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<span>Morphology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morphology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology_and_human_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology_and_human_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ecology and human use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology_and_human_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heliotrine_and_heliotridine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heliotrine_and_heliotridine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Heliotrine and heliotridine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heliotrine_and_heliotridine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origins_of_diversification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_of_diversification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Origins of diversification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_of_diversification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Selected species</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Selected_species-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Selected species subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Selected_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Formerly_included_here" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formerly_included_here"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Formerly included here</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formerly_included_here-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Heliotropium</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" 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Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3" title="رقيب الشمس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رقيب الشمس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Подсунка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Подсунка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotropium" title="Heliotropium – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Heliotropium" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotropium" title="Heliotropium – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Heliotropium" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotrop" title="Heliotrop – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Heliotrop" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonnenwenden" title="Sonnenwenden – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sonnenwenden" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ηλιοτρόπιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηλιοτρόπιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotropium" title="Heliotropium – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Heliotropium" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_(%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="آفتاب‌پرست (سرده) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آفتاب‌پرست (سرده)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9liotrope" title="Héliotrope – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Héliotrope" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C3%BAr_na_gr%C3%A9ine" title="Plúr na gréine – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Plúr na gréine" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EA%BD%83%EC%86%8D" title="해꽃속 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="해꽃속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1_(%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%BD)" title="Արևադարձ (բույս) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արևադարձ (բույս)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="सूर्यानुवर्त – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सूर्यानुवर्त" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wobrotni%C4%8Dka" title="Wobrotnička – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wobrotnička" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradavka" title="Bradavka – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bradavka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotropo" title="Heliotropo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Heliotropo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotropium" title="Heliotropium – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Heliotropium" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A5-%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91" title="עוקץ-עקרב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עוקץ-עקרב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98" title="ჰელიოტროპი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰელიოტროპი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Гелиотроп – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гелиотроп" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82p%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Гелиотpоп – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гелиотpоп" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotropium" title="Heliotropium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Heliotropium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotropi" title="Heliotropi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Heliotropi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotropas" title="Heliotropas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Heliotropas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunkor" title="Kunkor – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kunkor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3" title="رقيب الشمس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رقيب الشمس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotroop_(geslacht)" title="Heliotroop (geslacht) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Heliotroop (geslacht)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%80%E3%83%81%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BD%E3%82%A6%E5%B1%9E" title="キダチルリソウ属 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キダチルリソウ属" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotrop_(ro%C5%9Blina)" title="Heliotrop (roślina) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Heliotrop (roślina)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotropium" title="Heliotropium – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Heliotropium" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Гелиотроп (растение) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гелиотроп (растение)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotropium" title="Heliotropium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Heliotropium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotroopit" title="Heliotroopit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Heliotroopit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotropsl%C3%A4ktet" title="Heliotropsläktet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Heliotropsläktet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%84%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82_(%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%91%D2%B3)" title="Офтобпараст (гиёҳ) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Офтобпараст (гиёҳ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotropium" title="Heliotropium – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Heliotropium" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%8A%A5%E8%8F%9C%E5%B1%AC" title="天芥菜屬 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="天芥菜屬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%8A%A5%E8%8F%9C%E5%B1%9E" title="天芥菜属 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="天芥菜属" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q158082#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Heliotropium</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Heliotropium_peruvianum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Heliotropium_peruvianum.jpg/220px-Heliotropium_peruvianum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Heliotropium_peruvianum.jpg/330px-Heliotropium_peruvianum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Heliotropium_peruvianum.jpg/440px-Heliotropium_peruvianum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="392" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_arborescens" title="Heliotropium arborescens">Heliotropium arborescens</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Heliotropium" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boraginales" title="Boraginales">Boraginales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boraginaceae" title="Boraginaceae">Boraginaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heliotropioideae" title="Heliotropioideae">Heliotropioideae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Heliotropium</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Tourn." class="mw-redirect" title="Tourn.">Tourn.</a> ex <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a> (1753)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">Type species</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_europaeum" title="Heliotropium europaeum">Heliotropium europaeum</a></i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">L. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">Species</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p>250-300, see text </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-powo_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-powo-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><i>Beruniella</i> <small>Zakirov & Nabiev (1986)</small></li> <li><i>Bourjotia</i> <small>Pomel (1874)</small></li> <li><i>Bucanion</i> <small>Steven (1851)</small></li> <li><i>Ceballosia</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">G.Kunkel ex Förther (1998)</span></li> <li><i>Cochranea</i> <small>Miers (1868)</small></li> <li><i>Dialion</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Raf. (1838)</span></li> <li><i>Eliopia</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Raf. (1838)</span></li> <li><i>Heliophytum</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">DC. (1845)</span></li> <li><i>Hieranthemum</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Spach (1840)</span></li> <li><i>Lithococca</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Small ex Rydb. (1932)</span></li> <li><i>Meladendron</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Molina (1810)</span></li> <li><i>Notonerium</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Benth. (1876)</span></li> <li><i>Oskampia</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Raf. (1838), nom. illeg.</span></li> <li><i>Parabouchetia</i> <small>Baill. (1887)</small></li> <li><i>Pentacarya</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">DC. ex Meisn. (1840)</span></li> <li><i>Piptoclaina</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">G.Don (1837)</span></li> <li><i>Pittonia</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Mill. (1754)</span></li> <li><i>Sarcanthus</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Andersson (1855)</span></li> <li><i>Schobera</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Scop. (1777)</span></li> <li><i>Scorpianthes</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Raf. (1838)</span></li> <li><i>Scorpiurus</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Heist. ex Fabr. (1763)</span></li> <li><i>Synzistachium</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Raf.(1838)</span></li> <li><i>Tetrandra</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Miq. (1858)</span></li> <li><i>Tiaridium</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Lehm. (1818)</span></li> <li><i>Valentina</i> <small>Speg. (1902), nom. illeg.</small></li> <li><i>Valentiniella</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Speg. (1903)</span></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Heliotropium</b></i> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/əm/: 'm' in 'rhythm'">əm</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>-/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> traditionally included in the <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="/wiki/Boraginaceae" title="Boraginaceae">Boraginaceae</a> <i>s.l.</i>, but placed in the family Heliotropiaceae within the Boraginales <a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">order</a>, by the Boraginales Working Group..<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are around 325 species in this almost <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitan_distribution" title="Cosmopolitan distribution">cosmopolitan</a> genus,<sup id="cite_ref-LuebertCecchi2016_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LuebertCecchi2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which are commonly known as <b>heliotropes</b>. They are highly toxic to dogs and cats, as well as to humans.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name "heliotrope" derives from the old idea that the <a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">inflorescences</a> of these plants turned their rows of flowers to the Sun.<sup id="cite_ref-RHS_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RHS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ἥλιος (<i>helios</i>) is <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> for "Sun", τρέπειν (<i>trepein</i>) means "to turn". The <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> name "turnsole" has the same meaning.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Classical myth, told in <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i>, imagines that the water nymph <a href="/wiki/Clytie_(Oceanid)" title="Clytie (Oceanid)">Clytie</a>, in love with the sun god <a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a>, was scorned by him. Wasting away, she transformed into the heliotrope, whose flowers supposedly always face the Sun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morphology">Morphology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Morphology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like other members of the Heliotropiaceae, plants in the genus <i>Heliotropium</i> have <a href="/wiki/5-merous" class="mw-redirect" title="5-merous">5-merous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetracyclic_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetracyclic flower">tetracyclic</a> flowers and <a href="/wiki/Actinomorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinomorphic">actinomorphic</a> <a href="/wiki/Petal" title="Petal">corollas</a>. They likewise share in their characteristic <a href="/wiki/Style_(flower)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (flower)">terminal styles</a> and highly modified stigmatic heads (basal stigma, infertile apex). Species in the genus are typically herbs or subshrubs exclusively and are characterized by their dry fruits that divide into two or four mericarpids.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heliotropium_strigosum._Synonyms_Heliotropium_constrictum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Heliotropium_strigosum._Synonyms_Heliotropium_constrictum.jpg/220px-Heliotropium_strigosum._Synonyms_Heliotropium_constrictum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Heliotropium_strigosum._Synonyms_Heliotropium_constrictum.jpg/330px-Heliotropium_strigosum._Synonyms_Heliotropium_constrictum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Heliotropium_strigosum._Synonyms_Heliotropium_constrictum.jpg/440px-Heliotropium_strigosum._Synonyms_Heliotropium_constrictum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3112" data-file-height="2408" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/5-merous" class="mw-redirect" title="5-merous">5-merosity</a> can be easily seen in this image of <i>Heliotropium strigosum</i>. </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology_and_human_use">Ecology and human use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ecology and human use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heliotropium_ovalifolium_(Grey_leaf_heliotrope)_W_IMG_9949.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Heliotropium_ovalifolium_%28Grey_leaf_heliotrope%29_W_IMG_9949.jpg/190px-Heliotropium_ovalifolium_%28Grey_leaf_heliotrope%29_W_IMG_9949.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Heliotropium_ovalifolium_%28Grey_leaf_heliotrope%29_W_IMG_9949.jpg/285px-Heliotropium_ovalifolium_%28Grey_leaf_heliotrope%29_W_IMG_9949.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Heliotropium_ovalifolium_%28Grey_leaf_heliotrope%29_W_IMG_9949.jpg/380px-Heliotropium_ovalifolium_%28Grey_leaf_heliotrope%29_W_IMG_9949.jpg 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Grey leaf heliotrope <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_ovalifolium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium ovalifolium (page does not exist)">Heliotropium ovalifolium</a></i> at Pocharam lake, <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. </figcaption></figure> <p>Heliotropes are popular garden plants, most notably <a href="/wiki/Garden_heliotrope" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden heliotrope">garden heliotrope</a> (<i>H. arborescens</i>). Some species are weeds, and many are <a href="/wiki/Hepatotoxicity" title="Hepatotoxicity">hepatotoxic</a> if eaten due to abundant <a href="/wiki/Pyrrolizidine_alkaloid" title="Pyrrolizidine alkaloid">pyrrolizidine alkaloids</a>. There have been cases of canine death due to over-ingestion of this toxic plant.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some danaine <a href="/wiki/Butterfly" title="Butterfly">butterflies</a>, such as male <a href="/wiki/Queen_(butterfly)" title="Queen (butterfly)">queen butterflies</a>, visit these plants, being attracted to their <a href="/wiki/Pyrrolizidine_alkaloid" title="Pyrrolizidine alkaloid">pyrrolizidine alkaloids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though it is not palatable and most animals will completely ignore it, there have been cases of horses, swine and cattle being poisoned due to contamination of hay.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Caterpillar" title="Caterpillar">Caterpillars</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Grass_jewel" class="mw-redirect" title="Grass jewel">grass jewel</a> (<i>Freyeria trochylus</i>), a <a href="/wiki/Gossamer-winged_butterfly" class="mw-redirect" title="Gossamer-winged butterfly">gossamer-winged butterfly</a>, feed on <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_strigosum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium strigosum (page does not exist)">H. strigosum</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The sap of heliotrope flowers, namely of European heliotrope (<i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_europaeum" title="Heliotropium europaeum">H. europaeum</a></i>), was used as a <a href="/wiki/Food_coloring" title="Food coloring">food coloring</a> in <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern">Early Modern</a> <a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French cuisine</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>One of the most famous <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">ragtime</a> <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a> melodies is "<a href="/wiki/Heliotrope_Bouquet" title="Heliotrope Bouquet">Heliotrope Bouquet</a>", composed in 1907 by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Chauvin" title="Louis Chauvin">Louis Chauvin</a> (the first two strains) and <a href="/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin">Scott Joplin</a> (the last two strains). </p><p>Garden heliotrope is grown in Southern Europe as an ingredient for <a href="/wiki/Perfume" title="Perfume">perfume</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The purplish facial rash of <a href="/wiki/Dermatomyositis" title="Dermatomyositis">dermatomyositis</a> is called "heliotrope rash" because it resembles <i>E. arborescens</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heliotrine_and_heliotridine">Heliotrine and heliotridine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Heliotrine and heliotridine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seeds of the <i>Heliotropium</i> genus were discovered in the 1940s and 50s to be responsible for liver disease in populations that consumed them in large quantities, either inadvertently (as a contaminant of food crops) or deliberately (associated with the ingestion of herbal infusions for the treatment of certain ailments). The seeds contained high concentrations of <a href="/wiki/Pyrrolizidine_alkaloids" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrrolizidine alkaloids">pyrrolizidine alkaloids</a>, identified mainly as the N-oxide of heliotrine (74%), and one or two other compounds similar in character to lasiocarpine.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, in 1993 and 2017, there have been reported cases of poisoning in Tajkistan from wheat contaminated with <i>Heliotropium lasiocarpum</i> seeds.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Taxonomic revision supported through <a href="/wiki/Molecular_phylogenetics" title="Molecular phylogenetics">molecular phylogenetics</a> led to the recognition of <i><a href="/wiki/Euploca" title="Euploca">Euploca</a></i> as genus separate from <i>Heliotropium</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-HilgerDiane2003_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HilgerDiane2003-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LuebertCecchi2016_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LuebertCecchi2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Tournefortia" title="Tournefortia">Tournefortia</a></i> was included in <i>Heliotropium</i> in a 2016 revision.<sup id="cite_ref-LuebertCecchi2016_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LuebertCecchi2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within <i>Heliotropium</i>, there are four major <a href="/wiki/Clades" class="mw-redirect" title="Clades">clades</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-LuebertCecchi2016_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LuebertCecchi2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Heliotropium</i> sect. <i>Heliothamnus</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">I.M.Johnst.</span></li> <li>Old World <i>Heliotropium</i> clade</li> <li><i>Heliotropium</i> sect. <i>Cochranea</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Miers) Post & Kuntze</span></li> <li><i>Tournefortia</i> clade, comprising <i>Tournefortia</i> sect. <i>Tournefortia</i> and all remaining New World <i>Heliotropium species</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_of_diversification">Origins of diversification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Origins of diversification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three of the four major clades within <i>Heliotropium</i> have their centers of diversity in South America. The origins of the remaining <a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a> <i>Heliotropium</i> clade can be traced back to a single colonization event from the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/ITS1" class="mw-redirect" title="ITS1">ITS1</a> data shows there is a single characteristic long <a href="/wiki/Deletion_(genetics)" title="Deletion (genetics)">deletion</a> between positions 61 and 111 in the genome of the Old World species, which defines the Old World <i>Heliotropium</i> species and separates them from their New World counterparts. Researchers concluded this is a single <a href="/wiki/Autapomorphy" title="Autapomorphy">autapomorphic</a> character from a single deletion event in the past. This most reasonably explains how the whole group may have come to share this characteristic deletion when comparing the genomes of Old World and New World <i>Heliotropium</i>. </p><p>The most likely driver of <i>Heliotropium</i> diversification across the three New World clades is early <a href="/wiki/Andean_orogeny" title="Andean orogeny">Andean uplift</a>. Researchers identified three independent diversification events in the phylogeny of Andean <i>Heliotropium</i>, whose timings correspond to late <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> Andean uplift as well as the development of arid environments in South America during the <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a>. These three diversification events each mark the separation of the <i>Heliothamnus</i>, <i>Cochranea</i>, and <i>Tournefortia</i> clades from the rest of <i>Heliotropium</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Heliothamnus</i> diversification is estimated to have taken place in the late Miocene. The age of <i>Heliothamnus</i> suggest that its diversification could have been triggered directly by the uplift of the Andes, something that would have promoted speciation in inner-Andean valleys and the Andean <a href="/wiki/Shrubland" title="Shrubland">scrub</a>. The majority of <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> <i>Heliothamnus</i> <a href="/wiki/Taxa" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxa">taxa</a> in the region are restricted to these sorts of environments, further supporting this theory as the current leading theory explaining <i>Heliothamnus</i> diversification.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the main rise of the Andes, <i>Cochranea</i> and <i>Tournefortia</i> coinhabited the Andean region at the same time and significant <a href="/wiki/Speciation" title="Speciation">speciation</a> had not yet occurred. Once the Andes began to rise, <i>Cochranea</i> became isolated on the western side of the Andes while <i>Tournefortia</i> grew on the eastern side. This east-west division is still true of each group’s present distributions. The rise of the Andes affected the climate of the region and is believed to have contributed to the hyperaridity of the <a href="/wiki/Atacama_Desert" title="Atacama Desert">Atacama Desert</a>, something that could have acted as an additional barrier to filter out other <i>Heliotropium</i> species into the range of <i>Cochranea</i>, thus promoting <i>Cochranea</i> speciation. Elevation differences would have also acted as barriers that helped promote speciation in <i>Tournefortia</i> species as many large groups within <i>Tournefortia</i> became well-adapted to high-elevation environments while other <i>Heliotropium</i> clades did not and thus could not coinhabit the same environments as <i>Tournefortia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_species">Selected species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Selected species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Heliotropium_species" title="List of Heliotropium species">List of <i>Heliotropium</i> species</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Starr_010828-0009_Heliotropium_anomalum_var._argenteum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Starr_010828-0009_Heliotropium_anomalum_var._argenteum.jpg/220px-Starr_010828-0009_Heliotropium_anomalum_var._argenteum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Starr_010828-0009_Heliotropium_anomalum_var._argenteum.jpg/330px-Starr_010828-0009_Heliotropium_anomalum_var._argenteum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Starr_010828-0009_Heliotropium_anomalum_var._argenteum.jpg/440px-Starr_010828-0009_Heliotropium_anomalum_var._argenteum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_anomalum" title="Heliotropium anomalum">Heliotropium anomalum</a></i> var. <i>argenteum</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heliotropium_europaeum_2004-10-xx-p1010074.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Heliotropium_europaeum_2004-10-xx-p1010074.jpg/220px-Heliotropium_europaeum_2004-10-xx-p1010074.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Heliotropium_europaeum_2004-10-xx-p1010074.jpg/330px-Heliotropium_europaeum_2004-10-xx-p1010074.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Heliotropium_europaeum_2004-10-xx-p1010074.jpg/440px-Heliotropium_europaeum_2004-10-xx-p1010074.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>European heliotrope (<i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_europaeum" title="Heliotropium europaeum">Heliotropium europaeum</a></i>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Turnsole_(Heliotropium_indicum)_W_IMG_9746.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Indian_Turnsole_%28Heliotropium_indicum%29_W_IMG_9746.jpg/220px-Indian_Turnsole_%28Heliotropium_indicum%29_W_IMG_9746.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Indian_Turnsole_%28Heliotropium_indicum%29_W_IMG_9746.jpg/330px-Indian_Turnsole_%28Heliotropium_indicum%29_W_IMG_9746.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Indian_Turnsole_%28Heliotropium_indicum%29_W_IMG_9746.jpg/440px-Indian_Turnsole_%28Heliotropium_indicum%29_W_IMG_9746.jpg 2x" data-file-width="611" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Indian turnsole (<i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_indicum" title="Heliotropium indicum">Heliotropium indicum</a></i>) inflorescence</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Starr_050222-4160_Heliotropium_procumbens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Starr_050222-4160_Heliotropium_procumbens.jpg/220px-Starr_050222-4160_Heliotropium_procumbens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Starr_050222-4160_Heliotropium_procumbens.jpg/330px-Starr_050222-4160_Heliotropium_procumbens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Starr_050222-4160_Heliotropium_procumbens.jpg/440px-Starr_050222-4160_Heliotropium_procumbens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="2288" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_procumbens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium procumbens (page does not exist)">Heliotropium procumbens</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(biology)" title="Morphology (biology)">habitus</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heliotropium_strigosum_in_Keesaraguda,_AP_W2_IMG_9143.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Heliotropium_strigosum_in_Keesaraguda%2C_AP_W2_IMG_9143.jpg/220px-Heliotropium_strigosum_in_Keesaraguda%2C_AP_W2_IMG_9143.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Heliotropium_strigosum_in_Keesaraguda%2C_AP_W2_IMG_9143.jpg/330px-Heliotropium_strigosum_in_Keesaraguda%2C_AP_W2_IMG_9143.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Heliotropium_strigosum_in_Keesaraguda%2C_AP_W2_IMG_9143.jpg/440px-Heliotropium_strigosum_in_Keesaraguda%2C_AP_W2_IMG_9143.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_strigosum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium strigosum (page does not exist)">Heliotropium strigosum</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Keesara" title="Keesara">Keesara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ranga_Reddy_district" title="Ranga Reddy district">Ranga Reddy district</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_amplexicaule" title="Heliotropium amplexicaule">Heliotropium amplexicaule</a></i> <small>Vahl</small> – clasping heliotrope, summer heliotrope, blue heliotrope</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_anderssonii" title="Heliotropium anderssonii">Heliotropium anderssonii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_angiospermum" title="Heliotropium angiospermum">Heliotropium angiospermum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_anomalum" title="Heliotropium anomalum">Heliotropium anomalum</a></i> <small>Hook. & Arn.</small> – Polynesian heliotrope, Pacific heliotrope (Pacific Islands) <ul><li><i>Heliotropium anomalum</i> var. <i>argenteum</i> – <i>hinahina kū kahakai</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_arborescens" title="Heliotropium arborescens">Heliotropium arborescens</a></i> – garden heliotrope, common heliotrope, cherry pie</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_argenteum" title="Heliotropium argenteum">Heliotropium argenteum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_asperrimum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium asperrimum (page does not exist)">Heliotropium asperrimum</a></i> <small>R.Br.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_balfourii" title="Heliotropium balfourii">Heliotropium balfourii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_bracteatum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium bracteatum (page does not exist)">Heliotropium bracteatum</a></i> <small>R.Br.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_conocarpum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium conocarpum (page does not exist)">Heliotropium conocarpum</a></i> <small>F.Muell. ex <a href="/wiki/George_Bentham" title="George Bentham">Benth.</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_crispatum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium crispatum (page does not exist)">Heliotropium crispatum</a></i> <small>F.Muell. ex Benth.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_diversifolium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium diversifolium (page does not exist)">Heliotropium diversifolium</a></i> <small>F.Muell. ex Benth.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_chenopodiaceum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium chenopodiaceum (page does not exist)">Heliotropium chenopodiaceum</a></i> <small>(A.DC.) Clos.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_claussenii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium claussenii (page does not exist)">Heliotropium claussenii</a></i> <small>DC.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_curassavicum" title="Heliotropium curassavicum">Heliotropium curassavicum</a></i> <small>L.</small> – seaside heliotrope, salt heliotrope, monkey tail, quail plant, Chinese parsley; <i>cola de mico</i> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish (language)">Spanish</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_dentatum" title="Heliotropium dentatum">Heliotropium dentatum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_derafontense" title="Heliotropium derafontense">Heliotropium derafontense</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_ellipticum" title="Heliotropium ellipticum">Heliotropium ellipticum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_epacrideum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium epacrideum (page does not exist)">Heliotropium epacrideum</a></i> <small>F.Muell. ex Benth.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_europaeum" title="Heliotropium europaeum">Heliotropium europaeum</a></i> <small>L.</small> – European heliotrope, European turnsole (Europe, Asia, and North Africa)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_fasciculatum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium fasciculatum (page does not exist)">Heliotropium fasciculatum</a></i> <small>R.Br.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_flintii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium flintii (page does not exist)">Heliotropium flintii</a></i> <small>F.Muell. ex A.S.Mitch.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_foertherianum" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliotropium foertherianum">Heliotropium foertherianum</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nadja_Diane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nadja Diane (page does not exist)">Diane</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartmut_H._Hilger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hartmut H. Hilger (page does not exist)">Hilger</a></small> – tree heliotrope, velvet soldierbush, octopus bush (<a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a>, western <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_foliatum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium foliatum (page does not exist)">Heliotropium foliatum</a></i> <small>R.Br.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_glabellum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium glabellum (page does not exist)">Heliotropium glabellum</a></i> <small>R.Br.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_heteranthum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium heteranthum (page does not exist)">Heliotropium heteranthum</a></i> <small>(F.Muell.) Ewart & O.B.Davies</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_indicum" title="Heliotropium indicum">Heliotropium indicum</a></i> <small>L.</small> – Indian turnsole</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_kuriense" title="Heliotropium kuriense">Heliotropium kuriense</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_laceolatum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium laceolatum (page does not exist)">Heliotropium laceolatum</a></i> <small>Loefg.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_lineariifolium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium lineariifolium (page does not exist)">Heliotropium lineariifolium</a></i> <small>Phil.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_megalanthumn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium megalanthumn (page does not exist)">Heliotropium megalanthumn</a></i> <small>I.M.Johnst.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_nigricans" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliotropium nigricans">Heliotropium nigricans</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_paniculatum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium paniculatum (page does not exist)">Heliotropium paniculatum</a></i> <small>R.Br.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_pannifolium" title="Heliotropium pannifolium">Heliotropium pannifolium</a></i> – St. Helena heliotrope (<a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinct</a>, c. 1820)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_pauciflorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium pauciflorum (page does not exist)">Heliotropium pauciflorum</a></i> <small>R.Br.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_paulayanum" title="Heliotropium paulayanum">Heliotropium paulayanum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_pleiopterum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium pleiopterum (page does not exist)">Heliotropium pleiopterum</a></i> <small>F.Muell.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_popovii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium popovii (page does not exist)">Heliotropium popovii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_prostratum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium prostratum (page does not exist)">Heliotropium prostratum</a></i> <small>R.Br.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_ramosissimum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium ramosissimum (page does not exist)">Heliotropium ramosissimum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_riebeckii" title="Heliotropium riebeckii">Heliotropium riebeckii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_shoabense" title="Heliotropium shoabense">Heliotropium shoabense</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_sinuatum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium sinuatum (page does not exist)">Heliotropium sinuatum</a></i> <small>(Miers) I.M.Johnst.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_socotranum" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliotropium socotranum">Heliotropium socotranum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_stenophyllum" title="Heliotropium stenophyllum">Heliotropium stenophyllum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_strigosum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium strigosum (page does not exist)">Heliotropium strigosum</a></i> <small>Willd.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_tenellum" title="Heliotropium tenellum">Heliotropium tenellum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium_ventricosum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliotropium ventricosum (page does not exist)">Heliotropium ventricosum</a></i> <small>R.Br.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_wagneri" title="Heliotropium wagneri">Heliotropium wagneri</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliotropium_aff._wagneri" title="Heliotropium aff. wagneri"><i>Heliotropium</i> aff. <i>wagneri</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Samhah" title="Samhah">Samhah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formerly_included_here">Formerly included here</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Formerly included here"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chrozophora_tinctoria" title="Chrozophora tinctoria">Chrozophora tinctoria</a></i> (as <i>H. tricoccum</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tournefortia_gnaphalodes" title="Tournefortia gnaphalodes">Tournefortia gnaphalodes</a></i> <small>(L.) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult.</small> (as <i>H. gnaphalodes</i> <small>L.</small>)<sup id="cite_ref-GRINSpecies_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRINSpecies-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turnsole" title="Turnsole">Turnsole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliotrope_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Heliotrope (disambiguation)">Heliotrope (disambiguation)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40022910">"<i>Heliotropium</i> L"</a>. <i>TROPICOS</i>. Missouri Botanical Garden<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TROPICOS&rft.atitle=Heliotropium+L&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tropicos.org%2FName%2F40022910&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeliotropium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-powo-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-powo_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:329805-2"><i>Heliotropium</i> Tourn. ex L.</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a></i>. Retrieved 25 July 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sunset Western Garden Book,</i> 1995:606–607</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuebertCecchiFrohlichGottschling2016" class="citation journal cs1">Luebert, Federico; Cecchi, Lorenzo; Frohlich, Michael W.; Gottschling, Marc; Guilliams, C. Matt; Hasenstab-Lehman, Kristen E.; Hilger, Hartmut H.; Miller, James S.; Mittelbach, Moritz; Nazaire, Mare; Nepi, Massimo (2016-06-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doi.wiley.com/10.12705/653.5">"Familial classification of the Boraginales"</a>. <i>Taxon</i>. <b>65</b> (3): 502–522. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12705%2F653.5">10.12705/653.5</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11365%2F993946">11365/993946</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-0262">0040-0262</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taxon&rft.atitle=Familial+classification+of+the+Boraginales&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=502-522&rft.date=2016-06-24&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11365%2F993946&rft.issn=0040-0262&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.12705%2F653.5&rft.aulast=Luebert&rft.aufirst=Federico&rft.au=Cecchi%2C+Lorenzo&rft.au=Frohlich%2C+Michael+W.&rft.au=Gottschling%2C+Marc&rft.au=Guilliams%2C+C.+Matt&rft.au=Hasenstab-Lehman%2C+Kristen+E.&rft.au=Hilger%2C+Hartmut+H.&rft.au=Miller%2C+James+S.&rft.au=Mittelbach%2C+Moritz&rft.au=Nazaire%2C+Mare&rft.au=Nepi%2C+Massimo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdoi.wiley.com%2F10.12705%2F653.5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeliotropium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LuebertCecchi2016-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LuebertCecchi2016_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LuebertCecchi2016_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LuebertCecchi2016_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LuebertCecchi2016_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuebertCecchiFrohlichGottschling2016" class="citation journal cs1">Luebert, F.; Cecchi, L.; Frohlich, M.W.; et al. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304454062">"Familial classification of the Boraginales"</a>. <i>Taxon</i>. <b>65</b> (3): 502–522. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12705%2F653.5">10.12705/653.5</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11365%2F993946">11365/993946</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-0262">0040-0262</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"A systematic analysis of Heliotropiaceae (Boraginales) based on <i>trnL</i> and ITS1 sequence data". <i>Botanische Jahrbücher</i>. <b>125</b> (1): 19–51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1127%2F0006-8152%2F2003%2F0125-0019">10.1127/0006-8152/2003/0125-0019</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-8152">0006-8152</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Botanische+Jahrb%C3%BCcher&rft.atitle=A+systematic+analysis+of+Heliotropiaceae+%28Boraginales%29+based+on+trnL+and+ITS1+sequence+data&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=19-51&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1127%2F0006-8152%2F2003%2F0125-0019&rft.issn=0006-8152&rft.aulast=Hilger&rft.aufirst=H.H.&rft.au=Diane%2C+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeliotropium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuebertHilgerWeigend2011" class="citation journal cs1">Luebert, Federico; Hilger, Hartmut H.; Weigend, Maximilian (October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790311002685">"Diversification in the Andes: Age and origins of South American Heliotropium lineages (Heliotropiaceae, Boraginales)"</a>. <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</i>. <b>61</b> (1): 90–102. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011MolPE..61...90L">2011MolPE..61...90L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2011.06.001">10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21689768">21689768</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Phylogenetics+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Diversification+in+the+Andes%3A+Age+and+origins+of+South+American+Heliotropium+lineages+%28Heliotropiaceae%2C+Boraginales%29&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=90-102&rft.date=2011-10&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21689768&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2011.06.001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011MolPE..61...90L&rft.aulast=Luebert&rft.aufirst=Federico&rft.au=Hilger%2C+Hartmut+H.&rft.au=Weigend%2C+Maximilian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS1055790311002685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeliotropium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRINSpecies-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRINSpecies_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121211201253/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?5496">"GRIN Species Records of <i>Heliotropium</i>"</a>. <i>Germplasm Resources Information Network</i>. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?5496">the original</a> on 2012-12-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Germplasm+Resources+Information+Network&rft.atitle=GRIN+Species+Records+of+Heliotropium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ars-grin.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fnpgs%2Fhtml%2Fsplist.pl%3F5496&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeliotropium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverittLonardLittle2007" class="citation book cs1">Everitt, J.H.; Lonard, R.L.; Little, C.R. (2007). <i>Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico</i>. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89672-614-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89672-614-7"><bdi>978-0-89672-614-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Weeds+in+South+Texas+and+Northern+Mexico&rft.place=Lubbock&rft.pub=Texas+Tech+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-89672-614-7&rft.aulast=Everitt&rft.aufirst=J.H.&rft.au=Lonard%2C+R.L.&rft.au=Little%2C+C.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeliotropium" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliotropium&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Heliotropium" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Special:Search/Heliotropium">Heliotropium</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Heliotropium" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Heliotropium">Heliotropium</a></b></i> or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heliotrope" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:heliotrope">heliotrope</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170317234634/https://gardenerspath.com/plantguide/heliotrope/">A Heliotrope</a> at Gardener's Path</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chileflora.com/Florachilena/FloraEnglish/HighResPages/EH0829.htm">Picture of Heliotropium chenopodiaceum</a> at Chileflora</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Heliotropium</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158082" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q158082">Q158082</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Heliotropium" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Heliotropium">Heliotropium</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/191297">191297</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/87589">87589</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/62VCK">62VCK</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/State_Herbarium_of_South_Australia" title="State Herbarium of South Australia">eFloraSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/speciesfacts_display.cgi?form=speciesfacts&name=Heliotropium">Heliotropium</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/38426">38426</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1HEOG">1HEOG</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FloraBase" title="FloraBase">FloraBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/21978">21978</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=114922">114922</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=114922">114922</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2925766">2925766</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=5496">5496</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/48896">48896</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/4614-1">4614-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1094741">1094741</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=31634">31634</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0000459282">NHMSYS0000459282</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=21621">21621</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/23107357-613a-4291-91d6-036ad4601f7d">23107357-613a-4291-91d6-036ad4601f7d</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=885838">885838</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/HELIO3">HELIO3</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A329805-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:329805-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/40022910">40022910</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/1237">1237</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Herbarium_of_Victoria" title="National Herbarium of Victoria">VicFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/e6d2eba1-f545-439d-bffb-a1e6156b797c">e6d2eba1-f545-439d-bffb-a1e6156b797c</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-4000017267">wfo-4000017267</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=415457">415457</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox 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