyer_Spacks&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Patricia Meyer Spacks(页面不存在)">Patricia Meyer Spacks</a></li> <li>2006–2009 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilio_Bizzi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Emilio Bizzi(页面不存在)">Emilio Bizzi</a></li> <li>2010–present <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leslie_C._Berlowitz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Leslie C. Berlowitz(页面不存在)">Leslie C. Berlowitz</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="院士"><span id=".E9.99.A2.E5.A3.AB"></span>院士</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="编辑章节:院士"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>从最初开始,院士均由现有院士提名及选举产生,并且不仅仅包括科学家及人文学人,也包括作家、艺术家以及其它所有职业及政治领域的杰出代表。在科学院的历史上,共选举产生约10,000位院士,其中包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·亚当斯">约翰·亚当斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9D%B0%E6%96%90%E9%80%8A" title="托马斯·杰斐逊">托马斯·杰斐逊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B4%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%BD%98%E6%81%A9" title="罗伯特·崔特·潘恩">罗伯特·崔特·潘恩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%9D%9C%E9%82%A6" title="约翰·詹姆斯·奥杜邦">约翰·詹姆斯·奥杜邦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="约瑟夫·亨利">约瑟夫·亨利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E7%9B%9B%E9%A0%93%C2%B7%E6%AD%90%E6%96%87" title="華盛頓·歐文">华盛顿·欧文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="约西亚·吉布斯">约西亚·吉布斯</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD%C2%B7%E5%9C%A3%E9%AB%98%E9%A1%BF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="奥古斯都·圣高顿(页面不存在)">奥古斯都·圣高顿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7%E9%BB%98" title="罗伯特·奥本海默">罗伯特·奥本海默</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%87%AF%E7%91%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="威拉·凯瑟(页面不存在)">威拉·凯瑟</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E7%95%A5%E7%89%B9" class="mw-disambig" title="艾略特">艾略特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E9%BB%98%E7%BD%97" title="爱德华·默罗">爱德华·默罗</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%94%E7%BA%B3%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E5%85%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乔纳·沙克(页面不存在)">乔纳·沙克</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%A4%E5%A4%9A%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%9C%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="尤多拉·威地(页面不存在)">尤多拉·威地</a>、以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E7%81%B5%E9%A1%BF%E5%85%AC%E7%88%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="艾灵顿公爵">艾灵顿公爵</a>。外籍院士则包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="欧拉">欧拉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%95%E8%80%B6%E7%89%B9%E4%BE%AF%E7%88%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="拉法耶特侯爵">拉法耶特侯爵</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E6%B4%AA%E5%A0%A1" title="亚历山大·冯·洪堡">亚历山大·冯·洪堡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A7%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%A6%AE%C2%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B" title="利奧波德·馮·蘭克">利奥波德·冯·兰克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="达尔文">达尔文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E8%B5%AB%E9%B2%81" class="mw-redirect" title="尼赫鲁">尼赫鲁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="海森堡">海森堡</a>、以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="亚历克·吉尼斯">亚历克·吉尼斯</a>等。天文学家<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%E4%BA%9E%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%88%87%E7%88%BE" title="瑪麗亞·米切爾">玛丽亚·米切尔</a>是第一位入选人文与科学院的女性,她当选于1848年。目前人文与科学院共有约4,000位院士及外籍院士,其中包括超过250位诺贝尔奖得主及超过60位普利策奖得主。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="华人院士"><span id=".E5.8D.8E.E4.BA.BA.E9.99.A2.E5.A3.AB"></span>华人院士</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="编辑章节:华人院士"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ambox_outdated_serious.svg/40px-Ambox_outdated_serious.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ambox_outdated_serious.svg/60px-Ambox_outdated_serious.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Ambox_outdated_serious.svg/80px-Ambox_outdated_serious.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此段落<b>需要更新</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2021年11月30日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請更新本文以反映近況和新增内容。完成修改後請移除本模板。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>历史上,当选为美国人文与科学院院士或者外籍院士的华人包括:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1932年 <a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%80%82" class="mw-redirect" title="胡适">胡 适</a>,外籍院士,哲学家,前<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" title="中央研究院">中央研究院</a>院长,前<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="北京大学">北京大学</a>校长。</li> <li>1938年 <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E7%BB%8F%E7%86%8A" title="吴经熊">吴经熊</a>,外籍院士,法学家,前<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%90%B4%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="东吴大学">东吴大学</a>法学院院长,前中华民国<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98" class="mw-redirect" title="立法委员">立法委员</a>,「中华民国宪法第一草案」(吴氏宪草)起草人。</li> <li>1947年 <a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%81%E6%96%87%E7%81%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="翁文灏">翁文灏</a>,外籍院士,地质学家,首批<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2%E9%99%A2%E5%A3%AB" title="中央研究院院士">中央研究院院士</a>,前中华民国<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%99%A2%E9%99%A2%E9%95%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="行政院院长">行政院院长</a>。</li> <li>1949年 <a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E5%AD%A6%E6%A3%AE" title="钱学森">钱学森</a>,中国航天之父,两弹一星元勋。</li> <li>1952年 <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%B5%A9_(%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="王浩 (数学家)">王浩</a>,数理逻辑、数学哲学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哈佛大学">哈佛大学</a>教授。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1959年 <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E6%8C%AF%E5%AE%81" title="杨振宁">杨振宁</a>,物理学家,<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" title="普林斯顿高等研究院">普林斯顿高等研究院</a>教授,1957年<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔物理学奖">诺贝尔物理学奖</a>得主<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>1959年 <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%94%BF%E9%81%93" title="李政道">李政道</a>,物理学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哥伦比亚大学">哥伦比亚大学</a>教授,1957年<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔物理学奖">诺贝尔物理学奖</a>得主。</li> <li>1962年 <a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%AE%B6%E7%BF%B9" title="林家翹">林家翘</a>,数学家,<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%9C%81%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="麻省理工学院">麻省理工学院</a>教授,美国工业与应用数学学会前主席。</li> <li>1970年 <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%91%9E%E9%A7%AA" title="王瑞駪">王瑞駪</a>,物理学家,<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E5%B7%9E%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%B8%83%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E5%88%86%E6%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="纽约州立大学布法罗分校">纽约州立大学布法罗分校</a>教授。</li> <li>1972年 <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E5%81%A5%E9%9B%84" title="吴健雄">吴健雄</a>,物理学家,哥伦比亚大学教授,被誉为「物理学女王」及「中国的居里夫人」。</li> <li>1975年 <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E8%82%87%E4%B8%AD" title="丁肇中">丁肇中</a>,物理学家,<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%9C%81%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="麻省理工学院">麻省理工学院</a>教授,1976年<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔物理学奖">诺贝尔物理学奖</a>得主。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E8%BF%9C%E5%93%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="李远哲">李远哲</a>,化学家,1986年<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔化学奖">诺贝尔化学奖</a>得主,前<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" title="中央研究院">中央研究院</a>院长。</li> <li>1976年 <a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%85%8B%E5%AD%99" class="mw-redirect" title="黄克孙">黄克孙</a>,理论物理学家、教育家、诗人、翻译家,<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%9C%81%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="麻省理工学院">麻省理工学院</a>教授。</li> <li>1979年 <a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%95%E7%82%B3%E6%A3%A3" title="何炳棣">何炳棣</a>,历史学家,<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%93%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="芝加哥大学">芝加哥大学</a>教授,美国亚洲学会前会长。</li> <li>1982年 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%A6%E6%BD%9C%E5%85%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="韦潜光(页面不存在)">韦潜光</a>,化工学家,<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="普林斯顿大学">普林斯顿大学</a>教授,工学院前院长。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E6%88%90%E6%A1%90" title="丘成桐">丘成桐</a>,数学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哈佛大学">哈佛大学</a>教授,1982年<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B9%E5%A5%96" title="菲尔兹奖">菲尔兹奖</a>得主。</li> <li>1984年 <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%80%AC" title="王倬">王 倬</a>,生物化学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哈佛大学">哈佛大学</a>教授。</li> <li>1985年 <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%BE%A9%E7%BF%B9" title="王義翹">王义翘</a>,生化工程师,<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%9C%81%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="麻省理工学院">麻省理工学院</a>教授。</li> <li>1988年 <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E7%BB%B4%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="杜维明">杜维明</a>,哲学家,<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E3%80%81%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="哈佛大学、北京大学(页面不存在)">哈佛大学、北京大学</a>教授。</li> <li>1989年 <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E7%BB%8F%E6%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="朱经武">朱经武</a>,物理学家,<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="香港科技大学">香港科技大学</a>前校长。</li> <li>1989年 <a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%B9%E6%AD%A6%E5%BF%A0" title="项武忠">项武忠</a>,数学家,<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%A6%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="斯坦福大学">斯坦福大学</a>教授。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%B7" title="谢希德">谢希德</a>,外籍院士,物理学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E6%97%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="复旦大学">复旦大学</a>教授、校长。</li> <li>1992年 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E9%81%90%E7%94%9F" title="徐遐生">徐遐生</a>,天文学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E5%88%86%E6%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="加州大学伯克利分校">加州大学伯克利分校</a>教授,美国天文学会前主席,<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E6%B8%85%E5%8D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="国立清华大学">国立清华大学</a>前校长。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E6%A3%A3%E6%96%87" title="朱棣文">朱棣文</a>,物理学家,1997年<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔物理学奖">诺贝尔物理学奖</a>得主,<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7" title="美國能源部長">美国能源部长</a>。</li> <li>1993年 <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E8%B5%93%E6%AD%A6" title="王赓武">王赓武</a>,外籍院士,历史学家,<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="澳洲人文科學院">澳洲人文科学院</a>前院长,<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="香港大学">香港大学</a>前校长。</li> <li>1996年 <a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%81%E5%90%AF%E6%83%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="翁启惠">翁启惠</a>,生物化学家,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" title="中央研究院">中央研究院</a>院长。</li> <li>1997年 <a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%A2%E6%BE%A4%E5%8D%97" title="錢澤南">钱泽南</a>,生物化学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E5%88%86%E6%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="加州大学伯克利分校">加州大学伯克利分校</a>教授,美国<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E5%8D%8E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E4%BC%91%E6%96%AF%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="霍华德·休斯医学研究所">霍华德·休斯医学研究所</a>主席。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%96%E8%BF%B0%E5%AE%97" title="廖述宗">廖述宗</a>,生物学家,<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%93%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="芝加哥大学">芝加哥大学</a>教授。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%95%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%80" title="何大一">何大一</a>,医学家,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E8%8F%B2%E5%8B%92%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="洛克菲勒大學">洛克菲勒大学</a>教授。</li> <li>1998年 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%B4%E4%BB%A5%E4%BB%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="吴以仲(页面不存在)">吴以仲</a>,生物学家,美国<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="国立卫生研究院">国立卫生研究院</a>分子细胞生物学实验室主任。</li> <li>1999年 <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E4%BD%91%E6%9B%BE" title="王佑曾">王佑曾</a>,资讯科学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E5%88%86%E6%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="加州大学伯克利分校">加州大学伯克利分校</a>教授,白宫科技政策办公室前副主任,<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="香港科技大学">香港科技大学</a>前副校长。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%87%E9%9B%84_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6)" title="李文雄 (生物學家)">李文雄</a>,演化生物学家,<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%93%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="芝加哥大学">芝加哥大学</a>教授。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%A4%AA%E6%A5%93" title="李太楓">李太枫</a>,外籍院士,天文学家,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" title="中央研究院">中央研究院</a>地球科学研究所前所长。</li> <li>2000年 <a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%9A%E6%9C%9F%E6%99%BA" title="姚期智">姚期智</a>,计算机科学家,<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="普林斯顿大学">普林斯顿大学</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="清华大学">清华大学</a>教授,2000年<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E7%81%B5%E5%A5%96" title="图灵奖">图灵奖</a>得主。</li> <li>——— <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%99%E5%9B%BD%E8%97%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="余国藩(页面不存在)">余国藩</a>,人文学家,<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%93%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="芝加哥大学">芝加哥大学</a>教授。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%94%E7%90%A6" title="崔琦">崔 琦</a>,物理学家,<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="普林斯顿大学">普林斯顿大学</a>教授,1998年<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔物理学奖">诺贝尔物理学奖</a>得主。</li> <li>2001年 <a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%9A%E9%B4%BB%E6%BE%A4" title="姚鴻澤">姚鸿泽</a>,数学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哈佛大学">哈佛大学</a>教授。</li> <li>2004年 <a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A7%E8%8D%AB%E5%A0%82" title="萧荫堂">萧荫堂</a>,数学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哈佛大学">哈佛大学</a>教授。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E8%AC%9D%E5%AE%87" title="謝宇">谢 宇</a>,社会学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E6%AD%87%E6%A0%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="密歇根大学">密歇根大学</a>教授。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%8A%B3%E5%8D%8E" title="林芳华">林芳华</a>,数学家,<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="纽约大学">纽约大学</a>教授。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E5%88%9A" title="田刚">田 刚</a>,数学家,<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%9C%81%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="麻省理工学院">麻省理工学院</a>教授。</li> <li>2005年 <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%80%A1_(%E4%BD%9C%E6%9B%B2%E5%AE%B6)" title="陈怡 (作曲家)">陈 怡</a>,音乐家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E8%8B%8F%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="密苏里大学">密苏里大学</a>堪萨斯分校教授。</li> <li>2006年 <a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E7%85%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="钱煦">钱 煦</a>,生物医学工程学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%9C%A3%E5%9C%B0%E7%89%99%E5%93%A5%E5%88%86%E6%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="加州大学圣地牙哥分校">加州大学圣地牙哥分校</a>教授,2011年<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96%E7%AB%A0" title="美国国家科学奖章">美国国家科学奖章</a>得主。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%91" title="哈金">哈 金</a>,作家,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A0%93%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="波士頓大學">波士顿大学</a>教授,1999年<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E7%8D%8E" title="美國國家圖書獎">美国国家图书奖</a>得主。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E6%98%A5%E9%A3%8E" title="施春风">施春风</a>,外籍院士,力学家,<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="新加坡国立大学">新加坡国立大学</a>教授,前校长,沙特<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%8B%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="阿卜杜拉国王科技大学">阿卜杜拉国王科技大学</a>创校校长。</li> <li>2007年 <a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E8%A3%95%E8%BE%B2" title="詹裕農">詹裕农</a>,生物学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%97%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%88%86%E6%A0%A1" title="加州大学旧金山分校">加州大学旧金山分校</a>教授。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E5%85%AC%E6%9D%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="叶公杼">叶公杼</a>,生物学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%97%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%88%86%E6%A0%A1" title="加州大学旧金山分校">加州大学旧金山分校</a>教授。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%81%E9%92%A7%E8%8B%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="袁钧英">袁钧英</a>,生物学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哈佛大学">哈佛大学</a>教授。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AB%E9%B4%BB" title="巫鴻">巫 鸿</a>,艺术史学家,<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%93%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="芝加哥大学">芝加哥大学</a>教授。</li> <li>2008年 <a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E6%99%93%E4%BA%AE" title="谢晓亮">谢晓亮</a>,化学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哈佛大学">哈佛大学</a>教授。</li> <li>2009年 <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%B9%B2%E5%9F%8E" title="雷干城">雷干城</a>,理论物理学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E5%88%86%E6%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="加州大学伯克利分校">加州大学伯克利分校</a>教授。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E5%AE%8F%E6%9D%B0" title="戴宏杰">戴宏杰</a>,物理学家,<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%A6%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="斯坦福大学">斯坦福大学</a>教授。</li> <li>2010年 <a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E7%8E%B2" title="胡玲">胡 玲</a>,微电子学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哈佛大学">哈佛大学</a>教授。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E9%95%B7%E8%AC%99" title="陳長謙">陈长谦</a>,化学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="加州理工学院">加州理工学院</a>教授,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" title="中央研究院">中央研究院</a>前副院长。</li> <li>2011年 <a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%81%E7%8E%89%E6%9E%97" title="翁玉林">翁玉林</a>,天文学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="加州理工学院">加州理工学院</a>教授。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E9%A6%96%E6%99%9F" title="张首晟">张首晟</a>,物理学家,<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%A6%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="斯坦福大学">斯坦福大学</a>教授。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%AF%BF%E6%AD%A6" title="张寿武">张寿武</a>,数学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哥伦比亚大学">哥伦比亚大学</a>教授。</li> <li>——— <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%A0%E7%9C%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="王映真(页面不存在)">王映真</a>,医学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%9C%A3%E5%9C%B0%E7%89%99%E5%93%A5%E5%88%86%E6%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="加州大学圣地牙哥分校">加州大学圣地牙哥分校</a>。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%AF%E4%B8%80%E9%92%8A" title="侯一钊">侯一钊</a>,数学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="加州理工学院">加州理工学院</a>教授,应用数学系主任。</li> <li>2012年 <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E5%9F%B9%E4%B8%9C" title="杨培东">杨培东</a>,化学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E5%88%86%E6%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="加州大学伯克利分校">加州大学伯克利分校</a>教授。</li> <li>——— <a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%86%E5%88%A9%E7%BE%A4" title="骆利群">骆利群</a>,生物学家,<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%A6%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="斯坦福大学">斯坦福大学</a>教授。</li> <li>2013年 <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AC" title="施一公">施一公</a>,生物学家,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="清华大学">清华大学</a>教授。</li> <li>2016年 <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E9%9B%B6" title="李零">李零</a>,考古与古汉语人文学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="北京大学">北京大学</a>教授。</li> <li>2016年 <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E6%89%AC" title="施扬">施扬</a>,生物医学家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="哈佛医学院">哈佛医学院</a>教授</li> <li>2016年 <a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%98%A5%E7%A4%BC" title="白春礼">白春礼</a>,化学家,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="中国科学院">中国科学院</a>院长</li> <li>2016年 <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9E%E5%AD%94%E5%9D%9A" title="俞孔坚">俞孔坚</a>,建筑与景观设计学家,北京大学教授</li> <li>2016年 <a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%99%E9%9A%86" title="余隆">余隆</a>,指挥家,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%88%B1%E4%B9%90%E4%B9%90%E5%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="中国爱乐乐团">中国爱乐乐团</a>艺术总监</li> <li>2016年 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E7%8E%89%E5%A6%82" class="mw-redirect" title="叶玉如">叶玉如</a>,女,神经生物学家,<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="香港科技大学">香港科技大学</a>教授</li> <li>2016年 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%9C%8B%E6%9D%BE_(%E7%95%AB%E5%AE%B6)" title="劉國松 (畫家)">刘国松</a>,艺术家,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E5%B8%88%E8%8C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="台湾师范大学">台湾师范大学</a>教授</li> <li>2016年 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%A3%E6%B8%85%E5%8D%8E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="季清华(页面不存在)">季清华</a>,女,认知科学家,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%88%A9%E6%A1%91%E9%82%A3%E5%B7%9E%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="亞利桑那州立大學">亚利桑那州立大学</a>教授</li> <li>2016年 <a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E8%95%BE" title="周蕾">周蕾</a>,文化评论家,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="杜克大学">杜克大学</a>教授</li> <li>2016年 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Davie_Li_Lee&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Davie Li Lee(页面不存在)">Davie Li Lee</a>,商人、风险投资人</li> <li>2018年 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E9%94%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="张锋">张锋</a>,神經生物學家</li> <li>2018年 <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E5%88%9A_(%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="陈刚 (科学家)">陈刚</a>,材料和流体学家</li> <li>2018年 <a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%86" title="林海帆">林海帆</a>,生物学家</li> <li>2018年 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%98%E5%BB%BA%E5%9B%BD_(%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="刘建国 (生态学家)(页面不存在)">刘建国 (生态学家)</a>,生态学家</li> <li>2018年 <a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E9%9B%AA%E6%B6%9B" title="曹雪涛">曹雪涛</a>,免疫学家</li> <li>2018年 <a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%81%E8%A1%8C%E9%9C%88" title="袁行霈">袁行霈</a>,中国古代文学家</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83"></span>参考</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="编辑章节:参考"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160918100521/http://news.yale.edu/2004/05/04/yale-faculty-named-american-academy-arts-and-sciences">八位耶鲁教授当选为美国人文与科学院院士</a>. 耶鲁大学. 2004-05-04 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2012-04-29</span>&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.yale.edu/2004/05/04/yale-faculty-named-american-academy-arts-and-sciences">原始内容</a>存档于2016-09-18).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;rft.btitle=%E5%85%AB%E4%BD%8D%E8%80%B6%E9%B2%81%E6%95%99%E6%8E%88%E5%BD%93%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BA%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%8E%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E9%99%A2%E5%A3%AB&amp;rft.date=2004-05-04&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=%E8%80%B6%E9%B2%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.yale.edu%2F2004%2F05%2F04%2Fyale-faculty-named-american-academy-arts-and-sciences&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324052923/http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/200851381216390206510.html">什么样的人文学者在美国可成为院士</a>. 科学时报. 2008-05-13 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2012-04-29</span>&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/200851381216390206510.html">原始内容</a>存档于2021-03-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;rft.btitle=%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%A0%B7%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E5%9C%A8%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%AF%E6%88%90%E4%B8%BA%E9%99%A2%E5%A3%AB&amp;rft.date=2008-05-13&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sciencenet.cn%2Fhtmlnews%2F200851381216390206510.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120902040629/http://www.amacad.org/about.aspx">简介</a>. 美国人文与科学院. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2012-04-29</span>&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amacad.org/about.aspx">原始内容</a>存档于2012-09-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;rft.btitle=%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%8E%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fabout.aspx&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110103142200/https://www.amacad.org/about/charter.aspx">人文与科学院宪章</a>. 美国人文与科学院. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2012-04-29</span>&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amacad.org/about/charter.aspx">原始内容</a>存档于2011-01-03).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;rft.btitle=%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%8E%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E5%AE%AA%E7%AB%A0&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%8E%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fabout%2Fcharter.aspx&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404171706/http://www.answers.com/topic/american-academy-of-arts-and-sciences">Gale美国历史百科全书: 美国人文与科学院</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2012-04-29</span>&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.answers.com/topic/american-academy-of-arts-and-sciences">原始内容</a>存档于2019-04-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;rft.btitle=Gale%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%3A+%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%8E%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.answers.com%2Ftopic%2Famerican-academy-of-arts-and-sciences&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140830090435/https://www.amacad.org/content/about/about.aspx?d=363&amp;t=4&amp;s=0">Visiting Scholars Program</a>. American Academy of Arts and Sciences. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2014-08-22</span>&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/content/about/about.aspx?d=363&amp;t=4&amp;s=0">原始内容</a>存档于2014-08-30).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;rft.btitle=Visiting+Scholars+Program&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fcontent%2Fabout%2Fabout.aspx%3Fd%3D363%26t%3D4%26s%3D0&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110103142200/https://www.amacad.org/about/charter.aspx">Charter of Incorporation</a>. American Academy of Arts and Sciences. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2012-04-21</span>&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amacad.org/about/charter.aspx">原始内容</a>存档于2011-01-03).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;rft.btitle=Charter+of+Incorporation&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fabout%2Fcharter.aspx&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424223541/http://www.amacad.org/news/classlist2012.pdf">2012年新当选院士名单</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 美国人文与科学院. 2012-04-17 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2012-04-29</span>&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amacad.org/news/classlist2012.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2012-04-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;rft.btitle=2012%E5%B9%B4%E6%96%B0%E5%BD%93%E9%80%89%E9%99%A2%E5%A3%AB%E5%90%8D%E5%8D%95&amp;rft.date=2012-04-17&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%8E%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fnews%2Fclasslist2012.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120723061435/https://academicians.sinica.edu.tw/showPrizeList.php">中央研究院院士荣获学术殊荣名单</a>. 中央研究院. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2012-04-29</span>&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academicians.sinica.edu.tw/showPrizeList.php">原始内容</a>存档于2012-07-23).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2%E9%99%A2%E5%A3%AB%E8%8D%A3%E8%8E%B7%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E6%AE%8A%E8%8D%A3%E5%90%8D%E5%8D%95&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Facademicians.sinica.edu.tw%2FshowPrizeList.php&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/person/hao-wang">Hao Wang | American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>. www.amacad.org. 2023-02-09 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2024-05-31</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240531193737/https://www.amacad.org/person/hao-wang">存档</a>于2024-05-31) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;rft.atitle=Hao+Wang+%7C+American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&amp;rft.date=2023-02-09&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.amacad.org&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fperson%2Fhao-wang&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181209212640/https://www.amacad.org/content/system/search.aspx?t=50&amp;s=yang">美国人文与科学院官网主页</a>. 杨振宁(Chen-Ning Yang). <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2018-12-09</span>&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/content/system/search.aspx?t=50&amp;s=yang">原始内容</a>存档于2018-12-09).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;rft.btitle=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%8E%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E5%AE%98%E7%BD%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=%E6%9D%A8%E6%8C%AF%E5%AE%81%EF%BC%88Chen-Ning+Yang%EF%BC%89&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fcontent%2Fsystem%2Fsearch.aspx%3Ft%3D50%26s%3Dyang&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="编辑章节:参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="美国哲学会">美国哲学会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="美国国家科学院">美国国家科学院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="美国国家工程学院">美国国家工程学院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="美国国家医学院">美国国家医学院</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="编辑章节:外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源:<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:American Academy of Arts and Sciences"><span style="font-weight:bold;">美国文理科学院</span></a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amacad.org/">官方网站</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20071201042120/http://www.amacad.org/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:","}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:";"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="美国学术院" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E9%99%A2" title="Template:美国学术院"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:美国学术院(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E9%99%A2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:美国学术院"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="美国学术院" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">美国学术院</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;">四大<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="美国国家学院">国家学术院</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="美国国家科学院">美国国家科学院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E9%99%A2" title="美国国家工程院">美国国家工程院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="美国国家医学院">美国国家医学院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="美國國家科學研究委員會">美國國家科學研究委員會</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7em;">其他学术院</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">美国艺术与科学院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E6%9A%A8%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" title="美国艺术暨文学学会">美国艺术文学院</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国外交学院" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="American Academy of Diplomacy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="美国外交学院(页面不存在)">美国外交学院</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Diplomacy" class="extiw" title="en:American Academy of Diplomacy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">American Academy of Diplomacy</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国诗人学院" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Academy of American Poets"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%97%E4%BA%BA%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="美国诗人学院(页面不存在)">美国诗人学院</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_American_Poets" class="extiw" title="en:Academy of American Poets"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Academy of American Poets</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐64cd99f567‐2mt8x Cached time: 20241125165432 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.425 seconds Real time usage: 0.577 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1240/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 39736/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 520/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 29336/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.238/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3937070/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 471.345 1 -total 20.70% 97.563 1 Template:Reflist 19.90% 93.785 1 Template:美国学术院 19.30% 90.987 1 Template:Navbox 17.48% 82.407 11 Template:Cite_web 16.47% 77.611 1 Template:Coord 15.19% 71.605 1 Template:更新 13.35% 62.937 1 Template:Ambox 11.28% 53.163 1 Template:Commons_category 10.80% 50.890 1 Template:Sister_project --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key zhwiki:pcache:idhash:1247438-0!canonical!zh and timestamp 20241125165432 and revision id 84979003. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=美国文理科学院&amp;oldid=84979003">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=美国文理科学院&amp;oldid=84979003</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>:​<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1780%E5%B9%B4%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B" title="Category:1780年建立">1780年建立</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E8%B5%84%E5%8A%A9%E7%9A%84%E7%A0%94%E5%8F%91%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="Category:美国联邦政府资助的研发组织">美国联邦政府资助的研发组织</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="Category:美国文理科学院">美国文理科学院</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E5%89%91%E6%A1%A5%E5%B8%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:剑桥市(页面不存在)">剑桥市</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类:​<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8WikiMiniAtlas%E5%B0%8F%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:使用WikiMiniAtlas小工具的页面">使用WikiMiniAtlas小工具的页面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90_(en)" title="Category:CS1英语来源 (en)">CS1英语来源 (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B8%8D%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:维基数据不存在坐标数据的页面">维基数据不存在坐标数据的页面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2021%E5%B9%B411%E6%9C%88%E5%BE%85%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:自2021年11月待更新条目">自2021年11月待更新条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E4%BA%86%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%B9%E9%85%8D%E9%A1%B9" title="Category:维基共享资源分类链接使用了维基数据上的匹配项">维基共享资源分类链接使用了维基数据上的匹配项</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年11月15日 (星期五) 07:43。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享 署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供,附加条款亦可能应用。(请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>)<br /> Wikipedia&#174;和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标;维基&#8482;是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-688fc9465-cdz7l","wgBackendResponseTime":179,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.425","walltime":"0.577","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1240,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":39736,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":520,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":29336,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 471.345 1 -total"," 20.70% 97.563 1 Template:Reflist"," 19.90% 93.785 1 Template:美国学术院"," 19.30% 90.987 1 Template:Navbox"," 17.48% 82.407 11 Template:Cite_web"," 16.47% 77.611 1 Template:Coord"," 15.19% 71.605 1 Template:更新"," 13.35% 62.937 1 Template:Ambox"," 11.28% 53.163 1 Template:Commons_category"," 10.80% 50.890 1 Template:Sister_project"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.238","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3937070,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-64cd99f567-2mt8x","timestamp":"20241125165432","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u7f8e\u56fd\u6587\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u9662","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%90%86%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q463303","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q463303","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2010-04-04T15:22:22Z","dateModified":"2024-11-15T07:43:20Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/85\/AAAS_exterior_1_-_Cambridge%2C_MA.JPG","headline":"\u7f8e\u570b\u540d\u8b7d\u793e\u6703\u548c\u7368\u7acb\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10